القاموس الإسلامي عربي - إنجليزي –
مصطلح الحديث
1- آدَابُ الرِّوَايَةِ
Etiquette of Narration
2- آدَابُ المُحَدِّثِ
Etiquette of Narrator
3- آدَابُ طَالِبِ الحَدِيثِ
Etiquette of Hadith learner
4- أَتبَاعُ التَّابِعِينَ
هُوَ مَن لَم يَثبُت لَهُ لِقَاءُ الصَّحَابَةِ وَإِنَّمَا لَقِيَ تَابِعِيًّا فَأَكثَرَ وَأَخَذَ عَنهُ.
Followers of the Successors : The term applies to any of those who did not meet the Companions, but met and narrated from one or more of the Successors, i. e. , those belonging to the second generation after the Prophet.
5- أَحَادِيثُ الفَضَائِلِ
هِيَ الأَحَادِيثُ الَّتِي تَتَعَلَّقُ بِفَضَائِلِ الأَعمَالِ.
Hadiths of Virtues : Hadiths concerning virtuous acts.
6- أَحوَالُ الرُّوَاةِ
The Narrators' Status
7- أَحوَالُ الرُّوَاةِ الفِعلِيَّةُ
Status of narrators as derived from their deeds
8- أَحوَالُ الرُّوَاةِ القَولِيَّةُ
Status of narrators as derived from their sayings
9- أَصحَابُ الأُصُولِ
هُم عُلَمَاءُ أُصُولِ الفِقهِ.
The Scholars of the Principles of Jurisprudence : Specialists in the study of the Principles of Islamic Jurisprudence.
10- أَصحَابُ الفِقهِ
هُم عُلَمَاءُ الفِقهِ الَّذِينَ يَستَنبِطُونَ الأَحكَامَ الشَّرعِيَّةَ مِن أَدِلَّتِهَا الكُلِّيَّةِ.
The Scholars of Jurisprudence : The Jurists who infer legal rules and judgments from general premises.
11- أَصلٌ مَعمُولٌ بِهِ
حَدِيثٌ يُطَبِّقُ مَا جَاءَ بِهِ مِن أَحكَامٍ.
An Acted-Upon Principle : This is a hadith whose implications, rulings and judgments are to be carried out.
12- أَمِيرُ المُؤمِنِينَ
هُوَ مَن أَحَاطَ عِلمًا بِأَغلَبِ الأَحَادِيثِ حَتَّى لَا يَفُوتُهُ مِنهَا إِلَّا اليَسِيرَ.(1/1)
Emir of the Believers : In the context of Hadith Terminology the term is used as a title to any person who has extensive knowledge of most hadiths; only a few hadiths have escaped his knowledge.
13- أَنبَأَنَا
هِيَ قَلِيلَةُ الِاستِخدَامِ فِيمَا سُمِعَ عَن الشَّيخِ.
He told us : It is rarely used to indicate the act of hearing from the elder scholar.
14- أَهلُ الصَّنعَةِ
العُلَمَاءُ المُختَصُّونَ بِأَحَدِ أَفرُعِ العِلمِ.
Specialists : Scholars interested in one of the fields of the study of Hadith.
15- إِخبَارِيٌّ
A Specialist in Narration
16- ا لمُتَقَدِّمُونَ
Earlier Scholars
17- اِتِّصَالُ السَّنَدِ
يُقصَدُ بِهِ أَن يَكُونَ بَينَ رُوَاةِ السَّنَدِ تَرَابُطٌ عِلمِيٌّ بِحَيثُ يَتَلَقَّى اللَّاحِقُ عَن السَّابِقِ، وَالمُتَحَمِّلُ عَن المُؤَدِّي فَلَا يَكُونُ بَينَ اِثنَينِ مِن رُوَاةِ الحَدِيثِ فَجوَةٌ زَمَنِيَّةٌ أَو مَكَانِيَّةٌ يَتَعَذَّرُ مَعَهَا اللِّقَاءُ أَو يَستَحِيلُ التَّلَقِّي.
Connected Chain of Transmission : A chain of transmission which is connected without interruption in such a manner that it is logically acceptable that the succeeding narrator received the hadith from the preceding one. Therefore, there should be no gap, whether in time or place, which may make their meeting impossible.
18- الأَثَرُ
هُوَ الخَبَرُ المَنقُولُ عَن الصَّحَابَةِ أَو التَّابِعِينَ.
Tradition : It is whatever reported from the Companions or their successors.
19- الأَدَاءُ
هُوَ نَقلُ الحَدِيثِ عَمَّن سُمِعَ مِنهُ.
Performance : This term applies to transmitting the hadith from whomever it was heard.
20- الأَصَاغِرُ(1/2)
هُم مَن دُونَ الأَكَابِرِ فِي السِّنِّ أَو القَدرِ أَو فِي كُلٍّ مِنهُمَا.
The Juniors : The term refers to the transmission of a narrator from someone who exceeds him in age, status or both
21- الأَقرَانُ
هُم المُتَقَارِبُونَ فِي السِّنُّ وَالإِسنَادِ.
Peers : Those are the narrators who are close in age and greatly similar in transmitting.
22- الأَهلِيَّةُ
صَلَاحِيَّةُ الرَّاوِي لِتَحَمُّلِ الحَدِيثِ .
Eligibility, Competence : This term applies to the narrator's competence to report hadiths.
23- الإِتقَانُ
أَعلَى دَرَجَاتِ الحِفظِ وَالضَّبطِ.
Perfection : The highest degree of verification, memorization and accuracy.
24- الإِجَازَةُ
هِيَ أَن يَأذَنَ الشَّيخُ لِتِلمِيذِهِ بِأَن يَقُومَ بِالرِّوَايَةِ عَنهُ لَفظًا أَو كِتَابَةً.
Permission : This term refers to the permission given by the scholar to any of his disciples to narrate from him whether orally or in writing.
25- الإِرسَالُ الخَفِيُّ
أَن يُرسِلَ الرَّاوِي عَمَّن لَم يَسمَع مِنهُ.
Implicit Transmission : It refers to the case in which a narrator may transmit a hadith from somebody though he did not hear it from him.
26- الإِسنَادُ
هُوَ إِسنَادُ الأَحَادِيثِ إِلَى رَسُولِ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيهِ وَسَلَّمَ.
The Chain of Transmission : It is the line of narrators through whom hadiths are traced back to the Prophet (peace be upon him).
27- الإِسنَادُ العَالِي
هُوَ مَا كَانَ قَرِيبًا إِلَى رَسُولِ اللَّهِ بِأَن يَقِلَّ عَدَدُ الرُّوَاةِ بِالنِّسبَةِ إِلَى سَنَدٍ آخَرَ يَرِدُ بِهِ ذَلِكَ الحَدِيثُ بِعَينِهِ بِعَدٍ كَثِيرٍ أَوبِالنِّسبَةِ لِمُطلَقِ الأَسَانِيدِ.(1/3)
Ascending Chain of Transmission : This term refers to any hadith whose chain of transmission begins near the Messenger of Allah and the number of narrators is less than that found in another chain of the same hadith or in other chains as a whole.
28- الإِسنَادُ النَّازِلُ
هُوَ مَا يُقَابِلُ العَالِي بِكَثرَةِ عَدَدِ رُوَاتِهِ بِالنِّسبَةِ لِسَنَدٍ آخَرَ يَرِدُ بِهِ ذَلِكَ الحَدِيثُ بِعَدَدٍ أَقَلَّ.
Descending Chain of Transmission : This is the opposite of the Ascending Chain of transmission as the number of narrators is more than that found in another chain of transmitters or in the other chains as a whole.
29- الإِعلَامُ
هُوَ إِعلَامُ الشَّيخِ الطَّالِبَ أَنَّ هَذَا الحَدِيثَ أَو الكِتَابَ سَمَاعُهُ مِن فُلَانٍ دُونَ أَن يَأذَنَ فِي رِوَايَتِهِ عَنهُ.
Informing : This refers to the scholar's informing of his student that a given hadith or chapter was heard from so-and-so, without permitting him to narrate it from him.
30- الإِملَاءُ
هِيَ أَن يَقُومَ الشَّيخُ بِإِملَاءِ تَلَامِيذِهِ مَا يَقُولُهُ كَي يَحتَفِظُوا بِهِ وَيَرجِعُوا إِلَيهِ مَتَى شَاءُوا.
Dictation : This refers to the elder scholar's dictation of something he has memorized to his disciples in order to be kept as a reference to check whenever they need.
31- الِاحتِجَاجِ
الأَخذُ بِالحَدِيثِ كَدَلِيلٍ عَلَى إِثبَاتِ أَو إِنكَارِ حُكمٍ شَرعِيٍّ مُعَيَّنٍ.
Argumentation : Using a hadith as evidence or proof to establish or reject a given legal judgment.
32- الِاستِحبَابُ
Desirability
33- البَدرِيُّونَ
هُم الصَّحَابَةُ الَّذِينَ شَهِدُوا غَزوَةَ بَدرٍ الكُبرَى.(1/4)
The People of Badr : The Companions who fought alongside the Prophet (peace be upon him) at the Battle of Badr.
34- البَيِّنَةُ
The Existence of a Proof
35- التَّابِعُونَ
التَّابِعِيُّ هُوَ مَن لَقِيَ الصَّحَابِيَّ.
The Successors : The term is attributed to a person who was in the company of a Companion of the Prophet, i. e. , whoever belonged to the first generation after the Prophet.
36- التَّحدِيثُ مِن غَيرِ إِملَاءٍ
هُوَ أَن يَقُومَ الشَّيخُ بِذِكرِ الرِّوَايَة دُونَ إِمهَالِ التَّلَامِيذِ لِأَن يَقُومُوا بِالتَّسجِيلِ لِمَا يَقُولُ كِتَابَةً.
Delivering Narration without Dictation : This is when the scholar has mentioned the narration without giving a chance to the disciples to record what has been said.
37- التَّحَمُّلُ
هُوَ أَخذُ الرَّاوِي الحَدِيثَ وَتَلَقِّيهِ عَن شُيُوخِهِ.
Transmission : This term applies to the narrator's report of a hadith from his elder scholar or narrator.
38- التَّدلِيسُ
هُوَ إِخفَاءُ عَيبِ الإِسنَادِ مَعَ تَحسِينِ ظَاهِرِهِ.
Deceit : This means concealing the blemish or defect found in the chain of transmission.
39- التَّرغِيبُ وَالتَّرهِيبُ
Invitation and Intimidation
40- التَّعدِيلُ
هُوَ أَن يُذكَرَ الرَّاوِي بِمَا يُوجِبُ قَبُولَ رِوَايَتِهِ مِن إِثبَاتِ صِفَةِ قَبُولٍ أَو نَفيِ صِفَةِ رَدٍّ.
Validating Narrators : Accepting the narrator's transmission because he meets certain characteristics laid down by the scholars of hadith
41- التَّقوِيَةُ
هِيَ تَقوِيَةُ الحَدِيثِ بِأَيِّ وَجهٍ مِن الوُجُوهِ.
Strengthening : This means giving strength to and raising the level of any hadith by any means whatsoever.
42- الجَبرُ(1/5)
هُوَ أَن يَقبَلَ الضَّعِيفُ أَن يَرتَفِعَ إِلَى مُستَوَى الحَسَنِ بِطَرِيقٍ آخَرَ.
Support : This indicates that the status of a Weak Hadith can be raised to the rank of the Good by means of another chain of transmission.
43- الجَرحُ
هُوَ أَن يُذكَرَ الرَّاوِي بِمَا يُوجِبُ رَدَّ رِوَايَتِهِ مِن إِثبَاتِ صِفَةِ رَدٍّ أَو نَفيِ صِفَةِ قَبُولٍ.
Invalidating Narrators : Rejecting the narrator's transmission because he does not meet certain characteristics laid down by the scholars of hadith.
44- الجَمعُ
هُوَ التَّوفِيقُ بَينَ الرِّوَايَاتِ المُتَعَارِضَةِ
The Matching : This is the process of matching opposing narrations and bringing them into harmony with one another.
45- الحَافِظُ
هُوَ مَن يَعرِفُ مِن كُلِّ طَبَقَةٍ أَكثَرَ مِمَّا يَجهَلُ وَهُوَ مَن يَشتَغِلُ بِعِلمِ الحَدِيثِ رِوَايَةً وَدِرَايَةً.
Memorizer [Hafizh] : It is a title given to a person who knows most narrations of each class of narrators, and whoever devotes himself to the study of Hadith.
46- الحَدِيثُ
مَا أُضِيفَ إِلَى النَّبِيِّ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيهِ وَسَلَّمَ مِن قَولٍ أَو فِعلٍ أَو تَقرِيرٍ أَو وَصفٍ خِلقِيٍّ أَو خُلُقِيٍّ حَقِيقَةً أَو حُكمًا حَتَّى الحَرَكَاتِ وَالسَّكَنَاتِ فِي اليَقَظَةِ وَالمَنَامِ.
Hadith : A Hadith refers to all that is narrated from the Prophet, his acts, his sayings, and whatever he tacitly approved, in addition to all the reports which describe his physical attributes and character.
47- الحَدِيثُ الحَسَنُ
هُوَ الحَدِيثُ الَّذِي اِتَّصَلَ سَنَدُهُ بِنَقلِ العَدلِ الَّذِي قَلَّ ضَبطُهُ عَن دَرَجَةِ الصَّحِيحِ وَخَلَا مِن الشُّذُوذِ وَالعِلَّةِ.(1/6)
Good [Hasan] Hadith : A hadith whose chain of transmission is linked to the narration of an authority with weak exactitude, and the hadith has no eccentricity or blemish.
48- الحَدِيثُ الشَّاذُّ
هُوَ مَا رَوَاهُ الثِّقَةُ مُخَالِفًا فِي المَتنِ أَو فِي السَّنَدِ مَن كَانَ أَوثَقَ مِنهُ بِزِيَادَةٍ أَو نُقصَانٍ مَعَ عَدَمِ إِمكَانِ الجَمعِ.
Irregular [Shadh] Hadith : A hadith narrated by a trustworthy narrator which contradicts, either in text or chain, the narration of a more trustworthy scholar, while no compromise can be done.
49- الحَدِيثُ الصَّحِيحُ
هُوَ الحَدِيثُ الَّذِي اِتَّصَلَ سَنَدُهُ بِنَقلِ العَدلِ الضَّابِطِ عَن مِثلِهِ بِغَيرِ شُذُوذٍ وَلَا عِلَّةٍ قَادِحَةٍ.
Authentic [Sahih] Hadith : The term refers to a hadith whose chain of narrators has been transmitted by truly pious persons who have been known for their uprightness and exactitude, and the hadith is free from eccentricity and blemish.
50- الحَدِيثُ العَزِيزُ
هُوَ الَّذِي اِتَّفَقَ فِي رِوَايَتِهِ رَاوِيَانِ فِي جَمِيعِ الإِسنَادِ أَو فِي طَبَقَةٍ مِنهُ بِحَيثُ لَا يَقِلُّ رُوَاتُهُ عَن اِثنَينِ فِي كُلِّ طَبَقَةٍ.
Rare [`Aziz] Hadith : A hadith reported by not less than two narrators in each stage of the chain of transmission.
51- الحَدِيثُ الغَرِيبُ
هُوَ مَا يَنفَرِدُ بِرِوَايَتِهِ رَاوٍ وَاحِدٌ وَلَو فِي طَبَقَةٍ وَاحِدَةٍ.
Unfamiliar [Gharib] Hadith : A hadith reported by just one narrator at even one stage of the chain of transmission.
52- الحَدِيثُ القُدسِيُّ
هُوَ مَا أَضَافَهُ الرَّسُولُ، صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيهِ وَسَلَّمَ، وَأَسنَدَهُ إِلَى رَبِّهِ عَزَّ وَجَلَّ مِن غَيرِ القُرآنِ الكَرِيمِ.(1/7)
Divine [Qudsi] Hadith : Divine words, other than the Holy Qur'an, transmitted on the authority of the Prophet (peace be upon him).
53- الحَدِيثُ المُؤَنَّنُ
هُوَ قَولُ الرَّاوِي: حَدَّثَنَا فُلَانٌ أَنَّ فُلَانًا قَالَ مِن غَيرِ لَفظٍ صَرِيحٍ بِالسَّمَاعِ أَو التَّحدِيثِ أَو الإِخبَارِ.
Literally Transmitted [Mu'annan] Hadith : This applies to a transmitter saying, 'so and so said to us that so and so said', without any obviously denoting hearsay or transmitting.
54- الحَدِيثُ المَترُوكُ
هُوَ مَا رَوَاهُ رَاوٍ وَاحِدٌ مُجمَعٌ عَلَى ضَعفِهِ.
Disregarded [Matruk] Hadith : A hadith narrated by only one narrator upon whose weakness scholars have unanimously agreed.
55- الحَدِيثُ المُتَّصِلُ
هُوَ مَا اِتَّصَلَ إِسنَادُهُ مَرفُوعًا كَانَ أَو مَوقُوفًا بِسَمَاعِ كُلِّ رَاوٍ مِن رُوَاتِهِ مِمَّن فَوقَهُ إِلَى مُنتَهَاهُ.
Connected [Muttasil] Hadith : A hadith with a connected chain of transmission, whether traceable to the Prophet or to a Companion.
56- الحَدِيثُ المُتَوَاتِرُ
هُوَ الحَدِيثُ الَّذِي يَروِيهِ عَدَدٌ كَثِيرٌ يَستَحِيلُ فِي العَقلِ عَادَةً اِتِّفَاقُهُم عَلَى الكَذِبِ.
Continuously Recurrent [Mutawatir] Hadith : A hadith reported by a large number of narrators whose agreement upon telling a lie is inconceivable (this condition must be met in the entire chain from the beginning to the end).
57- الحَدِيثُ المُحَرَّفُ
هُوَ الحَدِيثُ الَّذِي حَصَلَ فِيهِ تَغيِيرٌ بِالشَّكلِ.
Distorted [Muharraf] Hadith : A hadith in whose text a vowelization change has taken place.
58- الحَدِيثُ المُحكَمُ
هُوَ الحَدِيثُ المَقبُولُ الَّذِي سَلِمَ مِن مُعَارَضَةِ مِثلِهِ.(1/8)
Perfect [Muhkam] Hadith : An accepted hadith free from being contradicted by another.
59- الحَدِيثُ المُختَلِفُ
هُوَ الحَدِيثُ المَقبُولُ المُعَارَضُ بِمَثَلِهِ مَعَ إِمكَانِ الجَمعِ بَينَهُمَا.
Disputed [Mukhtalif] Hadith : An acceptable hadith contradicted by another one of the same strength with the possibility of making a compromise between them.
60- الحَدِيثُ المُدَلَّسُ
هُوَ الحَدِيثُ الَّذِي دَلَّسَ فِيهِ الرَّاوِي بِوَجهٍ مِن وُجُوهِ التَّدلِيسِ.
Deceitful [Mudallas] Hadith : A hadith whose defects of the chain have been concealed
61- الحَدِيثُ المَردُودُ
الضَّعِيفُ إِذَا لَم يَجِد مَا يَعضُدُهُ، أَو مَا لَم تَجتَمِع فِيهِ شُرُوطُ الحَدِيثِ الصَّحِيحِ أَو الحَدِيثِ الحَسَنِ وَلَم يَجِد مَا يَعضُدُهُ.
Rejected [Mardud] Hadith : A weak hadith that is not strengthened by any other narration, or a hadith lacking authenticity criteria, or a hadith that is not strengthened by any means.
62- الحَدِيثُ المُرسَلُ
هُوَ الحَدِيثُ الَّذِي سَقَطَ مِن سِلسِلَةِ سَنَدِهِ الصَّحَابِيُّ.
Incompletely Transmitted [Mursal] Hadith : A hadith whose chain of transmission lacks a Companion transmitter, i. e. , a hadith which a Successor has directly attributed to the Prophet without mentioning a Companion.
63- الحَدِيثُ المَرفُوعُ
هُوَ الحَدِيثُ الَّذِي أُضِيفَ إِلَى النَّبِيِّ مِن القَولِ أَو الفِعلِ أَو التَّقرِيرِ.
Traceable [Marfu`] Hadith : Whatever word, deed, approval, or attribute traced directly back to the Prophet (peace be upon him) with a connected or disconnected chain of transmission.
64- الحَدِيثُ المُسَلسَلُ(1/9)
هُوَ الحَدِيثُ الَّذِي تَوَارَدَ رِجَالُ إِسنَادِهِ وَاحِدًا فَوَاحِدًا عَلَى حَالَةٍ وَاحِدَةٍ سَوَاءٌ كَانَت تِلكَ الصِّفَةُ لِلرِّوَايَةِ أَو لِلإِسنَادِ، وَسَوَاءٌ كَانَ مَا وَقَعَ فِيهِ الإِسنَادُ مُتَعَلِّقًا بِصِفَةِ الأَدَاءِ أَو مُتَعَلِّقًا بِزَمَنِ الرِّوَايَةِ أَو مَكَانِهَا، وَسَوَاءٌ كَانَت صِفَةُ الرِّوَايَةِ قَولًا أَو فِعلًا، أَو قَولًا وَفِعلًا مَعًا.
Chained [Musalsal] Hadith : A hadith whose narrators shared a similar status. For example, all of them used the same terminology in narration; or all of them belonged to one region or occupation; or they narrated the hadith with the same action, such as smiling while narrating a hadith, because the Prophet had smiled while saying it.
65- الحَدِيثُ المَشهُورُ
هُوَ مَا رَوَاهُ ثَلَاثَةٌ فَأَكثَرُ وَلَو فِي طَبَقَةٍ مِن طَبَقَاتِهِ وَلَو رَوَاهُ بَعدَ الثَّلَاثَةِ جَمعٌ.
Well-known [Mashhur] Hadith : A hadith reported by three or more narrators in each stage of its chain of transmission.
66- الحَدِيثُ المُضطَرِبُ
هُوَ الحَدِيثُ الَّذِي تَختَلِفُ الرِّوَايَاتُ فِيهِ، المُتَسَاوِيَةُ شُرُوطُ قَبُولِهَا فِي القُوَّةِ، بِحَيثُ تُعَارَضُ مِن كُلِّ الوُجُوهِ، فَلَا جَمعَ وَلَا نَسخَ وَلَا تَرجِيحَ.
Disordered [Mudtarib] Hadith : A hadith on which a number of reports with the same strength differ; thus, neither compromise nor abrogation nor preponderance can be applied.
67- الحَدِيثُ المُضَعَّفُ
هُوَ كُلُّ حَدِيثٍ لَم تَجتَمِع فِيهِ شُرُوطُ الصَّحِيحِ وَلَا شُرُوطُ الحَسَنِ.
Doubtful [Muda`af] Hadith : A hadith lacking authenticity criteria.
68- الحَدِيثُ المَطرُوحُ
Matruh (Non-Acted Upon)
69- الحَدِيثُ المَعرُوفُ(1/10)
هُوَ حَدِيثُ الثِّقَةِ الَّذِي خَالَفَهُ الضَّعِيفُ.
The Known [Ma`ruf] Hadith : This term applies to a hadith transmitted by a trustworthy narrator who is contradicted by a weak one.
70- الحَدِيثُ المُعضَلُ
هُوَ الحَدِيثُ الَّذِي سَقَطَ مِن سَنَدِهِ اِثنَانِ فَصَاعِدًا مِن أَيِّ مَوضِعٍ كَانَ بِشَرطِ التَّوَالِي وَالتَّتَابُعِ فِي اَلسَّاقِطِينَ كَأَن يَسقُطَ الصَّحَابِيُّ وَالتَّابِعِيُّ أَو التَّابِعِيُّ وَتَابِعُهُ أَو اِثنَانِ قَبلَهُمَا.
Perplexing [Mu`dal] Hadith : A hadith whose chain of transmission suffers loss of two or more successive narrators, such as a Companion and a Successor. (The hadith transmitter has dropped two or more narrators so that the disconnected chain of transmission would become too difficult to be reconnected.)
71- الحَدِيثُ المُعَلَّقُ
هُوَ الحَدِيثُ الَّذِي حُذِفَ مِنهُ أَوَّلُ الإِسنَادِ سَوَاءٌ كَانَ المَحذُوفُ وَاحِدًا أَو أَكثَرَ.
Suspended [Mu`allaq] Hadith : A hadith, the beginning of whose chain of transmission has two or more successive narrators missing.
72- الحَدِيثُ المَعمُولُ بِهِ
هُوَ الحَدِيثُ الصَّحِيحُ أَو الحَسَنُ الَّذِي سَلِمَ مِن النَّسخِ وَالمُعَارَضَةِ.
Applied [Ma`mul Bih] Hadith : An Authentic or Good Hadith not abrogated or contradicted by another hadith.
73- الحَدِيثُ المَقبُولُ
هُوَ مَا تَرَجَّحَ صِدقُ رَاوِيهِ فِيمَا رَوَاهُ وَنَقَلَهُ.
Accepted [Maqbul] Hadith : A hadith whose narrator's sincerity in reporting and transmitting is generally agreed upon.
74- الحَدِيثُ المَقطُوعُ
هُوَ مَا أُضِيفَ إِلَى التَّابِعِيَّ فَمَن دُونَهُ مِن قَولٍ أَو فِعلٍ.(1/11)
Intersected [Maqtu`] Hadith : A hadith, whether a deed or saying, attributed to a Successor and whoever came after him.
75- الحَدِيثُ المَقلُوبُ
هُوَ الحَدِيثُ الَّذِي وَقَعَ فِي مَتنِهِ أَو فِي سَنَدِهِ تَغيِيرٌ بِإِبدَالِ لَفظٍ بِآخَرَ أَو بِتَقدِيمٍ وَتَأخِيرٍ.
Inverted [Maqlub] Hadith : A hadith in whose text or chain of transmission a change has taken place by substituting one letter for another or by reversing the order of a word or sentence in the text.
76- الحَدِيثُ المُلتَبِسُ
الِالتِبَاسُ نَوعٌ مِن التَّدلِيسِ يُبهَمُ فِيهِ اِسمُ رَاوٍ حَتَّى يُظَنَّ أَنَّهُ غَيرُهُ.
Dubious [Multabis] Hadith : A hadith whose narrator's name is not clearly identified so that the narrator might be taken for another one.
77- الحَدِيثُ المَنسُوخُ
هُوَ الحَدِيثُ الَّذِي جَاءَ حَدِيثٌ آخَرُ لِيَرفَعَ حُكمَهُ.
Abrogated [Mansukh] Hadith : An early hadith whose judgment or purport has been abrogated by a later one.
78- الحَدِيثُ المُنقَطِعُ
هُوَ مَا سَقَطَ مِن رُوَاتِهِ رَاوٍ وَاحِدٌ قَبلَ الصَّحَابِيِّ فِي مَوضِعٍ وَاحِدٍ أَو فِي مَوَاضِعَ عِدَّة.
Disconnected [Munqati`] Hadith : A hadith, the middle of whose chain of transmission has only one narrator missing, whether in one stage or more.
79- الحَدِيثُ المُنكَرُ
هُوَ الحَدِيثُ الَّذِي يَنفَرِدُ بِهِ الرَّجُلُ، وَلَا يُعرَفُ مَتنُهُ مِن غَيرِ رِوَايَتِهِ لَا مِن الوَجهِ الَّذِي رَوَاهُ وَلَا مِن وَجهٍ آخَرَ.
Denounced [Munkar] Hadith : A hadith narrated by a sole narrator, with a text that is not known through any other chain of transmission.
80- الحَدِيثُ المَوضُوعُ(1/12)
هُوَ الخَبَرُ المُختَلَقُ المَكذُوبُ المَنسُوبُ إِلَى رَسُولِ اللَّهِ اِفتِرَاءً عَلَيهِ أَو إِلَى الصَّحَابِيِّ أَو إِلَى التَّابِعِيِّ، وَهُوَ بَاطِلٌ تَحرُمُ رِوَايَتُهُ إِلَّا لِلتَّحذِيرِ مِنهُ أَو لِتَعلِيمِ ذَلِكَ لِأَهلِ العِلمِ لِمَعرِفَتِهِ.
Invented [Maudu`] Hadith : A fabricated tradition attributed either to the Prophet (peace be upon him), a Companion or to a Successor. It is forbidden either to act upon this kind of hadith or to narrate it except to warn against it or to make scholars aware of it
81- الحَدِيثُ المَوقُوفُ
هُوَ الحَدِيثُ المُضَافُ إِلَى الصَّحَابِيِّ سَوَاءٌ كَانَ قَولًا أَو فِعلًا وَسَوَاءٌ اِتَّصَلَ سَنَدُهُ إِلَيهِ أَم اِنقَطَعَ.
Discontinued [Mauquf] Hadith : A hadith (word or deed) traced back to a Companion only, whether its chain of transmission is connected or not.
82- الحَدِيثُ النَّاسِخُ
هُوَ الحَدِيثُ الَّذِي جَاءَ لِيَرفَعَ حُكمًا سَابِقًا وَمُتَقَدِّمًا عَلَيهِ.
Abrogating [Nasikh] Hadith : A hadith abrogating the judgment or purport of an earlier one.
83- الحَدِيثُ غَيرُ المَعلُولِ
هُوَ الحَدِيثُ الَّذِي سَلِمَ مِن العِلَّةِ القَادِحَةِ فِي السَّنَدِ أَو المَتنِ.
Sound [Ghair Ma`lul] Hadith : A hadith void of defects that might invalidate its text or chain of transmission.
84- الحَدِيثُ غَيرُ المَعمُولِ بِهِ
هُوَ الحَدِيثُ المَقبُولِ (الحَسَنُ أَو الصَّحِيحُ) الَّذِي تُرِكَ العَمَلُ بِهِ إِمَّا لِنَسخِهِ أَو لِتَعَارُضِهِ مَعَ مِثلِهِ.
Unapplied [Ghair Ma`mul Bihi] Hadith : An accepted hadith (Authentic or Good) no longer applied due to its being abrogated or contradicted by another hadith.
85- الحَسَنُ لِذَاتِهِ(1/13)
هُوَ مَا اِتَّصَلَ سَنَدُهُ بِنَقلِ عَدلٍ خَفِيفِ الضَّبطِ مِن غَيرِ شُذُوذٍ وَلَا عِلَّةٍ.
Good on Its Own Virtue : This is a hadith whose chain of transmission is linked to the narration of an authority with weak exactitude, but without eccentricity or blemish.
86- الحَسَنُ لِغَيرِهِ
إِذَا كَانَ الحَدِيثُ فِي ذَاتِهِ ضَعِيفًا وَكَانَ ضَعفُهُ بِحَيثُ يَقبَلُ أَن يَرتَفِعَ بِهِ طَرِيقًا آخَرَ إِلَى مُستَوَى الحُسنِ فَإِنَّ حُسنَهُ لَا يَكُونُ لِذَاتِهِ.
Good by Virtue of Another Hadith : A hadith is judged Good by Virtue of Another Hadith when its weakness is so slight that it can be raised through another chain to the level of the Good Hadith. Therefore, being Good is not on its own virtue, but by the way that renders it Good.
87- الحِفظُ
هُوَ إِيدَاعُ مَا يُسمَعُ فِي القَلبِ لِاستِرجَاعِهِ فِي أَيِّ وَقتٍ كَانَ.
Memorizing : This refers to committing anything one has heard or written to one's memory, to recall it whenever it is needed.
88- الخَبَرُ
هُوَ كُلُّ مَا يُنقَلُ عَن النَّبِيِّ أَو غَيرِهِ مِن الصَّحَابَةِ أَو التَّابِعِينَ فَمَن بَعدَهُم.
Tradition : This term applies to all that is transmitted from the Prophet (peace be upon him), the Companions or the Followers and those after them.
89- الخُصُوصُ
Specialty
90- الرَّدُّ
هُوَ عَدَمُ قَبُولِ الرِّوَايَةِ وَلَا العَمَلِ بِهَا.
Rejection : This refers to not accepting the narration and rendering it non-acted upon.
91- السَّقطُ الظَّاهِرُ
Obvious Omission : This term refers to the case of having a stage of the chain of transmission missing.
92- السَّمَاعُ(1/14)
هُوَ سَمَاعُ الرَّاوِي مِن لَفظِ الشَّيخِ وَالشَّيخِ مِن لَفظِ شَيخِهِ وَهَكَذَا.
Hearing : Hearing or hearsay refers to what was heard by a narrator from his elder scholar, and his elder scholar from his elder one in turn.
93- السُّنَّةُ
هُوَ مَا أُضِيفَ إِلَى النَّبِيِّ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيهِ وَسَلَّمَ مِن قَولٍ أَو فِعلٍ أَو تَقرِيرٍ أَو وَصفٍ خِلقِيٍّ أَو خُلُقِيٍّ حَقِيقَةً أَو حُكمًا حَتَّى الحَرَكَاتِ والسَّكَنَاتِ فِي اليَقَظَةِ وَالمَنَامِ.
Sunnah, Prophetic Tradition : It refers to all that is narrated from the Prophet, his acts, his sayings, and whatever he tacitly approved, in addition to all the reports which describe his physical attributes and character.
94- الشَّاهِدُ
هُوَ الحَدِيثُ المُشَارِكُ لِغَيرِهِ فِي اللَّفظِ أَو المَعنَى مَعَ عَدَمِ الِاتِّحَادِ فِي الصَّحَابِيِّ.
Text-Related Appendage : A hadith whose wording or meaning is identical to another, but the narrator Companion is different in both.
95- الشُّذُوذُ
هُوَ مُخَالَفَةُ الثِّقَةِ لِمَن هُوَ أَوثَقُ مِنهُ بِأَن يَكُونَ فِي رِوَايَةِ الثِّقَةِ زِيَادَةٌ أَو نَقصٌ لَيسَ فِي رِوَايَةِ الأَوثَقِ بِحَيثُ لَا يُمكِنُ الجَمعُ أَو التَّوفِيقُ بَينَ مَا اِختَلَفَا فِيهِ.
Eccentricity : This term applies to a hadith narrated by a trustworthy transmitter that contradicts, either in the text or the chain, the narration of one who is more trustworthy than he is and no compromise can be made.
96- الشَّيخُ
هُوَ مَن يَأخُذُ عَنهُ الرَّاوِي أَو التِّلمِيذُ وَيُحَدِّثُ عَنهُ.
The Elder Narrator [Shaikh] : This is the one from whom a narrator or disciple transmits the tradition.
97- الشَّيخَانِ(1/15)
لَقَبٌ لِلإِمَامَينِ البُخَارِيِّ وَمُسلِمٍ.
The Two Scholars : This denotes the two Imams Al-Bukhari and Muslim.
98- الصَّحَابَةُ
الصَّحَابِيُّ هُوَ مَن لَقِيَ النَّبِيَّ مُسلِمًا، طَالَت مُجَالَسَتُهُ لَهُ أَو قَصُرَت، وَمَاتَ عَلَى الإِسلَامِ.
The Companions : This term applies to any Muslim who met the Prophet (peace be upon him), whether the meeting was long or short, and who ultimately died while still professing Islam.
99- الصَّحَابَةُ المُكثِرُونَ لِرِوَايَةِ الحَدِيثِ
هُم سَبعَةٌ مِنَ الصَّحَابَةِ اِشتَهَرُوا بِرِوَايَةِ حَدِيثِ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ وَاصطَلَحَ العُلَمَاءُ عَلَى تَسمِيَةِ مَن رَوَى أَكثَرَ مِن أَلفِ حَدِيثٍ مُكثِرًا. وَهَؤُلَاءِ السَّبعَةُ هُم: أَبُو هُرَيرَةَ - عَبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ عُمَرَ - أَنَسُ بنُ مَالِكٍ - السَّيِّدَةُ عَائِشَةُ - عَبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ عَبَّاسٍ - جَابِرُ بنُ عَبدِ اللَّهِ - أَبُو سَعِيدٍ الخُدرِيُّ.
The Oft-Narrating Companions : Scholars of Hadith agreed to give the title 'Oft-Narrating Companions' to anyone who narrated more than one thousand hadiths from the Prophet. It is largely applied to seven Companions who are: Abu Hurairah, `Abdullah bin `Umar, Anas bin Malik, `A'ishah (Mother of the Believers), `Abdullah bin `Abbas, Jabir bin `Abdullah and Abu Sa`id Al-Khudri.
100- الصِّحَّةُ
Authenticity
101- الصَّحِيحَانِ
الكِتَابَانِ اللَّذَانِ أَلَّفَهُمَا الإِمَامَانِ البُخَارِيُّ وَمُسلِمٌ فِي الحَدِيثِ.
The Two Sahihs : The two major books of Hadith compiled and classified by the two venerable Imams: Al-Bukhari and Muslim.
102- الضَّعفُ
فُقدَان شَرطٍ أَو أَكثَرَ مِن شُرُوطِ صِحَّةِ الحَدِيثِ.(1/16)
Weakness : This term applies to the case in which one or more conditions of hadith authenticity are lacking or missing.
103- الطَّرَفُ
هُوَ جُملَةٌ مُفِيدَةٌ مِن المَتنِ تَدُلُّ عَلَى قَولِ النَّبِيِّ أَو فِعلِهِ أَو تَقرِيرِهِ أَو صِفَتِهِ.
The Caption : A complete sentence quoted from the text of a hadith indicating a saying, deed, approval or attribute of the Prophet (peace be upon him).
104- العَدَالَةُ
مَلَكَةٌ تَحمِلُ عَلَى مُلَازَمَةِ التَّقوَى وَالمُرُوءَةِ.
Uprightness : A faculty and attribute leading one to adhere to piety and magnanimity, and to avoid grievous sins and innovation in religion.
105- العَرضُ
Showing : This refers to the narrator's compilation of the hadiths he narrated, then giving them to his elder scholar to verify them.
106- العِلَّةُ
هِيَ سَبَبٌ غَامِضٌ يَقدَحُ فِي صِحَّةِ الحَدِيثِ، فَالحَدِيثُ فِي ظَاهِرِهِ يَكُونُ مُستَجمِعًا لِبَقِيَّةِ شُرُوطِ الصِّحَّةِ غَيرَ أَنَّهُ يُوجَدُ سَبَبٌ خَفِيٌّ لَا يُدرِكُهُ إِلَّا أَكَابِرُ العُلَمَاءُ يَمنَعُ مِن الحُكمِ عَلَيهِ بِالصِّحَّةِ.
Blemish : A blemish is an unclear reason that negatively affects the authenticity of a hadith that may seemingly comply with the rest of the conditions of Hadith Validity. There may be an ambiguous reason, discerned only by scholars, that keeps the hadith from being designated as Authentic.
107- العُمُومُ
Generality
108- العَنعَنَةُ
هِيَ رِوَايَةُ الحَدِيثِ عَن فُلَانٍ عَن فُلَانٍ مِن غَيرِ لَفظٍ صَرِيحٍ بِالسَّمَاعِ أَوِ التَّحدِيثِ أَوِ الإِخبَارِ، بِشَرطِ أَن تَأتِيَ عَن رُوَاةٍ مُسَمَّينَ مَعرُوفِينَ.(1/17)
`An`anah (Literal Transmission) : This term applies to transmitting hadiths from a narrator who takes it from another one and so on without direct or plain words that give permission to hearsay, transmission or narration provided that these are carried out via well-known narrators.
109- الغَرَابَةُ
اِنفِرَادُ بَعضِ الرُّوَاةِ بِالحَدِيثِ فِي طَبَقَةٍ مِن طَبَقَاتِهِ.
Unfamiliarity : Singularity of some narrators in one of the stages of the chain of transmission of a given hadith.
110- الغَرِيبُ المُطلَقُ أَو الفَردُ المُطلَقُ
هُوَ مَا كَانَت الغَرَابَةُ فِي أَصلِ سَنَدِهِ أَي مَا رَوَاهُ رَاوٍ وَاحِدٌ فِي طَبَقَةِ الصَّحَابَةِ.
The Absolute Unfamiliar or the Absolute Singular Hadith : It is a hadith that has some sort of unfamiliarity in the origin of its chain of transmission in case that it has been narrated by just one Companion.
111- الغَرِيبُ النِّسبِيُّ
هُوَ مَا كَانَت الغَرَابَةُ فِي أَثنَاءِ السَّنَدِ فِيمَن بَعدَ التَّابِعِيِّ.
The Relatively Unfamiliar Hadith : It is a hadith that has some unfamiliarity within the after-the-Successor stage of the chain of transmission.
112- القَبُولُ
هُوَ قَبُولُ الرِّوَايَةِ وَالعَمَلُ بِهَا.
Acceptance : This refers to accepting the narration and acting according to it.
113- القِرَاءَةُ (العَرضُ)
هِيَ عَرضُ الرَّاوِي أَو التِّلمِيذِ مَا كَتَبَهُ أَو حَفِظَهُ عَلَى شَيخِهِ.
Reading : This refers to the narrator's or disciple's recital of what he committed to his memory or recorded before his elder scholar.
114- القُوَّةُ
Strength
115- الكِتَابَةُ(1/18)
هِيَ أَن يَكتُبَ الشَّيخُ مَا سَمِعَهُ أَو بَعضًا مِن حَدِيثِهِ لِحَاضِرٍ عِندَهُ أَو غَائِبٍ عَنهُ سَوَاءٌ كَتَبَ بِخَطِّهِ أَو كَتَبَ عَنهُ بِأَمرِهِ.
Writing : This term refers to the scholar's writing of all that he heard, or part of it, whether in his own handwriting or by having it done by another, for a person who is either present or absent.
116- اللِّقَاءُ
هُوَ اِلتِقَاءُ الرَّاوِي مَعَ شَيخِهِ مَعَ التَّثَبُّتِ مِن ذَلِكَ.
Meeting of Narrators : This term refers to a meeting of the narrator with his senior scholar and the ascertainment of the occurrence of this meeting.
117- المُؤتَلِفُ
هُوَ كُلُّ مَا يَأتَلِفُ أَي تَتَّفِقُ فِي الخَطِّ صُورَتُهُ وَتَختَلِفُ فِي اللَّفظِ صِيغَتُهُ.
Harmonious [Mu'talif] : This refers to whatever is spelled in the same way, but pronounced differently.
118- المُؤَدِّي
رَاوِي الحَدِيثِ حَالَ رِوَايَتِهِ لِمَن بَعدَهُ فِي السَّنَدِ.
Communicator : This term applies to the first narrator in the chain of transmission of any hadith.
119- المُبهَمُ
هُوَ الحَدِيثُ الَّذِي يُوجَدُ فِي سَنَدِهِ أَو مَتنِهِ رَجُلٌ أَو اِمرَأَةٌ لَم يُسَمَّيَا بَل عُبِّرَ عَنهُمَا بِلَفظٍ عَامٍّ.
Ambiguous : The term refers to any hadith whose text or chain of transmission has an ambiguity regarding the name of a narrator, whether man or woman.
120- المُتَأَخِّرُونَ
Later Scholars
121- المُتَابَعَةُ
هُوَ الحَدِيثُ المُشَارِكُ لِغَيرِهِ فِي اللَّفظِ أَو المَعنَى مَعَ الِاتِّحَادِ فِي الصَّحَابِيِّ.
Text-Related Appendage : A hadith whose wording or meaning is identical to another one reported by the same Companion.
122- المُتَابَعَةُ التَّامَّةُ(1/19)
هُوَ الحَدِيثُ المُشَارِكُ لِغَيرِهِ فِي اللَّفظِ أَوِ المَعنَى مَعَ الِاتِّحَادِ فِي الصَّحَابِيِّ مَعَ كَونِ المُشَارَكَةِ مِن أَوَّلِ السَّنَدِ.
Complete Hadith-Related Appendage : A hadith whose wording or meaning is identical, from the beginning of the chain of transmission, to another one reported by the same Companion.
123- المُتَابَعَةُ القَاصِرَةُ
هُوَ الحَدِيثُ المُشَارِكُ لِغَيرِهِ فِي اللَّفظِ أَوِ المَعنَى مَعَ الِاتِّحَادِ فِي الصَّحَابِيِّ مَعَ عَدَمِ كَونِ المُشَارَكَةِ مِن أَوَّلِ السَّنَدِ.
Incomplete Hadith-Related Appendage : A hadith whose wording or meaning is identical, but not from the beginning of the chain of transmission, to another one reported by the same Companion.
124- المُتَحَمِّلُ
هُوَ مَن يَقُومُ بِتَحَمُّلِ الحَدِيثِ وَرِوَايَتِهِ عَن شَيخِهِ الحَدِيث.
Bearer : This term applies to the one who bears the responsibility of reporting and narrating hadiths from his elder scholar.
125- المُتَشَابِهُ
هُوَ أَن تَتَّفِقَ أَسمَاءُ الرُّوَاةِ لَفظًا وَخَطًّا، وَتَختَلِفَ أَسمَاءُ الآبَاءِ لفظاً لَا خَطًّا أَو عَلَى العَكسِ.
The [Mutashabih] Similar : To have the narrators' names identical in spelling and pronunciation, while the names of their fathers are identical in spelling but different in pronunciation, or vice versa.
126- المُتَّفِقُ
هُوَ أَن تَتَّفِقَ أَسمَاءُ الرُّوَاةِ وَأَسمَاءُ آبَائِهِم.
Concordant [Muttafiq] : This means that the narrators have the same name and surname.
127- المَتنُ
هُوَ مَا يَنتَهِي إِلَيهِ السَّنَدُ مِن الكَلَامِ مِن غَيرِ اِعتِبَارِ كَونِهِ عَن النَّبِيِّ أَو عَن غَيرِهِ.(1/20)
The Text : It is the original words which the chain of transmitters meant to convey, whether narrated from the Prophet (peace be upon him) or from anyone else.
128- المُحَدِّثُ
هُوَ مَن يَشتَغِلُ بِعِلمِ الحَدِيثِ رِوَايَةً وَدِرَايَةً، وَيَطَّلِعُ عَلَى كَثِيرٍ مِن الرِّوَايَاتِ وَأَحوَالِ الرُّوَاةِ.
The Relater : It is the person who preoccupies himself with the study of Hadith and who is well-acquainted with many narrations as well as the conditions and status of their narrators.
129- المُخَضرَمُونَ
هُمُ الَّذِينَ عَاشُوا فِي الجَاهِلِيَّةِ وَفِي الإِسلَامِ وَمَاتُوا مُسلِمِينَ.
Contemporaneous of Two Epochs : This term applies to those who lived during the pre-Islamic era, witnessed the emergence of Islam and died Muslims.
130- المُدَبَّجُ
هُوَ أَن يَروِي القَرِينَانِ كُلُّ وَاحِدٍ مِنهُمَا عَن الآَخَرِ.
The Ornate [Mudbaj] Hadith : The narration of two peer transmitters from one another.
131- المَروِيَّاتُ
هِيَ المُصَنَّفَاتُ مِن المَسَانِيدِ وَالمَعَاجِمِ وَالأَجزَاءِ وَغَيرِهَا.
Narrated Materials : This term applies to the compilations of Hadith such as Musnads, Sahihs and Chapters.
132- المُسنِدُ
هُوَ مَن يَروِي الحَدِيثَ بِسَنَدِهِ سَوَاءٌ أَكَانَ عِندَهُ عِلمٌ أَم مُجَرَّدُ الرِّوَايَةِ.
One who Ascribes Hadiths
Ascriber : It is a title given to a person who narrates Hadith with its chain of narrators whether as a specialist in the field or as a mere narrator.
133- المُشَاهَدَةُ
الحَالَةُ الَّتِي عَلَيهَا غَالِبُ النَّاسِ.
Observation : Taking the usual state of most people into consideration.
134- المُعَاصَرَةُ(1/21)
هِيَ أَن يَعِيشَ الرَّاوِي فِي نَفسِ المُدَّةِ الزَّمَنِيَّةِ الَّتِي عَاشَ فِيهَا شَيخُهُ.
Contemporaneity : This means that the narrator lives in the same period in which his elder scholar lives.
135- المُعتَمِدُ
The Reliable [Al-Mu`tamid]
136- المَعدُومُ
هُوَ مَن لَم يُولَد بَعدُ.
Nonexistent
137- المُعَلَّلُ
هُوَ مَا فِيهِ أَسبَابٌ خَفِيَّةٌ غَامِضَةٌ قَادِحَةٌ وَالظَّاهِرُ السَّلَامَةُ مِنهَا لِجَمعِهِ شُرُوطَ القَبُولِ ظَاهِرًا.
Defected : Any hadith that has a hidden and ambiguously defective element while it apparently seems defectless by meeting all acceptability conditions.
138- المُفتَرِقُ
هُوَ أَن تَختَلِفُ أَسمَاءُ الرُّوَاةِ وَأَسمَاءُ آبَائِهِم.
Discordant [Muftariq] : This means that the names and surnames of narrators are different.
139- المُفرَدَاتُ
الفَردُ هُوَ الحَدِيثُ الَّذِي تَفَرَّدَ بِهِ رَاوٍ وَاحِدٌ فِي أَيِّ طَبَقَةٍ مِن طَبَقَاتِ السَّنَدِ وَيُسَمَّى بِالغَرِيبِ.
Unique Narration : This term, also called Unfamiliar Hadith, applies to a hadith reported only by one narrator in any stage of the chain of transmission.
140- المَقبُولُ
هُوَ مَن تُقبَلُ رِوَايَتُهُ.
Accepted : This term applies to a person whose narration is accepted
141- المُنَاوَلَةُ
هِيَ أَن يُعطِي الشَّيخُ الطَّالِبَ أَصلَ سَمَاعِهِ أَفرُعًا مُقَابِلًا بِهِ كِتَابَهُ وَيَقُولُ لَهُ "هَذِهِ رِوَايَتِي عَن فُلَانٍ فَاروِهِ عَنِّي".
Handing over : This refers to the scholar's delivery of his own original book of narration, or a copy of it to his disciple saying: 'Here are the hadiths which I reported from so-and-so, you may narrate them. '
142- المُهمَلُ(1/22)
هُوَ مَن اِتَّفَقَ الرُّوَاةُ فِي اِسمِهِ فَقَط أَو فِي كُنيَتِهِ فَقَط وَيَقَعُ ذِكرُهُ فِي السَّنَدِ مِن غَيرِ ذِكرِ الأَبِ أَو نِسبَةٍ تُمَيِّزُهُ، مَثَلَ حَمَّادٍ.
Neglected [Muhmal] : This refers to a narrator whose first name or nickname has been agreed upon by Hadith scholars. He is mentioned in the chain of transmission without his father's name or any other distinguishing attribute. An example of this is Hammad.
143- الوِجَادَةُ
هِيَ أَن يَجِدَ الرَّاوِي أَحَادِيثَ بِخَطِّ شَيخٍ يَعرِفُهُ لَم يَسمَعهَا مِن الشَّيخِ وَلَم يَأذَن لَهُ الشَّيخُ بِالرِّوَايَةِ عَنهُ.
Finding : This refers to the narrator's finding of some hadiths in the handwriting of a scholar whom he knows, but he neither heard them from the scholar nor did the scholar permit him to narrate or transmit them.
144- الوُحدَان
هُم مَن رَوَى عَنهُم رَاوٍ وَاحِدٌ فَقَط.
The Individuals : This term applies to those from whom just one narrator has transmitted hadiths.
145- الوَصِيَّةُ
هِيَ أَن يُوصِي الشَّيخُ بِكِتَابٍ يَروِيهِ عِندَ مَوتِهِ أَو سَفَرِهِ لِشَخصٍ.
Recommendation : Before his death or travel, a scholar may recommend a certain book to be narrated by a certain person.
146- بِدعَةٌ
هِيَ إِحدَاثُ أَمرٍ جَدِيدٍ فِي الدِّينِ لَم يَفعَلهُ النَّبِيُّ وَلَا الصَّحَابَةُ وَلَا التَّابِعِينَ.
Innovation in Religion : This term applies to introducing an invented matter in religion which was not done by the Prophet, the Companions or the Successors.
147- بَيَانُ المُجمَلِ(1/23)
مِثلُ الأَحَادِيثِ الَّتِي بَيَّنَت جَمِيعَ مَا يَتَعَلَّقُ بِصُوَرِ العِبَادَاتِ وَالأَحكَامِ مِن كَيفِيَّاتٍ وَشُرُوطٍ وَأَوقَاتٍ وَهَيئَاتٍ.
Providing details for the Concise Hadiths : Examples are the hadiths that explain and provide details for all that is related to the forms and status of acts of worship, their judgments, conditions and timing.
148- تَابِعُ الأَتبَاعِ
هُوَ مَن لَقِيَ وَاحِدًا فَأَكثَرَ مِن أَتبَاعِ التَّابِعِينَ وَأَخَذَ عَنهُ.
Follower of the Followers : It refers to a person who met one or more of the Followers of the Successors, from whom he transmitted hadiths, i. e., he was contemporary to the third generation after the Prophet.
149- تَخصِيصُ العَامِّ
كَالحَدِيثِ الَّذِي بَيَّنَ أَنَّ المُرَادَ مِن الظُّلمِ فِي قَولِهِ تَعَالَى: {الَّذِينَ آمَنُوا وَلَم يُلبِسُوا إِيمَانَهُم بِظُلمٍ} هُوَ الشِّركُ.
Specification of the Generalities : An example is the hadith that determines the meaning of the word 'wrong' in the Qur'anic verse {It is those who believe and confuse not their beliefs with wrong} to be 'polytheism'.
150- تَرَجُّحٌ
إِعطَاءُ الأَولَوِيَّةِ لِشَيءٍ مَا.
Precedence : This means giving priority to something.
151- تَعلِيقَاتُ البُخَارِيِّ وَمُسلِمٍ
هِيَ الأَحَادِيثُ الَّتِي عَلَّقَهَا البُخَارِيُّ وَمُسلِمٌ فِي صَحِيحَيهِمَا.
Suspended Hadiths of Al-Bukhari and Muslim : These are the hadiths suspended by the two Imams Al-Bukhari and Muslim in their Sahihs.
152- تَقرِيرٌ(1/24)
Tacit Approval : This term refers to the Prophet's tacit approval of any thing, by seeing some action and not prohibiting or showing disapproval of it. Accordingly, this action will be judged allowable.
153- تَقسِيمَاتٌ
Classifications
154- تَقيِيدُ المُطلَقِ
كَالأَحَادِيثِ الَّتِي بَيَّنَتِ المُرَادَ مِن اليَدِ فِي قَولِهِ تَعَالَى: {وَالسَّارِقُ وَالسَّارِقَةُ فَاقطَعُوا أَيدِيَهُمَا}، أَنَّهَا اليَدُ اليُمنَى وَأَنَّ القَطعَ مِن الرُّسغِ لَا مِن المِرفَقِ.
Limitation of the Absolute Hadiths : Examples are the hadiths that determine what is meant by the word 'hands' mentioned in the Qur'anic verse that reads: {As to the thief, male or female, cut off his or her hands}, that it is the right hand, and the act of amputation begins from the wrist not from the elbow.
155- تَوثِيقٌ
وَصفُ الرَّاوِي بِأَنَّهُ ثِقَةٌ.
Authorization : This term refers to considering the narrator as an authority in his narration.
156- تَوضِيحُ المُشكِلِ
كَالحَدِيثِ الَّذِي بَيَّنَ المُرَادَ مِنَ الخَيطَينِ {وَكُلُوا وَاشرَبُوا حَتَّى يَتَبَيَّنَ لَكُمُ الخَيطُ الأَبيَضُ مِنَ الخَيطِ الأَسوَدِ مِنَ الفَجرِ}، هُمَا بَيَاضُ النَّهَارِ وَسَوَادُ اللَّيلِ.
Clarifying the Obscure : An example of this is the hadith that explains the two 'threads' in the Qur'anic verse that reads {And eat and drink until the white thread of dawn appears to you distinct from its black thread} to be the daylight and the darkness of the night.
157- ثِقَةٌ ثَبتٌ
إِحدَى صِيَغِ الوَصفِ.
Firm Authority : One of the forms of describing narrators.
158- ثِقَةٌ ثِقَةٌ
إِحدَى صِيَغِ الوَصفِ.(1/25)
The Trustworthy Authority : One of the forms of describing narrators.
159- حَدَثَنَا وَحَدَّثَنِي
تُستَخدَمُ فِي السَّمَاعِ مِن لَفظِ الشَّيخِ وَتَلِي (سَمِعتُ) فِي المَرتَبَةِ.
He reported to us or to me : This form comes second after (I heard), and it is used to indicate the act of hearing from the elder scholar.
160- حَدِيثٌ مُتَوَاتِرٌ تَوَاتُرًا لَفظِيًّا
أَن يَكُونَ تَوَاتُرُهُ فِي وَاقِعَةٍ وَاحِدَةٍ وَلَو بِأَلفَاظٍ مُتَرَادِفَةٍ وَأَسَالِيبَ كَثِيرَةٍ مُتَّفِقَةٍ عَلَى إِفَادَةِ المَعنَى المُطَابِقَةِ فِي الوَاقِعَةِ الوَاحِدَةِ.
Verbally Recurrent Hadith : A hadith, telling about the same incident as another narration, handed down from one narrator to another. Though its wording may be different, it gives the same meaning
161- حَدِيثٌ مُتَوَاتِرٌ تَوَاتُرًا مَعنَوِيًّا
أَن يَكُونَ تَوَاتُرُهُ فِي وَقَائِعَ مُختَلِفَةٍ مُشتَرَكَةٍ فِي مَعنًى مُتَّحِدٍ دَالَّةً عَلَيهِ بِطَرِيقِ التَّضمِينِ.
Meaningfully Recurrent Hadith : A hadith handed down from one narrator to another, telling about different incidents with a common meaning indicated implicitly as that of another narration.
162- خَفِيفُ الضَّبطِ
الرَّاوِي الأَقَلُّ ضَبطًا مِن رَاوِي الحَدِيثِ الصَّحِيحِ.
Infirm Verifier : It refers to a narrator who has less ability in verification than the narrator of the Authentic Hadith.
163- دَرَجَاتُ الحَدِيثِ
هِيَ عَمَلِيَّةُ تَقسِيمِ الحَدِيثِ إِلَى عِدَّةِ أَنوَاعٍ مِن حَيثُ الصِّحَّةِ والحُسنِ وَالضَّعفِ.
Ranks of Hadith : This refers to the process of ranking hadiths in terms of authenticity, goodness and weakness.
164- دَوَاعِي
Justifications
165- رَاوِي(1/26)
هُوَ مَن يَقُومُ بِنَقلِ الحَدِيثِ مِمَّن هُوَ أَعلَى مِنهُ فِي دَرَجَاتِ الرِّوَايَةِ.
Narrator : This term applies to the one who transmits the hadith from his elder narrator.
166- رُتبَة
Rank
167- رَفعٌ تَصرِيحِيٌّ
هُوَ الَّذِي فِيهِ إِضَافَةُ القَولِ أَو الفِعلِ أَو التَّقرِيرِ إِلَى النَّبِيِّ صَرَاحَةً.
Explicit Traceability : It is a hadith in which a word, deed, or approval is explicitly traced back to the Prophet (peace be upon him).
168- رَفعٌ حُكمِيٌّ
هُوَ الَّذِي لَم يُضِفهُ الصَّحَابِيُّ إِلَى النَّبِيِّ أَي لَم يُصَرِّح فِيهِ بِقَولِهِ: قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيهِ وَسَلَّمَ أَو فَعَلَ أَو فَعَلَ بِحَضرَتِهِ.
Implicit Traceability : It is a hadith that is not explicitly traced back to the Prophet (peace be upon him) by a Companion. In other words, he does not say, "Allah's Messenger said thus . . . ", or "He did thus . . . ", or "It was done in the Prophet's presence. "
169- رِوَايَةٌ
هِيَ نَقلُ السَّنَدِ وَالمَتنِ عَن رَسُولِ اللَّهِ وَكُلِّ مَا جَاءَ عَنهُ صَلَّى اللَّه عَلَيهِ وَسَلَّمَ.
Transmission : This term refers to narrating the chain of transmission and the text of hadiths from the Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him) and all that survived of his Tradition.
170- رِوَايَةُ الأَكَابِرِ
أَن يَروِيَ الكَبِيرُ فِي السِّنِّ أَو القَدرِ عَمَّن هُوَ دُونَهُ فِي كُلٍّ مِنهُمَا أَو فِيهِمَا.
Narration of the Elders : The term refers to the transmission of a narrator from someone whom he exceeds whether in age or status or in both.
171- رِوَايَةُ السَّابِقِ عَن اللَّاحِقِ(1/27)
هُوَ أَن يَشتَرِكَ فِي الرِّوَايَةِ عَن شَيخٍ اِثنَانِ تَبَاعَدَ مَا بَينَ وَفَاتِهِمَا.
Narration of the Former from the Latter : The term applies to the transmission of two narrators, whose deaths were far apart, but who transmitted from the same elder scholar.
172- سَمِعتُ
هِيَ أَرفَعُ العِبَارَاتِ وَهِيَ صَرِيحَةٌ فِي السَّمَاعِ.
I heard [Sami`tu] : This form is the most assured one and it indicates the act of hearing openly.
173- سُنَّةٌ
طَرِيقَةُ حَيَاةٍ.
Manner of Conduct
174- شُرُوطٌ
Stipulations
175- شَيخُ الإِسلَامِ
لَقَبٌ يُعطَى لِأَعلَمِ وَأَفقَهِ أَهلِ زَمَانِهِ وَمِنهُمُ ابنُ تَيمِيَّةَ فِي عَصرِهِ.
Scholar of Islam : This is a title given to the most knowledgeable person of his own era such as Ibn Taimiah.
176- صَحِيحٌ لِذَاتِهِ
هُوَ مَا اِتَّصَلَ سَنَدُهُ بِنَقلِ العَدلِ الضَّابِطِ عَن العَدلِ الضَّابِطِ إِلَى مُنتَهَاهُ مِن غَيرِ شُذُوذٍ وَلَا عِلَّةٍ.
Authentic by Its Own Virtue : The term refers to a hadith whose chain of narrators has been transmitted, from beginning to end, by truly pious persons who have been known for their uprightness and exactitude, and the hadith is free from eccentricity and blemish.
177- صَحِيحٌ لِغَيرِهِ
هُوَ مَا لَم يَشتَمِل عَلَى أَعلَى صِفَاتِ القَبُولِ.
Authentic by Virtue of Another Hadith : This term refers to a hadith deemed Good on its own virtue in the case where it is narrated by one or more chains.
178- صِفَاتُ الرُّوَاةِ
Narrator's characteristics
179- صِيَغُ الأَدَاءِ
هِيَ اَلصِّيَغُ المُختَلِفَةُ الَّتِي يَستَخدِمُهَا الرَّاوِي فِي رِوَايَتِهِ لِلحَدِيثِ.(1/28)
Forms of Performance : These are the various forms used by a narrator to transmit the hadith.
180- صِيَغُ التَّحدِيثِ
جَرَى الِاصطِلَاحُ عَلَى تَخصِيصِ بَعضِ الأَلفَاظِ لِكُلِّ طَرِيقَةٍ مِن طُرُقِ التَّحَمُّلِ.
Forms of Transmission : The norm is that some terms are assigned to each method or way of transmitting the narration.
181- صِيغَةُ أَدَاءٍ
أَلفَاظٌ مُعَيَّنَةٌ يَنقُلُ الرَّاوِي بِهَا الحَدِيثَ وَيَروِيهِ.
Way of Performance : Certain formula through which the narrator transmits a hadith.
182- ضَبطُ الرُّوَاةِ
هُوَ تَثَبُّتُ كُلٍّ مِنهُم مِن الحِفظِ والسَّلَامَةِ مِن الخَطَأِ أَو الوَهمِ وَالقُدرَةِ عَلَى اِستِحضَارِ مَا حَفِظَهُ، وَيُشتَرَطُ هَذَا فِي جَمِيعِ رُوَاةِ الحَدِيثِ مِن أَوَّلِ السَّنَدِ إِلَى آخِرِهِ.
Verification of Narrators : It is stipulated that all narrators included in the chain of transmission have learned the narrations by heart, avoiding error and illusion, and have the ability to recall anything of what has been already memorized at any time.
183- ضَبطُ صَدرٍ
هُوَ أَن يَثبُتَ مَا سَمِعَهُ فِي صَدرِهِ بِحَيثُ يَتَذَكَّرُهُ مَتَى شَاءَ.
Verification through Memorizing : This term is used to indicate the act of committing something to one's heart to facilitate retrieving it whenever needed.
184- ضَبطُ كِتَابٍ
هُوَ أَن يَكُونَ رِوَايَتُهُ مِن كِتَابٍ عِندَهُ يَصُونُهُ وَيُصَحِّحُهُ.
Verification through Writing : This term is used to indicate that the narrator transmits his hadiths from a book that he keeps.
185- ضَعفٌ حِسِّيٌّ
Material Weakness
186- ضَعفٌ مَعنَوِيٌّ
Abstract Weakness
187- طَبَقَةٌ(1/29)
هُم القَومُ المُتَعَاصِرُونَ إِذَا تَقَارَبُوا فِي السِّنِّ وَفِي الإِسنَادِ، وَمَعنَى التَّقَارُبِ فِي الإِسنَادِ أَن يَكُونَ شُيُوخَ هَذَا هُم شُيُوخُ الآخَرِ أَو يُقَارِبُوا شُيُوخَهُ.
Class/Category : This term is applied to contemporaneous narrators who are close to each other in age and transmission. Narrators' closeness in transmission means having the same elder scholars, or others approaching them in age.
188- طَبَقَةُ الرُّوَاةِ
هُم الجَمَاعَةُ المُتَشَابِهُونَ فِي السِّنِّ وَلَو تَقرِيبًا وَفِي لِقَاءِ الشُّيُوخَ.
Classes of Narrators : This term refers to narrators of similar status such as nearness in age, even approximately and in terms of meeting with elder narrators.
189- طُرُقُ التَّحَمُّلِ
يُقصَدُ بِطُرُقِ التَّحَمُّلِ الطُّرُقُ الَّتِي أَخَذَ الرَّاوِي بِهَا الحَدِيثَ وَتَلَقَّاهُ عَن شُيُوخِهِ.
Hadith-Receiving Methods : The methods by which a narrator receives a hadith from his scholars.
190- عَدلٌ
هُوَ مَن عِندَهُ مَلَكَةٌ تَحمِلُ عَلَى مُلَازَمَةِ التَّقوَى وَالمُرُوءَةِ.
A Trustworthy Person : This is one who has the faculty within himself prompting him to adhere to piety and magnanimity, and to avoid grievous sins and innovation in religion.
191- عَدلٌ ضَابِطٌ
إِحدَى صِيَغِ الوَصفِ.
Authorized Verifier : One of the forms of describing narrators.
192- عَزوُ الحَدِيثِ
ذِكرُ مَن خَرَّجَ الحَدِيثَ مِن أَصحَابِ المُصَنَّفَاتِ فِي الحَدِيثِ.
Hadith Ascription : Mentioning the name of whoever compiled or classified a given hadith.
193- عَلَامَاتُ الوَضعِ
هِيَ العَلَامَاتُ الَّتِي تُبَيِّنُ أَنَّ هَذَا الحَدِيثَ مُفتَرًى وَمَكذُوبٌ.(1/30)
Signs of Invention : These are the marks and signs that show that a certain hadith is fabricated.
194- عِلمُ الحَدِيثِ دِرَايَةً
هُوَ عِلمٌ يُعرَفُ مِنهُ حَقِيقَةُ الرِّوَايَةِ وَشُرُوطُهَا وَأَنوَاعُهَا وَأَحكَامُهَا وَحَالُ الرُّوَاةِ وَشُرُوطُهُم وَأَصنَافُ المَروِيَّاتِ وَمَا يَتَعَلَّقُ بِهَا.
Knowing the Prophetic Tradition : This term refers to the science by which the essence of narration, its conditions, types, rules, narrators' status and conditions and related issues are identified.
195- عِلمُ الحَدِيثِ رِوَايَةً
هُوَ العِلمُ الَّذِي يَختَصُّ بِنَقلِ أَقوَالِ النَّبِيِّ وَأَفعَالِهِ وَرِوَايَتِهِمَا وَضَبطِهِمَا وَتَحرِيرِهِمَا.
Transmitting the Prophetic Tradition : This term refers to the scientific approach to transmitting, verifying and scrutinizing the Prophet's sayings and practices.
196- عِلمُ الرِّجَالِ
هُوَ العِلمُ الَّذِي يَبحَثُ فِي أَحوَالِ الرُّوَاةِ وَبَيَانِ مَدَى عَدَالَتِهِم.
Study of Narrators : This term applies to the field of study concerned with explaining the status of narrators and the extent of their uprightness.
197- عِلمُ مُصطَلَحِ الحَدِيثِ
هُوَ عَلِمٌ بِأُصُولٍ وَقَوَاعِدَ يُعرَفُ بِهِ أَحوَالُ السَّنَدِ وَالمَتنِ مِن حَيثُ القَبُولِ وَالرَّدِّ.
The Study of Hadith Terminology : A collection of principles that distinguish the weakness from the strength of hadith narrators and text in terms of acceptance or rejection.
198- عُلَمَاءُ الحَدِيِث
هُم المُهتَمُّونَ بِمَعرِفَةِ أَحوَالِ السَّنَدِ وَالمَتنِ مِن حَيثُ القَبُولِ وَالرَّدِّ.(1/31)
Scholars of Hadith : Scholars interested in determining the status of a hadith text and chains of transmission in terms of acceptance or rejection.
199- غَرِيبُ الحَدِيثِ
هُوَ مَا وَقَعَ فِي مَتنِ الحَدِيثِ مِن لَفظَةٍ غَامِضَةٍ بَعِيدَةٍ مِن الفَهمِ لِقِلَّةِ اِستِعمَالِهَا.
Hadith Difficult Terms : These are the unintelligible terms, included in the text of a hadith, due to their rare usage.
200- غَيرُ مُعَيَّنٍ
An Unidentified Material/Person
201- غَيرُ مُغَفَّلٍ
أَحَدُ أَحوَالِ الرُّوَاةِ أَن يَكُونَ مَستُورَ الحَالِ بِالنِّسبَةِ لِأَحكَامِ الجَرحِ وَالتَّعدِيلِ.
Attentive : This is one of the narrators' status in terms of the Validating and Invalidating principles.
202- فِعلٌ
Deed : This term refers to all deeds attributed to the Prophet (peace be upon him).
203- فَقدُ اِتِّصَالِ السَّنَدِ
قُصِدَ بِهِ أَن لَا يَكُونَ بَينَ رُوَاةِ السَّنَدِ تَرَابُطٌ عِلمِيٌّ بِحَيثُ لَا يَتَلَقَّى اللَّاحِقُ عَن السَّابِقِ وَالمُتَحَمِّلُ عَنِ المُؤَدِّي، يَكُونُ بَينَ اِثنَينِ مِن رُوَاةِ الحَدِيثِ فَجوَةٌ زَمَنِيَّةٌ أَو مَكَانِيَّةٌ يَتَعَذَّرُ مَعَهَا اللِّقَاءُ أَو يَستَحِيلُ التَّلَقِّي.
Disconnected Chain of Transmission : A chain of transmission which is interrupted in such a manner that it is not logically proved that the succeeding narrator had received a hadith from the preceding one. Therefore, a temporal or locational gap does exist rendering the succeeding narrator's meeting with the preceding one unrealizable.
204- فَقدُ العَدَالَةِ
هُوَ فَقدُ أَحَدِ الشُّرُوطِ المَطلُوبَةِ لِكَونِ أَو لِاعتِبَارِ الرَّاوِي عَدلًا.(1/32)
Lack of Uprightness : This term applies to the lack of one of the conditions required for considering the narrator just and upright.
205- فُلَانٌ
إِشَارَةٌ لِأَحَدِ الرُّوَاةِ الَّذِينَ أَخَذَ عَنهُم الرَّاوِي وَلَم يَجرِ ذِكرُهُم فِي الإِسنَادِ.
So and so : Refers to one of the elder narrators from whom the narrator reported the narration but whose name is not mentioned in the chain of transmission.
206- قَولٌ
Word : This term refers to all sayings attributed to the Prophet (peace be upon him).
207- كُنيَةٌ
Nickname
208- لَطَائِف
Subtleties
209- لَفظُ العُمُومِ
Unspecified Word
210- لَفظًا
أَي الحَدِيثُ بِلَفظِهِ لَا مَعنَاهُ.
Verbally : This term applies to the exact wording of the hadith, not its meaning alone.
211- لَقَبٌ
Cognomen
212- مَا اِتُّفِقَ عَلَيهِ
هُوَ مَا اِتَّفَقَ عَلَيهِ الشَّيخَانِ البُخَارِيُّ وَمُسلِمٌ وَذَكَرَاهُ فِي صَحِيحَيهِمَا.
Agreed-Upon : This is what the two Imams, Al-Bukhari and Muslim, agreed upon and compiled in their two Sahihs. The term refers to hadiths compiled by both Al-Bukhari and Muslim.
213- مَا تَفَرَّدَ بِهِ
هُوَ مَا لَم يَتَّفِق عَلَيهِ الإِمَامَانِ البُخَارِيُّ وَمُسلِمٌ وَذَكَرَهُ أَحَدُهُمَا فِي صَحِيحِهِ.
Compiled Only by : This is what the two Imams, Al-Bukhari and Muslim, did not agree upon, but is contained in the Sahih of one of them.
214- مُبهَمُ السَّنَدِ
هُوَ مَن أُبهِمَ اِسمُهُ فِي المَتنِ أَو فِي السَّنَدِ مِن الرِّجَالِ وَالنِّسَاءِ.
Ambiguity of the Chain of Transmission : A transmitter, whether man or woman, whose name is not clear in the text or chain of transmitters.
215- مُتَعَاصِرُونَ(1/33)
هُم الرُّوَاةُ الَّذِينَ عَاشُوا فِي نَفسِ الفَترَةِ الزَّمَنِيَّةِ.
Contemporaneous Narrators : This term refers to the narrators who lived in the same era.
216- مُحَرَّفٌ
التَّحرِيفُ: هُوَ التَّغيِيرُ بِالشَّكلِ.
Misspelled : Technically the term refers to changing the form of word vowelization.
217- مُختَصِرٌ
هُوَ مَن يَقُومُ بِاختِصَارِ الحَدِيثِ.
Summarizer : This term applies to the one who summarizes hadiths.
218- مُدَلِّسٌ
هُوَ مَن سَمِعَ مِن شَيخِهِ أَحَادِيثَ وَأَضَافَ عَلَيهَا مِن عِندِهِ.
Fraudulent : This refers to a narrator who heard some hadiths from his elder scholar and added some others on his own.
219- مَرَاتِبُ الجَرحِ
هِيَ الدَّرَجَاتُ الَّتِي تُنَظِّمُ الرُّوَاةَ مِن حَيثُ الصِّفَاتِ القَادِحَةِ فِي عَدَالَتِهِم.
Ranks of Invalidation : These are the ranks that deal with the attributes that invalidate a narrator's justness and uprightness.
220- مَرَاتِبُ العَدَالَةِ
هِيَ الدَّرَجَاتُ الَّتِي تُنَظِّمُ الرُّوَاةَ مِن حَيثُ عَدَالَتِهِم وَهِيَ سِتَّةُ مَرَاتِبَ مَأثُورَةٌ عَن اِبنِ حَجَرٍ.
Ranks of Uprightness : These are the ranks of the narrators in terms of uprightness; there are six ranks as stated by Ibn Hajar(1/34)