ßóãóÇ Ãóäøó ÕöÏøöíÞó ÇáúÃõãøóÉö ÃóÈóÇ ÈóßúÑò¡ æóÚõãóÑó¡ æóÚõËúãóÇäó¡ æóÚóáöíøðÇ¡ æóØóáúÍóÉó¡ æóÇáÒøõÈóíúÑó¡ æóÃóãúËóÇáóåõãú ãöäó ÇáÓøóÇÈöÞöíäó ÇáúÃóæøóáöíäó¡ áóãøóÇ ÊóÈóíøóäó áóåõãú Ãóäøó ãõÍóãøóÏðÇ - Õóáøóì Çááøóåõ Úóáóíúåö æóÓóáøóãó - ÑóÓõæáõ Çááøóåö ÂãóäõæÇ Èöåö (1) ¡ æóáóãú íóÍúÊóÇÌõæÇ ãóÚó Ðóáößó ãöäó ÇáúÎóæóÇÑöÞö Åöáóì ãóÇ ÇÍúÊóÇÌó Åöáóíúåö ãóäú áóãú íóÚúÑöÝú ßóãóÚúÑöÝóÊöåöãú.
æóãóÚúÑöÝóÉõ ÇáúÍóÞøö áóåõ ÃóÓúÈóÇÈñ ãõÊóÚóÏøöÏóÉñ¡ æóÞóÏú äóÈøóåúäóÇ Úóáóì Ðóáößó Ýöí ÛóíúÑö åóÐóÇ ÇáúãóæúÖöÚö¡ Ýöí ÊóÞúÑöíÑö ÇáÑøöÓóÇáóÉö æóÃóÚúáóÇãö ÇáäøõÈõæøóÉö¡ æóÈóíøóäøóÇ Ãóäøó ÇáØøóÑöíÞó Åöáóì ãóÚúÑöÝóÉö ÕöÏúÞö ÇáÑøóÓõæáö ßóËöíÑóÉñ ÌöÏøðÇ¡ æóÃóäøó ØóÑöíÞó ÇáúãõÚúÌöÒóÇÊö ØóÑöíÞñ ãöäó ÇáØøõÑõÞö¡ æóÃóäøó ãóäú ÞóÇáó ãöäó ÇáäøõÙøóÇÑö: (* Åöäøó ÊóÕúÏöíÞó ÇáÑøóÓõæáö áóÇ íõãúßöäõ ÅöáøóÇ ÈöÇáúãõÚúÌöÒóÉö¡ ßóÇäó ßóãóäú ÞóÇáó: Åöäøó ãóÚúÑöÝóÉó ÇáÕøóÇäöÚö áóÇ ÊóÍúÕõáõ ÅöáøóÇ ÈöÇáúãóÚúÑöÝóÉö ÈöÍõÏõæËö ÇáúÚóÇáóãö (2) .
æóåóÐóÇ æóÃóãúËóÇáõåõ ãöãøóÇ íóÞõæáõåõ ßóËöíÑñ ãöäó ÇáäøõÙøóÇÑö *) (3) ÇáøóÐöíäó íóÍúÕõÑõæäó äóæúÚðÇ ãöäó ÇáúÚöáúãö ÈöÏóáöíáò ãõÚóíøóäò íóÏøóÚõæäó Ãóäøóåõ áóÇ íóÍúÕõáõ ÅöáøóÇ ÈöÐóáößó¡ ãöãøóÇ ÃóæúÌóÈó ÊóÝóÑøõÞó ÇáäøóÇÓö¡ ÝóØóÇÆöÝóÉñ ÊõæóÇÝöÞõåõãú Úóáóì Ðóáößó ; ÝóíõæÌöÈõæäó Úóáóì ßõáøö ÃóÍóÏò ãóÇ áóãú íõæÌöÈúåõ Çááøóåõ æóÑóÓõæáõåõ¡ áóÇ ÓöíøóãóÇ Åöäú ßóÇäó Ðóáößó ÇáØøóÑöíÞõ ÇáøóÐöí ÇÓúÊóÏóáøõæÇ Èöåö ãóÞúÏõæÍðÇ Ýöí ÈóÚúÖö ãõÞóÏøöãóÇÊöåö¡ ßóÃóÏöáøóÊöåöãú Úóáóì ÍõÏõæËö ÇáúÚóÇáóãö ÈöÍõÏõæËö ÇáúÃóÌúÓóÇãö.
æóØóÇÆöÝóÉñ ÊóÞúÏóÍõ Ýöí ÇáØøõÑõÞö (4) ÇáäøóÙóÑöíøóÉö ÌõãúáóÉð¡ æóÊóÓõÏøõ ÈóÇÈó ÇáäøóÙóÑö æóÇáúãõäóÇÙóÑóÉö¡ æóÊóÏøóÚöí ÊóÍúÑöíãó Ðóáößó ãõØúáóÞðÇ¡ æóÇÓúÊöÛúäóÇÁó ÇáäøóÇÓö Úóäúåõ¡ ÝóÊóÞóÚõ ÇáúÝöÊúäóÉõ Èóíúäó åóÄõáóÇÁö æóåóÄõáóÇÁö (5) .
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(1) Èöåö: ÓóÇÞöØóÉñ ãöäú (Ó) ¡ (È) .
(2) ÇäúÙõÑú Ýöí Ðóáößó ÇáúÞóÇÚöÏóÉó ÇáúßõáøöíøóÉó ÇáøóÊöí ÐóßóÑóåóÇ ÇÈúäõ ÊóíúãöíøóÉó ÈöÚõäúæóÇäö " ÞóÇÚöÏóÉñ ÃóæøóáöíøóÉñ: ÃóÕúáõ ÇáúÚöáúãö ÇáúÅöáóåöíøö æóãóÈúÏóÄõåõ æóÏóáöíáõåõ ÇáúÃóæøóáõ. . ÅöáóÎú Ýöí " ãóÌúãõæÚö ÝóÊóÇæóì ÇáÑøöíóÇÖö " 2/1 - 97
(3) ãóÇ Èóíúäó ÇáäøóÌúãóÊóíúäö ÓóÇÞöØñ ãöäú (ã) .
(4) ã: ÇáØøóÑöíÞö
(5) Ó¡ È: Èóíúäó åóÄõáóÇÁö æóÈóíúäó åóÄõáóÇÁö æóåóÄõáóÇÁö(8/207)
æóÍóÞöíÞóÉõ ÇáúÃóãúÑö Ãóäøó ØõÑõÞó ÇáúÚöáúãö ãõÊóÚóÏøöÏóÉñ¡ æóÞóÏú íõÛúäöí Çááøóåõ ßóËöíÑðÇ ãöäó ÇáäøóÇÓö Úóäú Êöáúßó ÇáØøõÑõÞö ÇáúãõÚóíøóäóÉö¡ Èóáú Úóäö ÇáäøóÙóÑö ÈöÚõáõæãò ÖóÑõæÑöíøóÉò ÊóÍúÕõáõ áóåõãú¡ æóÅöäú ßóÇäóÊö ÇáúÚöÈóÇÏóÉõ ÞóÏú ÊõÚöÏøõ ÇáäøóÝúÓó áöÊöáúßó ÇáúÚõáõæãö ÇáÖøóÑõæÑöíøóÉö ÍóÊøóì ÊõÍóÕøöáó ÅöáúåóÇãðÇ. æóØóÇÆöÝóÉñ ãöäó ÇáäøóÇÓö íóÍúÊóÇÌõæäó Åöáóì ÇáäøóÙóÑö. Ãóæú Åöáóì Êöáúßó ÇáØøõÑõÞö: ÅöãøóÇ áöÚóÏóãö ãóÇ íóÍúÕõáõ áöÛóíúÑöåöãú¡ æóÅöãøóÇ áöÔõÈóåò ÚóÑóÖóÊú áóåõãú áóÇ (1) ÊóÒõæáõ ÅöáøóÇ ÈöÇáäøóÙóÑö.
æóßóÐóáößó [ßóËöíÑñ] (2) ãöäó ÇáúÃóÍúæóÇáö ÇáøóÊöí ÊóÚúÑöÖõ áöÈóÚúÖö ÇáÓøóÇáößöíäó (3) : ãöäó (4) ÇáÕøóÚúÞö æóÇáúÛóÔúíö æóÇáöÇÖúØöÑóÇÈö ÚöäúÏó ÇáÐøößúÑö æóÓóãóÇÚö ÇáúÞõÑúÂäö æóÛóíúÑöåö¡ æóãöäó ÇáúÝóäóÇÁö Úóäú ÔõåõæÏö ÇáúãóÎúáõæÞóÇÊö¡ ÈöÍóíúËõ íóÕúØóáöãõ (5) æóíóÈúÞóì áóÇ íóÔúåóÏõ ÞóáúÈõåõ ÅöáøóÇ Çááøóåó¡ ÍóÊøóì íóÛöíÈó ÈöãóÔúåõæÏöåö Úóäú äóÝúÓöåö. Ýóãöäó ÇáäøóÇÓö ãóäú íóÌúÚóáõ åóÐóÇ áóÇÒöãðÇ áóÇ ÈõÏøó áößõáøö ãóäú Óóáóßó (6) ãöäúåõ¡ æóãöäúåõãú ãóäú íóÌúÚóáõåõ åõæó ÇáúÛóÇíóÉó æóáóÇ ãóÞóÇãó æóÑóÇÁóåõ¡ æóãöäúåõãú ãóäú íóÞúÏóÍõ Ýöí åóÐóÇ¡ æóíóÌúÚóáõåõ ãöäó ÇáúÈöÏóÚö ÇáøóÊöí áóãú ÊõäúÞóáú Úóäö ÇáÕøóÍóÇÈóÉö.
æóÇáÊøóÍúÞöíÞõ Ãóäøó åóÐóÇ ÃóãúÑñ [íóÞóÚõ] (7) áöÈóÚúÖö ÇáÓøóÇáößöíäó ÈöÍóÓóÈö ÞõæøóÉö ÇáúæóÇÑöÏö
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(1) ã: æóáóÇ. .
(2) ßóËöíÑñ: ÓóÇÞöØóÉñ ãöäú (ä) ¡ (Ó) ¡ (È) .
(3) ä¡ ã¡ ÇáúãóÓóÇßöíäö¡ Ó: ÇáúãóÔóÇßöíäö.
(4) ä¡ ã¡ Ó: Ýöí.
(5) ÞóÇáó ÇÈúäõ ÚóÑóÈöíøò Ýöí " ÇÕúØöáóÇÍóÇÊö ÇáÕøõæÝöíøóÉö " ÇáúæóÇÑöÏóÉö Ýöí ÇáúÝõÊõæÍóÇÊö ÇáúãóßøöíøóÉö (Ø. ãóÚó ÇáÊøóÚúÑöíÝóÇÊö áöáúÌõÑúÌóÇäöíøö) : " ÇáöÇÕúØöáóÇãõ: äóæúÚõ æóáóåò íóÑöÏõ Úóáóì ÇáúÞóáúÈö ÝóíóÓúßõäõ ÊóÍúÊó ÓõáúØóÇäöåö ". æóÞóÇáó ÇáúÞóÇÔóÇäöíøõ Ýöí ßöÊóÇÈöåö " ÇÕúØöáóÇÍóÇÊö ÇáÕøõæÝöíøóÉö " Õ 30 (Ø. ÇáúåóíúÆóÉö ÇáúÚóÇãøóÉö áöáúßöÊóÇÈö ÊóÍúÞöíÞö ÇáÏøõßúÊõæÑ ãõÍóãøóÏ ßóãóÇá ÌóÚúÝóÑ¡ ÇáúÞóÇåöÑóÉö 1981) : " ÇáöÇÕúØöáóÇãõ åõæó Çáúæóáóåõ ÇáúÛóÇáöÈõ Úóáóì ÇáúÞóáúÈö¡ æóåõæó ÞóÑöíÈñ ãöäó ÇáúåóíóãóÇäö "
(6) ä¡ ã¡ Ó: ÓóÇáó æóåõæó ÊóÍúÑöíÝñ
(7) íóÞóÚõ: ÓóÇÞöØóÉñ ãöäú (ä) ¡ (ã) .(8/208)
Úóáóíúåö¡ æóÖóÚúÝö ÇáúÞóáúÈö Úóäö ÇáÊøóãúßöíäö ÈöÍõÈøöåö. Ýóãóäú áóãú íóÌöÏú Ðóáößó: ÞóÏú íóßõæäõ áößóãóÇáö ÞõæøóÊöåö æóßóãóÇáö ÅöíãóÇäöåö¡ æóÞóÏú íóßõæäõ áöÖóÚúÝö ÅöíãóÇäöåö¡ ãöËúáó ßóËöíÑò ãöäó ÇáúÈóØøóÇáöíäó æóÇáúÝõÓøóÇÞö æóÃóåúáö ÇáúÈöÏóÚö. æóáóíúÓó åóÐóÇ ãöäú áóæóÇÒöãö ÇáØøõÑõÞö¡ Èóáú ÞóÏú íóÓúÊóÛúäöí Úóäúåõ ßóËöíÑñ ãöäó ÇáÓøóÇáößöíäó¡ æóáóíúÓó åõæó ÇáúÛóÇíóÉó¡ Èóáú ßóãóÇáõ ÇáÔøõåõæÏö ; ÈöÍóíúËõ íõãóíøöÒõ Èóíúäó ÇáúãóÎúáõæÞö æóÇáúÎóÇáöÞö¡ æóíóÔúåóÏõ ãóÚóÇäöíó ÃóÓúãóÇÁö Çááøóåö æóÕöÝóÇÊöåö¡ æóáóÇ íóÔúÛóáõåõ åóÐóÇ Úóäú (1) åóÐóÇ - åõæó Ãóßúãóáõ Ýöí ÇáÔøõåõæÏö¡ æóÃóÞúæóì Ýöí ÇáúÅöíãóÇäö. æóáóßöäú ãóäú ÚóÑóÖó áóåõ Êöáúßó ÇáúÍóÇáõ [ÇáøóÊöí ÊóÚúÑöÖõ] (2) ÇÍúÊóÇÌó Åöáóì ãóÇ íõäóÇÓöÈõåóÇ. æóåóÐöåö ÇáúÃõãõæÑõ ãóÈúÓõæØóÉñ Ýöí ÛóíúÑö åóÐóÇ ÇáúãóæúÖöÚö.
áóßöäøó ÇáúãóÞúÕõæÏó Ãóäøó ÊóÚóÑøõÝó ãóÑúÊóÈóÉö ÇáúÎóæóÇÑöÞö æóÃóäøóåóÇ ÚöäúÏó ÃóæúáöíóÇÁö Çááøóåö ÇáøóÐöíäó íõÑöíÏõæäó æóÌúåóåõ¡ æóíõÍöÈøõæäó ãóÇ ÃóÍóÈøóåõ Çááøóåõ æóÑóÓõæáõåõ¡ Ýöí ãóÑúÊóÈóÉö ÇáúæóÓóÇÆöáö ÇáøóÊöí íõÓúÊóÚóÇäõ ÈöåóÇ¡ ßóãóÇ íõÓúÊóÚóÇäõ ÈöÛóíúÑö ÇáúÎóæóÇÑöÞö¡ ÝóÅöäú áóãú íóÍúÊóÇÌõæÇ ÅöáóíúåóÇ - ÇÓúÊöÛúäóÇÁð ÈöÇáúãõÚúÊóÇÏóÇÊö - áóãú íóÊóáóÝøóÊõæÇ ÅöáóíúåóÇ. æóÃóãøóÇ ÚöäúÏó ßóËöíÑò ãöãøóäú íóÊøóÈöÚõ åóæóÇåõ æóíõÍöÈøõ ÇáÑøöíóÇÓóÉó ÚöäúÏó ÇáúÌõåøóÇáö æóäóÍúæö Ðóáößó¡ Ýóåöíó ÚöäúÏóåõãú ÃóÚúáóì ÇáúãóÞóÇÕöÏö.
ßóãóÇ Ãóäøó ßóËöíÑðÇ ãöäú ØóáóÈóÉö ÇáúÚöáúãö áóíúÓó ãóÞúÕõæÏõåõãú Èöåö ÅöáøóÇ ÊóÍúÕöíáó ÑöíóÇÓóÉò Ãóæú ãóÇáò¡ æóáößõáøö ÇãúÑöÆò ãóÇ äóæóì. æóÃóãøóÇ Ãóåúáõ ÇáúÚöáúãö æóÇáÏøöíäö ÇáøóÐöíäó åõãú Ãóåúáõåõ¡ Ýóåõæó (3) ãóÞúÕõæÏñ ÚöäúÏóåõãú áöãóäúÝóÚóÊöåö (4) áóåõãú¡ æóÍóÇÌóÊöåöãú Åöáóíúåö Ýöí ÇáÏøõäúíóÇ æóÇáúÂÎöÑóÉö. ßóãóÇ ÞóÇáó ãõÚóÇÐõ Èúäõ ÌóÈóáò Ýöí ÕöÝóÉö ÇáúÚöáúãö: Åöäøó (5) ØóáóÈóåõ áöáøóåö ÚöÈóÇÏóÉñ¡ æóãõÐóÇßóÑóÊóåõ
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(1) È: Úóäúåõ¡ æóåõæó ÊóÍúÑöíÝñ.
(2) ÇáøóÊöí ÊóÚúÑöÖõ: ÒöíóÇÏóÉñ Ýöí (ã)
(3) ä¡ ã¡ Ó: æóåõæó¡ æóåõæó ÊóÍúÑöíÝñ.
(4) ä¡ ã¡ Ó: áöãóäúÝóÚóÉò¡ æóåõæó ÊóÍúÑöíÝñ.
(5) ä¡ Ó: ÈöÃóäøó¡ ã: ÈöÃóäøóåõ.(8/209)
ÊóÓúÈöíÍñ¡ æóÇáúÈóÍúËó Úóäúåõ ÌöåóÇÏñ¡ æóÊóÚúáöíãóåõ áöãóäú áóÇ íóÚúáóãõåõ ÕóÏóÞóÉñ¡ Èöåö íõÚúÑóÝõ Çááøóåõ æóíóÚúÈõÏõæäóåõ¡ æóíõãóÌøóÏõ Çááøóåõ æóíõæóÍøóÏõ (1) .
æóáöåóÐóÇ ÊóÌöÏõ Ãóåúáó ÇáöÇäúÊöÝóÇÚö Èöåö íõÒóßøõæäó Èöåö äõÝõæÓóåõãú¡ æóíóÞúÕöÏõæäó Ýöíåö ÇÊøöÈóÇÚó ÇáúÍóÞøö áóÇ ÇÊøöÈóÇÚó Çáúåóæóì æóíóÓúáõßõæäó Ýöíåö ÓóÈöíáó ÇáúÚóÏúáö æóÇáúÅöäúÕóÇÝö¡ æóíõÍöÈøõæäóåõ æóíóáúÊóÐøõæäó Èöåö¡ æóíõÍöÈøõæäó ßóËúÑóÊóåõ æóßóËúÑóÉó Ãóåúáöåö¡ æóÊóäúÈóÚöËõ åöãóãõåõãú Úóáóì ÇáúÚóãóáö Èöåö æóÈöãõæÌöÈöåö æóãõÞúÊóÖóÇåõ (2) ¡ ÈöÎöáóÇÝö ãóäú áóãú íóÐõÞú ÍóáóÇæóÊóåõ æóáóíúÓó ãóÞúÕõæÏõåõ ÅöáøóÇ ãóÇáðÇ Ãóæú ÑöíóÇÓóÉð¡ ÝóÅöäøó Ðóáößó áóæú ÍóÕóáó áóåõ ÈöØóÑöíÞò ÂÎóÑó Óóáóßóåõ¡ æóÑõÈøóãóÇ ÑóÌøóÍóåõ ÅöÐóÇ ßóÇäó ÃóÓúåóáó Úóáóíúåö.
æóãóäú ÚóÑóÝó åóÐóÇ ÊóÈóíøóäó áóåõ Ãóäøó ÇáúãóÞóÇÕöÏó ÇáøóÊöí íõÍöÈøõåóÇ Çááøóåõ æóíóÑúÖóÇåóÇ ÇáøóÊöí ÍóÕóáóÊú áöÃóÈöí ÈóßúÑò¡ Ãóßúãóáõ ãöãøóÇ ÍóÕóáó áöÚõãóÑó¡ æóÇáøóÊöí ÍóÕóáóÊú áöÚõãóÑó Ãóßúãóáõ ãöãøóÇ ÍóÕóáó áöÚõËúãóÇäó¡ æóÇáøóÊöí ÍóÕóáóÊú áöÚõËúãóÇäó Ãóßúãóáõ ãöãøóÇ ÍóÕóáó áöÚóáöíøò¡ æóÃóäøó ÇáÕøóÍóÇÈóÉó ßóÇäõæÇ ÃóÚúáóãó ÇáúÎóáúÞö ÈöÇáúÍóÞøö¡ æóÃóÊúÈóÚóåõãú áóåõ¡ æóÃóÍóÞøóåõãú ÈöÇáúÚóÏúáö¡ æóÅöíÊóÇÁó ßõáøö Ðöí ÍóÞøò ÍóÞøóåõ¡ æóÃóäøóåõ áóãú íóÞúÏóÍú Ýöíåöãú ÅöáøóÇ ãõÝúÑöØñ Ýöí ÇáúÌóåúáö ÈöÇáúÍóÞóÇÆöÞö ÇáøóÊöí ÈöåóÇ (3) íóÓúÊóÍöÞøõ ÇáúãóÏúÍó æóÇáÊøóÝúÖöíáó¡ æóÈöãóÇ ÂÊóÇåõãõ Çááøóåõ ãöäó ÇáúåõÏóì Åöáóì ÓóæóÇÁö ÇáÓøóÈöíáö.
æóáöåóÐóÇ ãóäú áóãú íóÓúáõßú Ýöí ÚöÈóÇÏóÊöåö ÇáØøóÑöíÞó ÇáÔøóÑúÚöíøóÉó ÇáøóÊöí ÃóãóÑó Çááøóåõ ÈöåóÇ
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(1) ÚöÈóÇÑóÉõ " æóíõãóÌøóÏõ Çááøóåõ æóíõæóÍøóÏõ " ÓóÇÞöØóÉñ ãöäú (Ó) ¡ (È) æóáóÚóáøó ÇáÕøóæóÇÈó: Èöåö íõÚúÑóÝõ Çááøóåõ æóíõÚúÈóÏõ¡ æóÈöåö íõãóÌøóÏõ Çááøóåõ æóíõæóÍøóÏõ. æóÃóæúÑóÏó ÇÈúäõ ÚóÈúÏö ÇáúÈóÑøö åóÐóÇ ÇáúÃóËóÑó ãóÑúÝõæÚðÇ æóãóæúÞõæÝðÇ Úóáóì ãõÚóÇÐò - ÑóÖöíó Çááøóåõ Úóäúåõ - Ýöí ßöÊóÇÈöåö " ÌóÇãöÚö ÈóíóÇäö ÇáúÚöáúãö " 1/54 - 55 æóÑóÌøóÍó æóÞúÝóåõ¡ æóáóíúÓó Ýöíåö ÚöÈóÇÑóÉõ: " Èöåö íõÚúÑóÝõ Çááøóåõ. . . ÅöáóÎú ".
(2) Ó¡ È: æóÈöãõÞúÊóÖóÇåõ.
(3) ÈöåóÇ: ÓóÇÞöØóÉñ ãöäú (Ó) ¡ (È) .(8/210)
æóÑóÓõæáõåõ¡ æóÊóÚóáøóÞóÊú åöãøóÊõåõ ÈöÇáúÎóæóÇÑöÞö¡ ÝóÅöäøóåõ ÞóÏú íóÞúÊóÑöäõ Èöåö ãöäó ÇáúÌöäøö æóÇáÔøóíóÇØöíäö (1) ãóäú íóÍúÕõáõ áóåõ Èöåö äóæúÚñ ãöäó ÇáúÎóÈóÑö Úóäú ÈóÚúÖö ÇáúßóÇÆöäóÇÊö¡ Ãóæú íóØöíÑõ Èöåö Ýöí ÇáúåóæóÇÁö¡ Ãóæú íóãúÔöí Èöåö Úóáóì ÇáúãóÇÁö¡ ÝóíóÙõäøõ Ðóáößó ãöäú ßóÑóÇãóÇÊö ÇáúÃóæúáöíóÇÁö¡ æóÃóäøóåõ æóáöíøñ áöáøóåö¡ æóíóßõæäõ ÓóÈóÈó ÔöÑúßöåö Ãóæú ßõÝúÑöåö¡ Ãóæú ÈöÏúÚóÊöåö Ãóæú ÝöÓúÞöåö.
ÝóÅöäøó åóÐóÇ ÇáúÌöäúÓó ÞóÏú íóÍúÕõáõ áöÈóÚúÖö ÇáúßõÝøóÇÑö æóÃóåúáö ÇáúßöÊóÇÈö æóÛóíúÑöåöãú¡ æóÞóÏú íóÍúÕõáõ áöÈóÚúÖö ÇáúãõáúÍöÏöíäó ÇáúãõäúÊóÓöÈöíäó Åöáóì ÇáúãõÓúáöãöíäó¡ ãöËúáó ãóäú áóÇ íóÑóì ÇáÕøóáóæóÇÊö æóÇÌöÈóÉð¡ Èóáú æóáóÇ íõÞöÑøõ ÈöÃóäøó ãõÍóãøóÏðÇ ÑóÓõæáõ Çááøóåö¡ Èóáú íóÈúÛóÖõåõ æóíóÈúÛóÖõ ÇáúÞõÑúÂäó¡ æóäóÍúæó Ðóáößó ãöäó ÇáúÃõãõæÑö ÇáøóÊöí ÊõæÌöÈõ ßõÝúÑóåõ¡ æóãóÚó åóÐóÇ ÊõÛúæöíåö ÇáÔøóíóÇØöíäõ ÈöÈóÚúÖö ÇáúÎóæóÇÑöÞö¡ ßóãóÇ ÊõÛúæöí ÇáúãõÔúÑößöíäó¡ ßóãóÇ ßóÇäóÊú ÊóÞúÊóÑöäõ ÈöÇáúßõåøóÇäö æóÇáúÃóæúËóÇäö¡ æóåöíó Çáúíóæúãó ßóÐóáößó Ýöí ÇáúãõÔúÑößöíäó ãöäú Ãóåúáö ÇáúåöäúÏö æóÇáÊøõÑúßö æóÇáúÍóÈóÔóÉö¡ æóÝöí ßóËöíÑò ãöäó ÇáúãóÔúåõæÑöíäó Ýöí ÇáúÈöáóÇÏö ÇáøóÊöí ÝöíåóÇ ÇáúÅöÓúáóÇãõ ãöãøóäú åõæó ßóÇÝöÑñ Ãóæú ÝóÇÓöÞñ¡ Ãóæú ÌóÇåöáñ ãõÈúÊóÏöÚñ¡ ßóãóÇ ÞóÏú ÈõÓöØó Ýöí ãóæúÖöÚò ÂÎóÑó.
[ÝÕá ÇáËÇäí ÚÔÑ ßáÇã ÇáÑÇÝÖí Úáì ÝÖÇÆá Úáí ÑÖí Çááå Úäå æÇáÑÏ Úáíå]
(ÝóÕúáñ)
ÞóÇáó ÇáÑøóÇÝöÖöíøõ (2) : " ÇáËøóÇäöí ÚóÔóÑó: ÇáúÝóÖóÇÆöáõ: ÅöãøóÇ äóÝúÓóÇäöíøóÉñ: Ãóæú ÈóÏóäöíøóÉñ: Ãóæú ÎóÇÑöÌöíøóÉñ. æóÚóáóì ÇáÊøóÞúÏöíÑóíúäö ÇáúÃóæøóáóíúäö: ÝóÅöãøóÇ Ãóäú Êóßõæäó ãõÊóÚóáøöÞóÉð ÈöÇáÔøóÎúÕö äóÝúÓöåö¡ Ãóæú ÈöÛóíúÑöåö. æóÃóãöíÑõ ÇáúãõÄúãöäöíäó Úóáöíøñ ÌóãóÚó (3)
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(1) Ó: ãöäó ÇáúÌöäøö ãöäó ÇáÔøóíóÇØöíäö¡ È: ãöäó ÇáúÌöäøö æóãöäó ÇáÔøóíóÇØöíäö
(2) Ýöí (ß) Õ 191 (ã) - 192 (ã)
(3) ß: æóÃóãöíÑõ ÇáúãõÄúãöäöíäó - Úóáóíúåö ÇáÕøóáóÇÉõ æóÇáÓøóáóÇãõ - ÌóãóÚó. .(8/211)
Çáúßõáøó. ÃóãøóÇ ÝóÖóÇÆöáõåõ (1) ÇáäøóÝúÓóÇäöíøóÉõ ÇáúãõÊóÚóáøöÞóÉõ Èöåö - ßóÚöáúãöåö æóÒõåúÏöåö æóßóÑóãöåö æóÍöáúãöåö - ÝóÃóÔúåóÑõ ãöäú Ãóäú ÊõÍúÕóì (2) ¡ æóÇáúãõÊóÚóáøöÞóÉõ ÈöÛóíúÑöåö ßóÐóáößó¡ ßóÙõåõæÑö (3) ÇáúÚõáõæãö (4) Úóäúåõ¡ æóÇÓúÊöíÝóÇÁö (5) ÛóíúÑöåö ãöäúåõ. æóßóÐóÇ ÝóÖóÇÆöáõåõ (6) ÇáúÈóÏóäöíøóÉõ ßóÇáúÚöÈóÇÏóÉö æóÇáÔøóÌóÇÚóÉö æóÇáÕøóÏóÞóÉö. æóÃóãøóÇ ÇáúÎóÇÑöÌöíøóÉõ ßóÇáäøóÓóÈö Ýóáóãú íóáúÍóÞúåõ Ýöíåö ÃóÍóÏñ ; áöÞõÑúÈöåö ãöäó ÇáäøóÈöíøö - Õóáøóì Çááøóåõ Úóáóíúåö æóÓóáøóãó (7) - æóÊóÒúæöíÌöåö ÅöíøóÇåõ ÈöÇÈúäóÊöåö (8) ÓóíøöÏóÉö äöÓóÇÁö ÇáúÚóÇáóãöíäó.
æóÞóÏú Ñóæóì ÃóÎúØóÈõ (9) ÎóæóÇÑóÒúãó ãöäú ßöÊóÇÈö " ÇáÓøõäøóÉö " (10) ÈöÅöÓúäóÇÏöåö Úóäú ÌóÇÈöÑò ÞóÇáó: «áóãøóÇ ÊóÒóæøóÌó Úóáöíøñ ÝóÇØöãóÉó ÒóæøóÌóåóÇ Çááøóåõ ÅöíøóÇåõ (11) ãöäú ÝóæúÞö ÓóÈúÚö ÓóãóÇæóÇÊò¡ æóßóÇäó ÇáúÎóÇØöÈõ ÌöÈúÑöíáó (12) ¡ æóßóÇäó ãöíßóÇÆöíáõ æóÅöÓúÑóÇÝöíáõ Ýöí
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(1) ß: ÃóãøóÇ ÝóÖúáõ¡ ã: ÃóãøóÇ ÝóÖöíáóÉõ
(2) ß: Ýóåöíó ÃóÔúåóÑõ ãöäú Ãóäú ÊóÎúÝóì.
(3) ß: áöÙõåõæÑö
(4) Ó¡ È: ÇáúÚöáúãö
(5) ä¡ ã: æóÇÓúÊöÝúÊóÇÁö ; ß æóÇÓúÊöÝóÇÏóÉö
(6) ß: ÝóÖóÇÆöáõ.
(7) ß: ÝóßóÇáäøóÓóÈö æóáóãú íóáúÍóÞúåõ ÃóÍóÏñ Ýöíåö áöÞõÑúÈöåö ãöäú ÑóÓõæáö Çááøóåö - Õóáøóì Çááøóåõ Úóáóíúåö æóÂáöåö.
(8) ä¡ Ó: ÈöÇÈúäóÊö¡ æóåõæó ÊóÍúÑöíÝñ¡ ß: ÈöäúÊóåõ æóÝöí åóÇãöÔö (Ó) ßóÊóÈó ÃóãóÇãó åóÐóÇ ÇáúãóæúÖõæÚö ßóÊóÈó ãóÇ íóáöí: " ÞóÏú ÒóæøóÌó ÚõËúãóÇäó ÈöÇÈúäóÊóíúåö æóÞóÇáó áóåõ: áóæú ßóÇäó ÚöäúÏóäóÇ ËóÇáöËóÉñ áóÒóæøóÌúäóÇåóÇ áóßó ÝóÚóáóì åóÐóÇ íóßõæäõ ÚõËúãóÇäõ ÃóÝúÖóáó. ÇåÜ Ýöí åóÇãöÔö ÇáúÃóÕúáö ".
(9) ã: ÎóØöíÈõ.
(10) ß: æóåõæó ãöäú ßöÈóÇÑö Ãóåúáö ÇáÓøõäøóÉö.
(11) ß: ÝóÇØöãóÉó - ÚóáóíúåóÇ ÇáÓøóáóÇãõ - ÒóæøóÌóåõ Çááøóåõ ÊóÚóÇáóì ÅöíøóÇåóÇ. . .
(12) ß (Õ 192 ã) : ÌöÈúÑóÆöíáó.(8/212)
ÓóÈúÚöíäó ÃóáúÝðÇ ãöäó ÇáúãóáóÇÆößóÉö ÔõåõæÏðÇ¡ ÝóÃóæúÍóì Çááøóåõ Åöáóì ÔóÌóÑóÉö ØõæÈóì: ÇäúËõÑöí ãóÇ Ýöíßö ãöäó ÇáÏøõÑøö æóÇáúÌóæúåóÑö (1) ¡ ÝóÝóÚóáóÊú¡ ÝóÃóæúÍóì Çááøóåõ Åöáóì ÇáúÍõæÑö ÇáúÚöíäö Ãóäö ÇáúÞõØúäó¡ ÝóáóÞóØúäó ãöäúåõäøó Åöáóì íóæúãö ÇáúÞöíóÇãóÉö (2) ¡ æóÃóæúÑóÏó ÃóÎúÈóÇÑðÇ ßóËöíÑóÉð Ýöí Ðóáößó.
æóßóÇäó ÃóæúáóÇÏõåõ - ÑóÖöíó Çááøóåõ Úóäúåõ - ÃóÔúÑóÝó ÇáäøóÇÓö ÈóÚúÏó ÑóÓõæáö Çááøóåö - Õóáøóì Çááøóåõ Úóáóíúåö æóÓóáøóãó - æóÈóÚúÏó ÃóÈöíåöãú» (3) . æóÚóäú ÍõÐóíúÝóÉó Èúäö ÇáúíóãóÇäö (4) ÞóÇáó: «ÑóÃóíúÊõ ÇáäøóÈöíøó - Õóáøóì Çááøóåõ Úóáóíúåö æóÓóáøóãó - ÃóÎóÐó (5) ÈöíóÏö ÇáúÍõÓóíúäö Èúäö Úóáöíøò¡ ÝóÞóÇáó: ÃóíøõåóÇ ÇáäøóÇÓõ (6) åóÐóÇ ÇáúÍõÓóíúäõ (7) ¡ ÃóáóÇ ÝóÇÚúÑöÝõæåõ æóÝóÖøöáõæåõ¡ ÝóæóÇááøóåö áóÌóÏøõåõ ÃóßúÑóãõ Úóáóì Çááøóåö ãöäú ÌóÏøö íõæÓõÝó Èúäö íóÚúÞõæÈó (8) ¡ åóÐóÇ ÇáúÍõÓóíúäõ ÌóÏøõåõ (9) Ýöí ÇáúÌóäøóÉö¡ æóÌóÏøóÊõåõ Ýöí ÇáúÌóäøóÉö¡ (* æóÃõãøõåõ Ýöí ÇáúÌóäøóÉö¡ æóÃóÈõæåõ Ýöí ÇáúÌóäøóÉö¡ æóÎóÇáõåõ Ýöí ÇáúÌóäøóÉö æóÎóÇáóÊõåõ Ýöí ÇáúÌóäøóÉö¡ æóÚóãøõåõ Ýöí ÇáúÌóäøóÉö¡
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(1) ß: Ãóäö ÇäúËõÑöí ãóÇ Ýöíßö ãöäó ÇáÏøõÑóÑö æóÇáúÌóæóÇåöÑö. . .
(2) ß: ÝóáóÞóØúäó Ýóåõäøó íóÊóåóÇÏóíúäó Èóíúäóåõäøó Åöáóì íóæúãö ÇáúÞöíóÇãóÉö.
(3) ß: æóßóÇäó ÃóæúáóÇÏõåõ - Úóáóíúåöãõ ÇáÓøóáóÇãõ - ÃóÔúÑóÝó ÇáäøóÇÓö ÈóÚúÏó ÑóÓõæáö Çááøóåö - Õóáøóì Çááøóåõ Úóáóíúåö æóÂáöåö - æóÈóÚúÏó ÃóÈöíåöãú - Úóáóíúåöãõ ÇáÓøóáóÇãõ -.
(4) Ó¡ È: æóÚóäú ÍõÐóíúÝóÉó ÇáúíóãóÇäöíøö¡ ß: æóÚóäú ÍõÐóíúÝóÉó Èúäö ÇáúíóãóÇäöíøö.
(5) ä: ÂÎöÐðÇ.
(6) ß: ÇáúÍõÓóíúäö - Úóáóíúåö ÇáÓøóáóÇãõ -¡ æóÞóÇáó: íóÇ ÃóíøõåóÇ ÇáäøóÇÓõ.
(7) ß: ÇáúÍõÓóíúäõ Èúäõ Úóáöíøò - Úóáóíúåö ÇáÓøóáóÇãõ -.
(8) ß: ãöäú íõæÓõÝó Èúäö íóÚúÞõæÈó.
(9) ß: åóÐóÇ ÇáúÍõÓóíúäõ Èúäõ Úóáöíøò - Úóáóíúåö ÇáÓøóáóÇãõ - ÌóÏøõåõ.(8/213)
æóÚóãøóÊõåõ Ýöí ÇáúÌóäøóÉö (1) ¡ æóÃóÎõæåõ Ýöí ÇáúÌóäøóÉö *) (2) ¡ æóåõæó Ýöí ÇáúÌóäøóÉö¡ æóãõÍöÈøõæåõ (3) Ýöí ÇáúÌóäøóÉö¡ æóãõÍöÈøõæ ãõÍöÈøöíåöãú Ýöí ÇáúÌóäøóÉö» .
æóÚóäú ÍõÐóíúÝóÉó (4) ÞóÇáó: «ÈöÊøõ ÚöäúÏó ÇáäøóÈöíøö - Õóáøóì Çááøóåõ Úóáóíúåö æóÓóáøóãó - ÐóÇÊó áóíúáóÉò¡ ÝóÑóÃóíúÊõ ÚöäúÏóåõ (5) ÔóÎúÕðÇ¡ ÝóÞóÇáó áöí: åóáú ÑóÃóíúÊó (6) ¿ ÞõáúÊõ: äóÚóãú. ÞóÇáó: åóÐóÇ (7) ãóáóßñ áóãú íóäúÒöáú Åöáóíøó ãõäúÐõ ÈõÚöËúÊõ¡ ÃóÊóÇäöí ãöäó Çááøóåö¡ ÝóÈóÔøóÑóäöí Ãóäøó ÇáúÍóÓóäó æóÇáúÍõÓóíúäó ÓóíøöÏóÇ ÔóÈóÇÈö Ãóåúáö ÇáúÌóäøóÉö» .
æóÇáúÃóÎúÈóÇÑõ Ýöí Ðóáößó ßóËöíÑóÉñ¡ æóßóÇäó ãõÍóãøóÏõ Èúäõ ÇáúÍóäóÝöíøóÉö ÝóÇÖöáðÇ ÚóÇáöãðÇ¡ ÍóÊøóì ÇÏøóÚóì Þóæúãñ Ýöíåö ÇáúÅöãóÇãóÉó ".
æóÇáúÌóæóÇÈõ: ÃóãøóÇ ÇáúÃõãõæÑõ ÇáúÎóÇÑöÌöíøóÉõ (8) Úóäú äóÝúÓö ÇáúÅöíãóÇäö æóÇáÊøóÞúæóì¡ ÝóáóÇ íóÍúÕõáõ ÈöåóÇ ÝóÖöíáóÉñ ÚöäúÏó Çááøóåö ÊóÚóÇáóì¡ æóÅöäøóãóÇ íóÍúÕõáõ ÈöåóÇ ÇáúÝóÖöíáóÉõ ÚöäúÏó Çááøóåö ÅöÐóÇ ßóÇäóÊú ãõÚöíäóÉð Úóáóì Ðóáößó ; ÝóÅöäøóåóÇ ãöäú ÈóÇÈö ÇáúæóÓóÇÆöáö áóÇ ÇáúãóÞóÇÕöÏö¡ ßóÇáúãóÇáö æóÇáÓøõáúØóÇäö¡ æóÇáúÞõæøóÉö æóÇáÕøöÍøóÉö æóäóÍúæö Ðóáößó¡ ÝóÅöäøó åóÐöåö ÇáúÃõãõæÑó áóÇ íõÝóÖøóáõ ÈöåóÇ ÇáÑøóÌõáõ ÚöäúÏó Çááøóåö ÅöáøóÇ ÅöÐóÇ ÃóÚóÇäóÊúåõ Úóáóì ØóÇÚóÉö Çááøóåö ÈöÍóÓóÈö ãóÇ íõÚöíäõåõ.
ÞóÇáó Çááøóåõ ÊóÚóÇáóì: {íóÇÃóíøõåóÇ ÇáäøóÇÓõ ÅöäøóÇ ÎóáóÞúäóÇßõãú ãöäú ÐóßóÑò æóÃõäúËóì æóÌóÚóáúäóÇßõãú ÔõÚõæÈðÇ æóÞóÈóÇÆöáó áöÊóÚóÇÑóÝõæÇ Åöäøó ÃóßúÑóãóßõãú ÚöäúÏó Çááøóåö ÃóÊúÞóÇßõãú} [ÓõæÑóÉõ ÇáúÍõÌõÑóÇÊö: 13] .
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(1) ß: æóÌóÏøóÊõåõ Ýöí ÇáúÌóäøóÉö¡ æóÃóÈõæåõ Ýöí ÇáúÌóäøóÉö¡ æóÃõãøõåõ Ýöí ÇáúÌóäøóÉö¡ æóÚóãøõåõ Ýöí ÇáúÌóäøóÉö¡ æóÚóãøóÊõåõ Ýöí ÇáúÌóäøóÉö¡ æóÎóÇáõåõ Ýöí ÇáúÌóäøóÉö¡ æóÎóÇáóÊõåõ Ýöí ÇáúÌóäøóÉö. .
(2) ãóÇ Èóíúäó ÇáäøóÌúãóÊóíúäö ÓóÇÞöØñ ãöäú (ã) .
(3) ß: æóãõÍöÈøõæåõãú.
(4) ß: æóÚóäú ÍõÐóíúÝóÉó Èúäö ÇáúíóãóÇäöíøö
(5) ÚöäúÏóåõ: ÓóÇÞöØóÉñ ãöäú (Ó) ¡ (È)
(6) ß: åóáú ÑóÃóíúÊóåõ¿
(7) ß: ÞõáúÊõ: äóÚóãú íóÇ ÑóÓõæáó Çááøóåö ÝóÞóÇáó Õóáøóì Çááøóåõ Úóáóíúåö æóÂáöåö. åóÐóÇ. . .
(8) È: ÇáúÎóÇÑöÌóÉõ.(8/214)
æóÝöí ÇáÕøóÍöíÍóíúäö Úóäö ÇáäøóÈöíøö - Õóáøóì Çááøóåõ Úóáóíúåö æóÓóáøóãó - «Ãóäøóåõ ÓõÆöáó: Ãóíøõ ÇáäøóÇÓö ÃóßúÑóãõ¿ ÝóÞóÇáó: " ÃóÊúÞóÇåõãú áöáøóåö ". Þöíáó: áóíúÓó Úóäú åóÐóÇ äóÓúÃóáõßó (1) . ÞóÇáó: " íõæÓõÝõ äóÈöíøõ Çááøóåö Èúäõ íóÚúÞõæÈó äóÈöíøö Çááøóåö Èúäö ÅöÓúÍóÇÞó äóÈöíøö Çááøóåö Èúäö ÅöÈúÑóÇåöíãó Îóáöíáö Çááøóåö ".
Þöíáó: áóíúÓó Úóäú åóÐóÇ äóÓúÃóáõßó (2) . ÞóÇáó: " ÃóÝóÚóäú (3) ãóÚóÇÏöäö ÇáúÚóÑóÈö ÊóÓúÃóáõæäöí (4) ¿ ÎöíóÇÑõåõãú Ýöí ÇáúÌóÇåöáöíøóÉö ÎöíóÇÑõåõãú Ýöí ÇáúÅöÓúáóÇãö ÅöÐóÇ ÝóÞöåõæÇ» " (5) .
Èóíøóäó áóåõãú ÃóæøóáðÇ: Ãóäøó ÃóßúÑóãó ÇáúÎóáúÞö ÚöäúÏó Çááøóåö ÃóÊúÞóÇåõãú¡ æóÅöäú áóãú íóßõäö ÇÈúäó äóÈöíøò æóáóÇ ÃóÈóÇ äóÈöíøò¡ ÝóÅöÈúÑóÇåöíãõ ÇáäøóÈöíøõ - Õóáøóì Çááøóåõ Úóáóíúåö æóÓóáøóãó - ÃóßúÑóãõ Úóáóì Çááøóåö ãöäú íõæÓõÝó¡ æóÅöäú ßóÇäó ÃóÈõæåõ ÂÒóÑó¡ æóåóÐóÇ ÃóÈõæåõ íóÚúÞõæÈõ. æóßóÐóáößó äõæÍñ ÃóßúÑóãõ Úóáóì Çááøóåö ãöäú ÅöÓúÑóÇÆöíáó¡ æóÅöäú ßóÇäó åóÐóÇ ÃóæúáóÇÏõåõ ÃóäúÈöíóÇÁó¡ æóåóÐóÇ ÃóæúáóÇÏõåõ áóíúÓõæÇ ÈöÃóäúÈöíóÇÁó.
ÝóáóãøóÇ ÐóßóÑõæÇ Ãóäøóåõ áóíúÓó ãóÞúÕõæÏõåõãú ÅöáøóÇ ÇáúÃóäúÓóÇÈó¡ ÞóÇáó áóåõãú: ÝóÃóßúÑóãõ Ãóåúáö ÇáúÃóäúÓóÇÈö ãóäö ÇäúÊóÓóÈó Åöáóì ÇáúÃóäúÈöíóÇÁö¡ æóáóíúÓó Ýöí æóáóÏö ÂÏóãó ãöËúáõ íõæÓõÝó ; ÝóÅöäøóåõ äóÈöíøñ ÇÈúäõ äóÈöíøò ÇÈúäö äóÈöíøò.
ÝóáóãøóÇ ÃóÔóÇÑõæÇ Åöáóì Ãóäøóåõ áóíúÓó ãóÞúÕõæÏõåõãú ÅöáøóÇ ãóÇ íóÊóÚóáøóÞõ Èöåöãú¡ ÞóÇáó: " «ÃóÝóÚóäú ãóÚóÇÏöäö ÇáúÚóÑóÈö ÊóÓúÃóáõæäöí¿ ÇáäøóÇÓõ ãóÚóÇÏöäõ ßóãóÚóÇÏöäö ÇáÐøóåóÈö æóÇáúÝöÖøóÉö¡ ÎöíóÇÑõåõãú Ýöí ÇáúÌóÇåöáöíøóÉö ÎöíóÇÑõåõãú Ýöí ÇáúÅöÓúáóÇãö ÅöÐóÇ ÝóÞöåõæÇ» " Èóíøóäó Ãóäøó ÇáúÃóäúÓóÇÈó ßóÇáúãóÚóÇÏöäö¡ ÝóÅöäøó ÇáÑøóÌõáó íóÊóæóáøóÏõ ãöäúåõ ßóãóÇ íóÊóæóáøóÏõ ãöäó ÇáúãóÚúÏöäö ÇáÐøóåóÈõ æóÇáúÝöÖøóÉõ.
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(1) ä: äóÓóáõßó.
(2) ä: äóÓóáõßó.
(3) ã: ÝóÚóäú.
(4) ä: ÊóÓóáõæäöí.
(5) ÓóÈóÞó åóÐóÇ ÇáúÍóÏöíËõ ÝöíãóÇ ãóÖóì 4/601.(8/215)
æóáóÇ ÑóíúÈó Ãóäøó ÇáúÃóÑúÖó ÇáøóÊöí ÊõäúÈöÊõ ÇáÐøóåóÈó ÃóÝúÖóáõ ãöäó ÇáúÃóÑúÖö ÇáøóÊöí ÊõäúÈöÊõ ÇáúÝöÖøóÉó. ÝóåóßóÐóÇ ãóäú ÚóÑóÝó Ãóäøóåõ íóáöÏõ ÇáúÃóÝóÇÖöáó¡ ßóÇäó ÃóæúáóÇÏõåõ ÃóÝúÖóáó ãöãøóäú ÚóÑóÝó Ãóäøóåõ íóáöÏõ ÇáúãóÝúÖõæáó. áóßöäøó åóÐóÇ ÓóÈóÈñ æóãóÙöäøóÉñ æóáóíúÓó åõæó áóÇÒöãðÇ ; ÝóÑõÈøóãóÇ ÊóÚóØøóáóÊú ÃóÑúÖõ ÇáÐøóåóÈö¡ æóÑõÈøóãóÇ Þóáøó äóÈúÊõåóÇ ; ÝóÍöíäóÆöÐò Êóßõæäõ ÃóÑúÖõ ÇáúÝöÖøóÉö ÃóÍóÈøó Åöáóì ÇáúÅöäúÓóÇäö ãöäú ÃóÑúÖò ãõÚóØøóáóÉò. æóÇáúÝöÖøóÉõ ÇáúßóËöíÑóÉõ ÃóÍóÈøõ Åöáóíúåöãú ãöäú ÐóåóÈò Þóáöíáò áóÇ íõãóÇËöáõåóÇ Ýöí ÇáúÞóÏúÑö.
ÝóáöåóÐóÇ ßóÇäó Ãóåúáõ ÇáúÃóäúÓóÇÈö (1) ÇáúÝóÇÖöáóÉö íõÙóäøõ Èöåöãõ ÇáúÎóíúÑõ¡ æóíõßúÑóãõæäó áöÃóÌúáö Ðóáößó. ÝóÅöÐóÇ ÊóÍóÞøóÞó ãöäú ÃóÍóÏöåöãú (2) ÎöáóÇÝõ Ðóáößó¡ ßóÇäóÊö ÇáúÍóÞöíÞóÉõ ãõÞóÏøóãóÉð Úóáóì ÇáúãóÙöäøóÉö. æóÃóãøóÇ [ãóÇ] (3) ÚöäúÏó Çááøóåö ÝóáóÇ íóËúÈõÊõ Úóáóì ÇáúãóÙóÇäøö æóáóÇ Úóáóì ÇáÏøóáóÇÆöáö¡ ÅöäøóãóÇ íóËúÈõÊõ Úóáóì ãóÇ íóÚúáóãõåõ åõæó ãöäó ÇáúÃóÚúãóÇáö ÇáÕøóÇáöÍóÉö¡ ÝóáóÇ íóÍúÊóÇÌõ Åöáóì Ïóáöíáò¡ æóáóÇ íóÌúÊóÒöÆõ ÈöÇáúãóÙöäøóÉö.
ÝóáöåóÐóÇ ßóÇäó ÃóßúÑóãõ ÇáúÎóáúÞö ÚöäúÏóåõ ÃóÊúÞóÇåõãú (4) . ÝóÅöÐóÇ ÞõÏøöÑó (5) ÊóãóÇËõáõ ÇËúäóíúäö ÚöäúÏóåõ Ýöí ÇáÊøóÞúæóì¡ ÊóãóÇËõáðÇ Ýöí ÇáÏøóÑóÌóÉö¡ æóÅöäú ßóÇäó ÃóÈõæ ÃóÍóÏöåöãóÇ Ãóæö ÇÈúäõåõ ÃóÝúÖóáó ãöäú ÃóÈöí ÇáúÂÎóÑö Ãóæö ÇÈúäöåö¡ áóßöäú Åöäú ÍóÕóáó áóåõ ÈöÓóÈóÈö äóÓóÈöåö ÒöíóÇÏóÉñ Ýöí ÇáÊøóÞúæóì ßóÇäó ÃóÝúÖóáó áöÒöíóÇÏóÉö ÊóÞúæóÇåõ.
æóáöåóÐóÇ ÍóÕóáó áöÃóÒúæóÇÌö ÇáäøóÈöíøö - Õóáøóì Çááøóåõ Úóáóíúåö æóÓóáøóãó - ÅöÐóÇ ÞóäóÊúäó áöáøóåö æóÑóÓõæáöåö æóÚóãöáúäó ÕóÇáöÍðÇ¡ áóÇ áöãõÌóÑøóÏö ÇáúãõÕóÇåóÑóÉö¡ Èóáú áößóãóÇáö ÇáØøóÇÚóÉö. ßóãóÇ Ãóäøóåõäøó áóæú ÃóÊóíúäó ÈöÝóÇÍöÔóÉò ãõÈóíøöäóÉò áóÖõæÚöÝó áóåõäøó ÇáúÚóÐóÇÈõ ÖöÚúÝóíúäö ; áöÞõÈúÍö ÇáúãóÚúÕöíóÉö.
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(1) ä¡ Ó¡ È: ÇáúÃóÓúÈóÇÈö¡ æóåõæó ÊóÍúÑöíÝñ
(2) Ó¡ È: ãöäú ÃóÍóÏò.
(3) ãóÇ: ÓóÇÞöØóÉñ ãöäú (ä) ¡ (ã) ¡ (Ó) .
(4) ã: ÃóÒúßóÇåõãú.
(5) ÞõÏøöÑó: ÓóÇÞöØóÉñ ãöäú (ã) .(8/216)
ÝóÅöäøó ÐóÇ ÇáÔøóÑóÝö ÅöÐóÇ ÃóáúÒóãó äóÝúÓóåõ ÇáÊøóÞúæóì¡ ßóÇäó ÊóÞúæóÇåõ Ãóßúãóáó ãöäú ÊóÞúæóì ÛóíúÑöåö. ßóãóÇ Ãóäøó Çáúãóáößó ÅöÐóÇ ÚóÏóáó ßóÇäó ÚóÏúáõåõ ÃóÚúÙóãó ãöäú ÚóÏúáö ÇáÑøóÌõáö Ýöí Ãóåúáöåö. Ëõãøó Åöäøó ÇáÑøóÌõáó ÅöÐóÇ ÞóÕóÏó ÇáúÎóíúÑó ÞóÕúÏðÇ ÌóÇÒöãðÇ (1) ¡ æóÚóãöáó ãöäúåõ ãóÇ íóÞúÏöÑõ Úóáóíúåö¡ ßóÇäó áóåõ ÃóÌúÑñ ßóÇãöáñ (2) .
ßóãóÇ ÞóÇáó ÇáäøóÈöíøõ - Õóáøóì Çááøóåõ Úóáóíúåö æóÓóáøóãó - Ýöí ÇáúÍóÏöíËö ÇáÕøóÍöíÍö: " «Åöäøó ÈöÇáúãóÏöíäóÉö ÑöÌóÇáðÇ (3) ãóÇ ÓöÑúÊõãú ãóÓöíÑðÇ æóáóÇ ÞóØóÚúÊõãú æóÇÏöíðÇ ÅöáøóÇ ßóÇäõæÇ ãóÚóßõãú ". ÞóÇáõæÇ: æóåõãú Ýöí ÇáúãóÏöíäóÉö¿ ÞóÇáó: " æóåõãú ÈöÇáúãóÏöíäóÉö¡ ÍóÈóÓóåõãõ ÇáúÚõÐúÑõ» " (4) .
æóáöåóÐóÇ ÞóÇáó ÇáäøóÈöíøõ - Õóáøóì Çááøóåõ Úóáóíúåö æóÓóáøóãó - Ýöí ÇáÕøóÍöíÍö: " «ãóäú ÏóÚóÇ Åöáóì åõÏðì ßóÇäó áóåõ ãöäó ÇáúÃóÌúÑö ãöËúáõ ÃõÌõæÑö ãóäö ÇÊøóÈóÚóåõ¡ ãöäú ÛóíúÑö Ãóäú íóäúÞõÕó ãöäú ÃõÌõæÑöåöãú ÔóíúÆðÇ¡ æóãóäú ÏóÚóÇ Åöáóì ÖóáóÇáóÉò ßóÇäó Úóáóíúåö ãöäó ÇáúæöÒúÑö ãöËúáõ ÃóæúÒóÇÑö ãóäö ÇÊøóÈóÚóåõ¡ ãöäú ÛóíúÑö Ãóäú íóäúÞõÕó ãöäú ÃóæúÒóÇÑöåöãú ÔóíúÆðÇ» " (5) . æóåóÐóÇ ãóÈúÓõæØñ Ýöí ãóæúÖöÚò ÂÎóÑó.
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(1) ä¡ ã: ÍóÇÒöãðÇ
(2) ä¡ ã¡ Ó: ÃóÌúÑõ ÚóÇãöáò.
(3) ä¡ Ó: Åöäøó ÈöÇáúãóÏöíäóÉö áóÑöÌóÇáðÇ¡ ã: Åöäøó ÈöÇáúãóÏöíäóÉö áóÑöÌóÇáñ.
(4) ÇáúÍóÏöíËõ Úóäú ÃóäóÓö Èúäö ãóÇáößò - ÑóÖöíó Çááøóåõ Úóäúåõ - Ýöí: ÇáúÈõÎóÇÑöíøö 4/26 (ßöÊóÇÈõ ÇáúÌöåóÇÏö¡ ÈóÇÈõ ãóäú ÍóÈóÓóåõ ÇáúÚõÐúÑõ Úóäö ÇáúÛóÒúæö) Óõäóäö ÃóÈöí ÏóÇæõÏó 3/17 - 18 (ßöÊóÇÈõ ÇáúÌöåóÇÏö¡ ÈóÇÈñ Ýöí ÇáÑøõÎúÕóÉö Ýöí ÇáúÞõÚõæÏö ãöäó ÇáúÚõÐúÑö) ; Óõäóäö ÇÈúäö ãóÇÌóåú 2/923 (ßöÊóÇÈõ ÇáúÌöåóÇÏö¡ ÈóÇÈõ ãóäú ÍóÈóÓóåõ ÇáúÚõÐúÑõ Úóäö ÇáúÌöåóÇÏö) ¡ ÇáúãõÓúäóÏö (Ø. ÇáúÍóáóÈöíøö) 3/103¡ 160¡ 300¡ 341. æóÌóÇÁó ÍóÏöíËñ ÂÎóÑõ ÈöÃóáúÝóÇÙò ãõÞóÇÑöÈóÉò Úóäú ÌóÇÈöÑö Èúäö ÚóÈúÏö Çááøóåö - ÑóÖöíó Çááøóåõ Úóäúåõ - Ýöí: ãõÓúáöãò 3/1518 (ßöÊóÇÈõ ÇáúÅöãóÇÑóÉö¡ ÈóÇÈõ ËóæóÇÈö ãóäú ÍóÈóÓóåõ Úóäö ÇáúÛóÒúæö ãóÑóÖñ Ãóæú ÚõÐúÑñ ÂÎóÑõ) Óõäóäö ÇÈúäö ãóÇÌóåú (Ýöí ÇáúãóæúÖöÚö ÇáÓøóÇÈöÞö) .
(5) ÇáúÍóÏöíËõ Úóäú ÃóÈöí åõÑóíúÑóÉó - ÑóÖöíó Çááøóåõ Úóäúåõ - Ýöí: ãõÓúáöãò 4/2060 (ßöÊóÇÈõ ÇáúÚöáúãö¡ ÈóÇÈõ ãóäú Óóäøó ÓõäøóÉð ÍóÓóäóÉð Ãóæú ÓóíøöÆóÉð æóãóäú ÏóÚóÇ Åöáóì åõÏðì Ãóæú ÖóáóÇáóÉò¡ Óõäóäö ÃóÈöí ÏóÇæõÏó 4/281 - 282 (ßöÊóÇÈõ ÇáÓøõäøóÉö¡ ÈóÇÈõ áõÒõæãö ÇáÓøõäøóÉö) ¡ Óõäóäö ÇáÊøöÑúãöÐöíøö (Ø. ÇáúãóÏöíäóÉö) 5/149 ßöÊóÇÈõ ÇáúÚöáúãö¡ ÈóÇÈñ Ýöíãóäú ÏóÚóÇ Åöáóì åõÏðì ÝóÇÊøõÈöÚó Ãóæú Åöáóì ÖóáóÇáóÉò) ; Óõäóäö ÇÈúäö ãóÇÌóåú 1/75 (ÇáúãõÞóÏøöãóÉõ¡ ÈóÇÈõ ãóäú Óóäøó ÓõäøóÉð ÍóÓóäóÉð Ãóæú ÓóíøöÆóÉð¡ ÇáúãõÓúäóÏö (Ø. ÇáúãóÚóÇÑöÝö) 18/3.(8/217)
æóáöåóÐóÇ áóãú íõËúäö Çááøóåõ Úóáóì ÃóÍóÏò Ýöí ÇáúÞõÑúÂäö ÈöäóÓóÈöåö ÃóÕúáðÇ: áóÇ Úóáóì æóáóÏö äóÈöíøò¡ æóáóÇ Úóáóì ÃóÈöí äóÈöíøò¡ æóÅöäøóãóÇ ÃóËúäóì Úóáóì ÇáäøóÇÓö ÈöÅöíãóÇäöåöãú æóÃóÚúãóÇáöåöãú. æóÅöÐóÇ ÐóßóÑó ÕöäúÝðÇ æóÃóËúäóì Úóáóíúåöãú ; ÝóáöãóÇ Ýöíåöãú ãöäó ÇáúÅöíãóÇäö æóÇáúÚóãóáö¡ áóÇ áöãõÌóÑøóÏö ÇáäøóÓóÈö.
æóáóãøóÇ ÐóßóÑó ÇáúÃóäúÈöíóÇÁó - ÐóßóÑóåõãú Ýöí ÇáúÃóäúÚóÇãö - æóåõãú ËóãóÇäöíóÉó ÚóÔóÑó ÞóÇáó: {æóãöäú ÂÈóÇÆöåöãú æóÐõÑøöíøóÇÊöåöãú æóÅöÎúæóÇäöåöãú æóÇÌúÊóÈóíúäóÇåõãú æóåóÏóíúäóÇåõãú Åöáóì ÕöÑóÇØò ãõÓúÊóÞöíãò} [ÓõæÑóÉõ ÇáúÃóäúÚóÇãö: 87] . ÝóÈöåóÐóÇ ÍóÕóáóÊö ÇáúÝóÖöíáóÉõ ÈöÇÌúÊöÈóÇÆöåö ÓõÈúÍóÇäóåõ æóÊóÚóÇáóì¡ æóåöÏóÇíóÊöåö ÅöíøóÇåõãú Åöáóì ÕöÑóÇØò ãõÓúÊóÞöíãò¡ áóÇ ÈöäóÝúÓö ÇáúÞóÑóÇÈóÉö.
æóÞóÏú íõæÌöÈõ ÇáäøóÓóÈõ ÍõÞõæÞðÇ¡ æóíõæÌöÈõ áöÃóÌúáöåö ÍõÞõæÞðÇ¡ æóíõÚóáøöÞõ Ýöíåö ÃóÍúßóÇãðÇ ãöäó ÇáúÅöíÌóÇÈö æóÇáÊøóÍúÑöíãö æóÇáúÅöÈóÇÍóÉö¡ áóßöäøó ÇáËøóæóÇÈó æóÇáúÚöÞóÇÈó æóÇáúæóÚúÏó æóÇáúæóÚöíÏó Úóáóì ÇáúÃóÚúãóÇáö áóÇ Úóáóì ÇáúÃóäúÓóÇÈö.
æóáóãøóÇ ÞóÇáó ÊóÚóÇáóì: {Åöäøó Çááøóåó ÇÕúØóÝóì ÂÏóãó æóäõæÍðÇ æóÂáó ÅöÈúÑóÇåöíãó æóÂáó ÚöãúÑóÇäó Úóáóì ÇáúÚóÇáóãöíäó} [ÓõæÑóÉõ Âáö ÚöãúÑóÇäó: 33] ¡ æóÞóÇáó: {Ãóãú íóÍúÓõÏõæäó ÇáäøóÇÓó Úóáóì ãóÇ ÂÊóÇåõãõ Çááøóåõ ãöäú ÝóÖúáöåö ÝóÞóÏú ÂÊóíúäóÇ Âáó ÅöÈúÑóÇåöíãó ÇáúßöÊóÇÈó æóÇáúÍößúãóÉó æóÂÊóíúäóÇåõãú ãõáúßðÇ ÚóÙöíãðÇ} [ÓõæÑóÉõ ÇáäøöÓóÇÁö: 54] ¡ ßóÇäó åóÐóÇ ãóÏúÍðÇ áöåóÐóÇ ÇáúãóÚúÏöäö ÇáÔøóÑöíÝö¡ áöãóÇ Ýöíåöãú ãöäó ÇáúÅöíãóÇäö æóÇáúÚóãóáö ÇáÕøóÇáöÍö.
æóãóäú áóãú íóÊøóÕöÝú ÈöÐóáößó ãöäúåõãú áóãú íóÏúÎõáú Ýöí ÇáúãóÏúÍö (1) ¡ ßóãóÇ Ýöí Þóæúáöåö ÊóÚóÇáóì: {æóáóÞóÏú ÃóÑúÓóáúäóÇ äõæÍðÇ æóÅöÈúÑóÇåöíãó æóÌóÚóáúäóÇ Ýöí ÐõÑøöíøóÊöåöãóÇ ÇáäøõÈõæøóÉó æóÇáúßöÊóÇÈó Ýóãöäúåõãú ãõåúÊóÏò æóßóËöíÑñ ãöäúåõãú ÝóÇÓöÞõæäó} [ÓõæÑóÉõ ÇáúÍóÏöíÏö: 26] ¡ æóÞóÇáó ÊóÚóÇáóì: {æóÈóÇÑóßúäóÇ Úóáóíúåö æóÚóáóì ÅöÓúÍóÇÞó æóãöäú ÐõÑøöíøóÊöåöãóÇ ãõÍúÓöäñ æóÙóÇáöãñ áöäóÝúÓöåö ãõÈöíäñ} [ÓõæÑóÉõ ÇáÕøóÇÝøóÇÊö: 113] .
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(1) ÚöÈóÇÑóÉõ: " áóãú íóÏúÎõáú Ýöí ÇáúãóÏúÍö " ÓóÇÞöØóÉñ ãöäú (Ó) ¡ (È) .(8/218)
æóÝöí ÇáúÞõÑúÂäö ÇáËøóäóÇÁõ æóÇáúãóÏúÍõ áöáÕøóÍóÇÈóÉö ÈöÅöíãóÇäöåöãú æóÃóÚúãóÇáöåöãú Ýöí ÛóíúÑö ÂíóÉò¡ ßóÞóæúáöåö: {æóÇáÓøóÇÈöÞõæäó ÇáúÃóæøóáõæäó ãöäó ÇáúãõåóÇÌöÑöíäó æóÇáúÃóäúÕóÇÑö æóÇáøóÐöíäó ÇÊøóÈóÚõæåõãú ÈöÅöÍúÓóÇäò ÑóÖöíó Çááøóåõ Úóäúåõãú æóÑóÖõæÇ Úóäúåõ} [ÓõæÑóÉõ ÇáÊøóæúÈóÉö: 100] .
æóÞóæúáöåö: {áóÇ íóÓúÊóæöí ãöäúßõãú ãóäú ÃóäúÝóÞó ãöäú ÞóÈúáö ÇáúÝóÊúÍö æóÞóÇÊóáó ÃõæáóÆößó ÃóÚúÙóãõ ÏóÑóÌóÉð ãöäó ÇáøóÐöíäó ÃóäúÝóÞõæÇ ãöäú ÈóÚúÏõ æóÞóÇÊóáõæÇ æóßõáøðÇ æóÚóÏó Çááøóåõ ÇáúÍõÓúäóì} [ÓõæÑóÉõ ÇáúÍóÏöíÏö: 10] .
æóÞóæúáöåö: {áóÞóÏú ÑóÖöíó Çááøóåõ Úóäö ÇáúãõÄúãöäöíäó ÅöÐú íõÈóÇíöÚõæäóßó ÊóÍúÊó ÇáÔøóÌóÑóÉö ÝóÚóáöãó ãóÇ Ýöí ÞõáõæÈöåöãú ÝóÃóäúÒóáó ÇáÓøóßöíäóÉó Úóáóíúåöãú æóÃóËóÇÈóåõãú ÝóÊúÍðÇ ÞóÑöíÈðÇ} [ÓõæÑóÉõ ÇáúÝóÊúÍö: 18] .
æóÞóæúáöåö: {åõæó ÇáøóÐöí ÃóäúÒóáó ÇáÓøóßöíäóÉó Ýöí ÞõáõæÈö ÇáúãõÄúãöäöíäó áöíóÒúÏóÇÏõæÇ ÅöíãóÇäðÇ ãóÚó ÅöíãóÇäöåöãú} [ÓõæÑóÉõ ÇáúÝóÊúÍö: 4] .
æóÞóæúáöåö: {áöáúÝõÞóÑóÇÁö ÇáúãõåóÇÌöÑöíäó ÇáøóÐöíäó ÃõÎúÑöÌõæÇ ãöäú ÏöíÇÑöåöãú æóÃóãúæóÇáöåöãú íóÈúÊóÛõæäó ÝóÖúáðÇ ãöäó Çááøóåö æóÑöÖúæóÇäðÇ æóíóäúÕõÑõæäó Çááøóåó æóÑóÓõæáóåõ ÃõæáóÆößó åõãõ ÇáÕøóÇÏöÞõæäó - æóÇáøóÐöíäó ÊóÈóæøóÁõæÇ ÇáÏøóÇÑó æóÇáúÅöíãóÇäó ãöäú ÞóÈúáöåöãú íõÍöÈøõæäó ãóäú åóÇÌóÑó Åöáóíúåöãú æóáóÇ íóÌöÏõæäó Ýöí ÕõÏõæÑöåöãú ÍóÇÌóÉð ãöãøóÇ ÃõæÊõæÇ æóíõÄúËöÑõæäó Úóáóì ÃóäúÝõÓöåöãú æóáóæú ßóÇäó Èöåöãú ÎóÕóÇÕóÉñ} [ÓõæÑóÉõ ÇáúÍóÔúÑö: 8 - 9] . æóÞóæúáöåö: {ãõÍóãøóÏñ ÑóÓõæáõ Çááøóåö æóÇáøóÐöíäó ãóÚóåõ} [ÓõæÑóÉõ ÇáúÝóÊúÍö: 29] ÇáúÂíóÉó.
æóåóßóÐóÇ Ýöí ÇáúÞõÑúÂäö ÇáËøóäóÇÁõ Úóáóì ÇáúãõÄúãöäöíäó ãöäó ÇáúÃõãøóÉö¡ ÃóæøóáöåóÇ æóÂÎöÑöåóÇ¡ Úóáóì ÇáúãõÊøóÞöíäó æóÇáúãõÍúÓöäöíäó¡ æóÇáúãõÞúÓöØöíäó æóÇáÕøóÇáöÍöíäó¡ æóÃóãúËóÇáö åóÐöåö ÇáúÃóäúæóÇÚö.
æóÃóãøóÇ ÇáäøóÓóÈõ ÝóÝöí ÇáúÞõÑúÂäö ÅöËúÈóÇÊõ ÍóÞøò áöÐóæöí ÇáúÞõÑúÈóì ßóãóÇ ÐõßöÑõæÇ åõãú Ýöí(8/219)
ÂíóÉö ÇáúÎõãúÓö æóÇáúÝóíúÁö. æóÝöí ÇáúÞõÑúÂäö ÃóãúÑñ áóåõãú (1) ÈöãóÇ íõÐúåöÈõ Úóäúåõãõ ÇáÑøöÌúÓó æóíõØóåøöÑõåõãú ÊóØúåöíÑðÇ. æóÝöí ÇáúÞõÑúÂäö ÇáúÃóãúÑõ ÈöÇáÕøóáóÇÉö Úóáóì ÇáäøóÈöíøö - Õóáøóì Çááøóåõ Úóáóíúåö æóÓóáøóãó - æóÞóÏú ÝõÓøöÑó Ðóáößó ÈöÃóäú íõÕóáøóì Úóáóíúåö æóÚóáóì Âáöåö. æóÝöí ÇáúÞõÑúÂäö ÇáúÃóãúÑõ ÈöãóÍóÈøóÉö Çááøóåö æóãóÍóÈøóÉö ÑóÓõæáöåö¡ æóãóÍóÈøóÉõ Ãóåúáöåö ãöäú ÊóãóÇãö ãóÍóÈøóÊöåö. æóÝöí ÇáúÞõÑúÂäö Ãóäøó ÃóÒúæóÇÌóåõ ÃõãøóåóÇÊõ ÇáúãõÄúãöäöíäó.
æóáóíúÓó Ýöí ÇáúÞõÑúÂäö ãóÏúÍõ ÃóÍóÏò áöãõÌóÑøóÏö ßóæúäöåö ãöäú Ðóæöí ÇáúÞõÑúÈóì æóÃóåúáö ÇáúÈóíúÊö¡ æóáóÇ ÇáËøóäóÇÁõ Úóáóíúåöãú ÈöÐóáößó¡ æóáóÇ ÐößúÑõ ÇÓúÊöÍúÞóÇÞöåö ÇáúÝóÖöíáóÉó ÚöäúÏó Çááøóåö ÈöÐóáößó¡ æóáóÇ ÊóÝúÖöíáõåõ Úóáóì ãóäú íõÓóÇæöíåö Ýöí ÇáÊøóÞúæóì ÈöÐóáößó.
æóÅöäú ßóÇäó ÞóÏú ÐóßóÑó ãóÇ ÐóßóÑóåõ ãöäö ÇÕúØöÝóÇÁö Âáö ÅöÈúÑóÇåöíãó æóÇÕúØöÝóÇÁö Èóäöí ÅöÓúÑóÇÆöíáó¡ ÝóÐóÇßó ÃóãúÑñ ãóÇÖò¡ ÝóÃóÎúÈóÑóäóÇ Èöåö Ýöí (2) ÌóÚúáöåö ÚöÈúÑóÉð áóäóÇ¡ ÝóÈóíøóäó ãóÚó Ðóáößó Ãóäøó ÇáúÌóÒóÇÁó æóÇáúãóÏúÍó ÈöÇáúÃóÚúãóÇáö.
æóáöåóÐóÇ ÐóßóÑó ãóÇ ÐóßóÑóåõ ãöäö ÇÕúØöÝóÇÁö Èóäöí ÅöÓúÑóÇÆöíáó¡ æóÐóßóÑó ãóÇ ÐóßóÑóåõ ãöäú ßõÝúÑö ãóäú ßóÝóÑó ãöäúåõãú æóÐõäõæÈöåöãú æóÚõÞõæÈóÊöåöãú¡ ÝóÐóßóÑó Ýöíåöãõ ÇáäøóæúÚóíúäö: ÇáËøóæóÇÈó æóÇáúÚöÞóÇÈó.
æóåóÐóÇ ãöäú ÊóãóÇãö ÊóÍúÞöíÞö Ãóäøó ÇáäøóÓóÈó ÇáÔøóÑöíÝó ÞóÏú íóÞúÊóÑöäõ Èöåö ÇáúãóÏúÍõ ÊóÇÑóÉð Åöäú ßóÇäó ÕóÇÍöÈõåõ ãöäú Ãóåúáö ÇáúÅöíãóÇäö æóÇáÊøóÞúæóì¡ æóÅöáøóÇ ÝóÅöäøó Ðóãøó ÕóÇÍöÈöåö ÃóßúËóÑõ¡ ßóãóÇ ßóÇäó ÇáÐøóãøõ áöãóäú Ðõãøó ãöäú Èóäöí ÅöÓúÑóÇÆöíáó æóÐõÑøöíøóÉö ÅöÈúÑóÇåöíãó¡ æóßóÐóáößó ÇáúãõÕóÇåóÑóÉõ.
ÞóÇáó ÊóÚóÇáóì: {ÖóÑóÈó Çááøóåõ ãóËóáðÇ áöáøóÐöíäó ßóÝóÑõæÇ ÇöãúÑóÃóÉó äõæÍò æóÇãúÑóÃóÉó áõæØò ßóÇäóÊóÇ ÊóÍúÊó ÚóÈúÏóíúäö ãöäú ÚöÈóÇÏöäóÇ ÕóÇáöÍóíúäö ÝóÎóÇäóÊóÇåõãóÇ Ýóáóãú íõÛúäöíóÇ ÚóäúåõãóÇ ãöäó Çááøóåö ÔóíúÆðÇ æóÞöíáó ÇÏúÎõáóÇ ÇáäøóÇÑó ãóÚó ÇáÏøóÇÎöáöíäó - æóÖóÑóÈó Çááøóåõ ãóËóáðÇ áöáøóÐöíäó ÂãóäõæÇ ÇöãúÑóÃóÉó ÝöÑúÚóæúäó ÅöÐú ÞóÇáóÊú ÑóÈøö ÇÈúäö áöí ÚöäúÏóßó ÈóíúÊðÇ Ýöí ÇáúÌóäøóÉö æóäóÌøöäöí ãöäú ÝöÑúÚóæúäó æóÚóãóáöåö æóäóÌøöäöí ãöäó ÇáúÞóæúãö ÇáÙøóÇáöãöíäó} [ÓõæÑóÉõ ÇáÊøóÍúÑöíãö: 10 - 11] .
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(1) ä¡ Ó¡ È: áöÐóæöí ÇáúÞõÑúÈóì ßóãóÇ ÐóßóÑõæåõãú¡ æóÝöí ÇáúÞõÑúÂäö ÂíóÉõ ÇáúÎõãúÓö æóÇáúÝóíúÁö¡ æóÝöí (È: æóÝöíåö) ÃóãúÑñ áóåõãú. . . æóÇáúãõËúÈóÊõ - æóåõæó ÇáÕøóæóÇÈõ ãöäú (ã) .
(2) ä¡ Ó: ÝóÃóÎúÈóÑó ÈöÃóäøóåõ Ýöí. . .¡ È: ÝóÃóÎúÈóÑó ÈöÃóäøó Ýöí. . .(8/220)
æóÅöÐóÇ ÊóÈóíøóäó åóÐóÇ ÝóíõÞóÇáõ: ÅöÐóÇ ßóÇäó ÇáÑøóÌõáõ ÃóÚúÌóãöíøðÇ¡ æóÇáúÂÎóÑõ ãöäó ÇáúÚóÑóÈö¡ ÝóäóÍúäõ æóÅöäú ßõäøóÇ äóÞõæáõ ãõÌúãóáðÇ: Åöäøó ÇáúÚóÑóÈó ÃóÝúÖóáõ ÌõãúáóÉð¡ ÝóÞóÏú ÞóÇáó ÇáäøóÈöíøõ - Õóáøóì Çááøóåõ Úóáóíúåö æóÓóáøóãó - ÝöíãóÇ ÑóæóÇåõ ÃóÈõæ ÏóÇæõÏó æóÛóíúÑõåõ: " «áóÇ ÝóÖúáó áöÚóÑóÈöíøò Úóáóì ÚóÌóãöíøò¡ æóáóÇ áöÚóÌóãöíøò Úóáóì ÚóÑóÈöíøò¡ æóáóÇ áöÃóÈúíóÖó Úóáóì ÃóÓúæóÏó¡ æóáóÇ áöÃóÓúæóÏó Úóáóì ÃóÈúíóÖó¡ ÅöáøóÇ ÈöÇáÊøóÞúæóì. ÇáäøóÇÓõ ãöäú ÂÏóãó¡ æóÂÏóãõ ãöäú ÊõÑóÇÈò» " (1) .
æóÞóÇáó: " «Åöäøó Çááøóåó ÞóÏú ÃóÐúåóÈó Úóäúßõãú ÚõÈøöíøóÉó ÇáúÌóÇåöáöíøóÉö æóÝóÎúÑóåóÇ ÈöÇáúÂÈóÇÁö. ÇáäøóÇÓõ ÑóÌõáóÇäö: ãõÄúãöäñ ÊóÞöíøñ¡ æóÝóÇÌöÑñ ÔóÞöíøñ» " (2) .
æóáöÐóáößó ÅöÐóÇ ßóÇäó ÇáÑøóÌõáõ ãöäú ÃóÝúäóÇÁö ÇáúÚóÑóÈö [æóÇáúÚóÌóãö] (3) ¡ æóÂÎóÑõ ãöäú ÞõÑóíúÔò¡ ÝóåõãóÇ (4) ÚöäúÏó Çááøóåö ÈöÍóÓóÈö ÊóÞúæóÇåõãóÇ: Åöäú ÊóãóÇËóáóÇ ÝöíåóÇ ÊóãóÇËóáóÇ Ýöí ÇáÏøóÑóÌóÉö ÚöäúÏó Çááøóåö¡ æóÅöäú ÊóÝóÇÖóáóÇ ÝöíåóÇ ÊóÝóÇÖóáóÇ Ýöí ÇáÏøóÑóÌóÉö. æóßóÐóáößó ÅöÐóÇ ßóÇäó ÑóÌõáñ ãöäú Èóäöí åóÇÔöãò¡ æóÑóÌõáñ ãöäó ÇáäøóÇÓö Ãóæö ÇáúÚóÑóÈö (5) Ãóæö ÇáúÚóÌóãö¡ ÝóÃóÝúÖóáõåõãóÇ ÚöäúÏó Çááøóåö ÃóÊúÞóÇåõãóÇ¡ ÝóÅöäú ÊóãóÇËóáóÇ Ýöí ÇáÊøóÞúæóì ÊóãóÇËóáóÇ Ýöí ÇáÏøóÑóÌóÉö¡ æóáóÇ íóÝúÖõáõ ÃóÍóÏõåõãóÇ ÚöäúÏó Çááøóåö áóÇ (6) ÈöÃóÈöíåö æóáóÇ ÇÈúäöåö¡ æóáóÇ ÈöÒóæúÌóÊöåö¡ æóáóÇ ÈöÚóãøöåö¡ æóáóÇ ÈöÃóÎöíåö.
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(1) ÓóÈóÞó åóÐóÇ ÇáúÍóÏöíËõ ÝöíãóÇ ãóÖóì 4/606
(2) ÓóÈóÞó åóÐóÇ ÇáúÍóÏöíËõ ÝöíãóÇ ãóÖóì 1/521
(3) æóÇáúÚóÌóãö: ÒöíóÇÏóÉñ Ýöí (ã)
(4) ä¡ ã¡ Ó: Ýóåõãú
(5) ä¡ Ó¡ È: æóÑóÌõáñ ãöäú ÃóÝúäóÇÁö ÞõÑóíúÔò Ãóæö ÇáúÚóÑóÈö¡ æóåõæó ÎóØóÃñ.
(6) áóÇ: ÓóÇÞöØóÉñ ãöäú (Ó) ¡ (È) .(8/221)
ßóãóÇ Ãóäøó ÇáÑøóÌõáóíúäö Åöäú ßóÇäóÇ ÚóÇáöãóíúäö ÈöÇáØøöÈøö Ãóæö ÇáúÍöÓóÇÈö¡ Ãóæö ÇáúÝöÞúåö Ãóæö ÇáäøóÍúæö¡ Ãóæú ÛóíúÑö Ðóáößó¡ ÝóÃóßúãóáõåõãóÇ ÈöÇáúÚöáúãö ÈöÐóáößó ÃóÚúáóãõåõãóÇ Èöåö¡ (* ÝóÅöäú ÊóÓóÇæóíóÇ Ýöí Ðóáößó ÊóÓóÇæóíóÇ Ýöí ÇáúÚöáúãö¡ æóáóÇ íóßõæäõ ÃóÍóÏõåõãóÇ ÃóÚúáóãó Èößóæúäö ÃóÈöíåö Ãóæö ÇÈúäöåö (1) ÃóÚúáóãó ãöäó ÇáúÂÎóÑö. æóåóßóÐóÇ Ýöí ÇáÔøóÌóÇÚóÉö æóÇáúßóÑóãö¡ æóÇáÒøõåúÏö æóÇáÏøöíäö.
ÅöÐóÇ ÊóÈóíøóäó Ðóáößó¡ ÝóÇáúÝóÖóÇÆöáõ ÇáúÎóÇÑöÌöíøóÉõ áóÇ ÚöÈúÑóÉó ÈöåóÇ ÚöäúÏó Çááøóåö ÊóÚóÇáóì *) (2) ¡ ÅöáøóÇ Ãóäú Êóßõæäó ÓóÈóÈðÇ Ýöí ÒöíóÇÏóÉö ÇáúÝóÖóÇÆöáö ÇáÏøóÇÎöáöíøóÉö (3) . æóÍöíäóÆöÐò ÝóÊóßõæäõ ÇáúÝóÖöíáóÉõ ÈöÇáúÝóÖóÇÆöáö ÇáÏøóÇÎöáöíøóÉö (4) ¡ æóÃóãøóÇ ÇáúÝóÖóÇÆöáõ ÇáúÈóÏóäöíøóÉõ ÝóáóÇ ÇÚúÊöÈóÇÑó ÈöåóÇ Åöäú áóãú Êóßõäú ÕóÇÏöÑóÉð Úóäö ÇáúÝóÖöíáóÉö ÇáäøóÝúÓóÇäöíøóÉö.
æóÅöáøóÇ Ýóãóäú Õóáøóì æóÕóÇãó¡ æóÞóÇÊóáó æóÊóÕóÏøóÞó¡ ÈöÛóíúÑö äöíøóÉò ÎóÇáöÕóÉò áóãú íõÝóÖøóáú ÈöÐóáößó ; ÝóÇáöÇÚúÊöÈóÇÑõ ÈöÇáúÞóáúÈö.
ßóãóÇ Ýöí ÇáÕøóÍöíÍóíúäö Úóäö ÇáäøóÈöíøö - Õóáøóì Çááøóåõ Úóáóíúåö æóÓóáøóãó - Ãóäøóåõ ÞóÇáó: " «ÃóáóÇ Åöäøó Ýöí ÇáúÌóÓóÏö ãõÖúÛóÉð ÅöÐóÇ ÕóáóÍóÊú ÕóáóÍó áóåóÇ ÓóÇÆöÑõ ÇáúÌóÓóÏö¡ æóÅöÐóÇ ÝóÓóÏóÊú ÝóÓóÏó áóåóÇ ÓóÇÆöÑõ ÇáúÌóÓóÏö¡ ÃóáóÇ æóåöíó ÇáúÞóáúÈõ» " (5) .
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(1) ä: íóßõæäõ ÇÈúäóåõ Ãóæú ÃóÈöíåö
(2) ãóÇ Èóíúäó ÇáäøóÌúãóÊóíúäö ÓóÇÞöØñ ãöäú (ã)
(3) ä¡ Ó¡ È: ÇáÏøóÇÎöáóÉö.
(4) ä¡ Ó¡ È: ÇáÏøóÇÎöáóÉö.
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æóÍöíäóÆöÐò Ýóãóäú ßóÇäó Ãóßúãóáó (1) Ýöí ÇáúÝóÖóÇÆöáö ÇáäøóÝúÓóÇäöíøóÉö Ýóåõæó ÃóÝúÖóáõ ãõØúáóÞðÇ. æóÃóåúáõ ÇáÓøõäøóÉö áóÇ íõäóÇÒöÚõæäó (2) Ýöí ßóãóÇáö Úóáöíøò¡ æóÃóäøóåõ Ýöí ÇáÏøóÑóÌóÉö ÇáúÚõáúíóÇ ãöäó ÇáúßóãóÇáö¡ æóÅöäøóãóÇ ÇáäøöÒóÇÚõ Ýöí ßóæúäöåö Ãóßúãóáó ãöäó ÇáËøóáóÇËóÉö (3) ¡ æóÃóÍóÞøó ÈöÇáúÅöãóÇãóÉö ãöäúåõãú¡ æóáóíúÓó ÝöíãóÇ ÐóßóÑóåõ ãóÇ íóÏõáøõ Úóáóì Ðóáößó.
æóåóÐóÇ ÇáúÈóÇÈõ áöáäøóÇÓö Ýöíåö ØóÑöíÞóÇäö:
ãöäúåõãú ãóäú íóÞõæáõ: Åöäøó ÊóÝúÖöíáó ÈóÚúÖö ÇáúÃóÔúÎóÇÕö Úóáóì ÈóÚúÖò ÚöäúÏö Çááøóåö áóÇ íõÚúáóãõ ÅöáøóÇ ÈöÇáÊøóæúÞöíÝö (4) ; ÝóÅöäøó ÍóÞóÇÆöÞó ãóÇ Ýöí ÇáúÞõáõæÈö æóãóÑóÇÊöÈóåóÇ ÚöäúÏó Çááøóåö ãöãøóÇ ÇÓúÊóÃúËóÑó Çááøóåõ Èöåö¡ ÝóáóÇ íõÚúáóãõ Ðóáößó ÅöáøóÇ ÈöÇáúÎóÈóÑö (5) ÇáÕøóÇÏöÞö ÇáøóÐöí íõÎúÈöÑõ Úóäö Çááøóåö.
æóãöäúåõãú ãóäú íóÞõæáõ: ÞóÏú íõÚúáóãõ Ðóáößó ÈöÇáöÇÓúÊöÏúáóÇáö.
æóÃóåúáõ ÇáÓøõäøóÉö íóÞõæáõæäó: Åöäøó ßõáøðÇ ãöäó ÇáØøóÑöíÞóíúäö ÅöÐóÇ ÃõÚúØöíó ÍóÞøóåõ ãöäó ÇáÓøõáõæßö Ïóáøó Úóáóì Ãóäøó ßõáøðÇ ãöäó ÇáËøóáóÇËóÉö Ãóßúãóáõ ãöäú Úóáöíøò. æóíóÞõæáõæäó: äóÍúäõ äõÞóÑøöÑõ Ðóáößó Ýöí ÚõËúãóÇäó¡ ÝóÅöÐóÇ ËóÈóÊó Ðóáößó Ýöí ÚõËúãóÇäó¡ ßóÇäó Ýöí ÃóÈöí ÈóßúÑò æóÚõãóÑó ÈöØóÑöíÞö ÇáúÃóæúáóì ; ÝóÅöäøó ÊóÝúÖöíáó ÃóÈöí ÈóßúÑò æóÚõãóÑó Úóáóì ÚõËúãóÇäó áóãú íõäóÇÒöÚú Ýöíåö ÃóÍóÏñ¡ Èóáú (6) æóÊóÝúÖöíáõåõãóÇ Úóáóì ÚõËúãóÇäó æóÚóáöíøò áóãú íóÊóäóÇÒóÚú (7) Ýöíåö ãóäú áóåõ ÚöäúÏó ÇáúÃõãøóÉö ÞóÏúÑñ: áóÇ ãöäó ÇáÕøóÍóÇÈóÉö¡ æóáóÇ ÇáÊøóÇÈöÚöíäó¡ æóáóÇ ÃóÆöãøóÉö ÇáÓøõäøóÉö¡ Èóáú ÅöÌúãóÇÚõ ÇáúãõÓúáöãöíäó [Úóáóì
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(1) ä¡ Ó¡ È: ÃóÚúÙóãó
(2) ã: áóÇ íóÊóäóÇÒóÚõæäó.
(3) ã: Ãóßúãóáó ÇáËøóáóÇËóÉö.
(4) ä¡ Ó: ÅöáøóÇ ÈöÇáÊøóæóÞøõÝö.
(5) È: ÈöÎóÈóÑö. .
(6) Èóáú ÓóÇÞöØóÉñ ãöäú (Ó) (È) .
(7) ã: áóãú íõäóÇÒöÚú.(8/223)
Ðóáößó] (1) ÞóÑúäðÇ ÈóÚúÏó ÞóÑúäò¡ ÃóÚúÙóãõ ãöäú ÅöÌúãóÇÚöåöãú Úóáóì ÅöËúÈóÇÊö ÔóÝóÇÚóÉö äóÈöíøöäóÇ Ýöí Ãóåúáö ÇáúßóÈóÇÆöÑö æóÎõÑõæÌöåöãú ãöäó ÇáäøóÇÑö¡ æóÚóáóì ÅöËúÈóÇÊö ÇáúÍóæúÖö æóÇáúãöíÒóÇäö¡ æóÚóáóì ÞöÊóÇáö ÇáúÎóæóÇÑöÌö æóãóÇäöÚöí ÇáÒøóßóÇÉö¡ æóÚóáóì ÕöÍøóÉö ÅöÌóÇÑóÉö ÇáúÚóÞóÇÑö¡ æóÊóÍúÑöíãö äößóÇÍö ÇáúãóÑúÃóÉö Úóáóì ÚóãøóÊöåóÇ æóÎóÇáóÊöåóÇ.
Èóáú ÅöíãóÇäõ (2) ÃóÈöí ÈóßúÑò æóÚõãóÑó æóÚóÏóÇáóÊõåõãóÇ ãöãøóÇ (3) æóÇÝóÞóÊú Úóáóíúåö ÇáúÎóæóÇÑöÌõ - ãóÚó ÊóÚóäøõÊöåöãú - æóåõãú íõäóÇÒöÚõæäó Ýöí ÅöíãóÇäö Úóáöíøò æóÚõËúãóÇäó. æóÇÊøóÝóÞóÊö ÇáúÎóæóÇÑöÌõ Úóáóì ÊóßúÝöíÑö Úóáöíøò¡ æóÞóÏúÍõåõãú Ýöíåö ÃóßúËóÑõ (4) ãöäú ÞóÏúÍöåöãú Ýöí ÚõËúãóÇäó. æóÇáÒøóíúÏöíøóÉõ ÈöÇáúÚóßúÓö. æóÇáúãõÚúÊóÒöáóÉõ ßóÇäó ÞõÏóãóÇÄõåõãú íóãöíáõæäó Åöáóì ÇáúÎóæóÇÑöÌö¡ æóãõÊóÃóÎøöÑõæåõãú íóãöíáõæäó Åöáóì ÇáÒøóíúÏöíøóÉö. ßóãóÇ Ãóäøó ÇáÑøóÇÝöÖóÉó (5) ÞõÏóãóÇÄõåõãú íõÕóÑøöÍõæäó ÈöÇáÊøóÌúÓöíãö¡ æóãõÊóÃóÎøöÑõæåõãú Úóáóì Þóæúáö ÇáúÌóåúãöíøóÉö æóÇáúãõÚúÊóÒöáóÉö. æóßóÇäóÊö ÇáÔøöíÚóÉõ ÇáúÃõæáóì áóÇ íóÔõßøõæäó Ýöí ÊóÞúÏöíãö ÃóÈöí ÈóßúÑò æóÚõãóÑó. æóÃóãøóÇ ÚõËúãóÇäõ ÝóßóËöíÑñ ãöäó ÇáäøóÇÓö íõÝóÖøöáõ Úóáóíúåö ÚóáöíøðÇ¡ æóåóÐóÇ Þóæúáõ ßóËöíÑò ãöäó ÇáúßõæÝöíøöíäó æóÛóíúÑöåöãú¡ æóåõæó ÇáúÞóæúáõ ÇáúÃóæøóáõ áöáËøóæúÑöíøö¡ Ëõãøó ÑóÌóÚó Úóäúåõ. æóØóÇÆöÝóÉñ ÃõÎúÑóì áóÇ ÊõÝóÖøöáõ ÃóÍóÏóåõãóÇ Úóáóì ÕóÇÍöÈöåö.
æóåõæó ÇáøóÐöí ÍóßóÇåõ ÇÈúäõ ÇáúÞóÇÓöãö (6) Úóäú ãóÇáößò Úóãøóäú ÃóÏúÑóßóåõ ãöäó ÇáúãóÏóäöíøöíäó¡ áóßöäú ÞóÇáó: ãóÇ ÃóÏúÑóßúÊõ ÃóÍóÏðÇ ãöãøóäú íõÞúÊóÏóì Èöåö íõÝóÖøöáõ ÃóÍóÏóåõãóÇ Úóáóì ÕóÇÍöÈöåö. æóåóÐóÇ íóÍúÊóãöáõ ÇáÓøõßõæÊó Úóäö ÇáúßóáóÇãö Ýöí Ðóáößó¡ ÝóáóÇ íóßõæäõ ÞóæúáðÇ¡ æóåõæó ÇáúÃóÙúåóÑõ¡ æóíóÍúÊóãöáõ ÇáÊøóÓúæöíóÉó ÈóíúäóåõãóÇ. æóÐóßóÑó ÇÈúäõ ÇáúÞóÇÓöãö (7) Úóäúåõ Ãóäøóåõ áóãú íõÏúÑößú
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(1) Úóáóì Ðóáößó: ÒöíóÇÏóÉñ Ýöí (È)
(2) ä¡ ã¡ Ó: Èóáú Úóáóì ÅöíãóÇäö.
(3) Ó: ÈöãóÇ
(4) ã: ÃóÚúÙóãõ.
(5) ä¡ ã: ÇáÑøóæóÇÝöÖó.
(6) ã: ÃóÈõæ ÇáúÞóÇÓöãö.
(7) ã: ÃóÈõæ ÇáúÞóÇÓöãö.(8/224)
ÃóÍóÏðÇ ãöãøóäú íõÞúÊóÏóì Èöåö íóÔõßøõ Ýöí ÊóÞúÏöíãö ÃóÈöí ÈóßúÑò æóÚõãóÑó Úóáóì ÚõËúãóÇäó æóÚóáöíøò.
æóÃóãøóÇ ÌõãúåõæÑõ ÇáäøóÇÓö ÝóÝóÖøóáõæÇ ÚõËúãóÇäó¡ æóÚóáóíúåö ÇÓúÊóÞóÑøó ÃóãúÑõ (1) Ãóåúáö ÇáÓøõäøóÉö¡ æóåõæó ãóÐúåóÈõ Ãóåúáö ÇáúÍóÏöíËö¡ æóãóÔóÇíöÎö ÇáÒøõåúÏö æóÇáÊøóÕóæøõÝö¡ æóÃóÆöãøóÉö ÇáúÝõÞóåóÇÁö: ßóÇáÔøóÇÝöÚöíøö æóÃóÕúÍóÇÈöåö¡ æóÃóÍúãóÏó æóÃóÕúÍóÇÈöåö¡ æóÃóÈöí ÍóäöíÝóÉó æóÃóÕúÍóÇÈöåö¡ æóÅöÍúÏóì ÇáÑøöæóÇíóÊóíúäö Úóäú ãóÇáößò æóÚóáóíúåóÇ ÃóÕúÍóÇÈõåõ (2) .
ÞóÇáó ãóÇáößñ: áóÇ ÃóÌúÚóáõ ãóäú ÎóÇÖó Ýöí ÇáÏøöãóÇÁö ßóãóäú áóãú íóÎõÖú ÝöíåóÇ. æóÞóÇáó ÇáÔøóÇÝöÚöíøõ æóÛóíúÑõåõ: Åöäøóåõ ÈöåóÐóÇ ÞóÕóÏó æóÇáöíó ÇáúãóÏöíäóÉö ÇáúåóÇÔöãöíøó¡ ÖóÑóÈó ãóÇáößðÇ¡ æóÌóÚóáó ØóáóÇÞó ÇáúãõßúÑóåö ÓóÈóÈðÇ ÙóÇåöÑðÇ.
æóåõæó ÃóíúÖðÇ ãóÐúåóÈõ ÌóãóÇåöíÑö Ãóåúáö ÇáúßóáóÇãö: ÇáúßóÑøóÇãöíøóÉö æóÇáúßõáøóÇÈöíøóÉö æóÇáúÃóÔúÚóÑöíøóÉö æóÇáúãõÚúÊóÒöáóÉö.
æóÞóÇáó ÃóíøõæÈõ ÇáÓøöÎúÊöíóÇäöíøõ: ãóäú áóãú íõÞóÏøöãú ÚõËúãóÇäó Úóáóì Úóáöíøò ÝóÞóÏú ÃóÒúÑóì ÈöÇáúãõåóÇÌöÑöíäó æóÇáúÃóäúÕóÇÑö. æóåóßóÐóÇ ÞóÇáó ÃóÍúãóÏõ æóÇáÏøóÇÑóÞõØúäöíøõ æóÛóíúÑõåõãóÇ: Ãóäøóåõãõ ÇÊøóÝóÞõæÇ Úóáóì ÊóÞúÏöíãö ÚõËúãóÇäó ; æóáöåóÐóÇ ÊóäóÇÒóÚõæÇ Ýöíãóäú áóãú íõÞóÏøöãú ÚõËúãóÇäó¡ åóáú íõÚóÏøõ ãõÈúÊóÏöÚðÇ¿ Úóáóì Þóæúáóíúäö¡ åõãóÇ ÑöæóÇíóÊóÇäö Úóäú ÃóÍúãóÏó.
ÝóÅöÐóÇ ÞóÇãó ÇáÏøóáöíáõ Úóáóì ÊóÞúÏöíãö ÚõËúãóÇäó ßóÇäó ãóÇ ÓöæóÇåõ ÃóæúßóÏó.
æóÃóãøóÇ ÇáØøóÑöíÞõ ÇáÊøóæúÞöíÝöíøõ (3) ÝóÇáäøóÕøõ æóÇáúÅöÌúãóÇÚõ: ÃóãøóÇ ÇáäøóÕøõ ÝóÝöí ÇáÕøóÍöíÍóíúäö Úóäö ÇÈúäö ÚõãóÑó ÞóÇáó: ßõäøóÇ äóÞõæáõ æóÑóÓõæáõ Çááøóåö - Õóáøóì Çááøóåõ Úóáóíúåö æóÓóáøóãó - Íóíøñ: ÃóÝúÖóáõ ÃõãøóÉö ÇáäøóÈöíøö - Õóáøóì Çááøóåõ Úóáóíúåö æóÓóáøóãó - ÈóÚúÏóåõ ÃóÈõæ ÈóßúÑò¡ Ëõãøó ÚõãóÑõ¡ Ëõãøó ÚõËúãóÇäõ (4) .
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(1) ã: æóÚóáóíúåö ÇÓúÊöÞúÑóÇÑõ. . .
(2) Ó¡ È: Úóäú ãóÇáößò æóÃóÕúÍóÇÈöåö.
(3) ä¡ ã: ÇáÊøóæúÝöíÞöíøõ¡ æóåõæó ÊóÍúÑöíÝñ.
(4) ÓóÈóÞó åóÐóÇ ÇáúÃóËóÑõ ÈöãóÚúäóÇåõ ãöäú ÞóÈúáõ æóÃóæøóáõåõ åõäóÇßó: ßõäøóÇ äõÝóÇÖöáõ ÅöáóÎú.(8/225)
æóÃóãøóÇ ÇáúÅöÌúãóÇÚõ ÝóÇáäøóÞúáõ ÇáÕøóÍöíÍõ ÞóÏú ÃóËúÈóÊó Ãóäøó ÚõãóÑó ÞóÏú ÌóÚóáó ÇáúÃóãúÑó ÔõæÑóì Ýöí ÓöÊøóÉò¡ æóÃóäøó ËóáóÇËóÉð ÊóÑóßõæåõ áöËóáóÇËóÉò: ÚõËúãóÇäó æóÚóáöíøò æóÚóÈúÏö ÇáÑøóÍúãóäö¡ æóÃóäøó ÇáËøóáóÇËóÉó ÇÊøóÝóÞõæÇ Úóáóì Ãóäøó ÚóÈúÏó ÇáÑøóÍúãóäö íóÎúÊóÇÑõ æóÇÍöÏðÇ ãöäúåõãóÇ¡ æóÈóÞöíó ÚóÈúÏõ ÇáÑøóÍúãóäö ËóáóÇËóÉó ÃóíøóÇãò: ÍóáóÝó Ãóäøóåõ áóãú íóäóãú ÝöíåóÇ ßóÈöíÑó äóæúãò (1) íõÔóÇæöÑõ ÇáúãõÓúáöãöíäó.
æóÞóÏö ÇÌúÊóãóÚó (2) ÈöÇáúãóÏöíäóÉö Ãóåúáõ ÇáúÍóáøö æóÇáúÚóÞúÏö¡ ÍóÊøóì ÃõãóÑóÇÁõ ÇáúÃóäúÕóÇÑö¡ æóÈóÚúÏó Ðóáößó ÇÊøóÝóÞõæÇ Úóáóì ãõÈóÇíóÚóÉö ÚõËúãóÇäó ÈöÛóíúÑö ÑóÛúÈóÉò æóáóÇ ÑóåúÈóÉò¡ ÝóíóáúÒóãõ Ãóäú íóßõæäó ÚõËúãóÇäõ åõæó ÇáúÃóÍóÞøó¡ æóãóäú ßóÇäó åõæó ÇáúÃóÍóÞøó ßóÇäó åõæó ÇáúÃóÝúÖóáó ; ÝóÅöäøó ÃóÝúÖóáó ÇáúÎóáúÞö ãóäú ßóÇäó ÃóÍóÞøó Ãóäú íóÞõæãó ãóÞóÇãó ÑóÓõæáö Çááøóåö - Õóáøóì Çááøóåõ Úóáóíúåö æóÓóáøóãó - æóÃóÈöí ÈóßúÑò æóÚõãóÑó.
æóÅöäøóãóÇ ÞõáúäóÇ: íóáúÒóãõ Ãóäú íóßõæäó åõæó ÇáúÃóÍóÞøó ; áöÃóäøóåõ áóæú áóãú íóßõäú Ðóáößó áóáóÒöãó: ÅöãøóÇ Ìóåúáõåõãú¡ æóÅöãøóÇ Ùõáúãõåõãú. ÝóÅöäøóåõ ÅöÐóÇ áóãú íóßõäú ÃóÍóÞøó¡ æóßóÇäó ÛóíúÑõåõ ÃóÍóÞøó¡ ÝóÅöäú áóãú íóÚúáóãõæÇ Ðóáößó ßóÇäõæÇ ÌõåøóÇáðÇ¡ æóÅöäú Úóáöãõæåõ æóÚóÏóáõæÇ Úóäö ÇáúÃóÍóÞøö (3) Åöáóì ÛóíúÑöåö¡ ßóÇäõæÇ ÙóáóãóÉð. ÝóÊóÈóíøóäó Ãóäøó ÚõËúãóÇäó Åöäú áóãú íóßõäú ÃóÍóÞøó¡ áóÒöãó: ÅöãøóÇ Ìóåúáõåõãú æóÅöãøóÇ Ùõáúãõåõãú¡ æóßöáóÇåõãóÇ ãõäúÊóÝò ; áöÃóäøóåõãú ÃóÚúáóãõ ÈöÚõËúãóÇäó æóÚóáöíøò ãöäøóÇ¡ æóÃóÚúáóãõ ÈöãóÇ ÞóÇáóåõ ÇáÑøóÓõæáõ ÝöíåöãóÇ ãöäøóÇ¡ æóÃóÚúáóãõ ÈöãóÇ Ïóáøó Úóáóíúåö ÇáúÞõÑúÂäõ Ýöí Ðóáößó ãöäøóÇ¡ æóáöÃóäøóåõãú ÎóíúÑõ ÇáúÞõÑõæäö¡ ÝóíóãúÊóäöÚõ Ãóäú äóßõæäó äóÍúäõ ÃóÚúáóãó ãöäúåõãú ÈöãöËúáö åóÐöåö ÇáúãóÓóÇÆöáö¡ ãóÚó Ãóäøóåõãú ÃóÍúæóÌõ Åöáóì ÚöáúãöåóÇ ãöäøóÇ ; ÝóÅöäøóåõãú áóæú ÌóåöáõæÇ ãóÓóÇÆöáó ÃõÕõæáö Ïöíäöåöãú æóÚóáöãúäóÇåóÇ äóÍúäõ áóßõäøóÇ ÃóÝúÖóáó ãöäúåõãú¡ æóÐóáößó ãõãúÊóäöÚñ.
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(1) ä¡ Ó: ßóËöíÑðÇ íóæúãó¡ æóåõæó ÊóÍúÑöíÝñ¡ È: ßóËöíÑðÇ
(2) ä¡ Ó¡ È: ÃóÌúãóÚó æóåõæó ÊóÍúÑöíÝñ.
(3) ã: ÇáúÃóÍúæóÇáö¡ æóåõæó ÊóÍúÑöíÝñ¡ Ó¡ È: ÇáúÍóÞøö.(8/226)
æóßóæúäõåõãú ÚóáöãõæÇ ÇáúÍóÞøó æóÚóÏóáõæÇ Úóäúåõ ÃóÚúÙóãõ æóÃóÚúÙóãõ ; ÝóÅöäøó Ðóáößó ÞóÏúÍñ Ýöí ÚóÏóÇáóÊöåöãú¡ æóÐóáößó íóãúäóÚõ Ãóäú íóßõæäõæÇ ÎóíúÑó ÇáúÞõÑõæäö ÈöÇáÖøóÑõæÑóÉö. æóáöÃóäøó ÇáúÞõÑúÂäó ÃóËúäóì Úóáóíúåöãú ËóäóÇÁð (1) íóÞúÊóÖöí ÛóÇíóÉó ÇáúãóÏúÍö¡ ÝóíóãúÊóäöÚõ (2) ÅöÌúãóÇÚõåõãú æóÅöÕúÑóÇÑõåõãú Úóáóì ÇáÙøõáúãö ÇáøóÐöí åõæó ÖóÑóÑñ Ýöí ÍóÞøö ÇáúÃõãøóÉö ßõáøöåóÇ ; ÝóÅöäøó åóÐóÇ áóíúÓó ÙõáúãðÇ áöáúãóãúäõæÚö ãöäó ÇáúæöáóÇíóÉö ÝóÞóØú¡ Èóáú åõæó Ùõáúãñ áößõáøö ãóäú ãóäóÚó äóÝúÚóåõ ãöäú æöáóÇíóÉö ÇáúÃóÍóÞøö ÈöÇáúæöáóÇíóÉö¡ ÝóÅöäøóåõ ÅöÐóÇ ßóÇäó ÑóÇÚöíóÇäö: ÃóÍóÏõåõãóÇ åõæó ÇáøóÐöí íóÕúáõÍõ áöáÑøöÚóÇíóÉö æóíóßõæäõ ÃóÍóÞøó ÈöåóÇ¡ ßóÇäó ãóäúÚõåõ ãöäú ÑöÚóÇíóÊöåóÇ íóÚõæÏõ ÈöäóÞúÕö ÇáúÛóäóãö ÍóÞøóåóÇ ãöäú äóÝúÚöåö.
æóáöÃóäøó ÇáúÞõÑúÂäó æóÇáÓøõäøóÉó ÏóáøóÇ Úóáóì Ãóäøó åóÐöåö ÇáúÃõãøóÉó ÎóíúÑõ ÇáúÃõãóãö¡ æóÃóäøó ÎóíúÑóåóÇ ÃóæøóáõåóÇ¡ ÝóÅöäú ßóÇäõæÇ ãõÕöÑøöíäó Úóáóì Ðóáößó¡ [áóÒöãó] (3) Ãóäú Êóßõæäó åóÐöåö ÇáúÃõãøóÉõ ÔóÑøó ÇáúÃõãóãö¡ æóÃóäú áóÇ íóßõæäó ÃóæøóáõåóÇ ÎóíúÑóåóÇ.
æóáöÃóäøóÇ (4) äóÍúäõ äóÚúáóãõ Ãóäøó ÇáúãõÊóÃóÎøöÑöíäó áóíúÓõæÇ ãöËúáó ÇáÕøóÍóÇÈóÉö¡ ÝóÅöäú ßóÇäó ÃõæáóÆößó ÙóÇáöãöíäó ãõÕöÑøöíäó Úóáóì ÇáÙøõáúãö¡ ÝóÇáúÃõãøóÉõ ßõáøõåóÇ ÙóÇáöãóÉñ¡ ÝóáóíúÓóÊú ÎóíúÑó ÇáúÃõãóãö.
æóÞóÏú Þöíáó áöÇÈúäö ãóÓúÚõæÏò áóãøóÇ ÐóåóÈó Åöáóì ÇáúßõæÝóÉö: ãóäú æóáøóíúÊõãú¿ ÞóÇáó: " æóáøóíúäóÇ ÃóÚúáóÇäóÇ ÐóÇ ÝõæÞò æóáóãú äóÃúáõ ". æóÐõæ ÇáúÝõæÞö åõæó ÇáÓøóåúãõ (5) ¡ íóÚúäöí ÃóÚúáóÇäóÇ ÓóåúãðÇ Ýöí ÇáúÅöÓúáóÇãö.
ÝóÅöäú Þöíáó: ÞóÏú íóßõæäõ ÃóÍóÞøó ÈöÇáúÅöãóÇãóÉö¡ æóÚóáöíøñ ÃóÝúÖóáõ ãöäúåõ.
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(1) ã: ÈöËóäóÇÁò.
(2) ä¡ Ô¡ È: ÝóíóãúäóÚõ.
(3) áóÒöãó: ÓóÇÞöØóÉñ ãöäú (ä) .
(4) ã: ÝóÅöäøóÇ. .
(5) Ýöí " áöÓóÇäö ÇáúÚóÑóÈö ": " æóÇáúÝõæÞõ ": ãõÔúÊóÞøõ ÑóÃúÓö ÇáÓøóåúãö ÍóíúËõ íóÞóÚõ ÇáúæóÊóÑõ ".(8/227)
Þöíáó: ÃóæøóáðÇ: åóÐóÇ ÇáÓøõÄóÇáõ áóÇ íõãúßöäõ Ãóäú íõæÑöÏóåõ ÃóÍóÏñ ãöäó ÇáúÅöãóÇãöíøóÉö ; áöÃóäøó ÇáúÃóÝúÖóáó ÚöäúÏóåõãú ÃóÍóÞøõ ÈöÇáúÅöãóÇãóÉö¡ æóåóÐóÇ Þóæúáõ ÇáúÌõãúåõæÑö ãöäú Ãóåúáö ÇáÓøõäøóÉö.
æóåõäóÇ ãóÞóÇãóÇäö: ÅöãøóÇ Ãóäú íõÞóÇáó: ÇáúÃóÝúÖóáõ ÃóÍóÞøõ ÈöÇáúÅöãóÇãóÉö¡ áóßöäú íóÌõæÒõ ÊóæúáöíóÉõ ÇáúãóÝúÖõæáö: ÅöãøóÇ ãõØúáóÞðÇ¡ æóÅöãøóÇ áöáúÍóÇÌóÉö. æóÅöãøóÇ Ãóäú íõÞóÇáó: áóíúÓó ßõáøõ ãóäú ßóÇäó ÃóÝúÖóáó ÚöäúÏó Çááøóåö íóßõæäõ ÃóÍóÞøó ÈöÇáúÅöãóÇãóÉö.
æóßöáóÇåõãóÇ ãõäúÊóÝò åóÇåõäóÇ. ÃóãøóÇ ÇáúÃóæøóáõ¡ ÝóáöÃóäøó ÇáúÍóÇÌóÉó Åöáóì ÊóæúáöíóÉö ÇáúãóÝúÖõæáö Ýöí ÇáöÇÓúÊöÍúÞóÇÞö ßóÇäóÊú ãõäúÊóÝöíóÉð ; ÝóÅöäøó ÇáúÞóæúãó ßóÇäõæÇ ÞóÇÏöÑöíäó Úóáóì ÊóæúáöíóÉö Úóáöíøò¡ æóáóíúÓó åõäóÇßó ãóäú íõäóÇÒöÚõ ÃóÕúáðÇ¡ æóáóÇ íóÍúÊóÇÌõæäó Åöáóì ÑóÛúÈóÉò æóáóÇ ÑóåúÈóÉò¡ æóáóãú íóßõäú åõäóÇßó áöÚõËúãóÇäó ÔóæúßóÉñ ÊõÎóÇÝõ¡ Èóáö ÇáÊøóãóßøõäõ ãöäú ÊóæúáöíóÉö åóÐóÇ ßóÇäó ßóÇáÊøóãóßøõäö ãöäú ÊóæúáöíóÉö åóÐóÇ. ÝóÇãúÊóäóÚó Ãóäú íõÞóÇáó: ãóÇ ßóÇäó íõãúßöäõ ÅöáøóÇ ÊóæúáöíóÉõ ÇáúãóÝúÖõæáö.
æóÅöÐóÇ ßóÇäõæÇ ÞóÇÏöÑöíäó¡ æóåõãú íóÊóÕóÑøóÝõæäó áöáúÃõãøóÉö (1) áóÇ áöÃóäúÝõÓöåöãú¡ áóãú íóÌõÒú áóåõãú (2) ÊóÝúæöíÊõ ãóÕúáóÍóÉö ÇáúÃõãøóÉö ãöäú æöáóÇíóÉö ÇáúÝóÇÖöáö ; ÝóÅöäøó Çáúæóßöíáó æóÇáúæóáöíøó ÇáúãõÊóÕóÑøöÝó áöÛóíúÑöåö¡ áóíúÓó áóåõ Ãóäú íóÚúÏöáó ÚóãøóÇ åõæó ÃóÕúáóÍõ áöãóäö ÇÆúÊóãóäóåõ¡ ãóÚó ßóæúäöåö ÞóÇÏöÑðÇ Úóáóì ÊóÍúÕöíáö ÇáúãóÕúáóÍóÉö¡ ÝóßóíúÝó ÅöÐóÇ ßóÇäóÊú ÞõÏúÑóÊõåõ Úóáóì ÇáúÃóãúÑóíúäö ÓóæóÇÁð¿
æóÃóãøóÇ ÇáËøóÇäöí¡ ÝóáöÃóäøó ÇáäøóÈöíøó - Õóáøóì Çááøóåõ Úóáóíúåö æóÓóáøóãó - ÃóÝúÖóáõ ÇáúÎóáúÞö¡ æóßõáøõ ãóäú ßóÇäó Èöåö ÃóÔúÈóåó Ýóåõæó ÃóÝúÖóáõ ãöãøóäú áóãú íóßõäú ßóÐóáößó. æóÇáúÎöáóÇÝóÉõ ßóÇäóÊú ÎöáóÇÝóÉó äõÈõæøóÉò¡ áóãú Êóßõäú ãõáúßðÇ¡ Ýóãóäú ÎóáóÝó ÇáäøóÈöíøó æóÞóÇãó ãóÞóÇãóåõ ßóÇäó ÃóÔúÈóåó Èöåö¡ æóãóäú ßóÇäó ÃóÔúÈóåó Èöåö ßóÇäó ÃóÝúÖóáó¡ ÝóÇáøóÐöí íóÎúáõÝõåõ ÃóÔúÈóåõ Èöåö ãöäú ÛóíúÑöåö¡ æóÇáúÃóÔúÈóåõ Èöåö ÃóÝúÖóáõ¡ ÝóÇáøóÐöí íóÎúáõÝõåõ ÃóÝúÖóáõ.
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(1) ä¡ ã¡ Ó: áöáúÅöãóÇãóÉö æóÇáúãõËúÈóÊõ ãöäú (È) .
(2) áóåõãú: ÓóÇÞöØóÉñ ãöäú (Ó) ¡ (È) .(8/228)
æóÃóãøóÇ ÇáØøóÑöíÞõ ÇáäøóÙóÑöíøóÉõ ÝóÞóÏú ÐóßóÑó Ðóáößó ãóäú ÐóßóÑóåõ ãöäó ÇáúÚõáóãóÇÁö¡ ÝóÞóÇáõæÇ: ÚõËúãóÇäõ ßóÇäó ÃóÚúáóãó ÈöÇáúÞõÑúÂäö¡ æóÚóáöíøñ ÃóÚúáóãõ ÈöÇáÓøõäøóÉö¡ æóÚõËúãóÇäõ ÃóÚúÙóãõ ÌöåóÇÏðÇ ÈöãóÇáöåö¡ æóÚóáöíøñ ÃóÚúÙóãõ ÌöåóÇÏðÇ ÈöäóÝúÓöåö¡ æóÚõËúãóÇäõ ÃóÒúåóÏõ Ýöí ÇáÑøöíóÇÓóÉö¡ æóÚóáöíøñ ÃóÒúåóÏõ Ýöí ÇáúãóÇáö¡ æóÚõËúãóÇäõ ÃóæúÑóÚõ Úóäö ÇáÏøöãóÇÁö (1) ¡ æóÚóáöíøñ ÃóæúÑóÚõ Úóäö ÇáúÃóãúæóÇáö¡ æóÚõËúãóÇäõ ÍóÕóáó áóåõ ãöäú ÌöåóÇÏö äóÝúÓöåö (2) ; ÍóíúËõ ÕóÈóÑó Úóäö ÇáúÞöÊóÇáö æóáóãú íõÞóÇÊöáú ãóÇ áóãú íóÍúÕõáú ãöËúáõåõ áöÚóáöíøò.
æóÞóÇáó ÇáäøóÈöíøõ - Õóáøóì Çááøóåõ Úóáóíúåö æóÓóáøóãó: " «ÇáúãõÌóÇåöÏõ ãóäú ÌóÇåóÏó äóÝúÓóåõ Ýöí ÐóÇÊö Çááøóåö» " (3) .
æóÓöíÑóÉõ (4) ÚõËúãóÇäó Ýöí ÇáúæöáóÇíóÉö ßóÇäóÊú (5) Ãóßúãóáó ãöäú ÓöíÑóÉö Úóáöíøò¡ ÝóÞóÇáõæÇ: ÝóËóÈóÊó Ãóäøó ÚõËúãóÇäó ÃóÝúÖóáõ ; áöÃóäøó Úöáúãó ÇáúÞõÑúÂäö ÃóÚúÙóãõ ãöäú Úöáúãö ÇáÓøõäøóÉö.
æóÝöí ÕóÍöíÍö ãõÓúáöãò æóÛóíúÑöåö Ãóäøóåõ ÞóÇáó: " «íóÄõãøõ ÇáúÞóæúãó ÃóÞúÑóÄõåõãú áößöÊóÇÈö Çááøóåö¡ ÝóÅöäú ßóÇäõæÇ Ýöí ÇáúÞöÑóÇÁóÉö ÓóæóÇÁð ÝóÃóÚúáóãõåõãú ÈöÇáÓøõäøóÉö» " (6) .
æóÚõËúãóÇäõ ÌóãóÚó ÇáúÞõÑúÂäó ßõáøóåõ ÈöáóÇ ÑóíúÈò¡ æóßóÇäó ÃóÍúíóÇäðÇ íóÞúÑóÄõåõ Ýöí ÑóßúÚóÉò. æóÚóáöíøñ ÞóÏö ÇÎúÊõáöÝó Ýöíåö: åóáú ÍóÝöÙó ÇáúÞõÑúÂäó ßõáøóåõ Ãóãú áóÇ¿
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(1) ã: ÃóæúÑóÚõ Ýöí ÇáÏøõäúíóÇ
(2) ã: ãöäú ÌöåóÇÏöåö äóÝúÓóåõ
(3) ÇáúÍóÏöíËõ - ãóÚó ÇÎúÊöáóÇÝò Ýöí ÇáúÃóáúÝóÇÙö - Úóäú ÝóÖóÇáóÉó Èúäö ÚõÈóíúÏò - ÑóÖöíó Çááøóåõ Úóäúåõ - Ýöí: Óõäóäö ÇáÊøöÑúãöÐöíøö 3/89 (ßöÊóÇÈõ ÝóÖóÇÆöáö ÇáúÌöåóÇÏö¡ ÈóÇÈõ ãóÇ ÌóÇÁó Ýöí ÝóÖúáö ãóäú ãóÇÊó ãõÑóÇÈöØðÇ) æóÞóÇáó ÇáÊøöÑúãöÐöíøõ: " æóÝöí ÇáúÈóÇÈö Úóäú ÚõÞúÈóÉó Èúäö ÚóÇãöÑò æóÌóÇÈöÑò. ÍóÏöíËõ ÝóÖóÇáóÉó Èúäö ÚõÈóíúÏò ÍóÏöíËñ ÍóÓóäñ ÕóÍöíÍñ ". æóÇáúÍóÏöíËõ ÃóíúÖðÇ Ýöí: ÇáúãõÓúäóÏö (Ø ÇáúÍóáóÈöíøö) 6/20¡ 21¡ 22.
(4) ä¡ Ó: æóÓöíãóÇ È: æóÓöíóÑõ.
(5) ä¡ Ó¡ È: ßóÇäó æóáóÚóáøó ÇáÕøóæóÇÈó ãóÇ ÃóËúÈóÊøõåõ.
(6) ÓóÈóÞó åóÐóÇ ÇáúÍóÏöíËõ ÝöíãóÇ ãóÖóì 4/280.(8/229)
æóÇáúÌöåóÇÏõ ÈöÇáúãóÇáö ãõÞóÏøóãñ Úóáóì ÇáúÌöåóÇÏö ÈöÇáäøóÝúÓö¡ ßóãóÇ Ýöí Þóæúáöåö ÊóÚóÇáóì: {æóÌóÇåöÏõæÇ ÈöÃóãúæóÇáößõãú æóÃóäúÝõÓößõãú Ýöí ÓóÈöíáö Çááøóåö} [ÓõæÑóÉõ ÇáÊøóæúÈóÉö: 41] ÇáúÂíóÉó¡ æóÞóæúáöåö: {ÇáøóÐöíäó ÂãóäõæÇ æóåóÇÌóÑõæÇ æóÌóÇåóÏõæÇ Ýöí ÓóÈöíáö Çááøóåö ÈöÃóãúæóÇáöåöãú æóÃóäúÝõÓöåöãú} [ÓõæÑóÉõ ÇáÊøóæúÈóÉö: 20] ÇáúÂíóÉó¡ æóÞóæúáöåö: {Åöäøó ÇáøóÐöíäó ÂãóäõæÇ æóåóÇÌóÑõæÇ æóÌóÇåóÏõæÇ ÈöÃóãúæóÇáöåöãú æóÃóäúÝõÓöåöãú Ýöí ÓóÈöíáö Çááøóåö æóÇáøóÐöíäó ÂæóæúÇ æóäóÕóÑõæÇ ÃõæáóÆößó ÈóÚúÖõåõãú ÃóæúáöíóÇÁõ ÈóÚúÖò} [ÓõæÑóÉõ ÇáúÃóäúÝóÇáö: 72] (1) .
æóÐóáößó áöÃóäøó ÇáäøóÇÓó íõÞóÇÊöáõæäó Ïõæäó ÃóãúæóÇáöåöãú ; ÝóÅöäøó ÇáúãõÌóÇåöÏó ÈöÇáúãóÇáö ÞóÏú ÃóÎúÑóÌó ãóÇáóåõ ÍóÞöíÞóÉð áöáøóåö¡ æóÇáúãõÌóÇåöÏõ ÈöäóÝúÓöåö áöáøóåö íóÑúÌõæ ÇáäøóÌóÇÉó¡ áóÇ íõæóÇÝöÞõ Ãóäøóåõ íõÞúÊóáõ Ýöí ÇáúÌöåóÇÏö ; æóáöåóÐóÇ ÃóßúËóÑõ ÇáúÞóÇÏöÑöíäó Úóáóì ÇáúÞöÊóÇáö íóåõæäõ Úóáóì ÃóÍóÏöåöãú Ãóäú íõÞóÇÊöáó¡ æóáóÇ íóåõæäõ Úóáóíúåö ÅöÎúÑóÇÌõ ãóÇáöåö¡ æóãóÚúáõæãñ Ãóäøóåõãú ßõáøóåõãú ÌóÇåóÏõæÇ ÈöÃóãúæóÇáöåöãú æóÃóäúÝõÓöåöãú¡ áóßöäøó ãöäúåõãú ãóäú ßóÇäó ÌöåóÇÏõåõ ÈöÇáúãóÇáö ÃóÚúÙóãó¡ æóãöäúåõãú ãóäú ßóÇäó ÌöåóÇÏõåõ ÈöÇáäøóÝúÓö ÃóÚúÙóãó.
æóÃóíúÖðÇ ÝóÚõËúãóÇäõ áóåõ ãöäó ÇáúÌöåóÇÏö ÈöäóÝúÓöåö ÈöÇáÊøóÏúÈöíÑö Ýöí ÇáúÝõÊõæÍö ãóÇ áóãú íóÍúÕõáú ãöËúáõåõ áöÚóáöíøò¡ æóáóåõ ãöäó ÇáúåöÌúÑóÉö Åöáóì ÃóÑúÖö ÇáúÍóÈóÔóÉö ãóÇ áóãú íóÍúÕõáú ãöËúáõåõ áöÚóáöíøò¡ æóáóåõ ãöäó ÇáÐøóåóÇÈö Åöáóì ãóßøóÉó íóæúãó ÕõáúÍö ÇáúÍõÏóíúÈöíóÉö ãóÇ áóãú íóÍúÕõáú ãöËúáõåõ áöÚóáöíøò¡ æóÅöäøóãóÇ ÈóÇíóÚó ÇáäøóÈöíøó - Õóáøóì Çááøóåõ Úóáóíúåö æóÓóáøóãó - ÈóíúÚóÉó ÇáÑøöÖúæóÇäö áóãøóÇ ÈóáóÛóåõ Ãóäøó ÇáúãõÔúÑößöíäó ÞóÊóáõæÇ ÚõËúãóÇäó¡ æóÈóÇíóÚó ÈöÅöÍúÏóì íóÏóíúåö Úóäú ÚõËúãóÇäó¡ æóåóÐóÇ ãöäú ÃóÚúÙóãö ÇáúÝóÖúáö ; ÍóíúËõ ÈóÇíóÚó Úóäúåõ ÇáäøóÈöíøõ - Õóáøóì Çááøóåõ Úóáóíúåö æóÓóáøóãó.
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(1) ä¡ ã¡ Ó: æóÇáøóÐöíäó ÂæóæúÇ æóäóÕúÑðÇ ÃõæáóÆößó åõãõ ÇáúãõÄúãöäõæäó ÍóÞøðÇ. æóåõæó ÎóØóÃñ¡ æóÇáÕøóæóÇÈõ ãóÇ ÃóËúÈóÊøõåõ ãöäú (È) .(8/230)
æóÃóãøóÇ ÇáÒøõåúÏõ æóÇáúæóÑóÚõ Ýöí ÇáÑøöíóÇÓóÉö æóÇáúãóÇáö¡ ÝóáóÇ ÑóíúÈó Ãóäøó ÚõËúãóÇäó Êóæóáøóì ËöäúÊóíú ÚóÔúÑóÉó ÓóäóÉð¡ Ëõãøó ÞóÕóÏó ÇáúÎóÇÑöÌõæäó Úóáóíúåö ÞóÊúáóåõ¡ æóÍóÕóÑõæåõ æóåõæó ÎóáöíÝóÉõ ÇáúÃóÑúÖö¡ æóÇáúãõÓúáöãõæäó ßõáøõåõãú ÑóÚöíøóÊõåõ¡ æóåõæó ãóÚó åóÐóÇ áóãú íóÞúÊõáú ãõÓúáöãðÇ¡ æóáóÇ ÏóÝóÚó Úóäú äóÝúÓöåö ÈöÞöÊóÇáò¡ Èóáú ÕóÈóÑó ÍóÊøóì ÞõÊöáó.
áóßöäøóåõ Ýöí ÇáúÃóãúæóÇáö ßóÇäó íõÚúØöí áöÃóÞóÇÑöÈöåö ãöäó ÇáúÚóØóÇÁö ãóÇ áóÇ íõÚúØöíåö áöÛóíúÑöåöãú¡ æóÍóÕóáó ãöäúåõ äóæúÚõ ÊóæóÓøõÚò Ýöí ÇáúÃóãúæóÇáö¡ æóåõæó - ÑóÖöíó Çááøóåõ Úóäúåõ - ãóÇ ÝóÚóáóåõ ÅöáøóÇ ãõÊóÃóæøöáðÇ Ýöíåö (1) ¡ áóåõ ÇÌúÊöåóÇÏñ æóÇÝóÞóåõ Úóáóíúåö ÌóãóÇÚóÉñ (2) ãöäó ÇáúÝõÞóåóÇÁö¡ ãöäúåõãú ãóäú íóÞõæáõ: Åöäøó ãóÇ ÃóÚúØóÇåõ Çááøóåõ áöáäøóÈöíøö ãöäó ÇáúÎõãúÓö æóÇáúÝóíúÁö åõæó áöãóäú íóÊóæóáøóì ÇáúÃóãúÑó ÈóÚúÏóåõ¡ ßóãóÇ åõæó Þóæúáõ ÃóÈöí ËóæúÑò æóÛóíúÑöåö. æóãöäúåõãú ãóäú íóÞõæáõ: Ðóæõæ ÇáúÞõÑúÈóì ÇáúãóÐúßõæÑõæäó Ýöí ÇáúÞõÑúÂäö åõãú Ðóæõæ ÞõÑúÈóì ÇáúÅöãóÇãö. æóãöäúåõãú ãóäú íóÞõæáõ: ÇáúÅöãóÇãõ ÇáúÚóÇãöáõ Úóáóì ÇáÕøóÏóÞóÇÊö íóÃúÎõÐõ ãöäúåóÇ ãóÚó ÇáúÛöäóì. æóåóÐöåö ßóÇäóÊú ãóÂÎöÐó (3) ÚõËúãóÇäó - ÑóÖöíó Çááøóåõ Úóäúåõ - ßóãóÇ åõæó ãóäúÞõæáñ Úóäúåõ. ÝóãóÇ ÝóÚóáóåõ åõæó äóæúÚõ ÊóÃúæöíáò íóÑóÇåõ ØóÇÆöÝóÉñ ãöäó ÇáúÚõáóãóÇÁö.
æóÚóáöíøñ - ÑóÖöíó Çááøóåõ Úóäúåõ - áóãú íóÎõÕøó ÃóÍóÏðÇ ãöäú ÃóÞóÇÑöÈöåö ÈöÚóØóÇÁò¡ áóßöäö ÇÈúÊóÏóÃó ÈöÇáúÞöÊóÇáö áöãóäú áóãú íóßõäú ãõÊóÈóÏøöÆðÇ ÈöÇáúÞöÊóÇáö (4) ¡ ÍóÊøóì ÞõÊöáó Èóíúäóåõãú ÃõáõæÝñ ãõÄóáøóÝóÉñ ãöäó ÇáúãõÓúáöãöíäó¡ æóÅöäú ßóÇäó ãóÇ ÝóÚóáóåõ åõæó ãõÊóÃóæøöáñ Ýöíåö ÊóÃúæöíáðÇ æóÇÝóÞóåõ Úóáóíúåö ØóÇÆöÝóÉñ ãöäó ÇáúÚõáóãóÇÁö¡ æóÞóÇáõæÇ: Åöäøó åóÄõáóÇÁö ÈõÛóÇÉñ¡ æóÇááøóåõ ÊóÚóÇáóì ÃóãóÑó ÈöÞöÊóÇáö ÇáúÈõÛóÇÉö ÈöÞóæúáöåö: {ÝóÞóÇÊöáõæÇ ÇáøóÊöí ÊóÈúÛöí} [ÓõæÑóÉõ ÇáúÍõÌõÑóÇÊö: 9]
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(1) ä¡ ã¡ Ó:. . ãóÇ ÝóÚóáóåõ ãõÊóÃóæøöáñ Ýöíåö.
(2) ã: ØóÇÆöÝóÉñ.
(3) ä: ãóÂÎöÐó. æóãóÚúäóì ÇáúãõËúÈóÊö: Ãóäøó åóÐöåö åöíó ÇáØøóÑöíÞóÉõ ÇáøóÊöí ÃóÎóÐó ÈöåóÇ ÚõËúãóÇäõ - ÑóÖöíó Çááøóåõ Úóäúåõ -.
(4) ÈöÇáúÞöÊóÇáö: ÓóÇÞöØóÉñ ãöäú (Ó) ¡ (È) .(8/231)
áóßöäú äóÇÒóÚóåõ ÃóßúËóÑõ ÇáúÚõáóãóÇÁö¡ ßóãóÇ äóÇÒóÚó ÚõËúãóÇäó ÃóßúËóÑõåõãú¡ æóÞóÇáõæÇ: Åöäøó Çááøóåó ÊóÚóÇáóì ÞóÇáó: {æóÅöäú ØóÇÆöÝóÊóÇäö ãöäó ÇáúãõÄúãöäöíäó ÇÞúÊóÊóáõæÇ ÝóÃóÕúáöÍõæÇ ÈóíúäóåõãóÇ ÝóÅöäú ÈóÛóÊú ÅöÍúÏóÇåõãóÇ Úóáóì ÇáúÃõÎúÑóì ÝóÞóÇÊöáõæÇ ÇáøóÊöí ÊóÈúÛöí ÍóÊøóì ÊóÝöíÁó Åöáóì ÃóãúÑö Çááøóåö ÝóÅöäú ÝóÇÁóÊú ÝóÃóÕúáöÍõæÇ ÈóíúäóåõãóÇ ÈöÇáúÚóÏúáö} ÇáúÂíóÉó [ÓõæÑóÉõ ÇáúÍõÌõÑóÇÊö: 9] .
ÞóÇáõæÇ: Ýóáóãú íóÃúãõÑö Çááøóåõ ÈöÞöÊóÇáö ÇáúÈõÛóÇÉö ÇÈúÊöÏóÇÁð¡ Èóáú ÅöÐóÇ æóÞóÚó ÞöÊóÇáñ Èóíúäó ØóÇÆöÝóÊóíúäö ãöäó ÇáúãõÄúãöäöíäó ÝóÞóÏú ÃóãóÑó Çááøóåõ ÈöÇáúÅöÕúáóÇÍö ÈóíúäóåõãóÇ¡ ÝóÅöäú ÈóÛóÊú ÅöÍúÏóÇåõãóÇ Úóáóì ÇáúÃõÎúÑóì ÞõæÊöáóÊú. æóáóãú íóÞóÚö ÇáúÃóãúÑõ ßóÐóáößó.
æóáöåóÐóÇ ÞóÇáóÊú ÚóÇÆöÔóÉõ - ÑóÖöíó Çááøóåõ ÚóäúåóÇ -: " ÊóÑóßó ÇáäøóÇÓõ ÇáúÚóãóáó ÈöåóÐöåö ÇáúÂíóÉö "¡ ÑóæóÇåõ ãóÇáößñ ÈöÅöÓúäóÇÏöåö ÇáúãóÚúÑõæÝö ÚóäúåóÇ (1) .
æóãóÐúåóÈõ ÃóßúËóÑö ÇáúÚõáóãóÇÁö Ãóäøó ÞöÊóÇáó ÇáúÈõÛóÇÉö áóÇ íóÌõæÒõ [ÅöáøóÇ] Ãóäú íóÈúÊóÏöÁõæÇ (2) ÇáúÅöãóÇãó ÈöÇáúÞöÊóÇáö¡ ßóãóÇ ÝóÚóáóÊö ÇáúÎóæóÇÑöÌõ ãóÚó Úóáöíøò¡ ÝóÅöäøó ÞöÊóÇáóåõ ÇáúÎóæóÇÑöÌó ãõÊøóÝóÞñ Úóáóíúåö Èóíúäó ÇáúÚõáóãóÇÁö¡ ËóÇÈöÊñ ÈöÇáúÃóÍóÇÏöíËö ÇáÕøóÍöíÍóÉö Úóäö ÇáäøóÈöíøö - Õóáøóì Çááøóåõ Úóáóíúåö æóÓóáøóãó - ÈöÎöáóÇÝö ÞöÊóÇáö ÕöÝøöíäó¡ ÝóÅöäøó ÃõæáóÆößó áóãú íóÈúÊóÏöÁõæÇ ÈöÞöÊóÇáò¡ Èóáö ÇãúÊóäóÚõæÇ Úóäú ãõÈóÇíóÚóÊöåö.
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(1) áóãú ÃóÌöÏú åóÐóÇ ÇáúÃóËóÑó ãóÑúæöíøðÇ Úóäú ãóÇáößò¡ æóáóßöäú ÌóÇÁó Ýöí Óõäóäö ÇáúÈóíúåóÞöíøö 8/172 (Ø. ÍóíúÏóÑó ÂÈóÇÏó¡ 1354) Úóäú ÚóÇÆöÔóÉó - ÑóÖöíó Çááøóåõ ÚóäúåóÇ - ÃóäøóåóÇ ÞóÇáóÊú: ãóÇ ÑóÃóíúÊõ ãöËúáó ãóÇ ÑóÛöÈóÊú Úóäúåõ åóÐöåö ÇáúÃõãøóÉõ ãöäú åóÐöåö ÇáúÂíóÉö: æóÅöäú ØóÇÆöÝóÊóÇäö ãöäó ÇáúãõÄúãöäöíäó ÇÞúÊóÊóáõæÇ ÝóÃóÕúáöÍõæÇ ÈóíúäóåõãóÇ ÝóÅöäú ÈóÛóÊú ÅöÍúÏóÇåõãóÇ Úóáóì ÇáúÃõÎúÑóì ÝóÞóÇÊöáõæÇ ÇáøóÊöí ÊóÈúÛöí ÍóÊøóì ÊóÝöíÁó Åöáóì ÃóãúÑö Çááøóåö æóÐóßóÑó åóÐóÇ ÇáúÃóËóÑó ÇáÓøõíõæØöíøõ Ýöí " ÇáÏøõÑøö ÇáúãóäúËõæÑö 6/91 æóÞóÇáó: ÃóÎúÑóÌóåõ ÇÈúäõ ãóÑúÏóæóíúåö æóÇáúÈóíúåóÞöíøõ Ýöí Óõäóäöåö.
(2) ä¡ Ó: áóÇ íóÌõæÒõ Ãóäú íõÈúÊóÏóÁõæÇ. .¡ ã áóÇ íóÌõæÒõ Ãóäú íõÈúÊóÏóÃó. . . æóåõæó ÎóØóÃñ¡ æóÇáÕøóæóÇÈõ ãóÇ ÃóËúÈóÊøõåõ ãöäú (È) .(8/232)
æóáöåóÐóÇ ßóÇäó ÃóÆöãøóÉõ ÇáÓøõäøóÉö¡ ßóãóÇáößò æóÃóÍúãóÏó æóÛóíúÑöåöãóÇ¡ íóÞõæáõæäó: Åöäøó ÞöÊóÇáóåõ áöáúÎóæóÇÑöÌö ãóÃúãõæÑñ Èöåö¡ æóÃóãøóÇ ÞöÊóÇáõ ÇáúÌóãóáö æóÕöÝøöíäó Ýóåõæó ÞöÊóÇáõ ÝöÊúäóÉò.
Ýóáóæú ÞóÇáó Þóæúãñ: äóÍúäõ äõÞöíãõ ÇáÕøóáóÇÉó æóäõÄúÊöí ÇáÒøóßóÇÉó¡ æóáóÇ äóÏúÝóÚõ ÒóßóÇÊóäóÇ Åöáóì ÇáúÅöãóÇãö¡ æóäóÞõæãõ ÈöæóÇÌöÈóÇÊö ÇáúÅöÓúáóÇãö (1) ¡ áóãú íóÌõÒú áöáúÅöãóÇãö ÞóÊúáõåõãú ÚöäúÏó ÃóßúËóÑö ÇáúÚõáóãóÇÁö¡ ßóÃóÈöí ÍóäöíÝóÉó æóÃóÍúãóÏó.
æóÃóÈõæ ÈóßúÑò ÇáÕøöÏøöíÞõ - ÑóÖöíó Çááøóåõ Úóäúåõ - ÅöäøóãóÇ ÞóÇÊóáó ãóÇäöÚöí ÇáÒøóßóÇÉö áöÃóäøóåõãõ ÇãúÊóäóÚõæÇ Úóäú ÃóÏóÇÆöåóÇ ãõØúáóÞðÇ¡ æóÅöáøóÇ Ýóáóæú ÞóÇáõæÇ: äóÍúäõ äõÄóÏøöíåóÇ ÈöÃóíúÏöíäóÇ æóáóÇ äóÏúÝóÚõåóÇ Åöáóì ÃóÈöí ÈóßúÑò¡ áóãú íóÌõÒú ÞöÊóÇáõåõãú ÚöäúÏó ÇáúÃóßúËóÑöíäó¡ ßóÃóÈöí ÍóäöíÝóÉó æóÃóÍúãóÏó æóÛóíúÑöåöãóÇ.
æóáöåóÐóÇ ßóÇäó ÚõáóãóÇÁõ ÇáúÃóãúÕóÇÑö Úóáóì Ãóäøó ÇáúÞöÊóÇáó ßóÇäó ÞöÊóÇáó ÝöÊúäóÉò¡ æóßóÇäó ãóäú ÞóÚóÏó Úóäúåõ ÃóÝúÖóáó ãöãøóäú ÞóÇÊóáó Ýöíåö¡ æóåóÐóÇ ãóÐúåóÈõ ãóÇáößò¡ æóÃóÍúãóÏó¡ æóÃóÈöí ÍóäöíÝóÉó¡ æóÇáúÃóæúÒóÇÚöíøö¡ Èóáú æóÇáËøóæúÑöíøö¡ æóãóäú áóÇ íõÍúÕóì ÚóÏóÏõåõ¡ ãóÚó Ãóäøó ÃóÈóÇ ÍóäöíÝóÉó æóäóÍúæóåõ ãöäú ÝõÞóåóÇÁö ÇáúßõæÝöíøöíäó - ÝöíãóÇ äóÞóáóåõ ÇáúÞõÏõæÑöíøõ æóÛóíúÑõåõ - ÚöäúÏóåõãú áóÇ íóÌõæÒõ ÞöÊóÇáõ ÇáúÈõÛóÇÉö¡ ÅöáøóÇ ÅöÐóÇ ÇÈúÊóÏóÁõæÇ ÇáúÅöãóÇãó ÈöÇáúÞöÊóÇáö¡ æóÃóãøóÇ ÅöÐóÇ ÃóÏøóæõÇ ÇáúæóÇÌöÈó ãöäó ÇáÒøóßóÇÉö æóÇãúÊóäóÚõæÇ Úóäú ÏóÝúÚöåóÇ Åöáóíúåö¡ áóãú íóÌõÒú ÞöÊóÇáõåõãú.
æóßóÐóáößó ãóÐúåóÈõ ÃóÍúãóÏó æóÛóíúÑöåö¡ æóåóßóÐóÇ ÌõãúåõæÑõ ÇáúÝõÞóåóÇÁö¡ Úóáóì Ãóäøó Ðóæöí ÇáúÞõÑúÈóì åõãú ÞõÑúÈóì ÑóÓõæáö Çááøóåö - Õóáøóì Çááøóåõ Úóáóíúåö æóÓóáøóãó - æóÃóäøóåõ áóíúÓó áöáúÅöãóÇãö ãóÇ ßóÇäó áöáäøóÈöíøö - Õóáøóì Çááøóåõ Úóáóíúåö æóÓóáøóãó (2) .
æóÇáúãóÞúÕõæÏõ Ãóäøó ßöáóíúåöãóÇ - ÑóÖöíó Çááøóåõ Úóäúåõ - æóÅöäú ßóÇäó ãóÇ ÝóÚóáóåõ Ýöíåö åõæó ãõÊóÃóæøöáñ
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(1) ã: Åöáóì ÅöãóÇãò íóÞõæãõ ÈöæóÇÌöÈóÇÊö ÇáúÅöÓúáóÇãö¡ æóåõæó ÊóÍúÑöíÝñ
(2) Ýöí åóÇãöÔö (ã) ÃóãóÇãó åóÐóÇ ÇáúãóæúÖöÚö ßõÊöÈó ãóÇ íóáöí: " ÞöÝú Úóáóì ÈóíóÇäö ÇáúæõÌõæåö ÇáøóÊöí íõÑóÌøóÍõ ÈöåóÇ ÚõËúãóÇäõ Úóáóì Úóáöíøò - ÑóÖöíó Çááøóåõ ÊóÚóÇáóì ÚóäúåõãóÇ¡ æóíõÑóÌøóÍõ ÈöåóÇ ÔöíÚóÉõ ÚõËúãóÇäó Úóáóì ÔöíÚóÉö Úóáöíøò ".(8/233)
ãõÌúÊóåöÏñ íõæóÇÝöÞõåõ Úóáóíúåö ØóÇÆöÝóÉñ ãöäó ÇáúÚõáóãóÇÁö ÇáúãõÌúÊóåöÏöíäó¡ ÇáøóÐöíäó íóÞõæáõæäó ÈöãõæÌöÈö ÇáúÚöáúãö æóÇáÏøóáöíáö¡ áóíúÓó áóåõãóÇ Úóãóáñ íõÊøóåóãõæäó Ýöíåö (1) ¡ áóßöäøó ÇÌúÊöåóÇÏó ÚõËúãóÇäó ßóÇäó ÃóÞúÑóÈó Åöáóì ÇáúãóÕúáóÍóÉö æóÃóÈúÚóÏó Úóäö ÇáúãóÝúÓóÏóÉö ; ÝóÅöäøó ÇáÏøöãóÇÁó ÎóØóÑõåóÇ ÃóÚúÙóãõ ãöäó ÇáúÃóãúæóÇáö.
æóáöåóÐóÇ ßóÇäóÊú ÎöáóÇÝóÉõ ÚõËúãóÇäó åóÇÏöíóÉð ãóåúÏöíøóÉð ÓóÇßöäóÉð¡ æóÇáúÃõãøóÉõ ÝöíåóÇ ãõÊøóÝöÞóÉñ¡ æóßóÇäóÊú ÓöÊøó Óöäöíäó áóÇ íõäúßöÑõ ÇáäøóÇÓõ Úóáóíúåö ÔóíúÆðÇ¡ Ëõãøó ÃóäúßóÑõæÇ ÃóÔúíóÇÁó Ýöí ÇáÓøöÊøö ÇáúÈóÇÞöíóÉö¡ æóåöíó Ïõæäó ãóÇ ÃóäúßóÑõæåõ Úóáóì Úóáöíøò ãöäú Íöíäö Êóæóáøóì¡ æóÇáøóÐöíäó ÎóÑóÌõæÇ Úóáóì ÚõËúãóÇäó ØóÇÆöÝóÉñ ãöäú ÃóæúÈóÇÔö ÇáäøóÇÓö¡ æóÃóãøóÇ Úóáöíøñ ÝóßóËöíÑñ ãöäó ÇáÓøóÇÈöÞöíäó ÇáúÃóæøóáöíäó áóãú íóÊøóÈöÚõæåõ æóáóãú íõÈóÇíöÚõæåõ¡ æóßóËöíÑñ ãöäó ÇáÕøóÍóÇÈóÉö æóÇáÊøóÇÈöÚöíäó ÞóÇÊóáõæåõ¡ æóÚõËúãóÇäõ Ýöí ÎöáóÇÝóÊöåö ÝõÊöÍóÊö ÇáúÃóãúÕóÇÑõ æóÞõæÊöáóÊú (2) ÇáúßõÝøóÇÑõ¡ æóÚóáöíøñ Ýöí ÎöáóÇÝóÊöåö áóãú íõÞúÊóáú ßóÇÝöÑñ æóáóãú ÊõÝúÊóÍú ãóÏöíäóÉñ.
ÝóÅöäú ßóÇäó ãóÇ ÕóÏóÑó Úóäö ÇáÑøóÃúíö¡ ÝóÑóÃúíõ ÚõËúãóÇäó Ãóßúãóáõ¡ æóÅöäú ßóÇäó Úóäö ÇáúÞóÕúÏö¡ ÝóÞóÕúÏõåõ ÃóÊóãøõ.
ÞóÇáõæÇ: æóÅöäú ßóÇäó Úóáöíøñ ÊóÒóæøóÌó ÈöÝóÇØöãóÉó - ÑóÖöíó Çááøóåõ ÚóäúåõãóÇ - ÝóÚõËúãóÇäõ ÞóÏú ÒóæøóÌóåõ ÇáäøóÈöíøõ - Õóáøóì Çááøóåõ Úóáóíúåö æóÓóáøóãó - ÇÈúäóÊóíúäö ãöäú ÈóäóÇÊöåö¡ æóÞóÇáó: " «áóæú ßóÇäó ÚöäúÏóäóÇ ËóÇáöËóÉñ áóÒóæøóÌúäóÇåóÇ ÚõËúãóÇäó» (3) "¡ æóÓõãøöíó Ðõæ ÇáäøõæÑóíúäö (4) ÈöÐóáößó ; ÅöÐú áóãú íõÚúÑóÝú ÃóÍóÏñ ÌóãóÚó Èóíúäó ÈöäúÊóíú äóÈöíøò ÛóíúÑõåõ.
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(1) ä¡ ã¡ Ó¡ È: áóíúÓó áóåõãú Úóãóáñ íóÊóæóåøóãõæäó Ýöíåö¡ æóåõæó ßóáóÇãñ ÛóíúÑõ ãõÓúÊóÞöíãò æóáóÚóáøó ãóÇ ÃóËúÈóÊøõåõ åõæó ÇáÕøóæóÇÈõ.
(2) ã: æóÞóÇÊóáó
(3) ÓóÈóÞó åóÐóÇ ÇáúÍóÏöíËõ ÝöíãóÇ ãóÖóì 4/146.
(4) Ó¡ È: ÐóÇ ÇáäøõæÑóíúäö ; ä¡ ã: Ðöí ÇáäøõæÑóíúäö æóÇáÕøóæóÇÈõ ãóÇ ÃóËúÈóÊøõåõ.(8/234)
æóÞóÏú ÕóÇåóÑó ÇáäøóÈöíøõ - Õóáøóì Çááøóåõ Úóáóíúåö æóÓóáøóãó - ãöäú Èóäöí ÃõãóíøóÉó ãóäú åõæó Ïõæäó ÚõËúãóÇäó: ÃóÈõæ ÇáúÚóÇÕö Èúäõ ÇáÑøóÈöíÚö¡ ÝóÒóæøóÌóåõ ÒóíúäóÈó ÃóßúÈóÑó ÈóäóÇÊöåö¡ æóÔóßóÑó ãõÕóÇåóÑóÊóåõ ãõÍúÊóÌøðÇ Èöåö Úóáóì Úóáöíøò¡ áóãøóÇ ÃóÑóÇÏó Ãóäú íóÊóÒóæøóÌó ÈöäúÊó ÃóÈöí Ìóåúáò¡ ÝóÅöäøóåõ ÞóÇáó: " «Åöäøó Èóäöí ÇáúãõÛöíÑóÉö ÇÓúÊóÃúÐóäõæäöí Ýöí Ãóäú íõäúßöÍõæÇ ÝóÊóÇÊóåõãú Úóáöíøó Èúäó ÃóÈöí ØóÇáöÈò¡ æóÅöäøöí áóÇ ÂÐóäõ¡ Ëõãøó áóÇ ÂÐóäõ¡ Ëõãøó áóÇ ÂÐóäõ¡ ÅöáøóÇ Ãóäú íõÑöíÏó ÇÈúäõ ÃóÈöí ØóÇáöÈò Ãóäú íõØóáøöÞó ÇÈúäóÊöí æóíóÊóÒóæøóÌó ÇÈúäóÊóåõãú. æóÇááøóåö áóÇ ÊóÌúÊóãöÚõ ÈöäúÊõ ÑóÓõæáö Çááøóåö æóÈöäúÊõ ÚóÏõæøö Çááøóåö ÚöäúÏó ÑóÌõáò ÃóÈóÏðÇ¡ ÅöäøóãóÇ ÝóÇØöãóÉõ ÈóÖúÚóÉñ ãöäøöí¡ íõÑöíÈõäöí ãóÇ ÃóÑóÇÈóåóÇ (1) ¡ æóíõÄúÐöíäöí ãóÇ ÂÐóÇåóÇ "¡ Ëõãøó ÐóßóÑó ÕöåúÑðÇ áóåõ ãöäú Èóäöí ÚóÈúÏö ÔóãúÓò ÝóÃóËúäóì Úóáóíúåö æóÞóÇáó: " ÍóÏøóËóäöí ÝóÕóÏóÞóäöí¡ æóæóÚóÏóäöí ÝóæóÝóì áöí» (2) ".
æóåóßóÐóÇ ãõÕóÇåóÑóÉõ ÚõËúãóÇäó áóåõ¡ áóãú íóÒóáú ÝöíåóÇ ÍóãöíÏðÇ¡ áóãú íóÞóÚú ãöäúåõ (3) ãóÇ íóÚúÊöÈõ Úóáóíúåö ÝöíåóÇ¡ ÍóÊøóì ÞóÇáó: " «áóæú ßóÇäó (4) ÚöäúÏóäóÇ ËóÇáöËóÉñ áóÒóæøóÌúäóÇåóÇ ÚõËúãóÇäó» ".
æóåóÐóÇ íóÏõáøõ Úóáóì Ãóäøó ãõÕóÇåóÑóÊóåõ áöáäøóÈöíøö - Õóáøóì Çááøóåõ Úóáóíúåö æóÓóáøóãó - Ãóßúãóáõ ãöäú ãõÕóÇåóÑóÉö Úóáöíøò áóåõ (5) . æóÝóÇØöãóÉõ ßóÇäóÊú ÃóÕúÛóÑó ÈóäóÇÊöåö¡ æóÚóÇÔóÊú ÈóÚúÏóåõ¡ æóÃõÕöíÈóÊú Èöåö¡ ÝóÕóÇÑó áóåóÇ ãöäó ÇáúÝóÖúáö ãóÇ áóíúÓó áöÛóíúÑöåóÇ. æóãóÚúáõæãñ Ãóäøó ßóÈöíÑóÉó ÇáúÈóäóÇÊö Ýöí ÇáúÚóÇÏóÉö ÊõÒóæøóÌõ ÞóÈúáó ÇáÕøóÛöíÑóÉö¡ ÝóÃóÈõæ ÇáúÚóÇÕö ÊóÒóæøóÌó ÃóæøóáðÇ ÒóíúäóÈó ÈöãóßøóÉó¡ Ëõãøó ÚõËúãóÇäõ ÊóÒóæøóÌó ÈöÑõÞóíøóÉó æóÃõãøö ßõáúËõæãò¡ æóÇÍöÏóÉð ÈóÚúÏó æóÇÍöÏóÉò.
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(1) ä¡ ã: ãóÇ ÑóÇÈóåóÇ
(2) ÓóÈóÞó åóÐóÇ ÇáúÍóÏöíËõ ÝöíãóÇ ãóÖóì 4/145
(3) ä¡ ã¡ Ó: ãöäúåóÇ.
(4) ä¡ ã: ßóÇäóÊú
(5) Ýöí ÌóãöíÚö ÇáäøõÓóÎö: Ãóßúãóáõ ãöäú ãõÕóÇåóÑóÊöåö áöÚóáöíøò. æóáóÚóáøó ãóÇ ÃóËúÈóÊøõåõ íóÓúÊóÞöíãõ Èöåö ÇáúßóáóÇãõ.(8/235)
ÞóÇáõæÇ: æóÔöíÚóÉõ ÚõËúãóÇäó ÇáúãõÎúÊóÕøõæäó Èöåö ßóÇäõæÇ ÃóÝúÖóáó ãöäú ÔöíÚóÉö Úóáöíøò ÇáúãõÎúÊóÕøöíäó Èöåö¡ æóÃóßúËóÑó ÎóíúÑðÇ¡ æóÃóÞóáøó ÔóÑøðÇ. ÝóÅöäøó ÔöíÚóÉó ÚõËúãóÇäó ÃóßúËóÑõ ãóÇ äõÞöãó Úóáóíúåöãú ãöäó ÇáúÈöÏóÚö ÇäúÍöÑóÇÝõåõãú Úóäú Úóáöíøò¡ æóÓóÈøõåõãú áóåõ Úóáóì ÇáúãóäóÇÈöÑö (1) ¡ áöãóÇ ÌóÑóì Èóíúäóåõãú æóÈóíúäóåõ ãöäó ÇáúÞöÊóÇáö ãóÇ ÌóÑóì¡ áóßöäú ãóÚó Ðóáößó áóãú íõßóÝøöÑõæåõ æóáóÇ ßóÝøóÑõæÇ ãóäú íõÍöÈøõåõ.
æóÃóãøóÇ ÔöíÚóÉõ Úóáöíøò ÝóÝöíåöãú ãóäú íóßóÝøöÑõ ÇáÕøóÍóÇÈóÉó æóÇáúÃõãøóÉó æóíóáúÚóäõ (2) ÃóßóÇÈöÑó ÇáÕøóÍóÇÈóÉö ãóÇ åõæó ÃóÚúÙóãõ (3) ãöäú ÐóÇßó ÈöÃóÖúÚóÇÝò ãõÖóÇÚóÝóÉò.
æóÔöíÚóÉõ ÚõËúãóÇäó ÊõÞóÇÊöáõ ÇáúßõÝøóÇÑó¡ æóÇáÑøóÇÝöÖóÉõ áóÇ ÊõÞóÇÊöáõ ÇáúßõÝøóÇÑó¡ æóÔöíÚóÉõ ÚõËúãóÇäó áóãú íóßõäú ÝöíåóÇ ÒöäúÏöíÞñ æóáóÇ ãõÑúÊóÏøñ¡ æóÞóÏú ÏóÎóáó Ýöí ÔöíÚóÉö Úóáöíøò ãöäó ÇáÒøóäóÇÏöÞóÉö æóÇáúãõÑúÊóÏøöíäó ãóÇ áóÇ íõÍúÕöí ÚóÏóÏóåõ ÅöáøóÇ Çááøóåõ ÊóÚóÇáóì.
æóÔöíÚóÉõ ÚõËúãóÇäó áóãú ÊõæóÇáö ÇáúßõÝøóÇÑó¡ æóÇáÑøóÇÝöÖóÉõ íõæóÇáõæäó ÇáúíóåõæÏó æóÇáäøóÕóÇÑóì æóÇáúãõÔúÑößöíäó Úóáóì ÞöÊóÇáö ÇáúãõÓúáöãöíäó¡ ßóãóÇ ÚõÑöÝó ãöäúåõãú æóÞóÇÆöÚõ (4) .
æóÔöíÚóÉõ ÚõËúãóÇäó áóíúÓó Ýöíåöãú ãóäú íóÏøóÚöí Ýöíåö ÇáúÅöáóåöíøóÉó æóáóÇ ÇáäøõÈõæøóÉó¡ æóßóËöíÑñ ãöäó ÇáÏøóÇÎöáöíäó Ýöí ÔöíÚóÉö Úóáöíøò ãóäú íóÏøóÚöí äõÈõæøóÊóåõ Ãóæú ÅöáóåöíøóÊóåõ.
æóÔöíÚóÉõ ÚõËúãóÇäó áóíúÓó Ýöíåöãú ãóäú ÞóÇáó: Åöäøó ÚõËúãóÇäó ÅöãóÇãñ ãóÚúÕõæãñ¡ æóáóÇ ãóäúÕõæÕó Úóáóíúåö¡ æóÇáÑøóÇÝöÖóÉõ ÊóÒúÚõãõ Ãóäøó ÚóáöíøðÇ ãóäúÕõæÕñ Úóáóíúåö ãóÚúÕõæãñ.
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(1) ã: æóÓóÈøõåõ Úóáóì ÇáúãóäóÇÈöÑö
(2) ä¡ Ó¡ È: æóáóÚóäóåõ.
(3) ä: ÃóßúÈóÑõ¡ Ó¡ È: ÃóßúËóÑõ
(4) È: ßóãóÇ ÞóÏú ÚõÑöÝó Úóäúåõãú Ýöí æóÞóÇÆöÚó.(8/236)
æóÔöíÚóÉõ ÚõËúãóÇäó ãõÊøóÝöÞóÉñ Úóáóì ÊóÞúÏöíãö ÃóÈöí ÈóßúÑò æóÊóÝúÖöíáöåöãóÇ Úóáóì ÚõËúãóÇäó¡ æóÔöíÚóÉõ Úóáöíøò ÇáúãõÊóÃóÎøöÑõæäó ÃóßúËóÑõåõãú íóÐõãøõæäóåõãóÇ æóíóÓõÈøõæäóåõãóÇ¡ æóÃóãøóÇ ÇáÑøóÇÝöÖóÉõ ÝóãõÊøóÝöÞóÉñ Úóáóì ÈõÛúÖöåöãóÇ æóÐóãøöåöãóÇ¡ æóßóËöíÑñ ãöäúåõãú íõßóÝøöÑõæäóåõãóÇ¡ æóÃóãøóÇ ÇáÒøóíúÏöíøóÉõ ÝóßóËöíÑñ ãöäúåõãú ÃóíúÖðÇ íóÐõãøõåõãóÇ æóíóÓõÈøõåõãóÇ¡ Èóáú æóíóáúÚóäõåõãóÇ¡ æóÎöíóÇÑõ ÇáÒøóíúÏöíøóÉö ÇáøóÐöíäó íõÝóÖøöáõæäóåõ (1) ÚóáóíúåöãóÇ¡ æóíóÐõãøõæäó ÚõËúãóÇäó Ãóæú íóÞóÚõæäó Èöåö.
æóÞóÏú ßóÇäó ÃóíúÖðÇ Ýöí ÔöíÚóÉö ÚõËúãóÇäó ãóäú íõÄóÎøöÑõ ÇáÕøóáóÇÉó Úóäú æóÞúÊöåóÇ: íõÄóÎøöÑõ ÇáÙøõåúÑó Ãóæö ÇáúÚóÕúÑó ; æóáöåóÐóÇ áóãøóÇ Êóæóáøóì Èóäõæ ÇáúÚóÈøóÇÓö ßóÇäõæÇ ÃóÍúÓóäó ãõÑóÇÚóÇÉð áöáúæóÞúÊö ãöäú Èóäöí ÃõãóíøóÉó¡ áóßöäú ÔöíÚóÉõ Úóáöíøò ÇáúãõÎúÊóÕøõæäó Èöåö ÇáøóÐöíäó áóÇ íõÞöÑøõæäó ÈöÅöãóÇãóÉö ÃóÍóÏò ãöäó ÇáúÃóÆöãøóÉö ÇáËøóáóÇËóÉö æóÛóíúÑöåöãú¡ ÃóÚúÙóãõ ÊóÚúØöíáðÇ áöáÕøóáóÇÉö¡ Èóáú æóáöÛóíúÑöåóÇ ãöäó ÇáÔøóÑóÇÆöÚö¡ æóÃóäøóåõãú áóÇ íõÕóáøõæäó ÌõãõÚóÉð æóáóÇ ÌóãóÇÚóÉð¡ ÝóíõÚóØøöáõæäó ÇáúãóÓóÇÌöÏó¡ æóáóåõãú Ýöí ÊóÞúÏöíãö ÇáúÚóÕúÑö æóÇáúÚöÔóÇÁö¡ æóÊóÃúÎöíÑö ÇáúãóÛúÑöÈö ãóÇ åõãú ÃóÔóÏøõ ÇäúÍöÑóÇÝðÇ Ýöíåö ãöäú ÃõæáóÆößó (2) ¡ æóåõãú ãóÚó åóÐóÇ íõÚóÙøöãõæäó ÇáúãóÔóÇåöÏó ãóÚó ÊóÚúØöíáö ÇáúãóÓóÇÌöÏö ; ãõÖóÇåóÇÉð áöáúãõÔúÑößöíäó æóÃóåúáö ÇáúßöÊóÇÈö¡ ÇáøóÐöíäó ßóÇäõæÇ ÅöÐóÇ ãóÇÊó Ýöíåöãõ ÇáÑøóÌõáõ ÇáÕøóÇáöÍõ ÈóäóæúÇ Úóáóì ÞóÈúÑöåö ãóÓúÌöÏðÇ¡ ÝóÃóíúäó åóÐóÇ ãöäú åóÐóÇ¿ !
ÝóÇáÔøóÑøõ æóÇáúÝóÓóÇÏõ ÇáøóÐöí Ýöí ÔöíÚóÉö Úóáöíøò ÃóÖúÚóÇÝõ ÃóÖúÚóÇÝö ÇáÔøóÑøö æóÇáúÝóÓóÇÏö ÇáøóÐöí Ýöí ÔöíÚóÉö ÚõËúãóÇäó¡ æóÇáúÎóíúÑõ æóÇáÕøóáóÇÍõ ÇáøóÐöí Ýöí ÔöíÚóÉö ÚõËúãóÇäó¡ (* ÃóÖúÚóÇÝõ ÃóÖúÚóÇÝö ÇáúÎóíúÑö ÇáøóÐöí Ýöí ÔöíÚóÉö Úóáöíøò. æóÈóäõæ ÃõãóíøóÉó ßóÇäõæÇ ÔöíÚóÉó
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(1) ä¡ ã¡ Ó: ÇáøóÐöíäó íõÝóÖøöáõæäó
(2) ä¡ Ó: ÃóÔóÏøõ ÇäúÍöÑóÇÝðÇ Ýöíåö ãöäó ÇáÔøöíÚóÉö ãöäú ÃõæáóÆößó¡ ã: ÃóÔóÏøõ ÇäúÍöÑóÇÝðÇ Ýöíåö Úóäö ÇáÔøöíÚóÉö ãöäú ÃõæáóÆößó æóÇáÕøóæóÇÈõ ãóÇ ÃóËúÈóÊøõåõ ãöäú (È) .(8/237)
ÚõËúãóÇäó *) (1) ¡ ÝóßóÇäó ÇáúÅöÓúáóÇãõ æóÔóÑóÇÆöÚõåõ Ýöí Òóãóäöåöãú ÃóÙúåóÑó æóÃóæúÓóÚó ãöãøóÇ ßóÇäó ÈóÚúÏóåõãú.
æóÝöí ÇáÕøóÍöíÍóíúäö Úóäú ÌóÇÈöÑö Èúäö ÓóãõÑóÉó Ãóäøó ÇáäøóÈöíøó - Õóáøóì Çááøóåõ Úóáóíúåö æóÓóáøóãó - ÞóÇáó: " «áóÇ íóÒóÇáõ åóÐóÇ ÇáúÃóãúÑõ ÚóÒöíÒðÇ Åöáóì ÇËúäóíú ÚóÔóÑó ÎóáöíÝóÉð ßõáøõåõãú ãöäú ÞõÑóíúÔò» ".
æóáóÝúÙõ ÇáúÈõÎóÇÑöíøö: " «ÇËúäóíú ÚóÔóÑó ÃóãöíÑðÇ» ". æóÝöí áóÝúÙò: " «áóÇ íóÒóÇáõ ÃóãúÑõ ÇáäøóÇÓö ãóÇÖöíðÇ æóáóåõãõ ÇËúäóÇ ÚóÔóÑó ÑóÌõáðÇ» ". æóÝöí áóÝúÙò: " «áóÇ íóÒóÇáõ ÇáúÅöÓúáóÇãõ ÚóÒöíÒðÇ Åöáóì ÇËúäóíú ÚóÔóÑó ÎóáöíÝóÉð ßõáøõåõãú ãöäú ÞõÑóíúÔò» " (2) .
æóåóßóÐóÇ ßóÇäó¡ ÝóßóÇäó ÇáúÎõáóÝóÇÁõ: ÃóÈõæ ÈóßúÑò¡ æóÚõãóÑõ¡ æóÚõËúãóÇäõ¡ æóÚóáöíøñ¡ Ëõãøó Êóæóáøóì ãóäö ÇÌúÊóãóÚó ÇáäøóÇÓõ Úóáóíúåö æóÕóÇÑó áóåõ ÚöÒøñ æóãóäóÚóÉñ: ãõÚóÇæöíóÉõ¡ æóÇÈúäõåõ íóÒöíÏõ¡ Ëõãøó ÚóÈúÏõ Çáúãóáößö æóÃóæúáóÇÏõåõ ÇáúÃóÑúÈóÚóÉõ¡ æóÈóíúäóåõãú ÚõãóÑõ Èúäõ ÚóÈúÏö ÇáúÚóÒöíÒö. æóÈóÚúÏó Ðóáößó ÍóÕóáó Ýöí ÏóæúáóÉö ÇáúÅöÓúáóÇãö ãöäó ÇáäøóÞúÕö ãóÇ åõæó ÈóÇÞò Åöáóì ÇáúÂäó ; ÝóÅöäøó Èóäöí ÃõãóíøóÉó ÊóæóáøóæúÇ Úóáóì ÌóãöíÚö ÃóÑúÖö ÇáúÅöÓúáóÇãö¡ æóßóÇäóÊö ÇáÏøóæúáóÉõ Ýöí Òóãóäöåöãú ÚóÒöíÒóÉð (3) ¡ æóÇáúÎóáöíÝóÉõ íõÏúÚóì ÈöÇÓúãöåö: ÚóÈúÏó Çáúãóáößö¡ æóÓõáóíúãóÇäó¡ áóÇ íóÚúÑöÝõæäó ÚóÖõÏó ÇáÏøóæúáóÉö¡ æóáóÇ ÚöÒøó ÇáÏøöíäö¡ æóÈóåóÇÁó ÇáÏøöíäö (4) ¡ æóÝõáóÇäó ÇáÏøöíäö¡ æóßóÇäó ÃóÍóÏõåõãú åõæó ÇáøóÐöí íõÕóáøöí ÈöÇáäøóÇÓö ÇáÕøóáóæóÇÊö (5) ÇáúÎóãúÓó¡ æóÝöí ÇáúãóÓúÌöÏö íóÚúÞöÏõ ÇáÑøóÇíóÇÊö æóíõÄóãøöÑõ ÇáúÃõãóÑóÇÁó¡ æóÅöäøóãóÇ íóÓúßõäõ ÏóÇÑóåõ¡ áóÇ íóÓúßõäõæäó ÇáúÍõÕõæäó¡ æóáóÇ íóÍúÊóÌöÈõæäó Úóäú (6) ÇáÑøóÚöíøóÉö.
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(1) ãóÇ Èóíúäó ÇáäøóÌúãóÊóíúäö ÓóÇÞöØñ ãöäú (ã) .
(2) ÓóÈóÞó åóÐóÇ ÇáúÍóÏöíËõ ÝöíãóÇ ãóÖóì 3/533 - 534.
(3) ä¡ Ó¡ È: ÚóÑóÈöíøóÉð æóåõæó ÊóÍúÑöíÝñ
(4) ã: æóáóÇ ÚöÒøó ÇáÏøóæúáóÉö æóÈóåóÇÁó ÇáÏøóæúáóÉö.
(5) Ó¡ È: íõÕóáøöí ÈöÇáÕøóáóæóÇÊö
(6) ä¡ Ó¡ È: Úóáóì. .(8/238)
æóßóÇäó ãöäú ÃóÓúÈóÇÈö Ðóáößó Ãóäøóåõãú ßóÇäõæÇ Ýöí ÕóÏúÑö ÇáúÅöÓúáóÇãö Ýöí ÇáúÞõÑõæäó ÇáúãõÝóÖøóáóÉö: ÞóÑúäö ÇáÕøóÍóÇÈóÉö¡ æóÇáÊøóÇÈöÚöíäó¡ æóÊóÇÈöÚöíåöãú. æóÃóÚúÙóãõ ãóÇ äóÞöãóåõ ÇáäøóÇÓõ Úóáóì Èóäöí ÃõãóíøóÉó ÔóíúÆóÇäö: ÃóÍóÏõåõãóÇ: Êóßóáøõãõåõãú Ýöí Úóáöíøò¡ æóÇáËøóÇäöí: ÊóÃúÎöíÑõ ÇáÕøóáóÇÉö Úóäú æóÞúÊöåóÇ.
æóáöåóÐóÇ ÑõÆöíó ÚõãóÑõ Èúäõ ãõÑøóÉó ÇáúÌóãóáöíøõ ÈóÚúÏó ãóæúÊöåö¡ ÝóÞöíáó áóåõ: ãóÇ ÝóÚóáó Çááøóåõ Èößó¿ ÞóÇáó: ÛóÝóÑó áöí ÈöãõÍóÇÝóÙóÊöí Úóáóì ÇáÕøóáóæóÇÊö Ýöí ãóæóÇÞöíÊöåóÇ¡ æóÍõÈøöí (1) Úóáöíøó Èúäó ÃóÈöí ØóÇáöÈò. ÝóåóÐóÇ ÍóÇÝóÙó Úóáóì åóÇÊóíúäö ÇáÓøõäøóÊóíúäö (2) Íöíäó ÙóåóÑó ÎöáóÇÝõåõãóÇ ; ÝóÛóÝóÑó Çááøóåõ áóåõ ÈöÐóáößó. æóåóßóÐóÇ ÔóÃúäõ ãóäú ÊóãóÓøóßó (* ÈöÇáÓøõäøóÉö ÅöÐóÇ ÙóåóÑóÊú ÈöÏúÚóÉñ¡ ãöËúáó ãóäú ÊóãóÓøóßó *) (3) ÈöÍõÈøö ÇáúÎõáóÝóÇÁö ÇáËøóáóÇËóÉö ; ÍóíúËõ íóÙúåóÑõ ÎöáóÇÝõ Ðóáößó æóãóÇ ÃóÔúÈóåóåõ.
Ëõãøó ßóÇäó ãöäú äöÚóãö Çááøóåö ÓõÈúÍóÇäóåõ æóÑóÍúãóÊöåö ÈöÇáúÅöÓúáóÇãö Ãóäøó ÇáÏøóæúáóÉó áóãøóÇ ÇäúÊóÞóáóÊú Åöáóì Èóäöí åóÇÔöãò ÕóÇÑóÊú Ýöí Èóäöí ÇáúÚóÈøóÇÓö¡ ÝóÅöäøó ÇáÏøóæúáóÉó ÇáúåóÇÔöãöíøóÉó Ãóæøóáó ãóÇ ÙóåóÑóÊú (4) ßóÇäóÊö ÇáÏøóÚúæóÉõ Åöáóì ÇáÑøöÖóÇ ãöäú Âáö ãõÍóãøóÏò¡ æóßóÇäóÊú ÔöíÚóÉõ ÇáÏøóæúáóÉö (5) ãõÍöÈøöíäó áöÈóäöí åóÇÔöãò¡ æóßóÇäó ÇáøóÐöí Êóæóáøóì ÇáúÎöáóÇÝóÉó ãöäú Èóäöí åóÇÔöãò íóÚúÑöÝõ ÞóÏúÑó ÇáúÎõáóÝóÇÁö ÇáÑøóÇÔöÏöíäó æóÇáÓøóÇÈöÞöíäó ÇáúÃóæøóáöíäó ãöäó ÇáúãõåóÇÌöÑöíäó æóÇáúÃóäúÕóÇÑö¡ Ýóáóãú íóÙúåóÑú Ýöí ÏóæúáóÊöåöãú ÅöáøóÇ ÊóÚúÙöíãõ ÇáúÎõáóÝóÇÁö ÇáÑøóÇÔöÏöíäó¡ æóÐößúÑõåõãú Úóáóì ÇáúãóäóÇÈöÑö¡ æóÇáËøóäóÇÁõ Úóáóíúåöãú (6) ¡ æóÊóÚúÙöíãõ ÇáÕøóÍóÇÈóÉö¡ æóÅöáøóÇ Ýóáóæú Êóæóáøóì - æóÇáúÚöíóÇÐõ ÈöÇááøóåö - ÑóÇÝöÖöíøñ íóÓõÈøõ ÇáúÎõáóÝóÇÁó æóÇáÓøóÇÈöÞöíäó ÇáúÃóæøóáöíäó áóÞóáóÈó ÇáúÅöÓúáóÇãó.
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(1) ã:. . ãõÍóÇÝóÙóÊöí Úóáóì ÇáÕøóáóæóÇÊö æóÍõÈøöí. .
(2) ã: Úóáóì åóÐóíúäö ÇáÔøóíúÆóíúäö.
(3) ãóÇ Èóíúäó ÇáäøóÌúãóÊóíúäö ÓóÇÞöØñ ãöäú (Ó) ¡ (È) .
(4) ã: ÇáúåóÇÔöãöíøóÉó áóãøóÇ ÙóåóÑóÊú
(5) ã: ÝóßóÇäóÊö ÇáÏøóæúáóÉõ. .
(6) ã: æóÐößúÑõåõãú ÚóáöíøðÇ ÈöÇáúÈöÑøö æóÇáËøóäóÇÁö ÎóáúÝóåõãú.(8/239)
æóáóßöäú ÏóÎóáó Ýöí ÛöãóÇÑö ÇáÏøóæúáóÉö ãóäú ßóÇäõæÇ áóÇ íóÑúÖóæúäó ÈóÇØöäóåõ¡ æóãóäú ßóÇäó áóÇ íõãúßöäõåõãú ÏóÝúÚõåõ¡ ßóãóÇ áóãú íõãúßöäú ÚóáöíøðÇ ÞóãúÚõ ÇáúÃõãóÑóÇÁö ÇáøóÐöíäó åõãú ÃóßóÇÈöÑõ ÚóÓúßóÑöåö¡ ßóÇáúÃóÔúÚóËö Èúäö ÞóíúÓò¡ æóÇáúÃóÔúÊóÑö ÇáäøóÎóÚöíøö¡ æóåóÇÔöãò ÇáúãöÑúÞóÇáö¡ æóÃóãúËóÇáöåöãú.
æóÏóÎóáó ãöäú ÃóÈúäóÇÁö ÇáúãóÌõæÓö¡ æóãóäú Ýöí ÞóáúÈöåö Ûöáøñ Úóáóì ÇáúÅöÓúáóÇãö ãöäú Ãóåúáö ÇáúÈöÏóÚö æóÇáÒøóäóÇÏöÞóÉö¡ æóÊóÊóÈøóÚóåõãõ ÇáúãóåúÏöíøõ ÈöÞóÊúáöåöãú (1) ¡ ÍóÊøóì ÇäúÏóÝóÚó ÈöÐóáößó ÔóÑøñ ßóÈöíÑñ (2) ¡ æóßóÇäó ãöäú ÎöíóÇÑö ÎõáóÝóÇÁö Èóäöí ÇáúÚóÈøóÇÓö.
æóßóÐóáößó ÇáÑøóÔöíÏõ (3) ¡ ßóÇäó Ýöíåö ãöäú ÊóÚúÙöíãö ÇáúÚöáúãö æóÇáúÌöåóÇÏö æóÇáÏøöíäö ãóÇ ßóÇäóÊú Èöåö ÏóæúáóÊõåõ ãöäú ÎöíóÇÑö Ïõæóáö Èóäöí ÇáúÚóÈøóÇÓö¡ æóßóÃóäøóãóÇ ßóÇäóÊú ÊóãóÇãó ÓóÚóÇÏóÊöåöãú¡ Ýóáóãú íóäúÊóÙöãú ÈóÚúÏóåóÇ ÇáúÃóãúÑõ áóåõãú¡ ãóÚó Ãóäøó ÃóÍóÏðÇ ãöäó ÇáúÚóÈøóÇÓöíøöíäó áóãú íóÓúÊóæúáõæÇ Úóáóì ÇáúÃóäúÏóáõÓö¡ æóáóÇ Úóáóì ÃóßúËóÑö ÇáúãóÛúÑöÈö¡ æóÅöäøóãóÇ ÛóáóÈó ÈóÚúÖõåõãú Úóáóì ÅöÝúÑöíÞöíóÉó ãõÏøóÉð¡ Ëõãøó ÃõÎöÐóÊú ãöäúåõãú.
ÈöÎöáóÇÝö ÃõæáóÆößó¡ ÝóÅöäøóåõãõ ÇÓúÊóæúáóæúÇ Úóáóì ÌóãöíÚö ÇáúãóãúáóßóÉö ÇáúÅöÓúáóÇãöíøóÉö¡ æóÞóåóÑõæÇ ÌóãöíÚó ÃóÚúÏóÇÁö ÇáÏøöíäö¡ æóßóÇäóÊú ÌõíõæÔõåõãú ÌóíúÔðÇ ÈöÇáúÃóäúÏóáõÓö íóÝúÊóÍõåõ¡ æóÌóíúÔðÇ ÈöÈöáóÇÏö ÇáÊøõÑúßö íõÞóÇÊöáõ ÇáúÞóÇäó ÇáúßóÈöíÑó (4) ¡ æóÌóíúÔðÇ ÈöÈöáóÇÏö ÇáúÚóÈöíÏö (5) ¡ æóÌóíúÔðÇ ÈöÃóÑúÖö ÇáÑøõæãö¡ æóßóÇäó ÇáúÅöÓúáóÇãõ Ýöí ÒöíóÇÏóÉò æóÞõæøóÉò¡ ÚóÒöíÒðÇ Ýöí ÌóãöíÚö ÇáúÃóÑúÖö.
æóåóÐóÇ ÊóÕúÏöíÞõ ãóÇ ÃóÎúÈóÑó Èöåö ÇáäøóÈöíøõ - Õóáøóì Çááøóåõ Úóáóíúåö æóÓóáøóãó - ÍóíúËõ ÞóÇáó: " «áóÇ
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(1) ä: íóÞúÊõáõåõãú
(2) ã: ßóËöíÑñ
(3) ÇáÑøóÔöíÏõ: ÓóÇÞöØóÉñ ãöäú (Ó) ¡ (È)
(4) ã: ÇáúßóËöíÑó.
(5) ã: ÇáúÚóÈúÏö.(8/240)
íóÒóÇáõ åóÐóÇ ÇáÏøöíäõ ÚóÒöíÒðÇ ãóÇ Êóæóáøóì ÇËúäóÇ ÚóÔóÑó ÎóáöíÝóÉð ßõáøõåõãú ãöäú ÞõÑóíúÔò» " (1) .
æóåóÄõáóÇÁö ÇáöÇËúäóÇ ÚóÔóÑó ÎóáöíÝóÉð åõãõ ÇáúãóÐúßõæÑõæäó Ýöí ÇáÊøóæúÑóÇÉö ; ÍóíúËõ ÞóÇáó Ýöí ÈöÔóÇÑóÊöåö ÈöÅöÓúãóÇÚöíáó: " æóÓóíóáöÏõ ÇËúäóíú ÚóÔóÑó ÚóÙöíãðÇ ".
æóãóäú Ùóäøó Ãóäøó åóÄõáóÇÁö ÇáöÇËúäóíú ÚóÔóÑó åõãõ ÇáøóÐöíäó ÊóÚúÊóÞöÏõ ÇáÑøóÇÝöÖóÉõ ÅöãóÇãóÊóåõãú Ýóåõæó Ýöí ÛóÇíóÉö ÇáúÌóåúáö ; ÝóÅöäøó åóÄõáóÇÁö áóíúÓó Ýöíåöãú ãóäú ßóÇäó áóåõ ÓóíúÝñ ÅöáøóÇ Úóáöíøõ Èúäõ ÃóÈöí ØóÇáöÈò (2) ¡ æóãóÚó åóÐóÇ Ýóáóãú íóÊóãóßøóäú Ýöí ÎöáóÇÝóÊöåö ãöäú ÛóÒúæö ÇáúßõÝøóÇÑö¡ æóáóÇ ÝóÊúÍö ãóÏöíäóÉò¡ æóáóÇ ÞóÊóáó ßóÇÝöÑðÇ¡ Èóáú ßóÇäó ÇáúãõÓúáöãõæäó ÞóÏö ÇÔúÊóÛóáó ÈóÚúÖõåõãú ÈöÞöÊóÇáö ÈóÚúÖò¡ ÍóÊøóì ØóãöÚó Ýöíåöãõ ÇáúßõÝøóÇÑõ ÈöÇáÔøóÑúÞö æóÇáÔøóÇãö ãöäó ÇáúãõÔúÑößöíäó æóÃóåúáö ÇáúßöÊóÇÈö¡ ÍóÊøóì íõÞóÇáó Åöäøóåõãú ÃóÎóÐõæÇ ÈóÚúÖó ÈöáóÇÏö ÇáúãõÓúáöãöíäó (3) ¡ æóÅöäøó ÈóÚúÖó ÇáúßõÝøóÇÑö ßóÇäó íõÍúãóáõ Åöáóíúåö ßóáóÇãñ ÍóÊøóì íóßõÝøó Úóäö ÇáúãõÓúáöãöíäó¡ ÝóÃóíøõ ÚöÒøò áöáúÅöÓúáóÇãö Ýöí åóÐóÇ¡ æóÇáÓøóíúÝõ íóÚúãóáõ Ýöí ÇáúãõÓúáöãöíäó¡ æóÚóÏøõæåõãú ÞóÏú ØóãöÚó Ýöíåöãú æóäóÇáó ãöäúåõãú¿ !
æóÃóãøóÇ ÓóÇÆöÑõ ÇáúÃóÆöãøóÉö ÛóíúÑõ Úóáöíøò¡ Ýóáóãú íóßõäú áöÃóÍóÏò ãöäúåõãú ÓóíúÝñ¡ áóÇ ÓöíøóãóÇ ÇáúãõäúÊóÙóÑö¡ Èóáú åõæó ÚöäúÏó ãóäú íóÞõæáõ ÈöÅöãóÇãóÊöåö: ÅöãøóÇ ÎóÇÆöÝñ ÚóÇÌöÒñ¡ æóÅöãøóÇ åóÇÑöÈñ (4) ãõÎúÊóÝò ãöäú ÃóßúËóÑó ãöäú ÃóÑúÈóÚöãöÇÆóÉö ÓóäóÉò¡ æóåõæó áóãú íóåúÏö ÖóÇáøðÇ æóáóÇ ÃóãóÑó ÈöãóÚúÑõæÝò¡ æóáóÇ äóåóì Úóäú ãõäúßóÑò¡ æóáóÇ äóÕóÑó ãóÙúáõæãðÇ¡ æóáóÇ ÃóÝúÊóì ÃóÍóÏðÇ Ýöí ãóÓúÃóáóÉò¡ æóáóÇ Íóßóãó
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(1) ÓóÈóÞó åóÐóÇ ÇáúÍóÏöíËõ ÞóÈúáó ÕóÝóÍóÇÊò¡ æóÓóÈóÞó ÝöíãóÇ ãóÖóì 3/533.
(2) ÇáúãóÞúÕõæÏõ åõäóÇ Ãóäøó Úóáöíøó Èúäó ÃóÈöí ØóÇáöÈò - ÑóÖöíó Çááøóåõ Úóäúåõ - ßóÇäó åõæó ÇáúæóÍöíÏó ãöäó ÇáúÃóÆöãøóÉö ÇáöÇËúäóíú ÚóÔóÑó ÇáøóÐöí Êõæóáøóì ÇáúÎöáóÇÝóÉó æóßóÇäóÊú áóåõ ÑöÆóÇÓóÉõ ÇáÏøóæúáóÉö æóÇáÓøõáúØóÉö Úóáóì ÌõíõæÔö ÇáúãõÓúáöãöíäó.
(3) ä¡ ã: ÇáúÅöÓúáóÇãö.
(4) ã: Ãóæú åóÇÑöÈñ. . .(8/241)
Ýöí ÞóÖöíøóÉò¡ æóáóÇ íõÚúÑóÝõ áóåõ æõÌõæÏñ¡ ÝóÃóíøõ ÝóÇÆöÏóÉò ÍóÕóáóÊú ãöäú åóÐóÇ áóæú ßóÇäó ãóæúÌõæÏðÇ¡ ÝóÖúáðÇ Úóäú Ãóäú íóßõæäó ÇáúÅöÓúáóÇãõ Èöåö ÚóÒöíÒðÇ¿ !
(* Ëõãøó Åöäøó ÇáäøóÈöíøó - Õóáøóì Çááøóåõ Úóáóíúåö æóÓóáøóãó - ÃóÎúÈóÑó Ãóäøó ÇáúÅöÓúáóÇãó áóÇ íóÒóÇáõ ÚóÒöíÒðÇ *) (1) ¡ æóáóÇ íóÒóÇáõ ÃóãúÑõ åóÐöåö ÇáúÃõãøóÉö ãõÓúÊóÞöíãðÇ (2) ¡ ÍóÊøóì íóÊóæóáøóì ÇËúäóÇ ÚóÔóÑó ÎóáöíÝóÉð¡ [Ýóáóæú ßóÇäó ÇáúãõÑóÇÏõ Èöåöãú åóÄõáóÇÁö ÇáöÇËúäóÇ ÚóÔóÑó] (3) æóÂÎöÑõåõãõ ÇáúãõäúÊóÙóÑõ¡ æóåõæó ãóæúÌõæÏñ ÇáúÂäó Åöáóì Ãóäú íóÙúåóÑó ÚöäúÏóåõãú¡ ßóÇäó (4) ÇáúÅöÓúáóÇãõ áóãú íóÒóáú ÚóÒöíÒðÇ Ýöí ÇáÏøóæúáóÊóíúäö ÇáúÃõãóæöíøóÉö æóÇáúÚóÈøóÇÓöíøóÉö¡ æóßóÇäó ÚóÒöíÒðÇ æóÞóÏú ÎóÑóÌó ÇáúßõÝøóÇÑõ ÈöÇáúãóÔúÑöÞö æóÇáúãóÛúÑöÈö¡ æóÝóÚóáõæÇ ÈöÇáúãõÓúáöãöíäó ãóÇ íóØõæáõ æóÕúÝõåõ¡ æóßóÇäó ÇáúÅöÓúáóÇãõ áóÇ íóÒóÇáõ ÚóÒöíÒðÇ Åöáóì Çáúíóæúãö¡ æóåóÐóÇ ÎöáóÇÝõ ãóÇ Ïóáøó Úóáóíúåö ÇáúÍóÏöíËõ.
æóÃóíúÖðÇ ÝóÇáúÅöÓúáóÇãõ ÚöäúÏó ÇáúÅöãóÇãöíøóÉö åõæó ãóÇ åõãú Úóáóíúåö¡ æóåõãú ÃóÐóáøõ ÝöÑóÞö ÇáúÃõãøóÉö¡ ÝóáóíúÓó Ýöí Ãóåúáö ÇáúÃóåúæóÇÁö ÃóÐóáøõ ãöäó ÇáÑøóÇÝöÖóÉö¡ æóáóÇ ÃóßúÊóãõ áöÞóæúáöåö ãöäúåõãú¡ æóáóÇ ÃóßúËóÑõ ÇÓúÊöÚúãóÇáðÇ áöáÊøóÞöíøóÉö (5) ãöäúåõãú¡ æóåõãú - Úóáóì ÒóÚúãöåöãú - ÔöíÚóÉõ ÇáöÇËúäóíú ÚóÔóÑó¡ æóåõãú Ýöí ÛóÇíóÉö ÇáÐøõáøö¡ ÝóÃóíøõ ÚöÒøò áöáúÅöÓúáóÇãö ÈöåóÄõáóÇÁö ÇáöÇËúäóíú ÚóÔóÑó Úóáóì ÒóÚúãöåöãú¿ !
æóßóËöíÑñ ãöäó ÇáúíóåõæÏö ÅöÐóÇ ÃóÓúáóãó íóÊóÔóíøóÚõ ; áöÃóäøóåõ ÑóÃóì Ýöí ÇáÊøóæúÑóÇÉö ÐößúÑõ ÇáöÇËúäóíú ÚóÔóÑó ; (* ÝóÙóäøó Ãóäøó åóÄõáóÇÁö åõãú ÃõæáóÆößó¡ æóáóíúÓó ÇáúÃóãúÑõ ßóÐóáößó¡ Èóáö ÇáöÇËúäóÇ ÚóÔóÑó åõãú *) (6) ÇáøóÐöíäó æõáøõæÇ Úóáóì ÇáúÃõãøóÉö ãöäú ÞõÑóíúÔò æöáóÇíóÉð ÚóÇãøóÉð¡ ÝóßóÇäó ÇáúÅöÓúáóÇãõ Ýöí Òóãóäöåöãú ÚóÒöíÒðÇ¡ æóåóÐóÇ ãóÚúÑõæÝñ.
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(1) ãóÇ Èóíúäó ÇáäøóÌúãóÊóíúäö ÓóÇÞöØñ ãöäú (ä) ¡ (Ó) ¡ (È) .
(2) ãõÓúÊóÞöíãðÇ: ÓóÇÞöØóÉñ ãöäú (Ó) ¡ (È) .
(3) ãóÇ Èóíúäó ÇáúãóÚúÞõæÝóÊóíúäö ÓóÇÞöØñ ãöäú (ä) ¡ (Ó) ¡ (È)
(4) ã. Ãóäú¡ È: ÃóßóÇäó
(5) Ó: áöáäøóÝóÞóÉö¡ æóåõæó ÊóÍúÑöíÝñ¡ È: áöáäøöÝóÇÞö.
(6) ãóÇ Èóíúäó ÇáäøóÌúãóÊóíúäö ÓóÇÞöØñ ãöäú (Ó) ¡ (È) .(8/242)
æóÞóÏú ÊóÃóæøóáó ÇÈúäõ åõÈóíúÑóÉó (1) ÇáúÍóÏöíËó Úóáóì Ãóäøó ÇáúãõÑóÇÏó Ãóäøó ÞóæóÇäöíäó ÇáúãóãúáóßóÉö ÈöÇËúäóíú ÚóÔóÑó¡ ãöËúáó ÇáúæóÒöíÑö æóÇáúÞóÇÖöí æóäóÍúæö Ðóáößó. æóåóÐóÇ áóíúÓó ÈöÔóíúÁò¡ Èóáö ÇáúÍóÏöíËõ Úóáóì ÙóÇåöÑöåö áóÇ íóÍúÊóÇÌõ Åöáóì ÊóßóáøõÝò.
æóÂÎóÑõæäó ÞóÇáõæÇ Ýöíåö ãóÞóÇáóÉð ÖóÚöíÝóÉð¡ ßóÃóÈöí ÇáúÝóÑóÌö Èúäö ÇáúÌóæúÒöíøö æóÛóíúÑöåö. æóãöäúåõãú ãóäú ÞóÇáó: áóÇ ÃóÝúåóãõ ãóÚúäóÇåõ ßóÃóÈöí ÈóßúÑö Èúäö ÇáúÚóÑóÈöíøö.
æóÃóãøóÇ ãóÑúæóÇäõ æóÇÈúäõ ÇáÒøõÈóíúÑö Ýóáóãú íóßõäú áöæóÇÍöÏò (2) ãöäúåõãóÇ æöáóÇíóÉñ ÚóÇãøóÉñ¡ Èóáú ßóÇäó Òóãóäõåõ Òóãóäó ÝöÊúäóÉò¡ áóãú íóÍúÕõáú ÝöíåóÇ ãöäú ÚöÒøö ÇáúÅöÓúáóÇãö æóÌöåóÇÏö ÃóÚúÏóÇÆöåö ãóÇ íóÊóäóÇæóáõåõ ÇáúÍóÏöíËõ.
æóáöåóÐóÇ ÌóÚóáó ØóÇÆöÝóÉñ ãöäó ÇáäøóÇÓö ÎöáóÇÝóÉó Úóáöíøò ãöäú åóÐóÇ ÇáúÈóÇÈö. æóÞóÇáõæÇ: áóãú ÊóËúÈõÊú ÈöäóÕøò æóáóÇ ÅöÌúãóÇÚò. æóÞóÏú ÃóäúßóÑó ÇáúÅöãóÇãõ ÃóÍúãóÏõ æóÛóíúÑõåõ Úóáóì åóÄõáóÇÁö¡ æóÞóÇáõæÇ: " ãóäú áóãú íõÑóÈøöÚú ÈöÚóáöíøò Ýöí ÇáúÎöáóÇÝóÉö Ýóåõæó ÃóÖóáøõ ãöäú ÍöãóÇÑö Ãóåúáöåö ". æóÇÓúÊóÏóáøó Úóáóì ËõÈõæÊö ÎöáóÇÝóÊöåö ÈöÍóÏöíËö ÓóÝöíäóÉó Úóäö ÇáäøóÈöíøö - Õóáøóì Çááøóåõ Úóáóíúåö æóÓóáøóãó - ÞóÇáó: " «Êóßõæäõ ÎöáóÇÝóÉõ ÇáäøõÈõæøóÉö ËóáóÇËöíäó ÓóäóÉð Ëõãøó Êóßõæäõ ãõáúßðÇ» ". ÝóÞöíáó áöáÑøóÇæöí: Åöäøó Èóäöí ÃõãóíøóÉó íóÞõæáõæäó: Åöäøó ÚóáöíøðÇ áóãú íóßõäú ÎóáöíÝóÉð. ÝóÞóÇáó: " ßóÐóÈóÊú ÃóÓúÊóÇåõ Èóäöí ÇáÒøóÑúÞóÇÁö " (3) ¡ æóÇáúßóáóÇãõ Úóáóì åóÐöåö ÇáúãóÓúÃóáóÉö áöÈóÓúØöåö ãóæúÖöÚñ ÂÎóÑõ.
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(1) Óõãøöíó ÈöÇÈúäö åõÈóíúÑóÉó ÚöÏøóÉõ ÃóÔúÎóÇÕò¡ æóáóßöäøöí ÃõÑóÌøöÍõ Ãóäøó ÇáøóÐöí íóÞúÕöÏõåõ ÇÈúäõ ÊóíúãöíøóÉó åõæó ÇÈúäõ åõÈóíúÑóÉó ÇáúæóÒöíÑõ æóåõæó íóÍúíóì Èúäõ åõÈóíúÑóÉó Èúäö ãõÍóãøóÏö Èúäö åõÈóíúÑóÉó ÇáÐøõåúáöíøõ ÇáÔøóíúÈóÇäöíøõ ÃóÈõæ ÇáúãõÙóÝøóÑö Úóæúäõ ÇáÏøöíäö ãöäú ßöÈóÇÑö ÇáúæõÒóÑóÇÁö Ýöí ÇáÏøóæúáóÉö ÇáúÚóÈøóÇÓöíøóÉö¡ ÚóÇáöãñ ÈöÇáúÝöÞóåö æóÇáúÃóÏóÈö¡ æõáöÏó ÓóäóÉó 499 æóÊõæõÝøöíó ÓóäóÉó 560¡ ßóÇäó ÇÈúäõ ÇáúÌóæúÒöíøö ãöäú ÊóáóÇãöíÐöåö æóÌóãóÚó ãóÇ ÇÓúÊóÝóÇÏóåõ ãöäúåõ Ýöí ßöÊóÇÈò. ÇäúÙõÑú ÊóÑúÌóãóÊóåõ Ýöí: æóÝóíóÇÊö ÇáúÃóÚúíóÇäö 5/274 - 287 ÔóÐóÑóÇÊö ÇáÐøóåóÈö 4/191 - 197 ÇáúÃóÚúáóÇãö 9/222
(2) Ó¡ È: áöÃóÍóÏò
(3) ÓóÈóÞó åóÐóÇ ÇáúÍóÏöíËõ ÝöíãóÇ ãóÖóì 1/515¡ 537.(8/243)
æóÇáúãóÞúÕõæÏõ åõäóÇ Ãóäøó ÇáúÍóÏöíËó ÇáøóÐöí Ýöíåö ÐößúÑõ ÇáöÇËúäóíú ÚóÔóÑó ÎóáöíÝóÉð¡ ÓóæóÇÁñ ÞõÏøöÑó Ãóäøó ÚóáöíøðÇ ÏóÎóáó Ýöíåö¡ Ãóæú ÞõÏøöÑó Ãóäøóåõ áóãú íóÏúÎõáú¡ ÝóÇáúãõÑóÇÏõ Èöåöãú ãóäú ÊóÞóÏøóãó ãöäó ÇáúÎõáóÝóÇÁö ãöäú ÞõÑóíúÔò¡ æóÚóáöíøñ ÃóÍóÞøõ ÇáäøóÇÓö ÈöÇáúÎöáóÇÝóÉö Ýöí Òóãóäöåö ÈöáóÇ ÑóíúÈò ÚöäúÏó ÃóÍóÏò ãöäó ÇáúÚõáóãóÇÁö.
[ÝÕá ãÇ ÐßÑå ãä ÇáÝÖíáÉ ÈÇáÞÑÇÈÉ Úäå æÇáÑÏ Úáíå]
ÝóÕúáñ
ÅöÐú ÊóÈóíøóäó åóÐóÇ¡ ÝóãóÇ ÐóßóÑóåõ ãöäú ÝóÖóÇÆöáöåö¡ ÇáøóÊöí åöíó ÚöäúÏó Çááøóåö ÝóÖóÇÆöáõ¡ Ýóåöíó ÍóÞøñ. áóßöäú áöáËøóáóÇËóÉö ãóÇ åõæó Ãóßúãóáõ ãöäúåóÇ.
æóÃóãøóÇ ãóÇ ÐóßóÑóåõ ãöäó ÇáúÝóÖöíáóÉö ÈöÇáúÞóÑóÇÈóÉö¡ ÝóÚóäúåõ ÃóÌúæöÈóÉñ:
ÃóÍóÏõåóÇ: Ãóäøó åóÐóÇ áóíúÓó åõæó ÚöäúÏó Çááøóåö ÝóÖöíáóÉð¡ ÝóáóÇ ÚöÈúÑóÉó Èöåö ; ÝóÅöäøó ÇáúÚóÈøóÇÓó ÃóÞúÑóÈõ ãöäúåõ äóÓóÈðÇ¡ æóÍóãúÒóÉõ ãöäó ÇáÓøóÇÈöÞöíäó ÇáúÃóæøóáöíäó ãöäó ÇáúãõåóÇÌöÑöíäó¡ æóÞóÏú Ñõæöíó Ãóäøóåõ " «ÓóíøöÏõ ÇáÔøõåóÏóÇÁö» " (1) ¡ æóåõæó ÃóÞúÑóÈõ äóÓóÈðÇ ãöäúåõ.
æóáöáäøóÈöíøö - Õóáøóì Çááøóåõ Úóáóíúåö æóÓóáøóãó - ãöäú Èóäöí ÇáúÚóãøö ÚóÏóÏñ ßóËöíÑñ¡ ßóÌóÚúÝóÑò¡ æóÚóÞöíáò æóÚóÈúÏö Çááøóåö (2) ¡ æóÚõÈóíúÏö Çááøóåö¡ æóÇáúÝóÖúáö æóÛóíúÑöåöãú ãöäú Èóäöí ÇáúÚóÈøóÇÓö. æóßóÑóÈöíÚóÉó¡ æóÃóÈöí ÓõÝúíóÇäó Èúäö ÇáúÍóÇÑöËö Èúäö ÚóÈúÏö ÇáúãõØøóáöÈö.
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(1) ÐóßóÑó ÇáúåóíúËóãöíøõ Ýöí " ãóÌúãóÚö ÇáÒøóæóÇÆöÏö " 9/268 Úóäú Úóáöíøö Èúäö ÃóÈöí ØóÇáöÈò - ÑóÖöíó Çááøóåõ Úóäúåõ - ÞóÇáó: ÞóÇáó ÑóÓõæáõ Çááøóåö - Õóáøóì Çááøóåõ Úóáóíúåö æóÓóáøóãó - " ÓóíøöÏõ ÇáÔøõåóÏóÇÁö ÍóãúÒóÉõ Èúäõ ÚóÈúÏö ÇáúãõØøóáöÈö " ÞóÇáó ÇáúåóíúËóãöíøõ: " ÑóæóÇåõ ÇáØøóÈóÑóÇäöíøõ æóÝöíåö Úóáöíøõ Èúäõ ÇáúÍóÒóæøóÑö æóåõæó ãóÊúÑõæßñ " Ëõãøó ÞóÇáó ÇáúåóíúËóãöíøõ: " æóÚóäö ÇÈúäö ÚóÈøóÇÓò ÞóÇáó: ÞóÇáó ÑóÓõæáõ Çááøóåö - Õóáøóì Çááøóåõ Úóáóíúåö æóÓóáøóãó - " ÓóíøöÏõ ÇáÔøõåóÏóÇÁö ÍóãúÒóÉõ Èúäõ ÚóÈúÏö ÇáúãõØøóáöÈö¡ æóÑóÌõáñ ÞóÇãó Åöáóì ÅöãóÇãò ÌóÇÆöÑò æóäóåóÇåõ ÝóÞóÊóáóåõ " ÞóÇáó ÇáúåóíúËóãöíøõ: ÑóæóÇåõ ÇáØøóÈóÑóÇäöíøõ Ýöí ÇáúÃóæúÓóØö æóÝöíåö ÖóÚúÝñ ".
(2) ä¡ ã: æóßóÚóÈúÏö Çááøóåö.(8/244)
æóáóíúÓó åóÄõáóÇÁö ÃóÝúÖóáó ãöäú Ãóåúáö ÈóÏúÑò¡ æóáóÇ ãöäú Ãóåúáö ÈóíúÚóÉö ÇáÑøöÖúæóÇäö¡ æóáóÇ ãöäó ÇáÓøóÇÈöÞöíäó ÇáúÃóæøóáöíäó¡ ÅöáøóÇ ãóäú ÊóÞóÏøóãó ÈöÓóÇÈöÞóÊöåö¡ ßóÍóãúÒóÉó æóÌóÚúÝóÑò ; ÝóÅöäøó åóÐóíúäö - ÑóÖöíó Çááøóåõ ÚóäúåõãóÇ - ãöäó ÇáÓøóÇÈöÞöíäó ÇáúÃóæøóáöíäó. æóßóÐóáößó ÚõÈóíúÏóÉõ Èúäõ ÇáúÍóÇÑöËö ÇáøóÐöí ÇÓúÊõÔúåöÏó íóæúãó ÈóÏúÑò.
æóÍöíäóÆöÐò ÝóãóÇ ÐóßóÑóåõ ãöäú ÝóÖóÇÆöáö ÝóÇØöãóÉó æóÇáúÍóÓóäö æóÇáúÍõÓóíúäö áóÇ ÍõÌøóÉó Ýöíåö¡ ãóÚó Ãóäøó åóÄõáóÇÁö áóåõãú ãöäó ÇáúÝóÖóÇÆöáö ÇáÕøóÍöíÍóÉö ãóÇ áóãú íóÐúßõÑúåõ åóÐóÇ ÇáúãõÕóäøöÝõ¡ æóáóßöäú ÐóßóÑó ãóÇ åõæó ßóÐöÈñ¡ ßóÇáúÍóÏöíËö ÇáøóÐöí ÑóæóÇåõ ÃóÎúØóÈõ (1) ÎóæóÇÑóÒúãó: Ãóäøóåõ áóãøóÇ ÊóÒóæøóÌó Úóáöíøñ ÈöÝóÇØöãóÉó¡ ÒóæøóÌóåõ Çááøóåõ ÅöíøóÇåóÇ ãöäú ÝóæúÞö ÓóÈúÚö ÓóãóÇæóÇÊò¡ æóßóÇäó ÇáúÎóÇØöÈõ ÌöÈúÑöíáó¡ æóßóÇäó ÅöÓúÑóÇÝöíáõ æóãöíßóÇÆöíáõ Ýöí ÓóÈúÚöíäó ÃóáúÝðÇ ãöäó ÇáúãóáóÇÆößóÉö ÔõåõæÏðÇ.
æóåóÐóÇ ÇáúÍóÏöíËõ ßóÐöÈñ ãóæúÖõæÚñ ÈöÇÊøöÝóÇÞö Ãóåúáö ÇáúãóÚúÑöÝóÉö ÈöÇáúÍóÏöíËö.
æóßóÐóáößó ÇáúÍóÏöíËõ ÇáøóÐöí ÐóßóÑóåõ Úóäú ÍõÐóíúÝóÉó.
ÇáËøóÇäöí: Ãóäú íõÞóÇáó: Åöäú ßóÇäó ÅöíãóÇäõ ÇáúÃóÞóÇÑöÈö ÝóÖöíáóÉð¡ ÝóÃóÈõæ ÈóßúÑò ãõÊóÞóÏøöãñ Ýöí åóÐöåö ÇáúÝóÖöíáóÉö ; ÝóÅöäøó ÃóÈóÇåõ Âãóäó ÈöÇáäøóÈöíøö - Õóáøóì Çááøóåõ Úóáóíúåö æóÓóáøóãó - ÈöÇÊøöÝóÇÞö ÇáäøóÇÓö¡ æóÃóÈõæ ØóÇáöÈò áóãú íõÄúãöäú. æóßóÐóáößó Ãõãøõåõ ÂãóäóÊú ÈöÇáäøóÈöíøö - Õóáøóì Çááøóåõ Úóáóíúåö æóÓóáøóãó - æóÃóæúáóÇÏõåõ¡ æóÃóæúáóÇÏõ ÃóæúáóÇÏöåö¡ æóáóíúÓó åóÐóÇ áöÃóÍóÏò ãöäó ÇáÕøóÍóÇÈóÉö ÛóíúÑóåõ. ÝóáóíúÓó Ýöí ÃóÞóÇÑöÈö ÃóÈöí ÈóßúÑò - ÐõÑøöíøóÉö ÃóÈöí ÞõÍóÇÝóÉó - áóÇ ãöäó ÇáÑøöÌóÇáö æóáóÇ ãöäó ÇáäøöÓóÇÁö ÅöáøóÇ ãóäú ÞóÏú Âãóäó ÈöÇáäøóÈöíøö - Õóáøóì Çááøóåõ Úóáóíúåö æóÓóáøóãó.
æóÞóÏú ÊóÒóæøóÌó ÇáäøóÈöíøõ - Õóáøóì Çááøóåõ Úóáóíúåö æóÓóáøóãó - ÈöäúÊóåõ¡ æóßóÇäóÊú ÃóÍóÈøó ÃóÒúæóÇÌöåö Åöáóíúåö. æóåóÐóÇ ÃóãúÑñ áóãú íõÔúÑößúåõ Ýöíåö ÃóÍóÏñ ãöäó ÇáÕøóÍóÇÈóÉö ÅöáøóÇ ÚõãóÑõ¡ æóáóßöäú áóãú Êóßõäú ÍóÝúÕóÉõ
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(1) ã: ÎóØöíÈõ(8/245)
ÇÈúäóÊõåõ ÈöãóäúÒöáöÉö ÚóÇÆöÔóÉó¡ Èóáú ÍóÝúÕóÉõ ØóáøóÞóåóÇ Ëõãøó ÑóÇÌóÚóåóÇ¡ æóÚóÇÆöÔóÉõ ßóÇäó íóÞúÓöãõ áóåóÇ áóíúáóÊóíúäö¡ áóãøóÇ æóåóÈóÊúåóÇ ÓóæúÏóÉõ áóíúáóÊóåóÇ.
æóãõÕóÇåóÑóÉõ ÃóÈöí ÈóßúÑò áöáäøóÈöíøö - Õóáøóì Çááøóåõ Úóáóíúåö æóÓóáøóãó - ßóÇäóÊú Úóáóì æóÌúåò áóÇ íõÔóÇÑößõåõ Ýöíåö ÃóÍóÏñ¡ æóÃóãøóÇ ãõÕóÇåóÑóÉõ Úóáöíøò ÝóÞóÏú ÔóÑößóåõ ÝöíåóÇ ÚõËúãóÇäõ¡ æóÒóæøóÌóåõ ÇáäøóÈöíøõ - Õóáøóì Çááøóåõ Úóáóíúåö æóÓóáøóãó - ÈöäúÊðÇ ÈóÚúÏó ÈöäúÊò¡ æóÞóÇáó: " «áóæú ßóÇäó ÚöäúÏóäóÇ ËóÇáöËóÉñ áóÒóæøóÌúäóÇåóÇ ÚõËúãóÇäó» " ; æóáöåóÐóÇ Óõãøöíó Ðõæ ÇáäøõæÑóíúäö ; áöÃóäøóåõ ÊóÒóæøóÌó ÈöäúÊóíú äóÈöíøò. æóÞóÏú ÔóÑößóåõ Ýöí Ðóáößó ÃóÈõæ ÇáúÚóÇÕö Èúäõ ÇáÑøóÈöíÚö¡ ÒóæøóÌóåõ ÇáäøóÈöíøõ - Õóáøóì Çááøóåõ Úóáóíúåö æóÓóáøóãó - ÃóßúÈóÑó ÈóäóÇÊöåö ÒóíúäóÈó¡ æóÍóãöÏó ãõÕóÇåóÑóÊóåõ¡ æóÃóÑóÇÏó Ãóäú íóÊóÔóÈøóåó Èöåö Úóáöíøñ Ýöí Íõßúãö ÇáúãõÕóÇåóÑóÉö¡ áóãøóÇ ÃóÑóÇÏó Úóáöíøñ Ãóäú íóÊóÒóæøóÌó ÈöäúÊó ÃóÈöí Ìóåúáò¡ ÝóÐóßóÑó (1) ÕöåúÑóåõ åóÐóÇ. ÞóÇáó: " «ÍóÏøóËóäöí ÝóÕóÏóÞóäöí¡ æóæóÚóÏóäöí ÝóæóÝóì áöí» " (2) .
æóÃóÓúáóãóÊú ÒóíúäóÈõ ÞóÈúáó ÅöÓúáóÇãöåö ÈöãõÏøóÉò¡ æóÊóÃóíøóãóÊú Úóáóíúåö¡ ÍóÊøóì ÃóÚóÇÏóåóÇ Åöáóíúåö ÇáäøóÈöíøõ - Õóáøóì Çááøóåõ Úóáóíúåö æóÓóáøóãó - Þöíáó: ÃóÚóÇÏóåóÇ ÈöÇáäøößóÇÍö ÇáúÃóæøóáö. æóÞöíáó: Èóáú ÌóÏøóÏó áóåóÇ äößóÇÍðÇ. æóÇáÕøóÍöíÍõ: Ãóäøóåõ ÃóÚóÇÏóåóÇ ÈöÇáäøößóÇÍö ÇáúÃóæøóáö. åóÐóÇ ÇáøóÐöí ËóÈóÊóåõ ÃóÆöãøóÉõ ÇáúÍóÏöíËö¡ ßóÃóÍúãóÏó æóÛóíúÑöåö.
æóÞóÏú ÊóäóÇÒóÚó ÇáäøóÇÓõ Ýöí ãöËúáö åóÐöåö ÇáúãóÓúÃóáóÉö: ÅöÐóÇ ÃóÓúáóãóÊö ÇáÒøóæúÌóÉõ (3) ÞóÈúáó ÒóæúÌöåóÇ¡ Úóáóì ÃóÞúæóÇáò ãóÐúßõæÑóÉò Ýöí ÛóíúÑö åóÐóÇ ÇáúãóæúÖöÚö (4) .
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(1) Ó¡ È: ÝóÐóßóÑóåõ¡ æóåõæó ÎóØóÃñ
(2) ÓóÈóÞó åóÐóÇ ÇáúÍóÏöíËõ ÝöíãóÇ ãóÖóì 4/167.
(3) ã: ÇáúãóÑúÃóÉõ
(4) Ó¡ È: ÇáúãóæúÖöÚö¡ æóÇááøóåõ ÃóÚúáóãõ.(8/246)
[ÈÇÈ ÇáÝÕá ÇáÑÇÈÚ ãä ãäåÇÌ ÇáßÑÇãÉ Ýí ØÑÞ ÅËÈÇÊ ÅãÇãÉ ÇáÃÆãÉ ÇáÇËäì ÚÔÑ]
[ÇáÃæá ãä ØÑÞ ÅËÈÇÊ ÅãÇãÉ ÇáÃÆãÉ ÇáÇËäì ÚÔÑ ÇáäÕ]
ÈóÇÈñ
ÞóÇáó (1) ÇáÑøóÇÝöÖöíøõ (2) : " ÇáúÝóÕúáõ ÇáÑøóÇÈöÚõ Ýöí ÅöãóÇãóÉö ÈóÇÞöí ÇáúÃóÆöãøóÉö ÇáöÇËúäóíú ÚóÔóÑó (3) . áóäóÇ Ýöí Ðóáößó ØõÑõÞñ: ÃóÍóÏõåóÇ: ÇáäøóÕøõ. æóÞóÏú ÊóæóÇÑóËóÊúåõ ÇáÔøöíÚóÉõ (4) Ýöí ÇáúÈöáóÇÏö ÇáúãõÊóÈóÇÚöÏóÉö¡ ÎóáóÝðÇ Úóäú ÓóáóÝò¡ Úóäö ÇáäøóÈöíøö - Õóáøóì Çááøóåõ Úóáóíúåö æóÓóáøóãó - Ãóäøóåõ «ÞóÇáó áöáúÍõÓóíúäö (5) : " åóÐóÇ ÅöãóÇãñ (6) ÇÈúäõ ÅöãóÇãò ÃóÎõæ ÅöãóÇãò¡ ÃóÈõæ ÃóÆöãøóÉò ÊöÓúÚóÉò¡ ÊóÇÓöÚõåõãú ÞóÇÆöãõåõãú¡ ÇÓúãõåõ ßóÇÓúãöí (7) ¡ æóßõäúíóÊõåõ ßõäúíóÊöí¡ íóãúáóÃõ ÇáúÃóÑúÖó ÚóÏúáðÇ æóÞöÓúØðÇ¡ ßóãóÇ ãõáöÆóÊú ÌóæúÑðÇ æóÙõáúãðÇ» ".
æóÇáúÌóæóÇÈõ ãöäú æõÌõæåò: ÃóÍóÏõåóÇ: Ãóäú íõÞóÇáó: ÃóæøóáðÇ: åóÐóÇ ßóÐöÈñ Úóáóì ÇáÔøöíÚóÉö ; ÝóÅöäøó åóÐóÇ áóÇ íóäúÞõáõåõ ÅöáøóÇ ØóÇÆöÝóÉñ (8) ãöäú ØóæóÇÆöÝö ÇáÔøöíÚóÉö¡ æóÓóÇÆöÑõ ØóæóÇÆöÝö ÇáÔøöíÚóÉö ÊõßóÐøöÈõ åóÐóÇ. æóÇáÒøóíúÏöíøóÉõ ÈöÃóÓúÑöåóÇ ÊõßóÐøöÈõ åóÐóÇ (9) ¡ æóåõãú ÃóÚúÞóáõ ÇáÔøöíÚóÉö æóÃóÚúáóãõåõãú æóÎöíóÇÑõåõãú. æóÇáúÅöÓúãóÇÚöíáöíøóÉõ ßõáøõåõãú íõßóÐøöÈõæäó ÈöåóÐóÇ¡ æóÓóÇÆöÑõ ÝöÑóÞö ÇáÔøöíÚóÉö ÊõßóÐøöÈõ ÈöåóÐóÇ¡ ÅöáøóÇ ÇáöÇËúäóíú ÚóÔúÑöíøóÉó¡ æóåõãú ÝöÑúÞóÉñ ãöäú äóÍúæö ÓóÈúÚöíäó ÝöÑúÞóÉð ãöäú ØóæóÇÆöÝö ÇáÔøöíÚóÉö.
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(1) ã: Þóæúáõ.
(2) Ýöí åóÇãöÔö (ã) ÃóãóÇãó åóÐóÇ ÇáúãóæúÖöÚö ßõÊöÈó: " ÞöÝú: Ýöí ÇáÑøóÏøö Úóáóì ÇáÔøöíÚóÉö Ýöí ÏóÚúæóÇåõãõ ÇáöÇËúäóíú ÚóÔóÑó ÇáúÃóÆöãøóÉö " æóÇáúßóáóÇãõ ÇáÊøóÇáöí Ýöí (ß) Õ 193 (ã) .
(3) ß: ÇáöÇËúäóíú ÚóÔóÑó - Úóáóíúåöãõ ÇáÓøóáóÇãõ -.
(4) ß: æóÞóÏú ÊóæóÇÊóÑóÊú Èöåö ÇáÔøöíÚóÉõ
(5) ß: Úóäö ÇáäøóÈöíøö - Õóáøóì Çááøóåõ Úóáóíúåö æóÂáöåö - Ãóäøóåõ ÞóÇáó áöáúÍõÓóíúäö - Úóáóíúåö ÇáÓøóáóÇãõ -.
(6) ß: åóÐóÇ ÇÈúäöí ÅöãóÇãñ. . .
(7) ß: ÇÓúãõåõ ÇÓúãöí.
(8) Ó¡ È: ØóæóÇÆöÝõ.
(9) ã: ÈöåóÐóÇ.(8/247)
æóÈöÇáúÌõãúáóÉö ÝóÇáÔøöíÚóÉõ ÝöÑóÞñ ãõÊóÚóÏøöÏóÉñ ÌöÏøðÇ¡ æóÝöÑóÞõåõãõ ÇáúßöÈóÇÑõ ÃóßúËóÑõ ãöäú ÚöÔúÑöíäó ÝöÑúÞóÉð¡ ßõáøõåõãú ÊõßóÐøöÈõ åóÐóÇ (1) ÅöáøóÇ ÝöÑúÞóÉð æóÇÍöÏóÉð¡ ÝóÃóíúäó ÊóæóÇÊõÑõ ÇáÔøöíÚóÉö¿ !
ÇáËøóÇäöí: Ãóäú íõÞóÇáó: åóÐóÇ ãõÚóÇÑóÖñ ÈöãóÇ äóÞóáóåõ ÛóíúÑõ ÇáöÇËúäóíú ÚóÔúÑöíøóÉó ãöäó ÇáÔøöíÚóÉö ãöäú äóÕøò ÂÎóÑó íõäóÇÞöÖõ åóÐóÇ¡ ßóÇáúÞóÇÆöáöíäó ÈöÅöãóÇãóÉö ÛóíúÑö ÇáöÇËúäóíú ÚóÔóÑó¡ æóÈöãóÇ äóÞóáóåõ ÇáÑøóÇæóäúÏöíøóÉõ ÃóíúÖðÇ ; ÝóÅöäøó ßõáøðÇ ãöäú åóÄõáóÇÁö íóÏøóÚöí ãöäó ÇáäøóÕøö [ÛóíúÑó] (2) ãóÇ ÊóÏøóÚöíåö ÇáöÇËúäóÇ ÚóÔúÑöíøóÉó.
ÇáËøóÇáöËõ: Ãóäú íõÞóÇáó: ÚõáóãóÇÁõ ÇáÔøöíÚóÉö ÇáúãõÊóÞóÏøöãõæäó áóíúÓó Ýöíåöãú ãóäú äóÞóáó åóÐóÇ ÇáäøóÕøó¡ æóáóÇ ÐóßóÑóåõ Ýöí ßöÊóÇÈò¡ æóáóÇ ÇÍúÊóÌøó Èöåö Ýöí ÎöØóÇÈò. æóÃóÎúÈóÇÑõåõãú ãóÔúåõæÑóÉñ ãõÊóæóÇÊöÑóÉñ ; ÝóÚõáöãó Ãóäøó åóÐóÇ ãöäö ÇÎúÊöáóÇÞö ÇáúãõÊóÃóÎøöÑöíäó¡ æóÅöäøóãóÇ ÇÎúÊõáöÞó (3) åóÐóÇ áóãøóÇ ãóÇÊó ÇáúÍóÓóäõ Èúäõ Úóáöíøò ÇáúÚóÓúßóÑöíøõ¡ æóÞöíáó: Åöäøó ÇÈúäóåõ ãõÍóãøóÏðÇ ÛóÇÆöÈñ¡ ÝóÍöíäóÆöÐò ÙóåóÑó åóÐóÇ ÇáäøóÕøõ¡ ÈóÚúÏó ãóæúÊö ÇáäøóÈöíøö - Õóáøóì Çááøóåõ Úóáóíúåö æóÓóáøóãó - ÈöÃóßúËóÑó ãöäú ãöÇÆóÊóíúäö æóÎóãúÓöíäó ÓóäóÉð.
ÇáÑøóÇÈöÚõ: Ãóäú íõÞóÇáó: Ãóåúáõ ÇáÓøõäøóÉö æóÚõáóãóÇÄõåõãú ÃóÖúÚóÇÝõ ÃóÖúÚóÇÝö ÇáÔøöíÚóÉö¡ ßõáøõåõãú íóÚúáóãõæäó Ãóäøó åóÐóÇ ßóÐöÈñ Úóáóì ÑóÓõæáö Çááøóåö - Õóáøóì Çááøóåõ Úóáóíúåö æóÓóáøóãó - ÚöáúãðÇ íóÞöíäðÇ áóÇ íõÎóÇáöØõåõ ÇáÑøóíúÈõ¡ æóíõÈóÇåöáõæäó ÇáÔøöíÚóÉó Úóáóì Ðóáößó¡ ßóÚóæóÇãøö ÇáÔøöíÚóÉö ãóÚó Úóáöíøò. ÝóÅöäö ÇÏøóÚóì ÚõáóãóÇÁõ ÇáÔøöíÚóÉö Ãóäøóåõãú íóÚúáóãõæäó ÊóæóÇÊõÑó åóÐóÇ¡ áóãú íóßõäú åóÐóÇ ÃóÞúÑóÈó ãöäú ÏóÚúæóì ÚõáóãóÇÁö ÇáÓøõäøóÉö ÈößóÐöÈö åóÐóÇ.
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(1) ã: ÈöåóÐóÇ
(2) ÛóíúÑó: ÓóÇÞöØóÉñ ãöäú (ä) ¡ (ã) (Ó) .
(3) ã: ÇÎúÊóáóÝõæÇ.(8/248)
ÇáúÎóÇãöÓõ: Ãóäú íõÞóÇáó: Åöäøó ãöäú ÔõÑõæØö ÇáÊøóæóÇÊõÑö ÍõÕõæáó ãóäú íóÞóÚõ Èöåö ÇáúÚöáúãõ ãöäó ÇáØøóÑóÝóíúäö æóÇáúæóÓóØö. æóÞóÈúáó ãóæúÊö ÇáúÍóÓóäö Èúäö Úóáöíøò ÇáúÚóÓúßóÑöíøö áóãú íóßõäú ÃóÍóÏñ íóÞõæáõ ÈöÅöãóÇãóÉö åóÐóÇ ÇáúãõäúÊóÙóÑö¡ æóáóÇ ÚõÑöÝó ãöäú Òóãóäö Úóáöíøò æóÏóæúáóÉö Èóäöí ÃõãóíøóÉó ÃóÍóÏñ ÇÏøóÚóì ÅöãóÇãóÉó (1) ÇáöÇËúäóíú ÚóÔóÑó¡ æóåóÐóÇ ÇáúÞóÇÆöãõ. æóÅöäøóãóÇ ßóÇäó ÇáúãõÏøóÚõæäó íóÏøóÚõæäó ÇáäøóÕøó Úóáóì Úóáöíøò¡ Ãóæú Úóáóì äóÇÓò ÈóÚúÏóåõ æóÃóãøóÇ ÏóÚúæóì ÇáäøóÕøö Úóáóì ÇáöÇËúäóíú ÚóÔóÑó æóåóÐóÇ ÇáúÞóÇÆöãõ ÝóáóÇ íõÚúÑóÝõ ÃóÍóÏñ ÞóÇáóåõ ãõÊóÞóÏøöãðÇ¡ ÝóÖúáðÇ Úóäú Ãóäú íóßõæäó äóÞúáõåõ ãõÊóÞóÏøöãðÇ.
ÇáÓøóÇÏöÓõ: Ãóäøó ÇáÕøóÍóÇÈóÉó áóãú íóßõäú Ýöíåöãú ÃóÍóÏñ ÑóÇÝöÖöíøñ ÃóÕúáðÇ¡ æóÅöäö ÇÏøóÚóì ãõÏøóÚò Úóáóì ÚóÏóÏò Þóáöíáò ãöäúåõãú Ãóäøóåõãú ßóÇäõæÇ ÑóÇÝöÖóÉð ÝóÞóÏú ßóÐóÈó Úóáóíúåöãú. æóãóÚó åóÐóÇ ÝóÃõæáóÆößó áóÇ íóËúÈõÊõ Èöåöãõ ÇáÊøóæóÇÊõÑõ ; áöÃóäøó ÇáúÚóÏóÏó ÇáúÞóáöíáó ÇáúãõÊøóÝöÞöíäó Úóáóì ãóÐúåóÈò íõãúßöäõ Úóáóíúåöãõ ÇáÊøóæóÇØõÄõ Úóáóì ÇáúßóÐöÈö. æóÇáÑøóÇÝöÖóÉõ ÊõÌóæøöÒõ ÇáúßóÐöÈó Úóáóì ÌõãúåõæÑö ÇáÕøóÍóÇÈóÉö (2) ¡ ÝóßóíúÝó áóÇ íóÌõæÒõ Úóáóì ãóäú äóÞóáó åóÐóÇ ÇáäøóÕøó - ãóÚó ÞöáøóÊöåöãú - Åöäú ßóÇäó äóÞóáóåõ ÃóÍóÏñ ãöäúåõãú¿ æóÅöÐóÇ áóãú íóßõäú Ýöí ÇáÕøóÍóÇÈóÉö ãóäú ÊóæóÇÊóÑó Èöåö åóÐóÇ ÇáäøóÞúáõ ÇäúÞóØóÚó ÇáÊøóæóÇÊõÑõ ãöäú Ãóæøóáöåö.
ÇáÓøóÇÈöÚõ: Ãóäøó ÇáÑøóÇÝöÖóÉó íóÞõæáõæäó: Åöäøó ÇáÕøóÍóÇÈóÉó ÇÑúÊóÏøõæÇ Úóäö ÇáúÅöÓúáóÇãö ÈöÌóÍúÏö ÇáäøóÕøö ÅöáøóÇ ÚóÏóÏðÇ ÞóáöíáðÇ (3) äóÍúæó ÇáúÚóÔóÑóÉö¡ Ãóæú ÃóÞóáøó Ãóæú ÃóßúËóÑó¡ ãöËúáó ÚóãøóÇÑò¡ æóÓóáúãóÇäó¡ æóÃóÈöí ÐóÑøò¡ æóÇáúãöÞúÏóÇÏö. æóãóÚúáõæãñ Ãóäøó ÃõæáóÆößó ÇáúÌõãúåõæÑó áóãú íóäúÞõáõæÇ åóÐóÇ ÇáäøóÕøó¡ ÝóÅöäøóåõãú ÞóÏú ßóÊóãõæåõ - ÚöäúÏóåõãú - ÝóáóÇ íõãúßöäõåõãú Ãóäú íõÖöíÝõæÇ äóÞúáóåõ Åöáóì åóÐöåö
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(1) ä¡ ã¡ Ó: ÃóÆöãøóÉó æóÇáÕøóæóÇÈõ åõæó ÇáúãõËúÈóÊõ ãöäú (È) .
(2) ã: Úóáóì ÇáúÌõãúåõæÑö æóÇáÕøóÍóÇÈóÉö.
(3) ä¡ Ó¡ È: Úóáóì ÚóÏóÏò Þóáöíáò. æóÝöí (ã) ÅöáøóÇ ÚóÏóÏñ Þóáöíáñ¡ æóåõæó ÎóØóÃñ.(8/249)
ÇáØøóÇÆöÝóÉö. æóåóÄõáóÇÁö ßóÇäõæÇ - ÚöäúÏóåõãú - ãõÌúÊóãöÚöíäó Úóáóì ãõæóÇáóÇÉö Úóáöíøò¡ ãõÊóæóÇØöÆöíäó Úóáóì Ðóáößó.
æóÍöíäóÆöÐò ÝóÇáØøóÇÆöÝóÉõ ÇáúÞóáöíáóÉõ ÇáøóÊöí íõãúßöäõ ÊóæóÇØõÄõåóÇ Úóáóì ÇáäøóÞúáö áóÇ íóÍúÕõáõ ÈöäóÞúáöåóÇ (1) ÊóæóÇÊõÑñ ; áöÌóæóÇÒö ÇÌúÊöãóÇÚöåöãú Úóáóì ÇáúßóÐöÈö. ÝóÅöÐóÇ ßóÇäóÊö ÇáÑøóÇÝöÖóÉõ ÊõÌóæøöÒõ Úóáóì ÌóãóÇåöíÑö ÇáÕøóÍóÇÈóÉö - ãóÚó ßóËúÑóÊöåöãú - ÇáöÇÑúÊöÏóÇÏó Úóäö ÇáúÅöÓúáóÇãö¡ æóßöÊúãóÇäó ãóÇ íóÊóÚóÐøóÑõ Ýöí ÇáúÚóÇÏóÉö ÇáÊøóæóÇØõÄõ Úóáóì ßöÊúãóÇäöåö¡ ÝóáóÃóäú íóÌõæÒó Úóáóì Þóáöíáò ãöäúåõãú ÊóÚóãøõÏõ ÇáúßóÐöÈö (2) ÈöØóÑöíÞö ÇáúÃóæúáóì æóÇáúÃóÍúÑóì.
æóåõãú íõÕóÑøöÍõæäó ÈößóÐöÈö ÇáÕøóÍóÇÈóÉö ÅöÐóÇ äóÞóáõæÇ ãóÇ íõÎóÇáöÝõ åóæóÇåõãú (3) ¡ ÝóßóíúÝó íõãúßöäõåõãú ãóÚó Ðóáößó ÊóÕúÏöíÞõåõãú Ýöí ãöËúáö åóÐóÇ¡ ÅöÐóÇ ßóÇäó ÇáäøóÇÞöáõæäó [áóåõ] (4) ãöãøóäú áóåõ åóæðì¿
æóãóÚúáõæãñ Ãóäøó ÔöíÚóÉó Úóáöíøò áóåõãú åóæðì Ýöí äóÕúÑöåö¡ ÝóßóíúÝó íõÕóÏøóÞõæäó Ýöí äóÞúáö ÇáäøóÕøö Úóáóíúåö¡ åóÐóÇ ãóÚó Ãóäøó ÇáúÚõÞóáóÇÁó æóÃóåúáó ÇáúÚöáúãö ÈöÇáäøóÞúáö íóÚúáóãõæäó Ãóäøóåõ áóíúÓó Ýöí ÝöÑóÞö ÇáúãõÓúáöãöíäó ÃóßúËóÑõ ÊóÚóãøõÏðÇ áöáúßóÐöÈö æóÊóßúÐöíÈðÇ áöáúÍóÞøö ãöäó ÇáÔøöíÚóÉö¡ ÈöÎöáóÇÝö ÛóíúÑöåöãú ; ÝóÅöäøó ÇáúÎóæóÇÑöÌó (5) - æóÅöäú ßóÇäõæÇ ãóÇÑöÞöíäó - Ýóåõãú íõÕóÏøöÞõæäó¡ áóÇ íóÊóÚóãøóÏõæäó ÇáúßóÐöÈó¡ æóßóÐóáößó ÇáúãõÚúÊóÒöáóÉõ íóÊóÏóíøóäõæäó ÈöÇáÕøöÏúÞö¡ æóÃóãøóÇ ÇáÔøöíÚóÉõ ÝóÇáúßóÐöÈõ Úóáóíúåöãú ÛóÇáöÈñ ãöäú Íöíäö ÙóåóÑõæÇ.
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(1) Ó¡ È: áóÇ íóÍúÕõáõ ÈöåóÇ
(2) ä: ÊóÚóãøõÏðÇ áöáúßóÐöÈö
(3) ÚöÈóÇÑóÉõ ÅöÐóÇ äóÞóáõæÇ ãóÇ íõÎóÇáöÝõ åóæóÇåõãú " ÓóÇÞöØóÉñ ãöäú (Ó) ¡ (È) .
(4) áóåõ ÓóÇÞöØóÉñ ãöäú (ä) ¡ (ã) .
(5) Ó¡ È: ÈöÎöáóÇÝö ÛóíúÑöåöãú ãöäó ÇáúÎóæóÇÑöÌö. . .(8/250)
ÇáúæóÌúåõ ÇáËøóÇãöäõ: Ãóäú íõÞóÇáó: ÞóÏú Úóáöãó Ãóåúáõ ÇáúÚöáúãö Ãóäøó Ãóæøóáó ãóÇ ÙóåóÑóÊö ÇáÔøöíÚóÉõ ÇáúÅöãóÇãöíøóÉõ ÇáúãõÏøóÚöíóÉõ áöáäøóÕøö Ýöí ÃóæóÇÎöÑö ÃóíøóÇãö ÇáúÎõáóÝóÇÁö ÇáÑøóÇÔöÏöíäó. æóÇÝúÊóÑóì Ðóáößó ÚóÈúÏõ Çááøóåö Èúäõ ÓóÈóÃò æóØóÇÆöÝóÊõåõ ÇáúßóÐøóÇÈõæäó¡ Ýóáóãú íóßõæäõæÇ ãóæúÌõæÏöíäó ÞóÈúáó Ðóáößó. ÝóÃóíøõ ÊóæóÇÊõÑò áóåõãú¿ !
ÇáÊøóÇÓöÚõ: Ãóäøó ÇáúÃóÍóÇÏöíËó ÇáøóÊöí äóÞóáóåóÇ ÇáÕøóÍóÇÈóÉõ Ýöí ÝóÖóÇÆöáö ÃóÈöí ÈóßúÑò æóÚõãóÑó æóÚõËúãóÇäó ÃóÚúÙóãõ ÊóæóÇÊõÑðÇ ÚöäúÏó ÇáúÚóÇãøóÉö æóÇáúÎóÇÕøóÉö ãöäú äóÞúáö åóÐóÇ ÇáäøóÕøö. ÝóÅöäú ÌóÇÒó Ãóäú íõÞúÏóÍó Ýöí äóÞúáö ÌóãóÇåöíÑö ÇáÕøóÍóÇÈóÉö áöÊöáúßó ÇáúÝóÖóÇÆöáö ; ÝóÇáúÞóÏúÍõ Ýöí åóÐóÇ Ãóæúáóì. æóÅöäú ßóÇäó ÇáúÞóÏúÍõ Ýöí åóÐóÇ ãõÊóÚóÐøöÑðÇ ; ÝóÝöí Êöáúßó Ãóæúáóì. æóÅöÐóÇ ËóÈóÊóÊú ÝóÖóÇÆöáõ ÇáÕøóÍóÇÈóÉö ÇáøóÊöí ÏóáøóÊú ÚóáóíúåóÇ Êöáúßó ÇáäøõÕõæÕõ ÇáúßóËöíÑóÉõ ÇáúãõÊóæóÇÊöÑóÉõ¡ ÇãúÊóäóÚó ÇÊøöÝóÇÞõåõãú Úóáóì ãõÎóÇáóÝóÉö åóÐóÇ ÇáäøóÕøö¡ ÝóÅöäøó ãõÎóÇáóÝóÊóåõ - áóæú ßóÇäó ÍóÞøðÇ - ãöäú ÃóÚúÙóãö ÇáúÅöËúãö æóÇáúÚõÏúæóÇäö.
ÇáúÚóÇÔöÑõ: Ãóäøóåõ áóíúÓó ÃóÍóÏñ ãöäó ÇáúÅöãóÇãöíøóÉö íóäúÞõáõ åóÐóÇ ÇáäøóÕøó ÈöÅöÓúäóÇÏò ãõÊøóÕöáò¡ ÝóÖúáðÇ Úóäú Ãóäú íóßõæäó ãõÊóæóÇÊöÑðÇ. æóåóÐöåö ÇáúÃóáúÝóÇÙõ (* ÊóÍúÊóÇÌõ Åöáóì ÊóßúÑöíÑò¡ ÝóÅöäú áóãú íóÏúÑõÓú äóÇÞöáõæåóÇ ÚóáóíúåóÇ áóãú íóÍúÝóÙõæåóÇ¡ æóÃóíúäó ÇáúÚóÏóÏõ ÇáúßóÈöíÑõ (1) ÇáøóÐöíäó ÍóÝöÙõæÇ åóÐöåö ÇáúÃóáúÝóÇÙó *) (2) ßóÍöÝúÙö ÃóáúÝóÇÙö ÇáúÞõÑúÂäö¡ æóÍöÝúÙö ÇáÊøóÔóåøõÏö æóÇáúÃóÐóÇäö¡ ÌöíáðÇ ÈóÚúÏó Ìöíáò Åöáóì ÇáÑøóÓõæáö¿
æóäóÍúäõ ÅöÐóÇ ÇÏøóÚóíúäóÇ ÇáÊøóæóÇÊõÑó Ýöí ÝóÖóÇÆöáö ÇáÕøóÍóÇÈóÉö: äóÏøóÚöí ÊóÇÑóÉð ÇáÊøóæóÇÊõÑó ãöäú ÌöåóÉö ÇáúãóÚúäóì¡ ßóÊóæóÇÊõÑö ÎöáóÇÝóÉö ÇáúÎõáóÝóÇÁö ÇáúÃóÑúÈóÚóÉö¡ æóæóÞúÚóÉö ÇáúÌóãóáö æóÕöÝøöíäó¡
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(1) Ó¡ È: ÇáúßóËöíÑõ.
(2) ãóÇ Èóíúäó ÇáäøóÌúãóÊóíúäö ÓóÇÞöØñ ãöäú (ã)(8/251)
æóÊóÒóæøõÌö ÇáäøóÈöíøö - Õóáøóì Çááøóåõ Úóáóíúåö æóÓóáøóãó - ÈöÚóÇÆöÔóÉó æóÚóáöíøò ÈöÝóÇØöãóÉó¡ æóäóÍúæö Ðóáößó ãöãøóÇ áóÇ íõÍúÊóÇÌõ Ýöíåö Åöáóì äóÞúáö áóÝúÙò ãõÚóíøóäò íóÍúÊóÇÌõ Åöáóì ÏóÑúÓò¡ æóßóÊóæóÇÊõÑö ãóÇ áöáÕøóÍóÇÈóÉö ãöäó ÇáÓøóÇÈöÞóÉö æóÇáúÃóÚúãóÇáö æóÛóíúÑö Ðóáößó. æóÊóÇÑóÉð ÇáÊøóæóÇÊõÑõ Ýöí äóÞúáö ÃóáúÝóÇÙò ÍóÝöÙóåóÇ ãóäú íóÍúÕõáõ ÇáúÚöáúãõ ÈöäóÞúáöåö.
ÇáúæóÌúåõ ÇáúÍóÇÏöí ÚóÔóÑó: Ãóäøó ÇáúãóäúÞõæáó ÈöÇáäøóÞúáö ÇáúãõÊóæóÇÊöÑö Úóäú Ãóåúáö ÇáúÈóíúÊö (1) íõßóÐøöÈõ ãöËúáó åóÐóÇ ÇáäøóÞúáö¡ æóÃóäøóåõãú áóãú íóßõæäõæÇ íóÏøóÚõæäó Ãóäøóåõãú (2) ãóäúÕõæÕñ Úóáóíúåöãú¡ Èóáú íõßóÐøöÈõæäó ãóäú íóÞõæáõ Ðóáößó¡ ÝóÖúáðÇ Úóäú Ãóäú íõËúÈöÊõæÇ ÇáäøóÕøó Úóáóì ÇËúäóíú ÚóÔóÑó.
ÇáúæóÌúåõ ÇáËøóÇäöí ÚóÔóÑó: Ãóäøó ÇáøóÐöí ËóÈóÊó Úóäö ÇáäøóÈöíøö - Õóáøóì Çááøóåõ Úóáóíúåö æóÓóáøóãó - Ýöí ÚóÏóÏö ÇáöÇËúäóíú ÚóÔóÑó ãöãøóÇ ÃóÎúÑóÌóÇåõ Ýöí ÇáÕøóÍöíÍóíúäö Úóäú ÌóÇÈöÑö Èúäö ÓóãõÑóÉó¡ ÞóÇáó: «ÏóÎóáúÊõ ãóÚó ÃóÈöí Úóáóì ÇáäøóÈöíøö - Õóáøóì Çááøóåõ Úóáóíúåö æóÓóáøóãó - ÝóÓóãöÚúÊõåõ íóÞõæáõ: " áóÇ íóÒóÇáõ ÃóãúÑõ ÇáäøóÇÓö ãóÇÖöíðÇ æóáóåõãõ ÇËúäóÇ ÚóÔóÑó ÑóÌõáðÇ "¡ Ëõãøó Êóßóáøóãó ÇáäøóÈöíøõ - Õóáøóì Çááøóåõ Úóáóíúåö æóÓóáøóãó - ÈößóáöãóÉò ÎóÝöíóÊú Úóäøöí¡ ÝóÓóÃóáúÊõ ÃóÈöí: ãóÇÐóÇ ÞóÇáó ÇáäøóÈöíøõ - Õóáøóì Çááøóåõ Úóáóíúåö æóÓóáøóãó¿ ÞóÇáó: ÞóÇáó: " ßõáøõåõãú ãöäú ÞõÑóíúÔò» "¡ æóÝöí áóÝúÙò: " «áóÇ íóÒóÇáõ ÇáúÅöÓúáóÇãõ (3) ÚóÒöíÒðÇ Åöáóì ÇËúäóíú ÚóÔóÑó ÎóáöíÝóÉð "¡ Ëõãøó ÞóÇáó ßóáöãóÉð áóãú ÃóÝúåóãúåóÇ¡ ÞõáúÊõ áöÃóÈöí: ãóÇ ÞóÇáó¿ ÞóÇáó: " ßõáøõåõãú ãöäú ÞõÑóíúÔò» ". æóÝöí áóÝúÙò: " «áóÇ íóÒóÇáõ åóÐóÇ ÇáúÃóãúÑõ ÚóÒöíÒðÇ Åöáóì ÇËúäóíú ÚóÔóÑó ÎóáöíÝóÉð» " (4) .
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(1) ã: Ãóåúáö ÇáÓøõäøóÉö.
(2) ä¡ Ó¡ È: Ãóäøóåõ.
(3) Ó¡ È: áóÇ íóÒóÇáõ åóÐóÇ ÇáúÃóãúÑõ.
(4) ÓóÈóÞó åóÐóÇ ÇáúÍóÏöíËõ ÈöÑöæóÇíóÇÊöåö ÝöíãóÇ ãóÖóì 3/533 Ê 4.(8/252)
æóÇáøóÐöí Ýöí ÇáÊøóæúÑóÇÉö íõÕóÏøöÞõ åóÐóÇ. æóåóÐóÇ ÇáäøóÕøõ áóÇ íóÌõæÒõ Ãóäú íõÑóÇÏó Èöåö åóÄõáóÇÁö ÇáöÇËúäóÇ ÚóÔóÑó ; áöÃóäøóåõ ÞóÇáó: " «áóÇ íóÒóÇáõ ÇáúÅöÓúáóÇãõ ÚóÒöíÒðÇ» "¡ æó " «áóÇ íóÒóÇáõ åóÐóÇ ÇáúÃóãúÑõ ÚóÒöíÒðÇ» " æó " «áóÇ íóÒóÇáõ ÃóãúÑõ ÇáäøóÇÓö ãóÇÖöíðÇ» " æóåóÐóÇ íóÏõáøõ Úóáóì Ãóäøóåõ íóßõæäõ ÃóãúÑõ ÇáúÅöÓúáóÇãö ÞóÇÆöãðÇ Ýöí ÒóãóÇäö æöáóÇíóÊöåöãú¡ æóáóÇ íóßõæäõ ÞóÇÆöãðÇ ÅöÐóÇ ÇäúÞóØóÚóÊú æöáóÇíóÊõåõãú. æóÚöäúÏó [åóÄõáóÇÁö] (1) ÇáöÇËúäóíú ÚóÔúÑöíøóÉó áóãú íóÞõãú ÃóãúÑõ ÇáúÃõãøóÉö Ýöí ãõÏøóÉö ÃóÍóÏò ãöäú åóÄõáóÇÁö ÇáöÇËúäóíú ÚóÔóÑó¡ Èóáú ãóÇÒóÇáó ÃóãúÑõ ÇáúÃõãøóÉö ÝóÇÓöÏðÇ ãõäúÊóÞöÖðÇ (2) íóÊóæóáøóì Úóáóíúåöãõ ÇáÙøóÇáöãõæäó ÇáúãõÚúÊóÏõæäó¡ Èóáö ÇáúãõäóÇÝöÞõæäó ÇáúßóÇÝöÑõæäó¡ æóÃóåúáõ ÇáúÍóÞøö ÃóÐóáøõ ãöäó ÇáúíóåõæÏö.
æóÃóíúÖðÇ ÝóÅöäøó ÚöäúÏóåõãú æöáóÇíóÉó ÇáúãõäúÊóÙóÑö ÏóÇÆöãóÉñ Åöáóì ÂÎöÑö ÇáÏøóåúÑö¡ æóÍöíäóÆöÐò ÝóáóÇ íóÈúÞóì ÒóãóÇäñ íóÎúáõæ ÚöäúÏóåõãú ãöäó ÇáöÇËúäóíú ÚóÔóÑó. æóÅöÐóÇ ßóÇäó ßóÐóáößó áóãú íóÈúÞó ÇáÒøóãóÇäõ äóæúÚóíúäö: äóæúÚñ íóÞõæãõ Ýöíåö ÃóãúÑõ ÇáúÃõãøóÉö (3) ¡ æóäóæúÚñ áóÇ íóÞõæãõ¡ Èóáú åõæó ÞóÇÆöãñ Ýöí ÇáúÃóÒúãóÇäö ßõáøöåóÇ¡ æóåõæó ÎöáóÇÝõ ÇáúÍóÏöíËö ÇáÕøóÍöíÍö.
æóÃóíúÖðÇ ÝóÇáúÃóãúÑõ ÇáøóÐöí áóÇ íóÞõæãõ ÈóÚúÏó Ðóáößó ÅöáøóÇ ÅöÐóÇ ÞóÇãó ÇáúãóåúÏöíøõ: ÅöãøóÇ ÇáúãóåúÏöíøõ ÇáøóÐöí íõÞöÑøõ Èöåö Ãóåúáõ ÇáÓøõäøóÉö¡ æóÅöãøóÇ ãóåúÏöíøõ ÇáÑøóÇÝöÖóÉö¡ æóãõÏøóÊõåõ ÞóáöíáóÉñ áóÇ íóäúÊóÙöãõ ÝöíåóÇ ÃóãúÑõ ÇáúÃõãøóÉö (4) .
æóÃóíúÖðÇ ÝóÅöäøóåõ ÞóÇáó Ýöí ÇáúÍóÏöíËö: " «ßõáøõåõãú ãöäú ÞõÑóíúÔò» " æóáóæú ßóÇäõæÇ ãõÎúÊóÕøöíäó ÈöÚóáöíøò æóÃóæúáóÇÏöåö áóÐóßóÑó ãóÇ íõãóíøóÒõæäó Èöåö. ÃóáóÇ ÊóÑóì Ãóäøóåõ áóãú íóÞõáú: ßõáøõåõãú ãöäú æóáóÏö
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(1) åóÄõáóÇÁö: ÒöíóÇÏóÉñ Ýöí (ã) .
(2) ä: ãõäúÊóÞöÕðÇ
(3) ä¡ ã¡ Ó: íóÞõæãõ Ýöíåö ãöäó ÇáúÃõãøóÉö. æóåõæó ÊóÍúÑöíÝñ¡ æóíõÈóíøöäõ ÕóæóÇÈó ãóÇ ÃóËúÈóÊøõåõ ãöäú (È) ÇáúÚöÈóÇÑóÇÊö ÇáÊøóÇáöíóÉö ÈóÚúÏó Þóáöíáò.
(4) ä¡ ã¡ Ó: áóÇ íóäúÊóÙöãõ ÒóãóÇäõ ÇáúÃõãøóÉö.(8/253)
ÅöÓúãóÇÚöíáó¡ æóáóÇ ãöäó ÇáúÚóÑóÈö¡ æóÅöäú ßóÇäõæÇ ßóÐóáößó ; áöÃóäøóåõ ÞóÕóÏó ÇáúÞóÈöíáóÉó ÇáøóÊöí íóãúÊóÇÒõæäó ÈöåóÇ¡ Ýóáóæö ÇãúÊóÇÒõæÇ Èößóæúäöåöãú ãöäú Èóäöí åóÇÔöãò¡ Ãóæú ãöäú ÞóÈöíáö Úóáöíøò ãóÚó Úóáöíøò áóÐõßöÑõæÇ ÈöÐóáößó¡ ÝóáóãøóÇ ÌóÚóáóåõãú ãöäú ÞõÑóíúÔò ãõØúáóÞðÇ Úõáöãó Ãóäøóåõãú ãöäú ÞõÑóíúÔò¡ Èóáú áóÇ íóÎúÊóÕøõæäó ÈöÞóÈöíáóÉò¡ Èóáú Èóäõæ Êóíúãò (1) ¡ æóÈóäõæ ÚóÏöíøò¡ æóÈóäõæ ÚóÈúÏö ÔóãúÓò¡ æóÈóäõæ åóÇÔöãò¡ ÝóÅöäøó ÇáúÎõáóÝóÇÁó ÇáÑøóÇÔöÏöíäó ßóÇäõæÇ ãöäú åóÐöåö ÇáúÞóÈóÇÆöáö.
[ÝÕá ÍÏíË ÇáãåÏí ßãÇ íÑæíå ÇáÑÇÝÖí æÇáÑÏ Úáíå]
ÝóÕúáñ
æóÃóãøóÇ ÇáúÍóÏöíËõ ÇáøóÐöí ÑóæóÇåõ (2) : Úóäö ÇÈúäö ÚõãóÑó Úóäö ÇáäøóÈöíøö - Õóáøóì Çááøóåõ Úóáóíúåö æóÓóáøóãó (3) : " «íóÎúÑõÌõ Ýöí ÂÎöÑö ÇáÒøóãóÇäö ÑóÌõáñ ãöäú æóáóÏöí¡ ÇÓúãõåõ ßóÇÓúãöí (4) ¡ æóßõäúíóÊõåõ ßõäúíóÊöí¡ íóãúáóÃõ ÇáúÃóÑúÖó ÚóÏúáðÇ (5) ßóãóÇ ãõáöÆóÊú ÌóæúÑðÇ¡ æóÐóáößó (6) åõæó ÇáúãóåúÏöíøõ» " (7) .
ÝóÇáúÌóæóÇÈõ: Ãóäøó ÇáúÃóÍóÇÏöíËó ÇáøóÊöí íõÍúÊóÌøõ ÈöåóÇ Úóáóì ÎõÑõæÌö ÇáúãóåúÏöíøö ÃóÍóÇÏöíËõ ÕóÍöíÍóÉñ¡ ÑóæóÇåóÇ ÃóÈõæ ÏóÇæõÏó¡ æóÇáÊøöÑúãöÐöíøõ¡ æóÃóÍúãóÏõ¡ æóÛóíúÑõåõãú¡ ãöäú ÍóÏöíËö ÇÈúäö ãóÓúÚõæÏò æóÛóíúÑöåö.
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(1) ã: Èóäõæ Êóãöíãò æóåõæó ÊóÍúÑöíÝñ
(2) Ãóíö ÇÈúäõ ÇáúãõØóåøóÑö Ýöí (ß) Õ 193 æóÇáúßóáóÇãõ ÇáÊøóÇáöí Ýöíåö ÈóÚúÖõ ÇÎúÊöáóÇÝò Úóäú (ß) ßóãóÇ ÓóäóÐúßõÑõ Åöäú ÔóÇÁó Çááøóåõ.
(3) ß: æóÞóÏú Ñóæóì ÇÈúäõ ÚõãóÑó ÞóÇáó: ÞóÇáó ÑóÓõæáõ Çááøóåö - Õóáøóì Çááøóåõ Úóáóíúåö æóÂáöåö -. .
(4) ß: ÇÓúãõåõ ÇÓúãöí
(5) ß: ÞöÓúØðÇ æóÚóÏúáðÇ
(6) ä¡ ã¡ Ó: æóßóÐóáößó¡ æóåõæó ÊóÍúÑöíÝñ¡ ß: ÝóÐóáößó
(7) ß: ÇáúãóåúÏöíøõ - Úóáóíúåö ÇáÕøóáóÇÉõ æóÇáÓøóáóÇãõ -. æóÑóæóÇåõ ÇÈúäõ ÇáúÌóæúÒöíøö ÇáúÍóäúÈóáöíøõ Úóäú ÃóÈöí ÏóÇæõÏó æóÕóÍöíÍö ÇáÊøöÑúãöÐöíøö.(8/254)
ßóÞóæúáöåö - Õóáøóì Çááøóåõ Úóáóíúåö æóÓóáøóãó - Ýöí ÇáúÍóÏöíËö ÇáøóÐöí ÑóæóÇåõ ÇÈúäõ ãóÓúÚõæÏò: " [áóæú] (1) «áóãú íóÈúÞó ãöäó ÇáÏøõäúíóÇ ÅöáøóÇ íóæúãñ áóØóæøóáó Çááøóåõ Ðóáößó Çáúíóæúãó¡ ÍóÊøóì íóÎúÑõÌó Ýöíåö ÑóÌõáñ ãöäøöí¡ Ãóæú ãöäú Ãóåúáö ÈóíúÊöí¡ íõæóÇØöÆõ ÇÓúãõåõ ÇÓúãöí¡ æóÇÓúãõ ÃóÈöíåö ÇÓúãó ÃóÈöí¡ íóãúáóÃõ ÇáúÃóÑúÖó ÞöÓúØðÇ æóÚóÏúáðÇ¡ ßóãóÇ ãõáöÆóÊú ÌóæúÑðÇ æóÙõáúãðÇ» ". æóÑóæóÇåõ ÇáÊøöÑúãöÐöíøõ¡ æóÃóÈõæ ÏóÇæõÏó ãöäú ÑöæóÇíóÉö Ãõãøö ÓóáóãóÉó (2) .
æóÃóíúÖðÇ Ýöíåö: " «ÇáúãóåúÏöíøõ ãöäú ÚöÊúÑóÊöí ãöäú æóáóÏö ÝóÇØöãóÉó» " (3) . æóÑóæóÇåõ ÃóÈõæ ÏóÇæõÏó ãöäú ØóÑöíÞö ÃóÈöí ÓóÚöíÏò¡ æóÝöíåö: " «íóãúáößõ ÇáúÃóÑúÖó ÓóÈúÚó Óöäöíäó» " (4) .
æóÑóæóÇåõ Úóäú Úóáöíøò - ÑóÖöíó Çááøóåõ Úóäúåõ - Ãóäøóåõ äóÙóÑó Åöáóì ÇáúÍóÓóäö æóÞóÇáó: " Åöäøó ÇÈúäöí åóÐóÇ ÓóíøöÏñ¡ ßóãóÇ ÓóãøóÇåõ ÑóÓõæáõ Çááøóåö - Õóáøóì Çááøóåõ Úóáóíúåö æóÓóáøóãó - æóÓóíóÎúÑõÌõ ãöäú ÕõáúÈöåö ÑóÌõáñ íõÓóãøóì ÈóÇÓúãö äóÈöíøößõãú¡ íõÔúÈöåõåõ Ýöí ÇáúÎõáõÞö æóáóÇ íõÔúÈöåõåõ Ýöí ÇáúÎóáúÞö¡ íóãúáóÃõ ÇáúÃóÑúÖó ÞöÓúØðÇ " (5) .
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(1) áóæú: ÓóÇÞöØóÉñ ãöäú (ä) .
(2) ÓóÈóÞó åóÐóÇ ÇáúÍóÏöíËõ ÝöíãóÇ ãóÖóì 4/95
(3) ÇáúÍóÏöíËõ Úóäú Ãõãøö ÓóáóãóÉó - ÑóÖöíó Çááøóåõ ÚóäúåóÇ - Ýöí Óõäóäö ÃóÈöí ÏóÇæõÏó 4/151 (ßöÊóÇÈõ ÇáúãóåúÏöíøö¡ ÇáúÈóÇÈõ ÇáúÃóæøóáõ ÇáúÍóÏöíËõ ÑóÞúãõ 4284 æóÑóæóÇåõ ÇÈúäõ ãóÇÌóåú ãõÎúÊóÕóÑðÇ ÈöáóÝúÙö: " ÇáúãóåúÏöíøõ ãöäú æóáóÏö ÝóÇØöãóÉó " Ýöí Óõäóäöåö 2/1368 (ßöÊóÇÈõ ÇáúÝöÊóäö¡ ÈóÇÈõ ÎõÑõæÌö ÇáúãóåúÏöíøö) æóÕóÍøóÍóåõ ÇáúÃóáúÈóÇäöíøõ Ýöí " ÓöáúÓöáóÉö ÇáúÃóÍóÇÏöíËö ÇáÖøóÚöíÝóÉö " 1/108 æóÞóÇáó: Åöäøó ÇáúÍóßóãó ÃóÎúÑóÌóåõ 4/557. . ÅöáóÎú ".
(4) ÇáúÍóÏöíËõ Úóäú ÃóÈöí ÓóÚöíÏò ÇáúÎõÏúÑöíøö - ÑóÖöíó Çááøóåõ Úóäúåõ - Ýöí: Óõäóäö ÃóÈöí ÏóÇæõÏó 4/152 (ßöÊóÇÈõ ÇáúãóåúÏöíøö¡ ÇáúÈóÇÈõ ÇáúÃóæøóáõ æóäóÕøõåõ Ýöíåö " ÇáúãóåúÏöíøõ ãöäøöí ÃóÌúáóì ÇáúÌóÈúåóÉö¡ ÃóÞúäóì ÇáúÃóäúÝö¡ íóãúáóÃõ ÇáúÃóÑúÖó ÞöÓúØðÇ æóÚóÏúáðÇ¡ ßóãóÇ ãõáöÆóÊú ÌóæúÑðÇ æóÙõáúãðÇ¡ æóíóãúáößõ ÓóÈúÚó Óöäöíäó¡ æóÍóÓøóäó ÇáúÃóáúÈóÇäöíøõ ÇáúÍóÏöíËó Ýöí " ÕóÍöíÍö ÇáúÌóÇãöÚö ÇáÕøóÛöíÑö " 6/22 - 23 æóÝöí ãöÔúßóÇÉö ÇáúãóÕóÇÈöíÍö " áöáÊøóÈúÑöíÒöíøö 3/24 (Ê [0 - 9] 0) .
(5) ÇáúÍóÏöíËõ - ãóÚó ÇÎúÊöáóÇÝò íóÓöíÑò Ýöí ÇáúÃóáúÝóÇÙö - Úóäú ÔõÚóíúÈö Èúäö ÎóÇáöÏò Úóäú ÃóÈöí ÅöÓúÍóÇÞó Ýöí: Óõäóäö ÃóÈöí ÏóÇæõÏó 4/153 ÇáúãóæúÖöÚö ÇáÓøóÇÈöÞö æóÞóÇáó ÇáúãõÍóÞøöÞõ - ÑóÍöãóåõ Çááøóåõ -: " åóÐóÇ ÇáúÍóÏöíËõ ãõäúÞóØöÚñ. ÃóÈõæ ÅöÓúÍóÇÞó ÇáÓøóÈöíÚöíøõ ÑóÃóì ÚóáöíøðÇ - ÑóÖöíó Çááøóåõ Úóäúåõ - ÑõÄúíóÉð¡ æóáóãú ÊóËúÈõÊú áóåõ ÑöæóÇíóÉñ Úóäúåõ ".(8/255)
æóåóÐöåö ÇáúÃóÍóÇÏöíËõ ÛóáöØó ÝöíåóÇ ØóæóÇÆöÝõ: ØóÇÆöÝóÉñ ÃóäúßóÑõæåóÇ¡ æóÇÍúÊóÌøõæÇ (1) ÈöÍóÏöíËö ÇÈúäö ãóÇÌóåú Ãóäøó ÇáäøóÈöíøó - Õóáøóì Çááøóåõ Úóáóíúåö æóÓóáøóãó - ÞóÇáó: " áóÇ ãóåúÏöíøó ÅöáøóÇ ÚöíÓóì Èúäõ ãóÑúíóãó "¡ æóåóÐóÇ ÇáúÍóÏöíËõ ÖóÚöíÝñ¡ æóÞóÏö ÇÚúÊóãóÏó ÃóÈõæ ãõÍóãøóÏö Èúäõ ÇáúæóáöíÏö ÇáúÈóÛúÏóÇÏöíøõ æóÛóíúÑõåõ Úóáóíúåö æóáóíúÓó ãöãøóÇ íõÚúÊóãóÏõ Úóáóíúåö¡ æóÑóæóÇåõ ÇÈúäõ ãóÇÌóåú Úóäú íõæäõÓó Úóäö ÇáÔøóÇÝöÚöíøö¡ æóÇáÔøóÇÝöÚöíøõ ÑóæóÇåõ Úóäú ÑóÌõáò ãöäú Ãóåúáö Çáúíóãóäö¡ íõÞóÇáõ áóåõ: ãõÍóãøóÏõ Èúäõ ÎóÇáöÏò ÇáúÌóäóÏöíøõ¡ æóåõæó ãöãøóäú áóÇ íõÍúÊóÌøõ Èöåö (2) . æóáóíúÓó åóÐóÇ Ýöí ãõÓúäóÏö ÇáÔøóÇÝöÚöíøö¡ æóÞóÏú Þöíáó: Åöäøó ÇáÔøóÇÝöÚöíøó áóãú íóÓúãóÚúåõ ãöäó ÇáúÌóäóÏöíøö¡ æóÃóäøó íõæäõÓó áóãú íóÓúãóÚúåõ ãöäó ÇáÔøóÇÝöÚöíøö.
ÇáËøóÇäöí: Ãóäøó ÇáöÇËúäóíú ÚóÔúÑöíøóÉó ÇáøóÐöíäó ÇÏøóÚóæúÇ Ãóäøó åóÐóÇ åõæó ãóåúÏöíåöãú¡ ãóåúÏöíåöãõ ÇÓúãõåõ ãõÍóãøóÏõ Èúäõ ÇáúÍóÓóäö. æóÇáúãóåúÏöíøõ ÇáúãóäúÚõæÊõ (3) ÇáøóÐöí æóÕóÝóåõ ÇáäøóÈöíøõ - Õóáøóì
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(1) ä¡ ã¡ Ó: æóÇÍúÊóÌøóÊú
(2) ÇáúÍóÏöíËõ Ýöí: Óõäóäö ÇÈúäö ãóÇÌóåú 2/1340 - 1341 (ßöÊóÇÈõ ÇáúÝöÊóäö¡ ÈóÇÈõ ÔöÏøóÉö ÇáÒøóãóÇäö) æóäóÕøõåõ Ýöíåö ÍóÏøóËóäóÇ íõæäõÓõ Èúäõ ÚóÈúÏö ÇáúÃóÚúáóì. ÍóÏøóËóäóÇ ãõÍóãøóÏõ Èúäõ ÅöÏúÑöíÓó ÇáÔøóÇÝöÚöíøõ. ÍóÏøóËóäöí ãõÍóãøóÏõ Èúäõ ÎóÇáöÏò ÇáúÌóäóÏöíøõ Úóäú ÃóÈóÇäó Èúäö ÕóÇáöÍò¡ Úóäö ÇáúÍóÓóäö¡ Úóäú ÃóäóÓö Èúäö ãóÇáößò¡ Ãóäøó ÑóÓõæáó Çááøóåö - Õóáøóì Çááøóåõ Úóáóíúåö æóÓóáøóãó - ÞóÇáó " áóÇ íóÒúÏóÇÏõ ÇáúÃóãúÑõ ÅöáøóÇ ÔöÏøóÉð¡ æóáóÇ ÇáÏøõäúíóÇ ÅöáøóÇ ÅöÏúÈóÇÑðÇ¡ æóáóÇ ÇáäøóÇÓõ ÅöáøóÇ ÔõÍøðÇ¡ æóáóÇ ÊóÞõæãõ ÇáÓøóÇÚóÉõ Úóáóì ÔöÑóÇÑö ÇáäøóÇÓö æóáóÇ ÇáúãóåúÏöíøõ ÅöáøóÇ ÚöíÓóì ÇÈúäõ ãóÑúíóãó ". æóÊóßóáøóãó ÇáúãõÍóÞøöÞõ - ÑóÍöãóåõ Çááøóåõ - Úóáóì ÇáúÍóÏöíËö ÈöãóÇ íõÝöíÏõ ÊóÕúÍöíÍóåõ¡ æóÎóÇáóÝóåõ ÇáúÃóáúÈóÇäöíøõ Ýöí " ÓöáúÓöáóÉö ÇáúÃóÍóÇÏöíËö ÇáÖøóÚöíÝóÉö " (ÑóÞúãõ 77) 1/103 - 105 æóÞóÇáó: Åöäøóåõ ÍóÏöíËñ ãõäúßóÑñ æóÅöäøó ÇáúÍóÇßöãó ÃóÎúÑóÌóåõ 4/441 æóÇÈúäó ÚóÈúÏö ÇáúÈóÑøö Ýöí " ÌóÇãöÚö ÈóíóÇäö ÇáúÚöáúãö " 1/155¡ æóÐóßóÑó Ãóäøó ãõÍóãøóÏó Èúäó ÎóÇáöÏò ÇáúÌóäóÏöíøó ãóÌúåõæáñ ßóãóÇ ÞóÇáó ÇáúÍóÇÝöÙõ (ÇÈúäõ ÍóÌóÑò) Ýöí ÇáÊøóÞúÑöíÈö " æóÃóäøó ÇáÐøóåóÈöíøó ÞóÇáó Ýöí " ÇáúãöíÒóÇäö " Åöäøóåõ ÎóÈóÑñ ãõäúßóÑñ Ëõãøó ÞóÇáó: " æóÞóÇáó ÇáÕøóÛóÇäöíøõ: ãóæúÖõæÚñ ßóãóÇ Ýöí " ÇáúÃóÍóÇÏöíËö ÇáúãóæúÖõæÚóÉö " áöáÔøóæúßóÇäöíøö (Õ 195) æóäóÞóáó ÇáÓøõíõæØöíøõ Ýöí " ÇáúÚõÑúÝö ÇáúæóÑúÏöíøö Ýöí ÃóÎúÈóÇÑö ÇáúãóåúÏöíøö " 2/274 ãöäó ÇáúÍóÇæöí Úóäö ÇáúÞõÑúØõÈöíøö Ãóäøóåõ ÞóÇáó Ýöí " ÇáÊøóÐúßöÑóÉö ": ÅöÓúäóÇÏñ ÖóÚöíÝñ. . æóÞóÏú ÃóÔóÇÑó ÇáúÍóÇÝöÙõ Ýöí " ÇáúÝóÊúÍö ". . Åöáóì ÑóÏøö åóÐóÇ ÇáúÍóÏöíËö áöãõÎóÇáóÝóÊöåö áöÃóÍóÇÏöíËö ÇáúãóåúÏöíøö ".
(3) ä¡ ã¡ Ó: ÇáúãóÈúÚõæËõ¡ æóåõæó ÊóÍúÑöíÝñ.(8/256)
Çááøóåõ Úóáóíúåö æóÓóáøóãó - ÇÓúãõåõ ãõÍóãøóÏõ Èúäõ ÚóÈúÏö Çááøóåö ; æóáöåóÐóÇ ÍóÐóÝóÊú ØóÇÆöÝóÉñ ÐößúÑó ÇáúÃóÈö ãöäú áóÝúÙö ÇáÑøóÓõæáö (1) ÍóÊøóì áóÇ íõäóÇÞöÖó ãóÇ ßóÐóÈóÊú. æóØóÇÆöÝóÉñ ÍóÑøóÝóÊúåõ¡ ÝóÞóÇáóÊú: ÌóÏøõåõ ÇáúÍõÓóíúäõ¡ æóßõäúíóÊõåõ ÃóÈõæ ÚóÈúÏö Çááøóåö¡ ÝóãóÚúäóÇåõ ãõÍóãøóÏõ Èúäõ ÃóÈöí ÚóÈúÏö Çááøóåö¡ æóÌóÚóáóÊö ÇáúßõäúíóÉó ÇÓúãðÇ.
æóãöãøóäú Óóáóßó åóÐóÇ ÇÈúäõ ØóáúÍóÉó Ýöí ßöÊóÇÈöåö ÇáøóÐöí ÓóãøóÇåõ " ÛóÇíóÉó ÇáÓøõæáö Ýöí ãóäóÇÞöÈö ÇáÑøóÓõæáö " (2) ¡ æóãöäú ÃóÏúäóì äóÙóÑò íõÚúÑóÝõ Ãóäøó åóÐóÇ ÊóÍúÑöíÝñ ÕóÑöíÍñ (3) æóßóÐöÈñ Úóáóì ÑóÓõæáö Çááøóåö - Õóáøóì Çááøóåõ Úóáóíúåö æóÓóáøóãó - Ýóåóáú íóÝúåóãõ ÃóÍóÏñ ãöäú Þóæúáöåö: " «íõæóÇØöÆõ ÇÓúãõåõ ÇÓúãöí¡ æóÇÓúãõ ÃóÈöíåö ÇÓúãó ÃóÈöí» " ÅöáøóÇ Ãóäøó ÇÓúãó ÃóÈöíåö ÚóÈúÏõ Çááøóåö¿ æóåóáú íóÏõáøõ åóÐóÇ ÇááøóÝúÙõ Úóáóì Ãóäøó ÌóÏøóåõ ßõäúíóÊõåõ ÃóÈõæ ÚóÈúÏö Çááøóåö¿
Ëõãøó Ãóíøõ ÊóãúíöíÒò íóÍúÕõáõ áóåõ ÈöåóÐóÇ¿ Ýóßóãú ãöäú æóáóÏö ÇáúÍõÓóíúäö ãóäö ÇÓúãõåõ ãõÍóãøóÏñ¡ æóßõáøõ åóÄõáóÇÁö íõÞóÇáõ Ýöí ÃóÌúÏóÇÏöåöãú: ãõÍóãøóÏõ Èúäõ ÃóÈöí ÚóÈúÏö Çááøóåö ßóãóÇ Þöíáó Ýöí åóÐóÇ¿ æóßóíúÝó íóÚúÏöáõ ãóäú íõÑöíÏõ ÇáúÈóíóÇäó Åöáóì ãóäö ÇÓúãõåõ ãõÍóãøóÏõ Èúäõ ÇáúÍóÓóäö¡ ÝóíóÞõæáõ: ÇÓúãõåõ ãõÍóãøóÏõ Èúäõ ÚóÈúÏö Çááøóåö¡ æóíóÚúäöí ÈöÐóáößó Ãóäøó ÌóÏøóåõ ÃóÈõæ ÚóÈúÏö Çááøóåö¿
æóåóÐóÇ ßóÇäó ÊóÚúÑöíÝõåõ (4) ÈöÃóäøóåõ ãõÍóãøóÏõ Èúäõ ÇáúÍóÓóäö¡ Ãóæö ÇÈúäõ ÃóÈöí ÇáúÍóÓóäö ; áöÃóäøó
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(1) Ó: ÍóÐóÝóÊú ØóÇÆöÝóÉñ ÐößúÑó ÇáúÃóÈö ãöäú áóÝúÙö ÇáúÃóÈö¡ È: ÍóÐóÝóÊú ØóÇÆöÝóÉñ áóÝúÙó ÇáúÃóÈö.
(2) åõæó ÃóÈõæ ÓóÇáöãò ãõÍóãøóÏõ Èúäõ ØóáúÍóÉó Èúäö ãõÍóãøóÏö Èúäö ÇáúÍóÓóäö¡ ÇáúÞõÑóÔöíøõ ÇáäøóÕöíÈöíøõ (ãöäú ÞõÑóì äóÕöíÈöíäó) ÇáúÚóÏóæöíøõ ÇáÔøóÇÝöÚöíøõ¡ æõáöÏó ÓóäóÉó 582 æóÊõæõÝøöíó ÓóäóÉó 652¡ æóÒöíÑñ ãöäó ÇáúÃõÏóÈóÇÁö ÇáúßõÊøóÇÈö¡ æóáöíó ÇáúæöÒóÇÑóÉó ÈöÏöãóÔúÞó Ëõãøó ÊóÑóßóåóÇ æóÊóÒóåøóÏó. ÇäúÙõÑú ÊóÑúÌóãóÊóåõ Ýöí ÔóÐóÑóÇÊö ÇáÐøóåóÈö 5/259 - 260 ; ØóÈóÞóÇÊö ÇáÔøóÇÝöÚöíøóÉö 8/63 ; ÇáúÃóÚúáóÇãö 7/45 (æóÐóßóÑó ÇáÒøöÑößúáöíøõ ÇáúßöÊóÇÈó æóÇÓúãóåõ: ãóØóÇáöÈõ ÇáÓøõæáö Ýöí ãóäóÇÞöÈö Âáö ÇáÑøóÓõæáö¡ æóÞóÇáó: Åöäøóåõ ãóÎúØõæØñ) .
(3) Ó¡ È: ÕóÍöíÍñ¡ æóåõæó ÊóÍúÑöíÝñ.
(4) ã: íõÚóÑøöÝõåõ(8/257)
ÌóÏøóåõ Úóáóì ßõäúíóÊöåö ÃóÈõæ ÇáúÍóÓóäö - ÃóÍúÓóäõ ãöäú åóÐóÇ¡ æóÃóÈúíóäõ áöãóäú íõÑöíÏõ ÇáúåõÏóì æóÇáúÈóíóÇäó.
æóÃóíúÖðÇ ÝóÅöäøó ÇáúãóåúÏöíøó ÇáúãóäúÚõæÊó (1) ãöäú æóáóÏö ÇáúÍóÓóäö Èúäö Úóáöíøò¡ áóÇ ãöäú æóáóÏö ÇáúÍõÓóíúäö¡ ßóãóÇ ÊóÞóÏøóãó áóÝúÙõ ÍóÏöíËö Úóáöíøò.
ÇáËøóÇáöËõ: Ãóäøó ØóæóÇÆöÝó ÇÏøóÚóì (2) ßõáøñ ãöäúåõãú Ãóäó ÇáúãóåúÏöíøó ÇáúãõÈóÔøóÑó Èöåö ãöËúáõ ãóåúÏöíøö ÇáúÞóÑóÇãöØóÉö ÇáúÈóÇØöäöíøóÉö¡ ÇáøóÐöí ÃóÞóÇãó ÏóÚúæóÊóåõãú ÈöÇáúãóÛúÑöÈö¡ æóåõæó ãöäú æóáóÏö ãóíúãõæäò ÇáúÞóÏøóÇÍö¡ æóÇÏøóÚóæúÇ Ãóäøó ãóíúãõæäðÇ åóÐóÇ åõæó (3) ãöäú æóáóÏö ãõÍóãøóÏö Èúäö ÅöÓúãóÇÚöíáó¡ æóÅöáóì Ðóáößó ÇäúÊóÓóÈó ÇáúÅöÓúãóÇÚöíáöíøóÉõ¡ æóåõãú ãóáóÇÍöÏóÉñ Ýöí ÇáúÈóÇØöäö¡ ÎóÇÑöÌõæäó Úóäú ÌóãöíÚö Çáúãöáóáö¡ ÃóßúÝóÑõ ãöäó ÇáúÛóÇáöíóÉö ßóÇáäøõÕóíúÑöíøóÉö¡ æóãóÐúåóÈõåõãú ãõÑóßøóÈñ ãöäú ãóÐúåóÈö ÇáúãóÌõæÓö æóÇáÕøóÇÈöÆóÉö æóÇáúÝóáóÇÓöÝóÉö¡ ãóÚó ÅöÙúåóÇÑö ÇáÊøóÔóíøõÚö¡ æóÌóÏøõåõãú ÑóÌõáñ íóåõæÏöíøñ ßóÇäó ÑóÈöíÈðÇ áöÑóÌõáò ãóÌõæÓöíøò¡ æóÞóÏú ßóÇäóÊú áóåõãú ÏóæúáóÉñ æóÃóÊúÈóÇÚñ.
æóÞóÏú ÕóäøóÝó ÇáúÚõáóãóÇÁõ ßõÊõÈðÇ Ýöí ßóÔúÝö ÃóÓúÑóÇÑöåöãú æóåóÊúßö ÃóÓúÊóÇÑöåöãú¡ ãöËúáó ßöÊóÇÈö ÇáúÞóÇÖöí ÃóÈöí ÈóßúÑò ÇáúÈóÇÞöáøóÇäöíøö¡ æóÇáúÞóÇÖöí ÚóÈúÏö ÇáúÌóÈøóÇÑö ÇáúåóãúÏóÇäöíøö¡ æóßöÊóÇÈö ÇáúÛóÒóÇáöíøö¡ æóäóÍúæöåöãú.
æóãöãøóäó ÇÏøóÚóì Ãóäøóåõ ÇáúãóåúÏöíøõ ÇÈúäõ ÇáÊøõæãóÑúÊö¡ ÇáøóÐöí ÎóÑóÌó ÃóíúÖðÇ ÈöÇáúãóÛúÑöÈö¡ æóÓóãøóì ÃóÕúÍóÇÈóåõ ÇáúãõæóÍøöÏöíäó¡ æóßóÇäó íõÞóÇáõ áóåõ Ýöí ÎõØóÈöåöãú: " ÇáúÅöãóÇãõ ÇáúãóÚúÕõæãõ "¡ æó " ÇáúãóåúÏöíøõ ÇáúãóÚúáõæãõ " ÇáøóÐöí íóãúáóÃõ ÇáúÃóÑúÖó ÞöÓúØðÇ æóÚóÏúáðÇ¡ ßóãóÇ ãõáöÆóÊú ÌóæúÑðÇ
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(1) ä¡ ã¡ Ó: ÇáúãóÈúÚõæËó¡ æóåõæó ÊóÍúÑöíÝñ.
(2) ã: ÇÏøóÚóÊú.
(3) åõæó: ÓóÇÞöØóÉñ ãöäú (Ó) ¡ (È) .(8/258)
æóÙõáúãðÇ. æóåóÐóÇ ÇÏøóÚóì Ãóäøóåõ ãöäú æóáóÏö ÇáúÍóÓóäö Ïõæäó ÇáúÍõÓóíúäö ; ÝóÅöäøóåõ áóãú íóßõäú ÑóÇÝöÖöíøðÇ¡ æóßóÇäó áóåõ ãöäó ÇáúÎöÈúÑóÉö ÈöÇáúÍóÏöíËö ãóÇ ÇÏøóÚóì Èöåö ÏóÚúæóì ÊõØóÇÈöÞõ ÇáúÍóÏöíËó.
æóÞóÏú Úõáöãó ÈöÇáöÇÖúØöÑóÇÑö Ãóäøóåõ áóíúÓó åõæó ÇáøóÐöí ÐóßóÑóåõ ÇáäøóÈöíøõ - Õóáøóì Çááøóåõ Úóáóíúåö æóÓóáøóãó.
æóãöËúáõ ÚöÏøóÉò ÂÎóÑöíäó ÇÏøóÚõæúÇ Ðóáößó: ãöäúåõãú ãóäú ÞõÊöáó (1) ¡ æóãöäúåõãú ãóäö ÇÏøóÚóì Ðóáößó Ýöíåö ÃóÕúÍóÇÈõåõ¡ æóåóÄõáóÇÁö ßóËöíÑõæäó áóÇ íõÍúÕöí ÚóÏóÏóåõãú ÅöáøóÇ Çááøóåõ¡ æóÑõÈøóãóÇ ÍóÕóáó ÈöÃóÍóÏöåöãú äóÝúÚñ áöÞóæúãò¡ æóÅöäú ÍóÕóáó Èöåö ÖóÑóÑñ áöÂÎóÑöíäó¡ ßóãóÇ ÍóÕóáó ÈöãóåúÏöíøö ÇáúãóÛúÑöÈö: ÇäúÊóÝóÚó Èöåö ØóæóÇÆöÝõ¡ æóÊóÖóÑøóÑó Èöåö ØóæóÇÆöÝõ (2) ¡ æóßóÇäó Ýöíåö ãóÇ íõÍúãóÏõ æóÅöäú ßóÇäó (3) Ýöíåö ãóÇ íõÐóãøõ.
æóÈößõáøö ÍóÇáò Ýóåõæó æóÃóãúËóÇáõåõ ÎóíúÑñ ãöäú ãóåúÏöíøö ÇáÑøóÇÝöÖóÉö¡ ÇáøóÐöí áóíúÓó áóåõ Úóíúäñ æóáóÇ ÃóËóÑñ¡ æóáóÇ íõÚúÑóÝõ áóåõ ÍöÓøñ æóáóÇ ÎóÈóÑñ¡ áóãú íóäúÊóÝöÚú Èöåö ÃóÍóÏñ áóÇ Ýöí ÇáÏøõäúíóÇ æóáóÇ Ýöí ÇáÏøöíäö¡ Èóáú ÍóÕóáó ÈöÇÚúÊöÞóÇÏö æõÌõæÏöåö ãöäó ÇáÔøóÑøö æóÇáúÝóÓóÇÏö¡ ãóÇáóÇ íõÍúÕöíåö ÅöáøóÇ ÑóÈøõ ÇáúÚöÈóÇÏö.
æóÃóÚúÑöÝõ Ýöí ÒóãóÇäöäóÇ ÛóíúÑó æóÇÍöÏò ãöäó ÇáúãóÔóÇíöÎö¡ ÇáøóÐöíäó Ýöíåöãú ÒõåúÏñ æóÚöÈóÇÏóÉñ¡ íóÙõäøõ ßõáøñ ãöäúåõãú Ãóäøóåõ ÇáúãóåúÏöíøõ¡ æóÑõÈøóãóÇ íõÎóÇØóÈõ ÃóÍóÏõåõãú ÈöÐóáößó ãóÑøóÇÊò ãõÊóÚóÏøöÏóÉð¡ æóíóßõæäõ ÇáúãõÎóÇØöÈõ áóåõ ÈöÐóáößó ÇáÔøóíúØóÇäó¡ æóåõæó íóÙõäøõ Ãóäøóåõ ÎöØóÇÈñ ãöäú ÞöÈóáö Çááøóåö.
æóíóßõæäõ ÃóÍóÏõåõãõ ÇÓúãõåõ ÃóÍúãóÏõ Èúäõ ÅöÈúÑóÇåöíãó¡ ÝóíõÞóÇáõ áóåõ: ãõÍóãøóÏñ æóÃóÍúãóÏõ ÓóæóÇÁñ¡
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(1) ä¡ Ó¡ È: ãöäúåõãú ãóäú ÞõÈöáó. æóÇáúßóáöãóÉõ ÛóíúÑõ ãóäúÞõæØóÉò Ýöí (ã) æóÑóÌøóÍúÊõ Ãóäú íóßõæäó ÇáÕøóæóÇÈõ ãóÇ ÃóËúÈóÊøõåõ.
(2) Ó: æóÇäúÊóÕóÑó Èöåö ØóæóÇÆöÝõ¡ È: æóÇäúÖóÑøó Èöåö ØóæóÇÆöÝõ. æóÇáúãõËúÈóÊõ ãöäú (ä) æóÓóÞóØóÊö ÇáúÚöÈóÇÑóÉõ ãöäú (ã) .
(3) È: æóßóÇäó.(8/259)
æóÅöÈúÑóÇåöíãõ ÇáúÎóáöíáõ åõæó ÌóÏøõ ÑóÓõæáö Çááøóåö - Õóáøóì Çááøóåõ Úóáóíúåö æóÓóáøóãó - æóÃóÈõæßó ÅöÈúÑóÇåöíãõ ; ÝóÞóÏú æóÇØóÃó ÇÓúãõßó ÇÓúãóåõ¡ æóÇÓúãõ ÃóÈöíßó ÇÓúãó ÃóÈöíåö.
æóãóÚó åóÐóÇ ÝóåóÄõáóÇÁö - ãóÚó ãóÇ æóÞóÚó áóåõãú ãöäó ÇáúÌóåúáö æóÇáúÛóáóØö - ßóÇäõæÇ ÎóíúÑðÇ ãöäú ãõäúÊóÙóÑö ÇáÑøóÇÝöÖóÉö¡ æóíóÍúÕõáõ Èöåöãú (1) ãöäó ÇáäøóÝúÚö ãóÇ áóÇ íóÍúÕõáõ ÈöãõäúÊóÙóÑö ÇáÑøóÇÝöÖóÉö¡ æóáóãú íóÍúÕõáú Èöåöãú ãöäó ÇáÖøóÑóÑö ãóÇ ÍóÕóáó ÈöãõäúÊóÙóÑö ÇáÑøóÇÝöÖóÉö¡ Èóáú ãóÇ ÍóÕóáó ÈöãõäúÊóÙóÑö ÇáÑøóÇÝöÖóÉö ãöäó ÇáÖøóÑóÑö ÃóßúËóÑõ ãöäúåõ (2) .
[ÝÕá ÇáËÇäí Þæáå íÌÈ Ýí ßá ÒãÇä ÅãÇã ãÚÕæã æáÇ ãÚÕæã ÛíÑ åÄáÇÁ æÇáÑÏ Úáíå]
ÝóÕúáñ
ÞóÇáó ÇáÑøóÇÝöÖöíøõ (3) : " ÇáËøóÇäöí: ÃóäøóÇ (4) ÞóÏú ÈóíøóäøóÇ Ãóäøóåõ íóÌöÈõ Ýöí ßõáøö ÒóãóÇäò ÅöãóÇãñ ãóÚúÕõæãñ¡ æóáóÇ ãóÚúÕõæãó ÛóíúÑõ åóÄõáóÇÁö ÅöÌúãóÇÚðÇ " (5) .
æóÇáúÌóæóÇÈõ ãöäú æõÌõæåò: ÃóÍóÏõåóÇ: ãóäúÚõ (6) ÇáúãõÞóÏøöãóÉö ÇáúÃõæáóì ßóãóÇ ÊóÞóÏøóãó.
æóÇáËøóÇäöí: ãóäúÚõ ØóæóÇÆöÝó áóåõãõ ÇáúãõÞóÏøöãóÉó ÇáËøóÇäöíóÉó (7) .
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(1) ä¡ ã¡ Ó: Èöåö¡ æóåõæó ÎóØóÃñ.
(2) ä: æóáóãú íóÍúÕõáú Èöåöãú ãöäó ÇáÖøóÑóÑö ÅöáøóÇ ãóÇ ÍóÕóáó ÈöãõäúÊóÙóÑö ÇáÑøóÇÝöÖóÉö ÃóßúËóÑõ ãöäúåõ¡ ã: áóãú íóÍúÕõáú áóåõãú ãöäó ÇáÖøóÑóÑö ÅöáøóÇ ãóÇ ÍóÕóáó ÈöãõäúÊóÙóÑö ÇáÑøóÇÝöÖóÉö ÃóßúËóÑõ ãöäúåõ¡ Ó: æóáóãú íóÍúÕõáú Èöåöãú ãöäó ÇáÖøóÑóÑö ÅöáøóÇ ãóÇ ÍóÕóáó ÈöãõäúÊóÙóÑö ÇáÑøóÇÝöÖóÉö¡ Èóáú ãóÇ ÍóÕóáó ÈöãõäúÊóÙóÑö ÇáÑøóÇÝöÖóÉö ãöäó ÇáÖøóÑóÑö ÃóßúËóÑõ ãöäúåõ. æóÇáÕøóæóÇÈõ ãóÇ ÃóËúÈóÊøõåõ ãöäú (È) .
(3) Ýöí (ß) Õ 193 (ã)
(4) ß: Ãóäøóåõ
(5) ß: åóÄõáóÇÁö - Úóáóíúåöãõ ÇáÓøóáóÇãõ - ÅöÌúãóÇÚðÇ.
(6) ä¡ Ó: äóãúäóÚõ¡ È: äóãúäóÚõ.
(7) ÇáúãóÚúäóì åõäóÇ Ãóäøó ØóæóÇÆöÝó ãöäó ÇáÔøöíÚóÉö ÊõäúßöÑõ Þóæúáó ÇáöÇËúäóíú ÚóÔúÑöíøóÉó æóÊóÞõæáõ: Åöäøó åõäóÇßó ÃóÆöãøóÉð ãóÚúÕõæãöíäó ÛóíúÑõ ÇáúÃóÆöãøóÉö ÇáöÇËúäóíú ÚóÔóÑó.(8/260)
ÇáËøóÇáöËõ (1) : Ãóäøó åóÐóÇ ÇáúãóÚúÕõæãó ÇáøóÐöí íóÏøóÚõæäóåõ Ýöí æóÞúÊò ãóÇ áóåõ ãõÐú æõáöÏó ÚöäúÏóåõãú ÃóßúËóÑõ ãöäú (2) ÃóÑúÈóÚöãöÇÆóÉò æóÎóãúÓöíäó ÓóäóÉð ; ÝóÅöäøóåõ ÏóÎóáó ÇáÓøöÑúÏóÇÈó ÚöäúÏóåõãú ÓóäóÉó ÓöÊøöíäó æóãöÇÆóÊóíúäö¡ æóáóåõ ÎóãúÓõ Óöäöíäó ÚöäúÏó ÈóÚúÖöåöãú¡ æóÃóÞóáøõ ãöäú Ðóáößó ÚöäúÏó ÂÎóÑöíäó (3) ¡ æóáóãú íóÙúåóÑú Úóäúåõ ÔóíúÁñ ãöãøóÇ íóÝúÚóáõåõ ÃóÞóáøõ ÇáäøóÇÓö ÊóÃúËöíÑðÇ (4) ¡ ãöãøóÇ íóÝúÚóáõåõ ÂÍóÇÏõ ÇáúæõáóÇÉö æóÇáúÞõÖóÇÉö æóÇáúÚõáóãóÇÁö¡ ÝóÖúáðÇ ÚóãøóÇ íóÝúÚóáõåõ ÇáúÅöãóÇãõ ÇáúãóÚúÕõæãõ. ÝóÃóíøõ ãóäúÝóÚóÉò áöáúæõÌõæÏö (5) Ýöí ãöËúáö åóÐóÇ áóæú ßóÇäó ãóæúÌõæÏðÇ¿ ÝóßóíúÝó ÅöÐóÇ ßóÇäó ãóÚúÏõæãðÇ¿ !
æóÇáøóÐöíäó ÂãóäõæÇ ÈöåóÐóÇ ÇáúãóÚúÕõæãö¡ Ãóíøõ áõØúÝò æóÃóíøõ ãóäúÝóÚóÉò (6) ÍóÕóáóÊú áóåõãú Èöåö äóÝúÓöåö Ýöí Ïöíäöåöãú Ãóæú ÏõäúíóÇåõãú¿ !
æóåóáú åóÐóÇ ÅöáøóÇ ÃóÝúÓóÏõ ãöãøóÇ íóÏøóÚöíåö ßóËöíÑñ ãöäó ÇáúÚóÇãøóÉö Ýöí ÇáúÞõØúÈö æóÇáúÛóæúËö æóäóÍúæö Ðóáößó ãöäú ÃóÓúãóÇÁò íõÚóÙøöãõæäó ãõÓóãøóÇåóÇ¡ æóíóÏøóÚõæäó Ýöí ãõÓóãøóÇåóÇ (7) ãóÇ åõæó ÃóÚúÙóãõ ãöäú ÑõÊúÈóÉö (8) ÇáäøõÈõæøóÉö¡ ãöäú ÛóíúÑö ÊóÚúíöíäò áöÔóÎúÕò ãõÚóíøóäò íõãúßöäõ Ãóäú íõäúÊóÝóÚó Èöåö ÇáöÇäúÊöÝóÇÚõ ÇáúãóÐúßõæÑõ Ýöí ãõÓóãøóì åóÐöåö ÇáúÃóÓúãóÇÁö.
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(1) Ýöí ÌóãöíÚö ÇáäøõÓóÎö: ÇáËøóÇäöí ÇáúÞóæúáõ ÈöÇáúãõæÌöÈö¡ ÇáËøóÇáöËõ. . ÅöáóÎú æóÓóÈóÞó ÇáúæóÌúåõ ÇáËøóÇäöí¡ æóãóÇ ÐõßöÑó Ýöí ÇáäøõÓóÎö áóÇ ãóÚúäóì áóåõ æóáóÚóáøó Ýöí ÇáúßóáóÇãö äóÞúÕðÇ Ãóæú ÊóÍúÑöíÝðÇ¡ æóÑóÃóíúÊõ Ãóäøó ÍóÐúÝóåõ Ãóæúáóì.
(2) ä¡ Ó: áóåõ ÞóÏú æõáöÏó ÚöäúÏóåõãú ÃóßúËóÑõ ãöäú¡ æóåõæó ÊóÍúÑöíÝñ¡ È: ÞóÏú æõáöÏó ÚöäúÏóåõãú áöÃóßúËóÑó ãöäú. æóÇáúãõËúÈóÊõ ãöäú (ã) æóåõæó ÇáÕøóæóÇÈõ.
(3) ä¡ ã¡ Ó æóÚöäúÏó ÈóÚúÖöåöãú ÃóÞóáøõ ãöäú Ðóáößó ÚöäúÏó ÂÎóÑöíäó. æóÇáÕøóæóÇÈõ ãóÇ ÃóËúÈóÊøõåõ ãöäú (È) .
(4) ä: ÊóÃúÈöíÑðÇ¡ Ó¡ È: ÊóÃúãöíÑðÇ.
(5) áöáúæõÌõæÏö: ÓóÇÞöØóÉñ ãöäú (ã) .
(6) ã: ãóÕúáóÍóÉò.
(7) ÚöÈóÇÑóÉõ: " æóíóÏøóÚõæäó Ýöí ãõÓóãøóÇåóÇ ": ÓóÇÞöØóÉñ ãöäú (Ó) ¡ (È) .
(8) ä: ÑöíÈóÉö¡ æóåõæó ÊóÍúÑöíÝñ.(8/261)
æóßóãóÇ íóÏøóÚöí ßóËöíÑñ ãöäúåõãú ÍóíóÇÉó ÇáúÎóÖöÑö¡ ãóÚó Ãóäøóåõãú áóãú íóÓúÊóÝöíÏõæÇ ÈöåóÐöåö ÇáÏøóÚúæóì ãóäúÝóÚóÉð: áóÇ Ýöí Ïöíäöåöãú¡ æóáóÇ Ýöí ÏõäúíóÇåõãú.
æóÅöäøóãóÇ ÛóÇíóÉõ ãóäú íóÏøóÚöí Ðóáößó Ãóäú íóÏøóÚöíó ÌóÑóíóÇäó ÈóÚúÖö ãóÇ íõÞóÏøöÑõåõ (1) Çááøóåõ Úóáóì íóÏóíú (2) ãöËúáö åóÄõáóÇÁö. æóåóÐóÇ ãóÚó Ãóäøóåõ (3) áóÇ ÍóÇÌóÉó áóåõãú Èöåö¡ ÝóáóÇ ÍóÇÌóÉó Èöåöãú (4) Åöáóì ãóÚúÑöÝóÊöåö¡ æóáóãú íóäúÊóÝöÚõæÇ ÈöÐóáößó áóæú ßóÇäó ÍóÞøðÇ¡ ÝóßóíúÝó ÅöÐóÇ ßóÇäó ãóÇ íóÏøóÚõæäóåõ ÈóÇØöáðÇ¿ !
æóãöäú åóÄõáóÇÁö ãóäú íóÊóãóËøóáõ áóåõ ÇáúÌöäøöíøõ Ýöí ÕõæÑóÉò¡ æóíóÞõæáõ: ÃóäóÇ ÇáúÎóÖöÑõ¡ æóíóßõæäõ ßóÇÐöÈðÇ. æóßóÐóáößó ÇáøóÐöíäó íóÐúßõÑõæäó ÑöÌóÇáó ÇáúÛóíúÈö æóÑõÄúíóÊóåõãú ÅöäøóãóÇ ÑóÃóæõÇ ÇáúÌöäøó¡ æóåõãú ÑöÌóÇáñ ÛóÇÆöÈõæäó¡ æóÞóÏú íóÙõäøõæäó Ãóäøóåõãú ÅöäúÓñ. æóåóÐóÇ ÞóÏú ÈóíøóäøóÇåõ Ýöí ãóæóÇÖöÚó ÊóØõæáõ ÍößóÇíóÊõåóÇ ãöãøóÇ ÊóæóÇÊóÑó ÚöäúÏóäóÇ.
æóåóÐóÇ ÇáøóÐöí ÊóÏøóÚöíåö ÇáÑøóÇÝöÖóÉõ ÅöãøóÇ ãóÝúÞõæÏñ ÚöäúÏóåõãú¡ æóÅöãøóÇ ãóÚúÏõæãñ ÚöäúÏó ÇáúÚõÞóáóÇÁö. æóÚóáóì ÇáÊøóÞúÏöíÑóíúäö ÝóáóÇ ãóäúÝóÚóÉó áöÃóÍóÏò Èöåö¡ áóÇ Ýöí Ïöíäò æóáóÇ [Ýöí] ÏõäúíóÇ (5) . Ýóãóäú ÚóáøóÞó Èöåö Ïöíäóåõ ÈöÇáúãóÌúåõæáóÇÊö ÇáøóÊöí áóÇ íõÚúáóãõ ËõÈõæÊõåóÇ (6) ßóÇäó ÖóÇáøðÇ Ýöí Ïöíäöåö ; áöÃóäøó ãóÇ ÚóáøóÞó Èöåö Ïöíäóåõ áóãú íõÚúáóãú ÕöÍøóÊõåõ¡ æóáóãú íóÍúÕõáú áóåõ Èöåö ãóäúÝóÚóÉñ¡ Ýóåóáú íóÝúÚóáõ ãöËúáó åóÐóÇ ÅöáøóÇ ÌóÇåöáñ¿ !
áóßöäøó ÇáøóÐöíäó íóÚúÊóÞöÏõæäó ÍóíóÇÉó ÇáúÎóÖöÑö áóÇ íóÞõæáõæäó: Åöäøóåõ íóÌöÈõ Úóáóì ÇáäøóÇÓö ØóÇÚóÊõåõ¡ ãóÚó Ãóäøó ÇáúÎóÖöÑó ßóÇäó ÍóíøðÇ ãóæúÌõæÏðÇ.
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(1) ä¡ Ó¡ È: ãóÇ íõÞóÏøöÑõ.
(2) ã: Úóáóì íóÏö.
(3) Ó¡ È: Ãóäøóåõãú.
(4) (4 - 4) ÓóÇÞöØñ ãöäú (Ó) (È) .
(5) ä: æóáóÇ ÏõäúíóÇ.
(6) Ó¡ È: ãóæúÊõåóÇ æóåõæó ÊóÍúÑöíÝñ¡ ä¡ ã: ÇáúßóáöãóÉõ ÛóíúÑõ ãóäúÞõæØóÉò æóÃóÍúÓóÈõ Ãóäøó ÇáÕøóæóÇÈó ãóÇ ÃóËúÈóÊøõåõ.(8/262)
[ÝÕá ÇáÝÖÇÆá ÇáÊí ÇÔÊãá ßá æÇÍÏ ãä ÇáÃÆãÉ ÚáíåÇ ÇáãæÌÈÉ áßæäå ÅãÇãÇ æÇáÑÏ Úáíå]
ÝóÕúáñ
ÞóÇáó ÇáÑøóÇÝöÖöíøõ (1) : " ÇáËøóÇáöËõ: ÇáúÝóÖóÇÆöáõ ÇáøóÊöí ÇÔúÊóãóáó ßõáøõ æóÇÍöÏò ãöäúåõãú ÚóáóíúåóÇ ÇáúãõæÌöÈóÉõ áößóæúäöåö ÅöãóÇãðÇ ".
æóÇáúÌóæóÇÈõ ãöäú æõÌõæåò: ÃóÍóÏõåóÇ: Ãóäøó Êöáúßó ÇáúÝóÖóÇÆöáó ÛóÇíóÊõåóÇ Ãóäú íóßõæäó ÕóÇÍöÈõåóÇ ÃóåúáðÇ Ãóäú ÊõÚúÞóÏó (2) áóåõ ÇáúÅöãóÇãóÉõ¡ áóßöäøóåõ áóÇ íóÕöíÑõ ÅöãóÇãðÇ ÈöãõÌóÑøóÏö ßóæúäöåö ÃóåúáðÇ¡ ßóãóÇ Ãóäøóåõ áóÇ íóÕöíÑõ ÇáÑøóÌõáõ ÞóÇÖöíðÇ ÈöãõÌóÑøóÏö ßóæúäöåö ÃóåúáðÇ áöÐóáößó.
ÇáËøóÇäöí: Ãóäøó ÃóåúáöíøóÉó ÇáúÅöãóÇãóÉö ËóÇÈöÊóÉñ áöÂÎóÑöíäó ãöäú ÞõÑóíúÔò ßóËõÈõæÊöåóÇ áöåóÄõáóÇÁö¡ æóåõãú Ãóåúáñ Ãóäú íóÊóæóáøóæõÇ ÇáúÅöãóÇãóÉó¡ ÝóáóÇ ãõæÌöÈó áöáÊøóÎúÕöíÕö¡ æóáóãú íóÕöíÑõæÇ ÈöÐóáößó ÃóÆöãøóÉð.
ÇáËøóÇáöËõ: Ãóäøó ÇáËøóÇäöíó ÚóÔóÑó ãöäúåõãú ãóÚúÏõæãñ ÚöäúÏó ÌõãúåõæÑö ÇáúÚõÞóáóÇÁö ; ÝóÇãúÊóäóÚó Ãóäú íóßõæäó ÅöãóÇãðÇ.
ÇáÑøóÇÈöÚõ: Ãóäøó ÇáúÚóÓúßóÑöíøóíúäö æóäóÍúæóåõãóÇ ãöäú ØóÈóÞóÉö ÃóãúËóÇáöåöãóÇ áóãú íõÚúáóãú áóåóÇ ÊóÈúÑöíÒñ Ýöí Úöáúãò Ãóæú Ïöíäò¡ ßóãóÇ ÚõÑöÝó áöÚóáöíøö Èúäö ÇáúÍõÓóíúäö¡ æóÃóÈöí ÌóÚúÝóÑò¡ æóÌóÚúÝóÑö Èúäö ãõÍóãøóÏò.
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(1) Ýöí (ß) Õ 193 (ã) .
(2) ã: Ãóäú ÊõÚúÊóÞóÏó(8/263)
[ÈÇÈ ÇáÝÕá ÇáÎÇãÓ ãä ßáÇã ÇáÑÇÝÖí Ãä ãä ÊÞÏã ÚáíÇ áã íßä ÅãÇãÇ æÇáÑÏ Úáíå]
ÈóÇÈñ
ÞóÇáó ÇáÑøóÇÝöÖöíøõ (1) : " ÇáúÝóÕúáõ ÇáúÎóÇãöÓõ: Ãóäøó (2) ãóäú ÊóÞóÏøóãóåõ áóãú íóßõäú ÅöãóÇãðÇ. æóíóÏõáøõ Úóáóíúåö æõÌõæåñ (3) ".
ÞõáúÊõ: æóÇáúÌóæóÇÈõ: Ãóäøóåõ Åöäú ÃõÑöíÏó ÈöÐóáößó Ãóäøóåõãú áóãú íóÊóæóáøóæúÇ Úóáóì ÇáúãõÓúáöãöíäó¡ æóáóãú íõÈóÇíöÚúåõãõ ÇáúãõÓúáöãõæäó¡ æóáóãú íóßõäú áóåõãú ÓõáúØóÇäñ íõÞöíãõæäó Èöåö ÇáúÍõÏõæÏó (4) ¡ æóíõæóÝøõæäó Èöåö ÇáúÍõÞõæÞó¡ æóíõÌóÇåöÏõæäó Èöåö ÇáúÚóÏõæøó¡ æóíõÕóáøõæäó ÈöÇáúãõÓúáöãöíäó ÇáúÌõãóÚó æóÇáúÃóÚúíóÇÏó¡ æóÛóíúÑó Ðóáößó ãöãøóÇ åõæó ÏóÇÎöáñ Ýöí ãóÚúäóì ÇáúÅöãóÇãóÉö - ÝóåóÐóÇ ÈõåúÊñ æóãõßóÇÈóÑóÉñ. ÝóÅöäøó åóÐóÇ ÃóãúÑñ ãóÚúáõæãñ ÈöÇáÊøóæóÇÊõÑö¡ æóÇáÑøóÇÝöÖóÉõ æóÛóíúÑõåõãú íóÚúáóãõæäó Ðóáößó¡ æóáóæú áóãú íóÊóæóáøóæõÇ ÇáúÅöãóÇãóÉó áóãú ÊóÞúÏóÍú Ýöíåöãõ ÇáÑøóÇÝöÖóÉõ.
áóßöäú åõãú íõØúáöÞõæäó ËõÈõæÊó ÇáúÅöãóÇãóÉö æóÇäúÊöÝóÇÁóåóÇ æóáóÇ íõÝóÕøöáõæäó (5) : åóáö ÇáúãõÑóÇÏõ ËõÈõæÊõ äóÝúÓö ÇáúÅöãóÇãóÉö æóãõÈóÇÔóÑóÊõåóÇ¿ Ãóæú äóÝúÓõ ÇÓúÊöÍúÞóÇÞö æöáóÇíóÉö ÇáúÅöãóÇãóÉö¿
æóíõØúáöÞõæäó áóÝúÙó " ÇáúÅöãóÇãö " Úóáóì ÇáËøóÇäöí¡ æóíõæåöãõæäó Ãóäøóåõ íóÊóäóÇæóáõ ÇáäøóæúÚóíúäö.
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(1) Ýöí (ß) Õ 194 (ã) . æóÝöí åóÇãöÔö (ß) ÃóãóÇãó åóÐóÇ ÇáúãóæúÖöÚö ßõÊöÈó ãóÇ íóáöí: " Ýöí ÈõØúáóÇäö ÅöãóÇãóÉö ÇáËøóáóÇËóÉö ".
(2) ß: Ýöí Ãóäøó.
(3) ß: æóíóÏõáøõ Úóáóíúåö ãöäú æõÌõæåò.
(4) ã: ÇáúÍóÏøó.
(5) ä: æóáóÇ íõÝóÖøöáõæäó¡ æóåõæó ÊóÍúÑöíÝñ.(8/264)
æóÅöäú ÃõÑöíÏó ÈöÐóáößó Ãóäøóåõãú áóãú íóßõæäõæÇ íóÕúáõÍõæäó áöáúÅöãóÇãóÉö¡ æóÃóäøó ÚóáöíøðÇ ßóÇäó íóÕúáõÍõ áóåóÇ Ïõæäóåõãú¡ Ãóæú Ãóäøóåõ ßóÇäó ÃóÕúáóÍó áóåóÇ ãöäúåõãú - ÝóåóÐóÇ ßóÐöÈñ¡ æóåõæó ãóæúÑöÏõ ÇáäøöÒóÇÚö.
æóäóÍúäõ äõÌöíÈõ Ýöí Ðóáößó ÌóæóÇÈðÇ ÚóÇãøðÇ ßõáøöíøðÇ¡ Ëõãøó äõÌöíÈõ ÈöÇáÊøóÝúÕöíáö.
ÃóãøóÇ ÇáúÌóæóÇÈõ ÇáúÚóÇãøõ Çáúßõáøöíøõ ÝóäóÞõæáõ: äóÍúäõ ÚóÇáöãõæäó Èößóæúäöåöãú ÃóÆöãøóÉð ÕóÇáöÍöíäó áöáúÅöãóÇãóÉö ÚöáúãðÇ íóÞöíäðÇ ÞóØúÚöíøðÇ¡ æóåóÐóÇ áóÇ íóÊóäóÇÒóÚõ Ýöíåö ÇËúäóÇäö ãöäú ØóæóÇÆöÝö ÇáúãõÓúáöãöíäó ÛóíúÑó ÇáÑøóÇÝöÖóÉö¡ Èóáú ÃóÆöãøóÉõ ÇáúÃõãøóÉö æóÌõãúåõæÑõåóÇ íóÞõæáõæäó: ÅöäøóÇ äóÚúáóãõ Ãóäøóåõãú ßóÇäõæÇ ÃóÍóÞøó ÈöÇáúÅöãóÇãóÉö¡ Èóáú íóÞõæáõæäó: ÅöäøóÇ äóÚúáóãõ Ãóäøóåõãú ßóÇäõæÇ ÃóÝúÖóáó ÇáúÃõãøóÉö.
æóåóÐóÇ ÇáøóÐöí äóÚúáóãõåõ æóäóÞúØóÚõ Èöåö æóäóÌúÒöãõ Èöåö áóÇ íõãúßöäõ Ãóäú íõÚóÇÑóÖó ÈöÏóáöíáò ÞóØúÚöíøò æóáóÇ Ùóäøöíøò. ÃóãøóÇ ÇáúÞóØúÚöíøõ: ÝóáöÃóäøó ÇáúÞóØúÚöíøóÇÊö áóÇ íóÊóäóÇÞóÖõ ãõæÌöÈõåóÇ æóãõÞúÊóÖóÇåóÇ. æóÃóãøóÇ ÇáÙøóäøöíøóÇÊõ: ÝóáöÃóäøó ÇáÙøóäøöíøó áóÇ íõÚóÇÑöÖõ ÇáúÞóØúÚöíøó.
æóÌõãúáóÉõ Ðóáößó Ãóäøó ßõáøó ãóÇ íõæÑöÏõåõ ÇáúÞóÇÏöÍõ ÝóáóÇ íóÎúáõæ Úóäú ÃóãúÑóíúäö: ÅöãøóÇ äóÞúáñ áóÇ äóÚúáóãõ ÕöÍøóÊóåõ¡ Ãóæú áóÇ äóÚúáóãõ ÏóáóÇáóÊóåõ Úóáóì ÈõØúáóÇäö ÅöãóÇãóÊöåöãú¡ æóÃóíøõ ÇáúãõÞóÏøöãóÊóíúäö áóãú íóßõäú ãóÚúáõæãðÇ áóãú íóÕúáõÍú áöãõÚóÇÑóÖóÊöåö ãóÇ Úõáöãó ÞóØúÚðÇ.
æóÅöÐóÇ ÞóÇãó ÇáÏøóáöíáõ ÇáúÞóØúÚöíøõ Úóáóì ËõÈõæÊö ÅöãóÇãóÊöåöãú¡ áóãú íóßõäú ÚóáóíúäóÇ Ãóäú äõÌöíÈó Úóäö ÇáÔøõÈóåö (1) ÇáúãõÝóÖøöáóÉö¡ ßóãóÇ Ãóäøó ãóÇ ÚóáöãúäóÇåõ ÞóØúÚðÇ áóãú íóßõäú ÚóáóíúäóÇ Ãóäú äõÌöíÈó ÚóãøóÇ íõÚóÇÑöÖõåõ ãöäó ÇáÔøõÈóåö ÇáÓøõæÝöÓúØóÇÆöíøóÉö.
æóáóíúÓó áöÃóÍóÏò Ãóäú íóÏúÝóÚó ãóÇ Úõáöãó ÃóíúÖðÇ íóÞöíäðÇ ÈöÇáÙøóäøö¡ ÓóæóÇÁñ ßóÇäó äóÇÙöÑðÇ Ãóæú ãõäóÇÙöÑðÇ. Èóáú Åöäú ÊóÈóíøóäó áóåõ æóÌúåõ ÝóÓóÇÏö ÇáÔøõÈúåóÉö æóÈóíøóäóåõ áöÛóíúÑöåö¡ ßóÇäó Ðóáößó ÒöíóÇÏóÉó Úöáúãò æóãóÚúÑöÝóÉò
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(1) ä¡ ã¡ Ó: ÇáÓøõäøóÉö¡ æóåõæó ÊóÍúÑöíÝñ.(8/265)
æóÊóÃúíöíÏò áöáúÍóÞøö (1) Ýöí ÇáäøóÙóÑö æóÇáúãõäóÇÙóÑóÉö¡ æóÅöäú áóãú íóÊóÈóíøóäú Ðóáößó áóãú íóßõäú áóåõ Ãóäú íóÏúÝóÚó ÇáúíóÞöíäó ÈöÇáÔøóßøö. æóÓóäõÈóíøöäõ Åöäú ÔóÇÁó Çááøóåõ ÊóÚóÇáóì ÇáúÃóÏöáøóÉó ÇáúßóËöíÑóÉó Úóáóì ÇÓúÊöÍúÞóÇÞöåöãú áöáúÅöãóÇãóÉö¡ æóÃóäøóåõãú ßóÇäõæÇ ÃóÍóÞøó ÈöåóÇ ãöäú ÛóíúÑöåöãú (2) .
[ÝÕá ÞÇá ÇáÑÇÝÖí ÇáÃæá Þæá ÃÈí ÈßÑ Åä áí ÔíØÇäÇ íÚÊÑíäí æÇáÑÏ Úáíå]
ÝóÕúáñ
ÞóÇáó ÇáÑøóÇÝöÖöíøõ (3) : ÇáúÃóæøóáõ: " Þóæúáõ ÃóÈöí ÈóßúÑò: Åöäøó áöí ÔóíúØóÇäðÇ íóÚúÊóÑöíäöí¡ ÝóÅöäö ÇÓúÊóÞóãúÊõ ÝóÃóÚöíäõæäöí¡ æóÅöäú ÒõÛúÊõ ÝóÞóæøöãõæäöí. æóãöäú ÔóÃúäö ÇáúÅöãóÇãö Êóßúãöíáõ ÇáÑøóÚöíøóÉö¡ ÝóßóíúÝó íóØúáõÈõ ãöäúåõãõ ÇáúßóãóÇáó¿ "
æóÇáúÌóæóÇÈõ ãöäú æõÌõæåò: ÃóÍóÏõåóÇ: Ãóäøó ÇáúãóÃúËõæÑó Úóäúåõ Ãóäøóåõ ÞóÇáó: " Åöäøó áöí ÔóíúØóÇäðÇ íóÚúÊóÑöíäöí " íóÚúäöí [ÚöäúÏó] (4) ÇáúÛóÖóÈö " ÝóÅöÐóÇ ÇÚúÊóÑóÇäöí ÝóÇÌúÊóäöÈõæäöí áóÇ ÃõÄóËøöÑõ Ýöí ÃóÈúÔóÇÑößõãú (5) ". æóÞóÇáó: " ÃóØöíÚõæäöí ãóÇ ÃóØóÚúÊõ Çááøóåó¡ ÝóÅöäú ÚóÕóíúÊõ Çááøóåó ÝóáóÇ ØóÇÚóÉó áöí Úóáóíúßõãú ". æóåóÐóÇ ÇáøóÐöí ÞóÇáóåõ ÃóÈõæ ÈóßúÑò - ÑóÖöíó Çááøóåõ Úóäúåõ - ãöäú ÃóÚúÙóãö ãóÇ íõãúÏóÍõ Èöåö¡ ßóãóÇ ÓóäõÈóíøöäõåõ Åöäú ÔóÇÁó Çááøóåõ ÊóÚóÇáóì.
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(1) ä¡ Ó¡ È: Ýöí ÇáúÍóÞøö.
(2) ä¡ ã: ãöäú ÛóíúÑöåóÇ.
(3) Ýöí (ß) Õ 194 (ã) .
(4) ÚöäúÏó: ÓóÇÞöØóÉñ ãöäú ÌóãöíÚö ÇáäøõÓóÎö. æóÅöËúÈóÇÊõåóÇ íóÞúÊóÖöíåö ÓöíóÇÞõ ÇáúßóáóÇãö.
(5) ä¡ Ó: ÃõæËöÑõ Ýöí ÅöíËóÇÑößõãú¡ ã¡ È: ÃõæÊöÑõ Ýöí ÅöíÊóÇÑößõãú æóæóÌóÏúÊõ åóÐóÇ ÇáäøóÕøó Ýöí ßöÊóÇÈö " ÃóÈõæ ÈóßúÑò ÇáÕøöÏøöíÞõ " áöáúÃõÓúÊóÇÐö Úóáöíøò ÇáØøóäúØóÇæöíøö (Ø. ÇáúãóØúÈóÚóÉö ÇáÓøóáóÝöíøóÉö¡ ÇáØøóÈúÚóÉö ÇáËøóÇäöíóÉö¡ ÇáúÞóÇåöÑóÉö 1372) äóÞúáðÇ Úóäú ãõÎúÊóÕóÑö ÇáúãõæóÇÝóÞóÉö áöáÒøóãóÎúÔóÑöíøö¡ æóäóÕøõåõ Ýöíåö: " æóÇÚúáóãõæÇ ÃóäøóãóÇ ÃóäóÇ ÈóÔóÑñ æóãóÚöí ÔóíúØóÇäñ íóÚúÊóÑöíäöí ÝóÅöÐóÇ ÑóÃóíúÊõãõæäöí ÛóÖöÈúÊõ ÝóÞõæãõæÇ Úóäøöí¡ áóÇ ÃõÄóËøöÑõ Ýöí ÃóÔúÚóÇÑößõãú æóÃóÈúÔóÇÑößõãú " ÝóáóÚóáøó ÇáÕøóæóÇÈó ãóÇ ÃóËúÈóÊøõåõ.(8/266)
ÇáËøóÇäöí: Ãóäøó ÇáÔøóíúØóÇäó ÇáøóÐöí íóÚúÊóÑöíåö ÞóÏú ÝõÓøöÑó ÈöÃóäøóåõ íóÚúÑöÖõ áöÇÈúäö ÂÏóãó ÚöäúÏó ÇáúÛóÖóÈö¡ ÝóÎóÇÝó ÚöäúÏó ÇáúÛóÖóÈö Ãóäú íóÚúÊóÏöíó Úóáóì ÃóÍóÏò ãöäó ÇáÑøóÚöíøóÉö ; ÝóÃóãóÑóåõãú ÈöãõÌóÇäóÈóÊöåö ÚöäúÏó ÇáúÛóÖóÈö.
ßóãóÇ ËóÈóÊó Ýöí ÇáÕøóÍöíÍö Úóäö ÇáäøóÈöíøö - Õóáøóì Çááøóåõ Úóáóíúåö æóÓóáøóãó - Ãóäøóåõ ÞóÇáó: " «áóÇ íóÞúÖöí ÇáúÞóÇÖöí Èóíúäó ÇËúäóíúäö æóåõæó ÛóÖúÈóÇäõ» " (1) ; Ýóäóåóì Úóäö ÇáúÍõßúãö ÚöäúÏó (2) ÇáúÛóÖóÈö¡ æóåóÐóÇ åõæó ÇáøóÐöí ÃóÑóÇÏóåõ (3) ÃóÈõæ ÈóßúÑò¡ ÃóÑóÇÏó Ãóäú áóÇ íóÍúßõãó æóÞúÊó ÇáúÛóÖóÈö¡ æóÃóãóÑóåõãú (4) Ãóäú áóÇ íóØúáõÈõæÇ ãöäúåõ ÍõßúãðÇ¡ Ãóæú íóÍúãöáõæåõ (5) Úóáóì Íõßúãò Ýöí åóÐóÇ ÇáúÍóÇáö. æóåóÐóÇ ãöäú ØóÇÚóÊöåö áöáøóåö æóÑóÓõæáöåö.
ÇáËøóÇáöËõ: Ãóäú íõÞóÇáó: ÇáúÛóÖóÈõ íóÚúÊóÑöí Èóäöí ÂÏóãó ßõáøóåõãú¡ ÍóÊøóì ÞóÇáó ÓóíøöÏõ æóáóÏö ÂÏóãó: " «Çááøóåõãøó ÅöäøóãóÇ ÃóäóÇ ÈóÔóÑñ ÃóÛúÖóÈõ ßóãóÇ íóÛúÖóÈõ ÇáúÈóÔóÑõ¡ æóÅöäøöí ÇÊøóÎóÐúÊõ ÚöäúÏóßó ÚóåúÏðÇ áóäú ÊõÎúáöÝóäöíåö (6) : ÃóíøõãóÇ ãõÄúãöäò ÂÐóíúÊõåõ Ãóæú ÓóÈóÈúÊõåõ Ãóæú ÌóáóÏúÊõåõ ÝóÇÌúÚóáúåóÇ áóåõ ßóÝøóÇÑóÉð
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(1) ÇáúÍóÏöíËõ - ãóÚó ÇÎúÊöáóÇÝò Ýöí ÇáúÃóáúÝóÇÙö - Úóäú ÚóÈúÏö ÇáÑøóÍúãóäö Èúäö ÃóÈöí ÈóßúÑóÉó Úóäú ÃóÈöíåö ÃóÈöí ÈóßúÑóÉó - ÑóÖöíó Çááøóåõ Úóäúåõ - Ýöí ÇáúÈõÎóÇÑöíøö 9/65 (ßöÊóÇÈõ ÇáúÃóÍúßóÇãö¡ ÈóÇÈõ åóáú íóÞúÖöí ÇáúÍóÇßöãõ Ãóæú íõÝúÊöí æóåõæó ÛóÖúÈóÇäõ) æóáóÝúÙõåõ: " áóÇ íóÞúÖöíóäøó ÍõßúãðÇ Èóíúäó ÇËúäóíúäö æóåõæó ÛóÖúÈóÇäõ ". æóÇáúÍóÏöíËõ Ýöí: ãõÓúáöãò 3/1342 - 1343 (ßöÊóÇÈõ ÇáúÃóÞúÖöíóÉö¡ ÈóÇÈõ ßóÑóÇåóÉö ÞóÖóÇÁö ÇáúÞóÇÖöí æóåõæó ÛóÖúÈóÇäõ) . æóÇáúÍóÏöíËõ Ýöí: Óõäóäö ÃóÈöí ÏóÇæõÏó æóÇáÊøöÑúãöÐöíøö æóÇáäøóÓóÇÆöíøö æóÇÈúäö ãóÇÌóåú æóãõÓúäóÏö ÃóÍúãóÏó.
(2) È: Ýöí.
(3) Ó¡ È: ÃóÑóÇÏó.
(4) ã: ÝóÃóãóÑóåõãú.
(5) ä¡ ã¡ Ó: Ãóæú íóÍúãöáõæäóåõ.
(6) ä¡ ã¡ Ó: áóäú ÊóÎúáõÝóåõ.(8/267)
æóÞõÑúÈóÉð ÊõÞóÑøöÈõåõ Åöáóíúßó íóæúãó ÇáúÞöíóÇãóÉö» " ÃóÎúÑóÌóÇåõ Ýöí ÇáÕøóÍöíÍóíúäö Úóäú ÃóÈöí åõÑóíúÑóÉó (1) .
æóÃóÎúÑóÌóåõ ãõÓúáöãñ Úóäú ÚóÇÆöÔóÉó ÞóÇáó: «ÏóÎóáó ÑóÌõáóÇäö Úóáóì ÇáäøóÈöíøö - Õóáøóì Çááøóåõ Úóáóíúåö æóÓóáøóãó - ÝóÃóÛúÖóÈóÇåõ ; ÝóÓóÈøóåõãóÇ æóáóÚóäóåõãóÇ¡ ÝóáóãøóÇ ÎóÑóÌóÇ ÞõáúÊõ: íóÇ ÑóÓõæáó Çááøóåö ãóäú (2) ÃóÕóÇÈó ãöäó ÇáúÎóíúÑö ãóÇ ÃóÕóÇÈó åóÐóÇäö [ÇáÑøóÌõáóÇäö] (3) . ÞóÇáó: " æóãóÇ ÐóÇßó¿ " ÞõáúÊõ: áóÚóäúÊóåõãóÇ æóÓóÈóÈúÊóåõãóÇ. ÞóÇáó: " ÃóæóãóÇ ÚóáöãúÊö ãóÇ ÔóÇÑóØúÊõ Úóáóíúåö ÑóÈøöí¿ . ÞõáúÊõ: ÅöäøóãóÇ ÃóäóÇ ÈóÔóÑñ ÝóÃóíøõ ÇáúãõÓúáöãöíäó ÓóÈóÈúÊõåõ Ãóæú áóÚóäúÊõåõ (4) ÝóÇÌúÚóáúåõ áóåõ ÒóßóÇÉð æóÃóÌúÑðÇ» (5) "¡ æóÝöí ÑöæóÇíóÉö ÃóäóÓò: " «Åöäøöí ÇÔúÊóÑóØúÊõ Úóáóì ÑóÈøöí¡ ÝóÞõáúÊõ: ÅöäøóãóÇ ÃóäóÇ ÈóÔóÑñ ÃóÑúÖóì ßóãóÇ íóÑúÖóì ÇáúÈóÔóÑõ¡ æóÃóÛúÖóÈõ ßóãóÇ íóÛúÖóÈõ ÇáúÈóÔóÑõ¡ ÝóÃóíøõãóÇ ÃóÍóÏò ÏóÚóæúÊõ Úóáóíúåö ãöäú
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(1) ÇáúÍóÏöíËõ ãóÚó ÇÎúÊöáóÇÝò Ýöí ÇáúÃóáúÝóÇÙö Úóäú ÃóÈöí åõÑóíúÑóÉó - ÑóÖöíó Çááøóåõ Úóäúåõ - Ýöí ÇáúÈõÎóÇÑöíøö 8/77 (ßöÊóÇÈõ ÇáÏøóÚóæóÇÊö¡ ÈóÇÈõ Þóæúáö ÇáäøóÈöíøö - Õóáøóì Çááøóåõ Úóáóíúåö æóÓóáøóãó -: ãóäú ÂÐóíúÊõåõ ÝóÇÌúÚóáúåõ áóåõ ÒóßóÇÉð æóÑóÍúãóÉð) ãõÓúáöãò 4/2008 - 2009 (ßöÊóÇÈõ ÇáúÈöÑøö æóÇáÕøöáóÉö æóÇáúÂÏóÇÈö¡ ÈóÇÈõ ãóäú áóÚóäóåõ ÇáäøóÈöíøõ - Õóáøóì Çááøóåõ Úóáóíúåö æóÓóáøóãó - Ãóæú ÓóÈøóåõ Ãóæú ÏóÚóÇ Úóáóíúåö. . . ÅöáóÎú) æóÌóÇÁó ÍóÏöíËñ ãõÞóÇÑöÈñ Ýöí ãóÚúäóÇåõ æóáóÝúÙöåö áöÍóÏöíËö ÃóÈöí åõÑóíúÑóÉó Úóäú ÓóáúãóÇäó - ÑóÖöíó Çááøóåõ ÚóäúåõãóÇ - Ýöí Óõäóäö ÃóÈöí ÏóÇæõÏó 4/298 (ßöÊóÇÈõ ÇáÓøõäøóÉö¡ ÈóÇÈñ Ýöí Çáäøóåúíö Úóäú ÓóÈøö ÃóÕúÍóÇÈö ÑóÓõæáö Çááøóåö - Õóáøóì Çááøóåõ Úóáóíúåö æóÓóáøóãó) . æóÌóÇÁó ÍóÏöíËõ ÃóÈöí åõÑóíúÑóÉó ãõÎúÊóÕóÑðÇ Ýöí ÇáúãõÓúäóÏö (Ø. ÇáúãóÚóÇÑöÝö ÇáúÃóÑúÞóÇãõ: 7309¡ 8184¡ ßóãóÇ ÌóÇÁó ÍóÏöíËõ ÓóáúãóÇäó Ýöí ÇáúãõÓúäóÏö (Ø. ÇáúÍóáóÈöíøö) 5/437.
(2) ä: áöãóäú¡ ã: Ãóáöãóäú
(3) ÇáÑøóÌõáóÇäö: ÓóÇÞöØóÉñ ãöäú (ä) ¡ (ã) .
(4) ä¡ ã: áóÚóäúÊõåõ Ãóæú ÓóÈóÈúÊõåõ.
(5) ÇáúÍóÏöíËõ Úóäú ÚóÇÆöÔóÉó - ÑóÖöíó Çááøóåõ ÚóäúåóÇ - Ýöí ãõÓúáöãò 4/2007 (ßöÊóÇÈõ ÇáúÈöÑøö æóÇáÕøöáóÉö æóÇáúÂÏóÇÈö¡ ÈóÇÈõ ãóäú áóÚóäóåõ ÇáäøóÈöíøõ - Õóáøóì Çááøóåõ Úóáóíúåö æóÓóáøóãó -. . ÅöáóÎú) . æóÌóÇÁó ÍóÏöíËñ ÂÎóÑõ Úóäú ÚóÇÆöÔóÉó ãõÞóÇÑöÈñ Ýöí ÇáúãóÚúäóì æóÇááøóÝúÙö Ýöí: ÇáúãõÓúäóÏö (Ø. ÇáúÍóáóÈöíøö) 6/52.(8/268)
ÃõãøóÊöí ÈöÏóÚúæóÉò áóíúÓó (1) áóåóÇ ÈöÃóåúáò Ãóäú íóÌúÚóáóåóÇ áóåõ ØóåõæÑðÇ æóÒóßóÇÉð æóÞõÑúÈóÉð» " (2) .
æóÃóíúÖðÇ ÝóãõæÓóì ÑóÓõæáñ ßóÑöíãñ¡ æóÞóÏú ÃóÎúÈóÑó Çááøóåõ Úóäú (3) ÛóÖóÈöåö ÈöãóÇ ÐóßóÑóåõ Ýöí ßöÊóÇÈöåö (4) .
ÝóÅöÐóÇ ßóÇäó ãöËúáõ åóÐóÇ áóÇ íóÞúÏóÍõ Ýöí ÇáÑøöÓóÇáóÉö¡ ÝóßóíúÝó íóÞúÏóÍõ Ýöí ÇáúÅöãóÇãóÉö¿ ! ãóÚó Ãóäøó ÇáäøóÈöíøó - Õóáøóì Çááøóåõ Úóáóíúåö æóÓóáøóãó - ÔóÈøóåó ÃóÈóÇ ÈóßúÑò ÈöÅöÈúÑóÇåöíãó æóÚöíÓóì Ýöí áöíäöåö æóÍöáúãöåö¡ æóÔóÈøóåó ÚõãóÑó ÈöäõæÍò æóãõæÓóì Ýöí ÔöÏøóÊöåö Ýöí Çááøóåö. ÝóÅöÐóÇ ßóÇäóÊú åóÐöåö ÇáÔøöÏøóÉõ áóÇ ÊõäóÇÝöí ÇáúÅöãóÇãóÉó¡ ÝóßóíúÝó ÊõäóÇÝöíåóÇ ÔöÏøóÉõ ÃóÈöí ÈóßúÑò¿ !
ÇáÑøóÇÈöÚõ: Ãóäú íõÞóÇáó: ÃóÈõæ ÈóßúÑò - ÑóÖöíó Çááøóåõ Úóäúåõ - ÞóÕóÏó ÈöÐóáößó ÇáöÇÍúÊöÑóÇÒó (5) Ãóäú íõÄúÐöíó ÃóÍóÏðÇ ãöäúåõãú¡ ÝóÃóíøõãóÇ (6) Ãóßúãóáõ: åóÐóÇ Ãóæú ÛóíúÑõåõ ãöãøóäú ÛóÖöÈó Úóáóì ãóäú ÚóÕóÇåõ¡ æóÞóÇÊóáóåõãú æóÞóÇÊóáõæåõ ÈöÇáÓøóíúÝö¡ æóÓóÝóßó ÏöãóÇÁóåõãú¿
ÝóÅöäú Þöíáó: ßóÇäõæÇ íóÓúÊóÍöÞøõæäó ÇáúÞöÊóÇáó ÈöãóÚúÕöíóÉö ÇáúÅöãóÇãö æóÅöÛúÖóÇÈöåö.
Þöíáó: æóãóäú ÚóÕóì ÃóÈóÇ ÈóßúÑò æóÃóÛúÖóÈóåõ ßóÇäó ÃóÍóÞøó ÈöÐóáößó¡ áóßöäøó ÃóÈóÇ ÈóßúÑò ÊóÑóßó ãóÇ íóÓúÊóÍöÞøõåõ¡ Åöäú ßóÇäó Úóáöíøñ íóÓúÊóÍöÞøõ Ðóáößó¡ æóÅöáøóÇ ÝóíóãúÊóäöÚõ Ãóäú íõÞóÇáó: ãóäú ÚóÕóì
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(1) ã: æóáóíúÓó
(2) ÇáúÍóÏöíËõ Úóäú ÃóäóÓö Èúäö ãóÇáößò - ÑóÖöíó Çááøóåõ Úóäúåõ - Ýöí ãõÓúáöãò 4/2009 - 2010 (ßöÊóÇÈõ ÇáúÈöÑøö æóÇáÕøöáóÉö æóÇáúÂÏóÇÈö¡ ÈóÇÈõ ãóäú áóÚóäóåõ ÇáäøóÈöíøõ - Õóáøóì Çááøóåõ Úóáóíúåö æóÓóáøóãó -. . ÅöáóÎú) .
(3) ä¡ ã¡ Ó: ãóäøó
(4) ÐóßóÑó Çááøóåõ - ÊóÈóÇÑóßó æóÊóÚóÇáóì - ÛóÖóÈó ãõæÓóì - Úóáóíúåö ÇáÕøóáóÇÉõ æóÇáÓøóáóÇãõ - Ýöí ÃóßúËóÑó ãöäú ãóæúÖöÚò¡ ãöËúáó Þóæúáöåö ÊóÚóÇáóì: (æóáóãøóÇ ÓóßóÊó Úóäú ãõæÓóì ÇáúÛóÖóÈõ ÃóÎóÐó ÇáúÃóáúæóÇÍó. .) ÇáúÂíóÉó [ÓõæÑóÉõ ÇáúÃóÚúÑóÇÝö: 154] ¡ æóÞóæúáöåö: (ÝóÑóÌóÚó ãõæÓóì Åöáóì Þóæúãöåö ÛóÖúÈóÇäó ÃóÓöÝðÇ. .) [ÓõæÑóÉõ Øå 86] .
(5) È: ÇÍúÊöÑóÇÒó.
(6) ä¡ ã: ÝóÅöäøóãóÇ¡ æóåõæó ÊóÍúÑöíÝñ.(8/269)
ÚóáöíøðÇ æóÃóÛúÖóÈóåõ ÌóÇÒó Ãóäøóåõ íõÞóÇÊöáõåõ¡ æóãóäú ÚóÕóì ÃóÈóÇ ÈóßúÑò áóãú íóÌõÒú áóåõ ÊóÃúÏöíÈõåõ ; ÝóÏóáøó Úóáóì Ãóäøó ãóÇ ÝóÚóáóåõ ÃóÈõæ ÈóßúÑò Ãóßúãóáõ (1) ãöäó ÇáøóÐöí ÝóÚóáóåõ Úóáöíøñ.
æóÝöí ÇáúãõÓúäóÏö æóÛóíúÑöåö Úóäú ÃóÈöí ÈóÑúÒóÉó Ãóäøó ÑóÌõáðÇ ÃóÛúÖóÈó ÃóÈóÇ ÈóßúÑò. ÞóÇáó (2) : ÝóÞõáúÊõ áóåõ: ÃóÊóÃúÐóäõ áöí Ãóäú ÃóÖúÑöÈó ÚõäõÞóåõ íóÇ ÎóáöíÝóÉó ÑóÓõæáö Çááøóåö¿ ÞóÇáó: ÝóÃóÐúåóÈóÊú ßóáöãóÊöí ÛóÖóÈóåõ¡ Ëõãøó ÞóÇáó: ãóÇ ßóÇäóÊú áöÃóÍóÏò ÈóÚúÏó ÑóÓõæáö Çááøóåö - Õóáøóì Çááøóåõ Úóáóíúåö æóÓóáøóãó (3) . Ýóáóãú íóÓúÊóÍöáøó Ãóäú íóÞúÊõáó ãõÓúáöãðÇ ÈöãõÌóÑøóÏö ãõÎóÇáóÝóÉö ÃóãúÑöåö.
æóÇáúÚõáóãóÇÁõ Ýöí ÍóÏöíËö ÃóÈöí ÈóÑúÒóÉó Úóáóì Þóæúáóíúäö: ãöäúåõãú ãóäú íóÞõæáõ: ãõÑóÇÏõåõ Ãóäøóåõ áóãú íóßõäú áöÃóÍóÏò Ãóäú íóÞúÊõáó ÃóÍóÏðÇ ÓóÈøóåõ ÅöáøóÇ ÇáÑøóÓõæáõ - Õóáøóì Çááøóåõ Úóáóíúåö æóÓóáøóãó. æóãöäúåõãú ãóäú íóÞõæáõ: ãóÇ ßóÇäó áöÃóÍóÏò Ãóäú íóÍúßõãó ÈöÚöáúãöåö Ýöí ÇáÏøöãóÇÁö ÅöáøóÇ ÇáÑøóÓõæáõ.
æóÞóÏú ÊóÎóáøóÝó Úóäú ÈóíúÚóÊöåö ÓóÚúÏõ Èúäõ ÚõÈóÇÏóÉó¡ ÝóãóÇ ÂÐóÇåõ ÈößóáöãóÉò¡ ÝóÖúáðÇ Úóäú ÝöÚúáò. æóÞóÏú Þöíáó: Åöäøó ÚóáöíøðÇ æóÛóíúÑóåõ ÇãúÊóäóÚõæÇ Úóäú ÈóíúÚóÊöåö ÓöÊøóÉó ÃóÔúåõÑò¡ ÝóãóÇ ÃóÒúÚóÌóåõãú¡ æóáóÇ (4) ÃóáúÒóãóåõãú ÈóíúÚóÊóåõ. Ýóåóáú åóÐóÇ ßõáøõåõ ÅöáøóÇ ãöäú ßóãóÇáö æóÑóÚöåö Úóäú ÃóÐóì ÇáúÃõãøóÉö¡ æóßóãóÇáö ÚóÏúáöåö æóÊóÞúæóÇåõ¿
æóåóßóÐóÇ Þóæúáõåõ: ÝóÅöÐóÇ ÇÚúÊóÑóÇäöí ÝóÇÌúÊóäöÈõæäöí.
ÇáúÎóÇãöÓõ: Ãóäøó Ýöí ÇáÕøóÍöíÍö Úóäö ÇÈúäö ãóÓúÚõæÏò Úóäö ÇáäøóÈöíøö - Õóáøóì Çááøóåõ Úóáóíúåö
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(1) Ó¡ È: ÃóßúÈóÑõ.
(2) ÞóÇáó: ÓóÇÞöØóÉñ ãöäú (ã) .
(3) ÇáúÍóÏöíËõ - ãóÚó ÇÎúÊöáóÇÝò Ýöí ÇáúÃóáúÝóÇÙö - Úóäú ÃóÈöí ÈóÑúÒóÉó ÇáúÃóÓúáóãöíøö - ÑóÖöíó Çááøóåõ Úóäúåõ - Ýöí: Óõäóäö ÇáäøóÓóÇÆöíøö 7/100 - 102 (ßöÊóÇÈõ ÊóÍúÑöíãö ÇáÏøóãö¡ ÈóÇÈõ ÇáúÍõßúãö Ýöíãóäú ÓóÈøó ÇáäøóÈöíøó - Õóáøóì Çááøóåõ Úóáóíúåö æóÓóáøóãó -¡ ÈóÇÈõ ÐößúÑö ÇáöÇÎúÊöáóÇÝö Úóáóì ÇáúÃóÚúãóÔö. .) .
(4) Ó¡ È: æóãóÇ.(8/270)
æóÓóáøóãó - Ãóäøóåõ ÞóÇáó: " «ãóÇ ãöäúßõãú ãöäú ÃóÍóÏò ÅöáøóÇ æõßøöáó Èöåö ÞóÑöíäõåõ ãöäó ÇáúÌöäøö ". ÞóÇáõæÇ: æóÅöíøóÇßó íóÇ ÑóÓõæáó Çááøóåö¿ ÞóÇáó: " æóÅöíøóÇíó¡ æóáóßöäøó ÑóÈøöí ÃóÚóÇäóäöí Úóáóíúåö (1) ÝóÃóÓúáóãó¡ ÝóáóÇ íóÃúãõÑõäöí ÅöáøóÇ ÈöÎóíúÑò» " (2) .
æóÝöí ÇáÕøóÍöíÍö «Úóäú ÚóÇÆöÔóÉó ÞóÇáóÊú: íóÇ ÑóÓõæáó Çááøóåö ÃóæóãóÚöí (3) ÔóíúØóÇäñ¿ ÞóÇáó: " äóÚóãú ". ÞóÇáóÊú: æóãóÚó ßõáøö ÅöäúÓóÇäò¿ ÞóÇáó: " äóÚóãú " ÞóÇáóÊú: " æóãóÚóßó íóÇ ÑóÓõæáó Çááøóåö¿ ÞóÇáó: " äóÚóãú¡ æóáóßöäøó ÑóÈøöí ÃóÚóÇäóäöí Úóáóíúåö ÍóÊøóì ÃóÓúáóãó» (4) . æóÇáúãõÑóÇÏõ Ýöí ÃóÕóÍøö ÇáúÞóæúáóíúäö: ÇÓúÊóÓúáóãó æóÇäúÞóÇÏó áöí. æóãóäú ÞóÇáó: ÍóÊøóì ÃóÓúáóãó ÃóäóÇ¡ ÝóÞóÏú ÍóÑøóÝó ãóÚúäóÇåõ. æóãóäú ÞóÇáó: ÇáÔøóíúØóÇäõ ÕóÇÑó ãõÄúãöäðÇ (5) ¡ ÝóÞóÏú ÍóÑøóÝó áóÝúÙóåõ.
æóÞóÏú ÞóÇáó ãõæÓóì áóãøóÇ ÞóÊóáó ÇáúÞöÈúØöíøó: {åóÐóÇ ãöäú Úóãóáö ÇáÔøóíúØóÇäö Åöäøóåõ ÚóÏõæøñ ãõÖöáøñ ãõÈöíäñ} [ÓõæÑóÉõ ÇáúÞóÕóÕö: 15] ¡ æóÞóÇáó ÝóÊóì ãõæÓóì: {æóãóÇ ÃóäúÓóÇäöíåõ ÅöáøóÇ ÇáÔøóíúØóÇäõ Ãóäú ÃóÐúßõÑóåõ} [ÓõæÑóÉõ ÇáúßóåúÝö: 63] . æóÐóßóÑó Çááøóåõ Ýöí ÞöÕøóÉö ÂÏóãó æóÍóæøóÇÁó {ÝóÃóÒóáøóåõãóÇ ÇáÔøóíúØóÇäõ ÚóäúåóÇ ÝóÃóÎúÑóÌóåõãóÇ ãöãøóÇ ßóÇäóÇ Ýöíåö} [ÓõæÑóÉõ ÇáúÈóÞóÑóÉö: 36] ¡ æóÞóæúáõåõ:
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(1) ã: ÅöáøóÇ Ãóäøó Çááøóåó ÚóÒøó æóÌóáøó ÃóÚóÇäóäöí Úóáóíúåö.
(2) ÓóÈóÞó åóÐóÇ ÇáúÍóÏöíËõ ÝöíãóÇ ãóÖóì.
(3) ã: æóãóÚöí. .
(4) åóÐóÇ ÌõÒúÁñ ãöäú ÍóÏöíËò Úóäú ÚóÇÆöÔóÉó - ÑóÖöíó Çááøóåõ ÚóäúåóÇ - Ýöí: ãõÓúáöãò 4/2168 (ßöÊóÇÈõ ÕöÝóÇÊö ÇáúãõäóÇÝöÞöíäó¡ ÈóÇÈõ ÊóÍúÑöíÔö ÇáÔøóíúØóÇäö. . .) æóäóÕøõåõ. . Ãóäøó ÑóÓõæáó Çááøóåö - Õóáøóì Çááøóåõ Úóáóíúåö æóÓóáøóãó - ÎóÑóÌó ãöäú ÚöäúÏöåóÇ áóíúáðÇ. ÞóÇáóÊú: ÝóÛöÑúÊõ Úóáóíúåö¡ ÝóÌóÇÁó ÝóÑóÃóì ãóÇ ÃóÕúäóÚõ ÝóÞóÇáó: " ãóÇáóßö íóÇ ÚóÇÆöÔóÉõ ÃóÛöÑúÊö¿ ÝóÞõáúÊõ: æóãóÇ áöí áóÇ íóÛóÇÑõ ãöËúáöí Úóáóì ãöËúáößó¿ ÝóÞóÇáó ÑóÓõæáõ Çááøóåö - Õóáøóì Çááøóåõ Úóáóíúåö æóÓóáøóãó -: " ÃóÞóÏú ÌóÇÁóßö ÔóíúØóÇäõßö¿ ÞóÇáóÊú: íóÇ ÑóÓõæáó Çááøóåö¡ ÃóæóãóÚöí ÔóíúØóÇäñ¿ . . ÇáúÍóÏöíËó¡ æóåõæó Ýöí: ÇáúãõÓúäóÏö (Ø. ÇáúÍóáóÈöíøö) 6/115
(5) Ó¡ È: ãóÃúãõæäðÇ.(8/271)
{ÝóæóÓúæóÓó áóåõãóÇ ÇáÔøóíúØóÇäõ áöíõÈúÏöíó áóåõãóÇ ãóÇ æõæÑöíó ÚóäúåõãóÇ ãöäú ÓóæúÂÊöåöãóÇ} [ÓõæÑóÉõ ÇáúÃóÚúÑóÇÝö: 20] .
ÝóÅöÐóÇ ßóÇäó ÚóÑúÖõ (1) ÇáÔøóíúØóÇäö áóÇ íóÞúÏóÍõ Ýöí äõÈõæøóÉö ÇáúÃóäúÈöíóÇÁö - Úóáóíúåöãõ ÇáÓøóáóÇãõ - ÝóßóíúÝó íóÞúÏóÍõ Ýöí ÅöãóÇãóÉö ÇáúÎõáóÝóÇÁö¿ !
æóÅöäö ÇÏøóÚóì ãõÏøóÚò Ãóäøó åóÐöåö ÇáäøõÕõæÕó ãõÆóæøóáóÉñ.
Þöíáó áóåõ: ÝóíóÌõæÒõ áöÛóíúÑößó Ãóäú íóÊóÃóæøóáó Þóæúáó ÇáÕøöÏøöíÞö¡ áöãóÇ ËóÈóÊó ÈöÇáÏøóáóÇÆöáö ÇáúßóËöíÑóÉö ãöäú ÅöíãóÇäöåö æóÚöáúãöåö¡ æóÊóÞúæóÇåõ æóæóÑóÚöåö. ÝóÅöÐóÇ æóÑóÏó áóÝúÙñ ãõÌúãóáñ íõÚóÇÑöÖõ ãóÇ Úõáöãó (2) . æóÌóÈó ÊóÃúæöíáõåõ.
æóÃóãøóÇ Þóæúáõåõ: " ÝóÅöäó ÇÓúÊóÞóãúÊõ ÝóÃóÚöíäõæäöí¡ æóÅöäú ÒõÛúÊõ ÝóÞóæøöãõæäöí "¡ ÝóåóÐóÇ ãöäú ßóãóÇáö ÚóÏúáöåö æóÊóÞúæóÇåõ¡ æóæóÇÌöÈñ Úóáóì ßõáøö ÅöãóÇãò Ãóäú íóÞúÊóÏöíó Èöåö Ýöí Ðóáößó¡ æóæóÇÌöÈñ Úóáóì ÇáÑøóÚöíøóÉö Ãóäú ÊõÚóÇãöáó ÇáúÃóÆöãøóÉó ÈöÐóáößó¡ ÝóÅöäö ÇÓúÊóÞóÇãó ÇáúÅöãóÇãõ (3) ÃóÚóÇäõæåõ Úóáóì ØóÇÚóÉö Çááøóåö ÊóÚóÇáóì¡ æóÅöäú ÒóÇÛó æóÃóÎúØóÃó ÈóíøóäõæÇ áóåõ ÇáÕøóæóÇÈó æóÏóáøõæåõ Úóáóíúåö¡ æóÅöäú ÊóÚóãøóÏó ÙõáúãðÇ ãóäóÚõæåõ ãöäúåõ ÈöÍóÓóÈö ÇáúÅöãúßóÇäö¡ ÝóÅöÐóÇ ßóÇäó ãõäúÞóÇÏðÇ áöáúÍóÞøö¡ ßóÃóÈöí ÈóßúÑò¡ ÝóáóÇ ÚõÐúÑó áóåõãú Ýöí ÊóÑúßö Ðóáößó (4) ¡ æóÅöäú ßóÇäó áóÇ íõãúßöäõ ÏóÝúÚõ ÇáÙøõáúãö ÅöáøóÇ ÈöãóÇ åõæó ÃóÚúÙóãõ ÝóÓóÇÏðÇ ãöäúåõ¡ áóãú íóÏúÝóÚõæÇ ÇáÔøóÑøó ÇáúÞóáöíáó ÈöÇáÔøóÑøö ÇáúßóËöíÑö.
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(1) ä¡ Ó: ÛóÑóÖõ.
(2) ä¡ Ó¡ È: ãóÇ æóÑóÏó.
(3) ÇáúÅöãóÇãõ: ÓóÇÞöØóÉñ ãöäú (Ó) ¡ (È) .
(4) ã: ÝóáóÇ ÚõÐúÑó áóåõãú Ýöí Ðóáößó.(8/272)
æóÃóãøóÇ Þóæúáõ ÇáÑøóÇÝöÖöíøö: " æóãöäú ÔóÃúäö ÇáúÅöãóÇãö Êóßúãöíáõ ÇáÑøóÚöíøóÉö¡ ÝóßóíúÝó íóØúáõÈõ ãöäúåõãõ ÇáÊøóßúãöíáó¿ "
Úóäúåõ ÃóÌúæöÈóÉñ: ÃóÍóÏõåóÇ: ÃóäøóÇ (1) áóÇ äõÓóáøöãõ Ãóäøó ÇáúÅöãóÇãó íõßóãøöáõåõãú æóåõãú áóÇ íõßóãøöáõæäóåõ ÃóíúÖðÇ (2) ¡ Èóáö ÇáúÅöãóÇãõ æóÇáÑøóÚöíøóÉõ íóÊóÚóÇæóäõæäó Úóáóì ÇáúÈöÑøö æóÇáÊøóÞúæóì¡ áóÇ Úóáóì ÇáúÅöËúãö æóÇáúÚõÏúæóÇäö¡ ÈöãóäúÒöáóÉö ÃóãöíÑö ÇáúÌóíúÔö æóÇáúÞóÇÝöáóÉö æóÇáÕøóáóÇÉö æóÇáúÍóÌøö¡ æóÇáÏøöíäõ ÞóÏú ÚõÑöÝó ÈöÇáÑøóÓõæáö¡ Ýóáóãú íóÈúÞó ÚöäúÏó ÇáúÅöãóÇãö Ïöíäñ íóäúÝóÑöÏõ Èöåö¡ æóáóßöäú áóÇ ÈõÏøó ãöäó ÇáöÇÌúÊöåóÇÏö Ýöí ÇáúÌõÒúÆöíøóÇÊö¡ ÝóÅöäú ßóÇäó ÇáúÍóÞøõ ÝöíåóÇ ÈóíøöäðÇ ÃóãóÑó Èöåö¡ æóÅöäú ßóÇäó ãõÊóÈóíøöäðÇ áöáúÅöãóÇãö Ïõæäóåõãú Èóíøóäóåõ áóåõãú¡ æóßóÇäó Úóáóíúåöãú Ãóäú íõØöíÚõæåõ¡ æóÅöäú ßóÇäó ãõÔúÊóÈöåðÇ Úóáóíúåöãõ ÇÔúÊóæóÑõæÇ Ýöíåö ÍóÊøóì íóÊóÈóíøóäó áóåõãú¡ æóÅöäú ÊóÈóíøóäó áöÃóÍóÏò ãöäó ÇáÑøóÚöíøóÉö Ïõæäó ÇáúÅöãóÇãö Èóíøóäóåõ áóåõ¡ æóÅöäö ÇÎúÊóáóÝó ÇáöÇÌúÊöåóÇÏõ¡ ÝóÇáúÅöãóÇãõ åõæó ÇáúãõÊøóÈóÚõ Ýöí ÇÌúÊöåóÇÏöåö¡ ÅöÐú áóÇ ÈõÏøó ãöäó ÇáÊøóÑúÌöíÍö¡ æóÇáúÚóßúÓõ ãõãúÊóäöÚñ.
æóåóÐóÇ ßóãóÇ ÊóÞõæáõåõ ÇáÑøóÇÝöÖóÉõ ÇáúÅöãóÇãöíøóÉõ Ýöí äõæøóÇÈö ÇáúãóÚúÕõæãö ; ÝóÅöäøóåõ æóÅöäú ÊóÈóíøóäó áóåõãõ ÇáúßõáøöíøóÇÊõ ÝóáóÇ ÈõÏøó Ýöí ÊóÈúíöíäö ÇáúÌõÒúÆöíøóÇÊö ãöäó ÇáöÇÌúÊöåóÇÏö¡ æóÍöíäóÆöÐò Ýóßõáøõ ÅöãóÇãò åõæó äóÇÆöÈõ ÑóÓõæáö Çááøóåö - Õóáøóì Çááøóåõ Úóáóíúåö æóÓóáøóãó - ÇáøóÐöí áóÇ ÑóíúÈó Ýöí ÚöÕúãóÊöåö¡ æóäõæøóÇÈõåõ ÃóÍóÞøõ ÈöÇáöÇÊøöÈóÇÚö ãöäú äõæøóÇÈö ÛóíúÑöåö¡ æóÇáúãõÑóÇÏõ Èößóæúäöåöãú äõæøóÇÈóåõ Ãóäøó Úóáóíúåöãú Ãóäú íóÞõæãõæÇ ÈöãóÇ ÞóÇãó Èöåö¡ áóíúÓó ÇáúãõÑóÇÏõ ÇÓúÊöÎúáóÇÝóåõãú¡ ÝóÅöäøó ØóÇÚóÉó ÇáÑøóÓõæáö æóÇÌöÈóÉñ Úóáóì ßõáøö ãõÊóæóáøò¡ ÓóæóÇÁñ æóáøóÇåõ (3) ÇáÑøóÓõæáõ Ãóæú ÛóíúÑõåõ¡ æóØóÇÚóÊõåõ ÈóÚúÏó ãóæúÊöåö ßóØóÇÚóÊöåö Ýöí
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(1) ä¡ ã¡ Ó: Ãóäú.
(2) ã: æóÃóíúÖðÇ.
(3) Ó¡ È: æõáóÇÉõ.(8/273)
ÍóíóÇÊöåö¡ æóáóæú æóáøóì åõæó ÑóÌõáðÇ áóæóÌóÈó Úóáóíúåö æóÚóáóì ÛóíúÑöåö ãóÇ íóÌöÈõ Úóáóì ÛóíúÑöåö ãöäó ÇáúæõáóÇÉö.
ÇáúæóÌúåõ ÇáËøóÇäöí: Ãóäøó ßõáøðÇ ãöäó ÇáúãóÎúáõæÞóíúäö ÞóÏö ÇÓúÊõßúãöáó ÈöÇáúÂÎóÑö¡ ßóÇáúãõÊóäóÇÙöÑóíúäö Ýöí ÇáúÚöáúãö¡ æóÇáúãõÊóÔóÇæöÑóíúäö Ýöí ÇáÑøóÃúíö¡ æóÇáúãõÊóÚóÇæöäóíúäö ÇáúãõÊóÔóÇÑößóíúäö Ýöí ãóÕúáóÍóÉö ÏöíäöåöãóÇ æóÏõäúíóÇåõãóÇ. æóÅöäøóãóÇ íóãúÊóäöÚõ åóÐóÇ Ýöí ÇáúÎóÇáöÞö ÓõÈúÍóÇäóåõ ; áöÃóäøóåõ áóÇ ÈõÏøó Ãóäú íóßõæäó áöáúãõãúßöäóÇÊö ÇáúãõÍúÏóËóÇÊö ÝóÇÚöáñ ãõÓúÊóÛúäò ÈöäóÝúÓöåö¡ ÛóíúÑõ ãõÍúÊóÇÌò Åöáóì ÃóÍóÏò ; áöÆóáøóÇ íõÝúÖöíó Åöáóì ÇáÏøóæúÑö Ýöí ÇáúãõÄóËøöÑóÇÊö æóÇáÊøóÓóáúÓõáö ÝöíåóÇ¡ æóÃóãøóÇ ÇáúãóÎúáõæÞóÇäö ÝóßöáóÇåõãóÇ íóÓúÊóÝöíÏõ Íóæúáóåõ æóÞõæøóÊóåõ ãöäó Çááøóåö ÊóÚóÇáóì¡ áóÇ ãöäú äóÝúÓöåö æóáóÇ ãöäó ÇáúÂÎóÑö¡ ÝóáóÇ ÏóæúÑó Ýöí Ðóáößó.
ÇáúæóÌúåõ ÇáËøóÇáöËõ: Ãóäøóåõ ãóÇ ÒóÇáó ÇáúãõÊóÚóáøöãõæäó íõäóÈøöåõæäó ãõÚóáøöãóåõãú Úóáóì ÃóÔúíóÇÁó¡ æóíóÓúÊóÝöíÏõåóÇ ÇáúãõÚóáøöãõ ãöäúåõãú¡ ãóÚó Ãóäøó ÚóÇãøóÉó ãóÇ ÚöäúÏó ÇáúãõÊóÚóáøöãö ãöäó ÇáúÃõÕõæáö ÊóáóÞøóÇåóÇ ãöäú ãõÚóáøöãöåö. æóßóÐóáößó Ýöí ÇáÕøõäøóÇÚö æóÛóíúÑöåöãú.
ÇáúæóÌúåõ ÇáÑøóÇÈöÚõ: Ãóäøó ãõæÓóì - Õóáøóì Çááøóåõ Úóáóíúåö æóÓóáøóãó - ÞóÏö ÇÓúÊóÝóÇÏó ãöäó ÇáúÎóÖöÑö ËóáóÇËó ãóÓóÇÆöáó¡ æóåõæó ÃóÝúÖóáõ ãöäúåõ. æóÞóÏú ÞóÇáó ÇáúåõÏúåõÏõ áöÓõáóíúãóÇäó: {ÃóÍóØÊõ ÈöãóÇ áóãú ÊõÍöØú Èöåö} [ÓõæÑóÉõ Çáäøóãúáö: 22] æóáóíúÓó ÇáúåõÏúåõÏõ ÞóÑöíÈðÇ ãöäú ÓõáóíúãóÇäó.
æóäóÈöíøõäóÇ - Õóáøóì Çááøóåõ Úóáóíúåö æóÓóáøóãó - ßóÇäó íõÔóÇæöÑõ ÃóÕúÍóÇÈóåõ¡ æóßóÇäó ÃóÍúíóÇäðÇ íóÑúÌöÚõ Åöáóíúåöãú Ýöí ÇáÑøóÃúíö. ßóãóÇ (1) ÞóÇáó áóåõ ÇáúÍõÈóÇÈõ íóæúãó ÈóÏúÑò: íóÇ ÑóÓõæáó Çááøóåö ÃóÑóÃóíúÊó åóÐóÇ ÇáúãóäúÒöáó: Ãóåõæó ãóäúÒöáñ ÃóäúÒóáóßóåõ Çááøóåõ ÊóÚóÇáóì ÝóáóíúÓó áóäóÇ Ãóäú äóÊóÚóÏøóÇåõ¡ Ãóãú åõæó ÇáúÍóÑúÈõ
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(1) ßóãóÇ ÓóÇÞöØóÉñ ãöäú (Ó) ¡ (È) .(8/274)
æóÇáÑøóÃúíõ æóÇáúãóßöíÏóÉõ¿ ÝóÞóÇáó: " Èóáú (1) åõæó ÇáúÍóÑúÈõ æóÇáÑøóÃúíõ æóÇáúãóßöíÏóÉõ " ÝóÞóÇáó: áóíúÓó åóÐóÇ ÈöãóäúÒöáö ÞöÊóÇáò. [ÞóÇáó:] (2) ÝóÑóÌóÚó Åöáóì ÑóÃúíö ÇáúÍõÈóÇÈö (3) .
æóßóÐóáößó íóæúãõ ÇáúÎóäúÏóÞö¡ ßóÇäó ÞóÏú ÑóÃóì Ãóäú íõÕóÇáöÍó ÛóØóÝóÇäó Úóáóì äöÕúÝö ÊóãúÑö ÇáúãóÏöíäóÉö¡ æóíóäúÕóÑöÝó Úóäö ÇáúÞöÊóÇáö. ÝóÌóÇÁóåõ ÓóÚúÏñ (4) ÝóÞóÇáó: íóÇ ÑóÓõæáó Çááøóåö¡ Åöäú ßóÇäó Çááøóåõ ÃóãóÑóßó ÈöåóÐóÇ ÝóÓóãúÚðÇ æóØóÇÚóÉð¡ Ãóæú ßóãóÇ ÞóÇáó¡ æóÅöäú ßõäúÊó ÃóäúÊó ÅöäøóãóÇ ÝóÚóáúÊó åóÐóÇ áöãóÕúáóÍóÊöäóÇ¡ ÝóáóÞóÏú ßóÇäõæÇ Ýöí ÇáúÌóÇåöáöíøóÉö æóãóÇ íóäóÇáõæäó ãöäúåóÇ ÊóãúÑóÉð (5) ÅöáøóÇ ÈöÔöÑóÇÁò Ãóæú ßöÑóÇÁò¡ ÝóáóãøóÇ ÃóÚóÒøóäóÇ Çááøóåõ ÈöÇáúÅöÓúáóÇãö äõÚúØöíåöãú ÊóãúÑóäóÇ (6) ¡ ãóÇ äõÚúØöíåöãú ÅöáøóÇ ÇáÓøóíúÝó¡ Ãóæú ßóãóÇ ÞóÇáó. ÝóÞóÈöáó ãöäúåõ ÇáäøóÈöíøõ - Õóáøóì Çááøóåõ Úóáóíúåö æóÓóáøóãó - Ðóáößó (7) .
æóÚõãóÑõ ÃóÔóÇÑó Úóáóíúåö áóãøóÇ ÃóÐöäó áóåõãú Ýöí ÛóÒúæóÉö ÊóÈõæßó Ýöí äóÍúÑö ÇáÑøößóÇÈö Ãóäú íóÌúãóÚó ÃóÒúæóÇÏóåõãú æóíóÏúÚõæó ÝöíåóÇ ÈöÇáúÈóÑóßóÉö¡ ÝóÞóÈöáó ãöäúåõ (8) .
æóÃóÔóÇÑó Úóáóíúåö ÈöÃóäú íóÑõÏøó ÃóÈóÇ åõÑóíúÑóÉó áóãøóÇ ÃóÑúÓóáóåõ ÈöäóÚúáóíúåö íõÈóÔøöÑõ ãóäú áóÞöíóåõ æóÑóÇÁó åóÐóÇ ÇáúÍóÇÆöØö íóÔúåóÏõ Ãóäú áóÇ Åöáóåó ÅöáøóÇ Çááøóåõ ÈöÇáúÌóäøóÉö¡ áóãøóÇ ÎóÇÝó Ãóäú íóÊøóßöáõæÇ¡ ÝóÞóÈöáó ãöäúåõ (9) .
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(1) Èóáú: ÓóÇÞöØóÉñ ãöäú (Ó) ¡ (È) .
(2) ÞóÇáó: ÒöíóÇÏóÉñ Ýöí (ã) .
(3) ÇäúÙõÑú åóÐóÇ ÇáúÎóÈóÑó Ýöí: ÓöíÑóÉö ÇÈúäö åöÔóÇãò 2/272¡ ÇáÓøöíÑóÉö ÇáäøóÈóæöíøóÉö áöÇÈúäö ßóËöíÑò 2/402¡ ÅöãúÊóÇÚö ÇáúÃóÓúãóÇÚö¡ Õ 77 - 78.
(4) Ýöí ÌóãöíÚö ÇáäøõÓóÎö: ÓóÚöíÏñ. æóÇáÕøóæóÇÈõ ãóÇ ÃóËúÈóÊøõåõ æóåõæó ÓóÚúÏõ Èúäõ ãõÚóÇÐò - ÑóÖöíó Çááøóåõ Úóäúåõ -.
(5) ã: ËóãóÑóÉð
(6) ä¡ ã: ËóãóÑóäóÇ.
(7) ÇäúÙõÑú åóÐóÇ ÇáúÎóÈóÑó Ýöí: ÓöíÑóÉö ÇÈúäö åöÔóÇãò 3/234¡ ÇáÓøöíÑóÉö ÇáäøóÈóæöíøóÉö áöÇÈúäö ßóËöíÑò 3/201 - 202 ÅöãúÊóÇÚö ÇáúÃóÓúãóÇÚö¡ Õ 235 - 236.
(8) ÓóÈóÞó åóÐóÇ ÇáúÍóÏöíËõ ÝöíãóÇ ãóÖóì.
(9) ÓóÈóÞó åóÐóÇ ÇáúÍóÏöíËõ ÝöíãóÇ ãóÖóì.(8/275)
æóÃóÈõæ ÈóßúÑò áóãú íóßõäú íóÑúÌöÚõ Åöáóíúåöãú ÝöíãóÇ áóíúÓó Ýöíåö (1) äóÕøñ ãöäó Çááøóåö æóÑóÓõæáöåö¡ Èóáú ßóÇäó ÅöÐóÇ ÊóÈóíøóäó áóåõ Ðóáößó áóãú íõÈóÇáö Èöãóäú ÎóÇáóÝóåõ. ÃóáóÇ ÊóÑóì Ãóäøóåõ áóãøóÇ äóÇÒóÚóåõ [ÚõãóÑõ] (2) Ýöí ÞöÊóÇáö Ãóåúáö ÇáÑøöÏøóÉö áöÃóÌúáö ÇáúÎóæúÝö Úóáóì ÇáúãõÓúáöãöíäó¡ æóäóÇÒóÚõæåõ Ýöí ÞöÊóÇáö ãóÇäöÚöí ÇáÒøóßóÇÉö¡ æóäóÇÒóÚõæåõ Ýöí ÅöÑúÓóÇáö ÌóíúÔö ÃõÓóÇãóÉó - áóãú íóÑúÌöÚú Åöáóíúåöãú¡ Èóáú Èóíøóäó áóåõãú ÏóáóÇáóÉó ÇáäøóÕøö Úóáóì ãóÇ ÝóÚóáóåõ.
æóÃóãøóÇ Ýöí ÇáúÃõãõæÑö ÇáúÌõÒúÆöíøóÉö ÇáøóÊöí áóÇ íóÌöÈõ Ãóäú Êóßõæäó ãóäúÕõæÕóÉð¡ Èóáú íõÞúÕóÏõ ÈöåóÇ ÇáúãóÕúáóÍóÉõ¡ ÝóåóÐöåö áóíúÓó åõæó ÝöíåóÇ ÈöÃóÚúÙóãó ãöäó ÇáúÃóäúÈöíóÇÁö.
ÇáúÎóÇãöÓõ: Ãóäøó åóÐóÇ ÇáúßóáóÇãó ãöäú ÃóÈöí ÈóßúÑò ãóÇ ÒóÇÏóåõ ÚöäúÏó ÇáúÃõãøóÉö ÅöáøóÇ ÔóÑóÝðÇ æóÊóÚúÙöíãðÇ¡ æóáóãú ÊõÚóÙøöãö ÇáúÃõãøóÉõ ÃóÍóÏðÇ ÈóÚúÏó äóÈöíøöåóÇ ßóãóÇ ÚóÙøóãóÊö ÇáÕøöÏøöíÞó¡ æóáóÇ ÃóØóÇÚóÊú ÃóÍóÏðÇ ßóãóÇ ÃóØóÇÚóÊúåõ¡ ãöäú ÛóíúÑö ÑóÛúÈóÉò ÃóÚúØóÇåõãú ÅöíøóÇåóÇ¡ æóáóÇ ÑóåúÈóÉò ÃóÎóÇÝóåõãú ÈöåóÇ¡ Èóáö ÇáøóÐöíäó ÈóÇíóÚõæÇ ÇáÑøóÓõæáó ÊóÍúÊó ÇáÔøóÌóÑóÉö ÈóÇíóÚõæåõ ØóæúÚðÇ¡ ãõÞöÑøöíäó ÈöÝóÖöíáóÊöåö æóÇÓúÊöÍúÞóÇÞöåö. Ëõãøó ãóÚó åóÐóÇ áóãú äóÚúáóãú Ãóäøóåõãõ ÇÎúÊóáóÝõæÇ Ýöí ÚóåúÏöåö Ýöí ãóÓúÃóáóÉò æóÇÍöÏóÉò Ýöí Ïöíäöåöãú [ÅöáøóÇ] (3) æóÃóÒóÇáó ÇáöÇÎúÊöáóÇÝó ÈöÈóíóÇäöåö áóåõãú¡ æóãõÑóÇÌóÚóÊöåöãú áóåõ. æóåóÐóÇ ÃóãúÑñ áóÇ íõÔúÑößõåõ Ýöíåö ÛóíúÑõåõ.
æóßóÇäó ÚõãóÑõ ÃóÞúÑóÈó Åöáóíúåö Ýöí Ðóáößó¡ Ëõãøó ÚõËúãóÇäõ.
æóÃóãøóÇ Úóáöíøñ ÝóÞóÇÊóáóåõãú æóÞóÇÊóáõæåõ (4) ¡ ÝóáóÇ Þóæøóãóåõãú æóáóÇ Þóæøóãõæåõ¡ ÝóÃóíøõ ÇáúÅöãóÇãóíúäö ÍóÕóáó Èöåö ãóÞúÕõæÏõ ÇáúÅöãóÇãóÉö ÃóßúËóÑó¿ æóÃóíøõ ÇáúÅöãóÇãóíúäö ÃóÞóÇãó ÇáÏøöíäó æóÑóÏøó ÇáúãõÑúÊóÏøöíäó¡
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(1) ã: ÝöíãóÇ áóãú íóßõäú Ýöíåö.
(2) ÚõãóÑõ: ÓóÇÞöØóÉñ ãöäú (ä) ¡ (ã) .
(3) ÅöáøóÇ: ÒöíóÇÏóÉñ Ýöí (È) ÝóÞóØú.
(4) Ó¡ È: ÝóÞóÇÊóáõæåõ.(8/276)
æóÞóÇÊóáó ÇáúßóÇÝöÑöíäó¡ æóÇÊøóÝóÞóÊú Úóáóíúåö ÇáúßóáöãóÉõ: (1) ßóáöãóÉõ ÇáúãõÄúãöäöíäó¿ åóáú íõÔóÈøöåõ åóÐóÇ ÈöåóÐóÇ ÅöáøóÇ ãóäú åõæó Ýöí ÛóÇíóÉö ÇáäøóÞúÕö ãöäó ÇáúÚóÞúáö æóÇáÏøöíäö¿ !
[ÝÕá ÞÇá ÇáÑÇÝÖí ÇáËÇäí Þæá ÚãÑ ßÇäÊ ÈíÚÉ ÃÈí ÈßÑ ÝáÊÉ æÞì Çááå ÇáãÓáãíä ÔÑåÇ æÇáÑÏ Úáíå]
ÝóÕúáñ
ÞóÇáó ÇáÑøóÇÝöÖöíøõ (2) : " ÇáËøóÇäöí: Þóæúáõ ÚõãóÑó: ßóÇäóÊú ÈóíúÚóÉõ ÃóÈöí ÈóßúÑò ÝóáúÊóÉð¡ æóÞóì Çááøóåõ ÇáúãõÓúáöãöíäó ÔóÑøóåóÇ¡ Ýóãóäú ÚóÇÏó Åöáóì ãöËúáöåóÇ ÝóÇÞúÊõáõæåõ. æóßóæúäõåóÇ ÝóáúÊóÉð íóÏõáøõ Úóáóì ÃóäøóåóÇ áóãú ÊóÞóÚú Úóäú ÑóÃúíò ÕóÍöíÍò¡ Ëõãøó ÓóÃóáó æöÞóÇíóÉó ÔóÑøöåóÇ¡ Ëõãøó ÃóãóÑó ÈöÞóÊúáö ãóäú íóÚõæÏõ Åöáóì ãöËúáöåóÇ¡ æóßóÇäó Ðóáößó (3) íõæÌöÈõ ÇáØøóÚúäó Ýöíåö ".
æóÇáúÌóæóÇÈõ: Ãóäøó áóÝúÙó ÚõãóÑó ãóÇ ËóÈóÊó Ýöí ÇáÕøóÍöíÍóíúäö Úóäö ÇÈúäö ÚóÈøóÇÓò¡ ãöäú ÎõØúÈóÉö ÚõãóÑó ÇáøóÊöí ÞóÇáó ÝöíåóÇ: " Ëõãøó Åöäøóåõ ÞóÏú ÈóáóÛóäöí Ãóäøó ÞóÇÆöáðÇ ãöäúßõãú íóÞõæáõ: " æóÇááøóåö áóæú ãóÇÊó ÚõãóÑõ ÈóÇíóÚúÊõ ÝõáóÇäðÇ " ÝóáóÇ íóÛúÊóÑøóäøó ÇãúÑõÄñ Ãóäú íóÞõæáó: ÅöäøóãóÇ ßóÇäóÊú ÈóíúÚóÉõ ÃóÈöí ÈóßúÑò ÝóáúÊóÉð¡ ÃóáóÇ æóÅöäøóåóÇ ÞóÏú ßóÇäóÊú ßóÐóáößó¡ æóáóßöäú ÞóÏú æóÞóì Çááøóåõ ÔóÑøóåóÇ¡ æóáóíúÓó Ýöíßõãú ãóäú ÊõÞúØóÚõ Åöáóíúåö ÇáúÃóÚúäóÇÞõ ãöËúáó ÃóÈöí ÈóßúÑò¡ ãóäú ÈóÇíóÚó ÑóÌõáðÇ ãöäú ÛóíúÑö ãóÔõæÑóÉò ãöäó ÇáúãõÓúáöãöíäó¡ ÝóáóÇ íõÈóÇíöÚú åõæó æóáóÇ ÇáøóÐöí ÈóÇíóÚóåõ ÊóÛöÑøóÉð Ãóäú íõÞúÊóáóÇ¡ æóÅöäøóåõ ßóÇäó ãöäú ÎóíúÑöäóÇ Íöíäó ÊóæóÝøóì Çááøóåõ äóÈöíøóåõ - Õóáøóì Çááøóåõ Úóáóíúåö æóÓóáøóãó - æóÐóßóÑó ÇáúÍóÏöíËó æóÝöíåö: Ãóäøó ÇáÕøöÏøöíÞó ÞóÇáó: " æóÞóÏú ÑóÖöíÊõ áóßõãú ÃóÍóÏó åóÐóíúäö ÇáÑøóÌõáóíúäö¡ ÝóÈóÇíöÚõæÇ ÃóíøóåõãóÇ
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(1) ÇáúßóáöãóÉõ: ÓóÇÞöØóÉñ ãöäú (È) ÝóÞóØú.
(2) Ýöí (ã) Õ 194 (ã) .
(3) ß: æóßõáøõ Ðóáößó.(8/277)
ÔöÆúÊõãú. ÝóÃóÎóÐó ÈöíóÏöí æóÈöíóÏö (1) ÃóÈöí ÚõÈóíúÏóÉó æóåõæó ÌóÇáöÓñ ÈóíúäóäóÇ¡ Ýóáóãú ÃóßúÑóåú ãöãøóÇ ÞóÇáó ÛóíúÑóåóÇ¡ ßóÇäó - æóÇááøóåö - Ãóäú ÃõÞóÏøóãó ÝóíõÖúÑóÈó ÚõäõÞöí áóÇ íõÞóÑøöÈõäöí [Ðóáößó] (2) ãöäú ÅöËúãò ÃóÍóÈøó Åöáóíøó [ãöäú] (3) Ãóäú ÃóÊóÃóãøóÑó Úóáóì Þóæúãò Ýöíåöãú ÃóÈõæ ÈóßúÑò¡ Çááøóåõãøó ÅöáøóÇ Ãóäú ÊõÓóæøöáó áöí äóÝúÓöí ÔóíúÆðÇ ÚöäúÏó ÇáúãóæúÊö (4) áóÇ ÃóÌöÏõåõ ÇáúÂäó ". æóÞóÏú ÊóÞóÏøóãó ÇáúÍóÏöíËõ ÈößóãóÇáöåö (5) .
æóãóÚúäóì Ðóáößó ÃóäøóåóÇ æóÞóÚóÊú ÝóÌúÃóÉð áóãú Êóßõäú ÞóÏö ÇÓúÊóÚúÏóÏúäóÇ áóåóÇ æóáóÇ ÊóåóíøóÃúäóÇ ; áöÃóäøó ÃóÈóÇ ÈóßúÑò ßóÇäó ãõÊóÚóíøöäðÇ áöÐóáößó¡ Ýóáóãú íóßõäú íóÍúÊóÇÌõ Ýöí Ðóáößó Åöáóì Ãóäú íóÌúÊóãöÚó áóåóÇ ÇáäøóÇÓõ ; ÅöÐú ßõáøõåõãú íóÚúáóãõæäó Ãóäøóåõ ÃóÍóÞøõ ÈöåóÇ¡ æóáóíúÓó ÈóÚúÏó ÃóÈöí ÈóßúÑò ãóäú íóÌúÊóãöÚõ ÇáäøóÇÓõ Úóáóì ÊóÝúÖöíáöåö æóÇÓúÊöÍúÞóÇÞöåö ßóãóÇ ÇÌúÊóãóÚõæÇ Úóáóì Ðóáößó Ýöí ÃóÈöí ÈóßúÑò¡ Ýóãóäú ÃóÑóÇÏó Ãóäú íóäúÝóÑöÏó ÈöÈóíúÚóÉö ÑóÌõáò Ïõæäó ãóáóÃò ãöäó ÇáúãõÓúáöãöíäó ÝóÇÞúÊõáõæåõ. æóåõæó áóãú íóÓúÃóáú æöÞóÇíóÉó ÔóÑøöåóÇ¡ Èóáú ÃóÎúÈóÑó Ãóäøó Çááøóåó æóÞóì ÔóÑøó ÇáúÝöÊúäóÉö ÈöÇáöÇÌúÊöãóÇÚö (6) .
[ÝÕá ÞÇá ÇáÑÇÝÖí ÇáËÇáË ÞÕæÑåã Ýí ÇáÚáã æÇáÊÌÇÄåã Ýí ÃßËÑ ÇáÃÍæÇá Åáì Úáí æÇáÑÏ Úáíå]
ÝóÕúáñ
ÞóÇáó ÇáÑøóÇÝöÖöíøõ (7) : " ÇáËøóÇáöËõ: ÞõÕõæÑõåõãú Ýöí ÇáúÚöáúãö æóÇáúÊöÌóÇÄõåõãú Ýöí ÃóßúËóÑö ÇáúÃóÍúßóÇãö Åöáóì Úóáöíøò (8) ".
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(1) ã¡ Ó¡ È: æóíóÏö.
(2) Ðóáößó: ÒöíóÇÏóÉñ Ýöí (ã) .
(3) ãöäú: ÒöíóÇÏóÉñ Ýöí (ã) .
(4) ä¡ Ó: ÚöäúÏó ãóæúÊò¡ È: ÚöäúÏó ãóæúÊöí.
(5) ÓóÈóÞó åóÐóÇ ÇáúÍóÏöíËõ ÝöíãóÇ ãóÖóì Ýöí ÇáúÃóÕúáö 1/360 4/435.
(6) È: ÈöÇáúÅöÌúãóÇÚö.
(7) Ýöí (ß) Õ 194 (ã) .
(8) ß: æóÇáöÇáúÊöÌóÇÁõ Ýöí ÃóßúËóÑö ÇáúÃóÍúßóÇãö Åöáóì Úóáöíøò - Úóáóíúåö ÇáÕøóáóÇÉõ æóÇáÓøóáóÇãõ -.(8/278)
æóÇáúÌóæóÇÈõ: Ãóäøó åóÐóÇ ãöäú ÃóÚúÙóãö ÇáúÈõåúÊóÇäö. ÃóãøóÇ ÃóÈõæ ÈóßúÑò: ÝóãóÇ ÚõÑöÝó Ãóäøóåõ ÇÓúÊóÝóÇÏó ãöäú Úóáöíøò ÔóíúÆðÇ ÃóÕúáðÇ. æóÚóáöíøñ ÞóÏú Ñóæóì Úóäúåõ æóÇÍúÊóÐóì ÍóÐúæóåõ æóÇÞúÊóÏóì ÈöÓöíÑóÊöåö. æóÃóãøóÇ ÚõãóÑõ: ÝóÞóÏö (* ÇÓúÊóÝóÇÏó Úóáöíøñ ãöäúåõ ÃóßúËóÑó ãöãøóÇ ÇÓúÊóÝóÇÏó ÚõãóÑõ ãöäúåõ. æóÃóãøóÇ ÚõËúãóÇäõ: ÝóÞóÏú ßóÇäó ÃóÞóáøó ÚöáúãðÇ ãöäú ÃóÈöí ÈóßúÑò æóÚõãóÑó¡ æóãóÚó åóÐóÇ ÝóãóÇ ßóÇäó *) (1) íóÍúÊóÇÌõ Åöáóì Úóáöíøò¡ ÍóÊøóì Ãóäøó ÈóÚúÖó ÇáäøóÇÓö ÔóßóÇ Åöáóì Úóáöíøò ÈóÚúÖó ÓõÚóÇÉö ÚõãøóÇáö ÚõËúãóÇäó¡ ÝóÃóÑúÓóáó Åöáóíúåö ÈößöÊóÇÈö ÇáÕøóÏóÞóÉö¡ ÝóÞóÇáó ÚõËúãóÇäõ (2) : áóÇ ÍóÇÌóÉó áóäóÇ Èöåö.
æóÕóÏóÞó ÚõËúãóÇäõ¡ æóåóÐöåö ÝóÑóÇÆöÖõ ÇáÕøóÏóÞóÉö æóäõÕõÈõåóÇ ÇáøóÊöí áóÇ ÊõÚúáóãõ ÅöáøóÇ ÈöÇáÊøóæúÞöíÝö (3) ÝöíåóÇ Úóäö ÇáäøóÈöíøö - Õóáøóì Çááøóåõ Úóáóíúåö æóÓóáøóãó - æóåöíó ãöäú ÃóÑúÈóÚö ØõÑõÞò: ÃóÕóÍøõåóÇ ÚöäúÏó ÚõáóãóÇÁö ÇáúãõÓúáöãöíäó ßöÊóÇÈõ ÃóÈöí ÈóßúÑò (* ÇáøóÐöí ßóÊóÈóåõ áöÃóäóÓö Èúäö ãóÇáößò¡ æóåóÐóÇ åõæó ÇáøóÐöí ÑóæóÇåõ ÇáúÈõÎóÇÑöíøõ (4) ¡ æóÚóãöáó Èöåö ÃóßúËóÑõ ÇáúÃóÆöãøóÉö. æóÈóÚúÏóåõ ßöÊóÇÈõ *) (5) ÚõãóÑó (6) .
æóÃóãøóÇ ÇáúßöÊóÇÈõ ÇáúãóäúÞõæáõ Úóäú Úóáöíøò ÝóÝöíåö ÃóÔúíóÇÁõ áóãú íóÃúÎõÐú ÈöåóÇ ÃóÍóÏñ ãöäó
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(1) ãóÇ Èóíúäó ÇáäøóÌúãóÊóíúäö ÓóÇÞöØñ ãöäú (ã) .
(2) Ó¡ È: Úóáöíøñ.
(3) ã: ÇáÊøóæóÞøõÝö.
(4) ÇáúÍóÏöíËõ Úóäú ÃóäóÓö Èúäö ãóÇáößò Úóäú ÃóÈöí ÈóßúÑò ÇáÕøöÏøöíÞö - ÑóÖöíó Çááøóåõ ÚóäúåõãóÇ - Ýöí ãóæóÇÖöÚó ãõÊóÝóÑøöÞóÉò Ýöí ÇáúÈõÎóÇÑöíøö (ÞóÇáó ÇáäøóÇÈõáúÓöíøõ Ýöí ÐóÎóÇÆöÑö ÇáúãóæóÇÑöíËö 3/144 - 145 Ýöí ÓöÊøóÉö ãóæóÇÖöÚó: Ýöí ÇáÒøóßóÇÉö æóÝöí ÇáúÎõãúÓö æóÝöí ÇáÔøóÑößóÉö æóÝöí ÇááøöÈóÇÓö æóÝöí ÊóÑúßö ÇáúÍöíóáö Úóäú ãõÍóãøóÏö Èúäö ÚóÈúÏö Çááøóåö Èúäö ÇáúãõËóäøóì) æóåõæó Ýöí: ÇáúÈõÎóÇÑöíøö 2/116 (ßöÊóÇÈõ ÇáÒøóßóÇÉö¡ ÈóÇÈõ ÇáúÚóÑóÖö ãöäó ÇáÒøóßóÇÉö) Óõäóäö ÃóÈöí ÏóÇæõÏó 2/129 - 131 (ßöÊóÇÈõ ÇáÒøóßóÇÉö¡ ÈóÇÈñ Ýöí ÒóßóÇÉö ÇáÓøóÇÆöãóÉö¡ ÇáúãõÓúäóÏö (Ø ÇáúãóÚóÇÑöÝö 1/183 - 184 (ÍóÏöíËñ ÑóÞúãõ (72) æóÞóÇáó ÇáÔøóíúÎõ ÃóÍúãóÏ ÔóÇßöÑ - ÑóÍöãóåõ Çááøóåõ -: " ÑóæóÇåõ ÃóíúÖðÇ ÃóÈõæ ÏóÇæõÏó æóÇáäøóÓóÇÆöíøõ æóÇáÏøóÇÑóÞõØúäöíøõ¡ æóÑóæóÇåõ ÇáúÈõÎóÇÑöíøõ ãõÝóÑøóÞðÇ Ýöí ãóæóÇÖöÚó ÕóÍöíÍóÉò ". æóÇáúÍóÏöíËõ ÃóíúÖðÇ Ýöí Óõäóäö ÇÈúäö ãóÇÌóåú.
(5) ãóÇ Èóíúäó ÇáäøóÌúãóÊóíúäö ÓóÇÞöØñ ãöäú (ã) .
(6) ÌóÇÁó ßöÊóÇÈõ ÚõãóÑó Ýöí ÇáÒøóßóÇÉö Ýöí: Óõäóäö ÃóÈöí ÏóÇæõÏó 2/132 - 134 (ßöÊóÇÈõ ÇáÒøóßóÇÉö¡ ÈóÇÈõ ÒóßóÇÉö ÇáÓøóÇÆöãóÉö) ; Óõäóäö ÇáÊøöÑúãöÐöíøö 2/66 - 67 (ßöÊóÇÈõ ÇáÒøóßóÇÉö¡ ÈóÇÈõ ãóÇ ÌóÇÁó Ýöí ÒóßóÇÉö ÇáúÅöÈöáö æóÇáúÛóäóãö) ; ÇáúãõæóØøóÃö 1/257 - 259 (ßöÊóÇÈõ ÇáÒøóßóÇÉö¡ ÈóÇÈõ ÕóÏóÞóÉö ÇáúãóÇÔöíóÉö) .(8/279)
ÇáúÚõáóãóÇÁö¡ ãöËúáó Þóæúáöåö: " Ýöí ÎóãúÓò æóÚöÔúÑöíäó ÎõãõÓõ (1) ÔóÇÉò " ; ÝóÅöäøó åóÐóÇ ÎöáóÇÝõ ÇáäøõÕõæÕö ÇáúãõÊóæóÇÊöÑóÉö Úóäö ÇáäøóÈöíøö - Õóáøóì Çááøóåõ Úóáóíúåö æóÓóáøóãó ; æóáöåóÐóÇ ßóÇäó ãóÇ Ñõæöíó Úóäú Úóáöíøò: ÅöãøóÇ ãóäúÓõæÎñ¡ æóÅöãøóÇ ÎóØóÃñ Ýöí ÇáäøóÞúáö.
æóÇáÑøóÇÈöÚõ: ßöÊóÇÈõ ÚóãúÑöæ Èúäö ÍóÒúãò¡ ßóÇäó ÞóÏú ßóÊóÈóåõ áóãøóÇ ÈóÚóËóåõ Åöáóì äóÌúÑóÇäó. æóßöÊóÇÈõ ÃóÈöí ÈóßúÑò åõæó ÂÎöÑõ ÇáúßõÊõÈö¡ ÝóßóíúÝó íóÞõæáõ ÚóÇÞöáñ: Åöäøóåõãú ßóÇäõæÇ íóáúÌóÆõæäó Åöáóíúåö Ýöí ÃóßúËóÑö ÇáúÃóÍúßóÇãö¡ æóÞõÖóÇÊõåõ áóãú íóßõæäõæÇ íóáúÊóÌöÆõæäó Åöáóíúåö¡ Èóáú ßóÇäó ÔõÑóíúÍñ [ÇáúÞóÇÖöí] (2) æóÚóÈöíÏóÉõ ÇáÓøóáúãóÇäöíøõ æóäóÍúæõåõãóÇ ãöäó ÇáúÞõÖóÇÉö ÇáøóÐöíäó ßóÇäõæÇ Ýöí Òóãóäö Úóáöíøò íóÞúÖõæäó ÈöãóÇ ÊóÚóáøóãõæåõ (3) ãöäú [ÛóíúÑö] (4) Úóáöíøò¡ æóßóÇäó ÔõÑóíúÍñ ÞóÏú ÊóÚóáøóãó ãöäú ãõÚóÇÐö Èúäö ÌóÈóáò æóÛóíúÑöåö ãöäó ÇáÕøóÍóÇÈóÉö¡ æóÚóÈöíÏóÉõ ÊóÚóáøóãó ãöäú ÚõãóÑó æóÛóíúÑöåö¡ æóßóÇäõæÇ áóÇ íõÔóÇæöÑõæäóåõ Ýöí ÚóÇãøóÉö ãóÇ íóÞúÖõæäó Èöåö ; ÇÓúÊöÛúäóÇÁð ÈöãóÇ ÚöäúÏóåõãú ãöäó ÇáúÚöáúãö¡ ÝóßóíúÝó íõÞóÇáõ: Åöäøó ÚõãóÑó æóÚõËúãóÇäó ßóÇäóÇ íóáúÊóÌöÆóÇäö Åöáóíúåö Ýöí ÃóßúËóÑö ÇáúÃóÍúßóÇãö.
æóÞóÏú ÞóÇáó Úóáöíøñ: ßóÇäó ÑóÃúíöí æóÑóÃúíõ ÚõãóÑó Ýöí ÃõãøóåóÇÊö ÇáúÃóæúáóÇÏö Ãóäú áóÇ íõÈóÚúäó¡ æóÇáúÂäó ÞóÏú ÑóÃóíúÊõ Ãóäú íõÈóÚúäó. ÝóÞóÇáó áóåõ ÚóÈöíÏóÉõ ÇáÓøóáúãóÇäöíøõ: ÑóÃúíõßó ãóÚó ÚõãóÑó Ýöí ÇáúÌóãóÇÚóÉö (5) ÃóÍóÈøõ ÅöáóíúäóÇ ãöäú ÑóÃúíößó æóÍúÏóßó Ýöí ÇáúÝõÑúÞóÉö.
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(1) ÎóãúÓò: ÓóÇÞöØóÉñ ãöäú (Ó) ¡ (È) .
(2) ÇáúÞóÇÖöí: ÒöíóÇÏóÉñ Ýöí (ã) .
(3) ä¡ ã¡ Ó: íóÚúáóãõæåõ.
(4) ÛóíúÑö: Ýöí (È) ÝóÞóØú.
(5) ä¡ Ó: ÇáúÌóãóÇÚóÇÊö.(8/280)
ÝóåóÐóÇ ÞóÇÖöíåö áóÇ íóÑúÌöÚõ Åöáóì ÑóÃúíöåö Ýöí åóÐöåö ÇáúãóÓúÃóáóÉö (1) ¡ ãóÚó Ãóäøó ÃóßúËóÑó ÇáäøóÇÓö ÅöäøóãóÇ ãóäóÚó ÈóíúÚóåóÇ ÊóÞúáöíÏðÇ áöÚõãóÑó¡ áóíúÓó ÝöíåóÇ äóÕøñ ÕóÑöíÍñ ÕóÍöíÍñ. ÝóÅöÐóÇ ßóÇäõæÇ áóÇ íóáúÊóÌöÆõæäó Åöáóíúåö Ýöí åóÐöåö ÇáúãóÓúÃóáóÉö¡ ÝóßóíúÝó íóáúÊóÌöÆõæäó Åöáóíúåö Ýöí ÛóíúÑöåóÇ¡ æóÝöíåóÇ ãöäó ÇáäøõÕõæÕö ãóÇ íóÔúÝöí æóíóßúÝöí¿ !
æóÅöäøóãóÇ ßóÇäó íóÞúÖöí æóáóÇ íõÔóÇæöÑõ ÚóáöíøðÇ¡ æóÑõÈøóãóÇ ÞóÖóì ÈöÞóÖöíøóÉò ÃóäúßóÑóåóÇ Úóáöíøñ áöãõÎóÇáóÝóÊöåóÇ Þóæúáó ÌõãúåõæÑö ÇáÕøóÍóÇÈóÉö¡ ßóÇÈúäóíú Úóãøò (2) æóÃóÎóæóíúäö (3) ÃóÍóÏõåõãóÇ ÃóÎñ áöÃõãøò ÞóÖóì áóåõ ÈöÇáúãóÇáö¡ ÝóÃóäúßóÑó Ðóáößó Úóáöíøñ¡ æóÞóÇáó: Èóáú íõÚúØóì ÇáÓøõÏõÓó¡ æóíóÔúÊóÑößóÇäö (4) Ýöí ÇáúÈóÇÞöí. æóåóÐóÇ Þóæúáõ ÓóÇÆöÑö ÇáÕøóÍóÇÈóÉö: ÒóíúÏò æóÛóíúÑöåö¡ Ýóáóãú íóßõäö ÇáäøóÇÓõ ãõÞóáøöÏöíäó Ýöí Ðóáößó ÃóÍóÏðÇ.
æóÞóæúáõ Úóáöíøò Ýöí ÇáúÌóÏøö áóãú íóÞõáú Èöåö ÃóÍóÏñ ãöäó ÇáúÚõáóãóÇÁö¡ ÅöáøóÇ ÇÈúäó ÃóÈöí áóíúáóì. æóÃóãøóÇ Þóæúáõ ÇÈúäö ãóÓúÚõæÏò ÝóÞóÇáó Èöåö ÃóÕúÍóÇÈõåõ¡ æóåõãú Ãóåúáõ ÇáúßõæÝóÉö¡ æóÞóæúáõ ÒóíúÏò ÞóÇáó Èöåö ÎóáúÞñ ßóËöíÑñ¡ æóÃóãøóÇ Þóæúáõ ÇáÕøöÏøöíÞö ÝóÞóÇáó Èöåö ÌõãúåõæÑõ ÇáÕøóÍóÇÈóÉö.
æóÞóÏú ÌóãóÚó ÇáÔøóÇÝöÚöíøõ æóãõÍóãøóÏõ Èúäõ äóÕúÑò ÇáúãóÑúæóÒöíøõ ßöÊóÇÈðÇ ßóÈöíÑðÇ ÝöíãóÇ áóãú íóÃúÎõÐú Èöåö ÇáúãõÓúáöãõæäó ãöäú Þóæúáö Úóáöíøò ; áößóæúäö Þóæúáö ÛóíúÑöåö ãöäó ÇáÕøóÍóÇÈóÉö ÃóÊúÈóÚó áöáúßöÊóÇÈö æóÇáÓøõäøóÉö¡ æóßóÇäó ÇáúãóÑúÌõæÍõ ãöäú Þóæúáöåö ÃóßúËóÑó ãöäó ÇáúãóÑúÌõæÍö ãöäú Þóæúáö ÃóÈöí ÈóßúÑò æóÚõãóÑó æóÚõËúãóÇäó¡ æóÇáÑøóÇÌöÍõ ãöäú ÃóÞóÇæöíáöåöãú ÃóßúËóÑõ¡ ÝóßóíúÝó Ãóäøóåõãú ßóÇäõæÇ íóáúÊóÌöÆõæäó Åöáóíúåö Ýöí ÃóßúËóÑö ÇáúÃóÍúßóÇãö¿ !
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(1) ä: áóÇ íóÑúÌöÚõ Åöáóíúåö Ýöí ÑóÃúíöåö Ýöí åóÐöåö ÇáúãóÓúÃóáóÉö¡ ã: áóÇ íóÑúÌöÚõ Åöáóíúåö Ýöí ÑóÃúíöåö åóÐöåö ÇáúãóÓúÃóáóÉó.
(2) ä¡ ã¡ Ó: ßóÇÈúäö Úóãøò.
(3) æóÃóÎóæóíúäö: ÓóÇÞöØóÉñ ãöäú (È) .
(4) ä: æóíõÔúÑóßóÇäö.(8/281)
[ÝÕá ÞÇá ÇáÑÇÝÖí ÇáÑÇÈÚ ÇáæÞÇÆÚ ÇáÕÇÏÑÉ Úäåã]
ÝóÕúáñ
ÞóÇáó ÇáÑøóÇÝöÖöíøõ (1) : " ÇáÑøóÇÈöÚõ: ÇáúæóÞóÇÆöÚõ ÇáÕøóÇÏöÑóÉõ Úóäúåõãú (2) ¡ æóÞóÏú ÊóÞóÏøóãó ÃóßúËóÑõåóÇ ".
ÞõáúäóÇ: ÇáúÌóæóÇÈõ ÞóÏú ÊóÞóÏøóãó ÚóäúåóÇ ãõÌúãóáðÇ æóãõÝóÕøóáðÇ. æóÈóíóÇäõ ÇáúÌóæóÇÈö (3) ÚóãøóÇ íõäúßóÑõ Úóáóíúåöãú ÃóíúÓóÑõ ãöäó ÇáúÌóæóÇÈö ÚóãøóÇ íõäúßóÑõ Úóáóì Úóáöíøò¡ æóÃóäøóåõ áóÇ íõãúßöäõ ÃóÍóÏñ áóåõ Úöáúãñ æóÚóÏúáñ Ãóäú íóÌúÑóÍóåõãú æóíõÒóßøöíó ÚóáöíøðÇ¡ Èóáú ãóÊóì Òóßøóì ÚóáöíøðÇ ßóÇäõæÇ Ãóæúáóì ÈöÇáÊøóÒúßöíóÉö¡ æóÅöäú ÌóÑóÍóåõãú ßóÇäó ÞóÏú ØóÑóÞó ÇáúÌóÑúÍõ Åöáóì Úóáöíøò ÈöØóÑöíÞö ÇáúÃóæúáóì.
æóÇáÑøóÇÝöÖóÉõ Åöäú ØóÑóÏóÊú ÞóæúáóåóÇ áóÒöãóåóÇ ÌóÑúÍõ Úóáöíøò ÃóÚúÙóãó ãöäú ÌóÑúÍö ÇáËøóáóÇËóÉö¡ æóÅöäú áóãú ÊóØúÑõÏúåõ ÊóÈóíøóäó ÝóÓóÇÏõåõ æóÊóäóÇÞõÖõåõ¡ æóåõæó ÇáÕøóæóÇÈõ.
ßóãóÇ íóáúÒóãõ ãöËúáõ Ðóáößó ÇáúíóåõæÏó æóÇáäøóÕóÇÑóì ÅöÐóÇ ÞóÏóÍõæÇ Ýöí äõÈõæøóÉö ãõÍóãøóÏò Ïõæäó äõÈõæøóÉö ãõæÓóì æóÚöíÓóì¡ ÝóãóÇ íõæÑöÏõ ÇáúßöÊóÇÈöíøõ Úóáóì äõÈõæøóÉö ãõÍóãøóÏò ÓõÄóÇáðÇ ÅöáøóÇ æóíóÑöÏõ Úóáóì äõÈõæøóÉö ãõæÓóì æóÚöíÓóì ÃóÚúÙóãõ ãöäúåõ¡ æóãóÇ íõæÑöÏõ ÇáÑøóÇÝöÖöíøõ Úóáóì ÅöãóÇãóÉö ÇáËøóáóÇËóÉö ÅöáøóÇ æóíóÑöÏõ Úóáóì ÅöãóÇãóÉö Úóáöíøò ãóÇ åõæó ÃóÚúÙóãõ ãöäúåõ¡ æóãóÇ íõæÑöÏõåõ (4) ÇáúÝóíúáóÓõæÝõ Úóáóì Ãóåúáö Çáúãöáóáö íóÑöÏõ Úóáóíúåö ãóÇ åõæó ÃóÚúÙóãõ ãöäúåõ. æóåóßóÐóÇ ßõáøõ ãóäú ßóÇäó ÃóÈúÚóÏó Úóäö ÇáúÍóÞøö ãöäú ÛóíúÑöåö íóÑöÏõ Úóáóíúåö ÃóÚúÙóãõ ãöãøóÇ íóÑöÏõ Úóáóì ÇáúÃóÞúÑóÈö Åöáóì ÇáúÍóÞøö (5) .
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(1) Ýöí (ß) Õ 194 (ã) .
(2) ß: ãöäúåõãú.
(3) ä¡ ã: æóÈóíóÇäõ Ãóäøó ÇáúÌóæóÇÈó.
(4) Ó¡ È: æóãóÇ íõæÑöÏõ.
(5) ÚöÈóÇÑóÉõ Åöáóì ÇáúÍóÞøö " ÓóÇÞöØóÉñ ãöäú (Ó) ¡ (È) .(8/282)
æóãöäó ÇáØøõÑõÞö ÇáúÍóÓóäóÉö Ýöí ãõäóÇÙóÑóÉö åóÐóÇ Ãóäú íõæÑöÏó Úóáóíúåö ãöäú ÌöäúÓö ãóÇ íõæÑöÏõåõ Úóáóì Ãóåúáö ÇáúÍóÞøö æóãóÇ åõæó ÃóÛúáóÙõ ãöäúåõ ; ÝóÅöäøó ÇáúãõÚóÇÑóÖóÉó äóÇÝöÚóÉñ¡ æóÍöíäóÆöÐò ÝóÅöäú Ýõåöãó ÇáúÌóæóÇÈõ ÇáÕøóÍöíÍõ Úõáöãó ÇáúÌóæóÇÈõ ÚóãøóÇ íõæÑöÏõ Úóáóì ÇáúÍóÞøö¡ æóÅöäú æóÞóÚó Ýöí ÇáúÍóíúÑóÉö æóÇáúÚóÌúÒö Úóäö ÇáúÌóæóÇÈö ÇäúÏóÝóÚó ÔóÑøõåõ ÈöÐóáößó¡ æóÞöíáó áóåõ: ÌóæóÇÈõßó Úóäú åóÐóÇ åõæó ÌóæóÇÈõäóÇ Úóäú åóÐóÇ.
[ÝÕá ÞÇá ÇáÑÇÝÖí ÇáÎÇãÓ Þæáå ÊÚÇáì " áÇ íäÇá ÚåÏí ÇáÙÇáãíä " ÃÎÈÑ ÈÃä ÚåÏ ÇáÅãÇãÉ áÇ íÕá Åáì ÇáÙÇáã æÇáÑÏ Úáíå]
ÝóÕúáñ
ÞóÇáó ÇáÑøóÇÝöÖöíøõ (1) : " ÇáúÎóÇãöÓõ: Þóæúáõåõ ÊóÚóÇáóì: {áóÇ íóäóÇáõ ÚóåúÏöí ÇáÙøóÇáöãöíäó} [ÓõæÑóÉõ ÇáúÈóÞóÑóÉö: 124] ÃóÎúÈóÑó ÈöÃóäøó ÚóåúÏó ÇáúÅöãóÇãóÉö áóÇ íóÕöáõ Åöáóì ÇáÙøóÇáöãö. æóÇáúßóÇÝöÑõ ÙóÇáöãñ (2) ; áöÞóæúáöåö: {æóÇáúßóÇÝöÑõæäó åõãõ ÇáÙøóÇáöãõæäó} [ÓõæÑóÉõ ÇáúÈóÞóÑóÉö: 254] . æóáóÇ Ôóßøó Ýöí Ãóäøó ÇáËøóáóÇËóÉó ßóÇäõæÇ ßõÝøóÇÑðÇ íóÚúÈõÏõæäó ÇáúÃóÕúäóÇãó¡ Åöáóì Ãóäú ÙóåóÑó ÇáäøóÈöíøõ - Õóáøóì Çááøóåõ Úóáóíúåö æóÓóáøóãó ".
æóÇáúÌóæóÇÈõ ãöäú æõÌõæåò: ÃóÍóÏõåóÇ: Ãóäú íõÞóÇáó: ÇáúßõÝúÑõ ÇáøóÐöí íóÚúÞõÈõåõ ÇáúÅöíãóÇäõ ÇáÕøóÍöíÍõ áóãú íóÈúÞó Úóáóì ÕóÇÍöÈöåö ãöäúåõ Ðóãøñ. åóÐóÇ ãóÚúáõæãñ ÈöÇáöÇÖúØöÑóÇÑö ãöäú Ïöíäö ÇáúÅöÓúáóÇãö¡ Èóáú ãöäú Ïöíäö ÇáÑøõÓõáö ßõáøöåöãú.
ßóãóÇ ÞóÇáó ÊóÚóÇáóì: {Þõáú áöáøóÐöíäó ßóÝóÑõæÇ Åöäú íóäúÊóåõæÇ íõÛúÝóÑú áóåõãú ãóÇ ÞóÏú ÓóáóÝó} [ÓõæÑóÉõ ÇáúÃóäúÝóÇáö: 38] . æóÞóÇáó ÇáäøóÈöíøõ - Õóáøóì Çááøóåõ Úóáóíúåö æóÓóáøóãó - Ýöí ÇáúÍóÏöíËö
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(1) Ýöí (ß) Õ 194 (ã) .
(2) ÙóÇáöãñ: ÓóÇÞöØóÉñ ãöäú (ß) .(8/283)
ÇáÕøóÍöíÍö (1) : " «Åöäøó ÇáúÅöÓúáóÇãó íóÌõÈøõ ãóÇ ÞóÈúáóåõ» "¡ æóÝöí áóÝúÙò: " «íóåúÏöãõ ãóäú ßóÇäó ÞóÈúáóåõ¡ æóÅöäøó ÇáúåöÌúÑóÉó ÊóåúÏöãõ ãóÇ ßóÇäó ÞóÈúáóåóÇ¡ æóÅöäøó ÇáúÍóÌøó íóåúÏöãõ ãóÇ ßóÇäó ÞóÈúáóåõ» " (2) .
ÇáËøóÇäöí: Ãóäøóåõ áóíúÓó ßõáøõ ãóäú æõáöÏó Úóáóì ÇáúÅöÓúáóÇãö ÈöÃóÝúÖóáó ãöãøóäú ÃóÓúáóãó ÈöäóÝúÓöåö¡ Èóáú ÞóÏú ËóÈóÊó ÈöÇáäøõÕõæÕö ÇáúãõÓúÊóÝöíÖóÉö Ãóäøó ÎóíúÑó ÇáúÞõÑõæäö ÇáúÞóÑúäõ ÇáúÃóæøóáõ (3) ¡ æóÚóÇãøóÊõåõãú ÃóÓúáóãõæÇ ÈöÃóäúÝõÓöåöãú ÈóÚúÏó ÇáúßõÝúÑö¡ æóåõãú ÃóÝúÖóáõ ãöäó ÇáúÞóÑúäö ÇáËøóÇäöí ÇáøóÐöíäó æõáöÏõæÇ Úóáóì ÇáúÅöÓúáóÇãö.
æóáöåóÐóÇ ÞóÇáó (4) ÃóßúËóÑõ ÇáúÚõáóãóÇÁö: Åöäøóåõ íóÌõæÒõ Úóáóì Çááøóåö Ãóäú íóÈúÚóËó äóÈöíøðÇ (5) ãöãøóäú Âãóäó ÈöÇáúÃóäúÈöíóÇÁö ÞóÈúáó ãõÍóãøóÏò - Õóáøóì Çááøóåõ Úóáóíúåö æóÓóáøóãó ; ÝóÅöäøóåõ ÅöÐóÇ ÌóÇÒó Ãóäú íóÈúÚóËó äóÈöíøðÇ ãöäú ÐõÑøöíøóÉö ÅöÈúÑóÇåöíãó æóãõæÓóì¡ Ýóãöäó ÇáøóÐöíäó ÂãóäõæÇ ÈöåöãóÇ Ãóæúáóì æóÃóÍúÑóì.
ßóãóÇ ÞóÇáó ÊóÚóÇáóì: {ÝóÂãóäó áóåõ áõæØñ æóÞóÇáó Åöäøöí ãõåóÇÌöÑñ Åöáóì ÑóÈøöí} [ÓõæÑóÉõ ÇáúÚóäúßóÈõæÊö: 26] .
æóÞóÇáó ÊóÚóÇáóì: {æóÞóÇáó ÇáøóÐöíäó ßóÝóÑõæÇ áöÑõÓõáöåöãú áóäõÎúÑöÌóäøóßõãú ãöäú ÃóÑúÖöäóÇ Ãóæú áóÊóÚõæÏõäøó Ýöí ãöáøóÊöäóÇ ÝóÃóæúÍóì Åöáóíúåöãú ÑóÈøõåõãú áóäõåúáößóäøó ÇáÙøóÇáöãöíäó - æóáóäõÓúßöäóäøóßõãõ ÇáúÃóÑúÖó ãöäú ÈóÚúÏöåöãú} [ÓõæÑóÉõ ÅöÈúÑóÇåöíãó: 13 - 14] .
æóÞóÇáó ÊóÚóÇáóì: {ÞóÇáó ÇáúãóáóÃõ ÇáøóÐöíäó ÇÓúÊóßúÈóÑõæÇ ãöäú Þóæúãöåö áóäõÎúÑöÌóäøóßó íóÇÔõÚóíúÈõ æóÇáøóÐöíäó ÂãóäõæÇ ãóÚóßó ãöäú ÞóÑúíóÊöäóÇ Ãóæú áóÊóÚõæÏõäøó Ýöí ãöáøóÊöäóÇ ÞóÇáó Ãóæóáóæú ßõäøóÇ ßóÇÑöåöíäó - ÞóÏö ÇÝúÊóÑóíúäóÇ Úóáóì Çááøóåö ßóÐöÈðÇ Åöäú ÚõÏúäóÇ Ýöí ãöáøóÊößõãú ÈóÚúÏó ÅöÐú äóÌøóÇäóÇ Çááøóåõ ãöäúåóÇ æóãóÇ íóßõæäõ áóäóÇ Ãóäú äóÚõæÏó ÝöíåóÇ ÅöáøóÇ Ãóäú íóÔóÇÁó Çááøóåõ ÑóÈøõäóÇ æóÓöÚó ÑóÈøõäóÇ} ÇáúÂíóÉó [ÓõæÑóÉõ ÇáúÃóÚúÑóÇÝö: 88 - 89] .
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(1) ÚöÈóÇÑóÉõ " Ýöí ÇáúÍóÏöíËö ÇáÕøóÍöíÍö ": ÓóÇÞöØóÉñ ãöäú (Ó) ¡ (È) .
(2) ÓóÈóÞó åóÐóÇ ÇáúÍóÏöíËõ ÝöíãóÇ ãóÖóì 4/598 æóÃóæøóáõåõ åõäóÇßó: ÃóãóÇ ÚóáöãúÊó Ãóäøó ÇáúÅöÓúáóÇãó. . .
(3) ÓóÈóÞó åóÐóÇ ÇáúÎóÈóÑõ ÝöíãóÇ ãóÖóì 2/35.
(4) ä¡ ã: ßóÇäó¡ æóåõæó ÎóØóÃñ.
(5) äóÈöíøðÇ: ÓóÇÞöØóÉñ ãöäú (Ó) ¡ (È) .(8/284)
æóØóÑúÏõ åóÐóÇ: ãóäú ÊóÇÈó ãöäó ÇáÐøóäúÈö æóÛõÝöÑó áóåõ (1) áóãú íóÞúÏóÍú (2) Ýöí Úõáõæøö ÏóÑóÌóÊöåö ßóÇÆöäðÇ ãóäú ßóÇäó. æóÇáÑøóÇÝöÖóÉõ áóåõãú Ýöí åóÐóÇ ÇáúÈóÇÈö Þóæúáñ ÝóÇÑóÞõæÇ Èöåö ÇáúßöÊóÇÈó æóÇáÓøõäøóÉó æóÅöÌúãóÇÚó ÇáÓøóáóÝö æóÏóáóÇÆöáó ÇáúÚõÞõæáö¡ æóÇáúÊóÒóãõæÇ áöÃóÌúáö Ðóáößó ãóÇ íõÚúáóãõ ÈõØúáóÇäõåõ ÈöÇáÖøóÑõæÑóÉö¡ ßóÏóÚúæóÇåõãú ÅöíãóÇäó ÂÒóÑó¡ æóÃóÈóæóíö ÇáäøóÈöíøö æóÃóÌúÏóÇÏöåö æóÚóãøöåö ÃóÈöí ØóÇáöÈò¡ æóÛóíúÑö Ðóáößó.
ÇáËøóÇáöËõ: Ãóäú íõÞóÇáó: ÞóÈúáó Ãóäú íóÈúÚóËó Çááøóåõ ãõÍóãøóÏðÇ - Õóáøóì Çááøóåõ Úóáóíúåö æóÓóáøóãó - áóãú íóßõäú ÃóÍóÏñ ãõÄúãöäðÇ ãöäú ÞõÑóíúÔò: áóÇ ÑóÌõáñ æóáóÇ ÕóÈöíøñ æóáóÇ ÇãúÑóÃóÉñ¡ æóáóÇ ÇáËøóáóÇËóÉõ (3) ¡ æóáóÇ Úóáöíøñ¡ æóÅöÐóÇ Þöíáó Úóäö ÇáÑøöÌóÇáö: Åöäøóåõãú ßóÇäõæÇ íóÚúÈõÏõæäó ÇáúÃóÕúäóÇãó¡ ÝóÇáÕøöÈúíóÇäõ (4) ßóÐóáößó: Úóáöíøñ æóÛóíúÑõåõ.
æóÅöäú Þöíáó: ßõÝúÑõ ÇáÕøóÈöíøö áóíúÓó ãöËúáó ßõÝúÑö ÇáúÈóÇáöÛö.
Þöíáó: æóáóÇ ÅöíãóÇäõ ÇáÕøóÈöíøö ãöËúáó ÅöíãóÇäö ÇáúÈóÇáöÛö ; ÝóÃõæáóÆößó íóËúÈõÊõ áóåõãú Íõßúãõ ÇáúÅöíãóÇäö æóÇáúßõÝúÑö æóåõãú ÈóÇáöÛõæäó¡ æóÚóáöíøñ íóËúÈõÊõ áóåõ Íõßúãõ ÇáúßõÝúÑö æóÇáúÅöíãóÇäö æóåõæó Ïõæäó ÇáúÈõáõæÛö.
æóÇáÕøóÈöíøõ ÇáúãóæúáõæÏõ Èóíúäó ÃóÈóæóíúäö ßóÇÝöÑóíúäö íóÌúÑöí Úóáóíúåö Íõßúãõ ÇáúßõÝúÑö Ýöí ÇáÏøõäúíóÇ
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(1) Ó: æóØóÑúÏõ åóÐóÇ ãöäú ÈóÇÈö ÇáÐøóäúÈö æóÛõÝöÑó áóåõ¡ È: æóØóÑúÏõ åóÐóÇ ãöäú ÈóÇÈö ÇáÐøóäúÈö æóÛõÝúÑóÇäöåö áóåõ. .
(2) ã: æóáóãú íóÞúÏóÍú
(3) ä: æóáóÇ ÇãúÑóÃóÉñ æóáóÇ ÇáËøóáóÇËóÉõ.
(4) Ó¡ È: æóÇáÕøõáúÈóÇäõ¡ æóåõæó ÊóÍúÑöíÝñ.(8/285)
ÈöÇÊøöÝóÇÞö ÇáúãõÓúáöãöíäó. æóÅöÐóÇ ÃóÓúáóãó ÞóÈúáó ÇáúÈõáõæÛö Ýóåóáú íóÌúÑöí Úóáóíúåö Íõßúãõ ÇáúÅöÓúáóÇãö ÞóÈúáó ÇáúÈõáõæÛö¿ (1) Úóáóì Þóæúáóíúäö áöáúÚõáóãóÇÁö¡ ÈöÎöáóÇÝö ÇáúÈóÇáöÛö ÝóÅöäøóåõ íóÕöíÑõ ãõÓúáöãðÇ ÈöÇÊøöÝóÇÞö ÇáúãõÓúáöãöíäó.
ÝóßóÇäó ÅöÓúáóÇãõ ÇáËøóáóÇËóÉö ãõÎúÑöÌðÇ áóåõãú ãöäó ÇáúßõÝúÑö ÈöÇÊøöÝóÇÞö ÇáúãõÓúáöãöíäó. æóÃóãøóÇ ÅöÓúáóÇãõ Úóáöíøò¡ Ýóåóáú íóßõæäõ ãõÎúÑöÌðÇ áóåõ ãöäó ÇáúßõÝúÑö¿ Úóáóì Þóæúáóíúäö ãóÔúåõæÑóíúäö. æóãóÐúåóÈõ ÇáÔøóÇÝöÚöíøö Ãóäøó ÅöÓúáóÇãó ÇáÕøóÈöíøö ÛóíúÑõ ãõÎúÑöÌò áóåõ ãöäó ÇáúßõÝúÑö.
æóÃóãøóÇ ßóæúäõ ÕóÈöíøò ãöäó ÇáÕøöÈúíóÇäö ÞóÈúáó ÇáäøõÈõæøóÉö ÓóÌóÏó áöÕóäóãò Ãóæú áóãú íóÓúÌõÏú¡ Ýóåõæó áóãú íõÚúÑóÝú ; ÝóáóÇ íõãúßöäõ ÇáúÌóÒúãõ ÈöÃóäøó ÚóáöíøðÇ Ãóæö ÇáÒøõÈóíúÑó (2) æóäóÍúæóåõãóÇ (3) áóãú íóÓúÌõÏõæÇ áöÕóäóãò¡ ßóãóÇ Ãóäøóåõ áóíúÓó ãóÚóäóÇ äóÞúáñ ÈöËõÈõæÊö Ðóáößó¡ Èóáú æóáóÇ ãóÚóäóÇ äóÞúáñ ãõÚóíøóäñ Úóäú ÃóÍóÏò ãöäó ÇáËøóáóÇËóÉö Ãóäøóåõ ÓóÌóÏó áöÕóäóãò. Èóáú åóÐóÇ íõÞóÇáõ áöÃóäøó ãöäú ÚóÇÏóÉö ÞõÑóíúÔò ÞóÈúáó ÇáúÅöÓúáóÇãö Ãóäú íóÓúÌõÏõæÇ áöáúÃóÕúäóÇãö ; æóÍöíäóÆöÐò ÝóåóÐóÇ ãõãúßöäñ Ýöí ÇáÕøöÈúíóÇäö¡ ßóãóÇ åõæó ÇáúÚóÇÏóÉõ Ýöí ãöËúáö Ðóáößó.
ÇáÑøóÇÈöÚõ: Ãóäøó ÃóÓúãóÇÁó ÇáÐøóãøö: ßóÇáúßõÝúÑö¡ æóÇáÙøõáúãö¡ æóÇáúÝöÓúÞö ÇáøóÊöí Ýöí ÇáúÞõÑúÂäö - áóÇ ÊóÊóäóÇæóáõ ÅöáøóÇ ãóäú ßóÇäó ãõÞöíãðÇ Úóáóì Ðóáößó¡ æóÃóãøóÇ ãóäú (* ÕóÇÑó ãõÄúãöäðÇ ÈóÚúÏó ÇáúßõÝúÑö¡ æóÚóÇÏöáðÇ ÈóÚúÏó ÇáÙøõáúãö¡ æóÈóÑøðÇ ÈóÚúÏó ÇáúÝõÌõæÑö - ÝóåóÐóÇ ÊóÊóäóÇæóáõåõ ÃóÓúãóÇÁõ ÇáúãóÏúÍö *) (4) Ïõæäó ÃóÓúãóÇÁö ÇáÐøóãøö ÈöÇÊøöÝóÇÞö ÇáúãõÓúáöãöíäó.
ÝóÞóæúáõåõ ÚóÒøó æóÌóáøó: {áóÇ íóäóÇáõ ÚóåúÏöí ÇáÙøóÇáöãöíäó} [ÓõæÑóÉõ ÇáúÈóÞóÑóÉö: 124] ¡ Ãóíú:
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(1) (1 - 1) ÓóÇÞöØñ ãöäú (Ó) ¡ (È) .
(2) ã: æóÇáÒøõÈóíúÑó.
(3) Ó¡ È: Ãóæú äóÍúæóåõãóÇ.
(4) ãóÇ Èóíúäó ÇáäøóÌúãóÊóíúäö ÓóÇÞöØñ ãöäú (ã) .(8/286)
íóäóÇáõ ÇáúÚóÇÏöáó Ïõæäó ÇáÙøóÇáöãö¡ ÝóÅöÐóÇ ÞõÏøöÑó Ãóäøó ÔóÎúÕðÇ ßóÇäó ÙóÇáöãðÇ Ëõãøó ÊóÇÈó æóÕóÇÑó ÚóÇÏöáðÇ ÊóäóÇæóáóåõ (1) ÇáúÚóåúÏõ ßóãóÇ íóÊóäóÇæóáõåõ ÓóÇÆöÑõ ÂíóÇÊö ÇáúãóÏúÍö æóÇáËøóäóÇÁö.
áöÞóæúáöåö (2) ÊóÚóÇáóì: {Åöäøó ÇáúÃóÈúÑóÇÑó áóÝöí äóÚöíãò} [ÓõæÑóÉõ ÇáúãõØóÝøöÝöíäó: 22] ¡ æóÞóæúáöåö: {Åöäøó ÇáúãõÊøóÞöíäó Ýöí ÌóäøóÇÊò æóäóÚöíãò} [ÓõæÑóÉõ ÇáØøõæÑö: 17] (3) .
ÇáúÎóÇãöÓõ: Ãóäøó ãóäú ÞóÇáó: Åöäøó ÇáúãõÓúáöãó ÈóÚúÏó ÅöíãóÇäöåö ßóÇÝöÑñ¡ Ýóåõæó ßóÇÝöÑñ ÈöÅöÌúãóÇÚö ÇáúãõÓúáöãöíäó. ÝóßóíúÝó íõÞóÇáõ Úóäú ÃóÝúÖóáö ÇáúÎóáúÞö ÅöíãóÇäðÇ: Åöäøóåõãú ßõÝøóÇÑñ ; áöÃóÌúáö ãóÇ ÊóÞóÏøóãó.
ÇáÓøóÇÏöÓõ: Ãóäøóåõ ÞóÇáó áöãõæÓóì: {Åöäøöí áóÇ íóÎóÇÝõ áóÏóíøó ÇáúãõÑúÓóáõæäó - ÅöáøóÇ ãóäú Ùóáóãó Ëõãøó ÈóÏøóáó ÍõÓúäðÇ ÈóÚúÏó ÓõæÁò ÝóÅöäøöí ÛóÝõæÑñ ÑóÍöíãñ} [ÓõæÑóÉõ Çáäøóãúáö: 10 - 11.
ÇáÓøóÇÈöÚõ: Ãóäøóåõ ÞóÇáó: {ÅöäøóÇ ÚóÑóÖúäóÇ ÇáúÃóãóÇäóÉó Úóáóì ÇáÓøóãóÇæóÇÊö æóÇáúÃóÑúÖö æóÇáúÌöÈóÇáö ÝóÃóÈóíúäó Ãóäú íóÍúãöáúäóåóÇ æóÃóÔúÝóÞúäó ãöäúåóÇ æóÍóãóáóåóÇ ÇáúÅöäúÓóÇäõ Åöäøóåõ ßóÇäó ÙóáõæãðÇ ÌóåõæáðÇ - áöíõÚóÐøöÈó Çááøóåõ ÇáúãõäóÇÝöÞöíäó æóÇáúãõäóÇÝöÞóÇÊö æóÇáúãõÔúÑößöíäó æóÇáúãõÔúÑößóÇÊö æóíóÊõæÈó Çááøóåõ Úóáóì ÇáúãõÄúãöäöíäó æóÇáúãõÄúãöäóÇÊö} ÇáúÂíóÉó [ÓõæÑóÉõ ÇáúÃóÍúÒóÇÈö: 72 - 73] .
ÝóÞóÏú ÃóÎúÈóÑóäóÇ Çááøóåõ Úóäú ÌöäúÓö ÇáúÅöäúÓóÇäö Ãóäøóåõ Ùóáõæãñ Ìóåõæáñ¡ æóÇÓúÊóËúäóì ãöäó ÇáúÚóÐóÇÈö ãóäú ÊóÇÈó. æóäõÕõæÕõ ÇáúßöÊóÇÈö ÕóÑöíÍóÉñ Ýöí Ãóäøó ßõáøó Èóäöí ÂÏóãó áóÇ ÈõÏøó Ãóäú íóÊõæÈó. æóåóÐöåö ÇáúãóÓúÃóáóÉõ ãõÊóÚóáøöÞóÉñ ÈöãóÓúÃóáóÉö ÇáúÚöÕúãóÉö: åóáö ÇáúÃóäúÈöíóÇÁõ ãóÚúÕõæãõæäó ãöäó ÇáÐøõäõæÈö Ãóãú áóÇ ÝóíóÍúÊóÇÌõæäó Åöáóì ÊóæúÈóÉò¿ æóÇáúßóáóÇãõ ÝöíåóÇ ãóÈúÓõæØñ ÞóÏú ÊóÞóÏøóãó.
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(1) Ó¡ È: íóÊóäóÇæóáõåõ. .
(2) È: ßóÞóæúáöåö.
(3) ã:. . . Ýöí ÌóäøóÇÊò æóÚõíõæäò.(8/287)
[ÝÕá ÞÇá ÇáÑÇÝÖí ÇáÓÇÏÓ Þæá ÃÈí ÈßÑ ÃÞíáæäí ÝáÓÊ ÈÎíÑßã æÇáÑÏ Úáíå]
ÝóÕúáñ
ÞóÇáó ÇáÑøóÇÝöÖöíøõ (1) : " ÇáÓøóÇÏöÓõ: Þóæúáõ ÃóÈöí ÈóßúÑò: " ÃóÞöíáõæäöí ; ÝóáóÓúÊõ ÈöÎóíúÑößõãú (2) "¡ æóáóæú ßóÇäó ÅöãóÇãðÇ áóãú íóÌõÒú áóåõ ØóáóÈõ ÇáúÅöÞóÇáóÉö ".
æóÇáúÌóæóÇÈõ: Ãóäøó åóÐóÇ: ÃóæøóáðÇ ßóÇäó íóäúÈóÛöí Ãóäú íõÈóíøóäó ÕöÍøóÊõåõ¡ æóÅöáøóÇ ÝóãóÇ ßóáøõ ãóäúÞõæáò ÕóÍöíÍñ. æóÇáúÞóÏúÍõ ÈöÛóíúÑö ÇáÕøóÍöíÍö áóÇ íóÕöÍøõ.
æóËóÇäöíðÇ: Åöäú ÕóÍøó åóÐóÇ Úóäú ÃóÈöí ÈóßúÑò áóãú ÊóÌõÒú ãõÚóÇÑóÖóÊõåõ ÈöÞóæúáö ÇáúÞóÇÆöáö: ÇáúÅöãóÇãõ áóÇ íóÌõæÒõ áóåõ ØóáóÈõ ÇáúÅöÞóÇáóÉö ; ÝóÅöäøó åóÐöåö ÏóÚúæóì ãõÌóÑøóÏóÉñ áóÇ Ïóáöíáó ÚóáóíúåóÇ¡ Ýóáöãó áóÇ íóÌõæÒõ áóåõ ØóáóÈõ ÇáúÅöÞóÇáóÉö Åöäú ßóÇäó ÞóÇáó Ðóáößó¿ Èóáú Åöäú ßóÇäó ÞóÇáóåõ áóãú íóßõäú ãóÚóäóÇ (3) ÅöÌúãóÇÚñ Úóáóì äóÞöíÖö Ðóáößó æóáóÇ äóÕøñ¡ ÝóáóÇ íóÌöÈõ ÇáúÌóÒúãõ ÈöÃóäøóåõ ÈóÇØöáñ. æóÅöäú áóãú íóßõäú ÞóÇáóåõ ÝóáóÇ íóÖõÑøõ ÊóÍúÑöíãõ åóÐóÇ ÇáúÞóæúáö.
æóÃóãøóÇ ÊóËúÈöíÊõ ßóæúäö ÇáÕøöÏøöíÞö ÞóÇáóåõ¡ æóÇáúÞóÏúÍõ Ýöí Ðóáößó ÈöãõÌóÑøóÏö ÇáÏøóÚúæóì¡ Ýóåõæó ßóáóÇãõ ãóäú áóÇ íõÈóÇáöí ãóÇ íóÞõæáõ.
æóÞóÏú íõÞóÇáõ: åóÐóÇ (4) íóÏõáøõ Úóáóì ÇáÒøõåúÏö Ýöí ÇáúæöáóÇíóÉö æóÇáúæóÑóÚö ÝöíåóÇ¡ æóÎóæúÝö Çááøóåö Ãóäú áóÇ íóÞõæãó ÈöÍõÞõæÞöåóÇ. æóåóÐóÇ íõäóÇÞöÖõ ãóÇ íóÞõæáõåõ ÇáÑøóÇÝöÖõÉõ: Åöäøóåõ ßóÇäó ØóÇáöÈðÇ áöáÑøöíóÇÓóÉö¡ ÑóÇÛöÈðÇ Ýöí ÇáúæöáóÇíóÉö.
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(1) Ýöí (ß) Õ 195 (ã) .
(2) ß: ÝóáóÓúÊõ ÈöÎóíúÑößõãú æóÚóáöíøñ Ýöíßõãú.
(3) ä¡ ã: ãóÚúäóÇåõ.
(4) È: æóåóÐóÇ.(8/288)
[ÝÕá ÞÇá ÇáÑÇÝÖí ÇáÓÇÈÚ Þæá ÃÈí ÈßÑ ÚäÏ ãæÊå áíÊäí ÓÃáÊ ÑÓæá åá ááÃäÕÇÑ Ýí åÐÇ ÇáÃãÑ ÍÞ æÇáÑÏ Úáíå]
ÝóÕúáñ
ÞóÇáó ÇáÑøóÇÝöÖöíøõ (1) : " ÇáÓøóÇÈöÚõ: Þóæúáõ ÃóÈöí ÈóßúÑò ÚöäúÏó ãóæúÊöåö: áóíúÊóäöí ßõäúÊõ ÓóÃóáúÊõ ÑóÓõæáó Çááøóåö - Õóáøóì Çááøóåõ Úóáóíúåö æóÓóáøóãó: åóáú áöáúÃóäúÕóÇÑö Ýöí åóÐóÇ ÇáúÃóãúÑö ÍóÞøñ¿ æóåóÐóÇ (2) íóÏõáøõ Úóáóì Ôóßøöåö Ýöí ÕöÍøóÉö ÈóíúÚóÉö äóÝúÓöåö¡ ãóÚó Ãóäøóåõ ÇáøóÐöí ÏóÝóÚó ÇáúÃóäúÕóÇÑó íóæúãó ÇáÓøóÞöíÝóÉö áöãóÇ ÞóÇáõæÇ: ãöäøóÇ ÃóãöíÑñ æóãöäúßõãú ÃóãöíÑñ¡ ÈöãóÇ ÑóæóÇåõ Úóäö ÇáäøóÈöíøö - Õóáøóì Çááøóåõ Úóáóíúåö æóÓóáøóãó: «ÇáúÃóÆöãøóÉõ ãöäú ÞõÑóíúÔò» " (3) .
æóÇáúÌóæóÇÈõ: ÃóãøóÇ Þóæúáõ ÇáäøóÈöíøö - Õóáøóì Çááøóåõ Úóáóíúåö æóÓóáøóãó: " «ÇáúÃóÆöãøóÉõ ãöäú ÞõÑóíúÔò» " (4) Ýóåõæó ÍóÞøñ¡ æóãóäú ÞóÇáó: Åöäøó ÇáÕøöÏøöíÞó Ôóßøó Ýöí åóÐóÇ¡ Ãóæú Ýöí ÕöÍøóÉö ÅöãóÇãóÊöåö ÝóÞóÏú ßóÐóÈó.
æóãóäú ÞóÇáó: Åöäøó ÇáÕøöÏøöíÞó ÞóÇáó: áóíúÊóäöí ßõäúÊõ ÓóÃóáúÊõ ÇáäøóÈöíøó - Õóáøóì Çááøóåõ Úóáóíúåö æóÓóáøóãó: åóáú áöáúÃóäúÕóÇÑö Ýöí ÇáúÎöáóÇÝóÉö äóÕöíÈñ¿ ÝóÞóÏú ßóÐóÈó ; ÝóÅöäøó ÇáúãóÓúÃóáóÉó ÚöäúÏóåõ æóÚöäúÏó ÇáÕøóÍóÇÈóÉö ÃóÙúåóÑõ ãöäú Ãóäú íõÔóßøó ÝöíåóÇ ; áößóËúÑóÉö ÇáäøõÕõæÕö ÝöíåóÇ Úóäö ÇáäøóÈöíøö - Õóáøóì Çááøóåõ Úóáóíúåö æóÓóáøóãó - æóåóÐóÇ íóÏõáøõ Úóáóì ÈõØúáóÇäö åóÐóÇ ÇáäøóÞúáö.
æóÅöäú ÞõÏøöÑó ÕöÍøóÊõåõ¡ ÝóÝöíåö ÝóÖöíáóÉñ áöáÕøöÏøöíÞö ; áöÃóäøóåõ áóãú íóßõäú íóÚúÑöÝõ ÇáäøóÕøó¡
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(1) Ýöí (ß) Õ 195 (ã)
(2) æóåóÐóÇ: ÓóÇÞöØóÉñ ãöäú (ß) .
(3) ß: ÈöãóÇ ÑóæóÇåõ Úóäú ÑóÓõæáö Çááøóåö - Õóáøóì Çááøóåõ Úóáóíúåö æóÂáöåö -: Åöäøó ÇáúÃóÆöãøóÉó ãöäú ÞõÑóíúÔò.
(4) ÓóÈóÞó åóÐóÇ ÇáúÍóÏöíËõ ÝöíãóÇ ãóÖóì.(8/289)
æóÇÌúÊóåóÏó ÝóæóÇÝóÞó ÇÌúÊöåóÇÏõåõ ÇáäøóÕøó. Ëõãøó ãöäö ÇÌúÊöåóÇÏöåö æóæóÑóÚöåö Êóãóäøóì Ãóäú íóßõæäó ãóÚóåõ äóÕøñ íõÚöíäõåõ Úóáóì ÇáöÇÌúÊöåóÇÏö (1) ¡ ÝóåóÐóÇ íóÏõáøõ Úóáóì ßóãóÇáö Úöáúãöåö ; ÍóíúËõ æóÇÝóÞó ÇÌúÊöåóÇÏõåõ ÇáäøóÕøó¡ æóíóÏõáøõ Úóáóì æóÑóÚöåö ; ÍóíúËõ ÎóÇÝó Ãóäú íóßõæäó ãõÎóÇáöÝðÇ áöáäøóÕøö¡ ÝóÃóíøõ ÞóÏúÍò Ýöí åóÐóÇ¿ !
[ÝÕá ÞÇá ÇáÑÇÝÖí ÇáËÇãä Þæá ÃÈí ÈßÑ Ýí ãÑÖ ãæÊå áíÊäí ßäÊ ÊÑßÊ ÈíÊ ÝÇØãÉ áã ÃßÈÓå æÇáÑÏ Úáíå]
ÝóÕúáñ
ÞóÇáó ÇáÑøóÇÝöÖöíøõ (2) : " ÇáËøóÇãöäõ: Þóæúáõåõ Ýöí ãóÑóÖö ãóæúÊöåö: áóíúÊóäöí ßõäúÊõ ÊóÑóßúÊõ ÈóíúÊó (3) ÝóÇØöãóÉó áóãú ÃóßúÈöÓúåõ (4) ¡ æóáóíúÊóäöí ßõäúÊõ Ýöí ÙõáøóÉö Èóäöí ÓóÇÚöÏóÉó ÖóÑóÈúÊõ Úóáóì íóÏö ÃóÍóÏö (5) ÇáÑøóÌõáóíúäö¡ æóßóÇäó åõæó ÇáúÃóãöíÑó¡ æóßõäúÊõ ÇáúæóÒöíÑó (6) ; æóåóÐóÇ íóÏõáøõ Úóáóì ÅöÞúÏóÇãöåö Úóáóì ÈóíúÊö (7) ÝóÇØöãóÉó ÚöäúÏó ÇÌúÊöãóÇÚö ÃóãöíÑö ÇáúãõÄúãöäöíäó æóÇáÒøõÈóíúÑö æóÛóíúÑöåöãóÇ Ýöíåö " (8) .
æóÇáúÌóæóÇÈõ: Ãóäøó ÇáúÞóÏúÍó áóÇ íõÞúÈóáõ ÍóÊøóì íóËúÈõÊó ÇááøóÝúÙõ ÈöÅöÓúäóÇÏò ÕóÍöíÍò¡ æóíóßõæäó
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(1) ä¡ ã: äóÕøñ ÈöÚóíúäöåö Úóäö ÇáöÇÌúÊöåóÇÏö.
(2) Ýöí (ß) Õ 195 (ã) .
(3) ÈóíúÊó: ÓóÇÞöØóÉñ ãöäú (ã) . æóÝöí (ß) : ÈöäúÊó¡ æóåõæó ÊóÍúÑöíÝñ.
(4) ã: áóãú ÃóßúÊóÓöåö¡ ß: áóãú ÃóßúÔöÝúåõ.
(5) ä¡ ã: æóáóíúÊóäöí ßõäúÊõ Ýöí ÙõáøóÉö Èóäöí ÓóÇÚöÏóÉó ßõäúÊõ ÖóÑóÈúÊõ Úóáóì íóÏö ÃóÍóÏö. . .¡ ß: æóáóíúÊóäöí Ýöí ÙõáøóÉö Èóäöí ÓóÇÚöÏóÉó ßõäúÊõ ÖóÑóÈúÊõ íóÏöí Úóáóì íóÏö ÃóÍóÏö.
(6) ß: æóßõäúÊõ ÃóäóÇ ÇáúæóÒöíÑó.
(7) ß: ÈöäúÊö.
(8) ß:. . Ýöíåö¡ æóÚóáóì Ãóäøóåõ ßóÇäó íóÑóì ÇáúÝóÖúáó áöÛóíúÑöåö áóÇ áöäóÝúÓöåö.(8/290)
ÏóÇáøðÇ ÏóáóÇáóÉð ÙóÇåöÑóÉð Úóáóì ÇáúÞóÏúÍö¡ ÝóÅöÐóÇ ÇäúÊóÝóÊú ÅöÍúÏóÇåõãóÇ ÇäúÊóÝóì ÇáúÞóÏúÍõ¡ ÝóßóíúÝó ÅöÐóÇ ÇäúÊóÝóì ßõáøñ ãöäúåõãóÇ¿ ! æóäóÍúäõ äóÚúáóãõ íóÞöíäðÇ Ãóäøó ÃóÈóÇ ÈóßúÑò áóãú íóÞúÏóãú Úóáóì Úóáöíøò æóÇáÒøõÈóíúÑö ÈöÔóíúÁò ãöäó ÇáúÃóÐóì¡ Èóáú æóáóÇ Úóáóì ÓóÚúÏö Èúäö ÚõÈóÇÏóÉó ÇáúãõÊóÎóáøöÝö Úóäú ÈóíúÚóÊöåö ÃóæøóáðÇ æóÂÎöÑðÇ.
æóÛóÇíóÉõ ãóÇ íõÞóÇáõ: Åöäøóåõ ßóÈóÓó ÇáúÈóíúÊó áöíóäúÙõÑó åóáú Ýöíåö ÔóíúÁñ ãöäú ãóÇáö Çááøóåö ÇáøóÐöí íõÞóÓøöãõåõ¡ æóÃóäú íõÚúØöíóåõ áöãõÓúÊóÍöÞøöåö¡ Ëõãøó ÑóÃóì Ãóäøóåõ áóæú ÊóÑóßóåõ áóåõãú áóÌóÇÒó ; ÝóÅöäøóåõ íóÌõæÒõ Ãóäú íõÚúØöíóåõãú ãöäú ãóÇáö ÇáúÝóíúÁö.
æóÃóãøóÇ ÅöÞúÏóÇãõåõ Úóáóíúåöãú ÃóäúÝõÓöåöãú ÈöÃóÐðì¡ ÝóåóÐóÇ ãóÇ æóÞóÚó Ýöíåö ÞóØøõ ÈöÇÊøöÝóÇÞö Ãóåúáö ÇáúÚöáúãö æóÇáÏøöíäö¡ æóÅöäøóãóÇ íóäúÞõáõ ãöËúáó (1) åóÐóÇ ÌõåøóÇáõ ÇáúßóÐøóÇÈöíäó¡ æóíõÕóÏøöÞõåõ ÍóãúÞóì (2) ÇáúÚóÇáóãöíäó¡ ÇáøóÐöíäó íóÞõæáõæäó: Åöäøó ÇáÕøóÍóÇÈóÉó åóÏóãõæÇ ÈóíúÊó ÝóÇØöãóÉó¡ æóÖóÑóÈõæÇ ÈóØúäóåóÇ ÍóÊøóì ÃóÓúÞóØóÊú.
æóåóÐóÇ ßõáøõåõ ÏóÚúæóì ãõÎúÊóáöÞò¡ æóÅöÝúßñ ãõÝúÊóÑðì¡ ÈöÇÊøöÝóÇÞö Ãóåúáö ÇáúÅöÓúáóÇãö¡ æóáóÇ íóÑõæÌõ ÅöáøóÇ Úóáóì ãóäú åõæó ãöäú ÌöäúÓö ÇáúÃóäúÚóÇãö.
æóÃóãøóÇ Þóæúáõåõ: " áóíúÊóäöí ßõäúÊõ ÖóÑóÈúÊõ Úóáóì íóÏö ÃóÍóÏö ÇáÑøóÌõáóíúäö " ÝóåóÐóÇ áóãú íóÐúßõÑú áóåõ ÅöÓúäóÇÏðÇ¡ æóáóãú íõÈóíøöäú ÕöÍøóÊóåõ¡ ÝóÅöäú ßóÇäó ÞóÇáóåõ Ýóåõæó íóÏõáøõ Úóáóì ÒõåúÏöåö æóæóÑóÚöåö æóÎóæúÝöåö ãöäó Çááøóåö ÊóÚóÇáóì.
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(1) ãöËúáó: ÓóÇÞöØóÉñ ãöäú (ã) .
(2) ä: ÍóãúÞóÇÁõ.(8/291)
[ÝÕá ÞÇá ÇáÑÇÝÖí ÇáÊÇÓÚ ÊÌåíÒ ÇáÑÓæá áÌíÔ ÃÓÇãÉ æÝíå ÃÈí ÈßÑ æÚãÑ æÚËãÇä æÇáÑÏ Úáíå]
ÝóÕúáñ
ÞóÇáó ÇáÑøóÇÝöÖöíøõ (1) : " ÇáÊøóÇÓöÚõ: Ãóäøó ÑóÓõæáó Çááøóåö - Õóáøóì Çááøóåõ Úóáóíúåö æóÓóáøóãó - ÞóÇáó: «ÌóåøöÒõæÇ ÌóíúÔó ÃõÓóÇãóÉó» ¡ æóßóÑøóÑó ÇáúÃóãúÑó [ÈöÊóäúÝöíÐöåö] (2) ¡ æóßóÇäó Ýöíåöãú ÃóÈõæ ÈóßúÑò æóÚõãóÑõ æóÚõËúãóÇäõ¡ æóáóãú íõäóÝøöÐú ÃóãöíÑõ ÇáúãõÄúãöäöíäó ; áöÃóäøóåõ ÃóÑóÇÏó (3) ãóäúÚóåõãú ãöäó ÇáÊøóæóËøõÈö (4) Úóáóì ÇáúÎöáóÇÝóÉö ÈóÚúÏóåõ¡ Ýóáóãú íóÞúÈóáõæÇ (5) ãöäúåõ.
æóÇáúÌóæóÇÈõ ãöäú æõÌõæåò: ÃóÍóÏõåóÇ: ÇáúãõØóÇáóÈóÉõ ÈöÕöÍøóÉö ÇáäøóÞúáö ; ÝóÅöäøó åóÐóÇ áóÇ íõÑúæóì ÈöÅöÓúäóÇÏò ãóÚúÑõæÝò¡ æóáóÇ ÕóÍøóÍóåõ ÃóÍóÏñ ãöäú ÚõáóãóÇÁö ÇáäøóÞúáö. æóãóÚúáõæãñ Ãóäøó ÇáöÇÍúÊöÌóÇÌó ÈöÇáúãóäúÞõæáóÇÊö áóÇ íóÓõæÛõ ÅöáøóÇ ÈóÚúÏó ÞöíóÇãö ÇáúÍõÌøóÉö ÈöËõÈõæÊöåóÇ¡ æóÅöáøóÇ Ýóíõãúßöäõ Ãóäú íóÞõæáó ßõáøõ ÃóÍóÏò ãóÇ ÔóÇÁó.
ÇáËøóÇäöí: Ãóäøó åóÐóÇ ßóÐöÈñ ÈöÅöÌúãóÇÚö ÚõáóãóÇÁö ÇáäøóÞúáö¡ Ýóáóãú íóßõäú Ýöí ÌóíúÔö ÃõÓóÇãóÉó: áóÇ ÃóÈõæ ÈóßúÑò¡ æóáóÇ ÚõËúãóÇäõ¡ æóÅöäøóãóÇ ÞóÏú Þöíáó: Åöäøóåõ ßóÇäó Ýöíåö (6) ÚõãóÑõ. æóÞóÏú ÊóæóÇÊóÑó Úóäö ÇáäøóÈöíøö - Õóáøóì Çááøóåõ Úóáóíúåö æóÓóáøóãó - Ãóäøóåõ ÇÓúÊóÎúáóÝó ÃóÈóÇ ÈóßúÑò Úóáóì ÇáÕøóáóÇÉö ÍóÊøóì ãóÇÊó¡ æóÕóáøóì ÃóÈõæ ÈóßúÑò - ÑóÖöíó Çááøóåõ Úóäúåõ - ÇáÕøõÈúÍó íóæúãó ãóæúÊöåö¡ æóÞóÏú ßóÔóÝó
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(1) Ýöí (ß) Õ 195 (ã) .
(2) ÈöÊóäúÝöíÐöåö ÓóÇÞöØóÉñ ãöäú (ä) ¡ Ó) ¡ (È) .
(3) ß: ÃóãöíÑõ ÇáúãõÄúãöäöíäó - Úóáóíúåö ÇáÓøóáóÇãõ - Ëõãøó áöÃóäøóåõ Õóáøóì Çááøóåõ Úóáóíúåö æóÂáöåö ÃóÑóÇÏó.
(4) Ó¡ È: ÇáúæóËúÈö.
(5) ß: Ýóáóãú íóÞúÈóáõæåõ. .
(6) Ýöíåö: ÓóÇÞöØóÉñ ãöäú (Ó) ¡ (È) .(8/292)
ÓöÌúÝó ÇáúÍõÌúÑóÉö¡ ÝóÑóÂåõãú ÕõÝõæÝðÇ ÎóáúÝó ÃóÈöí ÈóßúÑò¡ ÝóÓõÑøó ÈöÐóáößó. ÝóßóíúÝó íóßõæäõ ãóÚó åóÐóÇ ÞóÏú ÃóãóÑóåõ Ãóäú íóÎúÑõÌó Ýöí ÌóíúÔö ÃõÓóÇãóÉó¿ !
ÇáËøóÇáöËõ: Ãóäøó ÇáäøóÈöíøó - Õóáøóì Çááøóåõ Úóáóíúåö æóÓóáøóãó - áóæú ÃóÑóÇÏó ÊóæúáöíóÉó Úóáöíøò áóßóÇäó åóÄõáóÇÁö ÃóÚúÌóÒó Ãóäú íóÏúÝóÚõæÇ ÃóãúÑó ÑóÓõæáö Çááøóåö - Õóáøóì Çááøóåõ Úóáóíúåö æóÓóáøóãó - æóáóßóÇäó ÌõãúåõæÑõ ÇáúãõÓúáöãöíäó ÃóØúæóÚó áöáøóåö æóÑóÓõæáöåö ãöäú Ãóäú íóÏóÚõæúÇ åóÄõáóÇÁö íõÎóÇáöÝõæäó ÃóãúÑóåõ¡ áóÇ ÓöíøóãóÇ æóÞóÏú ÞóÇÊóáó ËõáõËõ ÇáúãõÓúáöãöíäó Ãóæú ÃóßúËóÑõ ãóÚó Úóáöíøò áöãõÚóÇæöíóÉó¡ æóåõãú áóÇ íóÚúáóãõæäó Ãóäøó ãóÚóåõ äóÕøðÇ¡ Ýóáóæú ßóÇäó ãóÚóåõ äóÕøñ áóÞóÇÊóáó ãóÚóåõ ÌõãúåõæÑõ ÇáúãõÓúáöãöíäó.
ÇáÑøóÇÈöÚõ: Ãóäøóåõ ÃóãóÑó ÃóÈóÇ ÈóßúÑò Ãóäú íõÕóáøöíó ÈöÇáäøóÇÓö æóáóãú íóÃúãõÑú ÚóáöíøðÇ¡ Ýóáóæú ßóÇäó Úóáöíøñ åõæó ÇáúÎóáöíÝóÉó áóßóÇäó íóÃúãõÑõåõ ÈöÇáÕøóáóÇÉö ÈöÇáúãõÓúáöãöíäó¡ ÝóßóíúÝó æóáóãú íõÄóãøöÑú ÚóáöíøðÇ Úóáóì ÃóÈöí ÈóßúÑò ÞóØøõ¿ !
Èóáú Ýöí ÇáÕøóÍöíÍóíúäö Ãóäøóåõ áóãøóÇ ÐóåóÈó íõÕúáöÍõ Èóíúäó Èóäöí ÚóãúÑöæ Èúäö ÚóæúÝò ÞóÇáó áöÈöáóÇáò: " ÅöÐóÇ ÍóÖóÑóÊö ÇáÕøóáóÇÉõ ÝóãõÑú ÃóÈóÇ ÈóßúÑò Ãóäú íõÕóáøöíó ÈöÇáäøóÇÓö " (1) ¡ æóßóÐóáößó Ýöí ãóÑóÖöåö¡ æóáóãøóÇ ÃóÑóÇÏó ÅöÞóÇãóÉó ÇáúÍóÌøö ÃóãóÑó ÃóÈóÇ ÈóßúÑò Ãóäú íóÍõÌøó¡ æóÃóÑúÏóÝóåõ ÈöÚóáöíøò ÊóÇÈöÚðÇ áóåõ¡ æóÃóÈõæ ÈóßúÑò åõæó ÇáúÅöãóÇãõ ÇáøóÐöí íõÕóáøöí ÈöÇáäøóÇÓö¡ ÈöÚóáöíøò æóÛóíúÑöåö¡ æóíóÃúãõÑõ ÚóáöíøðÇ æóÛóíúÑóåõ ÝóíõØöíÚõæäóåõ¡ æóÞóÏú ÃóãøóÑó ÃóÈóÇ ÈóßúÑò Úóáóì Úóáöíøò Ýöí ÍóÌøóÉö ÓóäóÉö ÊöÓúÚò¡ æóßóÇäó ÃóÈõæ ÈóßúÑò ãõÄóãøóÑðÇ Úóáóíúåöãú ÅöãóÇãðÇ áóåõãú.
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(1) ÓóíóÑöÏõ åóÐóÇ ÇáúÍóÏöíËõ ãõÝóÕøóáðÇ ÝöíãóÇ íóáöí Ýöí åóÐóÇ ÇáúÌõÒúÁö Õ. ÝóÇäúÙõÑú ßóáóÇãöí Úóáóíúåö åõäóÇßó.(8/293)
[ÝÕá ÞÇá ÇáÑÇÝÖí ÇáÚÇÔÑ Ãäå áã íæá ÃÈÇ ÈßÑ ÔíÆÇ ãä ÇáÃÚãÇá ææáì Úáíå æÇáÑÏ Úáíå]
(ÝóÕúáñ)
ÞóÇáó ÇáÑøóÇÝöÖöíøõ (1) : " ÇáúÚóÇÔöÑõ: Ãóäøóåõ áóãú íõæáøö (2) ÃóÈóÇ ÈóßúÑò ÔóíúÆðÇ ãöäó ÇáúÃóÚúãóÇáö¡ æóæóáøóì Úóáóíúåö " (3) .
æóÇáúÌóæóÇÈõ ãöäú æõÌõæåò: ÃóÍóÏõåóÇ: Ãóäøó åóÐóÇ ÈóÇØöáñ. Èóáö ÇáúæöáóÇíóÉõ ÇáøóÊöí æóáøóÇåóÇ ÃóÈóÇ ÈóßúÑò áóãú íõÔúÑößúåõ ÝöíåóÇ ÃóÍóÏñ¡ æóåöíó æöáóÇíóÉõ ÇáúÍóÌøö. æóÞóÏú æóáøóÇåõ ÛóíúÑó Ðóáößó.
ÇáËøóÇäöí: Ãóäøó ÇáäøóÈöíøó - Õóáøóì Çááøóåõ Úóáóíúåö æóÓóáøóãó - ÞóÏú æóáøóì ãóäú åõæó ÈöÅöÌúãóÇÚö Ãóåúáö ÇáÓøõäøóÉö æóÇáÔøöíÚóÉö ãóäú ßóÇäó ÚöäúÏóåõ Ïõæäó ÃóÈöí ÈóßúÑò¡ ãöËúáó ÚóãúÑöæ Èúäö ÇáúÚóÇÕö¡ æóÇáúæóáöíÏö Èúäö ÚõÞúÈóÉó¡ æóÎóÇáöÏö Èúäö ÇáúæóáöíÏö ; ÝóÚõáöãó Ãóäøóåõ áóãú íóÊúÑõßú æöáóÇíóÊóåõ áößóæúäöåö äóÇÞöÕðÇ Úóäú åóÄõáóÇÁö.
ÇáËøóÇáöËõ: Ãóäøó ÚóÏóãó æöáóÇíóÊöåö áóÇ íóÏõáøõ Úóáóì äóÞúÕöåö¡ Èóáú ÞóÏú íóÊúÑõßõ æöáóÇíóÊóåõ áöÃóäøóåõ ÚöäúÏóåõ ÃóäúÝóÚõ áóåõ ãöäúåõ Ýöí (4) Êöáúßó ÇáúæöáóÇíóÉó¡ æóÍóÇÌóÊõåõ Åöáóíúåö Ýöí ÇáúãõÞóÇãö ÚöäúÏóåõ æóÛóäóÇÆöåö Úóäö ÇáúãõÓúáöãöíäó ÃóÚúÙóãõ ãöäú ÍóÇÌóÊöåö Åöáóíúåö Ýöí Êöáúßó ÇáúæöáóÇíóÉö¡ ÝóÅöäøóåõ åõæó æóÚõãóÑõ ßóÇäóÇ ãöËúáó ÇáúæóÒöíÑóíúäö áóåõ. íóÞõæáõ ßóËöíÑðÇ: " ÏóÎóáúÊõ ÃóäóÇ æóÃóÈõæ ÈóßúÑò æóÚõãóÑõ " æó " ÎóÑóÌúÊõ ÃóäóÇ æóÃóÈõæ ÈóßúÑò æóÚõãóÑõ "¡ æóßóÇäó ÃóÈõæ ÈóßúÑò íóÓúãõÑõ ÚöäúÏóåõ ÚóÇãøóÉó áóíúáöåö.
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(1) Ýöí (ß) Õ 196 (ã)
(2) ß: Ãóäøóåõ Õóáøóì Çááøóåõ Úóáóíúåö æóÂáöåö áóãú íõæáøö. .
(3) È: æóæóáøóì ÚóáöíøðÇ¡ ß: æóæóáøóì ÛóíúÑóåõ.
(4) ä¡ ã¡ Ó: ãöäú.(8/294)
æóÚõãóÑõ áóãú íóßõäú íõæóáøöí Ãóåúáó ÇáÔøõæÑóì (1) ¡ ßóÚõËúãóÇäó (2) ¡ æóØóáúÍóÉó¡ æóÇáÒøõÈóíúÑö¡ æóÛóíúÑöåöãú¡ æóåõãú ÚöäúÏóåõ ÃóÝúÖóáõ ãöãøóäú æóáøóÇåõ ãöËúáó ÚóãúÑöæ Èúäö ÇáúÚóÇÕö¡ æóãõÚóÇæöíóÉó¡ æóÛóíúÑöåöãóÇ ; áöÃóäøó ÇäúÊöÝóÇÚóåõ ÈöåóÄõáóÇÁö Ýöí ÍõÖõæÑöåö Ãóßúãóáõ ãöäö ÇäúÊöÝóÇÚöåö ÈöæóÇÍöÏò ãöäúåõãú Ýöí æöáóÇíóÉò íóßúÝöí ÝöíåóÇ ãóäú Ïõæäóåõãú.
æóÃóÈõæ ÈóßúÑò ßóÇäó íóÏúÎõáõ ãóÚó ÇáäøóÈöíøö - Õóáøóì Çááøóåõ Úóáóíúåö æóÓóáøóãó - æóíóáöíåö ÚõãóÑõ¡ æóÞóÇáó áóåõãóÇ: " «ÅöÐóÇ ÇÊøóÝóÞúÊõãóÇ Úóáóì ÔóíúÁò áóãú ÃõÎóÇáöÝúßõãóÇ» " (3) . æóÅöÐóÇ ÞóÏöãó Úóáóíúåö ÇáúæóÝúÏõ ÔóÇæóÑóåõãóÇ¡ ÝóÞóÏú íõÔöíÑõ åóÐóÇ ÈöÔóíúÁò¡ æóíõÔöíÑõ åóÐóÇ ÈöÔóíúÁò ; æóáöÐóáößó ÔóÇæóÑóåõãóÇ Ýöí ÃóÓúÑóì ÈóÏúÑò¡ æóßóÇäó ãõÔóÇæóÑóÊõåõ áöÃóÈöí ÈóßúÑò ÃóÛúáóÈó¡ æóÇÌúÊöãóÇÚõåõ (4) Èöåö ÃóßúËóÑó. åóÐóÇ ÃóãúÑñ íóÚúáóãõåõ ãóäú ÊóÏóÈøóÑó ÇáúÃóÍóÇÏöíËó ÇáÕøóÍöíÍóÉó ÇáøóÊöí íóØõæáõ ÐößúÑõåóÇ.
[ÝÕá ÞÇá ÇáÑÇÝÖí ÇáÍÇÏí ÚÔÑ Ãä ÑÓæá Çááå ÃäÝÐå áÃÏÇÁ ÓæÑÉ ÈÑÇÁÉ Ëã ÑÏå æÇáÑÏ Úáíå]
(ÝóÕúáñ)
ÞóÇáó ÇáÑøóÇÝöÖöíøõ (5) : " ÇáúÍóÇÏöí ÚóÔóÑó: Ãóäøóåõ - Õóáøóì Çááøóåõ Úóáóíúåö æóÓóáøóãó - ÃóäúÝóÐóåõ áöÃóÏóÇÁö ÓõæÑóÉö ÈóÑóÇÁóÉó¡ Ëõãøó ÃóäúÝóÐó ÚóáöíøðÇ (6) ¡ æóÃóãóÑóåõ ÈöÑóÏøöåö¡ æóÃóäú íóÊóæóáøóì åõæó Ðóáößó¡ æóãóäú áóÇ íóÕúáõÍõ áöÃóÏóÇÁö ÓõæÑóÉò Ãóæú ÈóÚúÖöåóÇ¡ ÝóßóíúÝó (7) íóÕúáõÍõ
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(1) ä¡ Ó: æóÚõãóÑõ áóãú íóßõäú íõæóÇáöí Ãóåúáó ÇáÔøõæÑóì¡ ã: æóÚõãóÑõ áóãú íóßõæäõæÇ Ýöí Ãóåúáö ÇáÔøõæÑóì.
(2) Ó: æóÚõËúãóÇäó¡ È: ÚõËúãóÇäó.
(3) ÓóÈóÞó åóÐóÇ ÇáúÍóÏöíËõ ÝöíãóÇ ãóÖóì 6/156 æóäóÕøõåõ åõäóÇßó: " áóæö ÇÌúÊóãóÚúÊõãóÇ Ýöí ãóÔõæÑóÉò ãóÇ ÎóÇáóÝúÊõßõãóÇ ".
(4) Ó¡ È: ÝóÇÌúÊöãóÇÚõåõ.
(5) Ýöí (ß) Õ 196 (ã) .
(6) ß: Ëõãøó ÃóäúÞóÐó ÚóáöíøðÇ - Úóáóíúåö ÇáÓøóáóÇãõ - ÎóáúÝóåõ.
(7) ß: ßóíúÝó. .(8/295)
áöáúÅöãóÇãóÉö ÇáúÚóÇãøóÉö ÇáúãõÊóÖóãøöäóÉö áöÃóÏóÇÁö ÇáúÃóÍúßóÇãö Åöáóì ÌóãöíÚö ÇáúÃõãøóÉö¿ ! "
æóÇáúÌóæóÇÈõ ãöäú æõÌõæåò: ÃóÍóÏõåóÇ: Ãóäøó åóÐóÇ ßóÐöÈñ ÈöÇÊøöÝóÇÞö Ãóåúáö ÇáúÚöáúãö¡ æóÈöÇáÊøóæóÇÊõÑö ÇáúÚóÇãøö ; ÝóÅöäøó ÇáäøóÈöíøó - Õóáøóì Çááøóåõ Úóáóíúåö æóÓóáøóãó - ÇÓúÊóÚúãóáó ÃóÈóÇ ÈóßúÑò Úóáóì ÇáúÍóÌøö ÓóäóÉó ÊöÓúÚò¡ áóãú íóÑõÏøóåõ æóáóÇ ÑóÌóÚó¡ Èóáú åõæó ÇáøóÐöí ÃóÞóÇãó áöáäøóÇÓö ÇáúÍóÌøó Ðóáößó ÇáúÚóÇãó¡ æóÚóáöíøñ ãöäú ÌõãúáóÉö ÑóÚöíøóÊöåö¡ íõÕóáøöí ÎóáúÝóåõ¡ æóíóÏúÝóÚõ ÈöÏóÝúÚöåö¡ æóíóÃúÊóãöÑõ ÈöÃóãúÑöåö ßóÓóÇÆöÑö ãóäú ãóÚóåõ.
æóåóÐóÇ ãöäó ÇáúÚöáúãö ÇáúãõÊóæóÇÊöÑö ÚöäúÏó Ãóåúáö ÇáúÚöáúãö: áóãú íóÎúÊóáöÝö ÇËúäóÇäö Ýöí Ãóäøó ÃóÈóÇ ÈóßúÑò åõæó ÇáøóÐöí ÃóÞóÇãó ÇáúÍóÌøó Ðóáößó ÇáúÚóÇãó ÈöÃóãúÑö ÇáäøóÈöíøö - Õóáøóì Çááøóåõ Úóáóíúåö æóÓóáøóãó. ÝóßóíúÝó íõÞóÇáõ: Åöäøóåõ ÃóãóÑóåõ ÈöÑóÏøöåö¿ !
æóáóßöäú ÃóÑúÏóÝóåõ ÈöÚóáöíøò (1) áöíóäúÈöÐó Åöáóì ÇáúãõÔúÑößöíäó ÚóåúÏóåõãú ; áöÃóäøó ÚóÇÏóÊóåõãú ßóÇäóÊú ÌóÇÑöíóÉð Ãóäú áóÇ íóÚúÞöÏó ÇáúÚõÞõæÏó (2) æóáóÇ íóÍõáøóåóÇ ÅöáøóÇ ÇáúãõØóÇÚõ¡ Ãóæú ÑóÌõáñ ãöäú Ãóåúáö ÈóíúÊöåö¡ Ýóáóãú íóßõæäõæÇ íóÞúÈóáõæäó Ðóáößó ãöäú ßõáøö ÃóÍóÏò.
æóÝöí ÇáÕøóÍöíÍóíúäö ã: æóÝöí ÇáÕøóÍöíÍö (3) Úóäú ÃóÈöí åõÑóíúÑóÉó ÞóÇáó: ÈóÚóËóäöí ÃóÈõæ ÈóßúÑò ÇáÕøöÏøöíÞõ Ýöí ÇáúÍóÌøóÉö ÇáøóÊöí ÃóãøóÑóåõ ÚóáóíúåóÇ ÑóÓõæáõ Çááøóåö - Õóáøóì Çááøóåõ Úóáóíúåö æóÓóáøóãó - ÞóÈúáó ÍóÌøóÉö ÇáúæóÏóÇÚö¡ Ýöí ÑóåúØò íõÄóÐøöäõæäó Ýöí ÇáäøóÇÓö íóæúãó ÇáäøóÍúÑö: " Ãóäú (4) : «áóÇ íóÍõÌøó ÈóÚúÏó ÇáúÚóÇãö ãõÔúÑößñ¡ æóáóÇ íóØõæÝó ÈöÇáúÈóíúÊö ÚõÑúíóÇäñ» " (5) ¡ æóÝöí ÑöæóÇíóÉò: «Ëõãøó ÃóÑúÏóÝó ÇáäøóÈöíøõ - Õóáøóì Çááøóåõ Úóáóíúåö
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(1) ÈöÚóáöíøò: ÓóÇÞöØóÉñ ãöäú (Ó) ¡ (È) .
(2) ä¡ Ó¡ È: ÇáúÚõåõæÏó.
(3) .
(4) Ãóäú ÓóÇÞöØóÉñ ãöäú (È) .
(5) ÓóÈóÞó åóÐóÇ ÇáúÍóÏöíËõ Ýöí ÇáúÌõÒúÁö ÇáÓøóÇÈöÞö Õ 475.(8/296)
æóÓóáøóãó - ÈöÚóáöíøò¡ æóÃóãóÑóåõ Ãóäú íõÄóÐøöäó ÈöÈóÑóÇÁóÉó¡ ÝóÃóÐøóäó Úóáöíøñ ãóÚóäóÇ (1) Ýöí Ãóåúáö ãöäðì íóæúãó ÇáäøóÍúÑö ÈöÈóÑóÇÁóÉó¡ æóÈöÃóäú (2) áóÇ íóÍõÌøó (* ÈóÚúÏó ÇáúÚóÇãö ãõÔúÑößñ æóáóÇ íóØõæÝó ÈöÇáúÈóíúÊö ÚõÑúíóÇäñ» . ÞóÇáó: ÝóäóÈóÐó ÃóÈõæ ÈóßúÑò Åöáóì ÇáäøóÇÓö Ýöí Ðóáößó ÇáúÚóÇãö¡ Ýóáóãú íóÍõÌøó *) (3) ÚóÇãó ÍóÌøóÉö ÇáúæóÏóÇÚö - ÇáøóÊöí ÍóÌøó ÝöíåóÇ ÑóÓõæáõ Çááøóåö - Õóáøóì Çááøóåõ Úóáóíúåö æóÓóáøóãó - ãõÔúÑößñ.
ÞóÇáó ÃóÈõæ ãõÍóãøóÏö Èúäõ ÍóÒúãò (4) : " æóãóÇ ÍóÕóáó Ýöí ÍóÌøóÉö ÇáÕøöÏøöíÞö ßóÇäó ãöäú ÃóÚúÙóãö ÝóÖóÇÆöáöåö ; áöÃóäøóåõ åõæó ÇáøóÐöí ÎóØóÈó ÈöÇáäøóÇÓö Ýöí Ðóáößó ÇáúãóæúÓöãö æóÇáúÌóãúÚö ÇáúÚóÙöíãö¡ æóÇáäøóÇÓõ ãõäúÕöÊõæäó áöÎõØúÈóÊöåö¡ íõÕóáøõæäó ÎóáúÝóåõ¡ æóÚóáöíøñ ãöäú ÌõãúáóÊöåöãú. æóÝöí ÇáÓøõæÑóÉö ÝóÖúáõ ÃóÈöí ÈóßúÑò æóÐößúÑõ ÇáúÛóÇÑö¡ ÝóÞóÑóÃóåóÇ Úóáöíøñ Úóáóì ÇáäøóÇÓö¡ ÝóåóÐóÇ ãõÈóÇáóÛóÉñ Ýöí ÝóÖúáö ÃóÈöí ÈóßúÑò¡ æóÍõÌøóÉñ ÞóÇØöÚóÉñ ".
æóÊóÃúãöíÑõåõ áöÃóÈöí ÈóßúÑò Úóáóì Úóáöíøò åóÐóÇ ßóÇäó ÈóÚúÏó Þóæúáöåö: " «ÃóãóÇ ÊóÑúÖóì Ãóäú Êóßõæäó ãöäøöí ÈöãóäúÒöáóÉö åóÇÑõæäó ãöäú ãõæÓóì» ¿ " (5) ¡ æóáóÇ ÑóíúÈó Ãóäøó åóÐóÇ ÇáÑøóÇÝöÖöíøó æóäóÍúæóåõ ãöäú ÔõíõæÎö ÇáÑøóÇÝöÖóÉö ãöäú ÃóÌúåóáö ÇáäøóÇÓö ÈöÃóÍúæóÇáö ÇáÑøóÓõæáö æóÓöíÑóÊöåö æóÃõãõæÑöåö æóæóÞóÇÆöÚöåö¡ íóÌúåóáõæäó ãöäú Ðóáößó ãóÇ åõæó ãõÊóæóÇÊöÑñ ãóÚúáõæãñ áöãóäú áóåõ ÃóÏúäóì ãóÚúÑöÝóÉò ÈöÇáÓøöíÑóÉö¡ æóíóÌöíÆõæäó Åöáóì ãóÇ æóÞóÚó ÝóíóÞúÈóáõæäóåõ¡ æóíõÒöíÏõæäó Ýöíåö æóíõäúÞöÕõæäó.
æóåóÐóÇ ÇáúÞóÏúÑõ¡ æóÅöäú ßóÇäó ÇáÑøóÇÝöÖöíøõ áóãú íóÝúÚóáúåõ¡ Ýóåõæó ÝöÚúáõ ÔõíõæÎöåö æóÓóáóÝöåö
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(1) ä¡ ã: ãóÚóäóÇ Úóáöíøñ.
(2) ä¡ Ó: ÈöÃóäú ã: Ãóäú.
(3) ãóÇ Èóíúäó ÇáäøóÌúãóÊóíúäö ÓóÇÞöØñ ãöäú (ã) .
(4) áóãú ÃóÌöÏö ÇáúßóáóÇãó ÇáÊøóÇáöíó ÈöäóÕøöåö ÝöíãóÇ Èóíúäó íóÏóíøó ãöäú ßõÊõÈö ÇÈúäö ÍóÒúãò: ÇáúÝöÕóáö æóÛóíúÑöåö¡ æóáóßöäú ÐóßóÑó ÇÈúäõ ÍóÒúãò ßóáóÇãðÇ ãõÞóÇÑöÈðÇ Ýöí ãóÚúäóÇåõ ãöäó ÇáúßóáóÇãö ÇáÊøóÇáöí Ýöí ÇáúÝöÕóáö 4/222.
(5) ÓóÈóÞó åóÐóÇ ÇáúÍóÏöíËõ ÝöíãóÇ ãóÖóì 1/501.(8/297)
ÇáøóÐöíäó ÞóáøóÏóåõãú¡ æóáóãú íõÍóÞøöÞú ãóÇ ÞóÇáõæåõ¡ æóíõÑóÇÌöÚú (1) ãóÇ åõæó ÇáúãóÚúáõæãõ ÚöäúÏó Ãóåúáö ÇáúÚöáúãö ÇáúãõÊóæóÇÊöÑö ÚöäúÏóåõãú¡ ÇáúãóÚúáõæãõ áöÚóÇãøóÊöåöãú æóÎóÇÕøóÊöåöãú.
ÇáËøóÇäöí: Þóæúáõåõ: " ÇáúÅöãóÇãóÉõ ÇáúÚóÇãøóÉõ ãõÊóÖóãøöäóÉñ áöÃóÏóÇÁö ÌóãöíÚö ÇáúÃóÍúßóÇãö Åöáóì ÇáúÃõãøóÉö ".
Þóæúáñ ÈóÇØöáñ ; ÝóÇáúÃóÍúßóÇãõ ßõáøõåóÇ ÞóÏú ÊóáóÞøóÊúåóÇ ÇáúÃõãøóÉõ Úóäú äóÈöíøöåóÇ¡ áóÇ ÊóÍúÊóÇÌõ ÝöíåóÇ Åöáóì ÇáúÅöãóÇãö¡ ÅöáøóÇ ßóãóÇ ÊóÍúÊóÇÌõ Åöáóì äóÙóÇÆöÑöåö ãöäó ÇáúÚõáóãóÇÁö¡ æóßóÇäóÊú ÚóÇãøóÉõ ÇáÔøóÑöíÚóÉö ÇáøóÊöí íóÍúÊóÇÌõ ÇáäøóÇÓõ ÅöáóíúåóÇ ÚöäúÏó ÇáÕøóÍóÇÈóÉö ãóÚúáõæãóÉð¡ æóáóãú íóÊóäóÇÒóÚõæÇ Òóãóäó ÇáÕøöÏøöíÞö Ýöí ÔóíúÁò ãöäúåóÇ¡ ÅöáøóÇ æóÇÊøóÝóÞõæÇ ÈóÚúÏó ÇáäøöÒóÇÚö ÈöÇáúÚöáúãö ÇáøóÐöí (2) ßóÇäó íõÙúåöÑõåõ ÈóÚúÖõåõãú áöÈóÚúÖò¡ æóßóÇäó ÇáÕøöÏøöíÞõ íóÚúáóãõ ÚóÇãøóÉó ÇáÔøóÑöíÚóÉö¡ æóÅöÐóÇ ÎóÝöíó Úóäúåõ (3) ÇáÔøóíúÁõ ÇáúíóÓöíÑõ ÓóÃóáó Úóäúåõ ÇáÕøóÍóÇÈóÉó ãöãøóäú ßóÇäó ÚöäúÏóåõ Úöáúãõ Ðóáößó (4) ¡ ßóãóÇ «ÓóÃóáóåõãú Úóäú ãöíÑóÇËö ÇáúÌóÏøóÉö (5) ¡ ÝóÃóÎúÈóÑóåõ ãóäú ÃóÎúÈóÑóåõ ãöäúåõãú Ãóäøó ÇáäøóÈöíøó - Õóáøóì Çááøóåõ Úóáóíúåö æóÓóáøóãó - ÃóÚúØóÇåóÇ (6) ÇáÓøõÏõÓó» (7) .
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(1) ä¡ ã¡ Ó: ÑóÇÌóÚó.
(2) Ó¡ È: ÈöÇáøóÐöí.
(3) ã: Úóáóíúåö.
(4) ã: Úöáúãñ ãöäú Ðóáößó.
(5) Ó¡ È: ÇáúÌóÏøö.
(6) Ó¡ È: ÃóÚúØóÇåõ.
(7) Ýöí ÇáúãõÛúäöí áöÇÈúäö ÞõÏóÇãóÉó 6/261 æóáóäóÇ ãóÇ Ñóæóì ÞóÈöíÕóÉõ Èúäõ ÐõÄóíúÈò ÞóÇáó: " ÌóÇÁóÊö ÇáúÌóÏøóÇÊõ Åöáóì ÃóÈöí ÈóßúÑò ÊóØúáõÈõ ãöíÑóÇËóåóÇ¡ ÝóÞóÇáó: ãóÇ áóßö Ýöí ßöÊóÇÈö Çááøóåö - ÚóÒøó æóÌóáøó - ÔóíúÁñ¡ æóãóÇ ÃóÚúáóãõ áóßö Ýöí ÓõäøóÉö ÑóÓõæáö Çááøóåö - Õóáøóì Çááøóåõ Úóáóíúåö æóÓóáøóãó - ÔóíúÆðÇ æóáóßöäö ÇÑúÌöÚöí ÍóÊøóì ÃóÓúÃóáó ÇáäøóÇÓó¡ ÝóÞóÇáó ÇáúãõÛöíÑóÉõ Èúäõ ÔõÚúÈóÉó: ÍóÖóÑúÊõ ÑóÓõæáó Çááøóåö - Õóáøóì Çááøóåõ Úóáóíúåö æóÓóáøóãó -: ÃóÚúØóÇåóÇ ÇáÓøõÏõÓó ; ÝóÞóÇáó: åóáú ãóÚóßó ÛóíúÑõßó¿ ÝóÔóåöÏó áóåõ ãõÍóãøóÏõ Èúäõ ãóÓúáóãóÉó ÝóÃóãúÖóÇåõ áóåóÇ ÃóÈõæ ÈóßúÑò ".(8/298)
æóáóãú íõÚúÑóÝú áöÃóÈöí ÈóßúÑò ÝõÊúíóÇ æóáóÇ Íõßúãñ ÎóÇáóÝó äóÕøðÇ¡ æóÞóÏú ÚõÑöÝó áöÚõãóÑó æóÚõËúãóÇäó æóÚóáöíøò ãöäú Ðóáößó ÃóÔúíóÇÁõ (1) ¡ æóÇáøóÐöí ÚõÑöÝó áöÚóáöíøò ÃóßúËóÑõ ãöãøóÇ ÚõÑöÝó áóåõãóÇ (2) .
ãöËúáó Þóæúáöåö Ýöí [ÇáúÍóÇãöáö] (3) ÇáúãõÊóæóÝøóì ÚóäúåóÇ ÒóæúÌõåóÇ ÅöäøóåóÇ ÊóÚúÊóÏøõ ÃóÈúÚóÏó ÇáúÃóÌóáóíúäö. æóÝöí ÇáÕøóÍöíÍóíúäö Úóäö ÇáäøóÈöíøö - Õóáøóì Çááøóåõ Úóáóíúåö æóÓóáøóãó - «Ãóäøóåõ ÞóÇáó áöÓõÈóíúÚóÉó ÇáúÃóÓúáóãöíøóÉö áóãøóÇ æóÖóÚóÊú ÈóÚúÏó æóÝóÇÉö ÒóæúÌöåóÇ ÈöËóáóÇËö áóíóÇáò: " ÍóáóáúÊö ÝóÇäúßöÍöí ãóäú ÔöÆúÊö "¡ æóáóãøóÇ ÞóÇáóÊú áóåõ: Åöäøó ÃóÈóÇ ÇáÓøóäóÇÈöáö ÞóÇáó: ãóÇ ÃóäúÊö ÈöäóÇßöÍóÉò ÍóÊøóì íóãúÖöíó Úóáóíúßö ÂÎöÑõ ÇáúÃóÌóáóíúäö. ÞóÇáó: " ßóÐóÈó ÃóÈõæ ÇáÓøóäóÇÈöáö» " (4) .
æóÞóÏú ÌóãóÚó ÇáÔøóÇÝöÚöíøõ Ýöí ßöÊóÇÈö " ÎöáóÇÝõ Úóáöíøò æóÚóÈúÏö Çááøóåö " ãöäú ÃóÞúæóÇáö Úóáöíøò ÇáøóÊöí ÊóÑóßóåóÇ ÇáäøóÇÓõ áöãõÎóÇáóÝóÊöåóÇ ÇáäøóÕøó Ãóæú ãóÚúäóì ÇáäøóÕøö ÌõÒúÁðÇ ßóÈöíÑðÇ.
æóÌóãóÚó ÈóÚúÏóåõ ãõÍóãøóÏõ Èúäõ äóÕúÑò ÇáúãóÑúæóÒöíøõ ÃóßúËóÑó ãöäú Ðóáößó ; ÝóÅöäøóåõ ßóÇäó ÅöÐóÇ äóÇÙóÑóåõ ÇáúßõæÝöíøõæäó íóÍúÊóÌøõ ÈöÇáäøõÕõæÕö¡ ÝóíóÞõæáõæäó: äóÍúäõ ÃóÎóÐúäóÇ ÈöÞóæúáö Úóáöíøò æóÇÈúäö ãóÓúÚõæÏò¡ ÝóÌóãóÚó áóåõãú ÃóÔúíóÇÁó ßóËöíÑóÉð (5) ãöäú Þóæúáö Úóáöíøò æóÇÈúäö ãóÓúÚõæÏò ÊóÑóßõæåõ¡ Ãóæú ÊóÑóßóåõ ÇáäøóÇÓõ¡ íóÞõæáõ: ÅöÐóÇ ÌóÇÒó áóßõãú ÎöáóÇÝõåõãóÇ (6) Ýöí Êöáúßó ÇáúãóÓóÇÆöáö áöÞöíóÇãö ÇáúÍõÌøóÉö Úóáóì ÎöáóÇÝöåöãóÇ (7) ¡ ÝóßóÐóáößó Ýöí ÓóÇÆöÑö ÇáúãóÓóÇÆöáö. æóáóãú íõÚúÑóÝú áöÃóÈöí ÈóßúÑò ãöËúáõ åóÐóÇ.
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(1) Ó¡ È: ÔóíúÁñ.
(2) ä¡ ã¡ Ó: ãöäúåõãóÇ.
(3) ÇáúÍóÇãöáö: ÓóÇÞöØóÉñ ãöäú (ä) ¡ (ã) ¡ (Ó) .
(4) ÓóÈóÞó åóÐóÇ ÇáúÍóÏöíËõ ÝöíãóÇ ãóÖóì 4/243.
(5) ä¡ ã: ÔóíúÆðÇ ßóËöíÑðÇ.
(6) ä¡ ã¡ Ó: ÎöáóÇÝõåóÇ.
(7) ä¡ ã¡ Ó: ÎöáóÇÝöåóÇ.(8/299)
ÇáËøóÇáöËõ: Ãóäøó ÇáúÞõÑúÂäó ÈóáøóÛóåõ Úóäö ÇáäøóÈöíøö - Õóáøóì Çááøóåõ Úóáóíúåö æóÓóáøóãó - ßõáøõ ÃóÍóÏò ãöäó ÇáúãõÓúáöãöíäó¡ ÝóíóãúÊóäöÚõ Ãóäú íõÞóÇáó: Åöäøó ÃóÈóÇ ÈóßúÑò áóãú íóßõäú íóÕúáõÍõ áöÊóÈúáöíÛöåö.
ÇáÑøóÇÈöÚõ: Ãóäøóåõ áóÇ íóÌõæÒõ Ãóäú íõÙóäøó Ãóäøó ÊóÈúáöíÛó ÇáúÞõÑúÂäö íóÎúÊóÕøõ ÈöÚóáöíøò ; ÝóÅöäøó ÇáúÞõÑúÂäó áóÇ íóËúÈõÊõ ÈöÎóÈóÑö ÇáúÂÍóÇÏö¡ Èóáú áóÇ ÈõÏøó Ãóäú íóßõæäó ãóäúÞõæáðÇ ÈöÇáÊøóæóÇÊõÑö.
ÇáúÎóÇãöÓõ: Ãóäøó ÇáúãóæúÓöãó Ðóáößó ÇáúÚóÇãó ßóÇäó íóÍõÌøõ Ýöíåö ÇáúãõÓúáöãõæäó æóÇáúãõÔúÑößõæäó¡ æóßóÇäó ÇáäøóÈöíøõ - Õóáøóì Çááøóåõ Úóáóíúåö æóÓóáøóãó - ÃóãóÑó ÃóÈóÇ ÈóßúÑò Ãóäú íõäóÇÏöíó Ýöí ÇáúãóæúÓöãö: " «Ãóäú áóÇ íóÍõÌøó ÈóÚúÏó ÇáúÚóÇãö ãõÔúÑößñ¡ æóáóÇ íóØõæÝó ÈöÇáúÈóíúÊö ÚõÑúíóÇäñ» " ßóãóÇ ËóÈóÊó Ýöí ÇáÕøóÍöíÍóíúäö (1) . ÝóÃóíøõ ÍóÇÌóÉò ßóÇäóÊú ÈöÇáúãõÔúÑößöíäó Åöáóì Ãóäú íõÈóáøóÛõæÇ ÇáúÞõÑúÂäó (2) .
[ÝÕá ÞÇá ÇáÑÇÝÖí ÇáËÇäí ÚÔÑ Þæá ÚãÑ Åä ãÍãÏÇ áã íãÊ æåÐÇ íÏá Úáì ÞáÉ Úáãå æÇáÑÏ Úáíå]
(ÝóÕúáñ)
ÞóÇáó ÇáÑøóÇÝöÖöíøõ (3) : " ÇáËøóÇäöí ÚóÔóÑó: Þóæúáõ ÚõãóÑó: Åöäøó ãõÍóãøóÏðÇ áóãú íóãõÊú¡ æóåóÐóÇ íóÏõáøõ (4) Úóáóì ÞöáøóÉö Úöáúãöåö¡ æóÃóãóÑó ÈöÑóÌúãö ÍóÇãöáò¡ ÝóäóåóÇåõ Úóáöíøñ¡ ÝóÞóÇáó: áóæúáóÇ Úóáöíøñ áóåóáóßó ÚõãóÑõ. æóÛóíúÑõ Ðóáößó ãöäó ÇáúÃóÍúßóÇãö ÇáøóÊöí ÛóáöØó ÝöíåóÇ æóÊóáóæøóäó ÝöíåóÇ ".
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(1) ÓóÈóÞó åóÐóÇ ÇáúÍóÏöíËõ ÞóÈúáó ÕóÝóÍóÇÊò æóÝöí ÇáúÌõÒúÁö ÇáÓøóÇÈöÞö 7
(2) Ó¡ È: ÇáúÞõÑúÂäó æóÇááøóåõ ÓõÈúÍóÇäóåõ æóÊóÚóÇáóì ÃóÚúáóãõ.
(3) Ýöí (ß) Õ 196 (ã) .
(4) ß: Åöäøó ãõÍóãøóÏðÇ - Õóáøóì Çááøóåõ Úóáóíúåö æóÂáöåö - áóãú íóãõÊú¡ æóåõæó íóÏõáøõ. . .(8/300)
æóÇáúÌóæóÇÈõ Ãóäú íõÞóÇáó ÃóæøóáðÇ: ËóÈóÊó Ýöí ÇáÕøóÍöíÍóíúäö Úóäö ÇáäøóÈöíøö Õóáøóì Çááøóåõ Úóáóíúåö æóÓóáøóãó Ãóäøóåõ ÞóÇáó: " «ÞóÏú ßóÇäó ÞóÈúáóßõãú Ýöí ÇáúÃõãóãö ãõÍóÏøóËõæäó¡ ÝóÅöäú íóßõäú Ýöí ÃõãøóÊöí ÃóÍóÏñ ÝóÚõãóÑõ» " (1) æóãöËúáõ åóÐóÇ áóãú íóÞõáúåõ áöÚóáöíøò.
æóÃóäøóåõ ÞóÇáó: " «ÑóÃóíúÊõ Ãóäøöí ÃõÊöíÊõ ÈöÞóÏóÍò Ýöíåö áóÈóäñ¡ ÝóÔóÑöÈúÊõ ÍóÊøóì Ãóäøöí áóÃóÑóì ÇáÑøöíøó íóÎúÑõÌõ ãöäú ÃóÙúÝóÇÑöí¡ Ëõãøó äóÇæóáúÊõ ÝóÖúáöí ÚõãóÑó " ÞóÇáõæÇ: ÝóãóÇ ÃóæøóáúÊóåõ íóÇ ÑóÓõæáó Çááøóåö¿ ÞóÇáó: ÇáúÚöáúãõ» (2) .
ÝóÚõãóÑõ ßóÇäó ÃóÚúáóãó ÇáÕøóÍóÇÈóÉö ÈóÚúÏó ÃóÈöí ÈóßúÑò.
æóÃóãøóÇ ßóæúäõåõ Ùóäøó Ãóäøó ÇáäøóÈöíøó Õóáøóì Çááøóåõ Úóáóíúåö æóÓóáøóãó áóãú íóãõÊú¡ ÝóåóÐóÇ ßóÇäó ÓóÇÚóÉð¡ Ëõãøó ÊóÈóíøóäó áóåõ ãóæúÊõåõ¡ æóãöËúáõ åóÐóÇ íóÞóÚõ ßóËöíÑðÇ ÞóÏú íóÔõßøõ ÇáúÅöäúÓóÇäõ Ýöí ãóæúÊö ãóíøöÊò ÓóÇÚóÉð æóÃóßúËóÑó¡ Ëõãøó íóÊóÈóíøóäõ áóåõ ãóæúÊõåõ¡ æóÚóáöíøñ ÞóÏú ÊóÈóíøóäó áóåõ ÃõãõæÑñ ÈöÎöáóÇÝö ãóÇ ßóÇäó íóÚúÊóÞöÏõåõ ÝöíåóÇ ÃóÖúÚóÇÝó Ðóáößó¡ Èóáú Ùóäøó ßóËöíÑðÇ ãöäó ÇáúÃóÍúßóÇãö Úóáóì ÎöáóÇÝö ãóÇ åöíó Úóáóíúåö¡ æóãóÇÊó Úóáóì Ðóáößó¡ æóáóãú íóÞúÏóÍú Ðóáößó Ýöí ÅöãóÇãóÊöåö ßóÝõÊúíóÇåõ Ýöí ÇáúãõÝóæøöÖóÉö ÇáøóÊöí ãóÇÊóÊú æóáóãú íõÝúÑóÖú áóåóÇ¡ æóÃóãúËóÇáõ Ðóáößó ãöãøóÇ åõæó ãóÚúÑõæÝñ ÚöäúÏó Ãóåúáö ÇáúÚöáúãö.
æóÃóãøóÇ ÇáúÍóÇãöáõ¡ ÝóÅöäú ßóÇäó (3) áóãú íóÚúáóãú ÃóäøóåóÇ ÍóÇãöáñ Ýóåõæó ãöäú åóÐóÇ ÇáúÈóÇÈö¡ ÝóÅöäøóåõ ÞóÏú íóßõæäõ ÃóãóÑó ÈöÑóÌúãöåóÇ æóáóãú íóÚúáóãú ÃóäøóåóÇ ÍóÇãöáñ¡ ÝóÃóÎúÈóÑóåõ Úóáöíøñ ÃóäøóåóÇ ÍóÇãöáñ¡ ÝóÞóÇáó: áóæúáóÇ Ãóäøó ÚóáöíøðÇ ÃóÎúÈóÑóäöí ÈöåóÇ áóÑóÌóãúÊõåóÇ¡ ÝóÞóÊóáúÊõ ÇáúÌóäöíäó¡ ÝóåóÐóÇ åõæó ÇáøóÐöí ÎóÇÝó ãöäúåõ.
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(1) ÓóÈóÞó åóÐóÇ ÇáúÍóÏöíËõ ÝöíãóÇ ãóÖóì
(2) ÓóÈóÞó åóÐóÇ ÇáúÍóÏöíËõ ÝöíãóÇ ãóÖóì
(3) Ó¡ È: ßóÇäóÊú(8/301)
æóÅöäú ÞõÏøöÑó Ãóäøóåõ ßóÇäó íóÙõäøõ ÌóæóÇÒó ÑóÌúãö ÇáúÍóÇãöáö¡ ÝóåóÐóÇ ãöãøóÇ ÞóÏú íóÎúÝóì¡ ÝóÅöäøó ÇáÔøóÑúÚó ÞóÏú ÌóÇÁó Ýöí ãóæúÖöÚò ÈöÞóÊúáö ÇáÕøóÈöíøö æóÇáúÍóÇãöáö ÊóÈóÚðÇ ßóãóÇ ÅöÐóÇ ÍõæÕöÑó ÇáúßõÝøóÇÑõ¡ ÝóÅöäøó ÇáäøóÈöíøó Õóáøóì Çááøóåõ Úóáóíúåö æóÓóáøóãó ÍóÇÕóÑó Ãóåúáó ÇáØøóÇÆöÝö æóäóÕóÈó Úóáóíúåöãõ ÇáúãóäúÌóäöíÞó¡ æóÞóÏú íóÞúÊõáõ ÇáäøöÓóÇÁó æóÇáÕøöÈúíóÇäó.
æóÝöí ÇáÕøóÍöíÍö Ãóäøóåõ «ÓõÆöáó Úóäú Ãóåúáö ÇáÏøóÇÑö ãöäó ÇáúãõÔúÑößöíäó íõÈóíøóÊõæäó ÝóíõÕóÇÈõ ãöäú äöÓóÇÆöåöãú æóÕöÈúíóÇäöåöãú¡ ÝóÞóÇáó: " åõãú ãöäúåõãú» " (1) .
æóÞóÏú ËóÈóÊó Úóäúåõ Ãóäøóåõ äóåóì Úóäú ÞóÊúáö ÇáäøöÓóÇÁö (2) æóÇáÕøöÈúíóÇäö.
æóÞóÏö ÇÔúÊóÈóåó åóÐóÇ Úóáóì ØóÇÆöÝóÉò ãöäú Ãóåúáö ÇáúÚöáúãö¡ ÝóãóäóÚõæÇ ãöäó ÇáúÈóíóÇÊö ÎóæúÝðÇ ãöäú ÞóÊúáö ÇáäøöÓóÇÁö æóÇáÕøöÈúíóÇäö.
ÝóßóÐóáößó ÞóÏú íõÔúÊóÈóåõ Úóáóì ãóäú Ùóäøó ÌóæóÇÒó Ðóáößó¡ æóíóÞõæáõ: Åöäøó ÇáÑøóÌúãó ÍóÏøñ æóÇÌöÈñ Úóáóì ÇáúÝóæúÑö ÝóáóÇ íóÌõæÒõ ÊóÃúÎöíÑõåõ.
áóßöäøó ÇáÓøõäøóÉó ÝóÑøóÞóÊú Èóíúäó ãóÇ íõãúßöäõ ÊóÃúÎöíÑõåõ ßóÇáúÍóÏøö æóÈóíúäó ãóÇ íõÍúÊóÇÌõ Åöáóíúåö ßóÇáúÈóíóÇÊö æóÇáúÍöÕóÇÑö.
æóÚõãóÑõ ÑóÖöíó Çááøóåõ Úóäúåõ ßóÇäó íõÑóÇÌöÚõåõ ÂÍóÇÏõ ÇáäøóÇÓö ÍóÊøóì Ýöí ãóÓúÃóáóÉö ÇáÕøóÏóÇÞö ÞóÇáóÊö ÇãúÑóÃóÉñ áóåõ: Ãóãöäúßó äóÓúãóÚõ Ãóãú ãöäú ßöÊóÇÈö Çááøóåö¿ ÝóÞóÇáó: Èóáú (3) ãöäú ßöÊóÇÈö Çááøóåö ÝóÞóÇáóÊú Åöäøó Çááøóåó íóÞõæáõ: {æóÂÊóíúÊõãú ÅöÍúÏóÇåõäøó ÞöäúØóÇÑðÇ ÝóáóÇ ÊóÃúÎõÐõæÇ ãöäúåõ ÔóíúÆðÇ}
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(1) ÓóÈóÞó åóÐóÇ ÇáúÍóÏöíËõ ÝöíãóÇ ãóÖóì
(2) ÈóÚúÏó ßóáöãóÉö " ÇáäøöÓóÇÁö " ÊõæÌóÏõ æóÑóÞóÉñ áóãú ÊõÕóæøóÑú ãöäú äõÓúÎóÉö (ã) Ãóæú ÞóÏú Êóßõæäõ ãóÝúÞõæÏóÉð ãöäó ÇáäøõÓúÎóÉö ÇáúÃóÕúáöíøóÉö æóÓóÃõäóÈøöåõ Úóáóì ÇáäøõÓúÎóÉö ÚöäúÏó ÇáúÚóæúÏóÉö ÅöáóíúåóÇ Åöäú ÔóÇÁó Çááøóåõ
(3) Èóáú: ÓóÇÞöØóÉñ ãöäú (Ó) ¡ (È)(8/302)
[ÓõæÑóÉõ ÇáäøöÓóÇÁö: 20] ÝóÞóÇáó: ÇãúÑóÃóÉñ ÃóÕóÇÈóÊú æóÑóÌõáñ ÃóÎúØóÃó (1) .
æóßóÐóáößó ßóÇäó íóÑúÌöÚõ Åöáóì ÚõËúãóÇäó æóÛóíúÑöåö æóåõæó ÃóÚúáóãõ ãöäú åóÄõáóÇÁö ßõáøöåöãú.
æóÕóÇÍöÈõ ÇáúÚöáúãö ÇáúÚóÙöíãö ÅöÐóÇ ÑóÌóÚó Åöáóì ãóäú åõæó Ïõæäóåõ Ýöí ÈóÚúÖö ÇáúÃõãõæÑö¡ áóãú (2) íóÞúÏóÍú åóÐóÇ Ýöí ßóæúäöåö ÃóÚúáóãó ãöäúåõ¡ ÝóÞóÏú ÊóÚóáøóãó ãõæÓóì ãöäó ÇáúÎóÖöÑö ËóáóÇËó ãóÓóÇÆöáó¡ æóÊóÚóáøóãó ÓõáóíúãóÇäõ ãöäó ÇáúåõÏúåõÏö ÎóÈóÑó ÈöáúÞöíÓó.
æóßóÇäó ÇáÕøóÍóÇÈóÉõ Ýöíåöãú ãóäú íõÔöíÑõ Úóáóì ÇáäøóÈöíøö Õóáøóì Çááøóåõ Úóáóíúåö æóÓóáøóãó Ýöí ÈóÚúÖö ÇáúÃõãõæÑö (3) ¡ æóßóÇäó ÚõãóÑõ ÃóßúËóÑó ÇáÕøóÍóÇÈóÉö ãõÑóÇÌóÚóÉð áöáäøóÈöíøö Õóáøóì Çááøóåõ Úóáóíúåö æóÓóáøóãó¡ æóäóÒóáó ÇáúÞõÑúÂäõ ÈöãõæóÇÝóÞóÊöåö Ýöí ãóæóÇÖöÚó: ßóÇáúÍöÌóÇÈö¡ æóÃõÓóÇÑóì ÈóÏúÑò¡ æóÇÊøöÎóÇÐö ãóÞóÇãö ÅöÈúÑóÇåöíãó ãõÕóáøðì¡ æóÞóæúáöåö: {ÚóÓóì ÑóÈøõåõ Åöäú ØóáøóÞóßõäøó} ¡ æóÛóíúÑö Ðóáößó.
æóåóÐöåö ÇáúãõæóÇÝóÞóÉõ æóÇáúãõÑóÇÌóÚóÉõ áóãú Êóßõäú áóÇ (4) áöÚõËúãóÇäó æóáóÇ áöÚóáöíøò.
æóÝöí ÇáÊøöÑúãöÐöíøö: " «áóæú áóãú ÃõÈúÚóËú Ýöíßõãú áóÈõÚöËó Ýöíßõãú ÚõãóÑõ» " (5) ¡ " «æóáóæú ßóÇäó ÈóÚúÏöí äóÈöíøñ áóßóÇäó ÚõãóÑó» " (6) .
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(1) ÓóÈóÞó ÇáúßóáóÇãõ Úóáóì åóÐóÇ ÇáúÃóËóÑö ÝöíãóÇ ãóÖóì
(2) ä¡ Ó: æóáóãú
(3) ÚöÈóÇÑóÉõ " Ýöí ÈóÚúÖö ÇáúÃõãõæÑö ": ÓóÇÞöØóÉñ ãöäú (ä) ¡ (Ó)
(4) áóÇ: ÓóÇÞöØóÉñ ãöäú (Ó) ¡ (È)
(5) ÓóÈóÞó åóÐóÇ ÇáúÍóÏöíËõ ÝöíãóÇ ãóÖóì
(6) ÓóÈóÞó åóÐóÇ ÇáúÍóÏöíËõ ÝöíãóÇ ãóÖóì(8/303)
[ÝÕá ÞÇá ÇáÑÇÝÖí ÇáËÇáË ÚÔÑ Ãäå ÇÈÊÏÚ ÇáÊÑÇæíÍ æÇáÑÏ Úáíå]
ÝóÕúáñ
ÞóÇáó ÇáÑøóÇÝöÖöíøõ (1) : " ÇáËøóÇáöËó ÚóÔóÑó: Ãóäøóåõ ÇÈúÊóÏóÚó ÇáÊøóÑóÇæöíÍó ãóÚó Ãóäøó ÇáäøóÈöíøó Õóáøóì Çááøóåõ Úóáóíúåö æóÓóáøóãó ÞóÇáó: «ÃóíøõåóÇ ÇáäøóÇÓõ (2) Åöäøó ÇáÕøóáóÇÉó ÈöÇááøóíúáö Ýöí ÔóåúÑö ÑóãóÖóÇäó ãöäó ÇáäøóÇÝöáóÉö ÌóãóÇÚóÉð ÈöÏúÚóÉñ¡ æóÕóáóÇÉõ ÇáÖøõÍóì ÈöÏúÚóÉñ¡ ÝóÅöäøó ÞóáöíáðÇ (3) Ýöí ÓõäøóÉò ÎóíúÑñ ãöäú ßóËöíÑò Ýöí ÈöÏúÚóÉò¡ ÃóáóÇ æóÅöäøó ßõáøó ÈöÏúÚóÉò ÖóáóÇáóÉñ¡ æóßõáøó ÖóáóÇáóÉò ÓóÈöíáõåóÇ Åöáóì ÇáäøóÇÑö» ¡ æóÎóÑóÌó ÚõãóÑõ Ýöí ÔóåúÑö ÑóãóÖóÇäó áóíúáðÇ ÝóÑóÃóì ÇáúãóÕóÇÈöíÍó Ýöí ÇáúãóÓóÇÌöÏö¡ ÝóÞóÇáó: ãóÇ åóÐóÇ¿ ÝóÞöíáó áóåõ: Åöäøó ÇáäøóÇÓó ÞóÏö ÇÌúÊóãóÚõæÇ áöÕóáóÇÉö ÇáÊøóØóæøõÚö¡ ÝóÞóÇáó: ÈöÏúÚóÉñ æóäöÚúãóÊö (4) ÇáúÈöÏúÚóÉõ¡ ÝóÇÚúÊóÑóÝó ÈöÃóäøóåóÇ ÈöÏúÚóÉñ ".
ÝóíõÞóÇáõ: ãóÇ ÑõÆöíó Ýöí ØóæóÇÆöÝö Ãóåúáö ÇáúÈöÏóÚö æóÇáÖøóáóÇáö ÃóÌúÑóÃó ãöäú åóÐöåö ÇáØøóÇÆöÝóÉö ÇáÑøóÇÝöÖóÉö Úóáóì ÇáúßóÐöÈö Úóáóì ÑóÓõæáö Çááøóåö Õóáøóì Çááøóåõ Úóáóíúåö æóÓóáøóãó¡ æóÞóæúáõåóÇ Úóáóíúåö ãóÇ áóãú íóÞõáúåõ¡ æóÇáúæóÞóÇÍóÉõ ÇáúãõÝúÑöØóÉõ Ýöí ÇáúßóÐöÈö¡ æóÅöäú ßóÇäó Ýöíåöãú ãóäú áóÇ íóÚúÑöÝõ ÃóäøóåóÇ ßóÐöÈñ¡ Ýóåõæó ãõÝúÑöØñ Ýöí ÇáúÌóåúáö ßóãóÇ ÞóÇáó ÝóÅöäú ßõäúÊó áóÇ ÊóÏúÑöí ÝóÊöáúßó ãõÕöíÈóÉñ æóÅöäú ßõäúÊó ÊóÏúÑöí ÝóÇáúãõÕöíÈóÉõ ÃóÚúÙóãõ
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(1) Ýöí (ß) Õ 196 (ã)
(2) ß: íóÇ ÃóíøõåóÇ ÇáäøóÇÓõ.
(3) ß: æóÕóáóÇÉõ ÇáÖøõÍóì ÈöÏúÚóÉñ¡ ÃóáóÇ ÝóáóÇ ÊóÌúãóÚõæÇ áóíúáðÇ Ýöí ÔóåúÑö ÑóãóÖóÇäó Ýöí ÇáäøóÇÝöáóÉö æóáóÇ ÊõÕóáøõæÇ ÕóáóÇÉó ÇáÖøõÍóì¡ ÝóÅöäøó ÞóáöíáðÇ.
(4) ß: æóäöÚúãó.(8/304)
æóÇáúÌóæóÇÈõ ãöäú æõÌõæåò: ÃóÍóÏõåóÇ: ÇáúãõØóÇáóÈóÉõ¡ ÝóíõÞóÇáõ: ãóÇ ÇáÏøóáöíáõ Úóáóì ÕöÍøóÉö åóÐóÇ ÇáúÍóÏöíËö¿ æóÃóíúäó ÅöÓúäóÇÏõåõ¿ æóÝöí Ãóíøö ßöÊóÇÈò ãöäú ßõÊõÈö ÇáúãõÓúáöãöíäó Ñõæöíó åóÐóÇ¿ æóãóäú ÞóÇáó ãöäú Ãóåúáö ÇáúÚöáúãö ÈöÇáúÍóÏöíËö: Åöäøó åóÐóÇ ÕóÍöíÍñ¿ .
ÇáËøóÇäöí: Ãóäøó ÌóãöíÚó Ãóåúáö ÇáúãóÚúÑöÝóÉö ÈöÇáúÍóÏöíËö íóÚúáóãõæäó ÚöáúãðÇ ÖóÑõæÑöíøðÇ Ãóäøó åóÐóÇ ãöäó ÇáúßóÐöÈö ÇáúãóæúÖõæÚö Úóáóì ÑóÓõæáö Çááøóåö Õóáøóì Çááøóåõ Úóáóíúåö æóÓóáøóãó¡ æóÃóÏúäóì ãóäú áóåõ ãóÚúÑöÝóÉñ ÈöÇáúÍóÏöíËö íóÚúáóãõ Ãóäøóåõ ßóÐöÈñ áóãú íóÑúæöåö ÃóÍóÏñ ãöäó ÇáúãõÓúáöãöíäó Ýöí ÔóíúÁò ãöäú ßõÊõÈöåö: áóÇ ßõÊõÈö ÇáÕøóÍöíÍö æóáóÇ ÇáÓøõäóäö æóáóÇ ÇáúãóÓóÇäöÏö¡ æóáóÇ ÇáúãõÚúÌóãóÇÊö æóáóÇ ÇáúÃóÌúÒóÇÁö¡ æóáóÇ íõÚúÑóÝõ áóåõ ÅöÓúäóÇÏñ: áóÇ ÕóÍöíÍñ æóáóÇ ÖóÚöíÝñ¡ Èóáú åõæó ßóÐöÈñ Èóíøöäñ.
ÇáËøóÇáöËõ: Ãóäøóåõ ÞóÏú ËóÈóÊó Ãóäøó ÇáäøóÇÓó ßóÇäõæÇ íõÕóáøõæäó ÈöÇááøóíúáö Ýöí ÑóãóÖóÇäó Úóáóì ÚóåúÏö ÇáäøóÈöíøö Õóáøóì Çááøóåõ Úóáóíúåö æóÓóáøóãó¡ æóËóÈóÊó Ãóäøóåõ Õóáøóì ÈöÇáúãõÓúáöãöíäó ÌóãóÇÚóÉð áóíúáóÊóíúäö Ãóæú ËóáóÇËðÇ.
ÝóÝöí ÇáÕøóÍöíÍóíúäö Úóäú ÚóÇÆöÔóÉó ÑóÖöíó Çááøóåõ ÚóäúåóÇ Ãóäøó ÇáäøóÈöíøó Õóáøóì Çááøóåõ Úóáóíúåö æóÓóáøóãó «ÎóÑóÌó áóíúáóÉð ãöäú ÌóæúÝö Çááøóíúáö¡ ÝóÕóáøóì æóÕóáøóì ÑöÌóÇáñ ÈöÕóáóÇÊöåö¡ ÝóÃóÕúÈóÍó ÇáäøóÇÓõ ÝóÊóÍóÏøóËõæÇ ÝóÇÌúÊóãóÚó ÃóßúËóÑõ ãöäúåõãú ÝóÕóáøóì ÝóÕóáøóæúÇ ãóÚóåõ ÝóÃóÕúÈóÍó ÇáäøóÇÓõ ÝóÊóÍóÏøóËõæÇ¡ ÝóßóËõÑó Ãóåúáõ ÇáúãóÓúÌöÏö ãöäó ÇááøóíúáóÉö ÇáËøóÇáöËóÉö ÝóÎóÑóÌó ÑóÓõæáõ Çááøóåö Õóáøóì Çááøóåõ Úóáóíúåö æóÓóáøóãó ÝóÕóáøóì ÕóáóÇÊóåõ¡ ÝóáóãøóÇ ßóÇäóÊö ÇááøóíúáóÉõ ÇáÑøóÇÈöÚóÉõ ÚóÌóÒó ÇáúãóÓúÌöÏõ Úóäú Ãóåúáöåö¡ Ýóáóãú íóÎúÑõÌú Åöáóíúåöãú ÑóÓõæáõ Çááøóåö Õóáøóì Çááøóåõ Úóáóíúåö æóÓóáøóãó ÝóØóÝöÞó ÑöÌóÇáñ íóÞõæáõæäó: ÇáÕøóáóÇÉó¡ Ýóáóãú íóÎúÑõÌú Åöáóíúåöãú ÍóÊøóì ÎóÑóÌó áöÕóáóÇÉö ÇáÕøõÈúÍö¡ ÝóáóãøóÇ ÞóÖóì ÇáúÝóÌúÑó ÃóÞúÈóáó Úóáóì ÇáäøóÇÓö ÝóÊóÔóåøóÏó¡ Ëõãøó ÞóÇáó: " ÃóãøóÇ ÈóÚúÏõ¡ ÝóÅöäøóåõ áóãú íóÎúÝó Úóáóíøó ãóßóÇäõßõãú¡(8/305)
æóáóßöäú ÎóÔöíÊõ Ãóäú ÊõÝúÑóÖó Úóáóíúßõãú¡ ÝóÊóÚúÌöÒõæÇ ÚóäúåóÇ ÝóÊõæõÝøöíó ÑóÓõæáõ Çááøóåö Õóáøóì Çááøóåõ Úóáóíúåö æóÓóáøóãó æóÇáúÃóãúÑõ Úóáóì Ðóáößó» ¡ æóÐóáößó Ýöí ÑóãóÖóÇäó (1) .
«æóÚóäú ÃóÈöí ÐóÑøò ÞóÇáó: ÕõãúäóÇ ãóÚó ÑóÓõæáö Çááøóåö Õóáøóì Çááøóåõ Úóáóíúåö æóÓóáøóãó ÑóãóÖóÇäó Ýóáóãú íóÞõãú ÈöäóÇ ÔóíúÆðÇ ãöäó ÇáÔøóåúÑö ÍóÊøóì ÈóÞöíó ÓóÈúÚñ ÝóÞóÇãó ÈöäóÇ ÍóÊøóì ÐóåóÈó ËõáõËõ Çááøóíúáö¡ ÝóáóãøóÇ ßóÇäóÊö ÇáÓøóÇÏöÓóÉõ áóãú íóÞõãú ÈöäóÇ¡ ÝóáóãøóÇ ßóÇäóÊö ÇáúÎóÇãöÓóÉõ ÞóÇãó ÈöäóÇ ÍóÊøóì ÐóåóÈó ÔóØúÑõ Çááøóíúáö (2) ¡ ÝóÞõáúÊõ: íóÇ ÑóÓõæáó Çááøóåö áóæú äóÝøóáúÊóäóÇ ÞöíóÇãó åóÐöåö ÇááøóíúáóÉö¡ ÞóÇáó: " Åöäøó ÇáÑøóÌõáó ÅöÐóÇ Õóáøóì ãóÚó ÇáúÅöãóÇãö ÍóÊøóì íóäúÕóÑöÝó ÍõÓöÈó áóåõ ÞöíóÇãõ áóíúáöåö "¡ ÝóáóãøóÇ ßóÇäóÊö ÇááøóíúáóÉõ ÇáÑøóÇÈöÚóÉõ áóãú íóÞõãú ÈöäóÇ¡ ÝóáóãøóÇ ßóÇäóÊö ÇááøóíúáóÉõ (3) [ÇáËøóÇáöËóÉõ] ÌóãóÚó Ãóåúáóåõ æóäöÓóÇÁóåõ¡ ÝóÞóÇãó ÈöäóÇ ÍóÊøóì ÎóÔöíäóÇ Ãóäú íóÝõæÊóäóÇ ÇáúÝóáóÇÍõ¡ ÞõáúÊõ: æóãóÇ ÇáúÝóáóÇÍõ¿ ÞóÇáó: ÇáÓøõÍõæÑõ¡ Ëõãøó áóãú íóÞõãú ÈöäóÇ ÈóÞöíøóÉó ÇáÔøóåúÑö» ¡ ÑóæóÇåõ ÃóÍúãóÏõ æóÇáÊøöÑúãöÐöíøõ æóÇáäøóÓóÇÆöíøõ æóÃóÈõæ ÏóÇæõÏó (4) .
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(1) ÇáúÍóÏöíËõ Úóäú ÚóÇÆöÔóÉó ÑóÖöíó Çááøóåõ ÚóäúåóÇ Ýöí: ÇáúÈõÎóÇÑöíøö 2/11 (ßöÊóÇÈõ ÇáúÌõãõÚóÉö¡ ÈóÇÈõ ãóäú ÞóÇáó Ýöí ÇáúÎõØúÈóÉö ÈóÚúÏó ÇáËøóäóÇÁö ÃóãøóÇ ÈóÚúÏõ 3/45 (ßöÊóÇÈõ ÕóáóÇÉö ÇáÊøóÑóÇæöíÍö¡ ÈóÇÈõ ÝóÖúáö ãóäú ÞóÇãó ÑóãóÖóÇäó) Óõäóäö ÃóÈöí ÏóÇæõÏó 2/67 (ßöÊóÇÈõ ÊóÝúÑöíÚö ÃóÈúæóÇÈö ÔóåúÑö ÑóãóÖóÇäó¡ ÈóÇÈñ Ýöí ÞöíóÇãö ÔóåúÑö ÑóãóÖóÇäó)
(2) (2 - 2) ÓóÇÞöØñ ãöäú (Ó) ¡ (È)
(3) ÇááøóíúáóÉõ: ÒöíóÇÏóÉñ Ýöí (È)
(4) ÇáúÍóÏöíËõ Úóäú ÃóÈöí ÐóÑøò ÇáúÛöÝóÇÑöíøö ÑóÖöíó Çááøóåõ Úóäúåõ Ýöí: Óõäóäö ÃóÈöí ÏóÇæõÏó 2/68 (ßöÊóÇÈõ ÊóÝúÑöíÚö ÃóÈúæóÇÈö ÔóåúÑö ÑóãóÖóÇäó¡ ÈóÇÈñ Ýöí ÞöíóÇãö ÔóåúÑö ÑóãóÖóÇäó) Óõäóäö ÇáÊøöÑúãöÐöíøö 2/150 (ßöÊóÇÈõ ÇáÕøóæúãö ÈóÇÈõ ãóÇ ÌóÇÁó ãöäú ÞöíóÇãö ÔóåúÑö ÑóãóÖóÇäó) æóÞóÇáó ÇáÊøöÑúãöÐöíøõ: " åóÐóÇ ÍóÏöíËñ ÍóÓóäñ ÕóÍöíÍñ¡ Óõäóäö ÇáäøóÓóÇÆöíøö 3/202 - 203 (ßöÊóÇÈõ ÞöíóÇãö Çááøóíúáö¡ ÈóÇÈõ ÞöíóÇãö ÔóåúÑö ÑóãóÖóÇäó) ÇáúãõÓúäóÏö (Ø ÇáúÍóáóÈöíøö) 5/159 - 160¡ 163¡ Óõäóäö ÇÈúäö ãóÇÌóåú 1/420 - 421 (ßöÊóÇÈõ ÅöÞóÇãóÉö ÇáÕøóáóÇÉö æóÇáÓøõäøóÉö ÝöíåóÇ ÈóÇÈõ ãóÇ ÌóÇÁó Ýöí ÞöíóÇãö ÔóåúÑö ÑóãóÖóÇäó) Óõäóäö ÇáúÈóíúåóÞöíøö 2/494 - 495(8/306)
æóÝöí ÕóÍöíÍö ãõÓúáöãò Úóäú ÃóÈöí åõÑóíúÑóÉó ÞóÇáó: ßóÇäó ÑóÓõæáõ Çááøóåö Õóáøóì Çááøóåõ Úóáóíúåö æóÓóáøóãó íõÑóÛøöÈõ Ýöí ÞöíóÇãö ÑóãóÖóÇäó ãöäú ÛóíúÑö Ãóäú íóÃúãõÑó Ýöíåö ÈöÚóÒöíãóÉò¡ æóíóÞõæáõ: " «ãóäú ÞóÇãó ÑóãóÖóÇäó ÅöíãóÇäðÇ æóÇÍúÊöÓóÇÈðÇ ÛõÝöÑó áóåõ ãóÇ ÊóÞóÏøóãó ãöäú ÐóäúÈöåö» " ÝóÊõæõÝøöíó ÑóÓõæáõ Çááøóåö Õóáøóì Çááøóåõ Úóáóíúåö æóÓóáøóãó æóÇáúÃóãúÑõ Úóáóì Ðóáößó Ýöí ÎöáóÇÝóÉö ÃóÈöí ÈóßúÑò æóÕóÏúÑðÇ ãöäú ÎöáóÇÝóÉö ÚõãóÑó (1) .
æóÎóÑøóÌó ÇáúÈõÎóÇÑöíøõ Úóäú ÚóÈúÏö ÇáÑøóÍúãóäö Èúäö ÚóÈúÏò ÇáúÞóÇÑöíøö ÞóÇáó: ÎóÑóÌúÊõ ãóÚó ÚõãóÑó áóíúáóÉð ãöäú ÑóãóÖóÇäó Åöáóì ÇáúãóÓúÌöÏö¡ ÝóÅöÐóÇ ÇáäøóÇÓõ ÃóæúÒóÇÚñ ãõÊóÝóÑøöÞõæäó¡ íõÕóáøöí ÇáÑøóÌõáõ áöäóÝúÓöåö æóíõÕóáøöí ÇáÑøóÌõáõ ÝóíõÕóáøöí ÈöÕóáóÇÊöåö ÇáÑøóåúØõ¡ ÝóÞóÇáó ÚõãóÑõ: Åöäøöí áóÃóÑóì áóæú ÌóãóÚúÊõ åóÄõáóÇÁö Úóáóì ÞóÇÑöÆò æóÇÍöÏò áóßóÇäó ÃóãúËóáó¡ Ëõãøó ÚóÒóãó ÝóÌóãóÚóåõãú Úóáóì ÃõÈóíøö Èúäö ßóÚúÈò¡ Ëõãøó ÎóÑóÌúÊõ ãóÚóåõ áóíúáóÉð ÃõÎúÑóì æóÇáäøóÇÓõ íõÕóáøõæäó ÈöÕóáóÇÉö ÞóÇÑöÆöåöãú¡ ÞóÇáó ÚõãóÑõ: äöÚúãóÊö ÇáúÈöÏúÚóÉõ åóÐöåö (2) ¡ æóÇáøóÊöí ÊóäóÇãõæäó ÚóäúåóÇ ÃóÝúÖóáõ ãöäó ÇáøóÊöí ÊóÞõæãõæäó íõÑöíÏõ ÈöÐóáößó ÂÎöÑó Çááøóíúáö¡ æóßóÇäó ÇáäøóÇÓõ íóÞõæãõæäó Ãóæøóáóåõ (3) .
æóåóÐóÇ ÇáöÇÌúÊöãóÇÚõ ÇáúÚóÇãøõ áóãøóÇ áóãú íóßõäú ÞóÏú ÝõÚöáó ÓóãøóÇåõ ÈöÏúÚóÉð¡ áöÃóäøó ãóÇ ÝõÚöáó ÇÈúÊöÏóÇÁð
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(1) ÇáúÍóÏöíËõ ÈöåóÐóÇ ÇááøóÝúÙö Úóäú ÃóÈöí åõÑóíúÑóÉó ÑóÖöíó Çááøóåõ Úóäúåõ Ýöí ÇáúÈõÎóÇÑöíøö 3/44 - 45 (ßöÊóÇÈõ ÇáÊøóÑóÇæöíÍö¡ ÈóÇÈõ ÝóÖúáö ãóäú ÞóÇãó ÑóãóÖóÇäó) ¡ ãõÓúáöãò 1/523 (ßöÊóÇÈõ ÕóáóÇÉö ÇáúãõÓóÇÝöÑöíäó æóÞóÕúÑöåóÇ¡ ÈóÇÈõ ÇáÊøóÑúÛöíÈö Ýöí ÞöíóÇãö ÑóãóÖóÇäó æóåõæó ÇáÊøóÑóÇæöíÍõ) æóåõæó ÃóíúÖðÇ Ýöí Óõäóäö ÃóÈöí ÏóÇæõÏó 2/66 - 67 (ßöÊóÇÈõ ÊóÝúÑöíÚö ÃóÈúæóÇÈö ÔóåúÑö ÑóãóÖóÇäó ÈóÇÈñ Ýöí ÞöíóÇãö ÔóåúÑö ÑóãóÖóÇäó (ÇáúãõæóØøóÃö) 1/113 - 114 (ßöÊóÇÈõ ÇáÕøóáóÇÉö Ýöí ÑóãóÖóÇäó¡ ÈóÇÈõ ÇáÊøóÑúÛöíÈö Ýöí ÇáÕøóáóÇÉö Ýöí ÑóãóÖóÇäó
(2) Ýöí åóÇãöÔö (Ó) ßõÊöÈó ÃóãóÇãó åóÐóÇ ÇáúãóæúÖöÚö ãóÇ íóáöí: ÇáúÈöÏúÚóÉõ ÇáÔøóÑúÚöíøóÉõ åöíó ÇáÖøóáóÇáóÉõ Ïõæäó ÇáúÈöÏúÚóÉö ÇááøõÛóæöíøóÉö æóÇáÊøóÑóÇæöíÍõ ãöäó ÇáËøóÇäöí
(3) ÇáúÍóÏöíËõ Úóäú ÚóÈúÏö ÇáÑøóÍúãóäö Èúäö ÚóÈúÏò ÇáúÞóÇÑöíøö Ýöí: ÇáúÈõÎóÇÑöíøö 3/45 (ßöÊóÇÈõ ÕóáóÇÉö ÇáÊøóÑóÇæöíÍö¡ ÈóÇÈõ ÝóÖúáö ãóäú ÞóÇãó ÑóãóÖóÇäó) ÇáúãõæóØøóÃö 1/114 - 115 (ßöÊóÇÈõ ÇáÕøóáóÇÉö Ýöí ÑóãóÖóÇäó¡ ÈóÇÈõ ãóÇ ÌóÇÁó Ýöí ÞöíóÇãö ÑóãóÖóÇäó)(8/307)
íõÓóãøóì ÈöÏúÚóÉð Ýöí ÇááøõÛóÉö¡ æóáóíúÓó Ðóáößó ÈöÏúÚóÉð ÔóÑúÚöíøóÉð ; ÝóÅöäøó ÇáúÈöÏúÚóÉó ÇáÔøóÑúÚöíøóÉó ÇáøóÊöí åöíó ÖóáóÇáóÉñ åöíó ãóÇ ÝõÚöáó ÈöÛóíúÑö Ïóáöíáò ÔóÑúÚöíøò ßóÇÓúÊöÍúÈóÇÈö ãóÇ áóãú íõÍöÈøóåõ Çááøóåõ¡ æóÅöíÌóÇÈö ãóÇ áóãú íõæÌöÈúåõ Çááøóåõ æóÊóÍúÑöíãö ãóÇ áóãú íõÍóÑøöãúåõ Çááøóåõ¡ ÝóáóÇ ÈõÏøó ãóÚó ÇáúÝöÚúáö (1) ãöäö ÇÚúÊöÞóÇÏò íõÎóÇáöÝõ ÇáÔøóÑöíÚóÉó¡ æóÅöáøóÇ Ýóáóæú Úóãöáó ÇáúÅöäúÓóÇäõ ÝöÚúáðÇ ãõÍóÑøóãðÇ íóÚúÊóÞöÏõ ÊóÍúÑöíãóåõ áóãú íõÞóáú Åöäøóåõ ÝóÚóáó ÈöÏúÚóÉð.
ÇáÑøóÇÈöÚõ: Ãóäøó åóÐóÇ áóæú ßóÇäó ÞóÈöíÍðÇ ãóäúåöíøðÇ Úóäúåõ áóßóÇäó Úóáöíøñ ÃóÈúØóáóåõ áóãøóÇ ÕóÇÑó ÃóãöíÑó ÇáúãõÄúãöäöíäó æóåõæó ÈöÇáúßõæÝóÉö¡ ÝóáóãøóÇ ßóÇäó ÌóÇÑöíðÇ Ýöí Ðóáößó ãóÌúÑóì ÚõãóÑó Ïóáøó Úóáóì ÇÓúÊöÍúÈóÇÈö Ðóáößó¡ Èóáú Ñõæöíó Úóäú Úóáöíøò Ãóäøóåõ ÞóÇáó: äóæøóÑó Çááøóåõ Úóáóì ÚõãóÑó ÞóÈúÑóåõ ßóãóÇ äóæøóÑó ÚóáóíúäóÇ ãóÓóÇÌöÏóäóÇ.
æóÚóäú ÃóÈöí ÚóÈúÏö ÇáÑøóÍúãóäö ÇáÓøõáóãöíøö Ãóäøó ÚóáöíøðÇ ÏóÚóÇ ÇáúÞõÑøóÇÁó Ýöí ÑóãóÖóÇäó¡ ÝóÃóãóÑó ÑóÌõáðÇ ãöäúåõãú íõÕóáøöí ÈöÇáäøóÇÓö ÚöÔúÑöíäó ÑóßúÚóÉð¡ ÞóÇáó (2) : æóßóÇäó Úóáöíøñ íõæÊöÑõ Èöåöãú (3) .
æóÚóäú ÚóÑúÝóÌóÉó ÇáËøóÞóÝöíøö ÞóÇáó: ßóÇäó Úóáöíøñ íóÃúãõÑõ ÇáäøóÇÓó ÈöÞöíóÇãö ÔóåúÑö ÑóãóÖóÇäó¡ æóíóÌúÚóáõ áöáÑøöÌóÇáö ÅöãóÇãðÇ æóáöáäøöÓóÇÁö ÅöãóÇãðÇ¡ ÞóÇáó ÚóÑúÝóÌóÉõ: ÝóßõäúÊõ ÃóäóÇ ÅöãóÇãó ÇáäøöÓóÇÁö ÑóæóÇåõãóÇ ÇáúÈóíúåóÞöíøõ Ýöí " Óõäóäöåö " (4) .
æóÞóÏú ÊóäóÇÒóÚó ÇáúÚõáóãóÇÁõ Ýöí ÞöíóÇãö ÑóãóÖóÇäó: åóáú ÝöÚúáõåõ Ýöí ÇáúãóÓúÌöÏö ÌóãóÇÚóÉð ÃóÝúÖóáõ Ãóãú ÝöÚúáõåõ Ýöí ÇáúÈóíúÊö ÃóÝúÖóáõ¿ Úóáóì Þóæúáóíúäö ãóÔúåõæÑóíúäö¡ åõãóÇ: ÞóæúáóÇäö
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(1) ä: ÇáúÚóÞúáö¡ æóåõæó ÊóÍúÑöíÝñ
(2) ÞóÇáó: ÓóÇÞöØóÉñ ãöäú (Ó) ¡ (È)
(3) åóÐóÇ ÇáúÃóËóÑõ Úóäú ÃóÈöí ÚóÈúÏö ÇáÑøóÍúãóäö ÇáÓøõáóãöíøö Ýöí: Óõäóäö ÇáúÈóíúåóÞöíøö 2/496 - 497
(4) åóÐóÇ ÇáúÃóËóÑõ Úóäú ÚóÑúÝóÌóÉó ÇáÓøõáóãöíøö Ýöí: Óõäóäö ÇáúÈóíúåóÞöíøö 2/4(8/308)
áöáÔøóÇÝöÚöíøö æóÃóÍúãóÏó æóØóÇÆöÝóÉò íõÑóÌøöÍõæäó ÝöÚúáóåóÇ Ýöí ÇáúãóÓúÌöÏö ÌóãóÇÚóÉð ãöäúåõãõ ÇááøóíúËõ¡ æóÃóãøóÇ ãóÇáößñ æóØóÇÆöÝóÉñ ÝóíõÑóÌøöÍõæäó ÝöÚúáóåóÇ Ýöí ÇáúÈóíúÊö¡ æóíóÍúÊóÌøõæäó ÈöÞóæúáö ÇáäøóÈöíøö Õóáøóì Çááøóåõ Úóáóíúåö æóÓóáøóãó: " «ÃóÝúÖóáõ ÇáÕøóáóÇÉö ÕóáóÇÉõ ÇáúãóÑúÁö Ýöí ÈóíúÊöåö ÅöáøóÇ ÇáúãóßúÊõæÈóÉó» " ÃóÎúÑóÌóÇåõ Ýöí ÇáÕøóÍöíÍóíúäö (1) .
æóÃóÍúãóÏõ æóÛóíúÑõåõ ÇÍúÊóÌøõæÇ ÈöÞóæúáöåö Ýöí ÍóÏöíËö ÃóÈöí ÐóÑøò: " «ÇáÑøóÌõáõ ÅöÐóÇ ÞóÇãó ãóÚó ÇáúÅöãóÇãö ÍóÊøóì íóäúÕóÑöÝó ßóÊóÈó [Çááøóåõ] áóåõ (2) ÞöíóÇãó áóíúáóÉò» " (3) .
æóÃóãøóÇ Þóæúáõåõ: " «ÃóÝúÖóáõ [ÇáÕøóáóÇÉö] (4) ÕóáóÇÉõ ÇáúãóÑúÁö Ýöí ÈóíúÊöåö ÅöáøóÇ ÇáúãóßúÊõæÈóÉó» ÝóÇáúãõÑóÇÏõ ÈöÐóáößó ãóÇ áóãú ÊõÔúÑóÚú áóåõ ÇáúÌóãóÇÚóÉõ¡ æóÃóãøóÇ ãóÇ ÔõÑöÚóÊú áóåõ ÇáúÌóãóÇÚóÉõ (5) ßóÕóáóÇÉö ÇáúßõÓõæÝö¡ ÝóÝöÚúáõåóÇ Ýöí ÇáúãóÓúÌöÏö ÃóÝúÖóáõ ÈöÓõäøóÉö ÑóÓõæáö Çááøóåö Õóáøóì Çááøóåõ Úóáóíúåö æóÓóáøóãó ÇáúãõÊóæóÇÊöÑóÉö æóÇÊøöÝóÇÞö ÇáúÚõáóãóÇÁö.
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(1) ÇáúÍóÏöíËõ Úóäú ÒóíúÏö Èúäö ËóÇÈöÊò ÑóÖöíó Çááøóåõ Úóäúåõ Ýöí: ÇáúÈõÎóÇÑöíøö 1/147 (ßöÊóÇÈõ ÇáúÃóÐóÇäö¡ ÈóÇÈõ ÕóáóÇÉö Çááøóíúáö) æóäóÕøõåõ: Ãóäøó ÑóÓõæáó Çááøóåö Õóáøóì Çááøóåõ Úóáóíúåö æóÓóáøóãó ÇÊøóÎóÐó ÍõÌúÑóÉð¡ ÞóÇáó ÍóÓöÈúÊõ Ãóäøóåõ ÞóÇáó: ãöäú ÍóÕöíÑò Ýöí ÑóãóÖóÇäó¡ ÝóÕóáøóì ÝöíåóÇ áóíóÇáöíó¡ ÝóÕóáøóì ÈöÕóáóÇÊöåö äóÇÓñ ãöäú ÃóÕúÍóÇÈöåö ÝóáóãøóÇ Úóáöãó Èöåöãú ÌóÚóáó íóÞúÚõÏõ ÝóÎóÑóÌó Åöáóíúåöãú ÝóÞóÇáó: ÞóÏú ÚóÑóÝúÊõ ÇáøóÐöí ÑóÃóíúÊõ ãöäú ÕóäöíÚößõãú ÝóÕóáøõæÇ ÃóíøõåóÇ ÇáäøóÇÓõ Ýöí ÈõíõæÊößõãú ÝóÅöäøó ÃóÝúÖóáó ÇáÕøóáóÇÉö ÕóáóÇÉõ ÇáúãóÑúÁö Ýöí ÈóíúÊöåö ÅöáøóÇ ÇáúãóßúÊõæÈóÉó " æóÇáúÍóÏöíËõ ÃóíúÖðÇ - ãóÚó ÇÎúÊöáóÇÝò Ýöí ÇáúÃóáúÝóÇÙö - Ýöí: ÇáúÈõÎóÇÑöíøö 8/28 (ßöÊóÇÈõ ÇáúÃóÏóÈö¡ ÈóÇÈõ ãóÇ íóÌõæÒõ ãöäó ÇáúÛóÖóÈö æóÇáÔøöÏøóÉö áöÃóãúÑö Çááøóåö) ¡ 9/95 (ßöÊóÇÈõ ÇáöÇÚúÊöÕóÇãö ÈöÇáúßöÊóÇÈö æóÇáÓøõäøóÉö¡ ÈóÇÈõ ãóÇ íõßúÑóåõ ãöäú ßóËúÑóÉö ÇáÓøõÄóÇáö. .) ãõÓúáöãò 1/539 - 540 (ßöÊóÇÈõ ÕóáóÇÉö ÇáúãõÓóÇÝöÑöíäó¡ ÈóÇÈõ ÇÓúÊöÍúÈóÇÈö ÕóáóÇÉö ÇáäøóÇÝöáóÉö Ýöí ÈóíúÊöåö æóÌóæóÇÒöåóÇ Ýöí ÇáúãóÓúÌöÏö) æóÇáúÍóÏöíËõ Ýöí Óõäóäö ÃóÈöí ÏóÇæõÏó æóÇáÊøöÑúãöÐöíøö æóÇáäøóÓóÇÆöíøö æóÇáúãõæóØøóÃö æóÇáúãõÓúäóÏö æóÓõäóäö ÇáúÈóíúåóÞöíøö
(2) ä: ßóÊóÈó áóåõ
(3) ÓóÈóÞó åóÐóÇ ÇáúÍóÏöíËõ ÞóÈúáó ÕóÝóÍóÇÊò (Õ 307)
(4) ÇáÕøóáóÇÉö: ÓóÇÞöØóÉñ ãöäú (ä) ¡ (Ó)
(5) ÚöÈóÇÑóÉõ " æóÃóãøóÇ ãóÇ ÔõÑöÚóÊú áóåõ ÕóáóÇÉõ ÇáúÌóãóÇÚóÉö " ÓóÇÞöØóÉñ ãöäú (Ó) . æóÝöí (È) : ÃóãøóÇ.(8/309)
ÞóÇáõæÇ: ÝóÞöíóÇãõ (1) ÑóãóÖóÇäó ÅöäøóãóÇ áóãú íóÌúãóÚö ÇáäøóÈöíøõ Õóáøóì Çááøóåõ Úóáóíúåö æóÓóáøóãó ÇáäøóÇÓó Úóáóíúåö ÎóÔúíóÉó Ãóäú íõÝúÊóÑóÖó¡ æóåóÐóÇ ÞóÏú Ãõãöäó ÈöãóæúÊöåö¡ ÝóÕóÇÑó åóÐóÇ ßóÌóãúÚö ÇáúãõÕúÍóÝö æóÛóíúÑöåö.
æóÅöÐóÇ ßóÇäóÊö ÇáúÌóãóÇÚóÉõ ãóÔúÑõæÚóÉð ÝöíåóÇ ÝóÝöÚúáõåóÇ Ýöí ÇáúÌóãóÇÚóÉö ÃóÝúÖóáõ.
æóÃóãøóÇ Þóæúáõ ÚõãóÑó ÑóÖöíó Çááøóåõ Úóäúåõ: " æóÇáøóÊöí ÊóäóÇãõæäó ÚóäúåóÇ ÃóÝúÖóáõ¡ íõÑöíÏõ ÂÎöÑó Çááøóíúáö æóßóÇäó ÇáäøóÇÓõ íóÞõæãõæäó Ãóæøóáóåõ¡ ÝóåóÐóÇ ßóáóÇãñ ÕóÍöíÍñ¡ ÝóÅöäøó ÂÎöÑó Çááøóíúáö ÃóÝúÖóáõ ßóãóÇ Ãóäøó ÕóáóÇÉó ÇáúÚöÔóÇÁö Ýöí Ãóæøóáöåö ÃóÝúÖóáõ¡ æóÇáúæóÞúÊõ ÇáúãóÝúÖõæáõ ÞóÏú íóÎúÊóÕøõ ÇáúÚóãóáõ Ýöíåö ÈöãóÇ íõæÌöÈõ Ãóäú íóßõæäó ÃóÝúÖóáó ãöäúåõ Ýöí ÛóíúÑöåö¡ ßóãóÇ Ãóäøó ÇáúÌóãúÚó Èóíúäó ÇáÕøóáóÇÊóíúäö ÈöÚóÑóÝóÉó æóãõÒúÏóáöÝóÉó ÃóÝúÖóáõ ãöäó ÇáÊøóÝúÑöíÞö ÈöÓóÈóÈò ÃóæúÌóÈó Ðóáößó¡ æóÅöäú ßóÇäó ÇáúÃóÕúáõ Ãóäøó ÇáÕøóáóÇÉó Ýöí æóÞúÊöåóÇ ÇáúÍóÇÖöÑö (2) ÃóÝúÖóáõ¡ æóÇáúÅöÈúÑóÇÏõ ÈöÇáÕøóáóÇÉö Ýöí ÔöÏøóÉö ÇáúÍóÑøö ÃóÝúÖóáõ.
æóÃóãøóÇ íóæúãõ ÇáúÌõãõÚóÉö ÝóÇáÕøóáóÇÉõ ÚóÞöÈó ÇáÒøóæóÇáö ÃóÝúÖóáõ¡ æóáóÇ íõÓúÊóÍóÈøõ ÇáúÅöÈúÑóÇÏõ ÈöÇáúÌõãõÚóÉö áöãóÇ Ýöíåö ãöäó ÇáúãóÔóÞøóÉö Úóáóì ÇáäøóÇÓö¡ æóÊóÃúÎöíÑõ ÇáúÚöÔóÇÁö Åöáóì ËõáõËö Çááøóíúáö ÃóÝúÖóáõ ÅöáøóÇ ÅöÐóÇ ÇÌúÊóãóÚó ÇáäøóÇÓõ æóÔóÞøó Úóáóíúåöãõ ÇáöÇäúÊöÙóÇÑõ¡ ÝóÕóáóÇÊõåóÇ ÞóÈúáó Ðóáößó ÃóÝúÖóáõ¡ æóßóÐóáößó ÇáöÇÌúÊöãóÇÚõ Ýöí ÔóåúÑö ÑóãóÖóÇäó Ýöí ÇáäøöÕúÝö ÇáËøóÇäöí: ÅöÐóÇ ßóÇäó íóÔõÞøõ Úóáóì ÇáäøóÇÓö.
æóÝöí ÇáÓøõäóäö Úóäú ÃõÈóíøö Èúäö ßóÚúÈò Úóäö ÇáäøóÈöíøö Õóáøóì Çááøóåõ Úóáóíúåö æóÓóáøóãó ÞóÇáó:
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(1) ä: ÞöíóÇãõ
(2) ä: ÇáúÎóÇÕøö(8/310)
" «ÕóáóÇÉõ ÇáÑøóÌõáö ãóÚó ÇáÑøóÌõáö ÃóÒúßóì ãöäú ÕóáóÇÊöåö æóÍúÏóåõ¡ æóÕóáóÇÊõåõ ãóÚó ÇáÑøóÌõáóíúäö ÃóÒúßóì ãöäú ÕóáóÇÊöåö ãóÚó ÇáÑøóÌõáö¡ æóãóÇ ßóÇäó ÃóßúËóÑó Ýóåõæó ÃóÍóÈøõ Åöáóì Çááøóåö» " (1) .
æóáöåóÐóÇ ßóÇäó ÇáúÅöãóÇãõ ÃóÍúãóÏõ Ýöí ÅöÍúÏóì ÇáÑøöæóÇíóÊóíúäö íóÓúÊóÍöÈøõ ÅöÐóÇ ÃõÓúÝöÑó ÈöÇáÕøõÈúÍö Ãóäú íõÓúÝóÑó ÈöåóÇ áößóËúÑóÉö ÇáúÌóãúÚö¡ æóÅöäú ßóÇäó ÇáÊøóÛúáöíÓõ ÃóÝúÖóáó.
ÝóÞóÏú ËóÈóÊó ÈöÇáäøóÕøö æóÇáúÅöÌúãóÇÚö Ãóäøó ÇáúæóÞúÊó ÇáúãóÝúÖõæáó ÞóÏú íóÎúÊóÕøõ ÈöãóÇ íóßõæäõ ÇáúÝöÚúáõ Ýöíåö ÃóÍúíóÇäðÇ ÃóÝúÖóáó.
æóÃóãøóÇ ÇáÖøõÍóì ÝóáóíúÓó áöÚõãóÑó ÝöíåóÇ ÇÎúÊöÕóÇÕñ¡ Èóáú ÞóÏú ËóÈóÊó Ýöí ÇáÕøóÍöíÍóíúäö Úóäú ÃóÈöí åõÑóíúÑóÉó ÞóÇáó: " «ÃóæúÕóÇäöí Îóáöíáöí Õóáøóì Çááøóåõ Úóáóíúåö æóÓóáøóãó ÈöÕöíóÇãö ËóáóÇËóÉö ÃóíøóÇãò (2) ãöäú ßõáøö ÔóåúÑò¡ æóÑóßúÚóÊóíö ÇáÖøõÍóì¡ æóÃóäú ÃõæÊöÑó ÞóÈúáó Ãóäú ÃóäóÇãó» " (3) .
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(1) ÇáúÍóÏöíËõ Úóäú ÃõÈóíøö Èúäö ßóÚúÈò ÑóÖöíó Çááøóåõ Úóäúåõ Ýöí Óõäóäö ÃóÈöí ÏóÇæõÏó 1/151 - 152 (ßöÊóÇÈõ ÇáÕøóáóÇÉö ÈóÇÈñ Ýöí ÝóÖúáö ÕóáóÇÉö ÇáúÌóãóÇÚóÉö) æóäóÕøõåõ ÝöíåóÇ: Õóáøóì ÈöäóÇ ÑóÓõæáõ Çááøóåö Õóáøóì Çááøóåõ Úóáóíúåö æóÓóáøóãó íóæúãðÇ ÇáÕøõÈúÍó¡ ÝóÞóÇáó: " ÃóÔóÇåöÏñ ÝõáóÇäñ¿ ÞóÇáõæÇ: áóÇ ÞóÇáó " ÃóÔóÇåöÏñ ÝõáóÇäñ¿ ÞóÇáõæÇ: áóÇ ÞóÇáó: Åöäøó åóÇÊóíúäö ÇáÕøóáóÇÊóíúäö ÃóËúÞóáõ ÇáÕøóáóæóÇÊö Úóáóì ÇáúãõäóÇÝöÞöíäó¡ æóáóæú ÊóÚúáóãõæäó ãóÇ ÝöíåöãóÇ áóÃóÊóíúÊõãõæåõãóÇ æóáóæú ÍóÈúæðÇ Úóáóì ÇáÑøõßóÈö¡ æóÅöäøó ÇáÕøóÝøó ÇáúÃóæøóáó Úóáóì ãöËúáö ÕóÝøö ÇáúãóáóÇÆößóÉö¡ æóáóæú ÚóáöãúÊõãú ãóÇ ÝóÖöíáóÊõåõ áóÇÈúÊóÏóÑúÊõãõæåõ¡ æóÅöäøó ÕóáóÇÉó ÇáÑøóÌõáö ãóÚó ÇáÑøóÌõáö. . ÇáúÍóÏöíËó¡ æóåõæó Ýöí: Óõäóäö ÇáäøóÓóÇÆöíøö 2/104 - 105 (ßöÊóÇÈõ ÇáúÅöãóÇãóÉö¡ ÈóÇÈõ ÇáúÌóãóÇÚóÉö ÅöÐóÇ ßóÇäõæÇ ÇËúäóíúäö) ¡ ÇáúãõÓúäóÏö (Ø. ÇáúÍóáóÈöíøö) 5/140. æóÕóÍøóÍó ÇáúÃóáúÈóÇäöíøõ ÇáúÍóÏöíËó Ýöí " ÕóÍöíÍö ÇáúÌóÇãöÚö ÇáÕøóÛöíÑö " 2/254 - 255
(2) ÃóíøóÇãò: ÓóÇÞöØóÉñ ãöäú (Ó) ¡ (È)
(3) ÇáúÍóÏöíËõ Úóäú ÃóÈöí åõÑóíúÑóÉó ÑóÖöíó Çááøóåõ Úóäúåõ Ýöí: ÇáúÈõÎóÇÑöíøö 3/41 (ßöÊóÇÈõ ÇáÕøóæúãö¡ ÈóÇÈõ ÕöíóÇãö ÃóíøóÇãö ÇáúÈöíÖö. . .) æóÌóÇÁó ãõÎúÊóÕóÑðÇ Ýöíåö 2/57 (ßöÊóÇÈõ ÇáÊøóåóÌøõÏö¡ ÈóÇÈõ ãóÇ ÌóÇÁó Ýöí ÇáÊøóØóæøõÚö ãóËúäóì ãóËúäóì) . æóÌóÇÁó ÇáúÍóÏöíËõ ßóÇãöáðÇ Ýöí: ãõÓúáöãò 1/499 (ßöÊóÇÈõ ÕóáóÇÉö ÇáúãõÓóÇÝöÑöíäó æóÞóÕúÑöåóÇ¡ ÈóÇÈõ ÇÓúÊöÍúÈóÇÈö ÕóáóÇÉö ÇáÖøõÍóì. . . Óõäóäö ÃóÈöí ÏóÇæõÏó 2/89 (ßöÊóÇÈõ ÇáúæöÊúÑö¡ ÈóÇÈñ Ýöí ÇáúæöÊúÑö ÞóÈúáó Çáäøóæúãö) . æóÇáúÍóÏöíËõ Ýöí Óõäóäö ÇáäøóÓóÇÆöíøö æóãõÓúäóÏö ÃóÍúãóÏó(8/311)
æóÝöí ÕóÍöíÍö ãõÓúáöãò Úóäú ÃóÈöí ÇáÏøóÑúÏóÇÁö ãöËúáõ (1) ÍóÏöíËö ÃóÈöí åõÑóíúÑóÉó (2) .
æóÝöí ÕóÍöíÍö ãõÓúáöãò Úóäú ÃóÈöí ÐóÑøò Úóäö ÇáäøóÈöíøö Õóáøóì Çááøóåõ Úóáóíúåö æóÓóáøóãó ÞóÇáó: " «íõÕúÈöÍõ Úóáóì ßõáøö ÓõáóÇãóì ãöäú ÃóÍóÏößõãú ÕóÏóÞóÉñ Ýóßõáøõ ÊóÓúÈöíÍóÉò ÕóÏóÞóÉñ¡ æóßõáøõ ÊóÍúãöíÏóÉò ÕóÏóÞóÉñ¡ æóßõáøõ ÊóåúáöíáóÉò ÕóÏóÞóÉñ¡ æóßõáøõ ÊóßúÈöíÑóÉò ÕóÏóÞóÉñ¡ æóÃóãúÑñ ÈöÇáúãóÚúÑõæÝö ÕóÏóÞóÉñ¡ æóäóåúíñ Úóäö ÇáúãõäúßóÑö ÕóÏóÞóÉñ¡ æóíõÌúÒöÆõ ãöäú Ðóáößó ÑóßúÚóÊóÇäö íóÑúßóÚõåõãóÇ ãöäó ÇáÖøõÍóì» " (3) .
[ÝÕá ÞÇá ÇáÑÇÝÖí ÇáÑÇÈÚ ÚÔÑ Ãä ÚËãÇä ÝÚá ÃãæÑÇ áÇ íÌæÒ ÝÚáåÇ æÇáÑÏ Úáíå]
ÝóÕúáñ
ÞóÇáó ÇáÑøóÇÝöÖöíøõ: (4) " ÇáÑøóÇÈöÚó ÚóÔóÑó: Ãóäøó ÚõËúãóÇäó ÝóÚóáó ÃõãõæÑðÇ áóÇ íóÌõæÒõ ÝöÚúáõåóÇ¡ ÍóÊøóì ÃóäúßóÑó Úóáóíúåö ÇáúãõÓúáöãõæäó ßóÇÝøóÉð¡ æóÇÌúÊóãóÚõæÇ Úóáóì ÞóÊúáöåö ÃóßúËóÑó ãöäö ÇÌúÊöãóÇÚöåöãú Úóáóì ÅöãóÇãóÊöåö æóÅöãóÇãóÉö ÕóÇÍöÈóíúåö ".
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(1) ä¡ Ó: ãöäú¡ æóåõæó ÊóÍúÑöíÝñ
(2) ÇáúÍóÏöíËõ Úóäú ÃóÈöí ÇáÏøóÑúÏóÇÁö ÑóÖöíó Çááøóåõ Úóäúåõ Ýöí: ãõÓúáöãò 499 (ßöÊóÇÈõ ÕóáóÇÉö ÇáúãõÓóÇÝöÑöíäó æóÞóÕúÑöåóÇ¡ ÈóÇÈõ ÇÓúÊöÍúÈóÇÈö ÕóáóÇÉö ÇáÖøõÍóì. .) Óõäóäö ÃóÈöí ÏóÇæõÏó 2/89 (ßöÊóÇÈõ ÇáúæóÊúÑö¡ ÈóÇÈñ Ýöí ÇáúæöÊúÑö ÞóÈúáó Çáäøóæúãö)
(3) ÇáúÍóÏöíËõ - ãóÚó ÇÎúÊöáóÇÝò Ýöí ÇáúÃóáúÝóÇÙö - Úóäú ÃóÈöí ÐóÑøò ÇáúÛöÝóÇÑöíøö ÑóÖöíó Çááøóåõ Úóäúåõ Ýöí: ãõÓúáöãò 1/498 - 499 (ßöÊóÇÈõ ÕóáóÇÉö ÇáúãõÓóÇÝöÑöíäó æóÞóÕúÑöåóÇ¡ ÈóÇÈõ ÇÓúÊöÍúÈóÇÈö ÕóáóÇÉö ÇáÖøõÍóì. . .) ¡ Óõäóäö ÃóÈöí ÏóÇæõÏó 2/36 - 37 (ßöÊóÇÈõ ÇáÊøóØóæøõÚö¡ ÈóÇÈõ ÕóáóÇÉö ÇáÖøõÍóì) : 4/489 - 490 (ßöÊóÇÈõ ÇáúÃóÏóÈö¡ ÈóÇÈñ Ýöí ÅöãóÇØóÉö ÇáúÃóÐóì Úóäö ÇáØøóÑöíÞö) . æóÞóÇáó ÇáúãõÚóáøöÞõ ÑóÍöãóåõ Çááøóåõ: æóÇáÓøõáóÇãóì ÈöÒöäóÉö ÇáúÎõÒóÇãóì - ÃóÑóÇÏó Èöåö åõäóÇ ßõáøó ÚóÙúãò æóãóÝúÕöáò íõÚúÊóãóÏõ Úóáóíúåö Ýöí ÇáúÍóÑóßóÉö æóíóÞóÚõ Èöåö ÇáúÞóÈúÖõ æóÇáúÈóÓúØõ "
(4) Ýöí (ß) Õ 197 (ã)(8/312)
æóÇáúÌóæóÇÈõ ãöäú æõÌõæåò: ÃóÍóÏõåóÇ Ãóäøó åóÐóÇ ãöäú ÃóÙúåóÑö ÇáúßóÐöÈö¡ ÝóÅöäøó ÇáäøóÇÓó ßõáøóåõãú ÈóÇíóÚõæÇ ÚõËúãóÇäó Ýöí ÇáúãóÏöíäóÉö æóÝöí ÌóãöíÚö ÇáúÃóãúÕóÇÑö¡ áóãú íóÎúÊóáöÝú Ýöí ÅöãóÇãóÊöåö (1) ÇËúäóÇäö¡ æóáóÇ ÊóÎóáøóÝó ÚóäúåóÇ ÃóÍóÏñ¡ æóáöåóÐóÇ ÞóÇáó ÇáúÅöãóÇãõ ÃóÍúãóÏõ æóÛóíúÑõåõ: ÅöäøóåóÇ ßóÇäóÊú ÃóæúßóÏó ãöäú ÛóíúÑöåóÇ (2) ÈöÇÊøöÝóÇÞöåöãú ÚóáóíúåóÇ.
æóÃóãøóÇ ÇáøóÐöíäó ÞóÊóáõæåõ ÝóäóÝóÑñ Þóáöíáñ¡ ÞóÇáó ÇÈúäõ ÇáÒøõÈóíúÑö: íóÚöíÈõ ÞóÊóáóÉó ÚõËúãóÇäó: " ÎóÑóÌõæÇ Úóáóíúåö ßóÇááøõÕõæÕö ãöäú æóÑóÇÁö ÇáúÞóÑúíóÉö¡ ÝóÞóÊóáóåõãõ Çááøóåõ ßõáøó ÞöÊúáóÉò¡ æóäóÌóÇ ãóäú äóÌóÇ ãöäúåõãú ÊóÍúÊó ÈõØõæäö ÇáúßóæóÇßöÈö " íóÚúäöí åóÑóÈõæÇ áóíúáðÇ.
æóãóÚúáõæãñ ÈöÇáÊøóæóÇÊõÑö Ãóäøó Ãóåúáó ÇáúÃóãúÕóÇÑö áóãú íóÔúåóÏõæÇ ÞóÊúáóåõ Ýóáóãú íóÞúÊõáúåõ ÈöÞóÏúÑö ãóäú ÈóÇíóÚóåõ¡ æóÃóßúËóÑõ Ãóåúáö ÇáúãóÏöíäóÉö áóãú íóÞúÊõáõæåõ¡ æóáóÇ ÃóÍóÏñ ãöäó ÇáÓøóÇÈöÞöíäó ÇáúÃóæøóáöíäó ÏóÎóáó Ýöí ÞóÊúáöåö ßóãóÇ ÏóÎóáõæÇ Ýöí ÈóíúÚóÊöåö¡ Èóáö ÇáøóÐöíäó ÞóÊóáõæåõ ÃóÞóáøõ ãöäú ÚõÔúÑö ãöÚúÔóÇÑö ãóäú ÈóÇíóÚóåõ¡ ÝóßóíúÝó íõÞóÇáõ Åöäøó ÇÌúÊöãóÇÚóåõãú Úóáóì ÞóÊúáöåö ßóÇäó ÃóßúËóÑó ãöäö ÇÌúÊöãóÇÚöåöãú Úóáóì ÈóíúÚóÊöåö¿ ! áóÇ íóÞõæáõ åóÐóÇ ÅöáøóÇ ãóäú åõæó ãöäú ÃóÌúåóáö ÇáäøóÇÓö ÈöÃóÍúæóÇáöåöãú¡ æóÃóÚúÙóãöåöãú ÊóÚóãøõÏðÇ áöáúßóÐöÈö Úóáóíúåöãú.
ÇáËøóÇäöí: Ãóäú íõÞóÇáó: ÇáøóÐöíäó ÃóäúßóÑõæÇ Úóáóì Úóáöíøò æóÞóÇÊóáõæåõ ÃóßúËóÑõ ÈößóËöíÑò ãöäó ÇáøóÐöíäó ÃóäúßóÑõæÇ Úóáóì ÚõËúãóÇäó æóÞóÊóáõæåõ¡ ÝóÅöäøó ÚóáöíøðÇ ÞóÇÊóáóåõ ÈöÞóÏúÑö ÇáøóÐöíäó ÞóÊóáõæÇ ÚõËúãóÇäó ÃóÖúÚóÇÝðÇ ãõÖóÇÚóÝóÉð æóÞóØóÚóåõ ßóËöíÑñ ãöäú ÚóÓúßóÑöåö: ÎóÑóÌõæÇ Úóáóíúåö æóßóÝøóÑõæåõ¡ æóÞóÇáõæÇ: ÃóäúÊó ÇÑúÊóÏóÏúÊó Úóäö ÇáúÅöÓúáóÇãö¡ áóÇ äóÑúÌöÚõ Åöáóì ØóÇÚóÊößó ÍóÊøóì ÊóÚõæÏó Åöáóì ÇáúÅöÓúáóÇãö.
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(2) Ó: ãöäú ÛóíúÑöåöãú¡ æóåõæó ÊóÍúÑöíÝñ(8/313)
Ëõãøó Åöäøó æóÇÍöÏðÇ ãöäú åóÄõáóÇÁö ÞóÊóáóåõ ÞóÊúáó ãõÓúÊóÍöáøò áöÞóÊúáöåö ãõÊóÞóÑøöÈò Åöáóì Çááøóåö ÈöÞóÊúáöåö ãõÚúÊóÞöÏðÇ Ýöíåö ÃóÞúÈóÍó ãöãøóÇ ÇÚúÊóÞóÏóåõ ÞóÊóáóÉõ ÚõËúãóÇäó Ýöíåö.
ÝóÅöäøó ÇáøóÐöíäó ÎóÑóÌõæÇ Úóáóì ÚõËúãóÇäó áóãú íóßõæäõæÇ ãõÙúåöÑöíäó áößõÝúÑöåö¡ æóÅöäøóãóÇ ßóÇäõæÇ íóÏøóÚõæäó ÇáÙøõáúãó æóÃóãøóÇ ÇáúÎóæóÇÑöÌõ ÝóßóÇäõæÇ (1) íóÌúåóÑõæäó ÈößõÝúÑö Úóáöíøò¡ æóåõãú ÃóßúËóÑõ ãöäó ÇáÓøóÑöíøóÉö ÇáøóÊöí ÞóÏöãóÊö ÇáúãóÏöíäóÉó áöÍöÕóÇÑö ÚõËúãóÇäó ÍóÊøóì ÞõÊöáó.
ÝóÅöäú ßóÇäó åóÐóÇ ÍõÌøóÉð Ýöí ÇáúÞóÏúÍö Ýöí ÚõËúãóÇäó ßóÇäó Ðóáößó ÍõÌøóÉð Ýöí ÇáúÞóÏúÍö Ýöí Úóáöíøò ÈöØóÑöíÞö ÇáúÃóæúáóì¡ æóÇáÊøóÍúÞöíÞõ Ãóäøó ßöáóíúåöãóÇ (2) ÍõÌøóÉñ ÈóÇØöáóÉñ¡ áóßöäøó ÇáúÞóÇÏöÍó Ýöí ÚõËúãóÇäó Èöãóäú ÞóÊóáóåõ ÃóÏúÍóÖõ ÍõÌøóÉð ãöäó ÇáúÞóÇÏöÍö Ýöí Úóáöíøò Èöãóäú ÞóÇÊóáóåõ¡ ÝóÅöäøó ÇáúãõÎóÇáöÝöíäó áöÚóáöíøò ÇáúãõÞóÇÊöáöíäó áóåõ ßóÇäõæÇ ÃóÖúÚóÇÝó ÇáúãõÞóÇÊöáöíäó áöÚõËúãóÇäó¡ Èóáö ÇáøóÐöíäó ÞóÇÊóáõæÇ ÚóáöíøðÇ ßóÇäõæÇ ÃóÝúÖóáó ÈöÇÊøöÝóÇÞö ÇáúãõÓúáöãöíäó ãöäó ÇáøóÐöíäó ÍóÇÕóÑõæÇ ÚõËúãóÇäó æóÞóÊóáõæåõ¡ æóßóÇäó Ýöí ÇáúãõÞóÇÊöáöíäó (3) áöÚóáöíøò Ãóåúáõ ÒõåúÏò æóÚöÈóÇÏóÉò¡ æóáóãú íóßõäú ÞóÊóáóÉõ ÚõËúãóÇäó áóÇ Ýöí ÇáÏøöíóÇäóÉö æóáóÇ Ýöí ÅöÙúåóÇÑö ÊóßúÝöíÑöåö ãöËúáóåõãú¡ æóãóÚó åóÐóÇ ÝóÚóáöíøñ ÎóáöíÝóÉñ ÑóÇÔöÏñ æóÇáøóÐöíäó ÇÓúÊóÍóáøõæÇ Ïóãóåõ ÙóÇáöãõæäó ãõÚúÊóÏõæäó ÝóÚõËúãóÇäõ Ãóæúáóì ÈöÐóáößó ãöäú Úóáöíøò.
ÇáËøóÇáöËõ: Ãóäú íõÞóÇáó: ÞóÏú Úõáöãó ÈöÇáÊøóæóÇÊõÑö Ãóäøó ÇáúãõÓúáöãöíäó ßõáøóåõãõ ÇÊøóÝóÞõæÇ Úóáóì ãõÈóÇíóÚóÉö ÚõËúãóÇäó áóãú íóÊóÎóáøóÝú Úóäú ÈóíúÚóÊöåö ÃóÍóÏñ ãóÚó Ãóäøó ÈóíúÚóÉó ÇáÕøöÏøöíÞö ÊóÎóáøóÝó ÚóäúåóÇ ÓóÚúÏõ Èúäõ ÚõÈóÇÏóÉó¡ æóãóÇÊó æóáóãú íõÈóÇíöÚúåõ æóáóÇ ÈóÇíóÚó ÚõãóÑó¡ æóãóÇÊó Ýöí ÎöáóÇÝóÉö
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(2) ä¡ Ó: ßöáóÇåõãóÇ¡ æóåõæó ÎóØóÃñ
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ÚõãóÑó¡ æóáóãú íóßõäú ÊóÎóáøõÝõ ÓóÚúÏò ÚóäúåóÇ ÞóÇÏöÍðÇ ÝöíåóÇ¡ áöÃóäøó ÓóÚúÏðÇ áóãú íóÞúÏóÍú Ýöí ÇáÕøöÏøöíÞö æóáóÇ Ýöí Ãóäøóåõ ÃóÝúÖóáõ ÇáúãõåóÇÌöÑöíäó¡ Èóáú ßóÇäó åóÐóÇ ãóÚúáõæãðÇ ÚöäúÏóåõãú¡ áóßöäú ØóáóÈó Ãóäú íóßõæäó ãöäó ÇáúÃóäúÕóÇÑö ÃóãöíÑñ.
æóÞóÏú ËóÈóÊó ÈöÇáäøõÕõæÕö ÇáúãõÊóæóÇÊöÑóÉö Úóäö ÇáäøóÈöíøö Õóáøóì Çááøóåõ Úóáóíúåö æóÓóáøóãó Ãóäøóåõ ÞóÇáó: " «ÇáúÃóÆöãøóÉõ ãöäú ÞõÑóíúÔò» " (1) ÝóßóÇäó ãóÇ Ùóäøóåõ ÓóÚúÏñ ÎóØóÃð ãõÎóÇáöÝðÇ áöáäøóÕøö ÇáúãóÚúáõæãö¡ ÝóÚõáöãó Ãóäøó ÊóÎóáøõÝóåõ ÎóØóÃñ ÈöÇáäøóÕøö¡ (2 æóÅöÐóÇ Úõáöãó ÇáúÎóØóÃõ ÈöÇáäøóÕøö 2) (2) áóãú íõÍúÊóÌú Ýöíåö Åöáóì ÇáúÅöÌúãóÇÚö.
æóÃóãøóÇ ÈóíúÚóÉõ ÚõËúãóÇäó Ýóáóãú íóÊóÎóáøóÝú ÚóäúåóÇ ÃóÍóÏñ ãóÚó ßóËúÑóÉö ÇáúãõÓúáöãöíäó æóÇäúÊöÔóÇÑöåöãú ãöäú ÅöÝúÑöíÞöíøóÉó Åöáóì ÎõÑóÇÓóÇäó¡ æóãöäú ÓóæóÇÍöáö ÇáÔøóÇãö Åöáóì ÃóÞúÕóì Çáúíóãóäö¡ æóãóÚó ßóæúäöåöãú ßóÇäõæÇ ÙóÇåöÑöíäó Úóáóì ÚóÏõæøöåöãú ãöäó ÇáúãõÔúÑößöíäó æóÃóåúáö ÇáúßöÊóÇÈö íõÞóÇÊöáõæäóåõãú¡ æóåöíó Ýöí ÒöíóÇÏóÉö ÝóÊúÍò æóÇäúÊöÕóÇÑò¡ æóÏóæóÇãö ÏóæúáóÉò¡ æóÏóæóÇãö ÇáúãõÓúáöãöíäó Úóáóì ãõÈóÇíóÚóÊöåö æóÇáÑøöÖóÇ Úóäúåõ ÓöÊøó Óöäöíäó äöÕúÝó ÎöáóÇÝóÊöåö¡ ãõÚóÙøöãöíäó áóåõ ãóÇÏöÍöíäó áóåõ¡ áóÇ íóÙúåóÑõ ãöäú ÃóÍóÏò ãöäúåõãõ ÇáÊøóßóáøõãõ Ýöíåö ÈöÓõæÁò.
Ëõãøó ÈóÚúÏó åóÐóÇ ÕóÇÑó íóÊóßóáøóãõ Ýöíåö ÈóÚúÖõåõãú¡ æóÌõãúåõæÑõåõãú áóÇ íóÊóßóáøóãõ Ýöíåö ÅöáøóÇ ÈöÎóíúÑò æóßóÇäóÊú ÞóÏú ØóÇáóÊú Úóáóíúåöãú ÅöãóÇÑóÊõåõ¡ ÝóÅöäøóåõ ÈóÞöíó ÇËúäóÊóíú ÚóÔúÑóÉó ÓóäóÉð áóãú ÊóÏõãú ÎöáóÇÝóÉõ ÃóÍóÏò ãöäó ÇáúÃóÑúÈóÚóÉö ãóÇ ÏóÇãóÊú ÎöáóÇÝóÊõåõ¡ ÝóÅöäøó ÎöáóÇÝóÉó ÇáÕøöÏøöíÞö ßóÇäóÊú ÓóäóÊóíúäö æóÈóÚúÖó ÇáËøóÇáöËóÉö¡ æóÎöáóÇÝóÉó ÚõãóÑó ÚóÔúÑó Óöäöíäó æóÈóÚúÖó ÇáúÃõÎúÑóì¡ æóÎöáóÇÝóÉó Úóáöíøò ÃóÑúÈóÚó Óöäöíäó æóÈóÚúÖó ÇáúÎóÇãöÓóÉö¡ æóäóÔóÃó Ýöí ÎöáóÇÝóÊöåö ãóäú ÏóÎóáó Ýöí ÇáúÅöÓúáóÇãö
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(2) (2 - 2) : ÓóÇÞöØñ ãöäú (Ó) (È)(8/315)
ßõÑúåðÇ ÝóßóÇäó ãõäóÇÝöÞðÇ ãöËúáó ÇÈúäö ÓóÈóÃò æóÃóãúËóÇáöåö¡ æóåõãõ ÇáøóÐöíäó ÓóÚóæúÇ Ýöí ÇáúÝöÊúäóÉö ÈöÞóÊúáöåö.
æóÝöí ÇáúãõÄúãöäöíäó ãóäú íóÓúãóÚõ ÇáúãõäóÇÝöÞöíäó ßóãóÇ ÞóÇáó ÊóÚóÇáóì: {áóæú ÎóÑóÌõæÇ Ýöíßõãú ãóÇ ÒóÇÏõæßõãú ÅöáøóÇ ÎóÈóÇáðÇ æóáóÃóæúÖóÚõæÇ ÎöáóÇáóßõãú íóÈúÛõæäóßõãõ ÇáúÝöÊúäóÉó æóÝöíßõãú ÓóãøóÇÚõæäó áóåõãú} [ÓõæÑóÉõ ÇáÊøóæúÈóÉö: 47] Ãóíú: æóÝöíßõãú ãóäú íóÓúãóÚõ (1) ãöäúåõãú ÝóíóÓúÊóÌöíÈõ áóåõãú¡ æóíóÞúÈóáõ ãöäúåõãú áöÃóäøóåõãú íõáóÈøöÓõæäó Úóáóíúåö.
æóåóßóÐóÇ ÝóÚóáó ÃõæáóÆößó ÇáúãõäóÇÝöÞõæäó: áóÈøóÓõæÇ Úóáóì ÈóÚúÖö ãóäú ßóÇäó ÚöäúÏóåõãú íõÍöÈøõ ÚõËúãóÇäó æóíóÈúÛóÖõ ãóäú ßóÇäó íóÈúÛóÖõåõ ÍóÊøóì ÊóÞóÇÚóÏó ÈóÚúÖõ ÇáäøóÇÓö Úóäú äóÕúÑöåö.
æóßóÇäó ÇáøóÐöíäó ÇÌúÊóãóÚõæÇ Úóáóì ÞóÊúáöåö ÚóÇãøóÊõåõãú ãöäú ÃóæúÈóÇÔö ÇáúÞóÈóÇÆöáö ãöãøóäú áóÇ íõÚúÑóÝõ áóåõ Ýöí ÇáúÅöÓúáóÇãö ÐößúÑñ ÈöÎóíúÑò æóáóæúáóÇ ÇáúÝöÊúäóÉõ áóãóÇ ÐõßöÑõæÇ.
æóÃóãøóÇ Úóáöíøñ Ýóãöäú Íöíäö Êóæóáøóì ÊóÎóáøóÝó Úóäú ÈóíúÚóÊöåö ÞóÑöíÈñ ãöäú äöÕúÝö ÇáúãõÓúáöãöíäó ãöäó ÇáÓøóÇÈöÞöíäó ÇáúÃóæøóáöíäó ãöäó ÇáúãõåóÇÌöÑöíäó æóÇáúÃóäúÕóÇÑö æóÛóíúÑöåöãú¡ ãöãøóäú ÞóÚóÏó Úóäúåõ Ýóáóãú íõÞóÇÊöáú ãóÚóåõ¡ æóáóÇ ÞóÇÊóáóåõ ãöËúáõ ÃõÓóÇãóÉó Èúäö ÒóíúÏò æóÇÈúäö ÚõãóÑó æóãõÍóãøóÏö Èúäö ãóÓúáóãóÉó æóãöäúåõãú ãóäú ÞóÇÊóáóåõ (2) .
Ëõãøó ßóËöíÑñ ãöäó ÇáøóÐöíäó ÈóÇíóÚõæåõ ÑóÌóÚõæÇ Úóäúåõ ãöäúåõãú ãóäú ßóÝøóÑóåõ æóÇÓúÊóÍóáøó Ïóãóåõ¡ æóãöäúåõãú ãóäú ÐóåóÈó Åöáóì ãõÚóÇæöíóÉó ßóÚóÞöíáò ÃóÎöíåö æóÃóãúËóÇáöåö.
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æóáóãú ÊóÒóáú ÔöíÚóÉõ ÚõËúãóÇäó ÇáúÞóÇÏöÍöíäó Ýöí Úóáöíøò ÊóÍúÊóÌøõ ÈöåóÐóÇ Úóáóì Ãóäøó ÚóáöíøðÇ áóãú íóßõäú ÎóáöíÝóÉð ÑóÇÔöÏðÇ æóãóÇ ßóÇäóÊú (1) ÍõÌøóÊõåõãú ÃóÚúÙóãó ãöäú ÍõÌøóÉö ÇáÑøóÇÝöÖóÉö¡ ÝóÅöÐóÇ (2) ßóÇäóÊú ÍõÌøóÊõåõãú ÏóÇÍöÖóÉð æóÚóáöíøñ ÞõÊöáó ãóÙúáõæãðÇ ÝóÚõËúãóÇäõ Ãóæúáóì ÈöÐóáößó.
[ÈÇÈ ÇáÝÕá ÇáÓÇÏÓ Ýí ÝÓÎ ÍÌÌåã Úáì ÅãÇãÉ ÃÈí ÈßÑ]
[ÇáÃæá ÇáÅÌãÇÚ æÇáÌæÇÈ ãäÚ ÇáÅÌãÇÚ æÇáÑÏ Úáíå]
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ÞóÇáó ÇáÑøóÇÝöÖöíøõ (3) : ÇáúÝóÕúáõ ÇáÓøóÇÏöÓõ: Ýöí ÝóÓúÎö (4) ÍõÌóÌöåöãú (5) Úóáóì ÅöãóÇãóÉö ÃóÈöí ÈóßúÑò ÇÍúÊóÌøõæÇ ÈöæõÌõæåò: ÇáúÃóæøóáõ: ÇáúÅöÌúãóÇÚõ¡ æóÇáúÌóæóÇÈõ: ãóäúÚõ ÇáúÅöÌúãóÇÚö¡ ÝóÅöäøó ÌóãóÇÚóÉð ãöäú Èóäöí åóÇÔöãò áóãú íõæóÇÝöÞõæÇ Úóáóì Ðóáößó æóÌóãóÇÚóÉð ãöäú ÃóßóÇÈöÑö ÇáÕøóÍóÇÈóÉö ßóÓóáúãóÇäó æóÃóÈöí ÐóÑøò æóÇáúãöÞúÏóÇÏö æóÚóãøóÇÑò æóÍõÐóíúÝóÉó æóÓóÚúÏö Èúäö ÚõÈóÇÏóÉó æóÒóíúÏö Èúäö ÃóÑúÞóãó æóÃõÓóÇãóÉó Èúäö ÒóíúÏò æóÎóÇáöÏö Èúäö ÓóÚöíÏö Èúäö ÇáúÚóÇÕö (6) [æóÇÈúäö ÚóÈøóÇÓò] (7) .
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(1) ä¡ ã¡ Ó: ãóÇ ßóÇäóÊú
(2) Ó¡ È: æóÅöÐóÇ
(3) Ýöí (ß) Õ 197 (ã)
(4) ÝóÓúÎö: ÓóÇÞöØóÉñ ãöäú (Ó) ¡ (È) æóÝöí (ß) : äóÓúÎö
(5) Ó¡ È ÍõÌøóÊöåöãú
(6) ã: ß: æóÎóÇáöÏö Èúäö ÓóÚúÏö Èúäö ÃóÈöí æóÞøóÇÕò¡ æóåõæó ÎóØóÃñ. æóÎóÇáöÏõ Èúäõ ÓóÚöíÏö Èúäö ÇáúÚóÇÕö¡ ÕóÍóÇÈöíøñ ãöäó ÇáÓøóÇÈöÞöíäó Åöáóì ÇáúÅöÓúáóÇãö¡ ÇÎúÊõáöÝó Ýöí íóæúãö ÇÓúÊöÔúåóÇÏöåö ÝóÞöíáó Ýöí: íóæúãö ãóÑúÌö ÇáÕøõÝøóÑö¡ æóÞöíáó: íóæúãó ÃóÌúäóÇÏóíúäö. ÇäúÙõÑú ÊóÑúÌóãóÊóåõ Ýöí: ÇáúÅöÕóÇÈóÉö 1/406¡ ØóÈóÞóÇÊö ÇÈúäö ÓóÚúÏò 4/94 - 100
(7) æóÇÈúäö ÚóÈøóÇÓò Ýöí (ß) ÝóÞóØú(8/317)
ÍóÊøóì Ãóäøó ÃóÈóÇåõ ÃóäúßóÑó Ðóáößó (1) ¡ æóÞóÇáó: ãóäö ÇÓúÊõÎúáöÝó Úóáóì ÇáäøóÇÓö (2) ¿ ÝóÞóÇáõæÇ: ÇÈúäõßó¡ ÝóÞóÇáó: æóãóÇ ÝóÚóáó ÇáúãõÓúÊóÖúÚóÝóÇäö¿ ÅöÔóÇÑóÉñ Åöáóì Úóáöíøò æóÇáúÚóÈøóÇÓö (3) ¡ ÞóÇáõæÇ: ÇÔúÊóÛóáõæÇ ÈöÊóÌúåöíÒö ÑóÓõæáö Çááøóåö Õóáøóì Çááøóåõ Úóáóíúåö æóÓóáøóãó¡ æóÑóÃóæúÇ [Ãóäøó] (4) ÇÈúäóßó ÃóßúÈóÑõ [ÇáÕøóÍóÇÈóÉö ÓöäøðÇ¡ ÝóÞóÇáó: ÃóäóÇ] ÃóßúÈóÑõ (5) ãöäúåõ.
æóÈóäõæ ÍóäöíÝóÉó ßóÇÝøóÉð áóãú íóÍúãöáõæÇ (6) ÇáÒøóßóÇÉó Åöáóíúåö¡ ÍóÊøóì ÓóãøóÇåõãú Ãóåúáó ÇáÑøöÏøóÉö æóÞóÊóáóåõãú æóÓóÈóÇåõãú¡ ÝóÃóäúßóÑó (7) ÚõãóÑõ Úóáóíúåö¡ æóÑóÏøó ÇáÓøóÈóÇíóÇ ÃóíøóÇãó ÎöáóÇÝóÊöåö.
æóÇáúÌóæóÇÈõ: ÈóÚúÏó Ãóäú íõÞóÇáó: ÇáúÍóãúÏõ áöáøóåö ÇáøóÐöí ÃóÙúåóÑó ãöäú ÃóãúÑö åóÄõáóÇÁö ÅöÎúæóÇäö ÇáúãõÑúÊóÏøöíäó ãóÇ ÊóÍóÞøóÞó Èöåö ÚöäúÏó ÇáúÎóÇÕøö æóÇáúÚóÇãøö Ãóäøóåõãú ÅöÎúæóÇäõ ÇáúãõÑúÊóÏøöíäó ÍóÞøðÇ¡ æóßóÔóÝó ÃóÓúÑóÇÑóåõãú æóåóÊóßó ÃóÓúÊóÇÑóåõãú ÈöÃóáúÓöäóÊöåöãú¡ ÝóÅöäøó Çááøóåó áóÇ íóÒóÇáõ íóØøóáöÚõ Úóáóì ÎóÇÆöäóÉò ãöäúåõãú ÊõÈóíøöäõ ÚóÏóÇæóÊóåõãú áöáøóåö æóÑóÓõæáöåö æóáöÎöíóÇÑö ÚöÈóÇÏö Çááøóåö æóÃóæúáöíóÇÆöåö ÇáúãõÊøóÞöíäó¡ {æóãóäú íõÑöÏö Çááøóåõ ÝöÊúäóÊóåõ Ýóáóäú Êóãúáößó áóåõ ãöäó Çááøóåö ÔóíúÆðÇ} .
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(1) Ãóíú Ãóäøó ÃóÈóÇ ÞõÍóÇÝóÉó æóÇáöÏó ÃóÈöí ÈóßúÑò ÃóäúßóÑó Ãóäú íóÓúÊóÎúáöÝó ÇáäøóÇÓõ ÇÈúäóåõ
(2) ß: ãóäö ÇÓúÊóÎúáóÝó ÇáäøóÇÓõ
(3) ß: ÅöÔóÇÑóÉñ Åöáóì Úóáöíøò Úóáóíúåö ÇáÓøóáóÇãõ æóÚóÈøóÇÓò Úóáóíúåö ÇáÓøóáóÇãõ
(4) Ãóäøó: ÓóÇÞöØóÉñ ãöäú (ä) ¡ (Ó) ¡ (È)
(5) ä¡ ã¡ Ó: æóÇÈúäõßó ÃóßúÈóÑõ ãöäúåõ¡ È: ÇÈúäõßó ÃóßúÈóÑõ ÓöäøðÇ. æóÇáúãõËúÈóÊõ ãöäú (ß) æóåõæó ÇáÕøóæóÇÈõ
(6) ä¡ ã¡ Ó¡ È: æóáóãú íóÍúãöáõæÇ¡ æóåõæó ÎóØóÃñ. æóÇáúãõËúÈóÊõ ãöäú (ß)
(7) ß: æóÃóäúßóÑó(8/318)
ÝóäóÞõæáõ: ãóäú ßóÇäó áóåõ ÃóÏúäóì Úöáúãò ÈöÇáÓøöíÑóÉö¡ æóÓóãöÚó ãöËúáó åóÐóÇ ÇáúßóáóÇãö¡ ÌóÒóãó ÈöÃóÍóÏö ÃóãúÑóíúäö: ÅöãøóÇ ÈöÃóäøó ÞóÇÆöáóåõ ãöäú ÃóÌúåóáö ÇáäøóÇÓö ÈöÃóÎúÈóÇÑö ÇáÕøóÍóÇÈóÉö¡ æóÅöãøóÇ Ãóäøóåõ ãöäú ÃóÌúÑóÃö ÇáäøóÇÓö Úóáóì ÇáúßóÐöÈö¡ ÝóÙóäøöí Ãóäøó åóÐóÇ ÇáúãõÕóäøöÝó æóÃóãúËóÇáóåõ ãöäú ÔõíõæÎö ÇáÑøóÇÝöÖóÉö íóäúÞõáõæäó ãóÇ Ýöí ßõÊõÈö ÓóáóÝöåöãú ãöäú ÛóíúÑö ÇÚúÊöÈóÇÑò ãöäúåõãú áöÐóáößó¡ æóáóÇ äóÙóÑò Ýöí ÃóÎúÈóÇÑö (1) ÇáúÅöÓúáóÇãö¡ æóÝöí ÇáúßõÊõÈö ÇáúãõÕóäøóÝóÉö Ýöí Ðóáößó ÍóÊøóì íóÚúÑöÝó ÃóÍúæóÇáó ÇáúÅöÓúáóÇãö ÝóíóÈúÞóì åóÐóÇ æóÃóãúËóÇáõåõ Ýöí ÙõáúãóÉö ÇáúÌóåúáö ÈöÇáúãóäúÞõæáö æóÇáúãóÚúÞõæáö.
æóáóÇ ÑóíúÈó Ãóäøó ÇáúãõÝúÊóÑöíäó áöáúßóÐöÈö (2) ãöäú ÔõíõæÎö ÇáÑøóÇÝöÖóÉö ßóËöíÑõæäó ÌöÏøðÇ (3) æóÛóÇáöÈõ ÇáúÞóæúãö Ðóæõæ åóæðì Ãóæú Ìóåúáò Ýóãóäú ÍóÏøóËóåõãú ÈöãóÇ íõæóÇÝöÞõ åóæóÇåõãú ÕóÏøóÞõæåõ¡ æóáóãú íóÈúÍóËõæÇ Úóäú ÕöÏúÞöåö æóßóÐöÈöåö¡ æóãóäú ÍóÏøóËóåõãú (4) ÈöãóÇ íõÎóÇáöÝõ ÃóåúæóÇÁóåõãú ßóÐøóÈõæåõ¡ æóáóãú íóÈúÍóËõæÇ Úóäú ÕöÏúÞöåö æóßóÐöÈöåö æóáóåõãú äóÕöíÈñ æóÇÝöÑñ ãöäú Þóæúáöåö ÊóÚóÇáóì: {Ýóãóäú ÃóÙúáóãõ ãöãøóäú ßóÐóÈó Úóáóì Çááøóåö æóßóÐøóÈó ÈöÇáÕøöÏúÞö ÅöÐú ÌóÇÁóåõ} [ÓõæÑóÉõ ÇáÒøõãóÑö: 32] ßóãóÇ Ãóäøó Ãóåúáó ÇáúÚöáúãö æóÇáÏøöíäö áóåõãú äóÕöíÈñ æóÇÝöÑñ ãöäú Þóæúáöåö ÊóÚóÇáóì: {æóÇáøóÐöí ÌóÇÁó ÈöÇáÕøöÏúÞö æóÕóÏøóÞó Èöåö ÃõæáóÆößó åõãõ ÇáúãõÊøóÞõæäó} [ÓõæÑóÉõ ÇáÒøõãóÑö: 33] .
æóãöäú ÃóÚúÙóãö ãóÇ Ýöí åóÐóÇ ÇáúßóáóÇãö ãöäó ÇáúÌóåúáö æóÇáÖøóáóÇáö ÌóÚúáõåõ (5) Èóäöí ÍóäöíÝóÉó
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(1) ã: æóáóÇ äóÙóÑõæÇ ÃóÎúÈóÇÑó
(2) ã: ÇáúßóÐöÈó
(3) ã: ßóËöíÑñ ÌöÏøðÇ
(4) Ó¡ È: íõÍóÏøöËõåõãú
(5) ã: ÌóÚúáõ(8/319)
ãöäú Ãóåúáö ÇáúÅöÌúãóÇÚö ; ÝóÅöäøóåõãú áóãøóÇ ÇãúÊóäóÚõæÇ Úóäú ÈóíúÚóÊöåö æóáóãú íóÍúãöáõæÇ (1) Åöáóíúåö ÇáÒøóßóÇÉó ÓóãøóÇåõãú Ãóåúáó ÇáÑøöÏøóÉö¡ æóÞóÊóáóåõãú æóÓóÈóÇåõãú¡ æóÞóÏú ÊóÞóÏøóãó ãöËúáõ åóÐóÇ Ýöí ßóáóÇãöåö.
æóÈóäõæ ÍóäöíÝóÉó ÞóÏú Úóáöãó ÇáúÎóÇÕøõ æóÇáúÚóÇãøõ Ãóäøóåõãú ÂãóäõæÇ ÈöãõÓóíúáöãóÉó ÇáúßóÐøóÇÈö ÇáøóÐöí ÇÏøóÚóì ÇáäøõÈõæøóÉó ÈöÇáúíóãóÇãóÉö¡ æóÇÏøóÚóì Ãóäøóåõ ÔóÑöíßõ ÇáäøóÈöíøö Õóáøóì Çááøóåõ Úóáóíúåö æóÓóáøóãó Ýöí ÇáÑøöÓóÇáóÉö¡ æóÇÏøóÚóì ÇáäøõÈõæøóÉó Ýöí ÂÎöÑö ÍóíóÇÉö ÇáäøóÈöíøö Õóáøóì Çááøóåõ Úóáóíúåö æóÓóáøóãó ÝóÞõÊöáó (2) åõæó æóÇáúÃóÓúæóÏõ ÇáúÚóäúÓöíøõ ÈöÕóäúÚóÇÁö Çáúíóãóäö æóßóÇäó ÇÓúãõåõ ÚóÈúåóáóÉó¡ æóÇÊøóÈóÚó ÇáúÃóÓúæóÏó ÃóíúÖðÇ ÎóáúÞñ ßóËöíÑñ¡ Ëõãøó ÞóÊóáóåõ Çááøóåõ ÈöíóÏö ÝóíúÑõæÒó ÇáÏøóíúáöãöíøö æóãóäú ÃóÚóÇäóåõ Úóáóì Ðóáößó¡ æóßóÇäó ÞóÊúáõåõ Ýöí ÍóíóÇÉö ÇáäøóÈöíøö Õóáøóì Çááøóåõ Úóáóíúåö æóÓóáøóãó æóÃóÎúÈóÑó ÇáäøóÈöíøõ Õóáøóì Çááøóåõ Úóáóíúåö æóÓóáøóãó ÈöÞóÊúáöåö (3) áóíúáóÉó ÞõÊöáó¡ æóÞóÇáó: " «ÞóÊóáóåõ ÑóÌõáñ ÕóÇáöÍñ ãöäú Ãóåúáö (4) ÈóíúÊò ÕóÇáöÍöíäó» " (5) .
æóÇáúÃóÓúæóÏõ ÇÏøóÚóì ÇáöÇÓúÊöÞúáóÇáó ÈöÇáäøõÈõæøóÉö¡ æóáóãú íóÞúÊóÕöÑú Úóáóì ÇáúãõÔóÇÑóßóÉö¡ æóÛóáóÈó Úóáóì Çáúíóãóäö æóÃóÎúÑóÌó ãöäúåóÇ ÚõãøóÇáó ÇáäøóÈöíøö Õóáøóì Çááøóåõ Úóáóíúåö æóÓóáøóãó¡ ÍóÊøóì ÞóÊóáóåõ
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(1) ä¡ ã¡ Ó ÇãúÊóäóÚõæÇ Úóäú ÈóíúÚóÊöåö áóãú íóÍúãöáõæÇ. .
(2) ÝóÞõÊöáó: ÓóÇÞöØóÉñ ãöäú (ä) ¡ (Ó) ¡ (È)
(3) ÈöÞóÊúáöåö: ÓóÇÞöØóÉñ ãöäú (Ó) ¡ (È)
(4) Ãóåúáö: ÓóÇÞöØóÉñ ãöäú (Ó) ¡ (È)
(5) ÐóßóÑó ÇÈúäõ ÚóÈúÏö ÇáúÈóÑøö Ýöí ßöÊóÇÈöåö " ÇáöÇÓúÊöíÚóÇÈö " Úóáóì åóÇãöÔö ÇáúÅöÕóÇÈóÉö 3/202) ÞóÇáó " ÓóíúÝõ (Èúäõ ÚõãóÑó) æóÃóÎúÈóÑóäóÇ ÃóÈõæ ÇáúÞóÇÓöãö ÇáÔøóäóæöíøõ Úóäö ÇáúÚóáóÇÁö Èúäö ÒöíóÇÏò Úóäö ÇÈúäö ÚõãóÑó ÞóÇáó: ÃóÊóì ÇáúÎóÈóÑõ Åöáóì ÑóÓõæáö Çááøóåö Õóáøóì Çááøóåõ Úóáóíúåö æóÂáöåö æóÓóáøóãó ãöäó ÇáÓøóãóÇÁö ÇááøóíúáóÉó ÇáøóÊöí ÞõÊöáó ÝöíåóÇ ÇáúÃóÓúæóÏõ ÇáúßóÐøóÇÈõ ÇáúÚóäúÓöíøõ¡ ÝóÎóÑóÌó áöíõÈóÔøöÑóäóÇ ÝóÞóÇáó: " ÞõÊöáó ÇáúÃóÓúæóÏõ ÇáúÈóÇÑöÍóÉó¡ ÞóÊóáóåõ ÑóÌõáñ ãõÈóÇÑóßñ ãöäú Ãóåúáö ÈóíúÊò ãõÈóÇÑóßöíäó " Þöíáó " æóãóäú ÞóÊóáóåõ íóÇ ÑóÓõæáó Çááøóåö ÞóÇáó: ÝóíúÑõæÒõ ÇáÏøóíúáóãöíøõ "(8/320)
Çááøóåõ¡ æóäóÕóÑó Úóáóíúåö ÇáúãõÓúáöãöíäó (1) ¡ ÈóÚúÏó Ãóäú ÌóÑóÊú ÃõãõæÑñ¡ æóÞóÏú äõÞöáó Ýöí Ðóáößó ãóÇ åõæó ãóÚúÑõæÝñ ÚöäúÏó ÃóÆöãøóÉö ÇáúÚöáúãö.
æóÃóãøóÇ ãõÓóíúáöãóÉõ ÝóÅöäøóåõ ÇÏøóÚóì ÇáúãõÔóÇÑóßóÉó Ýöí ÇáäøõÈõæøóÉö¡ æóÚóÇÔó Åöáóì ÎöáóÇÝóÉö ÃóÈöí ÈóßúÑò.
æóÞóÏú ËóÈóÊó Ýöí ÇáÕøóÍöíÍö Úóäú ÃóÈöí åõÑóíúÑóÉó Úóäö ÇáäøóÈöíøö - Õóáøóì Çááøóåõ Úóáóíúåö æóÓóáøóãó - Ãóäøóåõ ÞóÇáó: " «ÑóÃóíúÊõ Ýöí ãóäóÇãöí ßóÃóäøó Ýöí íóÏöí ÓõæóÇÑóíúäö ãöäú ÐóåóÈò¡ ÝóÃóåóãøóäöí ÔóÃúäõåõãóÇ¡ ÝóÞöíáó áöí: ÇäúÝõÎúåõãóÇ¡ ÝóäóÝóÎúÊõåõãóÇ¡ ÝóØóÇÑóÇ ÝóÃóæøóáúÊõåõãóÇ ÇáúßóÐøóÇÈóíúäö: ÕóÇÍöÈó ÕóäúÚóÇÁó æóÕóÇÍöÈó ÇáúíóãóÇãóÉö» " (2) æóÃóãúÑõ ãõÓóíúáöãóÉó æóÇÏøöÚóÇÄõåõ ÇáäøõÈõæøóÉó æóÇÊøöÈóÇÚõ Èóäöí ÍóäöíÝóÉó áóåõ ÃóÔúåóÑõ æóÃóÙúåóÑõ ãöäú Ãóäú íóÎúÝóì¡ ÅöáøóÇ Úóáóì ãóäú åõæó ãöäú ÃóÈúÚóÏö ÇáäøóÇÓö Úóäö ÇáúãóÚúÑöÝóÉö æóÇáúÚöáúãö.
æóåóÐóÇ ÃóãúÑñ ÞóÏú Úóáöãóåõ ãóäú [íóÚúáóãõåõ ãöäó] ÇáúíóåõæÏö (3) æóÇáäøóÕóÇÑóì¡ ÝóÖúáðÇ Úóäö ÇáúãõÓúáöãöíäó¡ æóÞõÑúÂäõåõ ÇáøóÐöí ÞóÑóÃóåõ ÞóÏú ÍóÝöÙó ÇáäøóÇÓó ãöäúåõ ÓõæóÑðÇ Åöáóì Çáúíóæúãö¡ ãöËúáó Þóæúáöåö: íóÇ ÖöÝúÏóÚõ ÈóäúÊó ÖöÝúÏóÚóíúäö¡ äöÞøöí ßóãú ÊóäöÞøöíäó¡ áóÇ ÇáúãóÇÁó ÊõßóÏøöÑöíäó¡ æóáóÇ ÇáÔøóÇÑöÈó ÊóãúäóÚöíäó¡ ÑóÃúÓõßö Ýöí ÇáúãóÇÁö æóÐóäóÈõßö Ýöí ÇáØøöíäö.
æóãöËúáó Þóæúáöåö: ÇáúÝöíáõ æóãóÇ ÃóÏúÑóÇßó ãóÇ ÇáúÝöíáõ¡ áóåõ Òóáøõæãñ Øóæöíáõ¡ Åöäøó Ðóáößó ãöäú ÎóáúÞö ÑóÈøöäóÇ áóÞóáöíáõ.
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(1) Ó¡ È: ÇáúãõÓúáöãõæäó
(2) ÓóíóÑöÏõ ÇáúÍóÏöíËõ ãõÝóÕøóáðÇ ÈóÚúÏó ÕóÝóÍóÇÊò (Õ 328) ÝóÇäúÙõÑú ßóáóÇãöí Úóáóíúåö åõäóÇßó
(3) ä: ÞóÏú Úóáöãóåõ ãöäó ÇáúíóåõæÏö ; Ó¡ È: ÞóÏú Úóáöãóåõ ÇáúíóåõæÏõ(8/321)
æóãöËúáó Þóæúáöåö: ÅöäøóÇ ÃóÚúØóíúäóÇßó ÇáúÌóãóÇåöÑú¡ ÝóÕóáøö áöÑóÈøößó æóåóÇÌöÑú¡ æóáóÇÊõØöÚú ßõáøó ÓóÇÍöÑò (1) æóßóÇÝöÑú.
æóãöËúáó Þóæúáöåö: æóÇáØøóÇÍöäóÇÊö ØóÍúäðÇ¡ æóÇáúÚóÇÌöäóÇÊö ÚóÌúäðÇ¡ æóÇáúÎóÇÈöÒóÇÊö ÎõÈúÒðÇ¡ ÅöåóÇáóÉð æóÓóãúäðÇ Åöäøó ÇáúÃóÑúÖó ÈóíúäóäóÇ æóÈóíúäó ÞõÑóíúÔò äöÕúÝóíúäö¡ æóáóßöäøó ÞõÑóíúÔðÇ Þóæúãñ áóÇ íóÚúÏöáõæäó. æóÃóãúËóÇáó åóÐóÇ ÇáúåóÐóíóÇäö.
æóáöåóÐóÇ áóãøóÇ ÞóÏöãó æóÝúÏõ Èóäöí ÍóäöíÝóÉó Úóáóì ÃóÈöí ÈóßúÑò ÈóÚúÏó ÞóÊúáö ãõÓóíúáöãóÉó ØóáóÈó ãöäúåõãú ÃóÈõæ ÈóßúÑò Ãóäú íõÓúãöÚõæåõ ÔóíúÆðÇ ãöäú ÞõÑúÂäö ãõÓóíúáöãóÉó¡ ÝóáóãøóÇ ÃóÓúãóÚõæåõ¡ ÞóÇáó áóåõãú: " æóíúÍóßõãú Ãóíúäó íóÐúåóÈõ ÈöÚõÞõæáößõãú¿ Åöäøó åóÐóÇ ßóáóÇãñ áóãú íóÎúÑõÌú ãöäú Åöáøò " Ãóíú ãöäú ÑóÈøò (2) .
æóßóÇäó ãõÓóíúáöãóÉõ ÞóÏú ßóÊóÈó Åöáóì ÇáäøóÈöíøö - Õóáøóì Çááøóåõ Úóáóíúåö æóÓóáøóãó - Ýöí ÍóíóÇÊöåö: " ãöäú ãõÓóíúáöãóÉó ÑóÓõæáö Çááøóåö Åöáóì ãõÍóãøóÏò ÑóÓõæáö Çááøóåö¡ ÃóãøóÇ ÈóÚúÏõ¡ ÝóÅöäøöí ÞóÏú ÃõÔúÑößúÊõ (3) Ýöí ÇáúÃóãúÑö ãóÚóßó " ÝóßóÊóÈó Åöáóíúåö ÇáäøóÈöíøõ - Õóáøóì Çááøóåõ Úóáóíúåö æóÓóáøóãó -: " ãöäú ãõÍóãøóÏò ÑóÓõæáö Çááøóåö Åöáóì ãõÓóíúáöãóÉó ÇáúßóÐøóÇÈö. æóáóãøóÇ ÌóÇÁó ÑóÓõæáõåõ Åöáóì ÇáäøóÈöíøö - Õóáøóì Çááøóåõ Úóáóíúåö æóÓóáøóãó - ÞóÇáó áóåõ: ÃóÊóÔúåóÏõ Ãóäøó ãõÓóíúáöãóÉó ÑóÓõæáõ Çááøóåö¿ ÞóÇáó: äóÚóãú. ÞóÇáó: áóæúáóÇ Ãóäøó ÇáÑøõÓõáó áóÇ ÊõÞúÊóáõ áóÖóÑóÈúÊõ ÚõäõÞóßó¡ Ëõãøó ÈóÚúÏó åóÐóÇ ÃóÙúåóÑó ÃóÍóÏõ ÇáÑøóÓõæáóíúäö ÇáÑøöÏøóÉó
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(1) ä: ÓóÇÝöÑò¡ ã: ãõÓóÇÝöÑò
(2) ÞóÇáó ÇÈúäõ ÇáúÃóËöíÑö Ýöí " ÇáäøöåóÇíóÉö Ýöí ÛóÑöíÈö ÇáúÍóÏöíËö " " æóÝöí ÍóÏöíËö ÇáÕøöÏøöíÞö áóãøóÇ ÚõÑöÖó Úóáóíúåö ßóáóÇãõ ãõÓóíúáöãóÉó ÞóÇáó: " Åöäøó åóÐóÇ áóãú íóÎúÑõÌú ãöäú Åöáøò " Ãóíú ãöäú ÑõÈõæÈöíøóÉò. æóÇáúÅöáøõ ÈöÇáúßóÓúÑö åõæó Çááøóåõ ÊóÚóÇáöí¡ æóÞöíáó: ÇáúÅöáøõ: åõæó ÇáúÃóÕúáõ ÇáúÌóíøöÏõ¡ Ãóíú áóãú íóÌöÆú ãöäó ÇáúÃóÕúáö ÇáøóÐöí ÌóÇÁó ãöäúåõ ÇáúÞõÑúÂäõ. . "
(3) Ó¡ È: ÝóÅöäøöí ßõäúÊõ ÞóÏú ÃõÔúÑößúÊõ(8/322)
ÈöÇáúßõæÝóÉö ÝóÞóÊóáóåõ ÇÈúäõ ãóÓúÚõæÏò¡ æóÐóßøóÑóåõ ÈöÞóæúáö ÇáäøóÈöíøö - Õóáøóì Çááøóåõ Úóáóíúåö æóÓóáøóãó - åóÐóÇ (1) .
æóßóÇäó ãõÓóíúáöãóÉõ ÞóÏú (2) ÞóÏöãó Ýöí æóÝúÏö Èóäöí ÍóäöíÝóÉó Åöáóì ÇáäøóÈöíøö - Õóáøóì Çááøóåõ Úóáóíúåö æóÓóáøóãó - æóÃóÙúåóÑó ÇáúÅöÓúáóÇãó¡ Ëõãøó áóãøóÇ ÑóÌóÚó Åöáóì ÈóáóÏöåö¡ ÞóÇáó áöÞóæúãöåö: Åöäøó ãõÍóãøóÏðÇ ÞóÏú ÃóÔúÑóßóäöí Ýöí ÇáúÃóãúÑö ãóÚóåõ " æóÇÓúÊóÔúåóÏó ÈöÑóÌõáóíúäö (3) : ÃóÍóÏõåõãóÇ ÇáÑøóÍøóÇáõ Èúäõ ÚõäúÝõæóÉó¡ ÝóÔóåöÏó áóåõ ÈöÐóáößó. æóíõÑúæóì Úóäö ÇáäøóÈöíøö - Õóáøóì Çááøóåõ Úóáóíúåö æóÓóáøóãó - «Ãóäøóåõ ÞóÇáó áöËóáóÇËóÉò ÃóÍóÏõåõãú ÃóÈõæ åõÑóíúÑóÉó¡ æóÇáËøóÇäöí: ÇáÑøóÍøóÇáõ åóÐóÇ: " Åöäøó ÃóÍóÏóßõãú ÖöÑúÓõåõ Ýöí ÇáäøóÇÑö ÃóÚúÙóãõ ãöäú ßóÐóÇ æóßóÐóÇ» " ÝóÇÓúÊõÔúåöÏó ÇáËøóÇáöËõ Ýöí ÓóÈöíáö [Çááøóåö] (4) æóÈóÞöíó ÃóÈõæ åõÑóíúÑóÉó ÎóÇÆöÝðÇ ÍóÊøóì ÔóåöÏó åóÐóÇ áöãõÓóíúáöãóÉó ÈöÇáäøõÈõæøóÉö¡ æóÇÊøóÈóÚóåõ ÝóÚóáöãó Ãóäøóåõ åõæó ßóÇäó ÇáúãõÑóÇÏó ÈöÎóÈóÑö ÇáäøóÈöíøö - Õóáøóì Çááøóåõ Úóáóíúåö æóÓóáøóãó - (5) .
æóßóÇäó ãõÄóÐøöäõ ãõÓóíúáöãóÉó íóÞõæáõ: ÃóÔúåóÏõ Ãóäøó ãõÍóãøóÏðÇ æóãõÓóíúáöãóÉó ÑóÓõæáóÇ Çááøóåö.
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(1) ÐóßóÑó åóÐöåö ÇáúÃóÎúÈóÇÑó ÊóÝúÕöíáðÇ ÇÈúäõ ßóËöíÑò Ýöí " ÇáÓøöíÑóÉö ÇáäøóÈóæöíøóÉö " 4/97 - 99. æóÇäúÙõÑú ÃóíúÖðÇ ÓöíÑóÉó ÇÈúäö åöÔóÇãò 4/247 ÅöãúÊóÇÚó ÇáúÃóÓúãóÇÚö¡ Õ 508 - 509 ÒóÇÏó ÇáúÚöãóÇÏö 3/610 - 613
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(3) Ó¡ È: ÑóÌõáóíúäö
(4) áóÝúÙõ ÇáúÌóáóÇáóÉö ÛóíúÑõ ãóæúÌõæÏò Ýöí (ä)
(5) ÞóÇáó ÇÈúäõ ßóËöíÑò Ýöí " ÇáÓøöíÑóÉö ÇáäøóÈóæöíøóÉö " 4/97: " æóÐóßóÑó ÇáÓøõåóíúáöíøõ æóÛóíúÑõåõ Ãóäøó ÇáÑøóÍøóÇáó Èúäó ÚõäúÝõæóÉó - æóÇÓúãõåõ äóåóÇÑõ Èúäõ ÚõäúÝõæóÉó - æóßóÇäó ÞóÏú ÃóÓúáóãó æóÊóÚóáøóãó ÔóíúÆðÇ ãöäó ÇáúÞõÑúÂäö æóÕóÍöÈó ÑóÓõæáó Çááøóåö - Õóáøóì Çááøóåõ Úóáóíúåö æóÓóáøóãó - ãõÏøóÉð. æóÞóÏú ãóÑøó Úóáóíúåö ÑóÓõæáõ Çááøóåö - Õóáøóì Çááøóåõ Úóáóíúåö æóÓóáøóãó - æóåõæó ÌóÇáöÓñ ãóÚó ÃóÈöí åõÑóíúÑóÉó æóÝõÑóÇÊö Èúäö ÍóíøóÇäó¡ ÝóÞóÇáó áóåõãú: " ÃóÍóÏõßõãú ÖöÑúÓõåõ Ýöí ÇáäøóÇÑö ãöËúáõ ÃõÍõÏò " Ýóáóãú íóÒóÇáóÇ ÎóÇÆöÝóíúäö ÍóÊøóì ÇÑúÊóÏøó ÇáÑøóÍøóÇáõ ãóÚó ãõÓóíúáöãóÉó æóÔóåöÏó áóåõ ÒõæÑðÇ Ãóäøó ÑóÓõæáó Çááøóåö - Õóáøóì Çááøóåõ Úóáóíúåö æóÓóáøóãó - ÃóÔúÑóßóåõ Ýöí ÇáúÃóãúÑö ãóÚóåõ æóÃóáúÞóì Åöáóíúåö ÔóíúÆðÇ ãöãøóÇ ßóÇäó íóÍúÝóÙõåõ ãöäó ÇáúÞõÑúÂäö ÝóÇÏøóÚóÇåõ ãõÓóíúáöãóÉõ áöäóÝúÓöåö¡ ÝóÍóÕóáó ÈöÐóáößó ÝöÊúäóÉñ ÚóÙöíãóÉñ áöÈóäöí ÍóäöíÝóÉó¡ æóÞóÏú ÞóÊóáóåõ ÒóíúÏõ Èúäõ ÇáúÎóØøóÇÈö íóæúãó ÇáúíóãóÇãóÉö "(8/323)
æóãöäú ÃóÚúÙóãö ÝóÖóÇÆöáö ÃóÈöí ÈóßúÑò ÚöäúÏó ÇáúÃõãøóÉö - Ãóæøóáöåöãú æóÂÎöÑöåöãú - Ãóäøóåõ ÞóÇÊóáó ÇáúãõÑúÊóÏøöíäóº æóÃóÚúÙóãõ ÇáäøóÇÓö ÑöÏøóÉð ßóÇäó Èóäõæ ÍóäöíÝóÉó¡ æóáóãú íóßõäú ÞöÊóÇáõåõ áóåõãú Úóáóì ãóäúÚö ÇáÒøóßóÇÉö¡ Èóáú ÞóÇÊóáóåõãú Úóáóì Ãóäøóåõãú ÂãóäõæÇ ÈöãõÓóíúáöãóÉó ÇáúßóÐøóÇÈö¡ æóßóÇäõæÇ ÝöíãóÇ íõÞóÇáõ äóÍúæó ãöÇÆóÉö ÃóáúÝò.
æóÇáúÍóäóÝöíøóÉõ Ãõãøõ ãõÍóãøóÏö ÇÈúäö ÇáúÍóäóÝöíøóÉö ÓõÑøöíøóÉõ Úóáöíøò ßóÇäóÊú ãöäú Èóäöí ÍóäöíÝóÉó¡ æóÈöåóÐóÇ ÇÍúÊóÌøó ãóäú ÌóæøóÒó ÓóÈúíó ÇáúãõÑúÊóÏøóÇÊö ÅöÐóÇ ßóÇäó ÇáúãõÑúÊóÏøõæäó ãõÍóÇÑöÈöíäó¡ ÝóÅöÐóÇ ßóÇäõæÇ ãõÓúáöãöíäó ãóÚúÕõæãöíäó¡ ÝóßóíúÝó ÇÓúÊóÌóÇÒó Úóáöíøñ Ãóäú íóÓúÈöíó äöÓóÇÁóåõãú¿ æóíóØóÃó ãöäú Ðóáößó ÇáÓøóÈúíö¿ .
æóÃóãøóÇ ÇáøóÐöíäó ÞóÇÊóáóåõãú Úóáóì ãóäúÚö ÇáÒøóßóÇÉö¡ ÝóÃõæáóÆößó äóÇÓñ ÂÎóÑõæäó¡ æóáóãú íóßõæäõæÇ íõÄóÏøõæäóåóÇ æóÞóÇáõæÇ: áóÇ äõÄóÏøöíåóÇ Åöáóíúßó¡ Èóáö ÇãúÊóäóÚõæÇ ãöäú ÃóÏóÇÆöåóÇ ÈöÇáúßõáøöíøóÉö¡ ÝóÞóÇÊóáóåõãú Úóáóì åóÐóÇ¡ áóãú íõÞóÇÊöáúåõãú áöíõÄóÏøõæåóÇ Åöáóíúåö¡ æóÃóÊúÈóÇÚõ ÇáÕøöÏøöíÞö ßóÃóÍúãóÏó Èúäö ÍóäúÈóáò æóÃóÈöí ÍóäöíÝóÉó æóÛóíúÑöåöãóÇ íóÞõæáõæäó: ÅöÐóÇ ÞóÇáõæÇ: äóÍúäõ äõÄóÏøöíåóÇ (1) æóáóÇ äóÏúÝóÚõåóÇ Åöáóì ÇáúÅöãóÇãö áóãú íóÌõÒú ÞöÊóÇáõåõãú áóÚöáúãöåöãú ÈöÃóäøó ÇáÕøöÏøöíÞó¡ ÅöäøóãóÇ ÞóÇÊóáó ãóäö ÇãúÊóäóÚó Úóäú ÃóÏóÇÆöåóÇ ÌõãúáóÉð áóÇ ãóäú ÞóÇáó: ÃóäóÇ ÃõÄóÏøöíåóÇ ÈöäóÝúÓöí.
æóáóæú ÚóÏøó åóÐóÇ ÇáúãõÝúÊóÑöí ÇáúÑóÇÝöÖöíøõ ãöäó ÇáúãõÊóÎóáøöÝöíäó Úóäú ÈóíúÚóÉö ÃóÈöí ÈóßúÑò ÇáúãóÌõæÓó æóÇáúíóåõæÏó æóÇáäøóÕóÇÑóì¡ áóßóÇäó Ðóáößó ãöäú ÌöäúÓö ÚóÏøöåö áöÈóäöí ÍóäöíÝóÉó¡ Èóáú ßõÝúÑõ Èóäöí ÍóäöíÝóÉó ãöäú ÈóÚúÖö ÇáúæõÌõæåö ßóÇäó ÃóÚúÙóãó ãöäú ßõÝúÑö ÇáúíóåõæÏö æóÇáäøóÕóÇÑóì æóÇáúãóÌõæÓö ; ÝóÅöäøó ÃõæáóÆößó ßõÝøóÇÑñ ãöáøöíøõæäó (2) æóåóÄõáóÇÁö ãõÑúÊóÏøõæäó¡ æóÃõæáóÆößó íõÞöÑøõæäó
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ÈöÇáúÌöÒúíóÉö¡ æóåóÄõáóÇÁö áóÇ íõÞöÑøõæäó ÈöÇáúÌöÒúíóÉö (1) ¡ æóÃõæáóÆößó áóåõãú ßöÊóÇÈñ¡ Ãóæú ÔöÈúåóÉõ ßöÊóÇÈò¡ æóåóÄõáóÇÁö ÇÊøóÈóÚõæÇ ãõÝúÊóÑöíðÇ ßóÐøóÇÈðǺ áóßöäú ßóÇäó ãõÄóÐøöäõåõ íóÞõæáõ: ÃóÔúåóÏõ Ãóäøó ãõÍóãøóÏðÇ æóãõÓóíúáöãóÉó ÑóÓõæáóÇ Çááøóåö¡ æóßóÇäõæÇ íóÌúÚóáõæäó ãõÍóãøóÏðÇ æóãõÓóíúáöãóÉó ÓóæóÇÁð.
æóÃóãúÑõ ãõÓóíúáöãóÉó ãóÔúåõæÑñ Ýöí ÌóãöíÚö ÇáúßõÊõÈö ÇáøóÐöí íõÐúßóÑõ ÝöíåóÇ ãöËúáõ Ðóáößó ãöäú ßõÊõÈö ÇáúÍóÏöíËö æóÇáÊøóÝúÓöíÑö¡ æóÇáúãóÛóÇÒöí æóÇáúÝõÊõæÍö æóÇáúÝöÞúåö æóÇáúÃõÕõæáö æóÇáúßóáóÇãö¡ æóåóÐóÇ ÃóãúÑñ ÞóÏú ÎóáõÕó Åöáóì ÇáúÚóÐóÇÑóì Ýöí ÎõÏõæÑöåöäøó¡ Èóáú ÞóÏú ÃóÝúÑóÏó ÇáúÅöÎúÈóÇÑöíøõæäó áöÞöÊóÇáö Ãóåúáö ÇáÑøöÏøóÉö ßõÊõÈðÇ ÓóãøóæúåóÇ ßõÊõÈó " ÇáÑøöÏøóÉö " æó " ÇáúÝõÊõæÍö " ãöËúáó ßöÊóÇÈö " ÇáÑøöÏøóÉö " áöÓóíúÝö Èúäö ÚõãóÑó (2) æóÇáúæóÇÞöÏóíøö æóÛóíúÑöåöãóÇ¡ íóÐúßõÑõæäó ÝöíåóÇ ãöäú ÊóÝóÇÕöíáö ÃóÎúÈóÇÑö Ãóåúáö ÇáÑøöÏøóÉö æóÞöÊóÇáöåöãú ãóÇ íóÐúßõÑõæäó ßóãóÇ ÞóÏú ÃóæúÑóÏõæÇ ãöËúáó Ðóáößó Ýöí ãóÛóÇÒöí ÑóÓõæáö Çááøóåö - Õóáøóì Çááøóåõ Úóáóíúåö æóÓóáøóãó - æóÝõÊõæÍö ÇáÔøóÇãö.
Ýóãöäú Ðóáößó ãóÇ åõæó ãõÊóæóÇÊöÑñ ÚöäúÏó ÇáúÎóÇÕøóÉö æóÇáúÚóÇãøóÉö æóãöäúåõ ãóÇ äóÞóáóåõ ÇáËøöÞóÇÊõ¡ æóãöäúåõ ÃóÔúíóÇÁõ ãóÞóÇØöíÚõ æóãóÑóÇÓöíáõ íõÍúÊóãóáõ Ãóäú Êóßõæäó ÕöÏúÞðÇ æóßóÐöÈðÇ æóãöäúåõ ãóÇ íõÚúáóãõ Ãóäøóåõ ÖóÚöíÝñ æóßóÐöÈñ.
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(2) Ó¡ È: æóÇáúÝõÊõæÍö ßóÓóíúÝö Èúäö ÚõãóÑó. . æóÊóßóáøóãó ÓóÒúßöíäõ (ã [0 - 9] ¡ Ì [0 - 9] ¡ Õ 102 Úóáóì ßöÊóÇÈö " ÇáÑøöÏøóÉö - áöáúæóÇÞöÏöíøö æóÐóßóÑó Ãóäøó ãöäúåõ ÕóÝóÍóÇÊò ãóÎúØõæØóÉð æóÃóäøó ÚóÈúÏó ÇáÑøóÍúãóäö Èúäó ãõÍóãøóÏö Èúäö ÚóÈúÏö Çááøóåö Èúäö ÍõÈóíúÔò ÇÞúÊóÈóÓó ãöäúåõ Ýöí " ßöÊóÇÈö ÇáúãóÛóÇÒöí " ßóãóÇ ÊõæÌóÏõ ÞöØóÚñ ãöäúåõ Ýöí ßöÊóÇÈö " ÇáúÅöÕóÇÈóÉö " Èóíøóäó ÓöÒúßöíäõ ãóæóÇÖöÚóåóÇ. æóÊóßóáøóãó ÓöÒúßöíäõ ÃóíúÖðÇ Úóáóì ÓóíúÝö Èúäö ÚõãóÑó ÇáÊøóãöíãöíøö ÇáúãõÊóæóÝøóì Ýöí ÚóåúÏö åóÇÑõæäó ÇáÑøóÔöíÏö (ãöäú 170 - 193 åÜ) æóÐóßóÑó ãöäú ßõÊõÈöåö ßöÊóÇÈó " ÇáúÝõÊõæÍö ÇáúßóÈöíÑö æóÇáÑøöÏøóÉö " æóÐóßóÑó ÚóÏóÏðÇ ãöäó ÇáúÚõáóãóÇÁö ÇÞúÊóÈóÓõæÇ ãöäúåõ æóÇÚúÊóãóÏõæÇ ãöËúáó ÇáØøóÈóÑöíøö æóÇÈúäö ÚóÓóÇßöÑó æóíóÇÞõæÊò æóÇÈúäö ÍóÌóÑò. ÇäúÙõÑú ÓöÒúßöíäó (ã 1¡ Ì [0 - 9] ¡ Õ 133 - 134)(8/325)
áóßöäøó ÊóæóÇÊõÑó ÑöÏøóÉö ãõÓóáúíöãóÉó æóÞöÊóÇáö ÇáÕøöÏøöíÞö æóÍóÑúÈöåö [áóåõ] (1) ßóÊóæóÇÊõÑö åöÑóÞúáó æóßöÓúÑóì æóÞóíúÕóÑó æóäóÍúæöåöãú ãöãøóäú ÞóÇÊóáóåõ ÇáÕøöÏøöíÞõ æóÚõãóÑõ æóÚõËúãóÇäõ¡ æóÊóæóÇÊõÑö ßõÝúÑö ãóäú ÞóÇÊóáóåõ ÇáäøóÈöíøõ - Õóáøóì Çááøóåõ Úóáóíúåö æóÓóáøóãó - ãöäó ÇáúíóåõæÏö æóÇáúãõÔúÑößöíäó ãöËúáó ÚõÊúÈóÉó æóÃõÈóíøö Èúäö ÎóáóÝò æóÍõíóíö Èúäö ÃóÎúØóÈó¡ æóÊóæóÇÊõÑö äöÝóÇÞö ÚóÈúÏö Çááøóåö Èúäö ÃõÈóíøö Èúäö Óóáõæáò æóÃóãúËóÇáö Ðóáößó.
Èóáú ÊóæóÇÊõÑõ ÑöÏøóÉö ãõÓóíúáöãóÉó æóÞöÊóÇáö ÇáÕøöÏøöíÞö áóåõ ÃóÙúåóÑõ ÚöäúÏó ÇáäøóÇÓö ãöäú ÞöÊóÇáö ÇáúÌóãóáö æóÕöÝøöíäó¡ æóãöäú ßóæúäö ØóáúÍóÉó æóÇáÒøõÈóíúÑö ÞóÇÊóáóÇ ÚóáöíøðÇ¡ æóãöäú ßóæúäö ÓóÚúÏò æóÛóíúÑöåö ÊóÎóáøóÝõæÇ Úóäú ÈóíúÚóÉö Úóáöíøò.
æóÝöí ÇáÕøóÍöíÍóíúäö Úóäö ÇÈúäö ÚóÈøóÇÓò ÞóÇáó: ÞóÏöãó ãõÓóíúáöãóÉõ ÇáúßóÐøóÇÈõ Úóáóì ÚóåúÏö ÑóÓõæáö Çááøóåö - Õóáøóì Çááøóåõ Úóáóíúåö æóÓóáøóãó - ÇáúãóÏöíäóÉó ÝóÌóÚóáó íóÞõæáõ: Åöäú ÌóÚóáó áöí ãõÍóãøóÏñ ÇáúÃóãúÑó ãöäú ÈóÚúÏöåö ÇÊøóÈóÚúÊõåõ¡ ÝóÞóÏøóãóåóÇ Ýöí ÈóÔóÑò ßóËöíÑò ãóäú Þóæúãöåö¡ ÝóÃóÞúÈóáó Åöáóíúåö ÑóÓõæáõ Çááøóåö - Õóáøóì Çááøóåõ Úóáóíúåö æóÓóáøóãó - æóãóÚóåõ ËóÇÈöÊõ Èúäõ ÞóíúÓö Èúäö ÔóãøóÇÓò¡ æóÝöí íóÏö ÇáäøóÈöíøö - Õóáøóì Çááøóåõ Úóáóíúåö æóÓóáøóãó - ÞöØúÚóÉñ ãöäú ÌóÑöíÏò ÍóÊøóì æóÞóÝó Úóáóì ãõÓóíúáöãóÉó Ýöí ÃóÕúÍóÇÈöåö ÝóÞóÇáó: " «áóæú ÓóÃóáóäöí åóÐöåö ÇáúÞöØúÚóÉó ãóÇ ÃóÚúØóíúÊõßóåóÇ¡ æóáóäú ÊóÚúÏõæó ÃóãúÑó Çááøóåö Ýöíßó¡ æóáóÆöäú ÃóÏúÈóÑúÊó áóíóÚúÞöÑóäøóßó Çááøóåõ¡ æóÅöäøöí áóÃóÑóÇßó ÇáøóÐöí ÃõÑöíÊõ (2) Ýöíßó ãóÇ ÑóÃóíúÊõ¡ æóåóÐóÇ ËóÇÈöÊñ íõÌöíÈõßó Úóäøöí» "¡ Ëõãøó ÇäúÕóÑóÝó Úóäúåõ ÞóÇáó ÇÈúäõ ÚóÈøóÇÓò: ÝóÓóÃóáúÊõ Úóäú Þóæúáö ÇáäøóÈöíøö - Õóáøóì Çááøóåõ Úóáóíúåö æóÓóáøóãó -: " ÃõÑöíÊõ (3) Ýöíßó ãóÇ ÑóÃóíúÊõ "
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(1) áóåõ: ÓóÇÞöØóÉñ ãöäú (ä) ¡ (ã)
(2) ã: ÑöíÊõ ä¡ Ó¡ È: ÑóÃóíúÊõ æóÇáúãõËúÈóÊõ åõæó áóÝúÙõ ÇáúÈõÎóÇÑöíøö æóãõÓúáöãò¡ æóÓóíóÊóßóÑøóÑõ ÈóÚúÏó Þóáöíáò ßóãóÇ ÃóËúÈóÊóåõ åõäóÇ
(3) Úóäúåõ ÒöíóÇÏóÉñ Ýöí (ã)(8/326)
ÝóÃóÎúÈóÑóäöí ÃóÈõæ åõÑóíúÑóÉó Ãóäøó ÇáäøóÈöíøó - Õóáøóì Çááøóåõ Úóáóíúåö æóÓóáøóãó - ÞóÇáó: " «ÈóíúäóÇ ÃóäóÇ äóÇÆöãñ ÑóÃóíúÊõ Ýöí íóÏóíøó ÓõæóÇÑóíúäö ãöäú ÐóåóÈò¡ ÝóÃóåóãøóäöí ÔóÃúäõåõãóÇ¡ ÝóÃõæÍöíó Åöáóíøó (1) Ýöí ÇáúãóäóÇãö Ãóäú ÃóäúÝõÎóåõãóÇ ÝóäóÝóÎúÊõåõãóÇ ÝóØóÇÑóÇ¡ ÝóÃóæøóáúÊõåõãóÇ ßóÐøóÇÈóíúäö íóÎúÑõÌóÇäö ÈóÚúÏöí¡ ÝóßóÇäó ÃóÍóÏõåõãóÇ ÇáúÚóäúÓöíøó ÕóÇÍöÈó ÕóäúÚóÇÁó æóÇáúÂÎóÑõ (2) ãõÓóíúáöãóÉó» " (3) .
æóÃóãøóÇ Þóæúáõ ÇáÑøóÇÝöÖöíøö: " Åöäøó ÚõãóÑó ÃóäúßóÑó ÞöÊóÇáó Ãóåúáö ÇáÑøöÏøóÉö ".
Ýóãöäú ÃóÚúÙóãö ÇáúßóÐöÈö æóÇáöÇÝúÊöÑóÇÁö Úóáóì ÚõãóÑó¡ Èóáö ÇáÕøóÍóÇÈóÉõ ßóÇäõæÇ ãõÊøóÝöÞöíäó Úóáóì ÞöÊóÇáö ãõÓóíúáöãóÉó æóÃóÕúÍóÇÈöåö¡ æóáóßöäú ßóÇäóÊú ØóÇÆöÝóÉñ ÃõÎúÑóì ãõÞöÑøöíäó ÈöÇáúÅöÓúáóÇãö¡ æóÇãúÊóäóÚõæÇ Úóäú ÃóÏóÇÁö ÇáÒøóßóÇÉö ÝóåóÄõáóÇÁö ÍóÕóáó áöÚõãóÑó ÃóæøóáðÇ ÔõÈúåóÉñ Ýöí ÞöÊóÇáöåöãú¡ ÍóÊøóì äóÇÙóÑóåõ ÇáÕøöÏøöíÞõ¡ æóÈóíøóäó áóåõ æõÌõæÈó ÞöÊóÇáöåöãú ÝóÑóÌóÚó Åöáóíúåö¡ æóÇáúÞöÕøóÉõ Ýöí Ðóáößó ãóÔúåõæÑóÉñ.
æóÝöí ÇáÕøóÍöíÍóíúäö Úóäú ÃóÈöí åõÑóíúÑóÉó Ãóäøó ÚõãóÑó ÞóÇáó áöÃóÈöí ÈóßúÑò: ßóíúÝó ÊõÞóÇÊöáõ
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(1) Ó¡ È: ÑóÃóíúÊõ
(2) Ó¡ È ÝóÃóæúÍóì Çááøóåõ Åöáóíøó.
(3) Ó¡ È Ãóíú æóÇáúÃóÎóÑõ(8/327)
ÇáäøóÇÓó æóÞóÏú ÞóÇáó ÑóÓõæáõ Çááøóåö - Õóáøóì Çááøóåõ Úóáóíúåö æóÓóáøóãó -: " «ÃõãöÑúÊõ Ãóäú ÃõÞóÇÊöáó ÇáäøóÇÓó ÍóÊøóì íóÞõæáõæÇ áóÇ Åöáóåó ÅöáøóÇ Çááøóåõ¡ ÝóÅöÐóÇ ÞóÇáõæÇ ÚóÕóãõæÇ ãöäøöí ÏöãóÇÁóåõãú æóÃóãúæóÇáóåõãú ÅöáøóÇ ÈöÍóÞøöåóÇ¡ [æóÍöÓóÇÈõåõãú Úóáóì Çááøóåö» ] (1) "¡ ÞóÇáó ÃóÈõæ ÈóßúÑò: Ãóáóãú íóÞõáú ÅöáøóÇ ÈöÍóÞøöåóÇ¿ º ÝóÅöäøó ÇáÒøóßóÇÉó ãöäú ÍóÞøöåóÇ. æóÇááøóåö áóæú ãóäóÚõæäöí ÚöäóÇÞðÇ ßóÇäõæÇ íõÄóÏøõæäóåóÇ Åöáóì ÑóÓõæáö Çááøóåö - Õóáøóì Çááøóåõ Úóáóíúåö æóÓóáøóãó - áóÞóÇÊóáúÊõåõãú Úóáóì ãóäúÚöåóÇ. ÞóÇáó ÚõãóÑõ: ÝóæóÇááøóåö ãóÇ åõæó ÅöáøóÇ Ãóäú ÑóÃóíúÊõ Çááøóåó ÞóÏú ÔóÑóÍó ÕóÏúÑó ÃóÈöí ÈóßúÑò áöáúÞöÊóÇáö ÝóÚóÑóÝúÊõ Ãóäøóåõ ÇáúÍóÞøõ " (2) .
æóÚõãóÑõ ÇÍúÊóÌøó ÈöãóÇ ÈóáóÛóåõ Ãóæú ÓóãöÚóåõ (3) ãöäó ÇáäøóÈöíøö - Õóáøóì Çááøóåõ Úóáóíúåö æóÓóáøóãó - ÝóÈóíøóäó áóåõ ÇáÕøöÏøöíÞõ Ãóäøó Þóæúáóåõ: " ÈöÍóÞøöåóÇ " íóÊóäóÇæóáõ ÇáÒøóßóÇÉó¡ ÝóÅöäøóåõãóÇ ÍóÞøõ ÇáúãóÇáö.
æóÝöí ÇáÕøóÍöíÍóíúäö Úóäö ÇÈúäö ÚõãóÑó Úóäö ÇáäøóÈöíøö - Õóáøóì Çááøóåõ Úóáóíúåö æóÓóáøóãó - Ãóäøóåõ ÞóÇáó: " «ÃõãöÑúÊõ Ãóäú ÃõÞóÇÊöáó ÇáäøóÇÓó ÍóÊøóì íóÞõæáõæÇ: (4) áóÇ Åöáóåó ÅöáøóÇ Çááøóåõ æóÃóäøöí ÑóÓõæáõ Çááøóåö¡ æóíõÞöíãõæÇ ÇáÕøóáóÇÉó¡ æóíõÄúÊõæÇ ÇáÒøóßóÇÉó¡ ÝóÅöÐóÇ ÝóÚóáõæÇ Ðóáößó ÚóÕóãõæÇ ãöäøöí ÏöãóÇÁóåõãú æóÃóãúæóÇáóåõãú ÅöáøóÇ ÈöÍóÞøöåóÇ» " (5) .
ÝóåóÐóÇ ÇááøóÝúÙõ ÇáËøóÇäöí ÇáøóÐöí ÞóÇáóåõ ÑóÓõæáõ Çááøóåö - Õóáøóì Çááøóåõ Úóáóíúåö æóÓóáøóãó - Èóíøóäó ÝöÞúåó ÃóÈöí ÈóßúÑò¡ æóåõæó ÕóÑöíÍñ Ýöí ÇáúÞöÊóÇáö Úóäú ÃóÏóÇÁö ÇáÒøóßóÇÉö æóåõæó ãõØóÇÈöÞñ áöáúÞõÑúÂäö.
ÞóÇáó ÊóÚóÇáóì: {ÝóÇÞúÊõáõæÇ ÇáúãõÔúÑößöíäó ÍóíúËõ æóÌóÏúÊõãõæåõãú æóÎõÐõæåõãú æóÇÍúÕõÑõæåõãú æóÇÞúÚõÏõæÇ áóåõãú ßõáøó ãóÑúÕóÏò ÝóÅöäú ÊóÇÈõæÇ æóÃóÞóÇãõæÇ ÇáÕøóáóÇÉó æóÂÊóæõÇ ÇáÒøóßóÇÉó ÝóÎóáøõæÇ ÓóÈöíáóåõãú}
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(1) æóÍöÓóÇÈõåõãú Úóáóì Çááøóåö: ÓóÇÞöØóÉñ ãöäú (ä) ¡ (ã)
(2) ÓóÈóÞó åóÐóÇ ÇáúÍóÏöíËõ ÈöåóÐóÇ ÇáÊøóÝúÕöíáö ÝöíãóÇ ãóÖóì
(3) ä¡ ã: æóÓóãöÚó
(4) ã: íóÔúåóÏõæ
(5) ÓóÈóÞó åóÐóÇ ÇáúÍóÏöíËõ ÝöíãóÇ ãóÖóì 1/75 - 76¡ 1/117(8/328)
[ÓõæÑóÉõ ÇáÊøóæúÈóÉö: 5] ÝóÚóáøóÞó ÊóÎúáöíóÉó ÇáÓøóÈöíáö Úóáóì ÇáúÅöíãóÇäö æóÅöÞóÇãö ÇáÕøóáóÇÉö æóÅöíÊóÇÁö ÇáÒøóßóÇÉö.
æóÇáúÃóÎúÈóÇÑõ ÇáúãóäúÞõæáóÉõ Úóäú åóÄõáóÇÁö Ãóäøó ãöäúåõãú ãóäú ßóÇäó ÞóÏú (1) ÞóÈóÖó ÇáÒøóßóÇÉó¡ Ëõãøó ÃóÚóÇÏóåóÇ Åöáóì ÃóÕúÍóÇÈöåóÇ áóãøóÇ ÈóáóÛóåõ ãóæúÊõ ÇáäøóÈöíøö - Õóáøóì Çááøóåõ Úóáóíúåö æóÓóáøóãó -¡ æóãöäúåõãú ãóäú ßóÇäó íóÊóÑóÈøóÕõ¡ Ëõãøó åóÄõáóÇÁö ÇáøóÐöíäó ÞóÇÊóáóåõãõ ÇáÕøöÏøöíÞõ ÚóáóíúåóÇ áóãøóÇ ÞóÇÊóáóåõãú ÕóÇÑóÊö ÇáúÚõãøóÇáõ ÇáøóÐöíäó ßóÇäõæÇ Úóáóì ÇáÕøóÏóÞóÇÊö Òóãóäó ÇáäøóÈöíøö - Õóáøóì Çááøóåõ Úóáóíúåö æóÓóáøóãó - æóÛóíúÑõåõãú íóÞúÈöÖõæäóåóÇ¡ ßóãóÇ ßóÇäõæÇ íóÞúÈöÖõæäóåóÇ Ýöí Òóãóäöåö æóíóÕúÑöÝõæäóåóÇ ßóãóÇ ßóÇäõæÇ íóÕúÑöÝõæäóåóÇ.
«æóßóÊóÈó ÇáÕøöÏøöíÞõ áöãóäú ßóÇäó íóÓúÊóÚúãöáõåõ ßöÊóÇÈðÇ áöáÕøóÏóÞóÉö ÝóÞóÇáó: " ÈöÓúãö Çááøóåö ÇáÑøóÍúãóäö ÇáÑøóÍöíãö¡ åóÐöåö ÝóÑöíÖóÉõ ÇáÕøóÏóÞóÉö ÇáøóÊöí ÝóÑóÖóåóÇ ÑóÓõæáõ Çááøóåö - Õóáøóì Çááøóåõ Úóáóíúåö æóÓóáøóãó -¡ æóÇáøóÊöí ÃóãóÑó ÈöåóÇ» ".
æóÈöåóÐóÇ ÇáúßöÊóÇÈö æóäóÙóÇÆöÑöåö íóÃúÎõÐõ ÚõáóãóÇÁõ ÇáúãõÓúáöãöíäó ßõáøõåõãúº Ýóáóãú íóÃúÎõÐú áöäóÝúÓöåö ãöäúåóÇ ÔóíúÆðÇ æóáóÇ æóáøóì ÃóÍóÏðÇ ãöäú ÃóÞóÇÑöÈöåö¡ áóÇ åõæó æóáóÇ ÚõãóÑõ ÈöÎöáóÇÝö ÚõËúãóÇäó æóÚóáöíøò ÝóÅöäøóåõãóÇ æóáøóíóÇ ÃóÞóÇÑöÈóåõãóÇ.
ÝóÅöäú ÌóÇÒó Ãóäú íóØúÚóäó Ýöí ÇáÕøöÏøöíÞö æóÇáúÝóÇÑõæÞö ÃóäøóåõãóÇ ÞóÇÊóáóÇ áöÃóÎúÐö ÇáúãóÇáö¡ ÝóÇáØøóÚúäõ Ýöí ÛóíúÑöåöãóÇ ÃóæúÌóåõ ÝóÅöÐóÇ æóÌóÈó ÇáÐøóÈøõ Úóäú ÚõËúãóÇäó æóÚóáöíøò¡ Ýóåõæó Úóäú ÃóÈöí ÈóßúÑò æóÚõãóÑó ÃóæúÌóÈõ.
æóÚóáöíøñ íõÞóÇÊöáõ áöíõØóÇÚó æóíóÊóÕóÑøóÝó Ýöí ÇáäøõÝõæÓö æóÇáúÃóãúæóÇáö¡ ÝóßóíúÝó íóÌúÚóáõ åóÐóÇ
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æóÃóãøóÇ ÇáøóÐöíäó ÚóÏøóåõãú åóÐóÇ ÇáÑøóÇÝöÖöíøõ Ãóäøóåõãú ÊóÎóáøóÝõæÇ Úóäú ÈóíúÚóÉö ÇáÕøöÏøöíÞö ãóäú ÃóßóÇÈöÑö ÇáÕøóÍóÇÈóÉö ÝóÐóáößó ßóÐöÈñ Úóáóíúåöãú ÅöáøóÇ Úóáóì ÓóÚúÏö Èúäö ÚõÈóÇÏóÉó¡ ÝóÅöäøó ãõÈóÇíóÚóÉó åóÄõáóÇÁö áöÃóÈöí ÈóßúÑò æóÚõãóÑó ÃóÔúåóÑõ ãöäú Ãóäú ÊõäúßóÑó¡ æóåóÐóÇ ãöãøóÇ ÇÊøóÝóÞó Úóáóíúåö Ãóåúáõ ÇáúÚöáúãö ÈöÇáúÍóÏöíËö æóÇáÓøöíóÑö æóÇáúãóäúÞõæáóÇÊö æóÓóÇÆöÑö ÃóÕúäóÇÝö Ãóåúáö ÇáúÚöáúãö ÎóáóÝðÇ Úóäú ÓóáóÝò.
æóÃõÓóÇãóÉõ Èúäõ ÒóíúÏò ãóÇ ÎóÑóÌó Ýöí ÇáÓøóÑöíøóÉö ÍóÊøóì ÈóÇíóÚóåõ¡ æóáöåóÐóÇ íóÞõæáõ áóåõ: " íóÇ ÎóáöíÝóÉó ÑóÓõæáö Çááøóåö ".
æóßóÐóáößó ÌóãöíÚõ ãóäú ÐóßóÑóåõ ÈóÇíóÚóåõ¡ áóßöäøó ÎóÇáöÏó Èúäó ÓóÚöíÏò ßóÇäó äóÇÆöÈðÇ áöáäøóÈöíøö - Õóáøóì Çááøóåõ Úóáóíúåö æóÓóáøóãó -¡ ÝóáóãøóÇ ãóÇÊó ÇáäøóÈöíøõ - Õóáøóì Çááøóåõ Úóáóíúåö æóÓóáøóãó - ÞóÇáó: " «áóÇ Ãóßõæäõ äóÇÆöÈðÇ áöÛóíúÑöåö» " ÝóÊóÑóßó ÇáúæöáóÇíóÉó¡ æóÅöáøóÇ Ýóåõæó ãöäó ÇáúãõÞöÑøöíäö ÈöÎöáóÇÝóÉö ÇáÕøöÏøöíÞö¡ æóÞóÏú Úõáöãó ÈöÇáÊøóæóÇÊõÑö Ãóäøóåõ áóãú íóÊóÎóáøóÝú Úóäú ÈóíúÚóÊöåö ÅöáøóÇ ÓóÚúÏõ Èúäõ ÚõÈóÇÏóÉó.
æóÃóãøóÇ Úóáöíøñ æóÈóäõæ åóÇÔöãò Ýóßõáøõåõãú ÈóÇíóÚóåõ ÈöÇÊøöÝóÇÞö ÇáäøóÇÓö áóãú íóãõÊú ÃóÍóÏñ ãöäúåõãú ÅöáøóÇ æóåõæó ãõÈóÇíöÚñ áóåõ.
áóßöäú Þöíáó: [Úóáöíøñ] (2) ÊóÃóÎøóÑóÊú ÈóíúÚóÊõåõ ÓöÊøóÉó ÃóÔúåõÑò¡ æóÞöíáó: Èóáú ÈóÇíóÚóåõ ËóÇäöíó íóæúãò¡ æóÈößõáøö ÍóÇáò ÝóÞóÏú ÈóÇíóÚõæåõ ãöäú ÛóíúÑö ÅößúÑóÇåò.
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Ëõãøó ÌóãöíÚõ ÇáäøóÇÓö ÈóÇíóÚõæÇ ÚõãóÑó ÅöáøóÇ ÓóÚúÏðÇ¡ áóãú íóÊóÎóáøóÝú Úóäú ÈóíúÚóÉö ÚõãóÑó ÃóÍóÏñ ÅöáóÇ Èöäõæ åóÇÔöãò æóáóÇ ÛóíúÑõåõãú.
æóÃóãøóÇ ÈóíúÚóÉõ ÚõËúãóÇäó ÝóÇÊøóÝóÞó ÇáäøóÇÓõ ßõáøõåõãú ÚóáóíúåóÇ¡ æóßóÇäó ÓóÚúÏñ ÞóÏú ãóÇÊó Ýöí ÎöáóÇÝóÉö ÚõãóÑó¡ Ýóáóãú íõÏúÑößúåóÇ¡ æóÊóÎóáøõÝõ ÓóÚúÏò ÞóÏú ÚõÑöÝó ÓóÈóÈõåõº ÝóÅöäøóåõ (1) ßóÇäó íóØúáõÈõ Ãóäú íóÕöíÑó ÃóãöíÑðÇ¡ æóíóÌúÚóáó ãöäó ÇáúãõåóÇÌöÑöíäó ÃóãöíÑðÇ æóãöäó ÇáúÃóäúÕóÇÑö ÃóãöíÑðÇ¡ æóãóÇ ØóáóÈóåõ (2) ÓóÚúÏñ áóãú íóßõäú ÓóÇÆöÛðÇ ÈöäóÕøö ÑóÓõæáö Çááøóåö - Õóáøóì Çááøóåõ Úóáóíúåö æóÓóáøóãó - æóÅöÌúãóÇÚö ÇáúãõÓúáöãöíäó.
æóÅöÐóÇ ÙóåóÑó ÎóØóÃõ ÇáúæóÇÍöÏö ÇáúãõÎóÇáöÝö áöáúÅöÌúãóÇÚö¡ ËóÈóÊó Ãóäøó ÇáúÅöÌúãóÇÚó ßóÇäó ÕóæóÇÈðÇ¡ æóÃóäøó Ðóáößó ÇáúæóÇÍöÏó ÇáøóÐöí ÚõÑöÝó ÎóØóÄõåõ ÈöÇáäøóÕøö ÔóÇÐøñ áóÇ íõÚúÊóÏøõ Èöåö¡ ÈöÎöáóÇÝö ÇáúæóÇÍöÏö ÇáøóÐöí íõÙúåöÑõ ÍõÌøóÉð ÔóÑúÚöíøóÉð ãöäö ÇáúßöÊóÇÈö æóÇáÓøóäóÉö¡ ÝóÅöäøó åóÐóÇ íõÓóæøöÛõ ÎöáóÇÝóÉð¡ æóÞóÏú íóßõæäõ ÇáúÍóÞøõ ãóÚóåõ æóíóÑúÌöÚõ Åöáóíúåö ÛóíúÑõåõ.
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æóãóÇ ÐóßóÑóåõ Úóäú ÃóÈöí ÞõÍóÇÝóÉó Ýóãöäó ÇáúßóÐöÈö ÇáúãõÊøóÝóÞö Úóáóíúåö¡ æóáóßöäú ÃóÈõæ ÞõÍóÇÝóÉó ßóÇäó ÈöãóßøóÉó¡ æóßóÇäó ÔóíúÎðÇ ßóÈöíÑðÇ ÃóÓúáóãó ÚóÇãó ÇáúÝóÊúÍö¡ ÃóÊóì Èöåö ÃóÈõæ ÈóßúÑò Åöáóì ÇáäøóÈöíøö - Õóáøóì Çááøóåõ Úóáóíúåö æóÓóáøóãó - æóÑóÃúÓõåõ æóáöÍúíóÊõåõ ãöËúáõ ÇáËøóÛóÇãóÉöº ÝóÞóÇáó ÇáäøóÈöíøõ - Õóáøóì Çááøóåõ Úóáóíúåö æóÓóáøóãó -: " «áóæú ÃóÞúÑóÑúÊó ÇáÔøóíúÎó ãóßóÇäóåõ áóÃóÊóíúäóÇåõ» " (3) ÅößúÑóÇãðÇ áöÃóÈöí ÈóßúÑò. æóáóíúÓó
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Ýöí ÇáÕøóÍóÇÈóÉö ãóäú ÃóÓúáóãó ÃóÈõæåõ æóÃõãøõåõ æóÃóæúáóÇÏõåõ¡ æóÃóÏúÑóßõæÇ ÇáäøóÈöíøó - Õóáøóì Çááøóåõ Úóáóíúåö æóÓóáøóãó - æóÃóÏúÑóßóåõ ÃóíúÖðÇ Èóäõæ ÃóæúáóÇÏöåö: ÅöáøóÇ ÃóÈõæ ÈóßúÑò ãöäú ÌöåóÉö ÇáÑøöÌóÇáö æóÇáäøöÓóÇÁö. ÝóãõÍóãøóÏõ Èúäõ ÚóÈúÏö ÇáÑøóÍúãóäö Èúäö ÃóÈöí ÈóßúÑö Èúäö ÃóÈöí ÞõÍóÇÝóÉó åóÄõáóÇÁö ÇáúÃóÑúÈóÚóÉõ ßóÇäõæÇ Ýöí Òóãóäö ÇáäøóÈöíøö - Õóáøóì Çááøóåõ Úóáóíúåö æóÓóáøóãó - ãõÄúãöäöíäó¡ æóÚóÈúÏõ Çááøóåö Èúäõ ÇáÒøõÈóíúÑö Èúäö ÃóÓúãóÇÁó ÈöäúÊö ÃóÈöí ÈóßúÑò ßõáøõåõãú ÃóíúÖðÇ ÂãóäõæÇ ÈöÇáäøóÈöíøö - Õóáøóì Çááøóåõ Úóáóíúåö æóÓóáøóãó - æóÕóÍöÈõæåõ æóÃõãøõ ÃóÈöí ÈóßúÑò Ãõãøõ ÇáúÎóíúÑö (1) ÂãóäóÊú ÈöÇáäøóÈöíøö - Õóáøóì Çááøóåõ Úóáóíúåö æóÓóáøóãó - Ýóåõãú Ãóåúáõ ÈóíúÊö ÅöíãóÇäò áóíúÓó Ýöíåöãú ãõäóÇÝöÞñ¡ æóáóÇ íõÚúÑóÝõ Ýöí ÇáÕøóÍóÇÈóÉö ãöËúáõ åóÐóÇ áöÛóíúÑö ÈóíúÊö ÃóÈöí ÈóßúÑò.
æóßóÇäó íõÞóÇáõ: áöáúÅöíãóÇäö ÈõíõæÊñ æóáöáäøöÝóÇÞö ÈõíõæÊñ ÝóÈóíúÊõ ÃóÈöí ÈóßúÑò ãöäú ÈõíõæÊö ÇáúÅöíãóÇäö ãöäó ÇáúãõåóÇÌöÑöíäó¡ æóÈóäõæ ÇáäøóÌøóÇÑö ãöäú ÈõíõæÊö ÇáúÅöíãóÇäö ãöäó ÇáúÃóäúÕóÇÑö (2) .
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ÞóÇáó ÃóÈõæ ÚõãóÑó Èúäõ ÚóÈúÏö ÇáúÈóÑøö (3) : " áóÇ íóÎúÊóáöÝõæäó Ãóäøóåõ: íóÚúäöí ÃóÈóÇ ÈóßúÑò - ãóÇÊó æóÓöäøõåõ ËóáóÇËñ æóÓöÊøõæäó ÓóäóÉð¡ æóÃóäøóåõ ÇÓúÊóæúÝóì Óöäøó ÇáäøóÈöíøö - Õóáøóì Çááøóåõ Úóáóíúåö æóÓóáøóãó - ÅöáøóÇ ãóÇ áóÇ íóÕöÍøõ¡ áóßöäøó ÇáúãóÃúËõæÑó Úóäú ÃóÈöí ÞõÍóÇÝóÉó Ãóäøóåõ áóãøóÇ ÊõæõÝøöíó ÇáäøóÈöíøõ - Õóáøóì Çááøóåõ Úóáóíúåö
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ÃóÍóÏõåóÇ: Ãóäøó åóÄõáóÇÁö ÇáøóÐöíäó ÐóßóÑóåõãú áóãú íóÊóÎóáøóÝú ãöäúåõãú ÅöáøóÇ ÓóÚúÏõ Èúäõ ÚõÈóÇÏóÉó¡ æóÅöáøóÇ ÝóÇáúÈóÞöíøóÉõ ßõáøõåõãú ÈóÇíóÚõæåõ ÈöÇÊøöÝóÇÞö Ãóåúáö ÇáäøóÞúáö¡ æóØóÇÆöÝóÉñ ãöäú Èóäöí åóÇÔöãò ÞóÏú Þöíáó: ÅöäøóåóÇ ÊóÎóáøóÝóÊú Úóäú ãõÈóÇíóÚóÊöåö ÃóæøóáðÇ¡ Ëõãøó ÈóÇíóÚóÊúåõ ÈóÚúÏó ÓöÊøóÉö ÃóÔúåõÑò ãöäú ÛóíúÑö ÑóåúÈóÉò æóáóÇ ÑóÛúÈóÉò.
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æóßóÇäó áöÚóáöíøò æóÌúåñ ãöäó ÇáäøóÇÓö ÍóíóÇÉó ÝóÇØöãóÉó¡ ÝóáóãøóÇ ãóÇÊóÊö ÇÓúÊóäúßóÑó Úóáöíøñ æõÌõæåó ÇáäøóÇÓö ÝóÇáúÊóãóÓó ãõÕóÇáóÍóÉó ÃóÈöí ÈóßúÑò æóãõÈóÇíóÚóÊóåõ¡ æóáóãú íóßõäú ÈóÇíóÚó Êöáúßó ÇáúÃóÔúåõÑó ÝóÃóÑúÓóáó Åöáóì ÃóÈöí ÈóßúÑò Ãóäö ÇÆúÊöäóÇ¡ æóáóÇ íóÃúÊöäóÇ ãóÚóßó ÃóÍóÏñ ßóÑóÇåóÉó ãóÍúÖóÑö ÚõãóÑó¡ ÝóÞóÇáó ÚõãóÑõ áöÃóÈöí ÈóßúÑò: æóÇááøóåö áóÇ ÊóÏúÎõáõ Úóáóíúåöãú æóÍúÏóßó¡ ÝóÞóÇáó ÃóÈõæ ÈóßúÑò: ãóÇ ÚóÓóÇåõãú Ãóäú íóÝúÚóáõæÇ Èöí¿ æóÇááøóåö áóÂÊöíóäøóåõãú ÝóÏóÎóáó Úóáóíúåöãú ÃóÈõæ ÈóßúÑò ÝóÊóÔóåøóÏó Úóáöíøñ¡ Ëõãøó ÞóÇáó: ÅöäøóÇ ÞóÏú ÚóÑóÝúäóÇ ÝóÖöíáóÊóßó íóÇ ÃóÈóÇ ÈóßúÑò æóãóÇ ÃóÚúØóÇßó Çááøóåõ æóáóãú äõäóÝøöÓú Úóáóíúßó ÎóíúÑðÇ ÓóÇÞóåõ Çááøóåõ Åöáóíúßó ÇÓúÊóÈúÏóÏúÊó ÈöÇáúÃóãúÑö ÚóáóíúäóÇ æóßõäøóÇ äóÑóì Ãóäøó áóäóÇ Ýöíåö ÍóÞøðÇ áöÞóÑóÇÈóÊöäóÇ ãöäú ÑóÓõæáö Çááøóåö - Õóáøóì Çááøóåõ Úóáóíúåö æóÓóáøóãó -¡ Ýóáóãú íóÒóáú íõßóáøöãõ ÃóÈóÇ ÈóßúÑò ÍóÊøóì ÝóÇÖóÊú ÚóíúäóÇ ÃóÈöí ÈóßúÑòº ÝóáóãøóÇ Êóßóáøóãó ÃóÈõæ ÈóßúÑò ÞóÇáó: æóÇáøóÐöí äóÝúÓöí ÈöíóÏöåö áóÞóÑóÇÈóÉõ ÑóÓõæáö Çááøóåö - Õóáøóì Çááøóåõ Úóáóíúåö æóÓóáøóãó - ÃóÍóÈøõ Åöáóíøó Ãóäú ÃóÕöáó ãöäú ÞóÑóÇÈóÊöí¡ æóÃóãøóÇ ÇáøóÐöí ÔóÌóÑó Èóíúäöí æóÈóíúäóßõãú ãöäú åóÐöåö ÇáúÃóãúæóÇáö (1) ÝóÅöäøöí áóãú Âáõ ÝöíåóÇ Úóäö ÇáúÍóÞøö¡ æóáóãú ÃóÊúÑõßú ÃóãúÑðÇ ÑóÃóíúÊõ ÑóÓõæáó Çááøóåö - Õóáøóì Çááøóåõ Úóáóíúåö æóÓóáøóãó - íóÕúäóÚõåõ ÝöíåóÇ ÅöáøóÇ ÕóäóÚúÊõåõ¡ ÝóÞóÇáó: Úóáöíøñ
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áöÃóÈöí ÈóßúÑò: ãóæúÚöÏõßó ÇáúÚóÔöíøóÉó áöáúÈóíúÚóÉö¡ ÝóáóãøóÇ Õóáøóì ÃóÈõæ ÈóßúÑò ÇáÙøõåúÑó ÑóÞóì Úóáóì ÇáúãöäúÈóÑö æóÊóÔóåøóÏó æóÐóßóÑó ÔóÃúäó Úóáöíøò æóÊóÎóáøõÝóåõ Úóäö ÇáúÈóíúÚóÉö¡ æóÚõÐúÑóåõ ÇáøóÐöí ÇÚúÊóÐóÑó Èöåö¡ Ëõãøó ÇÓúÊóÛúÝóÑó æóÊóÔóåøóÏó Úóáöíøñ ÝóÚóÙøóãó ÍóÞøó ÃóÈöí ÈóßúÑò¡ æóÃóäøóåõ áóãú íóÍúãöáúåõ Úóáóì ÇáøóÐöí ÕóäóÚó äóÝóÇÓóÉñ Úóáóì ÃóÈöí ÈóßúÑò æóáóÇ ÅöäúßóÇÑñ áöáøóÐöí ÝóÖøóáóåõ Çááøóåõ Èöåö¡ æóáóßöäøóÇ ßõäøóÇ äóÑóì Ãóäøó áóäóÇ Ýöí ÇáúÃóãúÑö äóÕöíÈðÇ ÝóÇÓúÊóÈóÏøó ÚóáóíúäóÇ Èöåö¡ ÝóæóÌóÏúäóÇ Ýöí ÃóäúÝõÓöäóǺ ÝóÓõÑøó ÈöÐóáößó ÇáúãõÓúáöãõæäó¡ æóÞóÇáõæÇ: ÃóÕóÈúÊó æóßóÇäó ÇáúãõÓúáöãõæäó Åöáóì Úóáöíøò ÞóÑöíÈðÇ Íöíäó ÑóÇÌóÚó ÇáúÃóãúÑó ÈöÇáúãóÚúÑõæÝö.
æóáóÇ ÑóíúÈó Ãóäøó ÇáúÅöÌúãóÇÚó ÇáúãõÚúÊóÈóÑó Ýöí ÇáúÅöãóÇãóÉö áóÇ íóÖõÑøõ Ýöíåö ÊóÎóáøõÝõ ÇáúæóÇÍöÏö æóÇáöÇËúäóíúäö æóÇáØøóÇÆöÝóÉö ÇáúÞóáöíáóÉö ÝóÅöäøóåõ áóæö ÇÚúÊõÈöÑó Ðóáößó áóãú íóßóÏú íóäúÚóÞöÏõ ÅöÌúãóÇÚñ Úóáóì ÅöãóÇãóÉòº ÝóÅöäøó ÇáúÅöãóÇãóÉó ÃóãúÑñ ãõÚóíøóäñ ÝóÞóÏú íóÊóÎóáøóÝõ ÇáÑøóÌõáõ áöåóæðì áóÇ íõÚúáóãõ ßóÊóÎóáøõÝö ÓóÚúÏò ÝóÅöäøóåõ ßóÇäó ÞóÏö ÇÓúÊóÔúÑóÝó Åöáóì Ãóäú íóßõæäó åõæó ÃóãöíÑðÇ ãöäú ÌöåóÉö ÇáúÃóäúÕóÇÑö¡ Ýóáóãú íóÍúÕõáú áóåõ Ðóáößó¡ ÝóÈóÞöíó (1) Ýöí äóÝúÓöåö ÈóÞöíøóÉõ åóæðì.
æóãóäú ÊóÑóßó ÇáÔøóíúÁó áöåóæðì¡ áóãú íõÄóËøöÑú ÊóÑúßõåõ ÈöÎöáóÇÝö ÇáúÅöÌúãóÇÚö Úóáóì ÇáúÃóÍúßóÇãö ÇáúÚóÇãøóÉö ßóÇáúÅöíÌóÇÈö æóÇáÊøóÍúÑöíãö æóÇáúÅöÈóÇÍóÉöº ÝóÅöäøó åóÐóÇ áóæú ÎóÇáóÝó Ýöíåö ÇáúæóÇÍöÏõ¡ Ãóæú ÇáöÇËúäóÇäö Ýóåóáú íõÚúÊóÏøõ ÈöÎöáóÇÝöåöãóÇ¿ Ýöíåö ÞóæúáóÇäö áöáúÚõáóãóÇÁö. æóÐõßöÑó Úóäú ÃóÍúãóÏó Ýöí Ðóáößó ÑöæóÇíóÊóÇäö: ÅöÍúÏóÇåõãóÇ: áóÇ íõÚúÊóÏøõ ÈöÎöáóÇÝö ÇáúæóÇÍöÏö æóÇáöÇËúäóíúäö¡ æóåõæó Þóæúáõ ØóÇÆöÝóÉò ßóãõÍóãøóÏö Èúäö ÌóÑöíÑò ÇáØøóÈóÑöíøö¡ æóÇáËøóÇäöí: íõÚúÊóÏøõ ÈöÎöáóÇÝö ÇáúæóÇÍöÏö æóÇáöÇËúäóíúäö Ýöí ÇáúÃóÍúßóÇãö æóåõæó Þóæúáõ ÇáúÃóßúËóÑöíäó¡ æóÇáúÝóÑúÞõ Èóíúäóåõ æóÈóíúäó ÇáúÅöãóÇãóÉö Ãóäøó ÇáúÍõßúãó ÃóãúÑñ ÚóÇãøñ íóÊóäóÇæóáõ åóÐóÇ æóåóÐóÇ¡ ÝóÅöäøó ÇáúÞóÇÆöáó ÈöæõÌõæÈö ÇáÔøóíúÁö íõæÌöÈõåõ Úóáóì
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äóÝúÓöåö æóÚóáóì ÛóíúÑöåö æóÇáúÞóÇÆöáõ ÈöÊóÍúÑöíãöåö íõÍóÑøöãõåõ Úóáóì äóÝúÓöåö æóÚóáóì ÛóíúÑöåö¡ ÝóÇáúãõäóÇÒöÚõ Ýöíåö áóíúÓó ãõÊøóåóãðǺ æóáöåóÐóÇ ÊõÞúÈóáõ ÑöæóÇíóÉõ ÇáÑøóÌõáö áöáúÍóÏöíËö Úóäö ÇáäøóÈöíøö - Õóáøóì Çááøóåõ Úóáóíúåö æóÓóáøóãó - Ýöí ÇáúÞöÕøóÉö æóÅöäú ßóÇäó ÎóÕúãðÇ ÝöíåóǺ áöÃóäøó ÇáúÍóÏöíËó ÚóÇãøñ íóÊóäóÇæóáõåóÇ æóíóÊóäóÇæóáõ ÛóíúÑóåóÇ¡ æóÅöäú ßóÇäó ÇáúãõÍóÏøöËõ Çáúíóæúãó ãóÍúßõæãðÇ áóåõ ÈöÇáúÍóÏöíËö ÝóÛóÏðÇ íóßõæäõ ãóÍúßõæãðÇ Úóáóíúåö ÈöÎöáóÇÝö ÔóåóÇÏóÊöåö áöäóÝúÓöåö ÝóÅöäøóåóÇ áóÇ ÊõÞúÈóáõ ; áöÃóäøóåõ ÎóÕúãñ¡ æóÇáúÎóÕúãõ áóÇ íóßõæäõ ÔóÇåöÏðÇ.
ÝóÇáúÅöÌúãóÇÚõ Úóáóì ÅöãóÇãóÉö ÇáúãõÚóíøóäö áóíúÓó ÍõßúãðÇ Úóáóì ÃóãúÑò ÚóÇãøò ßõáøöíøò¡ ßóÇáúÃóÍúßóÇãö Úóáóì ÃóãúÑò ÎóÇÕøò ãõÚóíøóäò.
æóÃóíúÖðÇ ÝóÇáúæóÇÍöÏõ ÅöÐóÇ ÎóÇáóÝó ÇáäøóÕøó ÇáúãóÚúáõæãó¡ ßóÇäó ÎöáóÇÝõåõ ÔóÇÐøðÇ ßóÎöáóÇÝö ÓóÚöíÏö Èúäö ÇáúãõÓóíøóÈö Ýöí Ãóäøó ÇáúãõØóáøóÞóÉó ËóáóÇËðÇ ÅöÐóÇ äóßóÍóÊú ÒóæúÌðÇ ÛóíúÑóåõ ÃõÈöíÍóÊú áöáúÃóæøóáö ÈöãõÌóÑøóÏö ÇáúÚóÞúÏö¡ ÝóÅöäøó åóÐóÇ áóãøóÇ ÌóÇÁóÊö ÇáÓøóäóÉõ ÇáÕøóÍöíÍóÉõ ÈöÎöáóÇÝöåö áóãú íõÚúÊóÏøó Èöåö.
æóÓóÚúÏñ ßóÇäó ãõÑóÇÏõåõ Ãóäú íõæóáøõæÇ ÑóÌõáðÇ ãöäó ÇáúÃóäúÕóÇÑö¡ æóÞóÏú ÏóáøóÊö ÇáäøõÕõæÕõ ÇáúßóËöíÑóÉõ Úóäö ÇáäøóÈöíøö - Õóáøóì Çááøóåõ Úóáóíúåö æóÓóáøóãó - «Ãóäøó ÇáúÅöãóÇãó ãöäú ÞõÑóíúÔò» Ýóáóæú ßóÇäó ÇáúãõÎóÇáöÝõ ÞõÑóÔöíøðÇ æóÇÓúÊóÞóÑøó ÎöáóÇÝõåõ áóßóÇäó ÔõÈúåóÉð¡ Èóáú Úóáöíøñ ßóÇäó ãöäú ÞõÑóíúÔò¡ æóÞóÏú ÊóæóÇÊóÑó Ãóäøóåõ ÈóÇíóÚó ÇáÕøöÏøöíÞó ØóÇÆöÚðÇ ãõÎúÊóÇÑðÇ.
ÇáËøóÇäöí: Ãóäøóåõ áóæú ÝóÑóÖó ÎöáóÇÝó åóÄõáóÇÁö ÇáøóÐöíäó ÐóßóÑóåõãú æóÈöÞóÏúÑöåöãú ãóÑøóÊóíúäö áóãú íóÞúÏóÍú Ðóáößó Ýöí ËõÈõæÊö ÇáúÎöáóÇÝóÉö¡ ÝóÅöäøóåõ áóÇ íõÔúÊóÑóØõ Ýöí ÇáúÎöáóÇÝóÉö ÅöáøóÇ ÇÊøöÝóÇÞõ Ãóåúáö ÇáÔøóæúßóÉö æóÇáúÌõãúåõæÑö ÇáøóÐöíäó íõÞóÇãõ Èöåöãõ ÇáúÃóãúÑõ ÈöÍóíúËõ íõãúßöäõ Ãóäú íõÞóÇãó Èöåöãú ãóÞóÇÕöÏõ ÇáúÅöãóÇãóÉö.(8/336)
æóáöåóÐóÇ ÞóÇáó ÇáäøóÈöíøõ - Õóáøóì Çááøóåõ Úóáóíúåö æóÓóáøóãó -: " «Úóáóíúßõãú ÈöÇáúÌóãóÇÚóÉö¡ ÝóÅöäøó íóÏó Çááøóåö ãóÚó (1) ÇáúÌóãóÇÚóÉö» " (2) .
æóÞóÇáó: " «Åöäøó ÇáÔøóíúØóÇäó ãóÚó ÇáúæóÇÍöÏö æóåõæó ãöäú ÇáöÇËúäóíúäö (3) ÃóÈúÚóÏõ» " (4) ".
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(1) ä¡ Ó¡ È: Úóáóì
(2) áóãú ÃóÌöÏö ÇáúÍóÏöíËó ÈöåóÐóÇ ÇááøóÝúÙö¡ æóáóßöäú ÌóÇÁó ÇáúÍóÏöíËõ Úóäö ÇÈúäö ÚóÈøóÇÓò - ÑóÖöíó Çááøóåõ ÚóäúåõãóÇ - Ýöí: Óõäóäö ÇáÊøöÑúãöÐöíøö 3/316 (ßöÊóÇÈõ ÇáúÝöÊóäö¡ ÈóÇÈñ Ýöí áõÒõæãö ÇáúÌóãóÇÚóÉö) æóáóÝúÙõåõ: " íóÏõ Çááøóåö ãóÚó ÇáúÌóãóÇÚóÉö " ÞóÇáó ÇáÊøöÑúãöÐöíøõ: " åóÐóÇ ÍóÏöíËñ ÛóÑöíÈñ áóÇ äóÚúÑöÝõåõ ãöäú ÍóÏöíËö ÇÈúäö ÚóÈøóÇÓò ÅöáøóÇ ãöäú åóÐóÇ ÇáúæóÌúåö " æóÇáúÍóÏöíËõ Ýöí " ÕóÍöíÍö ÇáúÌóÇãöÚö ÇáÕøóÛöíÑö " 6/336 æóÞóÇáó ÇáÓøõíõæØöíøõ Åöäøóåõ Ýöí ÇáÊøöÑúãöÐöíøö Úóäö ÇÈúäö ÚóÈøóÇÓò æóÕóÍøóÍóåõ ÇáúÃóáúÈóÇäöíøõ æóÞóÇáó Åöäøóåõ Úóäö ÇÈúäö ÚõãóÑó Ýöí " ÇáúÃóÓúãóÇÁö æóÇáÕøöÝóÇÊö " áöáúÈóíúåóÞöíøö æóÝöí ÇáúãõÓúÊóÏúÑóßö áöáúÍóÇßöãö æóÝöí " ÇáÓøõäøóÉö áöÇÈúäö ÃóÈöí ÚóÇÕöãò¡ æóåõæó ÝöíåóÇ ÃóíúÖðÇ Úóäú ÃõÓóÇãóÉó Èúäö ÔóÑöíßò æóÌóÇÁóÊú ÚöÈóÇÑóÉõ " ÝóÅöäøó íóÏó Çááøóåö Úóáóì ÇáúÌóãóÇÚóÉö " Ýöí ÍóÏöíËö ÚóÑúÝóÌóÉó Èúäö ÔõÑóíúÍò ÇáúÃóÔúÌóÚöíøö - ÑóÖöíó Çááøóåõ Úóäúåõ - Ýöí Óõäóäö ÇáäøóÓóÇÆöíøö 6/84 - 85 (ßöÊóÇÈõ ÊóÍúÑöíãö ÇáÏøóãö¡ ÈóÇÈõ ÞóÊúáö ãóäú ÝóÇÑóÞó ÇáúÌóãóÇÚóÉó¡ æóäóÕøõåõ: ÑóÃóíúÊõ ÇáäøóÈöíøó - Õóáøóì Çááøóåõ Úóáóíúåö æóÓóáøóãó - Úóáóì ÇáúãöäúÈóÑö íóÎúØõÈõ ÇáäøóÇÓó ÝóÞóÇáó: " Åöäøóåõ Óóíóßõæäõ ÈóÚúÏöí åóäóÇÊñ æóåóäóÇÊñ¡ Ýóãóäú ÑóÃóíúÊõãõæåõ ÝóÇÑóÞó ÇáúÌóãóÇÚóÉó¡ Ãóæú íõÑöíÏõ íõÝóÑøöÞõ ÃóãúÑó ÃõãøóÉö ãõÍóãøóÏò - Õóáøóì Çááøóåõ Úóáóíúåö æóÓóáøóãó - ßóÇÆöäðÇ ãóäú ßóÇäó ÝóÇÞúÊõáõæåõ ÝóÅöäøó íóÏó Çááøóåö Úóáóì ÇáúÌóãóÇÚóÉö¡ ÝóÅöäøó ÇáÔøóíúØóÇäó ãóÚó ãóäú ÝóÇÑóÞó ÇáúÌóãóÇÚóÉó íóÑúßõÖõ " æóÌóÇÁóÊú ÚöÈóÇÑóÉõ " æóíóÏõ Çááøóåö Úóáóì ÇáúÌóãóÇÚóÉö " ÃóíúÖðÇ Ýöí ÍóÏöíËö ÇÈúäö ÚõãóÑó - ÑóÖöíó Çááøóåõ ÚóäúåõãóÇ - Ýöí: Óõäóäö ÇáÊøöÑúãöÐöíøö 3/315 - 316 (ßöÊóÇÈõ ÇáúÝöÊóäö¡ ÈóÇÈñ Ýöí áõÒõæãö ÇáúÌóãóÇÚóÉö) æóäóÕøõåõ: " Åöäøó Çááøóåó áóÇ íóÌúãóÚõ ÃõãøóÊöí - Ãóæú ÞóÇáó: ÃóãøóÉó ãõÍóãøóÏò - Úóáóì ÖóáóÇáóÉò¡ æóíóÏõ Çááøóåö Úóáóì ÇáúÌóãóÇÚóÉö¡ æóãóäú ÔóÐøó ÔóÐøó Ýöí ÇáäøóÇÑö ". ÞóÇáó ÇáÊøöÑúãöÐöíøõ: " åóÐóÇ ÍóÏöíËñ ÛóÑöíÈñ ãöäú åóÐóÇ ÇáúæóÌúåö¡ æóÓóáöíãóÇäõ ÇáúãóÏöíäöíøõ æóåõæó ÚöäúÏöí ÓõáóíúãóÇäõ Èúäõ ÓõÝúíóÇäó. æóÝöí ÇáúÈóÇÈö Úóäö ÇÈúäö ÚóÈøóÇÓò "
(3) ãóÚó: ßóÐóÇ Ýöí (ã) . æóÝöí ÓóÇÆöÑö ÇáäøõÓóÎö: Úóáóì
(4) åóÐóÇ ÌõÒúÁñ ãöäú ÍóÏöíËò Øóæöíáò Úóäö ÇÈúäö ÚõãóÑó - ÑóÖöíó Çááøóåõ ÚóäúåõãóÇ - Ýöí: Óõäóäö ÇáÊøöÑúãöÐöíøö 3/315 (ßöÊóÇÈõ ÇáúÝöÊóäö¡ ÈóÇÈñ Ýöí áõÒõæãö ÇáúÌóãóÇÚóÉö) æóäóÕøõåõ:. . . Úóäö ÇÈúäö ÚõãóÑó ÞóÇáó: ÎóØóÈóäóÇ ÚõãóÑõ ÈöÇáúÌóÇÈöíóÉö ÝóÞóÇáó: ÃóíøõåóÇ ÇáäøóÇÓõ: Åöäøöí ÞõãúÊõ Ýöíßõãú ßóãóÞóÇãö ÑóÓõæáö Çááøóåö - Õóáøóì Çááøóåõ Úóáóíúåö æóÓóáøóãó - ÝöíäóÇ ÝóÞóÇáó: " ÃõæÕöíßõãú ÈöÃóÕúÍóÇÈöí Ëõãøó ÇáøóÐöíäó íóáõæäóåõãú Ëõãøó ÇáøóÐöíäó íóáõæäóåõãú¡ Ëõãøó íóÝúÔõæ ÇáúßóÐöÈõ ÍóÊøóì íóÍúáöÝó ÇáÑøóÌõáõ æóáóÇ íõÓúÊóÍúáóÝõ æóíóÔúåóÏó ÇáÔøóÇåöÏõ æóáóÇ íõÓúÊóÔúåóÏõ¡ ÃóáóÇ áóÇ íóÎúáõæóäøó ÑóÌõáñ ÈöÇãúÑóÃóÉò ÅöáøóÇ ßóÇäó ËóÇáöËóåõãóÇ ÇáÔøóíúØóÇäõ¡ Úóáóíúßõãú ÈöÇáúÌóãóÇÚóÉö æóÅöíøóÇßõãú æóÇáúÝõÑúÞóÉó ÝóÅöäøó ÇáÔøóíúØóÇäó ãóÚó ÇáúæóÇÍöÏö æóåõæó ãöäú ÇáöÇËúäóíúäö ÃóÈúÚóÏõ¡ ãóäú ÃóÑóÇÏó ÈõÍúÈõæÍóÉó ÇáúÌóäøóÉö ÝóáúíóáúÒóãö ÇáúÌóãóÇÚóÉó¡ ãóäú ÓóÑøóÊúåõ ÍóÓóäóÊõåõ æóÓóÇÁóÊúåõ ÓóíøöÆóÊõåõ ÝóÐóáößõãõ ÇáúãõÄúãöäõ " ÞóÇáó ÇáÊøöÑúãöÐöíøõ: " åóÐóÇ ÍóÏöíËñ ÍóÓóäñ ÕóÍöíÍñ ÛóÑöíÈñ. . . " æóÇáúÍóÏöíËõ ÃóíúÖðÇ Ýöí " ÇáúãõÓúäóÏö (Ø ÇáúãóÚóÇÑöÝö " 1/204 - 205 (ÑóÞúãõ 114) ¡ 230 - 231 (ÑóÞúãõ 177) æóÕóÍøóÍó ÇáÔøóíúÎõ ÃóÍúãóÏ ÔóÇßöÑ - ÑóÍöãóåõ Çááøóåõ - ÇáúÍóÏöíËó Ýöí ÇáúãóæúÖöÚóíúäö(8/337)
æóÞóÇáó: " «Åöäøó ÇáÔøóíúØóÇäó ÐöÆúÈõ ÇáúÅöäúÓóÇäö ßóÐöÆúÈö ÇáúÛóäóãö¡ æóÇáÐøöÆúÈõ ÅöäøóãóÇ íóÃúÎõÐõ ÇáúÞóÇÕöíóÉó» " (1) .
æóÞóÇáó: " «Úóáóíúßõãú ÈöÇáÓøóæóÇÏö ÇáúÃóÚúÙóãö¡ æóãóäú ÔóÐøó ÔóÐøó Ýöí ÇáäøóÇÑö» " (2) .
ÇáËøóÇáöËõ: Ãóäú íõÞóÇáó ÅöÌúãóÇÚõ ÇáúÃõãøóÉö Úóáóì ÎöáóÇÝóÉö ÃóÈöí ÈóßúÑò ßóÇäó ÃóÚúÙóãó ãöäö ÇÌúÊöãóÇÚöåöãú Úóáóì ãõÈóÇíóÚóÉö Úóáöíøò¡ ÝóÅöäøó ËõáõËó ÇáúÃõãøóÉö - Ãóæú ÃóÞóáøó Ãóæú ÃóßúËóÑó - áóãú íõÈóÇíöÚõæÇ ÚóáöíøðÇ¡ Èóáú ÞóÇÊóáõæåõ æóÇáËøõáõËó ÇáúÂÎóÑó áóãú íõÞóÇÊöáõæÇ ãóÚóåõ æóÝöíåöãú ãóäú áóãú íõÈóÇíöÚúåõ ÃóíúÖðǺ æóÇáøóÐöíäó (3) áóãú íõÈóÇíöÚõæåõ ãöäúåõãú ãóäú ÞóÇÊóáóåõãú¡ æóãöäúåõãú ãóäú áóãú íõÞóÇÊöáúåõãú¡ ÝóÅöäú ÌóÇÒó ÇáúÞóÏúÍõ Ýöí ÇáúÅöãóÇãóÉö ÈöÊóÎóáøõÝö ÈóÚúÖö ÇáúÃõãøóÉö Úóäö ÇáúÈóíúÚóÉö ßóÇäó ÇáúÞóÏúÍõ Ýöí ÅöãóÇãóÉö Úóáöíøò Ãóæúáóì ÈößóËöíÑò.
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(1) ÌóÇÁó åóÐóÇ ÇáúÍóÏöíËõ Úóäú ãõÚóÇÐö Èúäö ÌóÈóáò - ÑóÖöíó Çááøóåõ Úóäúåõ - Ýöí ãóæúÖöÚóíúäö Ýöí ÇáúãõÓúäóÏö (Ø. ÇáúÍóáóÈöíøö) 5/232 - 233¡ 243 æóäóÕøõåõ Ýöí ÇáúãóæúÖöÚö ÇáúÃóæøóáö: " Åöäøó ÇáÔøóíúØóÇäó ÐöÆúÈõ ÇáúÅöäúÓóÇäö ßóÐöÆúÈö ÇáúÛóäóãö íóÃúÎõÐõ ÇáÔøóÇÉó ÇáúÞóÇÕöíóÉó æóÇáäøóÇÍöíóÉóº ÝóÅöíøóÇßõãú æóÇáÔøöÚóÇÈó æóÚóáóíúßõãú ÈöÇáúÌóãóÇÚóÉö æóÇáúÚóÇãøóÉö æóÇáúãóÓúÌöÏö ". æóÖóÚøóÝó ÇáúÃóáúÈóÇäöíøõ ÇáúÍóÏöíËó Ýöí " ÖóÚöíÝö ÇáúÌóÇãöÚö ÇáÕøóÛöíÑö " 2/53 æóÐóßóÑóåõ ÇáúåóíúËóãöíøõ Ýöí " ãóÌúãóÚö ÇáÒøóæóÇÆöÏö 5/219¡ æóÞóÇáó " ÑóæóÇåõ ÃóÍúãóÏõ æóÇáØøóÈóÑóÇäöíøõ¡ æóÑöÌóÇáõ ÃóÍúãóÏó ËöÞóÇÊñ ÅöáøóÇ ÇáúÚóáóÇÁó Èúäó ÒöíóÇÏò¡ Þöíáó¡ Åöäøóåõ áóãú íóÓúãóÚú ãöäú ãõÚóÇÐò "
(2) áóãú ÃóÌöÏö ÇáúÍóÏöíËó ÈöåóÐóÇ ÇááøóÝúÙö æóÓóÈóÞó ÞóÈúáó Þóáöíáò ßóáóÇãöí Ýöí ÇáÊøóÚúáöíÞóÇÊö Úóáóì ÍóÏöíËö ÇÈúäö ÚõãóÑó - ÑóÖöíó Çááøóåõ ÚóäúåõãóÇ - æóÝöíåö ÇáúÚöÈóÇÑóÉõ ÇáúÃóÎöíÑóÉõ " æóãóäú ÔóÐøó ÔóÐøó Ýöí ÇáäøóÇÑö "º ÃóãøóÇ ÚöÈóÇÑóÉõ " Úóáóíúßõãú ÈöÇáÓøóæóÇÏö ÇáúÃóÚúÙóãö " ÝóÌóÇÁóÊú Ööãúäó ÃóÍóÇÏöíËó¡ ÇäúÙõÑö ÇáúãõÓúäóÏó (Ø. ÇáúÍóáóÈöíøö) 4/278¡ 282 - 283
(3) ä¡ ã¡ Ó: ÝóÇáøóÐöíäó(8/338)
æóÅöäú Þöíáó: ÌõãúåõæÑõ ÇáúÃõãøóÉö áóãú ÊõÞóÇÊöáúåõ¡ Ãóæú Þöíáó ÈóÇíóÚóåõ Ãóåúáõ ÇáÔøóæúßóÉö æóÇáúÌõãúåõæÑõ¡ Ãóæú äóÍúæõ Ðóáößó ßóÇäó åóÐóÇ Ýöí ÍóÞøò ÃóÈöí ÈóßúÑò Ãóæúáóì æóÃóÍúÑóì.
æóÅöÐóÇ ÞóÇáóÊö ÇáÑøóÇÝöÖóÉõ: ÅöãóÇãóÉñ ËóÈóÊóÊú ÈöÇáäøóÕøö ÝóáóÇ íóÍúÊóÇÌõ Åöáóì ÇáúÅöÌúãóÇÚö æóÇáúãõÈóÇíóÚóÉö.
Þöíáó: ÇáäøõÕõæÕõ ÅöäøóãóÇ ÏóáøóÊú Úóáóì ÎöáóÇÝóÉö ÃóÈöí ÈóßúÑò¡ áóÇ Úóáóì ÎöáóÇÝóÉö Úóáöíøò¡ ßóãóÇ ÊóÞóÏøóãó ÇáÊøóäúÈöíåõ Úóáóíúåö¡ æóßóãóÇ ÓóäóÐúßõÑõåõ Åöäú ÔóÇÁó Çááøóåõ ÊóÚóÇáóì æóäõÈóíøöäõ Ãóäøó ÇáäøõÕõæÕó ÏóáøóÊú Úóáóì ÎöáóÇÝóÉö ÃóÈöí ÈóßúÑò ÇáÕøöÏøöíÞö¡ æóÚóáóì Ãóäøó ÚóáöíøðÇ áóãú íóßõäú åõæó ÇáúÎóáöíÝóÉó Ýöí Òóãóäö ÇáúÎõáóÝóÇÁö ÇáËøóáóÇËóÉöº ÝóÎöáóÇÝóÉõ ÃóÈöí ÈóßúÑò áóÇ ÊóÍúÊóÇÌõ Åöáóì ÇáúÅöÌúãóÇÚöº Èóáö ÇáäøõÕõæÕõ ÏóÇáøóÉñ Úóáóì ÕöÍøóÊöåóÇ æóÚóáóì ÇäúÊöÝóÇÁö ãóÇ íõäóÇÞöÖõåóÇ.
ÇáÑøóÇÈöÚõ: Ãóäú íõÞóÇáó: ÇáúßóáóÇãõ Ýöí ÅöãóÇãóÉö ÇáÕøöÏøöíÞö ÅöãøóÇ Ãóäú íóßõæäó Ýöí æõÌõæÏöåóÇ æóÅöãøóÇ Ãóäú íóßõæäó Ýöí ÇÓúÊöÍúÞóÇÞöåö áóåóÇ¡ ÃóãøóÇ ÇáúÃóæøóáõ Ýóåõæó ãóÚúáõæãñ ÈöÇáÊøóæóÇÊõÑö æóÇÊøöÝóÇÞö ÇáäøóÇÓö ÈöÃóäøóåõ Êóæóáøóì ÇáúÃóãúÑó æóÞóÇãó ãóÞóÇãó ÑóÓõæáö Çááøóåö - Õóáøóì Çááøóåõ Úóáóíúåö æóÓóáøóãó - æóÎóáóÝóåõ Ýöí ÃõãøóÊöåö æóÃóÞóÇãó ÇáúÍõÏõæÏó æóÇÓúÊóæúÝóì ÇáúÍõÞõæÞó æóÞóÇÊóáó ÇáúßõÝøóÇÑó æóÇáúãõÑúÊóÏøöíäó æóæóáøóì ÇáúÃóÚúãóÇáó æóÞóÓøóãó ÇáúÃóãúæóÇáó æóÝóÚóáó ÌóãöíÚó ãóÇ íóÝúÚóáõ (1) ÇáúÅöãóÇãõ¡ Èóáú åõæó Ãóæøóáõ (2) ãóäú ÈóÇÔóÑó ÇáúÅöãóÇãóÉó Ýöí ÇáúÃõãøóÉö.
æóÃóãøóÇ Åöäú ÃõÑöíÏó ÈöÅöãóÇãóÊöåö ßóæúäõåõ ãõÓúÊóÍöÞøðÇ áöÐóáößó¡ ÝóåóÐóÇ Úóáóíúåö ÃóÏöáøóÉñ ßóËöíÑóÉñ ÛóíúÑõ ÇáúÅöÌúãóÇÚö¡ ÝóáóÇ ØóÑöíÞó íóËúÈõÊõ ÈöåóÇ ßóæúäõ Úóáöíøò ãõÓúÊóÍöÞøðÇ áöáúÅöãóÇãóÉö ÅöáøóÇ æóÊöáúßó ÇáØøóÑöíÞõ íóËúÈõÊõ ÈöåóÇ Ãóäøó ÃóÈóÇ ÈóßúÑò ãõÓúÊóÍöÞøñ áöáúÅöãóÇãóÉö¡ æóÃóäøóåõ ÃóÍóÞøõ áöáúÅöãóÇãóÉö (3) ãöäú Úóáöíøò
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(1) Ó¡ È: ãóÇ ÝóÚóáó
(2) ã: Ãóæøóáõ
(3) Ó¡ È: ÈöÇáúÅöãóÇãóÉö(8/339)
æóÛóíúÑöåöº æóÍöíäóÆöÐò ÝóÇáúÅöÌúãóÇÚõ áóÇ íõÍúÊóÇÌõ Åöáóíúåö Ýöí ÇáúÃõæáóì æóáóÇ Ýöí ÇáËøóÇäöíóÉö¡ æóÅöäú ßóÇäó ÇáúÅöÌúãóÇÚõ ÍóÇÕöáðÇ.
[ÝÕá ÞÇá ÇáÑÇÝÖí ÇáÅÌãÇÚ áíÓ ÃÕáÇ Ýí ÇáÏáÇáÉ Èá áÇ ÈÏ Ãä íÓÊäÏ ÇáãÌãÚæä Úáì Íßã ÍÊì íÌÊãÚæÇ Úáíå]
ÝóÕúáñ
ÞóÇáó ÇáÑøóÇÝöÖöíøõ (1) : " æóÃóíúÖðÇ (2) ÇáúÅöÌúãóÇÚõ áóíúÓó ÃóÕúáðÇ Ýöí ÇáÏøóáóÇáóÉö¡ Èóáú áóÇ ÈõÏøó Ãóäú íóÓúÊóäöÏó (3) ÇáúãõÌúãöÚõæäó Åöáóì Ïóáöíáò Úóáóì ÇáúÍõßúãö ÍóÊøóì íóÌúÊóãöÚõæÇ Úóáóíúåö æóÅöáøóÇ ßóÇäó ÎóØóÃðº æóÐóáößó ÇáÏøóáöíáõ ÅöãøóÇ ÚóÞúáöíøñ¡ æóáóíúÓó Ýöí ÇáúÚóÞúáö ÏóáóÇáóÉñ Úóáóì ÅöãóÇãóÊöåö æóÅöãøóÇ äóÞúáöíøñ æóÚöäúÏóåõãú Ãóäøó ÇáäøóÈöíøó - Õóáøóì Çááøóåõ Úóáóíúåö æóÓóáøóãó - ãóÇÊó ãöäú ÛóíúÑö æóÕöíøóÉò æóáóÇ äóÕøò Úóáóì ÅöãóÇãò (4) ¡ æóÇáúÞõÑúÂäõ ÎóÇáò ãöäúåõ Ýóáóæú ßóÇäó ÇáúÅöÌúãóÇÚõ ãõÊóÍóÞøöÞðÇ ßóÇäó ÎóØóÃð ÝóÊóäúÊóÝöí (5) ÏóáóÇáóÊõåõ ".
æóÇáúÌóæóÇÈõ ãöäú æõÌõæåò:
ÃóÍóÏõåóÇ: Ãóäøó Þóæúáóåõ: " ÇáúÅöÌúãóÇÚõ áóíúÓó ÃóÕúáðÇ Ýöí ÇáÏøóáóÇáóÉö ".
Åöäú ÃóÑóÇÏó Èöåö ÃóãúÑó ÇáúãõÌúÊóãöÚöíäó áóÇ ÊóÌöÈõ ØóÇÚóÊõåõ áöäóÝúÓöåö¡ æóÅöäøóãóÇ ÊóÌöÈõ áößóæúäöåö ÏóáöíáðÇ Úóáóì ÃóãúÑö Çááøóåö æóÑóÓõæáöåöº ÝóåóÐóÇ ÕóÍöíÍñ¡ æóáóßöäøó åóÐóÇ áóÇ íóÖõÑøõº ÝóÅöäøó ÃóãúÑó ÇáÑøóÓõæáö ßóÐóáößó áóãú ÊóÌöÈú ØóÇÚóÊõåõ áöÐóÇÊöåö¡ Èóáú áöÃóäøó ãóäú ÃóØóÇÚó ÇáÑøóÓõæáó ÝóÞóÏú ÃóØóÇÚó
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(1) Ýöí (ß) Õ 197 (ã) - 198 (ã)
(2) ä¡ Ó¡ È ÃóíúÖðÇ
(3) Ó: íóÓúÊóÏöáøó
(4) ß (Õ 198 ã) : Úóáóì ÅöãóÇãóÊöåö
(5) ã: ÝóÊóÈúÊóÛöí¡ Ó¡ È ÝóÊõäúÝóì¡ ß: ÝóíóäúÊóÝöí(8/340)
Çááøóåóº ÝóÝöí ÇáúÍóÞöíÞóÉö áóÇ íõØóÇÚõ ÃóÍóÏñ áöÐóÇÊöåö ÅöáøóÇ Çááøóåõ áóåõ ÇáúÎóáúÞõ æóÇáúÃóãúÑõ¡ æóáóåõ ÇáúÍõßúãõ æóáóíúÓó ÇáúÍõßúãõ ÅöáøóÇ áöáøóåö¡ æóÅöäøóãóÇ æóÌóÈóÊú (1) ØóÇÚóÉõ ÇáÑøóÓõæáö ; áöÃóäøó ØóÇÚóÊóåõ ØóÇÚóÉõ Çááøóåö æóæóÌóÈóÊú ØóÇÚóÉõ ÇáúãõÄúãöäöíäó ÇáúãõÌúÊóãöÚöíäó¡ áöÃóäøó ØóÇÚóÊóåõãú ØóÇÚóÉõ Çááøóåö æóÇáÑøóÓõæáö. æóæóÌóÈó ÊóÍúßöíãõ ÇáÑøóÓõæáöº áöÃóäøó Íõßúãóåõ Íõßúãõ Çááøóåö¡ æóßóÐóáößó ÊóÍúßöíãõ (2) ÇáúÃõãøóÉö¡ áöÃóäøó ÍõßúãóåóÇ Íõßúãõ Çááøóåö.
æóÝöí ÇáÕøóÍöíÍóíúäö Úóäö ÇáäøóÈöíøö - Õóáøóì Çááøóåõ Úóáóíúåö æóÓóáøóãó - Ãóäøóåõ ÞóÇáó: " «ãóäú ÃóØóÇÚóäöí ÝóÞóÏú ÃóØóÇÚó Çááøóåó¡ æóãóäú ÃóØóÇÚó ÃóãöíÑöí ÝóÞóÏú ÃóØóÇÚóäöí¡ æóãóäú ÚóÕóÇäöí ÝóÞóÏú ÚóÕóì Çááøóåó¡ æóãóäú ÚóÕóì ÃóãöíÑöí ÝóÞóÏú ÚóÕóÇäöí» " (3) .
æóÞóÏú ÞóÇãóÊö ÇáúÃóÏöáøóÉõ (4) ÇáúßóËöíÑóÉõ Úóáóì Ãóäøó ÇáúÃõãøóÉó áóÇ ÊóÌúÊóãöÚõ Úóáóì ÖóáóÇáóÉò¡ Èóáú ãóÇ ÃóãóÑóÊú Èöåö ÇáúÃõãøóÉõ ÝóÞóÏú ÃóãóÑó Çááøóåõ Èöåö æóÑóÓõæáõåõ.
æóÇáúÃõãøóÉõ ÃóãóÑóÊú ÈöØóÇÚóÉö ÃóÈöí ÈóßúÑò Ýöí ÅöãóÇãóÊöåö¡ ÝóÚõáöãó Ãóäøó Çááøóåó æóÑóÓõæáóåõ ÃóãóÑóÇ ÈöÐóáößó¡ Ýóãóäú ÚóÕóÇåõ ßóÇäó ÚóÇÕöíðÇ áöáøóåö æóÑóÓõæáöåö.
æóÅöäú ÃóÑóÇÏó Èöåö Ãóäøóåõ ÞóÏú íóßõæäõ ãõæóÇÝöÞðÇ áöáúÍóÞøö¡ æóÞóÏú íóßõæäõ ãõÎóÇáöÝðÇ áóåõ¡ æóåóÐóÇ åõæó ÇáøóÐöí ÃóÑóÇÏóåõ¡ ÝóåóÐóÇ ÞóÏúÍñ Ýöí ßóæúäö ÇáúÅöÌúãóÇÚö ÍõÌøóÉð¡ æóÏóÚúæóì Ãóäøó ÇáúÃõãøóÉó ÞóÏú ÊóÌúÊóãöÚõ Úóáóì ÇáÖøóáóÇáóÉö æóÇáúÎóØóÃö¡ ßóãóÇ íóÞõæáõ Ðóáößó ãóäú íóÞõæáõåõ ãöäó ÇáÑøóÇÝöÖóÉö ÇáúãõæóÇÝöÞöíäó áöáäøóÙøóÇãö.
æóÍöíäóÆöÐò ÝóíõÞóÇáõ: ßóæúäõ Úóáöíøò ÅöãóÇãðÇ æóãóÚúÕõæãðÇ (5) æóÛóíúÑõ Ðóáößó ãöäó ÇáúÃõÕõæáö
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(1) È: æóÌóÈó
(2) ã: Íõßúãõ
(3) ÓóÈóÞó åóÐóÇ ÇáúÍóÏöíËõ ÝöíãóÇ ãóÖóì 4/255
(4) ä¡ ã: ÇáÏøóáóÇáóÉõ
(5) ä¡ Ó¡ È: ÅöãóÇãðÇ ãóÚúÕõæãðÇ(8/341)
ÇáúÅöãóÇãöíøóÉö (1) ÃóËúÈóÊõæåõ ÈöÇáúÅöÌúãóÇÚö¡ ÅöÐú ÚõãúÏóÊõåõãú Ýöí ÃõÕõæáö Ïöíäöåöãú Úóáóì ãóÇ íóÐúßõÑõæäóåõ ãöäó ÇáúÚóÞúáöíøóÇÊö æóÚóáóì ÇáúÅöÌúãóÇÚö¡ æóÚóáóì ãóÇ íóäúÞõáõæäóåõº Ýóåõãú íóÞõæáõæäó (2) : Úõáöãó ÈöÇáúÚóÞúáö áöÃóäøóåõ áóÇ ÈõÏøó (3) áöáäøóÇÓö ãöäú ÅöãóÇãò ãóÚúÕõæãò æóÅöãóÇãò ãóäúÕõæÕò Úóáóíúåöº æóÛóíúÑõ Úóáöíøò áóíúÓó ãóÚúÕõæãðÇ æóáóÇ ãóäúÕõæÕðÇ Úóáóíúåö * ÈöÇáúÅöÌúãóÇÚö Ýóíóßõæäõ ÇáúãóÚúÕõæãõ åõæó ÚóáöíøðÇ æóÛóíúÑõ Ðóáößó ãöäú ãõÞóÏøöãóÇÊö ÍõÌóÌöåöãú.
ÝóíõÞóÇáõ áóåõãú * (4) : Åöäú áóãú íóßõäö ÇáúÅöÌúãóÇÚõ ÍõÌøóÉð¡ ÝóÞóÏú ÈóØóáóÊú Êöáúßó ÇáúÍõÌóÌõ ÝóÈóØóáó ãóÇ Èóäóæúåõ Úóáóì ÇáúÅöÌúãóÇÚö ãöäú ÃõÕõæáöåöãú ÝóÈóØóáó Þóæúáõåõãú¡ æóÅöÐóÇ ÈóØóáó ËóÈóÊó ãóÐúåóÈõ Ãóåúáö ÇáÓøõäøóÉö.
æóÅöäú ßóÇäó ÇáúÅöÌúãóÇÚõ ÍóÞøðÇ¡ ÝóÞóÏú ËóÈóÊó ÃóíúÖðÇ ãóÐúåóÈõ Ãóåúáö ÇáÓøõäøóÉö¡ ÝóÞóÏú ÊóÈóíøóäó ÈõØúáóÇäõ Þóæúáöåöãú ÓóæóÇÁñ ÞóÇáõæÇ: ÇáúÅöÌúãóÇÚõ ÍõÌøóÉñ Ãóãú áóãú íóÞõæáõæÇ¡ æóÅöÐóÇ ÈóØóáó Þóæúáõåõãú ËóÈóÊó ãóÐúåóÈõ Ãóåúáö ÇáÓøõäøóÉö (5) æóåõæó ÇáúãóØúáõæÈõ.
æóÅöäú ÞóÇáõæÇ: äóÍúäõ äóÏóÚõ ÇáúÅöÌúãóÇÚó æóáóÇ äóÍúÊóÌøõ Èöåö Ýöí ÔóíúÁò ãöäú ÃõÕõæáöäóÇ¡ æóÅöäøóãóÇ ÚõãúÏóÊõäóÇ ÇáúÚóÞúáõ æóÇáäøóÞúáõ Úóäö ÇáúÃóÆöãøóÉö ÇáúãóÚúÕõæãöíäó.
Þöíáó áóåõãú: ÅöÐóÇ áóãú ÊóÍúÊóÌøõæÇ ÈöÇáúÅöÌúãóÇÚö áóãú íóÈúÞó ãóÚóßõãú ÍõÌøóÉñ ÓóãúÚöíøóÉñ ÛóíúÑõ ÇáäøóÞúáö ÇáúãóÚúáõæãö Úóäö ÇáäøóÈöíøö - Õóáøóì Çááøóåõ Úóáóíúåö æóÓóáøóãó -º ÝóÅöäøó ãóÇ íóäúÞõáõæäóåõ Úóäú Úóáöíøò æóÛóíúÑöåö ãöäó ÇáúÃóÆöãøóÉö áóÇ íóßõæäõ ÍõÌøóÉð ÍóÊøóì äóÚúáóãó ÚöÕúãóÉó ÇáúæóÇÍöÏö ãöäú åóÄõáóÇÁö.
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(1) ã: ãöäú ÃõÕõæáö ÇáúÅöãóÇãóÉö
(2) ã: Úóáóì ãóÇ íóäúÞõáõæäóåõ ãöäúåõãú æóíóÞõæáõæäó. . .
(3) ä¡ Ó: ÅöÐú áóÇ ÈõÏøó ; È: Ãóäøóåõ áóÇ ÈõÏøó.
(4) ãóÇ Èóíúäó ÇáäøóÌúãóÊóíúäö ÓóÇÞöØñ ãöäú (ã)
(5) (4 - 4) : ÓóÇÞöØñ ãöäú (Ó) ¡ (È)(8/342)
æóÚöÕúãóÉõ ÇáúæóÇÍöÏö ãöäú åóÄõáóÇÁö áóÇ ÊóËúÈõÊõ ÅöáøóÇ ÈöäóÞúáò Úóãøóäú Úõáöãó ÚöÕúãóÊõåõº æóÇáúãóÚúáõæãõ ÚöÕúãóÊõåõ åõæó ÇáÑøóÓõæáõº ÝóãóÇ áóãú íóËúÈõÊú äóÞúáñ ãóÚúáõæãñ Úóäö ÇáÑøóÓõæáö ÈöãóÇ íóÞõæáõæäóåõ áóãú íóßõäú ãóÚóåõãú ÍõÌøóÉñ ÓóãúÚöíøóÉñ (1) ÃóÕúáðÇ: áóÇ Ýöí ÃõÕõæáö ÇáÏøöíäö æóáóÇ Ýöí ÝõÑõæÚöåö¡ æóÍöíäóÆöÐò ÝóíóÑúÌöÚõ ÇáúÃóãúÑõ Åöáóì ÏóÚúæóì ÎöáóÇÝóÉö Úóáöíøò ÈöÇáäøóÕøöº ÝóÅöäú ÃóËúÈóÊøõãõ ÇáäøóÕøó ÈöÇáúÅöÌúãóÇÚö Ýóåõæó ÈóÇØöáñ¡ áöäóÝúíößõãú ßóæúäó ÇáúÅöÌúãóÇÚö ÍõÌøóÉð¡ æóÅöäú áóãú ÊõËúÈöÊõæåõ ÅöáøóÇ ÈöÇáäøóÞúáö ÇáúÎóÇÕøö ÇáøóÐöí íóÐúßõÑõåõ ÈóÚúÖõßõãú¡ ÝóÞóÏú ÊóÈóíøóäó ÈõØúáóÇäõåõ ãöäú æõÌõæåò¡ æóÊóÈóíøóäó Ãóäøó ãóÇ íóäúÞõáõåõ ÇáúÌõãúåõæÑõ æóÃóßúËóÑõ ÇáÔøöíÚóÉö ãöãøóÇ íõäóÇÞöÖõ åóÐóÇ ÇáúÞóæúáó íõæÌöÈõ ÚöáúãðÇ íóÞöíäöíøðÇ ÈöÃóäøó åóÐóÇ ßóÐöÈñ.
æóåóÐöåö ÇáúÃõãõæÑõ ãóäú ÊóÏóÈøóÑóåóÇ ÊóÈóíøóäó áóåõ Ãóäøó ÇáúÅöãóÇãöíøóÉó áóÇ íóÑúÌöÚõæäó Ýöí ÔóíúÁò ãöãøóÇ íóäúÝóÑöÏõæäó Èöåö Úóäö ÇáúÌõãúåõæÑö Åöáóì ÇáúÍõÌøóÉö ÃóÕúáðÇ: áóÇ ÚóÞúáöíøóÉò æóáóÇ ÓóãúÚöíøóÉò¡ æóáóÇ äóÕøò æóáóÇ ÅöÌúãóÇÚòº æóÅöäøóãóÇ ÚõãúÏóÊõåõãú ÏóÚúæóì äóÞúáò ãóßúÐõæÈò íõÚúáóãõ Ãóäøóåõ ßóÐöÈñ¡ Ãóæú ÏóÚúæóì ÏóáóÇáóÉö äóÕøò¡ Ãóæú ÞöíóÇÓò íõÚúáóãõ Ãóäøóåõ áóÇ ÏóáóÇáóÉó áóåõ.
æóåõãú æóÓóÇÆöÑõ Ãóåúáö ÇáúÈöÏóÚö¡ ßóÇáúÎóæóÇÑöÌö æóÇáúãõÚúÊóÒöáóÉöº æóÅöäú ßóÇäõæÇ ÚöäúÏó ÇáÊøóÍúÞöíÞö áóÇ íóÑúÌöÚõæäó Åöáóì ÍõÌøóÉò ÕóÍöíÍóÉò: áóÇ ÚóÞúáöíøóÉò æóáóÇ ÓóãúÚöíøóÉò¡ æóÅöäøóãóÇ áóåõãú ÔõÈõåóÇÊñº áóßöäøó ÍõÌóÌóåõãú ÃóÞúæóì ãöäú ÍõÌóÌö ÇáÑøóÇÝöÖóÉö ÇáÓøóãúÚöíøóÉö æóÇáúÚóÞúáöíøóÉö¡ ÃóãøóÇ ÇáÓøóãúÚöíøóÇÊõ ÝóÅöäøóåõãú áóÇ íóÊóÚóãøóÏõæäó ÇáúßóÐöÈó ßóãóÇ ÊóÊóÚóãøóÏõåõ ÇáÑøóÇÝöÖóÉõ æóáóåõãú Ýöí ÇáäøõÕõæÕö ÇáÕøóÍöíÍóÉö ÔõÈúåóÉñ ÃóÞúæóì ãöäú ÔõÈóåö ÇáÑøóÇÝöÖóÉö.
æóÃóíúÖðÇ ÝóÅöäøó ÓóÇÆöÑó Ãóåúáö ÇáúÈöÏóÚö ÃóÚúáóãõ ÈöÇáúÍóÏöíËö æóÇáúÂËóÇÑö ãöäúåõãú¡ æóÇáÑøóÇÝöÖóÉõ ÃóÌúåóáõ ÇáØøóæóÇÆöÝö ÈöÇáúÃóÍóÇÏöíËö æóÇáúÂËóÇÑö æóÃóÍúæóÇáö ÇáäøóÈöíøö - Õóáøóì Çááøóåõ Úóáóíúåö æóÓóáøóãó -º
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æóáöåóÐóÇ íõæÌóÏõ Ýöí ßõÊõÈöåöãú æóßóáóÇãöåöãú ãöäó ÇáúÌóåúáö æóÇáúßóÐöÈö Ýöí ÇáúãóäúÞõæáóÇÊö ãóÇ áóÇ íõæÌóÏõ Ýöí ÓóÇÆöÑö ÇáØøóæóÇÆöÝö¡ æóßóÐóáößó áóåõãú Ýöí ÇáúÚóÞúáöíøóÇÊö ãóÞóÇíöíÓõ åöíó ãóÚó ÖóÚúÝöåóÇ æóÝóÓóÇÏöåóÇ ÃóÌúæóÏõ ãöäú ãóÞóÇíöíÓö ÇáÑøóÇÝöÖóÉö.
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æóäóÍúäõ áóÇ äóÍúÊóÇÌõ Ýöí ÊóÞúÑöíÑö ÅöãóÇãóÉö ÇáÕøöÏøöíÞö - ÑóÖöíó Çááøóåõ Úóäúåõ - æóáóÇ ÛóíúÑöåö Åöáóì åóÐóÇ ÇáúÅöÌúãóÇÚö¡ æóáóÇ äóÔúÊóÑöØõ Ýöí ÅöãóÇãóÉö ÃóÍóÏò åóÐóÇ ÇáúÅöÌúãóÇÚóº áóßöäú åõæó áóãøóÇ ÐóßóÑó Ãóäøó Ãóåúáó ÇáÓøõäøóÉö ÇÚúÊóãóÏõæÇ Úóáóì ÇáúÅöÌúãóÇÚö ÊóßóáøóãúäóÇ Úóáóì Ðóáößó¡ ÝóäõÔöíÑõ Åöáóì ÈóÚúÖö ãóÇ íóÏõáøõ Úóáóì ÕöÍøóÉö ÇáúÅöÌúãóÇÚö.
ÝóäóÞõæáõ ÃóæøóáðÇ: ãóÇ ãöäú Íõßúãò ÇÌúÊóãóÚóÊú (2) ÇáúÃõãøóÉõ Úóáóíúåö ÅöáøóÇ æóÞóÏú Ïóáøó Úóáóíúåö ÇáäøóÕøõ¡ ÝóÇáúÅöÌúãóÇÚõ Ïóáöíáñ Úóáóì äóÕøò ãóæúÌõæÏò ãóÚúáõæãò ÚöäúÏó ÇáúÃóÆöãøóÉö áóíúÓó ãöãøóÇ ÏóÑóÓó Úöáúãõåõ¡ æóÇáäøóÇÓõ ÞóÏö ÇÎúÊóáóÝõæÇ Ýöí ÌóæóÇÒö ÇáúÅöÌúãóÇÚö Úóäö ÇÌúÊöåóÇÏò¡ æóäóÍúäõ äõÌóæøöÒõ Ãóäú íóßõæäó ÈóÚúÖõ ÇáúãõÌúãöÚöíäó (3) ÞóÇáó Úóäö ÇÌúÊöåóÇÏò¡ áóßöäú áóÇ íóßõæäõ ÇáäøóÕøõ ÎóÇÝöíðÇ Úóáóì ÌóãöíÚö ÇáúãõÌúÊóåöÏöíäó æóãóÇ ãöäú Íõßúãò íõÚúáóãõ Ãóäøó Ýöíåö ÅöÌúãóÇÚðÇ ÅöáøóÇ æóÝöí ÇáúÃõãøóÉö ãóäú íóÚúáóãõ Ãóäøó Ýöíåö äóÕøðÇ. æóÍöíäóÆöÐò ÝóÇáúÅöÌúãóÇÚõ Ïóáöíáñ Úóáóì ÇáäøóÕøö.
æóáöåóÐóÇ ÞóÇáó ÊóÚóÇáóì: {æóãóäú íõÔóÇÞöÞö ÇáÑøóÓõæáó ãöäú ÈóÚúÏö ãóÇ ÊóÈóíøóäó áóåõ ÇáúåõÏóì æóíóÊøóÈöÚú ÛóíúÑó ÓóÈöíáö ÇáúãõÄúãöäöíäó äõæóáøöåö ãóÇ Êóæóáøóì} [ÓõæÑóÉõ ÇáäøöÓóÇÁö: 115] . ÝóÚõáøöÞó ÇáúæóÚöíÏõ
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(2) ã: ÃóÌúãóÚóÊö
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ÈöãõÔóÇÞøóÉö ÇáÑøóÓõæáö æóÇÊøöÈóÇÚö ÛóíúÑö ÓóÈöíáö ÇáúãõÄúãöäöíäó (1) ãóÚó ÇáúÚöáúãö ÈöÃóäøó ãõÌóÑøóÏó ãõÔóÇÞøóÉö ÇáÑøóÓõæáö ÊõæÌöÈõ ÇáúæóÚöíÏó æóáóßöäú åõãóÇ ãõÊóáóÇÒöãóÇäöº ÝóáöåóÐóÇ (2) ÚóáøóÞóåõ ÈöåöãóÇ¡ ßóãóÇ íõÚóáøöÞõåõ ÈöãóÚúÕöíóÉö Çááøóåö æóÑóÓõæáöåö¡ æóåõãóÇ ãõÊóáóÇÒöãóÇäö ÃóíúÖðÇ.
æóÎöáóÇÝóÉõ ÇáÕøöÏøöíÞö ãöäú åóÐóÇ ÇáúÈóÇÈö¡ ÝóÅöäøó ÇáäøõÕõæÕó ÇáúßóËöíÑóÉó ÏóáøóÊú Úóáóì ÃóäøóåóÇ ÍóÞøñ æóÕóæóÇÈñ¡ æóåóÐóÇ ãöãøóÇ áóãú íóÎúÊóáöÝö ÇáúÚõáóãóÇÁõ Ýöíåö¡ æóÇÎúÊóáóÝõæÇ: åóáö ÇäúÚóÞóÏóÊú ÈöÇáäøóÕøö ÇáøóÐöí åõæó ÇáúÚóåúÏõ ßóÎöáóÇÝóÉö ÚõãóÑó¡ Ãóæú ÈöÇáúÅöÌúãóÇÚö æóÇáöÇÎúÊöíóÇÑö¿ .
æóÃóãøóÇ ÏóáóÇáóÉõ ÇáäøõÕõæÕö Úóáóì ÃóäøóåóÇ ÍóÞøñ æóÕóæóÇÈñº ÝóãóÇ ÚóáöãúÊõ ÃóÍóÏðÇ äóÇÒóÚó Ýöíåö ãöäú ÚõáóãóÇÁö ÇáÓøõäøóÉöº ßõáøõåõãú íóÍúÊóÌøõ Úóáóì ÕöÍøóÊöåóÇ ÈöÇáäøõÕõæÕö¡ ÅöÐóÇ ßõäøóÇ äõÈóíøöäõ Ãóäøó ãóÇ ÇäúÚóÞóÏó Úóáóíúåö ÇáúÅöÌúãóÇÚõ Ýóåõæó ãóäúÕõæÕñ Úóáóíúåö ßóÇäó ÐößúÑó ÇáúÅöÌúãóÇÚö ; áöÃóäøóåõ Ïóáöíáñ Úóáóì ÇáäøóÕøö áóÇ íõÝóÇÑöÞõåõ ÇáúÈóÊøóÉó.
æóãóÚó åóÐóÇ ÝóäóÍúäõ äóÐúßõÑõ ÈóÚúÖó ãóÇ íõÓúÊóÏóáøõ Èöåö Úóáóì ÇáúÅöÌúãóÇÚö ãõØúáóÞðÇ æóíõÓúÊóÏóáøõ Èöåö Úóáóì ãóäú íóÞõæáõ: ÞóÏú áóÇ íóßõæäõ ãóÚóåõ äóÕøñ.
ßóÞóæúáöåö ÊóÚóÇáóì: {ßõäúÊõãú ÎóíúÑó ÃõãøóÉò ÃõÎúÑöÌóÊú áöáäøóÇÓö ÊóÃúãõÑõæäó ÈöÇáúãóÚúÑõæÝö æóÊóäúåóæúäó Úóäö ÇáúãõäúßóÑö} [ÓõæÑóÉõ Âáö ÚöãúÑóÇäó: 110] ¡ ÝóåóÐóÇ íóÞúÊóÖöí Ãóäøóåõãú íóÃúãõÑõæäó Èößõáøö ãóÚúÑõæÝò æóíóäúåóæúäó Úóäú ßõáøö ãõäúßóÑò. æóãöäó ÇáúãóÚúáõæãö Ãóäøó ÅöíÌóÇÈó ãóÇ ÃóæúÌóÈóåõ Çááøóåõ æóÊóÍúÑöíãó ãóÇ ÍóÑøóãóåõ Çááøóåõ åõæó ãöäó ÇáúÃóãúÑö ÈöÇáúãóÚúÑõæÝö æóÇáäøóåúíö Úóäö ÇáúãõäúßóÑö¡ Èóáú åõæó äóÝúÓõåõ ÇáúÃóãúÑõ ÈöÇáúãóÚúÑõæÝö æóÇáäøóåúíõ Úóäö ÇáúãõäúßóÑö¡ ÝóíóÌöÈõ Ãóäú íõæÌöÈõæÇ ßõáøó ãóÇ ÃóæúÌóÈóåõ Çááøóåõ æóÑóÓõæáõåõ¡ æóíõÍóÑøöãõæÇ ßõáøó ãóÇ ÍóÑøóãóåõ Çááøóåõ æóÑóÓõæáõåõº æóÍöíäóÆöÐò ÝóíóãúÊóäöÚõ Ãóäú íõæÌöÈõæÇ ÍóÑóÇãðÇ¡ æóíõÍóÑøöãõæÇ æóÇÌöÈðÇ ÈöÇáÖøóÑõæÑóÉö¡ ÝóÅöäøóåõ áóÇ íóÌõæÒõ Úóáóíúåöãõ ÇáÓøõßõæÊõ Úóäú
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(2) È: æóáöåóÐóÇ(8/345)
ÇáúÍóÞøö Ýöí Ðóáößó ÝóßóíúÝó äõÌóæøöÒõ ÇáÓøõßõæÊó Úóäö ÇáúÍóÞøö æóÇáÊøóßóáøõãó ÈöäóÞöíÖöåö ãöäó ÇáúÈóÇØöáö¿ æóáóæú ÝóÚóáõæÇ Ðóáößó áóßóÇäõæÇ ÞóÏú ÃóãóÑõæÇ ÈöÇáúãõäúßöÑö æóäóåóæúÇ Úóäö ÇáúãóÚúÑõæÝö¡ æóåõæó ÎöáóÇÝõ ÇáäøóÕúÑö.
Ýóáóæú ßóÇäóÊú æöáóÇíóÉõ ÃóÈöí ÈóßúÑò ÍóÑóÇãðÇ¡ æóØóÇÚóÊõåõ ÍóÑóÇãðÇ ãõäúßóÑðÇ áóæóÌóÈó Ãóäú íóäúåóæúÇ Úóäú Ðóáößó æóáóæú ßóÇäóÊú ãõÈóÇíóÚóÉõ Úóáöíøò æóÇÌöÈóÉð áóßóÇäó Ðóáößó ãöäú ÃóÚúÙóãö ÇáúãóÚúÑõæÝö ÇáøóÐöí íóÌöÈõ Ãóäú íóÃúãõÑõæÇ Èöåö¡ ÝóáóãøóÇ áóãú íóßõäú ßóÐóáößó Úõáöãó Ãóäøó ãõÈóÇíóÚóÉó åóÐóÇ ÅöÐú ÐóÇßó áóãú Êóßõäú ãóÚúÑõæÝðÇ æóáóÇ æóÇÌöÈðÇ æóáóÇ ãõÓúÊóÍóÈøðÇ¡ æóãõÈóÇíöÚóÉó Ðóáößó áóãú Êóßõäú ãõäúßóÑðÇ¡ æóåõæó ÇáúãóØúáõæÈõ.
æóÃóíúÖðÇ ÝóÞóæúáõåõ ÊóÚóÇáóì: {æóÇáúãõÄúãöäõæäó æóÇáúãõÄúãöäóÇÊõ ÈóÚúÖõåõãú ÃóæúáöíóÇÁõ ÈóÚúÖò íóÃúãõÑõæäó ÈöÇáúãóÚúÑõæÝö æóíóäúåóæúäó Úóäö ÇáúãõäúßóÑö} [ÓõæÑóÉõ ÇáÊøóæúÈóÉö: 71] æóÇáöÇÓúÊöÏúáóÇáõ Èöåö ßóãóÇ ÊóÞóÏøóãó.
æóÃóíúÖðÇ ÝóÞóæúáõåõ ÊóÚóÇáóì: {æóßóÐóáößó ÌóÚóáúäóÇßõãú ÃõãøóÉð æóÓóØðÇ áöÊóßõæäõæÇ ÔõåóÏóÇÁó Úóáóì ÇáäøóÇÓö} [ÓõæÑóÉõ ÇáúÈóÞóÑóÉö: 143] æóÞóæúáõåõ: {åõæó ÓóãøóÇßõãõ ÇáúãõÓúáöãöíäó ãöäú ÞóÈúáõ æóÝöí åóÐóÇ áöíóßõæäó ÇáÑøóÓõæáõ ÔóåöíÏðÇ Úóáóíúßõãú æóÊóßõæäõæÇ ÔõåóÏóÇÁó Úóáóì ÇáäøóÇÓö} [ÓõæÑóÉõ ÇáúÍóÌøö: 87] . æóãóäú ÌóÚóáóåõãõ ÇáÑøóÈøõ ÔõåóÏóÇÁó Úóáóì ÇáäøóÇÓö¡ ÝóáóÇ ÈõÏøó Ãóäú íóßõæäõæÇ ÚóÇáöãöíäó ÈöãóÇ íóÔúåóÏõæäó Èöåö¡ Ðóæöí ÚóÏúáò Ýöí ÔóåóÇÏóÊöåöãú¡ Ýóáóæú ßóÇäõæÇ íõÍóáøöáõæäó ãóÇ ÍóÑøóãó Çááøóåõ æóíõÍóÑøöãõæäó ãóÇ ÃóÍóáøó (1) Çááøóåõ æóíõæÌöÈõæäó ãóÇ ÚóÝóÇ Çááøóåõ Úóäúåõ æóíõÓúÞöØõæäó ãóÇ ÃóæúÌóÈóåõ Çááøóåõ áóãú íóßõæäõæÇ ßóÐóáößó¡ æóßóÐóáößó ÅöÐóÇ ßóÇäõæÇ íóÌúÑóÍõæäó ÇáúãóãúÏõæÍó æóíóãúÏóÍõæäó ÇáúãóÌúÑõæÍó.
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(1) ä¡ Ó¡ È: ãóÇ Íóáøó(8/346)
ÝóÅöÐóÇ ÔóåöÏõæÇ Ãóäøó ÃóÈóÇ ÈóßúÑò ÃóÍóÞøõ ÈöÇáúÅöãóÇãóÉö æóÌóÈó Ãóäú íóßõæäõæÇ ÕóÇÏöÞöíäó Ýöí åóÐöåö ÇáÔøóåóÇÏóÉö ÚóÇáöãöíäó ÈöãóÇ ÔóåöÏõæÇ Èöåö¡ æóßóÐóáößó ÅöÐóÇ ÔóåöÏõæÇ Ãóäøó åóÐóÇ ãõØöíÚñ áöáøóåö æóåóÐóÇ ÚóÇÕò áöáøóåö æóåóÐóÇ ÝóÚóáó ãóÇ íóÓúÊóÍöÞøõ Úóáóíúåö ÇáËøóæóÇÈó æóåóÐóÇ ÝóÚóáó ãóÇ íóÓúÊóÍöÞøõ Úóáóíúåö ÇáúÚöÞóÇÈó æóÌóÈó ÞóÈõæáõ ÔóåóÇÏóÊöåöãú¡ ÝóÅöäøó ÇáÔøóåóÇÏóÉó Úóáóì ÇáäøóÇÓö ÊóÊóäóÇæóáõ ÇáÔøóåóÇÏóÉó ÈöãóÇ ÝóÚóáõæåõ ãöäú ãóÐúãõæãò æóãóÍúãõæÏò. æóÇáÔøóåóÇÏóÉõ ÈöÃóäøó åóÐóÇ ãõØöíÚñ æóåóÐóÇ ÚóÇÕò åöíó ÊóÊóÖóãøóäõ ÇáÔøóåóÇÏóÉó ÈöÃóÝúÚóÇáöåöãú æóÃóÍúßóÇãó ÃóÝúÚóÇáöåöãú æóÕöÝóÇÊöåöãú æóåõæó ÇáúãóØúáõæÈõ.
æóÝöí ÇáÕøóÍöíÍóíúäö Úóäú ÚõãóÑó Ãóäøó ÇáäøóÈöíøó - Õóáøóì Çááøóåõ Úóáóíúåö æóÓóáøóãó - «ãóÑøó Úóáóíúåö ÈöÌöäóÇÒóÉò ÝóÃóËúäóæúÇ ÚóáóíúåóÇ ÎóíúÑðÇ¡ ÝóÞóÇáó: " æóÌóÈóÊú " æóãóÑøó Úóáóíúåö ÈöÌöäóÇÒóÉò ÝóÃóËúäóæúÇ ÚóáóíúåóÇ ÔóÑøðÇ ÝóÞóÇáó æóÌóÈóÊú ÝóÞöíáó: íóÇ ÑóÓõæáó Çááøóåö ãóÇ Þóæúáõßó: æóÌóÈóÊú¿ ÞóÇáó: " åóÐöåö ÇáúÌöäóÇÒóÉõ ÃóËúäóíúÊõãú ÚóáóíúåóÇ ÎóíúÑðÇ ÝóÞõáúÊõ æóÌóÈóÊú áóåóÇ ÇáúÌóäøóÉõ¡ æóåóÐöåö ÇáúÌöäóÇÒóÉõ ÃóËúäóíúÊõãú ÚóáóíúåóÇ ÔóÑøðÇ¡ ÝóÞõáúÊõ: æóÌóÈóÊú áóåóÇ ÇáäøóÇÑõ ÃóäúÊõãú ÔõåóÏóÇÁõ Çááøóåö Ýöí ÇáúÃóÑúÖö» " (1) .
æóÃóíúÖðÇ ÝóÞóæúáõåõ: {æóãóäú íõÔóÇÞöÞö ÇáÑøóÓõæáó ãöäú ÈóÚúÏö ãóÇ ÊóÈóíøóäó áóåõ ÇáúåõÏóì æóíóÊøóÈöÚú ÛóíúÑó ÓóÈöíáö ÇáúãõÄúãöäöíäó äõæóáøöåö ãóÇ Êóæóáøóì} ÇáúÂíóÉó [ÓõæÑóÉõ ÇáäøöÓóÇÁö: 115] ÝóÅöäøóåõ ÊóæóÚøóÏó Úóáóì ÇáúãõÔóÇÞøóÉö áöáÑøóÓõæáö æóÇÊøöÈóÇÚö ÛóíúÑö ÓóÈöíáö ÇáúãõÄúãöäöíäóº æóÐóáößó íóÞúÊóÖöí Ãóäøó ßõáøðÇ ãöäúåõãóÇ ãóÐúãõæãñº ÝóÅöäøó ãõÔóÇÞøóÉó ÇáÑøóÓõæáö æóÍúÏóåóÇ ãóÐúãõæãóÉñ ÈöÇáúÅöÌúãóÇÚö¡ Ýóáóæú áóãú íóßõäö ÇáúÂÎóÑõ
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ãóÐúãõæãðÇ áóßóÇäó ÞóÏú ÑóÊøóÈó ÇáúæóÚöíÏó Úóáóì æóÕúÝóíúäö: ãóÐúãõæãò æóÛóíúÑö ãóÐúãõæãò æóåóÐóÇ áóÇ íóÌõæÒõ.
æóäóÙöíÑõ åóÐóÇ Þóæúáõåõ ÊóÚóÇáóì: {æóÇáøóÐöíäó áóÇ íóÏúÚõæäó ãóÚó Çááøóåö ÅöáóåðÇ ÂÎóÑó æóáóÇ íóÞúÊõáõæäó ÇáäøóÝúÓó ÇáøóÊöí ÍóÑøóãó Çááøóåõ ÅöáøóÇ ÈöÇáúÍóÞøö æóáóÇ íóÒúäõæäó æóãóäú íóÝúÚóáú Ðóáößó íóáúÞó ÃóËóÇãðÇ íõÖóÇÚóÝú áóåõ ÇáúÚóÐóÇÈõ íóæúãó ÇáúÞöíóÇãóÉö æóíóÎúáõÏú Ýöíåö ãõåóÇäðÇ} [ÓõæÑóÉõ ÇáúÝõÑúÞóÇäö: 68¡ 69] ÝóÅöäøóåõ íóÞúÊóÖöí Ãóäøó ßõáøó æóÇÍöÏò ãöäö ÇáúÎöÕóÇáö ÇáËøóáóÇËóÉö ãóÐúãõæãñ ÔóÑúÚðÇ.
æóÍöíäóÆöÐò ÝóÅöÐóÇ ßóÇäó ÇáúãõÄúãöäõæäó ÞóÏú ÃóæúÌóÈõæÇ ÃóÔúíóÇÁó æóÍóÑøóãõæÇ ÃóÔúíóÇÁó ÝóÎóÇáóÝóåõãú ãõÎóÇáöÝñ¡ æóÞóÇáó: Åöäøó ãóÇ ÃóæúÌóÈõæåõ áóíúÓó ÈöæóÇÌöÈò¡ æóãóÇ ÍóÑøóãõæåõ áóíúÓó ÈöÍóÑóÇãò ÝóÞóÏö ÇÊøóÈóÚó ÛóíúÑó ÓóÈöíáöåöãú¡ áöÃóäøó ÇáúãõÑóÇÏó ÈöÓóÈöíáöåöãö ÇÚúÊöÞóÇÏóÇÊõåõãú æóÃóÝúÚóÇáõåõãú¡ æóÅöÐóÇ ßóÇäó ßóÐóáößó ßóÇäó ãóÐúãõæãðÇ æóáóæú áóãú íóßõäú ÓóÈöíáõåõãú ÕóæóÇÈðÇ æóÍóÞøðÇ áóãú íóßõäö ÇáúãõÎóÇáöÝõ áóåõãú ãóÐúãõæãðÇ.
æóÃóíúÖðÇ ÝóÞóæúáõåõ ÊóÚóÇáóì: {ÃóØöíÚõæÇ Çááøóåó æóÃóØöíÚõæÇ ÇáÑøóÓõæáó æóÃõæáöí ÇáúÃóãúÑö ãöäúßõãú ÝóÅöäú ÊóäóÇÒóÚúÊõãú Ýöí ÔóíúÁò ÝóÑõÏøõæåõ Åöáóì Çááøóåö æóÇáÑøóÓõæáö} [ÓõæÑóÉõ ÇáäøöÓóÇÁö: 59] : ÝóÌóÚóáó æõÌõæÈó ÇáÑøóÏøö Åöáóì Çááøóåö æóÇáÑøóÓõæáö (1) ãõÚóáøóÞðÇ (2) ÈöÇáÊøóäóÇÒõÚö. æóÇáúÍõßúãõ ÇáúãõÚóáøóÞõ ÈöÇáÔøóÑúØö ÚóÏöãó ÚöäúÏó ÚóÏóãöåö¡ ÝóÚõáöãó Ãóäøóåõ ÚöäúÏó ÇäúÊöÝóÇÁö ÇáÊøóäóÇÒõÚö áóÇ íóÌöÈõ ÇáÑøóÏøõ Åöáóì Çááøóåö æóÑóÓõæáöåö ÝóÏóáøó Úóáóì Ãóäøó ÅöÌúãóÇÚóåõãú ÅöäøóãóÇ íóßõæäõ Úóáóì ÍóÞøò æóÕóæóÇÈò ÝóÅöäøóåõ áóæú ßóÇäó Úóáóì ÈóÇØöáò æóÎóØóÃò áóãú íóÓúÞõØú Úóäúåõãú æõÌõæÈõ ÇáÑøóÏøö Åöáóì ÇáúßöÊóÇÈö æóÇáÓøõäøóÉö áóÃóÌúáö ÈóÇØöáöåöãú æóÎóØóÆöåöãú ; æóáöÃóäøó ÃóãúÑó Çááøóåö æóÑóÓõæáöåö ÍóÞøñ ÍóÇáó ÅöÌúãóÇÚöåöãú
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(2) Ó¡ È: æóÑóÏó ãõÚóáøóÞðÇ. .(8/348)
æóäöÒóÇÚöåöãú ÝóÅöÐóÇ áóãú íóÌöÈö ÇáÑøóÏøõ Úóáóíúåö ÚöäúÏó ÇáúÅöÌúãóÇÚö Ïóáøó Úóáóì Ãóäøó ÇáúÅöÌúãóÇÚó ãõæóÇÝöÞñ áóåõ áóÇ ãõÎóÇáöÝñ áóåõ¡ ÝóáóãøóÇ ßóÇäó ÇáúãõÓúÊóÏöáøõ ÈöÇáúÅöÌúãóÇÚö ãõÊøóÈöÚðÇ áóåõ Ýöí äóÝúÓö ÇáúÃóãúÑö áóãú íóÍúÊóÌú Åöáóì ÇáÑøóÏøö Åöáóíúåö.
æóÃóíúÖðÇ Þóæúáõåõ ÊóÚóÇáóì: {æóÇÚúÊóÕöãõæÇ ÈöÍóÈúáö Çááøóåö ÌóãöíÚðÇ æóáóÇ ÊóÝóÑøóÞõæÇ} [ÓõæÑóÉõ Âáö ÚöãúÑóÇäó: 103] ÃóãóÑóåõãú ÈöÇáöÇÌúÊöãóÇÚö æóäóåóÇåõãú Úóäú ÇáöÇÝúÊöÑóÇÞö Ýóáóæú ßóÇäó Ýöí ÍóÇáö ÇáöÇÌúÊöãóÇÚö ÞóÏú íóßõæäõæäó ãõØöíÚöíäó áöáøóåö ÊóÇÑóÉð æóÚóÇÕöíäó áóåõ ÃõÎúÑóì áóãú íóÌõÒú Ãóäú íóÃúãõÑó Èöåö ÅöáøóÇ ÅöÐóÇ ßóÇäó ÇÌúÊöãóÇÚðÇ Úóáóì ØóÇÚóÉòº æóÇááøóåõ ÃóãóÑó Èöåö ãõØúáóÞðÇ ; æóáöÃóäøóåõ áóæú ßóÇäó ßóÐóáößó áóãú íóßõäú ÝóÑúÞñ Èóíúäó ÇáöÇÌúÊöãóÇÚö æóÇáöÇÝúÊöÑóÇÞö¡ áöÃóäøó ÇáöÇÝúÊöÑóÇÞó ÅöÐóÇ ßóÇäó ãóÚóåõ ØóÇÚóÉñ ßóÇäó ãóÃúãõæÑðÇ Èöåö ãöËúáó Ãóäú íóßõæäó ÇáäøóÇÓõ äóæúÚóíúäö äóæúÚñ íõØöíÚõ Çááøóåó æóÑóÓõæáóåõ æóäóæúÚñ íóÚúÕöíåöº ÝóÅöäøóåõ íóÌöÈõ Ãóäú íóßõæäó ãóÚó ÇáúãõØöíÚöíäó¡ æóÅöäú ßóÇäó Ýöí Ðóáößó ÝõÑúÞóÉñ¡ ÝóáóãøóÇ ÃóãóÑóåõãú ÈöÇáöÇÌúÊöãóÇÚö Ïóáøó Úóáóì Ãóäøóåõ ãõÓúÊóáúÒöãñ áöØóÇÚóÉö Çááøóåö.
æóÃóíúÖðÇ ÝóÅöäøóåõ ÞóÇáó: {ÅöäøóãóÇ æóáöíøõßõãõ Çááøóåõ æóÑóÓõæáõåõ} [ÓõæÑóÉõ ÇáúãóÇÆöÏóÉö: 55] ÝóÌóÚóáó ãõæóÇáóÇÊóåõãú ßóãõæóÇáóÇÉö Çááøóåö æóÑóÓõæáöåö. æóãõæóÇáóÇÉõ Çááøóåö æóÑóÓõæáöåö áóÇ ÊóÊöãøõ ÅöáøóÇ ÈöØóÇÚóÉö ÃóãúÑöåö¡ æóßóÐóáößó ÇáúãõÄúãöäõæäó áóÇ ÊóÊöãøõ ãõæóÇáóÇÊõåõãú ÅöáøóÇ ÈöØóÇÚóÉö ÃóãúÑöåöãúº æóåóÐóÇ áóÇ íóßõæäõ ÅöáøóÇ ÅöÐóÇ ßóÇäó ÃóãúÑõåõãú ÃóãúÑðÇ ãõÊøóÝóÞðǺ ÝóÅöäú ÃóãóÑó ÈóÚúÖóåõãú ÈöÔóíúÁò æóÃóãóÑó ÂÎóÑó (1) ÈöÖöÏøöåö áóãú íóßõäú ãõæóÇáóÇÉõ åóÐóÇ ÈöÃóæúáóì ãöäú ãõæóÇáóÇÉö åóÐóÇ¡ ÝóßóÇäóÊö ÇáúãõæóÇáóÇÉõ Ýöí ÍóÇáö ÇáäøöÒóÇÚö ÈöÇáÑøóÏøö Åöáóì Çááøóåö æóÇáÑøóÓõæáö.
æóÃóíúÖðÇ ÝóÞóÏó (2) ËóÈóÊó Úóäö ÇáäøóÈöíøö - Õóáøóì Çááøóåõ Úóáóíúåö æóÓóáøóãó - Ýöí ÃóÍóÇÏöíËó ßóËöíÑóÉò
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(1) ã: ÇáúÂÎóÑó
(2) ä¡ Ó¡ È: ÞóÏú(8/349)
ãõÊóÚóÏøöÏóÉö ÇáúÃóãúÑö ÈöÇáöÇÚúÊöÕóÇãö ÈöÇáúÌóãóÇÚóÉö æóÇáúãóÏúÍö áóåóÇ¡ æóÐóãøö ÇáÔøõÐõæÐö¡ æóÃóäøó ÇáúÎóíúÑó æóÇáúåõÏóì æóÇáÑøóÍúãóÉó ãóÚó ÇáúÌóãóÇÚóÉö¡ æóÃóäøó Çááøóåó áóãú íóßõäú áöíóÌúãóÚó åóÐöåö ÇáúÃõãøóÉó Úóáóì ÖóáóÇáóÉò¡ æóÃóäøóåõ áóäú íóÒóÇáó ÝöíåóÇ (1) ØóÇÆöÝóÉñ ÙóÇåöÑöíäó Úóáóì ÇáúÍóÞøö áóÇ íóÖõÑøõåõãú ãóäú ÎóÇáóÝóåõãú æóáóÇ ãóäú ÎóÐóáóåõãú æóáóÇ íóÒóÇáõ Çááøóåõ íóÛúÑöÓõ Ýöí åóÐóÇ ÇáÏøöíäö ÛóÑúÓðÇ íóÓúÊóÚúãöáõåõãú Ýöíåö ÈöØóÇÚóÉö Çááøóåö¡ æóÃóäøó ÎóíúÑó åóÐöåö ÇáúÃõãøóÉö ÇáúÞóÑúäõ ÇáúÃóæøóáõ¡ Ëõãøó ÇáøóÐöíäó íóáõæäóåõãú¡ Ëõãøó ÇáøóÐöíäó íóáõæäóåõãú.
æóÞóÏú Ñóæóì ÇáúÍóÇßöãõ æóÛóíúÑõåõ Úóäö ÇÈúäö ÚóÈøóÇÓò Ãóäøó ÇáäøóÈöíøó - Õóáøóì Çááøóåõ Úóáóíúåö æóÓóáøóãó - ÞóÇáó: " «áóÇ íóÌúãóÚõ Çááøóåõ ÃõãøóÊöí (2) Úóáóì ÇáÖøóáóÇáóÉö ÃóÈóÏðÇ¡ æóíóÏõ Çááøóåö Úóáóì ÇáúÌóãóÇÚóÉö» (3) ".
æóÚóäú ÃóÈöí ÐóÑøò - ÑóÖöíó Çááøóåõ Úóäúåõ - ÞóÇáó: ÞóÇáó ÑóÓõæáõ Çááøóåö - Õóáøóì Çááøóåõ Úóáóíúåö æóÓóáøóãó -:
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(1) ÝöíåóÇ: ÓóÇÞöØóÉñ ãöäú (ã)
(2) ã: áóÇ ÊóÌúÊóãöÚõ ÃõãøóÊöí
(3) ÓóÈóÞó Ãóäú ÐóßóÑúÊõ åóÐóÇ ÇáúÍóÏöíËó Úóäö ÇÈúäö ÚõãóÑó - ÑóÖöíó Çááøóåõ ÚóäúåõãóÇ - Ýöí Óõäóäö ÇáÊøöÑúãöÐöíøö 3/315 - 316 (ÇäúÙõÑú ãóÇ ÓóÈóÞó Ýöí åóÐóÇ ÇáúÌõÒúÁö¡ æóÞóÇáó ÇáÊøöÑúãöÐöíøõ: " æóÝöí ÇáúÈóÇÈö Úóäö ÇÈúäö ÚóÈøóÇÓò "¡ æóÑóæóÇåõ ÇáúåóíúËóãöíøõ " Ýöí ãóÌúãóÚö ÇáÒøóæóÇÆöÏö " 5/218 Úóäö ÇÈúäö ÚõãóÑó - ÑóÖöíó Çááøóåõ ÚóäúåõãóÇ - ÈöáóÝúÙö: áóäú ÊóÌúÊóãöÚó ÃõãøóÊöí Úóáóì ÖóáóÇáóÉò ÝóÚóáóíúßõãú ÈöÇáúÌóãóÇÚóÉö ÝóÅöäøó íóÏó Çááøóåö Úóáóì ÇáúÌóãóÇÚóÉö " æóÞóÇáó ÇáúåóíúËóãöíøõ: ÑóæóÇåõ ÇáØøóÈóÑóÇäöíøõ ÈöÅöÓúäóÇÏóíúäö ÑöÌóÇáõ ÃóÍóÏöåöãóÇ ËöÞóÇÊñ ÑöÌóÇáõ ÇáÕøóÍöíÍö¡ ÎóáóÇ ãóÑúÒõæÞò ãóæúáóì Âáö ØóáúÍóÉó æóåõæó ËöÞóÉñ. " æóÐóßóÑó ÇáÊøöÑúãöÐöíøõ ÍóÏöíËðÇ Úóäö ÇÈúäö ÚóÈøóÇÓò Ýöí Óõäóäöåö 3/316 (ßöÊóÇÈõ ÇáúÝöÊóäö¡ ÈóÇÈõ áõÒõæãö ÇáúÌóãóÇÚóÉö) æóäóÕøõåõ: " íóÏõ Çááøóåö ãóÚó ÇáúÌóãóÇÚóÉö " æóÓóÈóÞó Ãóäú ÃóÔóÑúÊõ Åöáóíúåö æóÅöáóì ßóáóÇãö ÇáÊøöÑúãöÐöíøö Úóáóíúåö (åóÐóÇ ÇáúÌõÒúÁõ. . . . . . .) æóÃóãøóÇ ÇáúÍóÇßöãõ ÝóÞóÏú Ñóæóì åóÐóÇ ÇáúÍóÏöíËó Úóäö ÇÈúäö ÚóÈøóÇÓò Ýöí ãõÓúÊóÏúÑóßöåö 1/116 ãóÑøóÊóíúäö¡ æóÞóÇáó Ýöí ÇáËøóÇäöíóÉö: " ÝóÅöÈúÑóÇåöíãõ Èúäõ ãóíúãõæäò ÇáúÚóÏóäöíøõ åóÐóÇ ÞóÏú ÚóÏøóáóåõ ÚóÈúÏõ ÇáÑøóÒøóÇÞö æóÃóËúäóì Úóáóíúåö¡ æóÚóÈúÏõ ÇáÑøóÒøóÇÞö ÅöãóÇãõ Ãóåúáö Çáúíóãóäö æóÊóÚúÏöíáõåõ ÍõÌøóÉñ. æóÞóÏú Ñóæóì åóÐóÇ ÇáúÍóÏöíËó Úóäú ÃóäóÓö Èúäö ãóÇáößò " æóÞóÇáó ÇáÐøóåóÈöíøõ: " ÅöÈúÑóÇåöíãõ ÚóÏøóáóåõ ÚóÈúÏõ ÇáÑøóÒøóÇÞö æóæóËøóÞóåõ ÇÈúäõ ãóÚöíäò "(8/350)
" «ãóäú ÎóÇáóÝó ÌóãóÇÚóÉó ÇáúãõÓúáöãöíäó ÔöÈúÑðÇ ÝóÞóÏú ÎóáóÚó ÑöÈúÞóÉó ÇáúÅöÓúáóÇãö ãöäú ÚõäõÞöåö» " (1) .
æóÚóäö ÇÈúäö ÚõãóÑó Ãóäøó ÇáäøóÈöíøó - Õóáøóì Çááøóåõ Úóáóíúåö æóÓóáøóãó - ÞóÇáó: " «ãóäú ÎóÑóÌó ãöäó ÇáúÌóãóÇÚóÉö ÞóíúÏó ÔöÈúÑò ÝóÞóÏú ÎóáóÚó ÑöÈúÞóÉó ÇáúÅöÓúáóÇãö ãöäú ÚõäõÞöåö ÍóÊøóì íõÑóÇÌöÚóåõ¡ æóãóäú ãóÇÊó æóáóíúÓó Úóáóíúåö ÅöãóÇãõ ÌóãóÇÚóÉòº ÝóÅöäøó ãöíÊóÊóåõ ãöíÊóÉñ ÌóÇåöáöíøóÉñ» " (2) .
æóÚóäö ÇáúÍóÇÑöËö ÇáúÃóÔúÚóÑöíøö ÞóÇáó: ÞóÇáó ÑóÓõæáõ Çááøóåö - Õóáøóì Çááøóåõ Úóáóíúåö æóÓóáøóãó -: " «ÂãõÑõßõãú ÈöÎóãúÓö ßóáöãóÇÊò ÃóãóÑóäöí Çááøóåõ Èöåöäøó: ÇáúÌóãóÇÚóÉõ¡ æóÇáÓøóãúÚõ¡ æóÇáØøóÇÚóÉõ¡ æóÇáúåöÌúÑóÉõ¡ æóÇáúÌöåóÇÏõ Ýóãóäú ÎóÑóÌó ãöäó ÇáúÌóãóÇÚóÉö ÞóíúÏó ÔöÈúÑò ÝóÞóÏú ÎóáóÚó ÑöÈúÞóÉó ÇáúÅöÓúáóÇãö ãöäú ÑóÃúÓöåö (3) ÅöáøóÇ Ãóäú íóÑúÌöÚó» " (4) .
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(1) Ñóæóì ÇáúÍóÇßöãõ åóÐóÇ ÇáúÍóÏöíËó Ýöí ãõÓúÊóÏúÑóßöåö 1/117 ãöäú ØóÑöíÞóíúäö æóÞóÇáó Ýöí ÇáúãóÑøóÉö ÇáËøóÇäöíóÉö: " ÎóÇáöÏõ Èúäõ æóåúÈóÇäö áóãú íõÌóÑøóÍú Ýöí ÑöæóÇíóÇÊöåö¡ æóåõæó ÊóÇÈöÚöíøñ ãóÚúÑõæÝñ ÅöáøóÇ Ãóäøó ÇáÔøóíúÎóíúäö áóãú íõÎóÑøöÌóÇåõ¡ æóÞóÏú Ñóæóì åóÐóÇ ÇáúãóÊúäó Úóäú ÚóÈúÏö Çááøóåö Èúäö ÚõãóÑó ÈöÅöÓúäóÇÏò ÕóÍöíÍò Úóáóì ÔóÑúØöåöãóÇ¡ æóÞóÇáó ÇáÐøóåóÈöíøõ: æóÎóÇáöÏñ áóãú íõÖóÚøóÝú "
(2) Ñóæóì åóÐóÇ ÇáúÍóÏöíËó Úóäö ÇÈúäö ÚõãóÑó ÇáúÍóÇßöãõ Ýöí ãõÓúÊóÏúÑóßöåö 1/117 æóÞóÇáó ßóãóÇ ÐóßóÑúÊõ Ýöí ÇáÊøóÚúáöíÞö ÇáÓøóÇÈöÞö Ãóäøóåõ ÑóæóÇåõ ÈöÅöÓúäóÇÏò ÕóÍöíÍò Úóáóì ÔóÑúØöåöãóÇ¡ æóÃóÚóÇÏó ÇáÐøóåóÈöíøõ ÇáúÍóÏöíËó æóáóãú íõÚóáøöÞú Úóáóíúåö¡ æóÑóæóì ÇáúÍóÇßöãõ ÇáúÍóÏöíËó Ýöí ãóæúÖöÚò ÂÎóÑó ÞóÈúáó åóÐóÇ 1/77 - 78 æóáóßöäøóåõ ãõØóæøóáñ æóÞóÇáó: " æóåóÐóÇ ÍóÏöíËñ ÕóÍöíÍñ Úóáóì ÔóÑúØö ÇáÔøóíúÎóíúäö¡ æóÞóÏú ÍóÏøóËó Èöåö ÇáúÍóÌøóÇÌõ Èúäõ ãõÍóãøóÏò ÃóíúÖðÇ Úóäö ÇááøóíúËö æóáóãú íõÎóÑøöÌóÇåõ¡ æóÞóÇáó ÇáÐøóåóÈöíøõ Úóáóì ÔóÑúØöåöãóÇ¡ æóÑóæóÇåõ ÍóÌøóÇÌõ ÇáúÃóÚúæóÑõ Úóäö ÇááøóíúËö
(3) ãöäú ÑóÃúÓöåö: ÓóÇÞöØóÉñ ãöäú (ã)
(4) åóÐóÇ ÌõÒúÁñ ãöäú ÍóÏöíËò Øóæöíáò Úóäö ÇáúÍóÇÑöËö Èúäö ÇáúÍóÇÑöËö ÇáúÃóÔúÚóÑöíøö Ýöí: Óõäóäö ÇáÊøöÑúãöÐöíøö 4/225 - 227 (ßöÊóÇÈõ ÇáúÃóãúËóÇáö¡ ÈóÇÈõ ãóÇ ÌóÇÁó ãöËúáó ÇáÕøóáóÇÉö æóÇáÕøöíóÇãö æóÇáÕøóÏóÞóÉö) æóÃóæøóáõåõ ÝöíåóÇ: " Åöäøó Çááøóåó ÃóãóÑó íóÍúíóì Èúäó ÒóßóÑöíøóÇ ÈöÎóãúÓö ßóáöãóÇÊò Ãóäú íóÚúãóáó ÈöåóÇ. . ÇáúÍóÏöíËó ". æóÝöíåö: ÞóÇáó ÇáäøóÈöíøõ - Õóáøóì Çááøóåõ Úóáóíúåö æóÓóáøóãó -: æóÃóäóÇ ÂãõÑõßõãú ÈöÎóãúÓò. . . ÅöáóÎú ÞóÇáó ÇáÊøöÑúãöÐöíøõ: åóÐóÇ ÍóÏöíËñ ÍóÓóäñ ÕóÍöíÍñ ÛóÑöíÈñ "¡ æóÇáúÍóÏöíËõ Ýöí " ÇáúãõÓúäóÏö (Ø. ÇáúÍóáóÈöíøö) 4/1130¡ 202. æóÕóÍøóÍó ÇáúÃóáúÈóÇäöíøõ ÇáúÍóÏöíËó Ýöí " ÕóÍöíÍö ÇáúÌóÇãöÚö ÇáÕøóÛöíÑö " 2/97 - 100 æóÞóÇáó Åöäøóåõ Ýöí ãõÓúäóÏö ÇáØøóíóÇáöÓöíøö æóÕóÍöíÍö ÇÈúäö ÎõÒóíúãóÉó. æóÞóÇáó ÇáÓøõíõæØöíøõ: Íã (ãõÓúäóÏõ ÃóÍúãóÏó) ÊÎ (ÇáúÈõÎóÇÑöíøõ Ýöí ÇáÊøóÇÑöíÎö) Ê (Óõäóäõ ÇáÊøöÑúãöÐöíøö) ä (Óõäóäõ ÇáäøóÓóÇÆöíøö) ÍÈ (ÕóÍöíÍõ ÇÈúäö ÍöÈøóÇäó) ß (ÇáúãõÓúÊóÏúÑóßõ áöáúÍóÇßöãö) æóÇáúÍóÏöíËõ Ýöí ÇáúãõÓúÊóÏúÑóßö áöáúÍóÇßöãö 1/117 - 118 ãöäú ËóáóÇËóÉö ØõÑõÞò æóÞóÇáó ÇáúÍóÇßöãõ " åóÐóÇ ÍóÏöíËñ ÕóÍöíÍñ Úóáóì ãóÇ ÃóÕøóáúäóÇåõ Ýöí ÇáÕøóÍóÇÈóÉö¡ ÅöÐóÇ áóãú äóÌöÏú áóåõãú ÅöáøóÇ ÑóÇæöíðÇ æóÇÍöÏðǺ ÝóÅöäøó ÇáúÍóÇÑöËó ÇáúÃóÔúÚóÑöíøó ÕóÍóÇÈöíøñ ãóÚúÑõæÝñ. ÓóãöÚúÊõ ÃóÈóÇ ÇáúÚóÈøóÇÓö ãõÍóãøóÏó Èúäó íóÚúÞõæÈó íóÞõæáõ ÓóãöÚúÊõ ÇáÏøõæÑöíøó íóÞõæáõ: ÓóãöÚúÊõ íóÍúíóì Èúäó ãóÚöíäò íóÞõæáõ: ÇáúÍóÇÑöËõ ÇáúÃóÔúÚóÑöíøõ áóåõ ÕõÍúÈóÉñ¡ æóÞóÇáó ÇáÐøóåóÈöíøõ áóãú íõÎóÑøöÌóÇåõ áöÃóäøó ÇáúÍóÇÑöËó ÊóÝóÑøóÏó Úóäúåõ ÃóÈõæ ÓóáøóÇãò "(8/351)
æóÚóäú ãõÚóÇæöíóÉó ÞóÇáó: ÞóÇáó ÑóÓõæáõ Çááøóåö - Õóáøóì Çááøóåõ Úóáóíúåö æóÓóáøóãó -: " «ãóäú ÝóÇÑóÞó ÇáúÌóãóÇÚóÉó ÔöÈúÑðÇ ÏóÎóáó ÇáäøóÇÑó» " (1) .
æóÚóäö ÇÈúäö ÚõãóÑó ÞóÇáó: ÓóãöÚúÊõ ÑóÓõæáó Çááøóåö - Õóáøóì Çááøóåõ Úóáóíúåö æóÓóáøóãó - íóÞõæáõ: " «ãöäú ÝóÇÑóÞó ÃõãøóÊóåõ (2) ¡ Ãóæú ÚóÇÏó ÃóÚúÑóÇÈöíøðÇ ÈóÚúÏó åöÌúÑóÊöåö¡ ÝóáóÇ ÍõÌøóÉó áóåõ» " (3) .
æóÚóäú ÑöÈúÚöíøò ÞóÇáó: ÃóÊóíúÊõ ÍõÐóíúÝóÉó áóíóÇáöíó ÓóÇÑó ÇáäøóÇÓõ Åöáóì ÚõËúãóÇäó¡ ÝóÞóÇáó ÓóãöÚúÊõ ÑóÓõæáó Çááøóåö - Õóáøóì Çááøóåõ Úóáóíúåö æóÓóáøóãó - íóÞõæáõ: " «ãóäú ÝóÇÑóÞó ÇáúÌóãóÇÚóÉó æóÇÓúÊóÈúÏóáó (4) ÇáúÅöãóÇÑóÉó áóÞöíó Çááøóåó æóáóÇ ÍõÌøóÉó áóåõ» " (5) .
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(1) Ñõæöíó åóÐóÇ ÇáúÍóÏöíËõ Úóäú ãõÚóÇæöíóÉó - ÑóÖöíó Çááøóåõ Úóäúåõ - Úóäö ÇáúÍóÇßöãö Ýöí ãõÓúÊóÏúÑóßöåö 1/118¡ æóáóãú íõÚóáøöÞú Úóáóíúåö ÇáÐøóåóÈöíøõ
(2) ã: ÅöãóÇãóåõ. æóÝöí " ÇáúãõÓúÊóÏúÑóßö " æóÊóáúÎöíÕö ÇáúãõÓúÊóÏúÑóßö " ÃõãøóÉð
(3) ÇáúÍóÏöíËõ Úóäö ÇÈúäö ÚõãóÑó - ÑóÖöíó Çááøóåõ ÚóäúåõãóÇ - Ýöí ÇáúãõÓúÊóÏúÑóßö 1/118 æóáóãú íõÚóáøöÞú Úóáóíúåö ÇáÐøóåóÈöíøõ
(4) Ýöí " ÇáúãõÓúÊóÏúÑóßö " æó " ãóÌúãóÚö ÇáÒøóæóÇÆöÏö " æóÇÓúÊóÐóáøó
(5) ÇáúÍóÏöíËõ ÈöåóÐóÇ ÇááøóÝúÙö Úóäú ÑöÈúÚöíøò Úóäú ÍõÐóíúÝóÉó Èúäö ÇáúíóãóÇäö - ÑóÖöíó Çááøóåõ Úóäúåõ - Ýöí ÇáúãõÓúÊóÏúÑóßö 1/119 æóÞóÇáó ÇáúÍóÇßöãõ " ÊóÇÈóÚóåõ ÃóÈõæ ÚóÇÕöãò Úóäú ßóËöíÑò " æóÞóÇáó ÇáÐøóåóÈöíøõ: " ÕóÍöíÍñ¡ æóßóËöíÑñ ÑóæóÇåõ Úóäúåõ ÇáúÞóØøóÇäõ "¡ æóÃóãøóÇ ÇáØøóÑöíÞõ ÇáËøóÇäöí Úóäú ÃóÈöí ÚóÇÕöãò Úóäú ßóËöíÑö Èúäö ÃóÈöí ßóËöíÑò Ýóåõæó ÈöÃóáúÝóÇÙò ãõÞóÇÑöÈóÉò Ýöí äóÝúÓö ÇáÕøóÝúÍóÉö 1/119¡ æóÞóÇáó ÇáúÍóÇßöãõ: " åóÐóÇ ÍóÏöíËñ ÕóÍöíÍñ ÝóÅöäøó ßóËöíÑó Èúäó ÃóÈöí ßóËöíÑò ßõæÝöíøñ Óóßóäó ÇáúÈóÕúÑóÉó Ñóæóì Úóäúåõ íóÍúíóì Èúäõ ÓóÚöíÏò ÇáúÞóØøóÇäõ æóÚöíÓóì Èúäõ íõæäõÓó æóáóãú íõÐúßóÑú ÈöÌóÑúÍò "¡ æóÑóæóÇåõ ÇáúåóíúËóãöíøõ Ýöí " ãóÌúãóÚö ÇáÒøóæóÇÆöÏö " 5/222 æóÞóÇáó: " ÑóæóÇåõ ÃóÍúãóÏõ æóÑöÌóÇáõåõ ËöÞóÇÊñ "(8/352)
æóÚóäú ÝóÖóÇáóÉó Èúäö ÚõÈóíúÏò Úóäö ÇáäøóÈöíøö - Õóáøóì Çááøóåõ Úóáóíúåö æóÓóáøóãó -¡ ÞóÇáó: " «ËóáóÇËóÉñ áóÇ íõÓúÃóáõ Úóäúåõãú: ÑóÌõáñ ÝóÇÑóÞó ÇáúÌóãóÇÚóÉó¡ æóÚóÕóì ÅöãóÇãóåõ ÝóãóÇÊó ÚóÇÕöíðÇ. . .» " ÝóÐóßóÑó ÇáúÍóÏöíËó (1) .
æóÚóäú ÃóÈöí åõÑóíúÑóÉó - ÑóÖöíó Çááøóåõ Úóäúåõ - ÞóÇáó: ÞóÇáó ÑóÓõæáõ Çááøóåö - Õóáøóì Çááøóåõ Úóáóíúåö æóÓóáøóãó -: " «ÇáÕøóáóÇÉõ ÇáúãóßúÊõæÈóÉõ Åöáóì ÇáøóÊöí ÈóÚúÏóåóÇ ßóÝøóÇÑóÉñ áöãóÇ ÈóíúäóåõãóÇ¡ æóÇáúÌõãõÚóÉõ Åöáóì ÇáúÌõãúÚóÉö æóÇáÔøóåúÑõ Åöáóì ÇáÔøóåúÑö - íóÚúäöí ÑóãóÖóÇäó - ßóÝøóÇÑóÉñ áöãóÇ ÈóíúäóåõãóÇ "¡ ÞóÇáó ÈóÚúÏó Ðóáößó: " ÅöáøóÇ ãöäú ËóáóÇËò " ÝóÚóÑóÝúÊõ Ãóäøó Ðóáößó ãöäú ÃóãúÑò ÍóÏóËó ÝóÞóÇáó: " ÅöáøóÇ ãöäó ÇáúÅöÔúÑóÇßö ÈöÇááøóåö¡ æóäóßúËö ÇáÕøóÝúÞóÉö¡ æóÊóÑúßö ÇáÓøõäøóÉö¡ æóÃóäú ÊõÈóÇíöÚó ÑóÌõáðÇ Èöíóãöíäößó¡ Ëõãøó ÊõÎóÇáöÝó ÊóÞóÇÊöáóåõ ÈöÓóíúÝößó. æóÊóÑúßõ ÇáÓøõäøóÉö ÇáúÎõÑõæÌõ ãöäó ÇáúÌóãóÇÚóÉö» " (2) .
æóÚóäö ÇáäøõÚúãóÇäö Èúäö ÈóÔöíÑò ÞóÇáó: ÎóØóÈóäóÇ ÑóÓõæáõ Çááøóåö - Õóáøóì Çááøóåõ Úóáóíúåö æóÓóáøóãó - ÝóÞóÇáó: " «äóÖøóÑó Çááøóåõ æóÌúåó ÇãúÑöÆò ÓóãöÚó ãóÞóÇáóÊöí ÝóÍóãóáóåóÇ (3) ¡ ÝóÑõÈøó ÍóÇãöáö ÝóÞúåò
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(1) ÇáúÍóÏöíËõ Úóäú ÝóÖóÇáóÉó Èúäö ÚõÈóíúÏò - ÑóÖöíó Çááøóåõ Úóäúåõ - Ýöí " ÇáúãõÓúÊóÏúÑóßö 1/119. æóÞóÇáó ÇáúÍóÇßöãõ: " åóÐóÇ ÍóÏöíËñ ÕóÍöíÍñ Úóáóì ÔóÑúØö ÇáÔøóíúÎóíúäö ÝóÞóÏö ÇÍúÊóÌøóÇ ÈöÌóãöíÚö ÑõæóÇÊöåö æóáóãú íõÎóÑøöÌóÇåõ æóáóÇ ÃóÚúÑöÝõ áóåõ ÚöáøóÉð " æóæóÇÝóÞóåõ ÇáÐøóåóÈöíøõ
(2) ÇáúÍóÏöíËõ Úóäú ÃóÈöí åõÑóíúÑóÉó - ÑóÖöíó Çááøóåõ Úóäúåõ - Ýöí ÇáúãõÓúÊóÏúÑóßö 1/119 - 120 æóÝöíåö: " ÅöáøóÇ ãöäú ËóáóÇËò " ÝóÚóÑóÝúÊõ Ãóäøó Ðóáößó ãöäú ÃóãúÑò ÍóÏóËó¡ ÝóÞóÇáó: " ÅöáøóÇ ãöäó ÇáúÅöÔúÑóÇßö ÈöÇááøóåö æóäóßúËö ÇáÕøóÝúÞóÉö æóÊóÑúßö ÇáÓøõäøóÉö " ÞõáúÊõ: íóÇ ÑóÓõæáó Çááøóåö ÃóãøóÇ ÇáúÅöÔúÑóÇßõ ÈöÇááøóåö ÝóÞóÏú ÚóÑóÝúäóÇåõ¡ ÝóãóÇ äóßúËõ ÇáÕøóÝúÞóÉö æóÊóÑúßõ ÇáÓøõäøóÉö¿ ÞóÇáó: " ÃóãøóÇ äóßúËõ ÇáÕøóÝúÞóÉö: Ãóäú ÊõÈóÇíöÚó ÑóÌõáðÇ Èöíóãöíäößó¡ Ëõãøó ÊõÎóÇáöÝó Åöáóíúåö ÝóÊõÞóÇÈöáõåõ ÈöÓóíúÝößó¡ æóÃóãøóÇ ÊóÑúßõ ÇáÓøõäøóÉö ÝóÇáúÎõÑõæÌõ ãöäó ÇáúÌóãóÇÚóÉö ". Ëõãøó ÞóÇáó ÇáúÍóÇßöãõ: " åóÐóÇ ÍóÏöíËñ ÕóÍöíÍñ Úóáóì ÔóÑúØö ãõÓúáöãòº ÝóÞóÏö ÇÍúÊóÌøó ÈöÚóÈúÏö Çááøóåö Èúäö ÇáÓøóÇÆöÈö Èúäö ÃóÈöí ÇáÓøóÇÆöÈö ÇáúÃóäúÕóÇÑöíøö æóáóÇ ÃóÚúÑöÝõ áóåõ ÚöáøóÉð " æóæóÇÝóÞóåõ ÇáÐøóåóÈöíøõ
(3) ã: ÝóæóÚóÇåóÇ(8/353)
ÛóíúÑõ ÝóÞöíåò¡ æóÑõÈøó ÍóÇãöáö ÝöÞúåò Åöáóì ãóäú åõæó ÃóÝúÞóåõ ãöäúåõ. ËóáóÇËñ áóÇ íõÛóáøõ Úóáóíúåöäøó ÞóáúÈñ ãõÄúãöäñ: ÅöÎúáóÇÕõ ÇáúÚóãóáö áöáøóåö æóãõäóÇÕóÍóÉõ æõáóÇÉö ÇáúÃóãúÑö æóáõÒõæãõ ÌóãóÇÚóÉö ÇáúãõÓúáöãöíäó» " (1) Ñóæóì åóÐöåö ÇáúÃóÍóÇÏöíËó ÇáúÍóÇßöãõ Ýöí " ÇáúãõÓúÊóÏúÑóßö " æóÐóßóÑó ÃóäøóåóÇÚóáóì ÔóÑúØö ÇáÕøóÍöíÍö.
æóÐóáößó íóÞúÊóÖöí Ãóäøó ÇÌúÊöãóÇÚó ÇáúÃõãøóÉö áóÇ íóßõæäõ ÅöáøóÇ Úóáóì ÍóÞøò æóåõÏðì æóÕóæóÇÈò¡ æóÃóäøó ÃóÍóÞøó ÇáúÃõãøóÉö ÈöÐóáößó åõãú ÃóÕúÍóÇÈõ ÑóÓõæáö Çááøóåö - Õóáøóì Çááøóåõ Úóáóíúåö æóÓóáøóãó -¡ æóÐóáößó íóÞúÊóÖöí Ãóäøó ãóÇ ÝóÚóáõæåõ ãöäú ÎöáóÇÝóÉö ÇáÕøöÏøöíÞö ßóÇäó ÍóÞøðÇ æóåóÏðì æóÕóæóÇÈðÇ.
æóÃóíúÖðÇ ÝóÅöäøó ÇáÓøóáóÝó ßóÇäó íóÔúÊóÏøõ ÅöäúßóÇÑõåõãú Úóáóì ãóäú íõÎóÇáöÝõ ÇáúÅöÌúãóÇÚó¡ æóíóÚõÏøõæäóåõ ãöäú Ãóåúáö ÇáÒøóíúÛö æóÇáÖøóáóÇáö¡ Ýóáóæú ßóÇäó Ðóáößó ÔóÇÆöÚðÇ ÚöäúÏóåõãú áóãú íõäúßöÑõæåõ¡ æóßóÇäõæÇ íóäúßóÑõæäó Úóáóíúåö ÅöäúßóÇÑðÇ åõãú ÞóÇØöÚõæäó Èöåö áóÇ íõÓóæøöÛõæäó áöÃóÍóÏò Ãóäú íóÏóÚó ÇáúÅöäúßóÇÑó Úóáóíúåö ÝóÏóáøó Úóáóì Ãóäøó ÇáúÅöÌúãóÇÚó ÚöäúÏóåõãú ßóÇäó ãóÞúØõæÚðÇ Èöåö.
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(1) æóÑóÏó åóÐóÇ ÇáúÍóÏöíËõ - ãóÚó ÇÎúÊöáóÇÝò Ýöí ÇáúÃóáúÝóÇÙö - Úóäú ÚóÏóÏò ãöäó ÇáÕøóÍóÇÈóÉö ãöäúåõãú ÃóäóÓõ Èúäõ ãóÇáößò æóÒóíúÏõ Èúäõ ËóÇÈöÊò æóÌõÈóíúÑõ Èúäõ ãõØúÚöãò æóÚóÈúÏõ Çááøóåö Èúäõ ãóÓúÚõæÏò æóãõÚóÇÐõ Èúäõ ÌóÈóáò æóÃóÈõæ ÇáÏøóÑúÏóÇÁö - ÑóÖöíó Çááøóåõ Úóäúåõãú - Ýöí: Óõäóäö ÃóÈöí ÏóÇæõÏó 3/322 (ßöÊóÇÈõ ÇáúÚöáúãö¡ ÈóÇÈõ ÝóÖúáö äóÔúÑö ÇáúÚöáúãö) . Óõäóäö ÇáÊøöÑúãöÐöíøö 4/141 - 142 (ßöÊóÇÈõ ÇáúÚöáúãö¡ ÈóÇÈõ ãóäú ÈóáóÛó ÚöáúãðÇ) ¡ ÇáúãõÓúäóÏö (Ø. ÇáúÍóáóÈöíøö) 3/225 æóÇáúÍóÏöíËõ ÕóÍöíÍñ ÝóÞóÏú ÍóÓøóäó ÇáÊøöÑúãöÐöíøõ ÍóÏöíËó ÒóíúÏö Èúäö ËóÇÈöÊò¡ æóÞóÇáó Úóäú ÍóÏöíËö ÚóÈúÏö Çááøóåö Èúäö ãóÓúÚõæÏò: åóÐóÇ ÍóÏöíËñ ÍóÓóäñ ÕóÍöíÍñ " ßóãóÇ ÕóÍøóÍó ÇáúÃóáúÈóÇäöíøõ ÇáúÍóÏöíËó Ýöí " ÕóÍöíÍö ÇáúÌóÇãöÚö ÇáÕøóÛöíÑö " 6/30(8/354)
æóÇáúÚõÞõæáõ ÇáúãõÊóÈóÇíöäóÉõ áóÇ ÊóÊøóÝöÞõ Úóáóì ÇáúÞóØúÚö ãöäú ÛóíúÑö ÊóæóÇØõÄò æóáóÇ ÊóÔóÇÚõÑò¡ ÅöáøóÇ áöãóÇ íõæÌöÈõ ÇáúÞóØúÚó æóÅöáøóÇ Ýóáóæú áóãú íóßõäú åõäóÇßó ãóÇ íõæÌöÈõ ÇáúÞóØúÚó¡ Èóáú áóÇ íõæÌöÈõ ÇáÙøóäøó áóãú Êóßõäö ÇáØøóæóÇÆöÝõ ÇáúßóËöíÑóÉõ ãóÚó ÊóÈóÇíõäö åöãóãöåöãú æóÞóÑóÇÆöÍöåöãú æóÚóÏóãö ÊóæóÇØõÆöåöãú íóÞúØóÚõæäó Ýöí ãóæúÖöÚò áóÇ ÞóØúÚó Ýöíåö.
ÝóÚõáöãó Ãóäøóåõ ßóÇäó ÚöäúÏóåõãú ÃóÏöáøóÉñ ÞóØúÚöíøóÉñ ÊõæÌöÈõ ßóæúäó ÇáúÅöÌúãóÇÚö ÍõÌøóÉð íóÌöÈõ ÇÊøöÈóÇÚõåóÇ æóíóÍúÑõãõ ÎöáóÇÝõåóÇ.
æóÃóíúÖðÇ ÝóÅöäøó ÇáÓøõäøóÉó æóÇáÔøöíÚóÉó ÇÊøóÝóÞõæÇ Úóáóì Ãóäøóåõ ÅöÐóÇ ßóÇäó Úóáöíøñ ãóÚóåõãú ßóÇäó ÅöÌúãóÇÚõåõãú ÍõÌøóÉð. æóáóÇ íóÌõæÒõ Ãóäú íóßõæäó Ðóáößó áöÃóÌúáö ÚöÕúãóÉö Úóáöíøòº áöÃóäøó ÚöÕúãóÊóåõ áóãú ÊóËúÈõÊú ÅöáøóÇ ÈöÇáúÅöÌúãóÇÚö¡ ÝóÅöäøó ÚõãúÏóÊóåõãú Ýöí Ðóáößó ÇáúÅöÌúãóÇÚõ Úóáóì ÇäúÊöÝóÇÁö ÇáúÚöÕúãóÉö ãöäú ÛóíúÑöåö ÅöÐú áóíúÓó Ýöí ÇáäøóÕøö æóáóÇ ÇáúãóÚúÞõæáö ãóÇ íóäúÝöí ÇáúÚöÕúãóÉó Úóäú (1) ÛóíúÑöåö.
æóåóÐóÇ ãöãøóÇ íõÈóíøöäõ ÊóäóÇÞõÖó ÇáÑøóÇÝöÖóÉö¡ ÝóÅöäøó ÃóÕúáó Ïöíäöåöãú Èóäóæúåõ Úóáóì ÇáúÅöÌúãóÇÚö¡ Ëõãøó ÞóÏóÍõæÇ Ýöíåö æóÇáúÞóÏúÍõ Ýöíåö ÞóÏúÍñ Ýöí ÚöÕúãóÉö Úóáöíøò ÝóáóÇ íóÈúÞóì áóåõãú ãóÇ íóÚúÊóãöÏõæäó Úóáóíúåö æóåóÐóÇ ÔóÃúäõåõãú Ýöí ÚóÇãøóÉö ÃóÞúæóÇáöåöãõ ÇáøóÊöí íóäúÝóÑöÏõæäó ÈöåóÇ.
æóáöåóÐóÇ ÞóÇáó Ýöíåöãõ ÇáÔøóÚúÈöíøõ: " íóÃúÎõÐõæäó ÈöÃóÚúÌóÇÒò áóÇ ÕõÏõæÑó áóåóÇ " Ãóíú ÈöÝõÑõæÚò áóÇ ÃõÕõæáó áóåóÇ.
ÝóÅöäú ßóÇäó ÇáúÅöÌúãóÇÚõ áóíúÓó ÈöÍõÌøóÊöåöãú (2) áóãú ÊóËúÈõÊú ÚöÕúãóÊõåõ¡ æóÅöäú ßóÇäó ÍõÌøóÉð áóãú íóÍúÊóÌú Åöáóì ÚöÕúãóÊöåö¡ ÝóËóÈóÊó Ãóäøóåõ Úóáóì ÇáÊøóÞúÏöíÑóíúäö áóÇ íóÌõæÒõ Ãóäú íóßõæäó Þóæúáõåõãú
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(1) Ó¡ È: ãöäú
(2) È: áóíúÓó ÈöÍõÌøóÉò(8/355)
ÍõÌøóÉð áöÃóÌúáö Úóáöíøò¡ ÝóáóÒöãó Ãóäú íóßõæäó ÇáúÅöÌúãóÇÚõ ÍõÌøóÉð¡ (1) æóÅöáøóÇ áóÒöãó ÈõØúáóÇäõ Þóæúáö ÇáÓøõäøóÉö æóÇáÔøöíÚóÉö.
[ÝÕá ÞÇá ÇáÑÇÝÖí ÇáÅÌãÇÚ ÅãÇ Ãä íÚÊÈÑ Ýíå Þæá ßá ÇáÃãÉ æãÚáæã Ãäå áã íÍÕá æÇáÑÏ Úáíå]
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ÞóÇáó ÇáÑøóÇÝöÖöíøõ (2) : " æóÃóíúÖðÇ ÇáúÅöÌúãóÇÚõ ÅöãøóÇ Ãóäú íõÚúÊóÈóÑó Ýöíåö Þóæúáõ ßõáøö ÇáúÃõãøóÉö¡ æóãóÚúáõæãñ Ãóäøóåõ áóãú íóÍúÕõáú¡ Èóáú æóáóÇ ÅöÌúãóÇÚõ Ãóåúáö ÇáúãóÏöíäóÉö Ãóæú ÈóÚúÖöåöãú¡ æóÞóÏú ÃóÌúãóÚó ÃóßúËóÑõ ÇáäøóÇÓö Úóáóì ÞóÊúáö ÚõËúãóÇäó ".
æóÇáúÌóæóÇÈõ: Ãóäú íõÞóÇáó ÃóãøóÇ ÇáúÅöÌúãóÇÚõ Úóáóì ÇáúÅöãóÇãóÉö¡ ÝóÅöäú ÃõÑöíÏó Èöåö ÇáúÅöÌúãóÇÚõ ÇáøóÐöí íóäúÚóÞöÏõ Èöåö ÇáúÅöãóÇãóÉõ¡ ÝóåóÐóÇ íõÚúÊóÈóÑõ Ýöíåö ãõæóÇÝóÞóÉõ Ãóåúáö ÇáÔøóæúßóÉö ÈöÍóíúËõ íóßõæäõ ãõÊóãóßøöäðÇ Èöåöãú ãöäú ÊóäúÝöíÐö ãóÞóÇÕöÏö ÇáúÅöãóÇãóÉö ÍóÊøóì ÅöÐóÇ ßóÇäó ÑõÁõæÓõ ÇáÔøóæúßóÉö ÚóÏóÏðÇ ÞóáöíáðÇ¡ æóãóäú ÓöæóÇåõãú ãõæóÇÝöÞñ áóåõãú ÍóÕóáóÊö ÇáúÅöãóÇãóÉõ ÈöãõÈóÇíóÚóÊöåöãú áóåõ. åóÐóÇ åõæó ÇáÕøóæóÇÈõ ÇáøóÐöí Úóáóíúåö Ãóåúáõ ÇáÓøõäøóÉö æóåõæó ãóÐúåóÈõ ÇáúÃóÆöãøóÉö ßóÃóÍúãóÏó æóÛóíúÑöåö.
æóÃóãøóÇ Ãóåúáõ ÇáúßóáóÇãö ÝóÞóÏøóÑóåóÇ ßõáøñ ãöäúåõãú ÈöÚóÏóÏò¡ æóåöíó ÊóÞúÏöíÑóÇÊñ ÈóÇØöáóÉñ.
æóÅöäú ÃõÑöíÏó Èöåö ÇáúÅöÌúãóÇÚõ Úóáóì ÇáöÇÓúÊöÍúÞóÇÞö æóÇáúÃóæúáóæöíøóÉö¡ ÝóåóÐóÇ íõÚúÊóÈóÑõ Ýöíåö ÅöãøóÇ ÇáúÌóãöíÚõ æóÅöãøóÇ ÇáúÌõãúåõæÑõ æóåóÐöåö ÇáËøóáóÇËóÉõ ÍóÇÕöáóÉñ Ýöí ÎöáóÇÝóÉö ÃóÈöí ÈóßúÑò.
æóÃóãøóÇ ÚõËúãóÇäõ Ýóáóãú íóÊøóÝöÞú Úóáóì ÞóÊúáöåö ÅöáøóÇ ØóÇÆöÝóÉñ ÞóáöíáóÉñ¡ áóÇ íóÈúáõÛõæäó äöÕúÝó ÚõÔúÑö ÚõÔúÑö ÚõÔúÑö ÇáúÃõãøóÉöº ßóíúÝó æóÃóßúËóÑõ ÌóíúÔö Úóáöíøò æóÇáøóÐöíäó ÞóÇÊóáõæåõ æóÇáøóÐöíäó ÞóÚóÏõæÇ Úóäö ÇáúÞöÊóÇáö áóãú íóßõæäõæÇ ãöäú ÞóÊóáóÉö ÚõËúãóÇäó¿ æóÅöäøóãóÇ ßóÇäó ÞóÊóáóÉõ ÚõËúãóÇäó ÝöÑúÞóÉð íóÓöíÑóÉð ãöäú ÚóÓúßóÑö Úóáöíøò.
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(1) (1 - 1) : ÓóÇÞöØñ ãöäú (Ó) ¡ (È) .
(2) Ýöí " ß) Õ 198 (ã)(8/356)
æóÇáúÃõãøóÉõ ßóÇäõæÇ Ýöí ÎöáóÇÝóÉö ÚõËúãóÇäó ãöÆöí ÃõáõæÝò (1) ¡ æóÇáøóÐöíäó ÇÊøóÝóÞõæÇ Úóáóì ÞóÊúáöåö ÇáúÃóáúÝõ Ãóæú äóÍúæõåõãú¡ æóÞóÏú ÞóÇáó ÚóÈúÏõ Çááøóåö Èúäõ ÇáÒøõÈóíúÑö íóÚöíÈõ ÞóÊóáóÉó ÚõËúãóÇäó: " ÎóÑóÌõæÇ Úóáóíúåö ßóÇááøõÕõæÕö ãöäú æóÑóÇÁö ÇáúÞóÑúíóÉö¡ æóÞóÊóáóåõãõ Çááøóåõ ßõáøó ÞöÊúáóÉò¡ æóäóÌóÇ ãóäú äóÌóÇ ãöäúåõãú ÊóÍúÊó ÈõØõæäö ÇáúßóæóÇßöÈö ".
[ÝÕá ÞÇá ÇáÑÇÝÖí ßá æÇÍÏ ãä ÇáÃãÉ íÌæÒ Úáíå ÇáÎØà ÝÃí ÚÇÕã áåã Úä ÇáßÐÈ ÚäÏ ÇáÅÌãÇÚ æÇáÑÏ Úáíå]
ÝóÕúáñ
ÞóÇáó ÇáÑøóÇÝöÖöíøõ (2) : " æóÃóíúÖðÇ ßõáøõ æóÇÍöÏò ãöäó ÇáúÃõãøóÉö íóÌõæÒõ Úóáóíúåö ÇáúÎóØóÃõ¡ ÝóÃóíøõ ÚóÇÕöãò áóåõãú Úóäö ÇáúßóÐöÈö ÚöäúÏó ÇáúÅöÌúãóÇÚö¿ ".
æóÇáúÌóæóÇÈõ: Ãóäú íõÞóÇáó: ãöäó ÇáúãóÚúáõæãö Ãóäøó ÇáúÅöÌúãóÇÚó ÅöÐóÇ ÍóÕóáó [ÍóÕóáó áóåõ] ãöäó ÇáÕøöÝóÇÊö ãóÇ áóíúÓó áöáúÂÍóÇÏö (3) ¡ áóãú íóÌõÒú Ãóäú íóÌúÚóáó Íõßúãó ÇáúæóÇÍöÏö ÇáöÇÌúÊöãóÇÚó¡ ÝóÅöäøó ßõáøó æóÇÍöÏò ãöäó ÇáúãõÎúÈöÑöíäó íóÌõæÒõ Úóáóíúåö ÇáúÛóáóØõ æóÇáúßóÐöÈõ¡ ÝóÅöÐóÇ ÇäúÊóåóì ÇáúãõÎúÈöÑõæäó Åöáóì ÍóÏøö ÇáÊøóæóÇÊõÑö ÇãúÊóäóÚó Úóáóíúåöãõ ÇáúßóÐöÈõ æóÇáúÛóáóØõ.
æóßõáøõ æóÇÍöÏò ãöäó ÇááøõÞóãö æóÇáúÌõÑóÚö æóÇáúÃóÞúÏóÇÍö áóÇ íõÔúÈöÚõ æóáóÇ íóÑúæöí æóáóÇ íõÓúßöÑõº ÝóÅöÐóÇ ÇÌúÊóãóÚó ãöäú Ðóáößó ÚóÏóÏñ ßóËöíÑñ ÃóÔúÈóÚó æóÃóÑúæóì æóÃóÓúßóÑó¡ æóßõáøõ æóÇÍöÏò ãöäó ÇáäøóÇÓö áóÇ íóÞúÏöÑõ Úóáóì ÞöÊóÇáö ÇáúÚóÏõæøö ÝóÅöÐóÇ ÇÌúÊóãóÚó ØóÇÆöÝóÉñ ßóËöíÑóÉñ ÞóÏóÑõæÇ Úóáóì ÇáúÞöÊóÇáöº ÝóÇáúßóËúÑóÉõ (4) ÊõÄóËøöÑõ Ýöí ÒöíóÇÏóÉö ÇáúÞõæøóÉö æóÒöíóÇÏóÉö ÇáúÚöáúãö æóÛóíúÑöåöãóǺ æóáöåóÐóÇ ÞóÏú íõÎúØöÆõ
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(1) ä¡ ã: ãöÆöíäó ÃõáõæÝò
(2) Ýöí (ß) Õ 198 (ã)
(3) ÅöÐóÇ ÍóÕóáó ãöäó ÇáÕøöÝóÇÊö ãóÇ áóíúÓó áöáúÂÍóÇÏö¡ ã: ÅöÐóÇ ÍóÕóáó áóåõ ãóÇ áóíúÓó áöáúÂÍóÇÏö¡ Ó¡ È ÅöÐóÇ ÍóÕóáó ãöäó ÇáÕøöÝóÇÊö ãóÇ áóíúÓó ãöäú (È: Ýöí) ÇáúÂÍóÇÏö. æóáóÚóáøó ÇáÕøóæóÇÈó ãóÇ ÃóËúÈóÊóåõ
(4) ä¡ Ó¡ È: æóÇáúßóËúÑóÉõ(8/357)
ÇáúæóÇÍöÏõ æóÇáöÇËúäóÇäö Ýöí ãóÓóÇÆöáö ÇáúÍöÓóÇÈöº ÝóÅöÐóÇ ßóËõÑó ÇáúÚóÏóÏõ ÇãúÊóäóÚó Ðóáößó ÝöíãóÇ áóãú íóßõäú íóãúÊóäöÚõ Ýöí ÍóÇáö ÇáöÇäúÝöÑóÇÏö. æóäóÍúäõ äóÚúáóãõ ÈöÇáöÇÖúØöÑóÇÑö Ãóäøó Úöáúãó ÇáöÇËúäóíúäö ÃóßúËóÑõ ãöäú Úöáúãö ÃóÍóÏöåöãóÇ ÅöÐóÇ ÇäúÝóÑóÏó æóÞóæøóÊõåõãóÇ ÃóßúËóÑõ ãöäú ÞóæøóÊöåöº ÝóáóÇ íóáúÒóãõ ãöäú æõÞõæÚö ÇáúÎóØóÃö ÍóÇáó ÇáöÇäúÝöÑóÇÏö æõÞõæÚõåõ ÍóÇáó ÇáúßóËúÑóÉö.
ÞóÇáó ÊóÚóÇáóì: {Ãóäú ÊóÖöáøó ÅöÍúÏóÇåõãóÇ ÝóÊõÐóßøöÑó ÅöÍúÏóÇåõãóÇ ÇáúÃõÎúÑóì} [ÓõæÑóÉõ ÇáúÈóÞóÑóÉö: 282] .
æóÇáäøóÇÓõ Ýöí ÇáúÍöÓóÇÈö ÞóÏú íõÎúØöÆõ ÇáúæóÇÍöÏõ ãöäúåõãú æóáóÇ ÊõÎúØöÆõ ÇáúÌóãóÇÚóÉõ ßóÇáúåöáóÇáö ÝóÞóÏú íóÙõäøõåõ ÇáúæóÇÍöÏõ åöáóÇáðÇ æóáóíúÓó ßóÐóáößóº ÝóÃóãøóÇ ÇáúÚóÏóÏõ ÇáúßóËöíÑõ ÝóáóÇ íõÊóÕóæøóÑõ Ýöíåöãõ ÇáúÛóáóØõ.
æóäóÚúáóãõ Ãóäøó ÇáúãõÓúáöãöíäó ÅöÐóÇ ÇÌúÊóãóÚõæÇ æóßóËõÑõæÇ íóßõæäõ ÏóÇÚöíåöãú Åöáóì ÇáúÝóæóÇÍöÔö æóÇáÙøõáúãö ÃóÞóáøó ãöäú ÏóÇÚöíåöãú ÅöÐóÇ ßóÇäõæÇ ÞóáöíáðÇ ÝóÅöäøóåõãú Ýöí ÍóÇáö ÇáöÇÌúÊöãóÇÚö áóÇ íóÌúÊóãöÚõæäó Úóáóì ãõÎóÇáóÝóÉö ÔóÑóÇÆöÚö ÇáúÅöÓúáóÇãö ßóãóÇ íóÝúÚóáõåõ ÇáúæóÇÍöÏõ æóÇáöÇËúäóÇäöº ÝóÅöäøó ÇáöÇÌúÊöãóÇÚó æóÇáÊøóãóÏøõäó áóÇ íõãúßöäõ ÅöáøóÇ ãóÚó ÞóÇäõæäö ÚóÏúáöíøò ÝóáóÇ íõãúßöäõ Ãóåúáõ ãóÏöíäóÉò Ãóäú íóÌúÊóãöÚõæÇ Úóáóì ÅöÈóÇÍóÉö Ùõáúãö ÈóÚúÖöåöãú ÈóÚúÖðÇ ãõØúáóÞðÇ ; áöÃóäøóåõ áóÇ ÍóíóÇÉó áóåõãú ãóÚó Ðóáößó¡ Èóáú äóÌöÏõ ÇáúÃóãöíÑó ÅöÐóÇ Ùóáóãó ÈóÚúÖó ÇáÑøóÚöíøóÉö ÝóáóÇ ÈõÏøó Ãóäú íóßõæäó ÈóÚúÖõ ÃóÕúÍóÇÈöåö áóÇ íõÙúáóãõ Íöíäó íóÙúáöãõ ÇáÑøóÚöíøóÉó¡ æóãóÇ ÇÓúÊóæóæúÇ ßõáøõåõãú [Ýöíåö] (1) ÝóáóíúÓó Ýöíåö Ùõáúãñ ãöäú ÈóÚúÖöåöãú áöÈóÚúÖò æóãóÚúáõæãñ Ãóäøó ÇáúãóÌúãõæÚó ÞóÏú ÎóÇáóÝó Íõßúãõåõ Íõßúãó ÇáúÃóÝúÑóÇÏö ÓóæóÇÁñ ßóÇäó ÇÌúÊöãóÇÚó ÃóÚúíóÇäò Ãóæú ÃóÚúÑóÇÖò.
æóãöäó ÇáúÃóãúËóÇáö ÇáøóÊöí íóÖúÑöÈõåóÇ ÇáúãõØóÇÚõ áöÃóÕúÍóÇÈöåö: Ãóäøó ÇáÓøóåúãó ÇáúæóÇÍöÏó (2)
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(1) Ýöíåö: ÓóÇÞöØóÉñ ãöäú (ä) ¡ (Ó) ¡ (È)
(2) ÇáúæóÇÍöÏó: ÓóÇÞöØóÉñ ãöäú (Ó) ¡ (È)(8/358)
íõãúßöäõ ßóÓúÑõåõ¡ æóÅöÐóÇ ÇÌúÊóãóÚóÊö ÇáÓøöåóÇãõ áóãú (1) íõãúßöäú ßóÓúÑõåóÇ æóÇáúÅöäúÓóÇäõ ÞóÏú íóÛúáöÈõåõ ÚóÏõæøõåõ æóíóåúÒöãõåõ¡ ÝóÅöÐóÇ ÕóÇÑõæÇ ÚóÏóÏðÇ ßóËöíÑðÇ áóãú íõãúßöäú Ðóáößó¡ ßóãóÇ ßóÇäó íõãúßöäõåõ ÍóÇáó ÇáöÇäúÝöÑóÇÏö.
æóÃóíúÖðÇ ÝóÅöäú ßóÇäó ÇáúÅöÌúãóÇÚõ ÞóÏú íóßõæäõ ÎóØóÃðº áóãú íóËúÈõÊú Ãóäøó ÚóáöíøðÇ ãóÚúÕõæãñ ÝóÅöäøóåõ ÅöäøóãóÇ ÚõáöãóÊú ÚöÕúãóÊõåõ ÈöÇáúÅöÌúãóÇÚö Úóáóì Ãóäøóåõ áóÇ ãóÚúÕõæãó ÓöæóÇåõº ÝóÅöÐóÇ ÌóÇÒó ßóæúäõ ÇáúÅöÌúãóÇÚö ÃóÎúØóÃó (2) Ãóãúßóäó Ãóäú íóßõæäó Ýöí ÇáúÃõãøóÉö ãóÚúÕõæãñ ÛóíúÑõåõ æóÍöíäóÆöÐò ÝóáóÇ íõÚúáóãõ Ãóäøóåõ åõæó ÇáúãóÚúÕõæãõ.
ÝóÊóÈóíøóäó Ãóäøó ÞóÏúÍóåõãú Ýöí ÇáúÅöÌúãóÇÚö íõÈúØöáõ ÇáúÃóÕúáó ÇáøóÐöí ÇÚúÊóãóÏõæÇ Úóáóíúåö Ýöí ÅöãóÇãóÉö ÇáúãóÚúÕõæãö æóÅöÐóÇ ÈóØóáó Ãóäøóåõ ãóÚúÕõæãñ ÈóØóáó ÃóÕúáõ ãóÐúåóÈö ÇáÑøóÇÝöÖóÉöº ÝóÊóÈóíøóäó Ãóäøóåõãú Åöäú ÞóÏóÍõæÇ Ýöí ÇáúÅöÌúãóÇÚö ÈóØóáó ÃóÕúáõ ãóÐúåóÈöåöãú æóÅöäú ÓóáøóãõæÇ Ãóäøóåõ ÍõÌøóÉñ ÈóØóáó ãóÐúåóÈõåõãú ÝóÊóÈóíøóäó ÈõØúáóÇäõ ãóÐúåóÈöåöãú (3) Úóáóì ÇáÊøóÞúÏöíÑóíúäö.
[ÝÕá ÞÇá ÇáÑÇÝÖí áæ ÃÌãÚæÇ Úáì ÎáÇÝ ÇáäÕ Úáì Úáí áßÇä ÎØà ÚäÏåã æÇáÑÏ Úáíå]
ÝóÕúáñ.
ÞóÇáó ÇáÑøóÇÝöÖöíøõ (4) : " æóÞóÏú ÈóíøóäøóÇ ËõÈõæÊó ÇáäøóÕøö ÇáÏøóÇáøö Úóáóì ÅöãóÇãóÉö ÃóãöíÑö ÇáúãõÄúãöäöíäó Ýóáóæú ÃóÌúãóÚõæÇ Úóáóì ÎöáóÇÝöåö áóßóÇäó (5) ÎóØóÃð¡ áöÃóäøó ÇáúÅöÌúãóÇÚó ÇáúæóÇÞöÚó Úóáóì ÎöáóÇÝö ÇáäøóÕøö íóßõæäõ ÚöäúÏóåõãú ÎóØóÃð ".
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(1) È: áóÇ
(2) ã: ÎóØóÃð
(3) ä¡ Ó¡ È: ÍõÌøóÊöåöãú
(4) Ýöí (ß) Õ 198 (ã) .
(5) ß: ßóÇäó(8/359)
æóÇáúÌóæóÇÈõ ãöäú æõÌõæåò: ÃóÍóÏõåóÇ: Ãóäøóåõ ÞóÏú ÊóÞóÏøóãó ÈöÈóíóÇäö ÈõØúáóÇäö ßõáøö ãóÇ Ïóáøó Úóáóì Ãóäøóåõ ÅöãóÇãñ ÞóÈúáó ÇáËøóáóÇËóÉö.
ÇáËøóÇäöí: Ãóäøó ÇáäøõÕõæÕó ÅöäøóãóÇ ÏóáøóÊú Úóáóì ÎöáóÇÝóÉö ÇáËøóáóÇËóÉö ÞóÈúáóåõ.
ÇáËøóÇáöËõ: Ãóäú íõÞóÇáó: ÇáúÅöÌúãóÇÚõ ÇáúãóÚúáõæãõ ÍõÌøóÉñ ÞóØúÚöíøóÉñ áóÇ ÓóãúÚöíøóÉñ áóÇ ÓöíøóãóÇ ãóÚó ÇáäøõÕõæÕö ÇáúßóËöíÑóÉö ÇáúãõæóÇÝóÞóÉö áóåõº Ýóáóæú ÞõÏøöÑó æõÑõæÏõ ÎóÈóÑò íõÎóÇáöÝõ ÇáúÅöÌúãóÇÚó ßóÇäó ÈóÇØöáðǺ ÅöãøóÇ áößóæúäö ÇáÑøóÓõæáö áóãú íóÞõáúåõ æóÅöãøóÇ áößóæúäöåö áóÇ ÏóáóÇáóÉó Ýöíåö.
ÇáÑøóÇÈöÚõ: Ãóäøóåõ íóãúÊóäöÚõ ÊóÚóÇÑõÖõ ÇáäøóÕøö ÇáúãóÚúáõæãö æóÇáúÅöÌúãóÇÚö ÇáúãóÚúáõæãö (1) ¡ ÝóÅöäøó ßöáóíúåöãóÇ ÍõÌøóÉñ ÞóØúÚöíøóÉñ¡ æóÇáúÞóØúÚöíøóÇÊõ áóÇ íóÌõæÒõ ÊóÚóÇÑõÖõåóÇ áöæõÌõæÈö æõÌõæÏö ãóÏúáõæáóÇÊöåóÇ Ýóáóæú ÊóÚóÇÑóÖóÊú áóÒöãó ÇáúÌóãúÚõ Èóíúäó ÇáäøóÞöíÖóíúäö. æóßõáøõ ãóäö ÇÏøóÚóì ÅöÌúãóÇÚðÇ íõÎóÇáöÝõ äóÕøðÇ ÝóÃóÍóÏõ ÇáúÃóãúÑóíúäö áóÇÒöãñº ÅöãøóÇ ÈõØúáóÇäõ ÅöÌúãóÇÚöåö¡ æóÅöãøóÇ ÈõØúáóÇäõ äóÕøöåö æóßõáøõ äóÕøò ÇÌúÊóãóÚóÊú (2) ÇáúÃõãøóÉõ Úóáóì ÎöáóÇÝöåö ÝóÞóÏú Úõáöãó ÇáäøóÕøõ ÇáäøóÇÓöÎõ áóåõ.
æóÃóãøóÇ Ãóäú íóÈúÞóì (3) Ýöí ÇáúÃõãøóÉö äóÕøñ ãóÚúáõæãñ æóÇáúÅöÌúãóÇÚõ ãõÎóÇáöÝñ áóåõº ÝóåóÐóÇ ÛóíúÑõ æóÇÞöÚò æóÞóÏú Ïóáøó ÇáúÅöÌúãóÇÚõ ÇáúãóÚúáõæãõ æóÇáäøóÕøõ ÇáúãóÚúáõæãõ Úóáóì ÎöáóÇÝóÉö ÇáÕøöÏøöíÞö - ÑóÖöíó Çááøóåõ Úóäúåõ - æóÈõØúáóÇäö ÛóíúÑöåóÇ. æóäóÕøõ ÇáÑøóÇÝöÖóÉö ãöãøóÇ äóÍúäõ äóÚúáóãõ ßóÐöÈóåõ ÈöÇáöÇÖúØöÑóÇÑö æóÚóáóì ßóÐöÈöåö ÃóÏöáøóÉñ ßóËöíÑóÉñ.
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(1) ÇáúãóÚúáõæãö ÓóÇÞöØóÉñ ãöäú (Ó) ¡ (È)
(2) ã: ÃóÌúãóÚóÊú.
(3) Ó: íõäúÝóì¡ È: íõáúÝóì(8/360)
[ÝÕá Þæá ÇáÑÇÝÖí ÈÑÏ ÍÏíË ÇÞÊÏæÇ ÈÇáÐíä ãä ÈÚÏí ÃÈí ÈßÑ æÚãÑ æÇáÑÏ Úáíå]
ÝóÕúáñ.
ÞóÇáó ÇáÑøóÇÝöÖöíøõ (1) : " ÇáËøóÇäöí: ãóÇ Ñóæóæúåõ (2) Úóäö ÇáäøóÈöíøö - Õóáøóì Çááøóåõ Úóáóíúåö æóÓóáøóãó - Ãóäøóåõ ÞóÇáó: «ÇÞúÊóÏõæÇ ÈöÇááøóÐóíúäö ãöäú ÈóÚúÏöí ÃóÈöí ÈóßúÑò æóÚõãóÑó» . æóÇáúÌóæóÇÈõ: ÇáúãóäúÚõ ãöäó ÇáÑøöæóÇíóÉö æóãöäú ÏóáóÇáóÊöåóÇ Úóáóì ÇáúÅöãóÇãóÉöº ÝóÅöäøó (3) ÇáöÇÞúÊöÏóÇÁó ÈöÇáúÝõÞóåóÇÁö áóÇ íóÓúÊóáúÒöãõ ßóæúäóåõãú ÃóÆöãøóÉð¡ æóÃóíúÖðÇ ÝóÅöäøó ÃóÈóÇ ÈóßúÑò æóÚõãóÑó ÞóÏú (4) ÇÎúÊóáóÝóÇ Ýöí ßóËöíÑò ãöäó ÇáúÃóÍúßóÇãö ÝóáóÇ íõãúßöäõ ÇáöÇÞúÊöÏóÇÁõ ÈöåöãóÇ æóÃóíúÖðÇ ÝóÅöäøóåõ ãõÚóÇÑöÖñ áöãóÇ (5) Ñóæóæúåõ ãöäú Þóæúáöåö: " «ÃóÕúÍóÇÈöí ßóÇáäøõÌõæãö ÈöÃóíøöåõãõ ÇÞúÊóÏóíúÊõãõ ÇåúÊóÏóíúÊõãú ãóÚó ÅöÌúãóÇÚöåöãú Úóáóì ÇäúÊöÝóÇÁö ÅöãóÇãóÊöåöãú» ".
æóÇáúÌóæóÇÈõ ãöäú æõÌõæåò:
ÃóÍóÏõåóÇ: Ãóäú íõÞóÇáó: åóÐóÇ ÇáúÍóÏöíËõ ÈöÅöÌúãóÇÚö Ãóåúáö ÇáúÚöáúãö ÈöÇáúÍóÏöíËö ÃóÞúæóì ãöäó ÇáäøóÕøö ÇáøóÐöí íóÑúæõæäóåõ Ýöí ÅöãóÇãóÉö Úóáöíøòº ÝóÅöäøó åóÐóÇ ÃóãúÑñ ãóÚúÑõæÝñ Ýöí ßõÊõÈö Ãóåúáö ÇáúÍóÏöíËö ÇáúãõÚúÊóãöÏóÉö. æóÑóæóÇåõ ÃóÈõæ ÏóÇæõÏó Ýöí Óõäóäöåö¡ æóÃóÍúãóÏõ Ýöí ãõÓúäóÏöåö æóÇáÊøöÑúãöÐöíøõ Ýöí ÌóÇãöÚöåö (6) .
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(1) ß: Õ 198 (ã)
(2) ß: ãóÇ ÑóæóÇåõ ÇáúÌõãúåõæÑõ.
(3) ß: áöÃóäøó.
(4) ÞóÏú: áóíúÓóÊú Ýöí (ß) .
(5) ß: ÈöãóÇ
(6) ÓóÈóÞó åóÐóÇ ÇáúÍóÏöíËõ ÝöíãóÇ ãóÖóì 1/489.(8/361)
æóÃóãøóÇ ÇáäøóÕøõ Úóáóì Úóáöíøò ÝóáóíúÓó Ýöí ÔóíúÁò ãöäú ßõÊõÈö Ãóåúáö ÇáúÍóÏöíËö ÇáúãõÚúÊóãöÏóÉö æóÃóÌúãóÚó Ãóåúáõ ÇáúÍóÏöíËö Úóáóì ÈõØúáóÇäöåö ÍóÊøóì ÞóÇáó ÃóÈõæ ãõÍóãøóÏö Èúäõ ÍóÒúãò (1) : æóãóÇ æóÌóÏúäóÇ ÞóØøõ ÑöæóÇíóÉð Úóäú ÃóÍóÏò Ýöí åóÐóÇ ÇáäøóÕøö ÇáúãõÏøóÚóì ÅöáøóÇ ÑöæóÇíóÉð æóÇåöíóÉð Úóäú ãóÌúåõæáò Åöáóì ãóÌúåõæáò (2) íõßóäøóì ÃóÈóÇ ÇáúÍóãúÑóÇÁö áóÇ äóÚúÑöÝõ (3) ãóäú åõæó Ýöí ÇáúÎóáúÞö.
ÝóíõãúÊóäóÚõ Ãóäú íõÞúÏóÍó Ýöí åóÐóÇ ÇáúÍóÏöíËö ãóÚó ÊóÕúÍöíÍö ÇáäøóÕøö Úóáóì Úóáöíøò.
æóÃóãøóÇ ÇáÏøóáóÇáóÉõ ÝóÇáúÍõÌøóÉõ (4) Ýöí Þóæúáöåö: " «ÈöÇááøóÐóíúäö ãöäú ÈóÚúÏöí» " ÃóÎúÈóÑó ÃóäøóåõãóÇ ãöäú ÈóÚúÏöåö¡ æóÃóãóÑó ÈöÇáöÇÞúÊöÏóÇÁö ÈöåöãóÇ Ýóáóæú ßóÇäóÇ ÙóÇáöãóíúäö Ãóæú ßóÇÝöÑóíúäö (5) Ýöí ßóæúäöåöãóÇ ÈóÚúÏóåõ áóãú íóÃúãõÑú ÈöÇáöÇÞúÊöÏóÇÁö ÈöåöãóÇ ÝóÅöäøóåõ áóÇ íóÃúãõÑõ ÈöÇáöÇÞúÊöÏóÇÁö ÈöÇáÙøóÇáöãö¡ ÝóÅöäøó ÇáÙøóÇáöãó áóÇ íóßõæäõ ÞõÏúæóÉð íõÄúÊóãøõ Èöåö ÈöÏóáöíáö Þóæúáöåö: {áóÇ íóäóÇáõ ÚóåúÏöí ÇáÙøóÇáöãöíäó} [ÓõæÑóÉõ ÇáúÈóÞóÑóÉö: 124] ÝóÏóáøó Úóáóì Ãóäøó ÇáÙøóÇáöãó áóÇ íõÄúÊóãøõ Èöåö. æóÇáöÇÆúÊöãóÇãõ åõæó ÇáöÇÞúÊöÏóÇÁõº ÝóáóãøóÇ ÃóãóÑó ÈöÇáöÇÞúÊöÏóÇÁö Èöãóäú ÈóÚúÏóåõ æóÇáöÇÞúÊöÏóÇÁõ åõæó ÇáöÇÆúÊöãóÇãõ ãóÚó ÅöÎúÈóÇÑöåö ÃóäøóåõãóÇ íóßõæäóÇäö ÈóÚúÏóåõ Ïóáøó Úóáóì ÃóäøóåõãóÇ ÅöãóÇãóÇäö [ÞóÏú ÃõãöÑó ÈöÇáöÇÆúÊöãóÇãö ÈöåöãóÇ] (6) ÈóÚúÏóåõ¡ æóåóÐóÇ åõæó ÇáúãóØúáõæÈõ.
æóÃóãøóÇ Þóæúáõåõ: " ÇÎúÊóáóÝóÇ Ýöí ßóËöíÑò ãöäó ÇáúÃóÍúßóÇãö " ÝóáóíúÓó ÇáúÃóãúÑõ ßóÐóáößó¡ Èóáú
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(1) Ýöí ÇáúÝöÕóáö 4/161 - 162
(2) ÇáúÝöÕóáõ: Úóäú ãóÌúåõæáöíäó Åöáóì ãóÌúåõæáò.
(3) ÇáúÝöÕóáõ áóÇ íõÚúÑóÝõ (æóÇáúßóáöãóÉõ ÛóíúÑõ ãóäúÞõæØóÉò Ýöí (ã))
(4) ä¡ ã¡ Ó: ÈöÇáúÍõÌøóÉö. æóÇáúãõËúÈóÊõ ãöäú (È) .
(5) Ãóæú ßóÇÝöÑóíúäö: ÓóÇÞöØóÉñ ãöäú (È)
(6) ãóÇ Èóíúäó ÇáúãóÚúÞõæÝóÊóíúäö Ýöí (ã) ÝóÞóØú.(8/362)
áóÇ íóßóÇÏõ íõÚúÑóÝõ ÇÎúÊöáóÇÝõ ÃóÈöí ÈóßúÑò æóÚõãóÑó ÅöáøóÇ Ýöí ÇáÔøóíúÁö ÇáúíóÓöíÑö. æóÇáúÛóÇáöÈõ Ãóäú íóßõæäó Úóäú ÃóÍóÏöåöãóÇ Ýöíåö ÑöæóÇíóÊóÇäö ßóÇáúÌóÏøö ãóÚó ÇáúÅöÎúæóÉöº ÝóÅöäøó ÚõãóÑó Úóäúåõ Ýöíåö ÑöæóÇíóÊóÇäö ÅöÍúÏóÇåõãóÇ ßóÞóæúáö ÃóÈöí ÈóßúÑò.
æóÃóãøóÇ ÇÎúÊöáóÇÝõåõãóÇ Ýöí ÞöÓúãóÉö ÇáúÝóíúÁö: åóáú íõÓóæøóì Ýöíåö Èóíúäó ÇáäøóÇÓö¡ Ãóæú íõÝóÖøóáõ¿ ÝóÇáÊøóÓúæöíóÉõ ÌóÇÆöÒóÉñ ÈöáóÇ ÑóíúÈò¡ ßóãóÇ ßóÇäó ÇáäøóÈöíøõ - Õóáøóì Çááøóåõ Úóáóíúåö æóÓóáøóãó - íõÞóÓøöãõ ÇáúÝóíúÁó æóÇáúÛóäóÇÆöãó ÝóíõÓóæøóì Èóíúäó ÇáúÛóÇäöãöíäó æóãõÓúÊóÍóÞøöí ÇáúÝóíúÁö.
æóÇáäøöÒóÇÚõ Ýöí ÌóæóÇÒö ÇáÊøóÝúÖöíáö¡ æóÝöíåö áöáúÝõÞóåóÇÁö ÞóæúáóÇäö¡ åõãóÇ ÑöæóÇíóÊóÇäö Úóäú ÃóÍúãóÏó. æóÇáÕøóÍöíÍõ ÌóæóÇÒõåõ áöáúãóÕúáóÍóÉöº ÝóÅöäøó ÇáäøóÈöíøó - Õóáøóì Çááøóåõ Úóáóíúåö æóÓóáøóãó - ßóÇäó íõÝóÖøöáõ ÃóÍúíóÇäðÇ Ýöí ÞöÓúãóÉö ÇáúÛóäóÇÆöãö æóÇáúÝóíúÁö¡ æóßóÇäó íõÝóÖøöáõ ÇáÓøóÑöíøóÉó Ýöí ÇáúÈóÏúÃóÉö: ÇáÑøõÈúÚõ ÈóÚúÏó ÇáúÎõãõÓö¡ æóÝöí ÇáÑøóÌúÚóÉö: ÇáËøõáõËõ ÈóÚúÏó ÇáúÎõãõÓöº ÝóãóÇ ÝóÚóáóåõ ÇáúÎóáöíÝóÊóÇäö Ýóåõæó ÌóÇÆöÒñº ãóÚó Ãóäøóåõ ÞóÏú Ñóæóì Úóäú ÚõãóÑó Ãóäøóåõ ÇÎúÊóÇÑó Ýöí ÂÎöÑö ÚõãõÑöåö ÇáÊøóÓúæöíóÉó æóÞóÇáó áóÆöäú ÚöÔúÊõ Åöáóì ÞóÇÈöáò áóÃóÌúÚóáó ÇáäøóÇÓó ÈóÇÈðÇ (1) æóÇÍöÏðÇ ".
æóÑõæöíó Úóäú ÚõËúãóÇäó ÇáÊøóÝúÖöíáó æóÚóäú Úóáöíøò ÇáÊøóÓúæöíóÉóº æóãöËúáõ åóÐóÇ áóÇ íõÓóæøóÛõ Ýöíåö ÅöäúßóÇÑñ ÅöáøóÇ Ãóäú íõÞóÇáó: ÝóÖøóáó ãóäú áóÇ íóÓúÊóÍöÞøõ ÇáÊøóÝúÖöíáó ßóãóÇ ÃõäúßöÑó Úóáóì ÚõËúãóÇäó Ýöí ÈóÚúÖö ÞóÓúãöåöº æóÃóãøóÇ ÊóÝúÖöíáõ ÚõãóÑó ÝóãóÇ ÈóáóÛóäóÇ Ãóäøó ÃóÍóÏðÇ Ðóãøóåõ Ýöíåö.
æóÃóãøóÇ ÊóäóÇÒõÚõåõãóÇ Ýöí ÊóæúáöíóÉö ÎóÇáöÏò æóÚóÒúáöåö Ýóßõáøñ ãöäúåõãóÇ ÝóÚóáó ãóÇ ßóÇäó ÃóÕúáóÍóº ÝóßóÇäó ÇáúÃóÕúáóÍõ áöÃóÈöí ÈóßúÑò ÊóæúáöíóÉó ÎóÇáöÏòº áöÃóäøó ÃóÈóÇ ÈóßúÑò Ãóáúíóäõ ãöäú ÚõãóÑó¡ ÝóíóäúÈóÛöí áöäóÇÆöÈöåö Ãóäú íóßõæäó ÃóÞúæóì ãöäú äóÇÆöÈö ÚõãóÑó¡ ÝóßóÇäóÊö ÇÓúÊöäóÇÈóÉõ ÚõãóÑó áöÃóÈöí ÚõÈóíúÏóÉó [ÃóÕúáóÍó áóåõ] (2) æóÇÓúÊöäóÇÈóÉõ ÃóÈöí ÈóßúÑò áöÎóÇáöÏò ÃóÕúáóÍó áóåõ¡ æóäóÙóÇÆöÑõ åóÐóÇ ãõÊóÚóÏøöÏóÉñ.
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(1) ä¡ Ó¡ È: ÈóíóÇäðÇ
(2) ÃóÕúáóÍó áóåõ: ÒöíóÇÏóÉñ Ýöí (È) ÝóÞóØú.(8/363)
æóÃóãøóÇ ÇáúÃóÍúßóÇãõ ÇáøóÊöí åöíó ÔóÑóÇÆöÚõ ßõáøöíøóÉñ ÝóÇÎúÊöáóÇÝõåõãóÇ ÝöíåóÇ: ÅöãøóÇ äóÇÏöÑñ æóÅöãøóÇ ãóÚúÏõæãñ¡ æóÅöãøóÇ áöÃóÍóÏöåöãóÇ Ýöíåö ÞóæúáóÇäö.
æóÃóíúÖðÇ ÝóíõÞóÇáõ: ÇáäøóÕøõ íõæÌöÈõ ÇáöÇÞúÊöÏóÇÁó ÈöåöãóÇ ÝöíãóÇ ÇÊøóÝóÞóÇ Úóáóíúåö æóÝöíãóÇ ÇÎúÊóáóÝóÇ Ýöíåö ÝóÊóÓúæöíÛõ ßõáøò ãöäúåõãóÇ ÇáúãóÕöíÑõ Åöáóì Þóæúáö ÇáúÂÎóÑö ãõÊøóÝóÞñ Úóáóíúåö ÈóíúäóåõãóÇ ÝóÅöäøóåõãóÇ ÇÊøóÝóÞóÇ Úóáóì Ðóáößó.
æóÃóíúÖðÇ ÝóÅöÐóÇ ßóÇäó ÇáöÇÞúÊöÏóÇÁõ ÈöåöãóÇ íõæÌöÈõ ÇáöÇÆúÊöãóÇãó ÈöåöãóÇ ÝóØóÇÚóÉõ ßõáøò ãöäúåõãóÇ ÅöÐóÇ ßóÇäó ÅöãóÇãðÇ æóåóÐóÇ åõæó ÇáúãóÞúÕõæÏõ¡ æóÃóãøóÇ ÈóÚúÏõ ÒóæóÇáö ÅöãóÇãóÊöåö ÝóÇáöÇÞúÊöÏóÇÁõ ÈöåöãóÇ ÃóäøóåõãóÇ ÅöÐóÇ ÊóäóÇÒóÚóÇ ÑõÏøó ãóÇ ÊóäóÇÒóÚóÇ Ýöíåö Åöáóì Çááøóåö æóÇáÑøóÓõæáö.
æóÃóãøóÇ Þóæúáõåõ: " «ÃóÕúÍóÇÈöí ßóÇáäøõÌõæãö ÝóÈöÃóíøöåöãõ ÇÞúÊóÏóíúÊõãõ ÇåúÊóÏóíúÊõãú» "¡ ÝóåóÐóÇ ÇáúÍóÏöíËõ ÖóÚöíÝñ ÖóÚøóÝóåõ Ãóåúáõ (1) ÇáúÍóÏöíËöº ÞóÇáó ÇáúÈóÒøóÇÑõ: åóÐóÇ ÍóÏöíËñ áóÇ íóÕöÍøõ Úóäú ÑóÓõæáö Çááøóåö - Õóáøóì Çááøóåõ Úóáóíúåö æóÓóáøóãó -¡ æóáóíúÓó åõæó Ýöí ßõÊõÈö ÇáúÍóÏöíËö ÇáúãõÚúÊóãöÏóÉö (2) .
æóÃóíúÖðÇ ÝóáóíúÓó Ýöíåö áóÝúÙõ (ÈóÚúÏöí) æóÇáúÍõÌøóÉõ åõäóÇßó Þóæúáõåõ (ÈóÚúÏöí) .
æóÃóíúÖðÇ ÝóáóíúÓó Ýöíåö ÇáúÃóãúÑõ ÈöÇáöÇÞúÊöÏóÇÁö Èöåöãú æóåóÐóÇ Ýöíåö ÇáúÃóãúÑõ ÈöÇáöÇÞúÊöÏóÇÁö Èöåöãú.
[ÝÕá ÑÏ ÇáÑÇÝÖí áßËíÑ ããÇ æÑÏ Ýí ÝÖÇÆá ÃÈí ÈßÑ ÑÖí Çááå Úäå æÇáÑÏ Úáíå]
ÝóÕúáñ.
ÞóÇáó ÇáÑøóÇÝöÖöíøõ (3) : " ÇáËøóÇáöËõ ãóÇ æóÑóÏó Ýöíåö ãöäó ÇáúÝóÖóÇÆöáö ßóÂíóÉö (4)
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(1) ã: ÃóËóãóÉõ
(2) ÓóÈóÞó ÇáúßóáóÇãõ Úóáóì åóÐóÇ ÇáúÍóÏöíËö ÝöíãóÇ ãóÖóì
(3) Ýöí (ß) Õ 198 (ã) - 202 (ã) .
(4) ä¡ ã¡ Ó: ßóáóíúáóÉö.(8/364)
ÇáúÛóÇÑö æóÞóæúáöåö ÊóÚóÇáóì: {æóÓóíõÌóäøóÈõåóÇ ÇáúÃóÊúÞóì} [ÓõæÑóÉõ Çááøóíúáö: 17] ¡ æóÞóæúáõåõ: {Þõáú áöáúãõÎóáøóÝöíäó ãöäó ÇáúÃóÚúÑóÇÈö ÓóÊõÏúÚóæúäó Åöáóì Þóæúãò Ãõæáöí ÈóÃúÓò ÔóÏöíÏò} [ÓõæÑóÉõ ÇáúÝóÊúÍö: 16] æóÇáÏøóÇÚöí åõæó ÃóÈõæ ÈóßúÑò: æóßóÇäó ÃóäöíÓó ÑóÓõæáö Çááøóåö - Õóáøóì Çááøóåõ Úóáóíúåö æóÓóáøóãó - Ýöí ÇáúÚóÑöíÔö íóæúãó ÈóÏúÑò¡ æóÃóäúÝóÞó Úóáóì ÇáäøóÈöíøö - Õóáøóì Çááøóåõ Úóáóíúåö æóÓóáøóãó -¡ æóÊóÞóÏøóãó Ýöí ÇáÕøóáóÇÉö ".
ÞóÇáó (1) : " æóÇáúÌóæóÇÈõ Ãóäøóåõ áóÇ ÝóÖöíáóÉó áóåõ Ýöí ÇáúÛóÇÑö áöÌóæóÇÒö Ãóäú íóÓúÊóÕúÍöÈóåõ ÍóÐóÑðÇ ãöäúåõ áöÆóáøóÇ íóÙúåóÑó ÃóãúÑõåõ.
æóÃóíúÖðÇ ÝóÅöäøó ÇáúÂíóÉó ÊóÏõáøõ Úóáóì äóÞöíÖöåö (2) áöÞóæúáöåö: {áóÇ ÊóÍúÒóäú} ÝóÅöäøóåõ íóÏõáøõ Úóáóì ÎóæóÑöåö (3) æóÞöáøóÉö ÕóÈúÑöåö (4) ¡ æóÚóÏóãö íóÞöíäöåö ÈöÇááøóåö ÊóÚóÇáóì æóÚóÏóãö ÑöÖðÇ ÈöãõÓóÇæóÇÊöåö (5) ÇáäøóÈöíøó - Õóáøóì Çááøóåõ Úóáóíúåö æóÓóáøóãó - æóÈöÞóÖóÇÁö Çááøóåö æóÞóÏóÑöåö ; æóáöÃóäøó ÇáúÍõÒúäó Åöäú ßóÇäó ØóÇÚóÉð ÇÓúÊóÍóÇáó Ãóäú íóäúåóì Úóäúåõ ÇáäøóÈöíøõ - Õóáøóì Çááøóåõ Úóáóíúåö æóÓóáøóãó -¡ æóÅöäú ßóÇäó ãóÚúÕöíóÉð ßóÇäó ãóÇ ÇÏøóÚõæåõ ãöäó ÇáúÝóÖöíáóÉö ÑóÐöíáóÉð (6) .
æóÃóíúÖðÇ ÝóÅöäøó ÇáúÞõÑúÂäó ÍóíúËõ ÐóßóÑó ÅöäúÒóÇáó ÇáÓøößøöíäóÉö Úóáóì ÑóÓõæáö Çááøóåö
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(1) ÈóÚúÏó ßóáóÇãöåö ÇáÓøóÇÈöÞö ãõÈóÇÔóÑóÉð Õ 199 (ã)
(2) ß: Úóáóì äóÞúÕöåö.
(3) ä¡ Ó¡ È: Úóáóì ÎóæúÝöåö.
(4) ß: Úóáóì ÎóæóÑöåö æóäóÞúÕöåö æóÞöáøóÉö ÕóÈúÑöåö.
(5) ß: ÈöãõÓóÇæóÇÉö.
(6) ß: ßóÇäó ãóÇ ÇÏøóÚõæåõ ÝóÖöíáóÉð ÑóÐöíáóÉð.(8/365)
ÔóÑóßó (1) ãóÚóåõ ÇáúãõÄúãöäöíäó ÅöáøóÇ Ýöí åóÐóÇ ÇáúãóæúÖöÚö æóáóÇ äóÞúÕó (2) ÃóÚúÙóãõ ãöäúåõ.
æóÃóãøóÇ: {æóÓóíõÌóäøóÈõåóÇ ÇáúÃóÊúÞóì} ¡ ÝóÅöäøó (3) ÇáúãõÑóÇÏó «ÃóÈõæ ÇáÏøóÍúÏóÇÍö¡ ÍóíúËõ ÇÔúÊóÑóì äóÎúáóÉó ÔóÎúÕò áöÃóÌúáö ÌóÇÑöåö¡ æóÞóÏú ÚóÑóÖó (4) ÇáäøóÈöíøõ - Õóáøóì Çááøóåõ Úóáóíúåö æóÓóáøóãó - Úóáóì ÕóÇÍöÈö ÇáäøóÎúáóÉö äóÎúáóÉð Ýöí ÇáúÌóäøóÉö¡ ÝóÃóÈóì ÝóÓóãöÚó ÃóÈõæ ÇáÏøóÍúÏóÇÍö ÝóÇÔúÊóÑóÇåóÇ ÈöÈõÓúÊóÇäò áóåõ æóæóåóÈóåóÇ ÇáúÌóÇÑó (5) º ÝóÌóÚóáó ÇáäøóÈöíøõ - Õóáøóì Çááøóåõ Úóáóíúåö æóÓóáøóãó - ÚöæóÖóåóÇ áóåõ ÈõÓúÊóÇäðÇ Ýöí ÇáúÌóäøóÉö» (6) .
æóÃóãøóÇ Þóæúáõåõ ÊóÚóÇáóì: {Þõáú áöáúãõÎóáøóÝöíäó ãöäó ÇáúÃóÚúÑóÇÈö ÓóÊõÏúÚóæúäó Åöáóì Þóæúãò Ãõæáöí ÈóÃúÓò ÔóÏöíÏò} [ÓõæÑóÉõ ÇáúÝóÊúÍö: 16] (7) ¡ [íõÑöíÏõ ÓóäóÏúÚõæßõãú Åöáóì Þóæúãò] (8) ¡ ÝóÅöäøóåõ ÃóÑóÇÏó ÇáøóÐöíäó ÊóÎóáøóÝõæÇ Úóäö ÇáúÍõÏóíúÈöíóÉö. æóÇáúÊóãóÓó åóÄõáóÇÁö Ãóäú íóÎúÑõÌõæÇ Åöáóì ÛóäöíãóÉö ÎóíúÈóÑó ÝóãóäóÚóåõãõ Çááøóåõ ÊóÚóÇáóì ÈöÞóæúáöåö:
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(1) Ó¡ È: ÃóÔúÑóßó.
(2) Ó¡ È: æóáóÇ äóÞöíÖó
(3) ß: æóÃóãøóÇ Þóæúáõåõ ÊóÚóÇáöí: (æóÓóíõÌóäøöÈõåóÇ ÇáúÃóÊúÞóì ÇáøóÐöí) ÝóÅöäøó. . .
(4) ß: ÚóæøóÖó.
(5) ã: ÇáúÌóÇÑóÉó¡ ß: áöáúÌóÇÑö ÇáúÝóÞöíÑö
(6) ß: ÝóÌóÚóáó áóåõ ÑóÓõæáõ Çááøóåö - Õóáøóì Çááøóåõ Úóáóíúåö æóÓóáøóãó - æóÂáöåö ÈõÓúÊóÇäðÇ ÚöæóÖóåóÇ Ýöí ÇáúÌóäøóÉö.
(7) ß: æóÃóãøóÇ Þóæúáõåõ ÊóÚóÇáöí (ÓóíóÞõæáõ áóßó ÇáúãõÎóáøóÝõæäó ãöäó ÇáúÃóÚúÑóÇÈö ÓóÊõÏúÚóæúäó Åöáóì Þóæúãò Ãõæáöí ÈóÃúÓò ÔóÏöíÏò¡ æóåõæó ÎóØóÃñ. æóÚöÈóÇÑóÉõ " Åöáóì Þóæúãò Ãõæáöí ÈóÃúÓò ÔóÏöíÏò " Ýöí (ã) ÝóÞóØú¡ æóáóãú ÊóÑöÏú Ýöí (ä) ¡ (Ó) (È) .
(8) ãóÇ Èóíúäó ÇáúãóÚúÞõæÝóÊóíúäö Ýöí (Ó) ¡ (È) ÝóÞóØú.(8/366)
{Þõáú áóäú ÊóÊøóÈöÚõæäóÇ} [ÓõæÑóÉõ ÇáúÝóÊúÍö: 15] áöÃóäøóåõ ÊóÚóÇáóì ÌóÚóáó ÛóäöíãóÉó ÎóíúÈóÑó áöãóäú ÔóåöÏó ÇáúÍõÏóíúÈöíóÉó¡ Ëõãøó ÞóÇáó: {Þõáú áöáúãõÎóáøóÝöíäó ãöäó ÇáúÃóÚúÑóÇÈö ÓóÊõÏúÚóæúäó} [ÓõæÑóÉõ ÇáúÝóÊúÍö: 16] íõÑöíÏõ ÓóäóÏúÚõæßõãú (1) ÝöíãóÇ ÈóÚúÏõ Åöáóì ÞöÊóÇáö Þóæúãò Ãõæáöí ÈóÃúÓò ÔóÏöíÏò¡ æóÞóÏú ÏóÚóÇåõãú ÑóÓõæáõ Çááøóåö - Õóáøóì Çááøóåõ Úóáóíúåö æóÓóáøóãó - Åöáóì ÛóÒóæóÇÊò ßóËöíÑóÉò (2) : ßóãõÄúÊóÉó æóÍõäóíúäò¡ æóÊóÈõæßó¡ æóÛóíúÑöåöãóǺ ÝóßóÇäó (3) ÇáÏøóÇÚöí ÑóÓõæáó Çááøóåö - Õóáøóì Çááøóåõ Úóáóíúåö æóÓóáøóãó -.
æóÃóíúÖðÇ ÌóÇÒó Ãóäú íóßõæäó [Úóáöíøñ] åõæó ÇáÏøóÇÚöíó (4) ¡ ÍóíúËõ ÞóÇÊóáó ÇáäøóÇßöËöíäó æóÇáúÞóÇÓöØöíäó æóÇáúãóÇÑöÞöíäóº æóßóÇäó ÑõÌõæÚõåõãú Åöáóì ØóÇÚóÊöåö [ÅöÓúáóÇãðÇ] (5) áöÞóæúáöåö Úóáóíúåö ÇáÕøóáóÇÉõ æóÇáÓøóáóÇãõ: «íóÇ Úóáöíøõ ÍóÑúÈõßó ÍóÑúÈöí» ¡ æóÍóÑúÈõ ÑóÓõæáö Çááøóåö - Õóáøóì Çááøóåõ Úóáóíúåö æóÓóáøóãó - ßóÝúÑñ.
æóÃóãøóÇ ßóæúäõåõ ÃóäöíÓóåõ Ýöí ÇáúÚóÑöíÔö (6) íóæúãó ÈóÏúÑò ÝóáóÇ ÝóÖúáó Ýöíåöº áöÃóäøó ÇáäøóÈöíøó - Õóáøóì Çááøóåõ Úóáóíúåö æóÓóáøóãó - ßóÇäó ÃõäúÓõåõ ÈöÇááøóåö ÊóÚóÇáóì ãõÛúäöíðÇ áóåõ Úóäú ßõáøö ÃóäöíÓòº áóßöäú áóãøóÇ ÚóÑóÝó ÇáäøóÈöíøõ - Õóáøóì Çááøóåõ Úóáóíúåö æóÓóáøóãó - Ãóäøó ÃóãúÑóåõ
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(1) ß: (Õ 200 ã) íõÑöíÏõ Çááøóåõ ÊóÚóÇáöí: Ãóäøóåõ ÓóäóÏúÚõæßõãú. .
(2) ß: æóÞóÏú ÏóÚóÇåõãõ ÇáäøóÈöíøõ - Õóáøóì Çááøóåõ Úóáóíúåö æóÓóáøóãó - æóÂáöåö Åöáóì ÛóÒóÇÉò ßóËöíÑóÉò.
(3) ß: æóßóÇäó.
(4) ß: æóÃóíúÖðÇ ÌóÇÒó Ãóäú íóßõæäó Úóáöíøñ Úóáóíúåö ÇáÓøóáóÇãõ¡ ä¡ Ó: æóÃóíúÖðÇ ÌóÇÒó Ãóäú íóßõæäó åõæó ÇáÏøóÇÚöíó.
(5) ÅöÓúáóÇãðÇ: ÓóÇÞöØóÉñ ãöäú (ä) ¡ (Ó) ¡ (È) .
(6) ß: æóÃóãøóÇ ßóæúäõåõ ÃóäöíÓóåõ - Õóáøóì Çááøóåõ Úóáóíúåö æóÂáöåö - Ýöí ÇáúÚóÑöíÔö.(8/367)
áöÃóÈöí ÈóßúÑò ÈöÇáúÞöÊóÇáö (1) íõÄóÏøöí Åöáóì ÝóÓóÇÏö ÇáúÍóÇáö ÍóíúËõ åóÑóÈó ÚöÏøóÉó ãóÑøóÇÊò (2) Ýöí ÛóÒóæóÇÊöåö. æóÃóíøõãóÇ (3) ÃóÝúÖóáõ: ÇáúÞóÇÚöÏõ Úóäö ÇáúÞöÊóÇáö¡ Ãóæö ÇáúãõÌóÇåöÏõ (4) ÈöäóÝúÓöåö Ýöí (5) ÓóÈöíáö Çááøóåö¿ .
æóÃóãøóÇ ÅöäúÝóÇÞõåõ Úóáóì ÑóÓõæáö Çááøóåö - Õóáøóì Çááøóåõ Úóáóíúåö æóÓóáøóãó - ÝóßóÐöÈñ ; áöÃóäøóåõ áóãú íóßõäú ÐóÇ ãóÇáò¡ ÝóÅöäøó ÃóÈóÇåõ ßóÇäó ÝóÞöíÑðÇ Ýöí ÇáúÛóÇíóÉö¡ æóßóÇäó íõäóÇÏöí Úóáóì ãóÇÆöÏóÉö ÚóÈúÏö Çááøóåö Èúäö ÌõÏúÚóÇäó ÈöãõÏøò (6) ßõáøó íóæúãò (7) íóÞúÊóÇÊõ Èöåöº Ýóáóæú ßóÇäó ÃóÈõæ ÈóßúÑò ÛóäöíøðÇ áóßóÝóì ÃóÈóÇåõ. æóßóÇäó ÃóÈõæ ÈóßúÑò Ýöí ÇáúÌóÇåöáöíøóÉö ãõÚóáøöãðÇ áöáÕøöÈúíóÇäö æóÝöí ÇáúÅöÓúáóÇãö ßóÇäó ÎóíøóÇØðÇ (8) ¡ æóáóãøóÇ æóáöíó ÃóãúÑó ÇáúãõÓúáöãöíäó ãóäóÚóåõ ÇáäøóÇÓõ Úóäö ÇáúÎöíóÇØóÉö ÝóÞóÇáó: Åöäøöí ãõÍúÊóÇÌñ Åöáóì (9) ÇáúÞõæÊö ÝóÌóÚóáõæÇ áóåõ ßõáøó íóæúãò (10) ËóáóÇËóÉó ÏóÑóÇåöãó ãöäú ÈóíúÊö ÇáúãóÇáö (11) ¡ æóÇáäøóÈöíøõ - Õóáøóì
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(1) ß: ÃóãúÑóåõ ÃóÈóÇ ÈóßúÑò ÈöÇáúÞöÊóÇáö.
(2) ä¡ ã¡ Ó: ÍóíúËõ åóÑóÈó ÚóÏõæøõåõ ãóÑøóÇÊò¡ ß: ÍóíúËõ åóÑóÈó ÚöÏøóÉó ãóÑóÇÑóÉò. æóÇáúãõËúÈóÊõ ãöäú (È) .
(3) ä: æóÃóãøóÇ ã¡ Ó: æóÅöäøóãóÇ.
(4) ä¡ Ó: æóÇáúãõÌóÇåöÏõ
(5) ß: ÈöäóÝúÓöåö æóãóÇáöåö Ýöí. . .
(6) Ó¡ È: áöãõÏøò
(7) ß: Ýöí ßõáøö íóæúãò
(8) ß: ÎóíøóÇØðÇ¡ æóßõáøõ íóæúãò íóÎöíØõ ÈöÏöÑúåóãóíúäö Ãóæú æóÇÍöÏò. .
(9) ß: ãöäö ÇáúÎöíóÇØóÉö¡ ÝóÞóÇáó ÃóÈõæ ÈóßúÑò: Åöäøöí áóÃóÍúÊóÇÌõ Åöáóì. .
(10)) ä¡ Ó¡ È: Ýöí ßõáøö íóæúãò.
(11)) ß: ãöäú ÈóíúÊö ãóÇáö ÇáúãõÓúáöãöíäó.(8/368)
Çááøóåõ Úóáóíúåö æóÓóáøóãó - ßóÇäó ÞóÈúáó ÇáúåöÌúÑóÉö ÛóäöíøðÇ ÈöãóÇáö ÎóÏöíÌóÉó (1) ¡ æóáóãú íóÍúÊóÌú Åöáóì ÇáúÍóÑúÈö æóÊóÌúåöíÒö ÇáúÌõíõæÔö. æóÈóÚúÏó ÇáúåöÌúÑóÉö áóãú íóßõäú áöÃóÈöí ÈóßúÑò ÇáúÈóÊøóÉó ÔóíúÁñ (2) ¡ Ëõãøó áóæú ÃóäúÝóÞó áóæóÌóÈó Ãóäú íóäúÒöáó Ýöíåö ÞõÑúÂäñ¡ ßóãóÇ äóÒóáó Ýöí Úóáöíøò: {åóáú ÃóÊóì} [ÓõæÑóÉõ ÇáúÅöäúÓóÇäö: 1] .
æóãöäó ÇáúãóÚúáõæãö Ãóäøó ÇáäøóÈöíøó [- Õóáøóì Çááøóåõ Úóáóíúåö æóÓóáøóãó -] ÃóÔúÑóÝõ ãöäó ÇáøóÐöíäó (3) ÊóÕóÏøóÞó Úóáóíúåöãú ÃóãöíÑõ ÇáúãõÄúãöäöíäó¡ æóÇáúãóÇáó ÇáøóÐöí íóÏøóÚõæäó ÅöäúÝóÇÞóåõ ÃóßúËóÑõ (4) ¡ ÝóÍóíúËõ áóãú íóäúÒöáú Ýöíåö ÞõÑúÂäñº Ïóáøó (5) Úóáóì ßóÐöÈö ÇáäøóÞúáö.
æóÃóãøóÇ ÊóÞúÏöíãõåõ Ýöí ÇáÕøóáóÇÉö (6) ÝóÎóØóÃñº áöÃóäøó ÈöáóÇáðÇ áóãøóÇ ÃóÐøóäó ÈöÇáÕøóáóÇÉö ÃóãóÑóÊúåõ ÚóÇÆöÔóÉõ Ãóäú íõÞóÏøöãó ÃóÈóÇ ÈóßúÑò¡ æóáóãøóÇ ÃóÝóÇÞó ÇáäøóÈöíøõ - Õóáøóì Çááøóåõ Úóáóíúåö æóÓóáøóãó - ÓóãöÚó ÇáÊøóßúÈöíÑó ÝóÞóÇáó: ãóäú íõÕóáøöí (7) ÈöÇáäøóÇÓö¿ ÝóÞóÇáõæÇ: ÃóÈõæ ÈóßúÑò¡
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(1) ß: ãöäú ãóÇáö ÎóÏöíÌóÉó - ÚóáóíúåóÇ ÇáÓøóáóÇãõ -.
(2) ß (Õ 201 ã) : áöÃóÈöí ÈóßúÑò ÔóíúÁñ ÇáúÈóÊøóÉó Úóáóì ÍóÇáò ãöäó ÇáúÃóÍúæóÇáö.
(3) ß: Ãóäøó ÇáäøóÈöíøó - Õóáøóì Çááøóåõ Úóáóíúåö æóÓóáøóãó - æóÂáöåö ßóÇäó ÃóÔúÑóÝó ãöäó ÇáøóÐöíäó. . . " Õóáøóì Çááøóåõ Úóáóíúåö æóÓóáøóãó " Ýöí (ã) ÝóÞóØú
(4) ß: ßóÇäó ÃóßúËóÑó. .
(5) ß: áóãú íóäúÒöáú ÔóíúÁñ Ïóáøó. .
(6) ß: ÈöÇáÕøóáóÇÉö.
(7) ß: áöáÕøóáóÇÉö ÃóãóÑóÊú ÚóÇÆöÔóÉõ Ãóäú íõÞóÏøóãó ÃóÈõæåóÇ¡ æóÑóÓõæáõ Çááøóåö - Õóáøóì Çááøóåõ Úóáóíúåö æóÓóáøóãó - æóÂáöåö Ýöí ÍóÇáö ÇáúãóÑóÖö ÇáÔøóÏöíÏö¡ æóÇáÕøóÍóÇÈóÉõ Ýöí ÇáúãóÓúÌöÏö¡ æóÓóãöÚõæÇ ÍóÇáó ÇáäøóÈöíøö - Õóáøóì Çááøóåõ Úóáóíúåö æóÓóáøóãó -¡ Ýóßõáøõåõãú ÍõÒúäñ æóÈõßóÇÁñ ÛóÑúæó ÈõßóÇÁò¡ æóÝóÇÊó ÇáÕøóáóÇÉõ¡ ÝóáóãøóÇ ÃóÝóÇÞó ÇáäøóÈöíøõ - Õóáøóì Çááøóåõ Úóáóíúåö æóÂáöåö - ÓóãöÚó ÇáÊøóßúÈöíÑó ãöäó ÇáÕøóÍóÇÈóÉö¡ æóÓóãöÚó Þóæúáó ÚóÇÆöÔóÉó æóÞóæúáó ÍóÝúÕóÉó áöÃóÈöíåóÇ ÚõãóÑó æóÊóÔóæøóÔó ÇáúÃóÍúæóÇáõ æóÊóÝóÑøóÞó ÇáúÞóæúãõ¡ ÓóÃóáó: ãóäú íõÕóáøöí. . .(8/369)
ÝóÞóÇáó (1) : ÃóÎúÑóÌõæäöí ÝóÎóÑóÌó Èóíúäó Úóáöíøò æóÇáúÚóÈøóÇÓö ÝóäóÍøóÇåõ (2) Úóäö ÇáúÞöÈúáóÉö æóÚóÒóáóåõ Úóäö ÇáÕøóáóÇÉö (3) æóÊóæóáøóì åõæó ÇáÕøóáóÇÉó (4) ".
ÞóÇáó ÇáÑøóÇÝöÖöíøõ: " ÝóåóÐöåö ÍóÇáñ (5) ÃóÏöáøóÉö ÇáúÞóæúãö (6) ¡ ÝóáúíóäúÙõÑö ÇáúÚóÇÞöáõ ÈöÚóíúäö ÇáúÅöäúÕóÇÝö æóáöíóÞúÕöÏö ÇÊøöÈóÇÚó ÇáúÍóÞøö (7) Ïõæäó ÇÊøöÈóÇÚö Çáúåóæóì¡ æóíóÊúÑõßú ÊóÞúáöíÏó ÇáúÂÈóÇÁö æóÇáúÃóÌúÏóÇÏöº ÝóÞóÏú äóåóì Çááøóåõ ÊóÚóÇáóì [Ýöí ßöÊóÇÈöåö] (8) Úóäú Ðóáößó æóáóÇ Êõáúåöíåö ÇáÏøõäúíóÇ Úóäú ÅöíÕóÇáö ÇáúÍóÞøö [Åöáóì] (9) ãõÓúÊóÍöÞøöåö¡ æóáóÇ
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(1) ÝóÞóÇáó - Õóáøóì Çááøóåõ Úóáóíúåö æóÓóáøóãó -. .
(2) ß: æóÇáúÚóÈøóÇÓö¡ æóÐóåóÈó Åöáóì ÇáúãóÓúÌöÏö ÝóÑóÃóì ÃóÈóÇ ÈóßúÑò Ýöí ÇáúãöÍúÑóÇÈö ÝóäóÍøóÇåõ.
(3) Úóäö ÇáÕøóáóÇÉö: ÓóÇÞöØóÉñ ãöäú (ß)
(4) ã: åõæó - Õóáøóì Çááøóåõ Úóáóíúåö æóÓóáøóãó - ÇáÕøóáóÇÉó ÈöäóÝúÓöåö.
(5) ÇÎúÊóÕóÑó ÇÈúäõ ÊóíúãöíøóÉó ÓõØõæÑðÇ ÚóÏöíÏóÉð ãöäú (ß) Ýöí åóÐóÇ ÇáúãóæúÖöÚö åöíó: " ÇáÕøóáóÇÉõ¿ æóÕóáøóì ÈöÇáäøóÇÓö ÎóÝöíÝðÇ æóÕóÚöÏó ÇáúãöäúÈóÑó æóÎóØóÈó ãõÎúÊóÕóÑðÇ áöÃóäøóåõ ÛóáóÈó Úóáóíúåö ÇáúãóÑóÖõ¡ æóÈóÚúÏó Ðóáößó ØóáóÈó ÇáöÇÓúÊöÍúáóÇáó ãöäó ÇáÕøóÍóÇÈóÉö Ýöí ÇáúÞóæúáö æóÇáúÝöÚúáö¡ æóæóÏøóÚóåõãú æóäóÕóÍóåõãú¡ æóÇÓúÊóæúÕóì áöÚóáöíøò æóÇáúÍóÓóäö æóÇáúÍõÓóíúäö Úóáóíúåöãõ ÇáÓøóáóÇãõ¡ æóÃóæúÏóÚóåõãú Åöáóíúåö¡ æóäóÒóáó ãöäö ÇáúãöäúÈóÑö¡ æóäóÇãó Úóáóì ÝöÑóÇÔö ÇáúãóæúÊö¡ æóÏóÚóÇ ÚóáöíøðÇ Úóáóíúåö ÇáÓøóáóÇãõ¡ æóæóÕøóì áóåõ ãöäú ßõáøö äóæúÚò¡ æóÒóÞøóåõ ãöäó ÇáúÚõáõæãö¡ æóÃóæúÕóì ÈöÇáÕøóÈúÑö ÈóÚúÏóåõ Úóáóì ãóÇ ÝóÚóáó ÇáúÞóæúãõ Úóáóíúåö¡ æóÐóßóÑó ÃóÍúæóÇáó ÇáÔøõíõæÎö æóãõÎóÇáóÝóÊóåõãú¡ æóÞóÇáó: ÇäúÙõÑú ÍóÊøóì áóãú íóßõäú ÈöÇáÓøóíúÝö Èóíúäóåõãõ Çááøóåõ Úóáóì ÅöåúÑóÇÞö ÏöãóÇÆöåöãú ÈöÞóÏúÑö ÇáúãóÍóÌøóÉö¡ áöÃóäøó Ðóáößó ÒöíóÇÏóÉõ ÝóÓóÇÏò Èóíúäóåõãú¡ æóáóÇ íóÒöíÏõ ÇáúãõÞóÇÊóáóÉõ ãóÚóåõãú ÅöáøóÇ ÒöíóÇÏóÉó ÇáúÎõÕõæãóÉö¡ æóÇäúÍöØóÇØõ ÇáÏøöíäö æóÇáúÅöÓúáóÇãö¡ Ýóßõäú áóåõ æóáöÃóæúáóÇÏöåö æóÃóÕúÍóÇÈöåö ÍöÕúäðÇ æóÍöãóÇíóÉð ãöäö ÇáúÝöÊóäöº æóãóÇ æóÞóÚó ãöäúåõãú¡ æóáóÇ Êóßõäú áöÅöÕúáóÇÍö ÇáúãõÓúáöãöíäó æóÇáúÃóíúÊóÇãö æóÇáúÃóÑóÇãöáö æóÃóÏóÇÁö ÇáúÝóÑóÇÆöÖö æóÇáäøóæóÇÝöáö - ÝóåóÐóÇ ÍóÇáõ. . . ".
(6) ß (Õ 202 ã) : ÃóÏöáøóÉö åóÄõáóÇÁö.
(7) ß: ÇáúÅöäúÕóÇÝö ãóÇ ÝóÚóáõæÇ ÈóÚúÏóåõ¡ æóãóÇ åóÊóßõæÇ ÃóÓúÊóÇÑó ÇáÏøöíäö¡ æóíóÞúÕöÏú ØóáóÈó ÇáúÍóÞøö¡ ã: ÇáúÅöäúÕóÇÝö æóáöíõÝóÖøöáö ÇÊøöÈóÇÚó ÇáúÍóÞøö.
(8) Ýöí ßöÊóÇÈöåö: ÓóÇÞöØóÉñ ãöäú (ä) ¡ (Ó) ¡ (È)
(9) Åöáóì: ÓóÇÞöØóÉñ ãöäú (ä) ¡ (Ó) ¡ (È) .(8/370)
íóãúäóÚö ÇáúãõÓúÊóÍöÞøó Úóäú ÍóÞøöåö (1) ¡ ÝóåóÐóÇ ÂÎöÑõ ãóÇ ÃóÑóÏúäóÇ (2) ÅöËúÈóÇÊóåõ Ýöí åóÐöåö ÇáúãõÞóÏøöãóÉö (3) .
æóÇáúÌóæóÇÈõ Ãóäú íõÞóÇáó: Ýöí åóÐóÇ ÇáúßóáóÇãö ãöäó ÇáúÃóßóÇÐöíÈö æóÇáúÈõåúÊö æóÇáúÝöÑúíóÉö ãóÇ áóÇ íõÚúÑóÝõ ãöËúáõåõ áöØóÇÆöÝóÉò ãöäú ØóæóÇÆöÝö ÇáúãõÓúáöãöíäó¡ æóáóÇ ÑóíúÈó Ãóäøó ÇáÑøóÇÝöÖóÉó Ýöíåöãú ÔóÈóåñ Þóæöíøñ ãöäó ÇáúíóåõæÏöº ÝóÅöäøóåõãú Þóæúãõ ÈõåúÊò íõÑöíÏõæäó Ãóäú íõØúÝöÆõæÇ äõæÑó Çááøóåö ÈöÃóÝúæóÇåöåöãú¡ æóíóÃúÈóì Çááøóåõ ÅöáøóÇ Ãóäú íõÊöãøó äõæÑóåõ æóáóæú ßóÑöåó ÇáúßóÇÝöÑõæäó.
æóÙõåõæÑõ ÝóÖóÇÆöáö ÔóíúÎóíö ÇáúÅöÓúáóÇãö: ÃóÈöí ÈóßúÑò æóÚõãóÑó ÃóÙúåóÑõ ÈößóËöíÑò ÚöäúÏó ßõáøö ÚóÇÞöáò ãöäú ÝóÖúáö ÛóíúÑöåöãóǺ ÝóíõÑöíÏõ åóÄõáóÇÁö ÇáÑøóÇÝöÖóÉõ ÞóáúÈó ÇáúÍóÞóÇÆöÞö¡ æóáóåõãú äóÕöíÈñ ãöäú Þóæúáöåö ÊóÚóÇáóì: {Ýóãóäú ÃóÙúáóãõ ãöãøóäú ßóÐóÈó Úóáóì Çááøóåö æóßóÐøóÈó ÈöÇáÕøöÏúÞö ÅöÐú ÌóÇÁóåõ} [ÓõæÑóÉõ ÇáÒøõãóÑö: 32] ¡ {Ýóãóäú ÃóÙúáóãõ ãöãøóäö ÇÝúÊóÑóì Úóáóì Çááøóåö ßóÐöÈðÇ Ãóæú ßóÐøóÈó ÈöÂíóÇÊöåö Åöäøóåõ áóÇ íõÝúáöÍõ ÇáúãõÌúÑöãõæäó} [ÓõæÑóÉõ íõæäõÓó: 17] æóäóÍúæö åóÐöåö ÇáúÂíóÇÊö.
ÝóÅöäøó (4) ÇáúÞóæúãó ãöäú ÃóÚúÙóãö ÇáúÝöÑóÞö ÊóßúÐöíÈðÇ ÈöÇáúÍóÞøö æóÊóÕúÏöíÞðÇ ÈöÇáúßóÐöÈöº æóáóíúÓó Ýöí ÇáúÃõãøóÉö ãóäú íõãóÇËöáõåõãú Ýöí Ðóáößó.
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(1) ß: æóáóÇ íóãúäóÚú Úóäö ÇáúãõÓúÊóÍöÞøö ÍóÞøóåõ.
(2) ä¡ ã¡ Ó: ÃóæúÑóÏúäóÇ.
(3) ß: Ýöí åóÐöåö ÇáÑøöÓóÇáóÉö. æóÈóÚúÏó ßóáöãóÉö ÇáÑøöÓóÇáóÉö íõæÌóÏõ Ýöí (ß) ÇáúßóáóÇãõ ÇáÊøóÇáöí: " æóÇáúÍóãúÏõ áöáøóåö ÑóÈøö ÇáúÚóÇáóãöíäó¡ æóÕóáøóì Çááøóåõ Úóáóì ãõÍóãøóÏò æóÂáöåö ÇáØøóÇåöÑöíäó ÇáúãóÍúÌõæÈöíäó ßóÇáÔøóãúÓö Èóíúäó ÇáúÈöÍóÇÑö æóÇáúÈóÏúÑö ãöäó ÇáúÃóÍúÓóÇÈö.
(4) Ó¡ È: æóÅöäøó.(8/371)
ÃóãøóÇ Þóæúáõåõ: " áóÇ ÝóÖöíáóÉó Ýöí ÇáúÛóÇÑö ".
ÝóÇáúÌóæóÇÈõ: Ãóäøó ÇáúÝóÖöíáóÉó Ýöí ÇáúÛóÇÑö ÙóÇåöÑóÉñ ÈöäóÕøö ÇáúÞõÑúÂäö áöÞóæúáöåö ÊóÚóÇáóì: {ÅöÐú íóÞõæáõ áöÕóÇÍöÈöåö áóÇ ÊóÍúÒóäú Åöäøó Çááøóåó ãóÚóäóÇ} [ÓõæÑóÉõ ÇáÊøóæúÈóÉö: 40] ÝóÃóÎúÈóÑó ÇáÑøóÓõæáõ [- Õóáøóì Çááøóåõ Úóáóíúåö æóÓóáøóãó -] (1) Ãóäøó Çááøóåó ãóÚóåõ æóãóÚó ÕóÇÍöÈöåö ßóãóÇ ÞóÇáó áöãõæÓóì æóåóÇÑõæäó: {Åöäøóäöí ãóÚóßõãóÇ ÃóÓúãóÚõ æóÃóÑóì} [ÓõæÑóÉõ Øå: 46] .
æóÞóÏú ÃóÎúÑóÌóÇ (2) Ýöí ÇáÕøóÍöíÍóíúäö ãöäú ÍóÏöíËö ÃóäóÓò Úóäú ÃóÈöí ÈóßúÑö ÇáÕøöÏøöíÞö - ÑóÖöíó Çááøóåõ Úóäúåõ -¡ ÞóÇáó «äóÙóÑúÊõ Åöáóì ÅöÞúÏóÇãö ÇáúãõÔúÑößöíäó Úóáóì ÑõÄõæÓöäóÇ æóäóÍúäõ Ýöí ÇáúÛóÇÑö¡ ÝóÞõáúÊõ: íóÇ ÑóÓõæáó Çááøóåö áóæú Ãóäøó ÃóÍóÏóåõãú äóÙóÑó Åöáóì ÞóÏóãóíúåö áóÃóÈúÕóÑóäóÇ ÝóÞóÇáó: " íóÇ ÃóÈóÇ ÈóßúÑò ãóÇ Ùóäøõßó ÈöÇËúäóíúäö Çááøóåõ ËóÇáöËõåõãóÇ» " (3) .
æóåóÐóÇ ÇáúÍóÏöíËõ ãóÚó ßóæúäöåö ãöãøóÇ ÇÊøóÝóÞó Ãóåúáõ ÇáúÚöáúãö ÈöÇáúÍóÏöíËö Úóáóì ÕöÍøóÊöåö æóÊóáóÞøöíåö ÈöÇáúÞóÈõæáö æóÇáÊøóÕúÏöíÞö Ýóáóãú íóÎúÊóáöÝú Ýöí Ðóáößó ÇËúäóÇäö ãöäúåõãú¡ Ýóåõæó ãöãøóÇ Ïóáøó ÇáúÞõÑúÂäõ Úóáóì ãóÚúäóÇåõ íóÞõæáõ: {ÅöÐú íóÞõæáõ áöÕóÇÍöÈöåö áóÇ ÊóÍúÒóäú Åöäøó Çááøóåó ãóÚóäóÇ} [ÓõæÑóÉõ ÇáÊøóæúÈóÉö: 40] .
æóÇáúãóÚöíøóÉõ Ýöí ßöÊóÇÈö Çááøóåö Úóáóì æóÌúåóíúäö: ÚóÇãøóÉñ æóÎóÇÕøóÉñº ÝóÇáúÚóÇãøóÉõ ßóÞóæúáöåö ÊóÚóÇáóì:
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(1) - Õóáøóì Çááøóåõ Úóáóíúåö æóÓóáøóãó -: ÒöíóÇÏóÉñ Ýöí (ã)
(2) ä¡ Ó¡ È: ÃóÎúÑóÌóÇåõ
(3) ÇáúÍóÏöíËõ Úóäú ÃóäóÓö Èúäö ãóÇáößò - ÑóÖöíó Çááøóåõ Úóäúåõ - Ýöí: ÇáúÈõÎóÇÑöíøö 5/4 (ßöÊóÇÈõ ÝóÖóÇÆöáö ÃóÕúÍóÇÈö ÇáäøóÈöíøö. . . ÈóÇÈõ ãóäóÇÞöÈö ÇáúãõåóÇÌöÑöíäó æóÝóÖúáöåöãú ãöäúåõãú ÃóÈõæ ÈóßúÑò. . .) ¡ ãõÓúáöãñ 4/1854 (ßöÊóÇÈõ ÝóÖóÇÆöáö ÇáÕøóÍóÇÈóÉö¡ ÈóÇÈñ: ãöäú ÝóÖóÇÆöáö ÃóÈöí ÈóßúÑò. . .) .(8/372)
{åõæó ÇáøóÐöí ÎóáóÞó ÇáÓøóãóÇæóÇÊö æóÇáúÃóÑúÖó Ýöí ÓöÊøóÉö ÃóíøóÇãò Ëõãøó ÇÓúÊóæóì Úóáóì ÇáúÚóÑúÔö íóÚúáóãõ ãóÇ íóáöÌõ Ýöí ÇáúÃóÑúÖö æóãóÇ íóÎúÑõÌõ ãöäúåóÇ æóãóÇ íóäúÒöáõ ãöäó ÇáÓøóãóÇÁö æóãóÇ íóÚúÑõÌõ ÝöíåóÇ æóåõæó ãóÚóßõãú Ãóíúäó ãóÇ ßõäúÊõãú} ÇáúÂíóÉó [ÓõæÑóÉõ ÇáúÍóÏöíÏö: 4] (1) .
æóÞóæúáöåö: {Ãóáóãú ÊóÑó Ãóäøó Çááøóåó íóÚúáóãõ ãóÇ Ýöí ÇáÓøóãóÇæóÇÊö æóãóÇ Ýöí ÇáúÃóÑúÖö ãóÇ íóßõæäõ ãöäú äóÌúæóì ËóáóÇËóÉò ÅöáøóÇ åõæó ÑóÇÈöÚõåõãú æóáóÇ ÎóãúÓóÉò ÅöáøóÇ åõæó ÓóÇÏöÓõåõãú æóáóÇ ÃóÏúäóì ãöäú Ðóáößó æóáóÇ ÃóßúËóÑó ÅöáøóÇ åõæó ãóÚóåõãú Ãóíúäó ãóÇ ßóÇäõæÇ Ëõãøó íõäóÈøöÆõåõãú ÈöãóÇ ÚóãöáõæÇ íóæúãó ÇáúÞöíóÇãóÉö Åöäøó Çááøóåó Èößõáøö ÔóíúÁò Úóáöíãñ} [ÓõæÑóÉõ ÇáúãõÌóÇÏóáóÉö: 7] .
ÝóåóÐöåö ÇáúãóÚöíøóÉõ ÚóÇãøóÉñ áößõáøö ãõÊóäóÇÌöíäó (2) ¡ æóßóÐóáößó ÇáúÃõæáóì ÚóÇãøóÉñ áöÌóãöíÚö ÇáúÎóáúÞö.
æóáóãøóÇ ÃóÎúÈóÑó ÓõÈúÍóÇäóåõ Ýöí ÇáúãóÚöíøóÉö Ãóäøóåõ ÑóÇÈöÚõ ÇáËøóáóÇËóÉö æóÓóÇÏöÓõ ÇáúÎóãúÓóÉö¡ ÞóÇáó ÇáäøóÈöíøõ - Õóáøóì Çááøóåõ Úóáóíúåö æóÓóáøóãó -: " «ãóÇ Ùóäøõßó ÈöÇËúäóíúäö Çááøóåõ ËóÇáöËõåõãóÇ» "¡ ÝóÅöäøóåõ áóãøóÇ ßóÇäó ãóÚóåõãóÇ ßóÇäó ËóÇáöËóåõãóÇ ßóãóÇ Ïóáøó ÇáúÞõÑúÂäõ Úóáóì ãóÚúäóì ÇáúÍóÏöíËö ÇáÕøóÍöíÍö. æóÅöäú ßóÇäó åóÐöåö ãóÚöíøóÉð ÎóÇÕøóÉð æóÊöáúßó ÚóÇãøóÉð.
æóÃóãøóÇ ÇáúãóÚöíøóÉõ ÇáúÎóÇÕøóÉõ ÝóßóÞóæúáöåö ÊóÚóÇáóì áóãøóÇ ÞóÇáó áöãõæÓóì æóåóÇÑõæäó: {áóÇ ÊóÎóÇÝóÇ Åöäøóäöí ãóÚóßõãóÇ ÃóÓúãóÚõ æóÃóÑóì} [ÓõæÑóÉõ Øå: 46] ¡ ÝóåóÐóÇ ÊóÎúÕöíÕñ áóåõãóÇ Ïõæäó ÝöÑúÚóæúäó æóÞóæúãöåö Ýóåõæó ãóÚó ãõæÓóì æóåóÇÑõæäó Ïõæäó ÝöÑúÚóæúäó.
æóßóÐóáößó áóãøóÇ ÞóÇáó ÇáäøóÈöíøõ - Õóáøóì Çááøóåõ Úóáóíúåö æóÓóáøóãó - áöÃóÈöí ÈóßúÑò: " {áóÇ ÊóÍúÒóäú Åöäøó Çááøóåó ãóÚóäóÇ} " (3) ßóÇäó ãóÚúäóÇåõ: Åöäøó Çááøóåó ãóÚóäóÇ Ïõæäó ÇáúãõÔúÑößöíäó ÇáøóÐöíäó íõÚóÇÏõæäóåõãóÇ
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(1) Ýöí ÌóãöíÚö ÇáäøõÓóÎö: ÎóáóÞó ÇáÓøóãóÇæóÇÊö æóÇáúÃóÑúÖó æóãóÇ ÈóíúäóåõãóÇ¡ æóåõæó ÎóØóÃñ.
(2) ã: ãõÊóäóÇÌöíóíúäö.
(3) åóÐöåö ÇáúÚöÈóÇÑóÉõ ÌõÒúÁñ ãöäú ÍóÏöíËò Øóæöíáò Úóäö ÇáúÈóÑóÇÁö Èúäö ÚóÇÒöÈò - ÑóÖöíó Çááøóåõ Úóäúåõ -¡ æóÓóíõæÑöÏõåõ ÇÈúäõ ÊóíúãöíøóÉó ãõØóæøóáðÇ ÝöíãóÇ ÈóÚúÏõ¡ æóÇäúÙõÑú ßóáóÇãöí Úóáóíúåö åõäóÇßó Ýöí åóÐóÇ ÇáúÌõÒúÁö¡ Õ 573.(8/373)
æóíóØúáõÈõæäóåõãóÇ ßóÇáøóÐöíäó ßóÇäõæÇ ÝóæúÞó ÇáúÛóÇÑö æóáóæú äóÙóÑó ÃóÍóÏõåõãú (1) Åöáóì ÞóÏóãóíúåö áöÃóÈúÕóÑó ãóÇ ÊóÍúÊó ÞóÏóãóíúåö.
æóßóÐóáößó Þóæúáõåõ ÊóÚóÇáóì: {Åöäøó Çááøóåó ãóÚó ÇáøóÐöíäó ÇÊøóÞóæúÇ æóÇáøóÐöíäó åõãú ãõÍúÓöäõæäó} [ÓõæÑóÉõ ÇáäøóÍúáö: 128] ¡ ÝóåóÐóÇ ÊóÎúÕöíÕñ áóåõãú Ïõæäó ÇáúÝõÌøóÇÑö æóÇáÙøóÇáöãöíäó æóßóÐóáößó Þóæúáõåõ ÊóÚóÇáóì: {Åöäøó Çááøóåó ãóÚó ÇáÕøóÇÈöÑöíäó} [ÓõæÑóÉõ ÇáúÈóÞóÑóÉö: 153] ÊóÎúÕöíÕñ áóåõãú (2) Ïõæäó ÇáúÌóÇÒöÚöíäó.
æóßóÐóáößó Þóæúáõåõ ÊóÚóÇáóì: {æóáóÞóÏú ÃóÎóÐó Çááøóåõ ãöíËóÇÞó Èóäöí ÅöÓúÑóÇÆöíáó æóÈóÚóËúäóÇ ãöäúåõãõ ÇËúäóíú ÚóÔóÑó äóÞöíÈðÇ æóÞóÇáó Çááøóåõ Åöäøöí ãóÚóßõãú áóÆöäú ÃóÞóãúÊõãõ ÇáÕøóáóÇÉó æóÂÊóíúÊõãõ ÇáÒøóßóÇÉó æóÂãóäúÊõãú ÈöÑõÓõáöí} ÇáúÂíóÉó [ÓõæÑóÉõ ÇáúãóÇÆöÏóÉö: 12] ¡ æóÞóÇáó: {ÅöÐú íõæÍöí ÑóÈøõßó Åöáóì ÇáúãóáóÇÆößóÉö Ãóäøöí ãóÚóßõãú ÝóËóÈøöÊõæÇ ÇáøóÐöíäó ÂãóäõæÇ} [ÓõæÑóÉõ ÇáúÃóäúÝóÇáö: 12] .
æóÝöí ÐößúÑöåö (3) ÓõÈúÍóÇäóåõ áöáúãóÚöíøóÉö ÚóÇãøóÉð ÊóÇÑóÉð æóÎóÇÕøóÉð ÃõÎúÑóì: ãóÇ íóÏõáøõ Úóáóì Ãóäøóåõ áóíúÓó ÇáúãõÑóÇÏõ ÈöÐóáößó (4) Ãóäøóåõ ÈöÐóÇÊöåö Ýöí ßõáøö ãóßóÇäò¡ Ãóæú Ãóäøó æõÌõæÏóåõ Úóíúäõ æõÌõæÏö ÇáúãóÎúáõæÞóÇÊö¡ æóäóÍúæó Ðóáößó ãöäú ãóÞóÇáóÇÊö ÇáúÌóåúãöíøóÉö ÇáøóÐöíäó íóÞõæáõæäó ÈöÇáúÍõáõæáö ÇáúÚóÇãøö æóÇáöÇÊøöÍóÇÏö ÇáúÚóÇãøö Ãóæö ÇáúæóÍúÏóÉö (5) ÇáúÚóÇãøóÉö ; áöÃóäøóåõ Úóáóì åóÐóÇ ÇáúÞóæúáö áóÇ íóÎúÊóÕøõ ÈöÞóæúãò Ïõæäó Þóæúãò æóáóÇ ãóßóÇäò Ïõæäó ãóßóÇäò¡ Èóáú åõæó Ýöí ÇáúÍõÔõæÔö Úóáóì åóÐóÇ ÇáúÞóæúáö [æóÃóÌúæóÇÝö ÇáúÈóåóÇÆöãö] (6) ¡ ßóãóÇ åõæó ÝóæúÞó ÇáúÚóÑúÔö [ÝóÅöÐóÇ ÃóÎúÈóÑó Ãóäøóåõ ãóÚó Þóæúãò Ïõæäó Þóæúãò ßóÇäó åóÐóÇ ãõäóÇÞöÖðÇ áöåóÐóÇ ÇáúãóÚúäóì ; áöÃóäøóåõ Úóáóì åóÐóÇ ÇáúÞóæúáö áóÇ íóÎúÊóÕøõ
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(1) ã: ÃóÍóÏñ ãöäúåõãú
(2) (2 - 2) : Ýöí (ä) ÝóÞóØú¡ æóÓóÞóØó ãöäú ÓóÇÆöÑö ÇáäøõÓóÎö.
(3) ä¡ Ó¡ È: Ýöí ÐößúÑöåö
(4) ã: ÈöÊöáúßó.
(5) ã: æóÇáúÅöáúÍóÇÏö ÇáúÚóÇãøö æóÇáúæóÍúÏóÉö. .
(6) æóÃóÌúæóÇÝö ÇáúÈóåóÇÆöãö: ÓóÇÞöØóÉñ ãöäú (ä)(8/374)
ÈöÞóæúãò Ïõæäó Þóæúãò¡ æóáóÇ ãóßóÇäò Ïõæäó ãóßóÇäò¡ Èóáú åõæó Ýöí ÇáúÍõÔõæÔö Úóáóì åóÐóÇ ÇáúÞóæúáö ßóãóÇ åõæó ÝóæúÞó ÇáúÚóÑúÔö] (1) .
æóÇáúÞõÑúÂäõ íóÏõáøõ Úóáóì ÇÎúÊöÕóÇÕö ÇáúãóÚöíøóÉö ÊóÇÑóÉð æóÚõãõæãöåóÇ ÃõÎúÑóìº ÝóÚõáöãó Ãóäøóåõ áóíúÓó ÇáúãõÑóÇÏõ ÈöáóÝúÙö " ÇáúãóÚöíøóÉö " ÇÎúÊöáóÇØóåõ.
æóÝöí åóÐóÇ ÃóíúÖðÇ ÑóÏøñ Úóáóì ãóäú íóÏøóÚöí Ãóäøó ÙóÇåöÑó ÇáúÞõÑúÂäö åõæó ÇáúÍõáõæáõº áóßöäú íóÊóÚóíøóäõ ÊóÃúæöíáõåõ Úóáóì ÎöáóÇÝö ÙóÇåöÑöåö¡ æóíóÌúÚóáõ Ðóáößó ÃóÕúáðÇ íóÞöíÓõ Úóáóíúåö ãóÇ íóÊóÃóæøóáõåõ ãöäó ÇáäøõÕõæÕö.
ÝóíõÞóÇáõ áóåõ: Þóæúáõßó Åöäøó ÇáúÞõÑúÂäó íóÏõáøõ Úóáóì Ðóáößó ÎóØóÃñ ßóãóÇ Ãóäøó Þóæúáó ÞóÑöíäößó ÇáøóÐöí ÇÚúÊóÞóÏó åóÐóÇ ÇáúãóÏúáõæáó ÎóØóÃñ¡ æóÐóáößó áöæõÌõæåò.
ÃóÍóÏõåóÇ: Ãóäøó áóÝúÙó (ãóÚó) Ýöí áõÛóÉö ÇáúÚóÑóÈö ÅöäøóãóÇ ÊóÏõáøõ Úóáóì ÇáúãõÕóÇÍóÈóÉö æóÇáúãõæóÇÝóÞóÉö æóÇáöÇÞúÊöÑóÇäö¡ æóáóÇ ÊóÏõáøõ Úóáóì Ãóäøó ÇáúÃóæøóáó ãõÎúÊóáöØñ ÈöÇáËøóÇäöí Ýöí ÚóÇãøóÉö ãóæóÇÑöÏö ÇáöÇÓúÊöÚúãóÇáö.
ßóÞóæúáöåö ÊóÚóÇáóì: {ãõÍóãøóÏñ ÑóÓõæáõ Çááøóåö æóÇáøóÐöíäó ãóÚóåõ} [ÓõæÑóÉõ ÇáúÝóÊúÍö: 29] áóãú íóÑöÏú Ãóäøó ÐóæóÇÊóåõãú ãõÎúÊóáöØóÉñ ÈöÐóÇÊöåö.
æóÞóæúáõåõ: {ÇÊøóÞõæÇ Çááøóåó æóßõæäõæÇ ãóÚó ÇáÕøóÇÏöÞöíäó} [ÓõæÑóÉõ ÇáÊøóæúÈóÉö: 119] .
æóßóÐóáößó Þóæúáõåõ: {æóÇáøóÐöíäó ÂãóäõæÇ ãöäú ÈóÚúÏõ æóåóÇÌóÑõæÇ æóÌóÇåóÏõæÇ ãóÚóßõãú ÝóÃõæáóÆößó ãöäúßõãú} [ÓõæÑóÉõ ÇáúÃóäúÝóÇáö: 75] .
æóßóÐóáößó Þóæúáõåõ Úóäú äõæÍò: {æóãóÇ Âãóäó ãóÚóåõ ÅöáøóÇ Þóáöíáñ} [ÓõæÑóÉõ åõæÏò: 40] .
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(1) ãóÇ Èóíúäó ÇáúãóÚúÞõæÝóÊóíúäö ÓóÇÞöØñ ãöäú (ä) .(8/375)
æóÞóæúáõåõ Úóäú äõæÍò ÃóíúÖðÇ: {ÝóÃóäúÌóíúäóÇåõ æóÇáøóÐöíäó ãóÚóåõ Ýöí ÇáúÝõáúßö} ÇáúÂíóÉó [ÓõæÑóÉõ ÇáúÃóÚúÑóÇÝö: 64] .
æóÞóæúáõåõ Úóäú åõæÏò: {ÝóÃóäúÌóíúäóÇåõ æóÇáøóÐöíäó ãóÚóåõ ÈöÑóÍúãóÉò ãöäøóÇ} [ÓõæÑóÉõ ÇáúÃóÚúÑóÇÝö: 72] (1) .
æóÞóæúáõ Þóæúãö ÔõÚóíúÈò: {áóäõÎúÑöÌóäøóßó íóÇÔõÚóíúÈõ æóÇáøóÐöíäó ÂãóäõæÇ ãóÚóßó ãöäú ÞóÑúíóÊöäóÇ} [ÓõæÑóÉõ ÇáúÃóÚúÑóÇÝö: 88] .
æóÞóæúáõåõ: {ÅöáøóÇ ÇáøóÐöíäó ÊóÇÈõæÇ æóÃóÕúáóÍõæÇ æóÇÚúÊóÕóãõæÇ ÈöÇááøóåö æóÃóÎúáóÕõæÇ Ïöíäóåõãú áöáøóåö ÝóÃõæáóÆößó ãóÚó ÇáúãõÄúãöäöíäó} ÇáúÂíóÉó (2) [ÓõæÑóÉõ ÇáäøöÓóÇÁö: 146] .
æóÞóæúáõåõ: {æóÅöãøóÇ íõäúÓöíóäøóßó ÇáÔøóíúØóÇäõ ÝóáóÇ ÊóÞúÚõÏú ÈóÚúÏó ÇáÐøößúÑóì ãóÚó ÇáúÞóæúãö ÇáÙøóÇáöãöíäó} [ÓõæÑóÉõ ÇáúÃóäúÚóÇãö: 68] .
æóÞóæúáõåõ: {æóíóÞõæáõ ÇáøóÐöíäó ÂãóäõæÇ ÃóåóÄõáóÇÁö ÇáøóÐöíäó ÃóÞúÓóãõæÇ ÈöÇááøóåö ÌóåúÏó ÃóíúãóÇäöåöãú Åöäøóåõãú áóãóÚóßõãú} [ÓõæÑóÉõ ÇáúãóÇÆöÏóÉö: 53] .
æóÞóæúáõåõ: {Ãóáóãú ÊóÑó Åöáóì ÇáøóÐöíäó äóÇÝóÞõæÇ íóÞõæáõæäó áöÅöÎúæóÇäöåöãõ ÇáøóÐöíäó ßóÝóÑõæÇ ãöäú Ãóåúáö ÇáúßöÊóÇÈö áóÆöäú ÃõÎúÑöÌúÊõãú áóäóÎúÑõÌóäøó ãóÚóßõãú} [ÓõæÑóÉõ ÇáúÍóÔúÑö: 11] .
æóÞóæúáõåõ Úóäú äõæÍò: {ÇåúÈöØú ÈöÓóáóÇãò ãöäøóÇ æóÈóÑóßóÇÊò Úóáóíúßó æóÚóáóì Ãõãóãò ãöãøóäú ãóÚóßó æóÃõãóãñ ÓóäõãóÊøöÚõåõãú} [ÓõæÑóÉõ åõæÏò: 48] .
æóÞóæúáõåõ: {æóÅöÐóÇ ÕõÑöÝóÊú ÃóÈúÕóÇÑõåõãú ÊöáúÞóÇÁó ÃóÕúÍóÇÈö ÇáäøóÇÑö ÞóÇáõæÇ ÑóÈøóäóÇ áóÇ ÊóÌúÚóáúäóÇ ãóÚó ÇáúÞóæúãö ÇáÙøóÇáöãöíäó} [ÓõæÑóÉõ ÇáúÃóÚúÑóÇÝö: 47] .
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(1) ä¡ Ó¡ È: æóÇáøóÐöíäó ÂãóäõæÇ ãóÚóåõ¡ æóåõæó ÎóØóÃñ
(2) ßóáöãóÉõ " ÇáúÂíóÉó ": ÓóÇÞöØóÉñ ãöäú (Ó) ¡ (È)(8/376)
æóÞóæúáõåõ: {ÝóÞõáú áóäú ÊóÎúÑõÌõæÇ ãóÚöíó ÃóÈóÏðÇ æóáóäú ÊõÞóÇÊöáõæÇ ãóÚöíó ÚóÏõæøðÇ Åöäøóßõãú ÑóÖöíÊõãú ÈöÇáúÞõÚõæÏö Ãóæøóáó ãóÑøóÉò ÝóÇÞúÚõÏõæÇ ãóÚó ÇáúÎóÇáöÝöíäó} [ÓõæÑóÉõ ÇáÊøóæúÈóÉö: 83] .
æóÞóæúáõåõ: {ÑóÖõæÇ ÈöÃóäú íóßõæäõæÇ ãóÚó ÇáúÎóæóÇáöÝö} [ÓõæÑóÉõ ÇáÊøóæúÈóÉö: 87] .
æóÞóÇáó: {áóßöäö ÇáÑøóÓõæáõ æóÇáøóÐöíäó ÂãóäõæÇ ãóÚóåõ ÌóÇåóÏõæÇ ÈöÃóãúæóÇáöåöãú æóÃóäúÝõÓöåöãú} [ÓõæÑóÉõ ÇáÊøóæúÈóÉö: 88] .
æóãöËúáõ åóÐóÇ ßóËöíÑñ Ýöí ßóáóÇãö Çááøóåö ÊóÚóÇáóì æóÓóÇÆöÑö ÇáúßóáóÇãö ÇáúÚóÑóÈöíøö.
æóÅöÐóÇ ßóÇäó áóÝúÙõ " ãóÚó " ÅöÐóÇ ÇÓúÊõÚúãöáóÊú Ýöí ßóæúäö ÇáúãóÎúáõæÞö ãóÚó ÇáúãóÎúáõæÞö áóãú ÊóÏõáøó Úóáóì ÇÎúÊöáóÇØö ÐóÇÊöåö ÈöÐóÇÊöåöº Ýóåöíó Ãóäú áóÇ ÊóÏõáøó Úóáóì Ðóáößó Ýöí ÍóÞøö ÇáúÎóÇáöÞö ÈöØóÑöíÞö ÇáúÃóæúáóì.
ÝóÏóÚúæóì ÙõåõæÑöåóÇ Ýöí Ðóáößó ÈóÇØöáñ ãöäú æóÌúåóíúäö: ÃóÍóÏõåõãóÇ: Ãóäøó åóÐóÇ áóíúÓó ãóÚúäóÇåóÇ (1) Ýöí ÇááøõÛóÉö æóáóÇ ÇÞúÊóÑóäó ÈöåóÇ Ýöí ÇáöÇÓúÊöÚúãóÇáö ãóÇ íóÏõáøõ Úóáóì ÇáÙøõåõæÑöº ÝóßóÇäó ÇáÙøõåõæÑõ ãõäúÊóÝöíðÇ (2) ãöäú ßõáøö æóÌúåò.
ÇáËøóÇäöí: Ãóäøóåõ ÅöÐóÇ ÇäúÊóÝóì ÇáÙøõåõæÑõ ÝöíãóÇ åõæó Ãóæúáóì Èöåö ÝóÇäúÊöÝóÇÄõåõ ÝöíãóÇ åõæó ÃóÈúÚóÏõ Úóäúåõ Ãóæúáóì.
ÇáËøóÇäöí (3) : Ãóäøó ÇáúÞõÑúÂäó ÞóÏú ÌóÚóáó ÇáúãóÚöíøóÉó ÎóÇÕøóÉð ÃóßúËóÑó ãöãøóÇ ÌóÚóáóåóÇ ÚóÇãøóÉð¡ æóáóæú ßóÇäó ÇáúãõÑóÇÏõ ÇÎúÊöáóÇØó ÐóÇÊöåö ÈöÇáúãóÎúáõæÞóÇÊö áóßóÇäóÊú ÚóÇãøóÉð áóÇ ÊóÞúÈóáõ ÇáÊøóÎúÕöíÕó.
ÇáËøóÇáöËõ (4) : Ãóäøó ÓöíóÇÞó ÇáúßóáóÇãö Ãóæøóáõåõ æóÂÎöÑõåõ íóÏõáøõ Úóáóì ãóÚúäóì ÇáúãóÚöíøóÉö¡ ßóãóÇ
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(1) ä¡ ã¡ Ó: ãóÚúäóÇåõ
(2) ä¡ ã¡ Ó: ãóäúÝöíøðÇ.
(3) ä¡ Ó: ÇáËøóÇáöËõ¡ æóåõæó ÎóØóÃñ. æóåóÐóÇ åõæó ÇáúæóÌúåõ ÇáËøóÇäöí ÈóÚúÏó ÇáúæóÌúåö ÇáúÃóæøóáö ÇáøóÐöí ÓóÈóÞó ÞóÈúáó ÕóÝóÍóÇÊò ()
(4) ä¡ ã¡ Ó: ÇáÑøóÇÈöÚõ¡ æóåõæó ÎóØóÃñ.(8/377)
ÞóÇáó ÊóÚóÇáóì Ýöí ÂíóÉö ÇáúãõÌóÇÏóáóÉö: {Ãóáóãú ÊóÑó Ãóäøó Çááøóåó íóÚúáóãõ ãóÇ Ýöí ÇáÓøóãóÇæóÇÊö æóãóÇ Ýöí ÇáúÃóÑúÖö ãóÇ íóßõæäõ ãöäú äóÌúæóì ËóáóÇËóÉò ÅöáøóÇ åõæó ÑóÇÈöÚõåõãú æóáóÇ ÎóãúÓóÉò ÅöáøóÇ åõæó ÓóÇÏöÓõåõãú æóáóÇ ÃóÏúäóì ãöäú Ðóáößó æóáóÇ ÃóßúËóÑó ÅöáøóÇ åõæó ãóÚóåõãú Ãóíúäó ãóÇ ßóÇäõæÇ Ëõãøó íõäóÈøöÆõåõãú ÈöãóÇ ÚóãöáõæÇ íóæúãó ÇáúÞöíóÇãóÉö Åöäøó Çááøóåó Èößõáøö ÔóíúÁò Úóáöíãñ} [ÓõæÑóÉõ ÇáúãõÌóÇÏöáóÉö: 7] ÝóÇÝúÊóÊóÍóåóÇ ÈöÇáúÚöáúãö¡ æóÎóÊóãóåóÇ ÈöÇáúÚöáúãö ÝóÚõáöãó Ãóäøóåõ ÃóÑóÇÏó ÚóÇáöãñ Èöåöãú áóÇ íóÎúÝóì Úóáóíúåö ãöäúåõãú ÎóÇÝöíóÉñ.
æóåóßóÐóÇ ÝóÓøóÑóåóÇ ÇáÓøóáóÝõ: ÇáúÅöãóÇãõ ÃóÍúãóÏõ æóãóäú ÞóÈúáóåõ ãöäó ÇáúÚõáóãóÇÁö ßóÇÈúäö ÚóÈøóÇÓò æóÇáÖøóÍøóÇßö æóÓõÝúíóÇäó ÇáËøóæúÑöíøö.
æóÝöí ÂíóÉö ÇáúÍóÏöíÏö ÞóÇáó: {Ëõãøó ÇÓúÊóæóì Úóáóì ÇáúÚóÑúÔö íóÚúáóãõ ãóÇ íóáöÌõ Ýöí ÇáúÃóÑúÖö æóãóÇ íóÎúÑõÌõ ãöäúåóÇ æóãóÇ íóäúÒöáõ ãöäó ÇáÓøóãóÇÁö æóãóÇ íóÚúÑõÌõ ÝöíåóÇ æóåõæó ãóÚóßõãú Ãóíúäó ãóÇ ßõäúÊõãú æóÇááøóåõ ÈöãóÇ ÊóÚúãóáõæäó ÈóÕöíÑñ} [ÓõæÑóÉõ ÇáúÍóÏöíÏö: 4] ÝóÎóÊóãóåóÇ ÃóíúÖðÇ ÈöÇáúÚöáúãö æóÃóÎúÈóÑó Ãóäøóåõ ãóÚó ÇÓúÊöæóÇÆöåö Úóáóì ÇáúÚóÑúÔö íóÚúáóãõ åóÐóÇ ßõáøóåõ.
ßóãóÇ ÞóÇáó ÇáäøóÈöíøõ - Õóáøóì Çááøóåõ Úóáóíúåö æóÓóáøóãó - Ýöí ÍóÏöíËö ÇáúÃóæúÚóÇáö: " «æóÇááøóåõ ÝóæúÞó ÚóÑúÔöåö æóåõæó íóÚúáóãõ ãóÇ ÃóäúÊõãú Úóáóíúåö» " (1) ÝóåõäóÇßó ÃóÎúÈóÑó ÈöÚõãõæãö ÇáúÚöáúãö áößõáøö äóÌúæóì.
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(1) ÇáúÍóÏöíËõ Úóäö ÇáúÚóÈøóÇÓö Èúäö ÚóÈúÏö ÇáúãõØøóáöÈö - ÑóÖöíó Çááøóåõ Úóäúåõ - Ýöí: Óõäóäö ÃóÈöí ÏóÇæõÏó 4/319 - 320 (ßöÊóÇÈõ ÇáÓøõäøóÉö¡ ÈóÇÈñ Ýöí ÇáúÌóåúãöíøóÉö) æóäóÕøõåõ: " ßõäúÊõ Ýöí ÇáúÈóØúÍóÇÁö Ýöí ÚöÕóÇÈóÉò Ýöíåöãú ÑóÓõæáõ Çááøóåö - Õóáøóì Çááøóåõ Úóáóíúåö æóÓóáøóãó -¡ ÝóãóÑøóÊú Èöåöãú ÓóÍóÇÈóÉñ¡ ÝóäóÙóÑó ÅöáóíúåóÇ¡ ÝóÞóÇáó: ãóÇ ÊõÓóãøõæäó åóÐöåö ÞóÇáõæÇ: ÇáÓøóÍóÇÈó. ÞóÇáó: " æóÇáúãõÒúäó¿ " ÞóÇáõæÇ: æóÇáúãõÒúäó. ÞóÇáó: " æóÇáúÚóäóÇäó¿ " ÞóÇáõæÇ: æóÇáúÚóäóÇäó - ÞóÇáó: ÃóÈõæ ÏóÇæõÏó áóãú ÃõÊúÞöäö ÇáúÚóäóÇäó ÌóíøöÏðÇ - ÞóÇáó: " åóáú ÊóÏúÑõæäó ãóÇ ÈõÚúÏõ ãóÇ Èóíúäó ÇáÓøóãóÇÁö æóÇáúÃóÑúÖö¿ " ÞóÇáõæÇ: áóÇ äóÏúÑöí. ÞóÇáó: " Åöäøó ÈõÚúÏó ãóÇ ÈóíúäóåõãóÇ ÅöãøóÇ æóÇÍöÏóÉñ Ãóæö ÇËúäóÇäö Ãóæú ËóáóÇËñ æóÓóÈúÚõæäó ÓóäóÉð¡ Ëõãøó ÇáÓøóãóÇÁõ ÝóæúÞóåóÇ ßóÐóáößó¡ " ÍóÊøóì ÚóÏøó ÓóÈúÚó ÓóãóÇæóÇÊò " Ëõãøó ÝóæúÞó ÇáÓøóÍóÇÈóÉö ÈóÍúÑñ Èóíúäó ÃóÓúÝóáöåö æóÃóÚúáóÇåõ ãöËúáõ ãóÇ Èóíúäó ÓóãóÇÁò Åöáóì ÓóãóÇÁò Ëõãøó ÝóæúÞó Ðóáößó ËóãóÇäöíóÉõ ÃóæúÚóÇáò Èóíúäó ÃóÙúáóÇÝöåöãú æóÑõßóÈöåöãú ãöËúáõ ãóÇ Èóíúäó ÓóãóÇÁò Åöáóì ÓóãóÇÁò¡ Ëõãøó Úóáóì ÙõåõæÑöåöãõ ÇáúÚóÑúÔõ Èóíúäó ÃóÓúÝóáöåö æóÃóÚúáóÇåõ ãöËúáõ ãóÇ Èóíúäó ÓóãóÇÁò Åöáóì ÓóãóÇÁò¡ Ëõãøó Çááøóåõ ÊóÈóÇÑóßó æóÊóÚóÇáóì ÝóæúÞó Ðóáößó ". ÞóÇáó ÇáúãõÍóÞøöÞõ ÑóÍöãóåõ Çááøóåõ: " æóÃóÎúÑóÌóåõ ÇáÊøöÑúãöÐöíøõ æóÇÈúäõ ãóÇÌóåú¡ æóÞóÇáó ÇáÊøöÑúãöÐöíøõ: " ÛóÑöíÈñ. æóÑóæóì ÔóÑöíßñ ÈóÚúÖó åóÐóÇ ÇáúÍóÏöíËö Úóäú ÓöãóÇßò ÝóæóÞóÝóåõ " æóÇáúæóáöíÏõ Èúäõ ÃóÈöí ËóæúÑò áóÇ íõÍúÊóÌøõ ÈöÍóÏöíËöåö. æóÑóæóì ÃóÈõæ ÏóÇæõÏó ÇáúÍóÏöíËó ãöäú ØóÑöíÞóíúäö ÂÎóÑóíúäö (ÇäúÙõÑö ÇáúÃóÑúÞóÇãó 4723¡ 4724¡ 4725) æóÇáúÍóÏöíËõ Ýöí Óõäóäö ÇáÊøöÑúãöÐöíøö 5/96 - 97 (ßöÊóÇÈõ ÇáÊøóÝúÓöíÑö¡ ÓõæÑóÉõ ÇáúÍóÇÞøóÉö) . æóÞóÇáó ÇáÊøöÑúãöÐöíøõ: " ÞóÇáó ÚóÈúÏõ Èúäõ ÍõãóíúÏò: ÓóãöÚúÊõ íóÍúíóì Èúäó ãóÚöíäò íóÞõæáõ: ÃóáóÇ íõÑöíÏõ ÚóÈúÏõ ÇáÑøóÍúãóäö Èúäõ ÓóÚúÏò Ãóäøó íóÍõÌøó ÍóÊøóì íóÓúãóÚó ãöäúåõ åóÐóÇ ÇáúÍóÏöíËó. åóÐóÇ ÍóÏöíËñ ÍóÓóäñ ÛóÑöíÈñ. æóÑóæóì ÇáúæóáöíÏõ Èúäõ ÃóÈöí ËóæúÑò Úóäú ÓöãóÇßò äóÍúæóåõ æóÑóÝóÚóåõ. æóÑóæóì ÔóÑöíßñ Úóäú ÓöãóÇßò ÈóÚúÖó åóÐóÇ ÇáúÍóÏöíËö æóæóÞóÝóåõ æóáóãú íóÑúÝóÚúåõ. æóÚóÈúÏõ ÇáÑøóÍúãóäö åõæó ÇÈúäõ ÚóÈúÏö Çááøóåö Èúäö ÓóÚúÏò ÇáÑøóÇÒöíøõ ". æóÇáúÍóÏöíËõ ÃóíúÖðÇ Ýöí: Óõäóäö ÇÈúäö ãóÇÌóåú¡ 1 69 ÇáúãõÞóÏøöãóÉõ: ÈóÇÈñ ÝöíãóÇ ÃóäúßóÑóÊö ÇáúÌóåúãöíøóÉõ) ¡ ÇáúãõÓúäóÏö (Ø ÇáúãóÚóÇÑöÝö 3/202 - 203¡ 204 - 205 (ÑóÞúãõ 1770 - 1771) æóÚóáøóÞó ÇáÔøóíúÎõ ÃóÍúãóÏ ÔóÇßöÑ ÊóÚúáöíÞðÇ ãõÓúåóÈðÇ¡ æóÞóÇáó Úóäö ÇáúÍóÏöíËö ÇáúÃóæøóáö: ÅöÓúäóÇÏõåõ ÖóÚöíÝñ ÌöÏøðÇ¡ æóÚóäö ÇáËøóÇäöí: ÅöÓúäóÇÏõåõ ÖóÚöíÝñ ÃóíúÖðÇ¡ ÛóíúÑó Ãóäøóåõ ÞóÇáó (Õ 204) : " Ýóáóæú ßóÇäó ÇáúÍóÏöíËõ ÈöåóÐóÇ ÇáúÅöÓúäóÇÏö æóÇáøóÐöí ÞóÈúáóåõ æóÍúÏóåõãóÇ áóãú íóßõäú ÕóÍöíÍðÇ¡ áöÖóÚúÝöåöãóÇ ßóãóÇ ÊóÑóìº æóáóßöäú áóãú íóäúÝóÑöÏú Èöåö ÇáúæóáöíÏõ Èúäõ ÃóÈöí ËóæúÑò¡ ÝóÞóÏú ÑóæóÇåõ ÃóÈõæ ÏóÇæõÏó ÃóíúÖðÇ Úóäú ÃóÍúãóÏó Èúäö ÃóÈöí ÓõÑóíúÌò Úóäú ÚóÈúÏö ÇáÑøóÍúãóäö Èúäö ÚóÈúÏö Çááøóåö Èúäö ÓóÚúÏò æóãõÍóãøóÏö Èúäö ÓóÚöíÏò Úóäú ÚóãúÑöæ Èúäö ÃóÈöí ÞóíúÓò Úóäú ÓöãóÇßö Èúäö ÍóÑúÈò ÈöÅöÓúäóÇÏöåö æóãóÚúäóÇåõ. æóÑóæóÇåõ ÃóíúÖðÇ Úóäú ÃóÍúãóÏó Èúäö ÍóÝúÕò Úóäú ÃóÈöíåö Úóäú ÅöÈúÑóÇåöíãó Èúäö ØóåúãóÇäó Úóäú ÓöãóÇßò. æóÑóæóÇåõ ÇáÊøöÑúãöÐöíøõ Úóäú ÚóÈúÏö Èúäö ÍõãóíúÏò Úóäú ÚóÈúÏö ÇáÑøóÍúãóäö Èúäö ÓóÚúÏò Úóäú ÚóãúÑöæ Èúäö ÃóÈöí ÞóíúÓò Úóäú ÓöãóÇßò¡. . . æóåóÐöåö ÃóÓóÇäöíÏõ ÕöÍóÇÍñ ". Ëõãøó Êóßóáøóãó Úóáóì ÑöÌóÇáö åóÐöåö ÇáúÃóÓóÇäöíÏö ãõæóËøöÞðÇ áóåõãú¡ Ëõãøó ÞóÇáó: " æóÑóæóÇåõ ÃóíúÖðÇ ÇáúÈóíúåóÞöíøõ Ýöí ÇáúÃóÓúãóÇÁö æóÇáÕøöÝóÇÊö 286 - 287 ãöäú ØóÑöíÞö ÃóÈöí ÏóÇæõÏó ÈöÅöÓúäóÇÏö ÇáúæóáöíÏö Èúäö ÃóÈöí ËóæúÑò æóÅöÓúäóÇÏö ÅöÈúÑóÇåöíãó Èúäö ØóåúãóÇäó¡ æóÑóæóÇåõ ÇáúÍóÇßöãõ Ýöí ÇáúãõÓúÊóÏúÑóßö 2/500 - 501 ãöäú ØóÑöíÞö ÔóÑöíßò Úóäú ÓöãóÇßö Èúäö ÍóÑúÈò Úóäú ÚóÈúÏö Çááøóåö Èúäö ÚõãóíúÑóÉó Úóäö ÇáúÃóÍúäóÝö Úóäö ÇáúÚóÈøóÇÓö ãõÎúÊóÕóÑðÇ ãóæúÞõæÝðÇ¡ æóÞóÇáó: " ÕóÍöíÍñ Úóáóì ÔóÑúØö ãõÓúáöãò æóáóãú íõÎóÑøöÌóÇåõ ". Ëõãøó ÐóßóÑó ÇáúÍóÇßöãõ ØóÑöíÞðÇ ÂÎóÑó ãóÑúÝõæÚðÇ æóæóÇÝóÞóåõ ÇáÐøóåóÈöíøõ Úóáóì Ãóäøó ÇáúÅöÓúäóÇÏó ÇáúÃóæøóáó ÇáúãóæúÞõæÝó Úóáóì ÔóÑúØö ãõÓúáöãò¡ æóÖóÚøóÝó ÇáØøóÑöíÞó ÇáúãóÑúÝõæÚó. æóÇáúÍóÏöíËõ ÃóíúÖðÇ Ýöí ßöÊóÇÈö " ÑóÏøö ÇáúÅöãóÇãö ÇáÏøóÇÑöãöíøö. . . Úóáóì ÈöÔúÑö ÇáúãóÑöíÓö ÇáúÚóäöíÏö "¡ Õ 73 (ÊóÍúÞöíÞõ ÇáúÝöÞöí) ãöäú ÑöæóÇíóÉö ÇÈúäö ãóÓúÚõæÏò¡ æóÝöí ßöÊóÇÈö " ÇáÊøóæúÍöíÏö. . " áöÇÈúäö ÎõÒóíúãóÉó¡ Õ 107 - 108 (ÊóÍúÞöíÞõ ÇáúåóÑøóÇÓö) ãöäú ÑöæóÇíóÉö ÇÈúäö ãóÓúÚõæÏò ÃóíúÖðÇ. æóÍóÏøóËóäöí ÃóÎöí ÇáÏøõßúÊõæÑõ ãõÍóãøóÏõ Èúäõ áõØúÝöí ÇáÕøóÈøóÇÛõ Ãóäøó ÇáÔøóíúÎó ãõÍóãøóÏ äóÇÕöÑ ÇáÏøóíúäö ÇáúÃóáúÈóÇäöíøó ÖóÚøóÝó åóÐóÇ ÇáúÍóÏöíËó Ýöí ÊóÎúÑöíÌöåö áöÓõäóäö ÇÈúäö ãóÇÌóåú æóÞóÇáó: " ÖóÚöíÝñ "¡ æóÃóÍóÇáó Åöáóì ßöÊóÇÈöåö " ÇáÙøöáóÇáó " 577 æóåóÐóÇ ÃóãúáóÇåõ Úóáóíøó ÇáÏøõßúÊõæÑõ ÇáÕøóÈøóÇÛõ ãöäó ÇáäøõÓúÎóÉö ÇáúãóÎúØõæØóÉö áöÊóÎúÑöíÌö Óõäóäö ÇÈúäö ãóÇÌóåú áöáúÃóáúÈóÇäöíøö ÇáøóÐöí íõØúÈóÚõ ÕóÍöíÍõåõ ÇáúÂäó Ýöí ãóßúÊóÈö ÇáÊøóÑúÈöíóÉö ÇáúÚóÑóÈöíøö áöÏõæóáö ÇáúÎóáöíÌö. æóíõÄóßøöÏõ åóÐóÇ ãóÇ ÐóßóÑóåõ ÇáÔøóíúÎõ ÇáúÃóáúÈóÇäöíøõ Ýöí ãõÞóÏøöãóÉö ßöÊóÇÈö " ãõÎúÊóÕóÑö ÇáúÚõáõæøö áöáúÚóáöíøö ÇáúÛóÝøóÇÑö " áöáÐøóåóÈöíøö¡ Õ 12 - 13 " ÇáØøóÈúÚóÉõ ÇáúÃõæáóì¡ ÇáúãóßúÊóÈõ ÇáúÅöÓúáóÇãöíøõ¡ ÈóíúÑõæÊó¡ 1401 1981 ÍóíúËõ íóÞõæáõ: " æóÞóÏú ÃóÍúÐöÝõ ãóÇ ÕóÑøóÍó ÇáúãõÄóáøöÝõ ÈöËõÈõæÊöåö Ãóæú äóÞúáöåö Úóäú ÛóíúÑöåö¡ áöÚöáøóÉò ÞóÇÏöÍóÉò ÙóåóÑóÊú áöí ßóÍóÏöíËö ÃóÈöí åõÑóíúÑóÉó. . . æóßóÍóÏöíËö ÇáúÃóæúÚóÇáö ÇáøóÐöí íõÑúæóì Úóäö ÇáúÚóÈøóÇÓö (Õ 49 - 50) æóåõæó ãõÎóÑøóÌñ Ýöí ÇáúãóÕúÏóÑö ÇáÓøóÇÈöÞö " ÓöáúÓöáóÉö ÇáúÃóÍóÇÏöíËö ÇáÖøóÚöíÝóÉö " ÑóÞúãõ 1247. . . æóÇáøóÐöí ÃóÚúáóãõåõ Ãóäøó ÇáúÌõÒúÁó ÇáËøóÇáöËó ãöäú ßöÊóÇÈö ÓöáúÓöáóÉö ÇáúÃóÍóÇÏöíËö ÇáÖøóÚöíÝóÉö æóÇáúãóæúÖõæÚóÉö " ÇáøóÐöí íóÊóßóáøóãõ Ýöíåö ÇáÔøóíúÎõ ÇáúÃóáúÈóÇäöíøõ Úóáóì ÇáúÃóÍóÇÏöíËö ÇáøóÊöí ÈóÚúÏó ÑóÞúãö ÇáúÃóáúÝö - ÍóÓóÈó ÊóÑúÞöíãöåö - áóãú íõØúÈóÚú Ãóæú áóãú íõæóÒøóÚú ÈóÚúÏõ.(8/378)
æóåõäóÇ ÃóÎúÈóÑó Ãóäøóåõ ãóÚó Úõáõæøöåö Úóáóì ÚóÑúÔöåö íóÚúáóãõ ãóÇ íóáöÌõ Ýöí ÇáúÃóÑúÖö æóãóÇ íóÎúÑõÌõ(8/379)
ãöäúåóÇ (1) ¡ æóåõæó ãóÚó ÇáúÚöÈóÇÏö ÃóíúäóãóÇ ßóÇäõæÇ: íóÚúáóãõ ÃóÍúæóÇáóåõãú æóÇááøóåõ ÈöãóÇ íóÚúãóáõæäó ÈóÕöíÑñ.
æóÃóãøóÇ Þóæúáõåõ: {Åöäøó Çááøóåó ãóÚó ÇáøóÐöíäó ÇÊøóÞóæúÇ æóÇáøóÐöíäó åõãú ãõÍúÓöäõæäó} [ÓõæÑóÉõ ÇáäøóÍúáö: 128] ÝóÞóÏú Ïóáøó ÇáÓøöíóÇÞõ Úóáóì Ãóäøó ÇáúãóÞúÕõæÏó áóíúÓó ãõÌóÑøóÏó Úöáúãöåö æóÞõÏúÑóÊöåö¡ Èóáú åõæó ãóÚóåõãú Ýöí Ðóáößó ÈöÊóÃúíöíÏöåö æóäóÕúÑöåö¡ æóÃóäøóåõ íóÌúÚóáõ áöáúãõÊøóÞöíäó ãóÎúÑóÌðÇ æóíóÑúÒõÞõåõãú ãöäú ÍóíúËõ áóÇ íóÍúÊóÓöÈõæäó.
æóßóÐóáößó Þóæúáõåõ áöãõæÓóì æóåóÇÑõæäó: {Åöäøóäöí ãóÚóßõãóÇ ÃóÓúãóÚõ æóÃóÑóì} [ÓõæÑóÉõ Øå: 46] ÝóÅöäøóåõ ãóÚóåõãóÇ ÈöÇáÊøóÃúíöíÏö æóÇáäøóÕúÑö æóÇáúÅöÚóÇäóÉö Úóáóì ÝöÑúÚóæúäó æóÞóæúãöåö ßóãóÇ ÅöÐóÇ ÑóÃóì ÇáúÅöäúÓóÇäõ ãóäú íóÎóÇÝõ ÝóÞóÇáó áóåõ ãóäú íóäúÕõÑõåõ: " äóÍúäõ ãóÚóßó " Ãóíú ãõÚóÇæöäõæßó æóäóÇÕöÑõæßó Úóáóì ÚóÏõæøößó.
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(1) ä¡ ã¡ Ó: æóãóÇ íóäúÒöáõ ÝöíåóÇ.(8/380)
æóßóÐóáößó Þóæúáõ ÇáäøóÈöíøö - Õóáøóì Çááøóåõ Úóáóíúåö æóÓóáøóãó - áöÕóÏöíÞöåö: " Åöäøó Çááøóåó ãóÚóäóÇ " íóÏõáøõ Úóáóì Ãóäøóåõ ãõæóÇÝöÞñ áóåõãóÇ ÈöÇáúãóÍóÈøóÉö æóÇáÑøöÖóÇ ÝöíãóÇ ÝóÚóáóÇåõ æóåõæó ãõÄóíøöÏñ áóåõãóÇ æóãõÚöíäñ æóäóÇÕöÑñ.
æóåóÐóÇ ÕóÑöíÍñ Ýöí ãõÔóÇÑóßóÉö ÇáÕøöÏøöíÞö áöáäøóÈöíøö Ýöí åóÐöåö ÇáúãóÚöíøóÉö ÇáøóÊöí ÇÎúÊõÕøó ÈöåóÇ ÇáÕøöÏøöíÞõ áóãú íõÔúÑóßúåõ ÝöíåóÇ ÃóÍóÏñ ãöäó ÇáúÎóáúÞö.
æóÇáúãóÞúÕõæÏõ åõäóÇ Ãóäøó Þóæúáó ÇáäøóÈöíøö - Õóáøóì Çááøóåõ Úóáóíúåö æóÓóáøóãó - áöÃóÈöí ÈóßúÑò: " Åöäøó Çááøóåó ãóÚóäóÇ åöíó ãóÚöíøóÉõ ÇáöÇÎúÊöÕóÇÕö ÇáøóÊöí ÊóÏõáøõ Úóáóì Ãóäøóåõ ãóÚóåõãú ÈöÇáäøóÕúÑö æóÇáÊøóÃúíöíÏö æóÇáúÅöÚóÇäóÉö Úóáóì ÚóÏõæøöåöãú¡ Ýóíóßõæäõ ÇáäøóÈöíøõ - Õóáøóì Çááøóåõ Úóáóíúåö æóÓóáøóãó - ÞóÏú ÃóÎúÈóÑó Ãóäøó Çááøóåó íóäúÕõÑõäöí æóíóäúÕõÑõßó íóÇ ÃóÈóÇ ÈóßúÑò Úóáóì ÚóÏõæøöäóÇ æóíõÚöíäõäóÇ Úóáóíúåöãú.
æóãóÚúáõæãñ Ãóäøó äóÕúÑó Çááøóåö äóÕúÑõ ÅößúÑóÇãò æóãóÍóÈøóÉò¡ ßóãóÇ ÞóÇáó ÊóÚóÇáóì: {ÅöäøóÇ áóäóäúÕõÑõ ÑõÓõáóäóÇ æóÇáøóÐöíäó ÂãóäõæÇ Ýöí ÇáúÍóíóÇÉö ÇáÏøõäúíóÇ} [ÓõæÑóÉõ ÛóÇÝöÑò: 51] æóåóÐóÇ ÛóÇíóÉõ ÇáúãóÏúÍö áöÃóÈöí ÈóßúÑòº ÅöÐú Ïóáøó Úóáóì Ãóäøóåõ ãöãøóäú ÔóåöÏó áóåõ ÇáÑøóÓõæáõ ÈöÇáúÅöíãóÇäö ÇáúãõÞúÊóÖöí äóÕúÑó Çááøóåö áóåõ ãóÚó ÑóÓõæáöåö (1) ¡ æóßóÇäó ãõÊóÖóãøöäðÇ ÔóåóÇÏóÉó ÇáÑøóÓõæáö áóåõ ÈößóãóÇáö ÇáúÅöíãóÇäö ÇáúãõÞúÊóÖöí äóÕúÑó Çááøóåö áóåõ ãóÚó ÑóÓõæáöåö (2) Ýöí ãöËúáö åóÐöåö ÇáúÍóÇáö ÇáøóÊöí Èóíøóäó Çááøóåõ ÝöíåóÇ ÛöäóÇåõ Úóäö ÇáúÎóáúÞö ÝóÞóÇáó: {ÅöáøóÇ ÊóäúÕõÑõæåõ ÝóÞóÏú äóÕóÑóåõ Çááøóåõ ÅöÐú ÃóÎúÑóÌóåõ ÇáøóÐöíäó ßóÝóÑõæÇ ËóÇäöíó ÇËúäóíúäö ÅöÐú åõãóÇ Ýöí ÇáúÛóÇÑö} [ÓõæÑóÉõ ÇáÊøóæúÈóÉö: 40] .
æóáöåóÐóÇ ÞóÇáó ÓõÝúíóÇäõ Èúäõ ÚõíóíúäóÉó æóÛóíúÑõåõ Åöäøó Çááøóåó ÚóÇÊóÈó ÇáúÎóáúÞó ÌóãöíÚóåõãú Ýöí äóÈöíøöåö ÅöáøóÇ ÃóÈóÇ ÈóßúÑò. æóÞóÇáó ãóäú ÃóäúßóÑó ÕõÍúÈóÉó ÃóÈöí ÈóßúÑò Ýóåõæó ßóÇÝöÑñ áöÃóäøóåõ ßóÐøóÈó ÇáúÞõÑúÂäó.
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(1) (1 - 1) : ÓóÇÞöØñ ãöäú (Ó) ¡ (È) .
(2) ÓóÇÞöØñ ãöäú (Ó) ¡ (È) .(8/381)
æóÞóÇáó ØóÇÆöÝóÉñ ãöäú Ãóåúáö ÇáúÚöáúãö ßóÃóÈöí ÇáúÞóÇÓöãö ÇáÓøõåóíúáöíøö æóÛóíúÑöåö: åóÐöåö ÇáúãóÚöíøóÉõ ÇáúÎóÇÕøóÉõ áóãú ÊóËúÈõÊú áöÛóíúÑö ÃóÈöí ÈóßúÑò.
æóßóÐóáößó Þóæúáõåõ: " «ãóÇ Ùóäøõßó ÈöÇËúäóíúäö Çááøóåõ ËóÇáöËõåõãóÇ» "º Èóáú ÙóåóÑó ÇÎúÊöÕóÇÕõåõãóÇ Ýöí ÇááøóÝúÙö ßóãóÇ ÙóåóÑó Ýöí ÇáúãóÚúäóì ÝóßóÇäó íõÞóÇáõ áöáäøóÈöíøö - Õóáøóì Çááøóåõ Úóáóíúåö æóÓóáøóãó -: " ãõÍóãøóÏñ ÑóÓõæáõ Çááøóåöº " ÝóáóãøóÇ Êóæóáøóì ÃóÈõæ ÈóßúÑò ÈóÚúÏóåõ ÕóÇÑõæÇ íóÞõæáõæäó: " æóÎóáöíÝóÉõ ÑóÓõæáö Çááøóåö " ÝóíõÖöíÝõæäó ÇáúÎóáöíÝóÉó Åöáóì ÑóÓõæáö Çááøóåö ÇáúãõÖóÇÝö Åöáóì Çááøóåö¡ æóÇáúãõÖóÇÝõ Åöáóì ÇáúãõÖóÇÝö ãõÖóÇÝñ ÊóÍúÞöíÞðÇ (1) áöÞóæúáöåö: " {Åöäøó Çááøóåó ãóÚóäóÇ} "¡ «ãóÇ Ùóäøõßó ÈöÇËúäóíúäö Çááøóåõ ËóÇáöËõåõãóÇ» ¡ Ëõãøó áóãøóÇ Êóæóáøóì ÚõãóÑõ ÈóÚúÏóåõ ÕóÇÑõæÇ íóÞõæáõæäó: " ÃóãöíÑõ ÇáúãõÄúãöäöíäó " ÝóÇäúÞóØóÚó ÇáöÇÎúÊöÕóÇÕõ ÇáøóÐöí ÇãúÊóÇÒóåõ Èöåö ÃóÈõæ ÈóßúÑò Úóäú ÓóÇÆöÑö ÇáÕøóÍóÇÈóÉö.
æóãöãøóÇ íõÈóíøöäõ åóÐóÇ Ãóäøó ÇáÕøõÍúÈóÉó ÝöíåóÇ Úõãõæãñ æóÎõÕõæÕñº ÝóíõÞóÇáõ: ÕóÍöÈóåõ ÓóÇÚóÉð æóíóæúãðÇ æóÌõãõÚóÉð æóÔóåúÑðÇ æóÓóäóÉð æóÕóÍöÈóåõ ÚõãõÑóåõ ßõáøóåõ.
æóÞóÏú ÞóÇáó ÊóÚóÇáóì: {æóÇáÕøóÇÍöÈö ÈöÇáúÌóäúÈö} [ÓõæÑóÉõ ÇáäøöÓóÇÁö: 36] Þöíáó: åõæó ÇáÑøóÝöíÞõ Ýöí ÇáÓøóÝóÑö æóÞöíáó ÇáÒøóæúÌóÉõ æóßöáóÇåõãóÇ ÊóÞöáøõ ÕõÍúÈóÊõåõ [æóÊóßúËõÑõ] (2) ¡ æóÞóÏú Óóãøóì Çááøóåõ ÇáÒøóæúÌóÉó ÕóÇÍöÈóÉð Ýöí Þóæúáöåö: {Ãóäøóì íóßõæäõ áóåõ æóáóÏñ æóáóãú Êóßõäú áóåõ ÕóÇÍöÈóÉñ} [ÓõæÑóÉõ ÇáúÃóäúÚóÇãö: 101] .
æóáöåóÐóÇ ÞóÇáó ÃóÍúãóÏõ Èúäõ ÍóäúÈóáò Ýöí " ÇáÑøöÓóÇáóÉö " ÇáøóÊöí ÑóæóÇåóÇ ÚóÈúÏõæÓõ Èúäõ ãóÇáößò
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(1) Ó: ÝóíõÖöíÝõæäó ÇáúÎóáöíÝóÉó Åöáóì ÑóÓõæáö Çááøóåö - Õóáøóì Çááøóåõ Úóáóíúåö æóÓóáøóãó -¡ æóÇáúãõÖóÇÝö Åöáóì Çááøóåö¡ æóÇáúãõÖóÇÝõ Åöáóì ÇáúãõÖóÇÝö ÊóÍúÞöíÞðÇ¡ È: ÝóíõÖöíÝõæäó ÇáúÎóáöíÝóÉó Åöáóì ÑóÓõæáö Çááøóåö - Õóáøóì Çááøóåõ Úóáóíúåö æóÓóáøóãó - ÇáúãõÖóÇÝö Åöáóì Çááøóåö¡ æóÇáúãõÖóÇÝõ Åöáóì ÇáúãõÖóÇÝö Åöáóì Çááøóåö ãõÖóÇÝñ Åöáóì Çááøóåö ÊóÍúÞöíÞðÇ. æóÇáúãõËúÈóÊõ ãöäú (ä) ¡ (ã)
(2) ÊóßúËõÑõ: Ýöí (ã) ÝóÞóØú. æóßóáöãóÉõ " ÊóÞöáøõ " ÛóíúÑõ ãóäúÞõæØóÉò Ýöí (ä) ¡ (ã) . æóÝöí (Ó) : äõÞöáó¡ æóåõæó ÊóÍúÑöíÝñ.(8/382)
Úóäúåõ (1) : " ãóäú ÕóÍöÈó ÇáäøóÈöíøó - Õóáøóì Çááøóåõ Úóáóíúåö æóÓóáøóãó - ÓóäóÉð¡ Ãóæú ÔóåúÑðÇ (2) ¡ Ãóæú íóæúãðÇ¡ Ãóæú ÓóÇÚóÉð (3) ¡ Ãóæú ÑóÂåõ ãõÄúãöäðÇ (4) Èöåö Ýóåõæó ãöäú ÃóÕúÍóÇÈöåö áóåõ ãöäó ÇáÕøõÍúÈóÉö Úóáóì ÞóÏúÑö ãóÇ ÕóÍöÈóåõ ".
æóåóÐóÇ Þóæúáõ ÌóãóÇåöíÑö ÇáúÚõáóãóÇÁö ãöäó ÇáúÝõÞóåóÇÁö æóÃóåúáö ÇáúßóáóÇãö æóÛóíúÑöåöãú: íóÚõÏøõæäó Ýöí ÃóÕúÍóÇÈöåö ãöäú ÞóáøóÊú ÕõÍúÈóÊõåõ æóãöäú ßóËõÑóÊú¡ æóÝöí Ðóáößó ÎöáóÇÝñ ÖóÚöíÝñ.
æóÇáÏøóáöíáõ Úóáóì Þóæúáö ÇáúÌõãúåõæÑö ãóÇ ÃóÎúÑóÌóÇåõ Ýöí ÇáÕøóÍöíÍóíúäö Úóäú ÃóÈöí ÓóÚöíÏò ÇáúÎõÏúÑöíøö Úóäö ÇáäøóÈöíøö - Õóáøóì Çááøóåõ Úóáóíúåö æóÓóáøóãó - ÞóÇáó: " «íóÃúÊöí Úóáóì ÇáäøóÇÓö ÒóãóÇäñ íóÛúÒõæ ÝöÆóÇãñ ãöäó ÇáäøóÇÓö¡ ÝóíõÞóÇáõ: åóáú Ýöíßõãú ãóäú ÑóÃóì ÑóÓõæáó Çááøóåö - Õóáøóì Çááøóåõ Úóáóíúåö æóÓóáøóãó -¿ ÝóíóÞõæáõæäó: äóÚóãú¡ ÝóíõÝúÊóÍõ áóåõãú¡ Ëõãøó íóÛúÒõæ ÝöÆóÇãñ ãöäó ÇáäøóÇÓö ÝóíõÞóÇáõ: åóáú Ýöíßõãú ãóäú ÑóÃóì ãóäú ÕóÍöÈó ÇáäøóÈöíøó - Õóáøóì Çááøóåõ Úóáóíúåö æóÓóáøóãó -¿ ÝóíóÞõæáõæäó: äóÚóãú ÝóíõÝúÊóÍõ áóåõãú¡ Ëõãøó íóÛúÒõæ ÝöÆóÇãñ ãöäó ÇáäøóÇÓö ÝóíõÞóÇáõ: åóáú Ýöíßõãú ãóäú ÑóÃóì ãóäú ÕóÍöÈó ãóäú ÕóÍöÈó ÑóÓõæáó Çááøóåö - Õóáøóì Çááøóåõ Úóáóíúåö æóÓóáøóãó - ÝóíóÞõæáõæäó äóÚóãú ÝóíõÝúÊóÍõ áóåõãú» . æóåóÐóÇ áóÝúÙõ ãõÓúáöãò¡ æóáóåõ Ýöí ÑöæóÇíóÉò ÃõÎúÑóì: " «íóÃúÊöí Úóáóì ÇáäøóÇÓö ÒóãóÇäñ íõÈúÚóËõ ãöäúåõãú (5) ÇáúÈóÚúËõ ÝóíóÞõæáõæäó: ÇäúÙõÑõæÇ åóáú ÊóÌöÏõæäó Ýöíßõãú ÃóÍóÏðÇ ãöäú ÃóÕúÍóÇÈö ÑóÓõæáö Çááøóåö - Õóáøóì Çááøóåõ Úóáóíúåö æóÓóáøóãó -¿ ÝóíõæÌóÏõ ÇáÑøóÌõáõ ÝóíõÝúÊóÍõ áóåõãú Èöåö.
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(1) åóÐöåö " ÇáÑøöÓóÇáóÉõ " ÃóæúÑóÏóåóÇ ÇÈúäõ ÃóÈöí íóÚúáóì Ýöí ÊóÑúÌóãóÉö ÚóÈúÏõæÓó Èúäö ãóÇáößò ÇáúÚóØøóÇÑö Ýöí " ØóÈóÞóÇÊö ÇáúÍóäóÇÈöáóÉö " 1/241 - 246¡ æóÇáäøóÕøõ ÇáÊøóÇáöí Ýöí 1/243.
(2) ÇáÑøöÓóÇáóÉõ: ßõáøõ ãóäú ÕóÍöÈóåõ ÓóäóÉð Ãóæú ÔóåúÑðÇ.
(3) ÚöÈóÇÑóÉõ " ãõÄúãöäðÇ Èöåö " áóíúÓóÊú Ýöí " ÇáÑøöÓóÇáóÉö ".
(4) ã: ÓóäóÉð æóÔóåúÑðÇ æóíóæúãðÇ æóÓóÇÚóÉð.
(5) ã: Ýöíåöãú.(8/383)
Ëõãøó íõÈúÚóËõ ÇáúÈóÚúËõ ÇáËøóÇäöí¡ ÝóíóÞõæáõæäó: åóáú Ýöíßõãú ãóäú ÑóÃóì ÃóÕúÍóÇÈó ÑóÓõæáö Çááøóåö - Õóáøóì Çááøóåõ Úóáóíúåö æóÓóáøóãó -¿ ÝóíóÞõæáõæäó: äóÚóãú¡ ÝóíõÝúÊóÍõ áóåõãú Èöåö¡ Ëõãøó íõÈúÚóËõ ÇáúÈóÚúËõ ÇáËøóÇáöËõ ÝóíõÞóÇáõ: ÇäúÙõÑõæÇ åóáú ÊóÑóæúäó Ýöíßõãú ãóäú ÑóÃóì ãóäú ÑóÃóì ÃóÕúÍóÇÈó ÑóÓõæáö Çááøóåö - Õóáøóì Çááøóåõ Úóáóíúåö æóÓóáøóãó - ÝóíóÞõæáõæäó: äóÚóãú¡ Ëõãøó íóßõæäõ ÇáúÈóÚúËõ ÇáÑøóÇÈöÚõ ÝóíõÞóÇáõ: åóáú ÊóÑóæúäó Ýöíßõãú ÃóÍóÏðÇ ÑóÃóì ãóäú ÑóÃóì ÃóÕúÍóÇÈó ÑóÓõæáö Çááøóåö - Õóáøóì Çááøóåõ Úóáóíúåö æóÓóáøóãó -¿ ÝóíõæÌóÏõ ÇáÑøóÌõáõ ÝóíõÝúÊóÍõ áóåõãú Èöåö» æóáóÝúÙõ ÇáúÈõÎóÇÑöíøö ËóáóÇËõ ãóÑøóÇÊò (1) ßóÇáÑøöæóÇíóÉö ÇáúÃõæáóìº áóßöäøó áóÝúÙóåõ: íóÃúÊöí Úóáóì ÇáäøóÇÓö ÒóãóÇäñ íóÛúÒõæ ÝöÆóÇãñ ãöäó ÇáäøóÇÓö¡ æóßóÐóáößó ÞóÇáó Ýöí ÇáËøóÇäöíóÉö æóÇáËøóÇáöËóÉö¡ æóÞóÇáó ÝöíåóÇ ßõáøöåóÇ: (ÕóÍöÈó) ¡ æóÇÊøóÝóÞóÊö ÇáÑøöæóÇíóÇÊõ Úóáóì ÐößúÑö ÇáÕøóÍóÇÈóÉö æóÇáÊøóÇÈöÚöíäó æóÊóÇÈöÚöíåöãú æóåõãú (2) ÇáúÞõÑõæäõ ÇáËøóáóÇËóÉõ æóÃóãøóÇ ÇáúÞóÑúäõ ÇáÑøóÇÈöÚõ Ýóåõæó Ýöí ÈóÚúÖöåóǺ æóÐößúÑõ ÇáúÞóÑúäö ÇáËøóÇáöËö ËóÇÈöÊñ Ýöí ÇáúãõÊøóÝóÞö Úóáóíúåö ãöäú ÛóíúÑö æóÌúåò (3) .
ßóãóÇ Ýöí ÇáÕøóÍöíÍóíúäö Úóäö ÇÈúäö ãóÓúÚõæÏò ÞóÇáó: ÞóÇáó ÑóÓõæáõ Çááøóåö - Õóáøóì Çááøóåõ Úóáóíúåö æóÓóáøóãó -: " «ÎóíúÑõ ÃõãøóÊöí ÇáúÞóÑúäõ ÇáøóÐöíäó íóáõæäóäöí¡ Ëõãøó ÇáøóÐöíäó íóáõæäóåõãú¡ Ëõãøó ÇáøóÐöíäó íóáõæäóåõãú¡ Ëõãøó íóÌöÆõ Þóæúãñ ÊóÓúÈöÞõ ÔóåóÇÏóÉõ ÃóÍóÏöåöãú íóãöíäóåõ æóíóãöíäõåõ ÔóåóÇÏóÊóåõ» " (4) .
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(1) Ó¡ È: ãóÑóÇÊöÈó
(2) ä¡ ã: æóåöíó
(3) ÓóÈóÞó åóÐóÇ ÇáúÍóÏöíËõ ÝöíãóÇ ãóÖóì æóÃóæøóáõåõ åõäóÇßó: áóíóÃúÊöíóäøó Úóáóì ÇáäøóÇÓö ÒóãóÇäñ íóÛúÒõæ Ýöíåö ÝöÆóÇãñ ãöäó ÇáäøóÇÓö.
(4) ÓóÈóÞó åóÐóÇ ÇáúÍóÏöíËõ ÝöíãóÇ ãóÖóì 2/35 æóÊóßóáøóãúÊõ åõäóÇßó Úóáóì ÑöæóÇíóÇÊöåö ÇáúãõÎúÊóáöÝóÉö. æóÃóãøóÇ åóÐöåö ÇáÑøöæóÇíóÉõ Úóäú ÚóÈúÏö Çááøóåö Èúäö ãóÓúÚõæÏò - ÑóÖöíó Çááøóåõ Úóäúåõ - Ýóåöíó Ýöí: ÇáúÈõÎóÇÑöíøö 5/3 (ßöÊóÇÈõ ÝóÖóÇÆöáö ÃóÕúÍóÇÈö ÇáäøóÈöíøö. . . ÇáúÈóÇÈõ ÇáúÃóæøóáõ) æóÃóæøóáõåõ Ýöíåö: " ÎóíúÑõ ÇáäøóÇÓö ÞóÑúäöí¡ Ëõãøó ÇáøóÐöíäó íóáõæäóåõãú. . . ÇáúÍóÏöíËó. æóåõæó ÃóíúÖðÇ Ýöí: ÇáúÈõÎóÇÑöíøö 8/91 (ßöÊóÇÈõ ÇáÑøöÞóÇÞö¡ ÈóÇÈõ ãóÇ íõÍúÐóÑõ ãöäú ÒóåúÑóÉö ÇáÏøõäúíóÇ æóÇáÊøóäóÇÝõÓö ÝöíåóÇ) 8/134 (ßöÊóÇÈõ ÇáúÃóíúãóÇäö æóÇáäøõÐõæÑö¡ ÈóÇÈõ ÅöÐóÇ ÞóÇáó ÃóÔúåóÏõ ÈöÇááøóåö. .)(8/384)
æóÝöí ÇáÕøóÍöíÍóíúäö Úóäú ÚöãúÑóÇäó Ãóäøó ÇáäøóÈöíøó - Õóáøóì Çááøóåõ Úóáóíúåö æóÓóáøóãó - ÞóÇáó: " «Åöäøó ÎóíúÑóßõãú ÞóÑúäöí¡ Ëõãøó ÇáøóÐöíäó íóáõæäóåõãú¡ Ëõãøó ÇáøóÐöíäó íóáõæäóåõãúº ÞóÇáó ÚöãúÑóÇäõ: ÝóáóÇ ÃóÏúÑöí ÃóÞóÇáó (1) ÑóÓõæáõ Çááøóåö - Õóáøóì Çááøóåõ Úóáóíúåö æóÓóáøóãó - ÈóÚúÏó ÞóÑúäöåö ÞóÑúäóíúäö Ãóæú ËóáóÇËóÉð¡ Ëõãøó íóßõæäõ ÈóÚúÏóåõãú Þóæúãñ (2) íóÔúåóÏõæäó æóáóÇ íõÓúÊóÔúåóÏõæäó¡ æóíóÎõæäõæäó æóáóÇ íõÄúÊóãóäõæäó æóíóäúÐõÑõæäó æóáóÇ íõæÝõæäó» " (3) æóÝöí ÑöæóÇíóÉò: " æóíóÍúáöÝõæäó æóáóÇ íõÓúÊóÍúáóÝõæäó " (4) ÝóÞóÏú Ôóßøó ÚöãúÑóÇäõ (5) Ýöí ÇáúÞóÑúäö ÇáÑøóÇÈöÚö.
æóÞóæúáõåõ: " íóÔúåóÏõæäó æóáóÇ íõÓúÊóÔúåóÏõæäó " Íóãóáóåõ ØóÇÆöÝóÉñ ãöäó ÇáúÚõáóãóÇÁö Úóáóì ãõØúáóÞö ÇáÔøóåóÇÏóÉö ÍóÊøóì ßóÑöåõæÇ Ãóäú íóÔúåóÏó ÇáÑøóÌõáõ ÈöÍóÞøò ÞóÈúáó Ãóäú íóØúáõÈó ãöäúåõ ÇáúãóÔúåõæÏõ áóåõ ÅöÐóÇ Úóáöãó ÇáÔøóåóÇÏóÉó æóÌóãóÚõæÇ ÈöÐóáößó Èóíúäó åóÐóÇ æóÈóíúäó Þóæúáöåö: " «ÃóáóÇ ÃõÎúÈöÑõßõãú ÈöÎóíúÑö ÇáÔøõåóÏóÇÁö¿ ÇáøóÐöí íóÃúÊöí ÈöÇáÔøóåóÇÏóÉö ÞóÈúáó Ãóäú íõÓúÃóáóåóÇ» " (6) .
æóÞóÇáó ØóÇÆöÝóÉñ ÃõÎúÑóì: ÅöäøóãóÇ ÇáúãõÑóÇÏõ Ðóãøõåõãú Úóáóì ÇáúßóÐöÈö¡ Ãóíú íóÔúåóÏõæäó
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(1) ã: ÞóÇáó
(2) ä¡ ã¡ Ó: ÞóÑúäñ
(3) ÇáúÍóÏöíËõ Úóäú ÚöãúÑóÇäó Èúäö ÍõÕóíúäò - ÑóÖöíó Çááøóåõ Úóäúåõ - ãóÚó ÇÎúÊöáóÇÝò Ýöí ÇáúÃóáúÝóÇÙö - Ýöí: ÇáúÈõÎóÇÑöíøö 5/3 - 4 (ßöÊóÇÈõ ÝóÖóÇÆöáö ÃóÕúÍóÇÈö ÇáäøóÈöíøö. . .) ÇáúÈóÇÈõ ÇáúÃóæøóáõ 8/19 (ßöÊóÇÈõ ÇáÑøöÞóÇÞö¡ ÈóÇÈõ ãóÇ íõÍúÐóÑõ ãöäú ÒóåúÑóÉö ÇáÏøõäúíóÇ. . .) 8/141 - 142 (ßöÊóÇÈõ ÇáúÃóíúãóÇäö æóÇáäøõÐõæÑö¡ ÈóÇÈõ ÅöËúãö ãóäú áóÇ íóÝöí ÈöÇáäøóÐúÑö) ¡ ãõÓúáöãò 4/1964 (ßöÊóÇÈõ ÝóÖóÇÆöáö ÇáÕøóÍóÇÈóÉö¡ ÈóÇÈõ ÝóÖúáö ÇáÕøóÍóÇÈóÉö¡ Ëõãøó ÇáøóÐöíäó íóáõæäóåõãú. . .) ÍóÏöíËñ ÑóÞúãõ 214
(4) ÇáúÍóÏöíËõ Ýöí ãõÓúáöãò Ýöí ÇáúãóæúÖöÚö ÇáÓøóÇÈöÞö 4/1965 (ÍóÏöíËñ ÑóÞúãõ 215.
(5) Ó¡ È: ÚõãóÑõ¡ æóåõæó ÎóØóÃñ.
(6) ÇáúÍóÏöíËõ Úóäú ÒóíúÏö Èúäö ÎóÇáöÏò ÇáúÌõåóäöíøö - ÑóÖöíó Çááøóåõ Úóäúåõ - Ýöí: ãõÓúáöãò 3/1344 (ßöÊóÇÈõ ÇáúÃóÞúÖöíóÉö¡ ÈóÇÈõ ÈóíóÇäö ÎóíúÑö ÇáÔøõåõæÏö) Óõäóäö ÃóÈöí ÏóÇæõÏó 3/414 (ßöÊóÇÈõ ÇáúÃóÞúÖöíóÉö¡ ÈóÇÈñ Ýöí ÇáÔøóåóÇÏóÇÊö) ¡ Óõäóäö ÇáÊøöÑúãöÐöíøö 3/373 (ßöÊóÇÈõ ÇáÔøóåóÇÏóÇÊö¡ ÇáúÈóÇÈõ ÇáúÃóæøóáõ) .(8/385)
ÈöÇáúßóÐöÈö ßóãóÇ Ðóãøóåõãú Úóáóì ÇáúÎöíóÇäóÉö æóÊóÑúßö ÇáúæóÝóÇÁöº ÝóÅöäøó åóÐöåö [ãöäú] (1) ÂíóÇÊö ÇáäøöÝóÇÞö ÇáøóÊöí ÐóßóÑúäóÇåóÇ Ýöí Þóæúáöåö: " «ÂíóÉõ ÇáúãõäóÇÝöÞö ËóáóÇËñ: ÅöÐóÇ ÍóÏøóËó ßóÐóÈó¡ æóÅöÐóÇ æóÚóÏó ÃóÎúáóÝó¡ æóÅöÐóÇ ÇÄúÊõãöäó ÎóÇäó» " ÃóÎúÑóÌóÇåõ Ýöí ÇáÕøóÍöíÍóíúäö (2) .
æóÃóãøóÇ ÇáÔøóåóÇÏóÉõ ÈöÇáúÍóÞøö ÅöÐóÇ ÃóÏøóÇåóÇ ÇáÔøóÇåöÏõ áöãóäú Úóáöãó Ãóäøóåõ ãõÍúÊóÇÌñ ÅöáóíúåóÇ¡ æóáóãú íóÓúÃóáúåõ Ðóáößó ÝóÞóÏú ÞóÇãó ÈöÇáúÞöÓúØö æóÃóÏøóì ÇáúæóÇÌöÈó ÞóÈúáó Ãóäú íõÓúÃóáóåõ¡ æóåõæó ÃóÝúÖóáõ ãöãøóäú áóÇ íõÄóÏøöíåö ÅöáøóÇ ÈöÇáÓøõÄóÇáö ßóãóäú áóåõ ÚöäúÏó ÛóíúÑöåö ÃóãóÇäóÉñ¡ ÝóÃóÏøóÇåóÇ ÞóÈúáó Ãóäú íóÓúÃóáóåõ ÃóÏóÇÁóåóÇ ÍóíúËõ íóÍúÊóÇÌõ ÅöáóíúåóÇ ÕóÇÍöÈõåóÇ æóåóÐóÇ ÃóÝúÖóáõ ãöäú Ãóäú íõÍúæöÌó ÕóÇÍöÈóåóÇ Åöáóì Ðõáøö ÇáÓøõÄóÇáö¡ æóåóÐóÇ ÃóÙúåóÑõ ÇáúÞóæúáóíúäö.
æóåóÐóÇ íõÔúÈöåõ ÇÎúÊöáóÇÝó ÇáúÝõÞóåóÇÁö Ýöí ÇáúÎóÕúãö ÅöÐóÇ ÇÏøóÚóì æóáóãú íóÓúÃóáö ÇáúÍóÇßöãó ÓõÄóÇáó ÇáúãõÏøóÚóì Úóáóíúåö åóáú íóÓúÃóáõåõ ÇáúÌóæóÇÈó¿ æóÇáÕøóÍöíÍõ Ãóäøóåõ íóÓúÃóáõåõ ÇáúÌóæóÇÈó (3) æóáóÇ íóÍúÊóÇÌõ Ðóáößó Åöáóì ÓõÄóÇáö ÇáúãõÏøóÚóì¡ áöÃóäøó ÏóáóÇáóÉó ÇáúÍóÇáö ÊõÛúäöí Úóäö ÇáÓøõÄóÇáö.
ÝóÝöí ÇáúÍóÏöíËö ÇáúÃóæøóáö: " «åóáú Ýöíßõãú ãóäú ÑóÃóì ÑóÓõæáó Çááøóåö - Õóáøóì Çááøóåõ Úóáóíúåö æóÓóáøóãó -¿ "¡ Ëõãøó ÞóÇáó: " åóáú Ýöíßõãú [ãóäú ÑóÃóì] (4) ãóäú ÕóÍöÈó ÑóÓõæáó Çááøóåö - Õóáøóì Çááøóåõ Úóáóíúåö æóÓóáøóãó» -¿ "¡ ÝóÏóáøó Úóáóì Ãóäøó ÇáÑøóÇÆöíó åõæó ÇáÕøóÇÍöÈõ¡ æóåóßóÐóÇ íóÞõæáõ Ýöí ÓóÇÆöÑö ÇáØøóÈóÞóÇÊö Ýöí ÇáÓøõÄóÇáö (5) : " åóáú Ýöíßõãú ãóäú ÑóÃóì ãóäú ÕóÍöÈó [ãóäú ÕóÍöÈó ÑóÓõæáó Çááøóåö¿] (6) "¡ Ëõãøó íóßõæäõ ÇáúãõÑóÇÏõ ÈöÇáÕøóÇÍöÈö ÇáÑøóÇÆöíó.
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(1) ãöäú: ÒöíóÇÏóÉñ Ýöí (È)
(2) ÓóÈóÞó åóÐóÇ ÇáúÍóÏöíËõ ÝöíãóÇ ãóÖóì 2/82
(3) ÇáúÌóæóÇÈõ: ÓóÇÞöØóÉñ ãöäú (ã) .
(4) ãóäú ÑóÃóì: ÓóÇÞöØóÉñ ãöäú (ä) ¡ (ã) ¡ (Ó) .
(5) ÚöÈóÇÑóÉõ " Ýöí ÇáÓøõÄóÇáö ": ÓóÇÞöØóÉñ ãöäú (Ó) ¡ (È) .
(6) ãóÇ Èóíúäó ÇáúãóÚúÞõæÝóÊóíúäö ÓóÇÞöØñ ãöäú (ä) ¡ (ã) . æóÝöí (Ó) : ãóäú ÑóÃóì ãóäú ÕóÍöÈó ÑóÓõæáó Çááøóåö - Õóáøóì Çááøóåõ Úóáóíúåö æóÓóáøóãó -. . .(8/386)
æóÝöí ÇáÑøöæóÇíóÉö ÇáËøóÇäöíóÉö: " «åóáú ÊóÌöÏõæäó Ýöíßõãú ÃóÍóÏðÇ ãöäú ÃóÕúÍóÇÈö ÑóÓõæáö Çááøóåö - Õóáøóì Çááøóåõ Úóáóíúåö æóÓóáøóãó -¿ * Ëõãøó íõÞóÇáõ Ýöí ÇáËøóÇáöËóÉö: " åóáú Ýöíßõãú ãóäú ÑóÃóì [ãóäú ÑóÃóì] (1) ÃóÕúÍóÇÈö ÑóÓõæáö Çááøóåö - Õóáøóì Çááøóåõ Úóáóíúåö æóÓóáøóãó» -. * (2)
æóãóÚúáõæãñ Åöäú ßóÇäó (3) ÇáúÍõßúãõ áöÕóÇÍöÈö ÇáÕøóÇÍöÈö ãõÚóáøóÞðÇ (4) ÈöÇáÑøõÄúíóÉö (5) º ÝóÝöí ÇáøóÐöí ÕóÍöÈó ÑóÓõæáó Çááøóåö - Õóáøóì Çááøóåõ Úóáóíúåö æóÓóáøóãó - ÈöØóÑöíÞö ÇáúÃóæúáóì æóÇáúÃóÍúÑóì.
æóáóÝúÙõ ÇáúÈõÎóÇÑöíøö ÞóÇáó ÝöíåóÇ ßõáøöåóÇ: " ÕóÍöÈó " æóåóÐöåö ÇáúÃóáúÝóÇÙõ Åöäú (6) ßóÇäóÊú ßõáøõåóÇ ãöäú ÃóáúÝóÇÙö ÑóÓõæáö Çááøóåö - Õóáøóì Çááøóåõ Úóáóíúåö æóÓóáøóãó - Ýóåöíó äóÕøñ Ýöí ÇáúãóÓúÃóáóÉöº æóÅöäú ßóÇäó ÞóÏú ÞóÇáó ÈóÚúÖóåóÇ æóÇáÑøóÇæöí ãöËúáõ ÃóÈöí ÓóÚöíÏò íóÑúæöí ÇááøóÝúÙó ÈöÇáúãóÚúäóìº ÝóÞóÏú Ïóáøó Úóáóì Ãóäøó ãóÚúäóì ÃóÍóÏö ÇááøóÝúÙóíúäö ÚöäúÏóåõãú åõæó ãóÚúäóì ÇáúÂÎóÑö¡ æóåõãú ÃóÚúáóãõ ÈöãóÚóÇäöí ãóÇ ÓóãöÚõæåõ ãöäú ßóáóÇãö ÑóÓõæáö Çááøóåö - Õóáøóì Çááøóåõ Úóáóíúåö æóÓóáøóãó -.
æóÃóíúÖðÇ ÝóÅöäú ßóÇäó áóÝúÙõ ÇáäøóÈöíøö - Õóáøóì Çááøóåõ Úóáóíúåö æóÓóáøóãó - (ÑóÃóì) ÝóÞóÏú ÍóÕóáó ÇáúãóÞúÕõæÏõ æóÅöäú ßóÇäó áóÝúÙõåõ " ÕóÍöÈó " Ýöí ØóÈóÞóÉò Ãóæú ØóÈóÞóÇÊòº ÝóÅöäú áóãú íõÑöÏú Èöåö ÇáÑøõÄúíóÉó áóãú íóßõäú ÞóÏú Èóíøóäó ãõÑóÇÏóåõº ÝóÅöäøó ÇáÕøõÍúÈóÉó ÇÓúãõ ÌöäúÓò áóíúÓó áóåóÇ ÍóÏøñ Ýöí ÇáÔøóÑúÚö æóáóÇ Ýöí ÇááøõÛóÉö¡ æóÇáúÚõÑúÝõ ÝöíåóÇ ãõÎúÊóáöÝñ.
æóÇáäøóÈöíøõ - Õóáøóì Çááøóåõ Úóáóíúåö æóÓóáøóãó - áóãú íõÞóíøöÏö ÇáÕøõÍúÈóÉó ÈöÞóíúÏò æóáóÇ ÞóÏøóÑóåóÇ ÈöÞóÏúÑòº Èóáú ÚóáøóÞó (7) ÇáúÍõßúãó ÈöãõØúáóÞöåóÇ¡ æóáóÇ ãõØúáóÞó áóåóÇ ÅöáøóÇ ÇáÑøõÄúíóÉõ.
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(1) ãóäú ÑóÃúì: ÓóÇÞöØóÉñ ãöäú (ä) ¡ (Ó) .
(2) ãóÇ Èóíúäó ÇáäøóÌúãóÊóíúäö ÓóÇÞöØñ ãöäú (ã) .
(3) ä¡ ã¡ Ó: Ãóäøóåõ ßóÇäó
(4) ã: ãõÊóÚóáøöÞðÇ.
(5) ä: ÈöÇáÑøöæóÇíóÉö
(6) ä: æóÅöäú
(7) Ó: ÈöÞóÏúÑò áóæú ÚóáøóÞó:. .¡ È: ÈöÞóÏúÑò æóÚóáøóÞó. .(8/387)
æóÃóíúÖðÇ ÝóÅöäøóåõ íõÞóÇáõ: ÕóÍöÈóåõ ÓóÇÚóÉð æóÕóÍöÈóåõ ÓóäóÉð æóÔóåúÑðÇ ÝóÊóÞóÚõ Úóáóì ÇáúÞóáöíáö æóÇáúßóËöíÑö ÝóÅöÐóÇ ÃõØúáöÞóÊú ãöäú ÛóíúÑö ÞóíúÏò áóãú íóÌõÒú ÊóÞúíöíÏõåóÇ ÈöÛóíúÑö Ïóáöíáòº Èóáú ÊõÍúãóáõ Úóáóì ÇáúãóÚúäóì ÇáúãõÔúÊóÑóßö Èóíúäó ÓóÇÆöÑö ãóæóÇÑöÏö ÇáöÇÓúÊöÚúãóÇáö.
æóáóÇ ÑóíúÈó Ãóäøó ãõÌóÑøóÏó ÑõÄúíóÉö ÇáúÅöäúÓóÇäö áöÛóíúÑöåö áóÇ ÊõæÌöÈõ Ãóäú íõÞóÇáó: ÞóÏú ÕóÍöÈóåõ æóáóßöäú ÅöÐóÇ ÑóÂåõ Úóáóì æóÌúåö ÇáöÇÊøöÈóÇÚö áóåõ æóÇáöÇÞúÊöÏóÇÁö Èöåö Ïõæäó ÛóíúÑöåö æóÇáöÇÎúÊöÕóÇÕö Èöåö (1) ¡ æóáöåóÐóÇ áóãú íõÚúÊóÏøó ÈöÑõÄúíóÉö ãóäú ÑóÃóì ÇáäøóÈöíøó - Õóáøóì Çááøóåõ Úóáóíúåö æóÓóáøóãó - ãöäó ÇáúßõÝøóÇÑö æóÇáúãõäóÇÝöÞöíäó ÝóÅöäøóåõãú áóãú íóÑóæúåõ ÑõÄúíóÉó ãóäú ÞóÕóÏóåõ áöÃóäú íõÄúãöäó Èöåö¡ æóíóßõæäó ãöäú ÃóÊúÈóÇÚöåö æóÃóÚúæóÇäöåö ÇáúãõÕóÏøöÞöíäó áóåõ¡ ÝöíãóÇ ÃóÎúÈóÑó (2) ÇáúãõØöíÚöíäó áóåõ ÝöíãóÇ ÃóãóÑó ÇáúãõæóÇáöíäó áóåõ ÇáúãõÚóÇÏöíäó áöãóäú ÚóÇÏóÇåõ ÇáøóÐöí åõæó ÃóÍóÈøõ Åöáóíúåöãú ãöäú ÃóäúÝõÓöåöãú æóÃóãúæóÇáöåöãú æóßõáøö ÔóíúÁò.
æóÇãúÊóÇÒó (3) [ÃóÈõæ ÈóßúÑò] Úóäú ÓóÇÆöÑö (4) ÇáúãõÄúãöäöíäó ÈöÃóäú ÑóÂåõ æóåóÐöåö ÍóÇáõåõ ãóÚóåõ ÝóßóÇäó ÕóÇÍöÈðÇ áóåõ ÈöåóÐóÇ ÇáöÇÚúÊöÈóÇÑö.
æóÏóáöíáñ ËóÇäò ãóÇ ËóÈóÊó Ýöí ÇáÕøóÍöíÍóíúäö Úóäú ÃóÈöí åõÑóíúÑóÉó Úóäö ÇáäøóÈöíøö - Õóáøóì Çááøóåõ Úóáóíúåö æóÓóáøóãó - Ãóäøóåõ ÞóÇáó: " «æóÏöÏúÊõ Ãóäøöí ÑóÃóíúÊõ ÅöÎúæóÇäöí " ÞóÇáõæÇ: íóÇ ÑóÓõæáó Çááøóåö ÃóæóáóÓúäóÇ ÅöÎúæóÇäóßó ÞóÇáó: " Èóáú ÃóäúÊõãú ÃóÕúÍóÇÈöí¡ æóÅöÎúæóÇäöí ÇáøóÐöíäó íóÃúÊõæäó ÈóÚúÏöí íõÄúãöäõæäó Èöí æóáóãú íóÑóæúäöí» " (5) .
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(1) Èöåö: ÓóÇÞöØóÉñ ãöäú (Ó) ¡ (È)
(2) ã: ÝöíãóÇ ÃóÎúÈóÑó Èöåö.
(3) È: æóÇãúÊóÇÒóÇ¡ æóåõæó ÎóØóÃñ
(4) ä¡ ã¡ Ó: æóÇãúÊóÇÒõæÇ Úóäú ÓóÇÆöÑö. .¡ È: æóÇãúÊóÇÒóÇ Úóäú ÓóÇÆöÑö. . æóÇáúßóáóÇãõ äóÇÞöÕñº æóáóÚóáøó ãóÇ ÃõËúÈöÊõåõ ÊóÓúÊóÞöíãõ Èöåö ÇáúÚöÈóÇÑóÉõ.
(5) ÓóÈóÞó åóÐóÇ ÇáúÍóÏöíËõ ÝöíãóÇ ãóÖóì 7(8/388)
æóãóÚúáõæãñ Ãóäøó Þóæúáóåõ: " ÅöÎúæóÇäöí " ÃóÑóÇÏó Èöåö: ÅöÎúæóÇäöí ÇáøóÐöíäó áóíúÓõæÇ ÈöÃóÕúÍóÇÈöí (1) ¡ æóÃóãøóÇ ÃóäúÊõãú Ýóáóßõãú ãóÒöíøóÉõ ÇáÕøõÍúÈóÉö (2) ¡ Ëõãøó ÞóÇáó: " «Þóæúãñ íóÃúÊõæäó ÈóÚúÏöí íõÄúãöäõæäó Èöí æóáóãú íóÑóæúäöí» "º ÝóÌóÚóáó åóÐóÇ ÍóÏøðÇ ÝóÇÕöáðÇ Èóíúäó ÅöÎúæóÇäöåö ÇáøóÐöíäó æóÏøó Ãóäú íóÑóÇåõãú æóÈóíúäó ÃóÕúÍóÇÈöåöº ÝóÏóáøó Úóáóì Ãóäøó ãóäú Âãóäó Èöåö æóÑóÂåõ¡ Ýóåõæó ãöäú ÃóÕúÍóÇÈöåö (3) áóÇ ãöäú åóÄõáóÇÁö ÇáúÅöÎúæóÇäö ÇáøóÐöíäó áóãú íóÑóåõãú æóáóãú íóÑóæúåõ.
ÝóÅöÐóÇ ÚõÑöÝó Ãóäøó ÇáÕøõÍúÈóÉó ÇÓúãõ ÌöäúÓò ÊóÚõãøõ Þóáöíáó ÇáÕøõÍúÈóÉö æóßóËöíÑóåóÇ¡ æóÃóÏúäóÇåóÇ Ãóäú íóÕúÍóÈóåõ ÒóãóäðÇ ÞóáöíáðÇ ÝóãóÚúáõæãñ Ãóäøó ÇáÕøöÏøöíÞó Ýöí ÐõÑúæóÉö ÓóäóÇãö ÇáÕøõÍúÈóÉö¡ æóÃóÚúáóì ãóÑóÇÊöÈöåóÇ ÝóÅöäøóåõ ÕóÍöÈóåõ ãöäú Íöíäö ÈóÚúËöåö (4) Çááøóåõ Åöáóì Ãóäú ãóÇÊó¡ æóÞóÏú ÃóÌúãóÚó ÇáäøóÇÓõ Úóáóì Ãóäøóåõ Ãóæøóáõ ãóäú Âãóäó Èöåö ãöäó ÇáÑøöÌóÇáö ÇáúÃóÍúÑóÇÑö¡ ßóãóÇ ÃóÌúãóÚõæÇ Úóáóì Ãóäøó Ãóæøóáó ãóäú Âãóäó Èöåö ãöäó ÇáäøöÓóÇÁö ÎóÏöíÌóÉõ æóãöäó ÇáÕøöÈúíóÇäö Úóáöíøñ æóãöäó ÇáúãóæóÇáöí ÒóíúÏõ Èúäõ ÍóÇÑöËóÉó¡ æóÊóäóÇÒóÚõæÇ Ýöí Ãóæøóáö ãóäú äóØóÞó ÈöÇáúÅöÓúáóÇãö ÈóÚúÏó ÎóÏöíÌóÉó¡ ÝóÅöäú ßóÇäó ÃóÈõæ ÈóßúÑò ÃóÓúáóãó ÞóÈúáó Úóáöíøò ÝóÞóÏú ËóÈóÊó Ãóäøóåõ ÃóÓúÈóÞõ ÕõÍúÈóÉð ßóãóÇ ßóÇäó ÃóÓúÈóÞó ÅöíãóÇäðÇ¡ æóÅöäú ßóÇäó Úóáöíøñ ÃóÓúáóãó ÞóÈúáóåõ ÝóáóÇ ÑóíúÈó Ãóäøó ÕõÍúÈóÉó ÃóÈöí ÈóßúÑò áöáäøóÈöíøö - Õóáøóì Çááøóåõ Úóáóíúåö æóÓóáøóãó - ßóÇäóÊú Ãóßúãóáó æóÃóäúÝóÚó áóåõ ãöäú ÕõÍúÈóÉö Úóáöíøò æóäóÍúæöåöº ÝóÅöäøóåõ ÔóÇÑóßóåõ Ýöí ÇáÏøóÚúæóÉö ÝóÃóÓúáóãó Úóáóì íóÏóíúåö ÃóßóÇÈöÑõ Ãóåúáö ÇáÔøõæÑóì (5) ¡ ßóÚõËúãóÇäó æóØóáúÍóÉó æóÇáÒøõÈóíúÑö
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(1) ä¡ Ó¡ È: ÃóÕúÍóÇÈöíó
(2) ã: ãóÒöíÏõ ÇáÕøõÍúÈóÉö¡ Ó¡ È: ãóÒöíøóÉñ Ýöí ÇáÕøõÍúÈóÉö.
(3) ã: ãöäó ÇáÕøóÍóÇÈóÉö
(4) ä: ÝóÅöäøóåõ ÈóÚóËóåõ ãöäú Íöíäö ÈóÚúËöåö. . .¡ æóåõæó ÎóØóÃñ.
(5) ã: ÇáÔøóßøóÉö.(8/389)
æóÓóÚúÏò æóÚóÈúÏö ÇáÑøóÍúãóäö¡ æóßóÇäó íóÏúÝóÚõ Úóäúåõ ãóäú íõÄúÐöíåö¡ æóíóÎúÑõÌõ ãóÚóåõ Åöáóì ÇáúÞóÈóÇÆöáö æóíõÚöíäõåõ Ýöí ÇáÏøóÚúæóÉö¡ æóßóÇäó íóÔúÊóÑöí ÇáúãõÚóÐøóÈöíäó Ýöí Çááøóåö ßóÈöáóÇáò æóÚóãøóÇÑò æóÛóíúÑöåöãóÇ ÝóÅöäøóåõ ÇÔúÊóÑóì ÓóÈúÚóÉð ãöäó ÇáúãõÚóÐøóÈöíäó Ýöí Çááøóåö¡ ÝóßóÇäó ÃóäúÝóÚó ÇáäøóÇÓö áóåõ Ýöí ÕõÍúÈóÊöåö ãõØúáóÞðÇ.
æóáóÇ äöÒóÇÚó Èóíúäó Ãóåúáö ÇáúÚöáúãö ÈöÍóÇáö ÇáäøóÈöíøö - Õóáøóì Çááøóåõ Úóáóíúåö æóÓóáøóãó - æóÃóÕúÍóÇÈöåö Ãóäøó ãõÕóÇÍóÈóÉó ÃóÈöí ÈóßúÑò áóåõ ßóÇäóÊú Ãóßúãóáó ãöäú ãõÕóÇÍóÈóÉö ÓóÇÆöÑö ÇáÕøóÍóÇÈóÉö [ãöäú æõÌõæåò] (1) : ÃóÍóÏõåóÇ: Ãóäøóåõ ßóÇäó ÃóÏúæóãó ÇÌúÊöãóÇÚðÇ Èöåö áóíúáðÇ æóäóåóÇÑðÇ æóÓóÝóÑðÇ æóÍóÖóÑðÇ ßóãóÇ Ýöí ÇáÕøóÍöíÍóíúäö Úóäú ÚóÇÆöÔóÉó ÃóäøóåóÇ ÞóÇáóÊú: " «áóãú ÃóÚúÞöáú ÃóÈóæóíøó ÞóØøõ ÅöáøóÇ æóåõãóÇ íóÏöíäóÇäö ÇáÏøöíäó¡ æóáóãú íóãúÖö ÚóáóíúäóÇ íóæúãñ ÅöáøóÇ æóÑóÓõæáõ Çááøóåö - Õóáøóì Çááøóåõ Úóáóíúåö æóÓóáøóãó - íóÃúÊöíäóÇ Ýöíåö ØóÑóÝóíö ÇáäøóåóÇÑö» " (2) .
ÝóßóÇäó ÇáäøóÈöíøõ - Õóáøóì Çááøóåõ Úóáóíúåö æóÓóáøóãó - Ýöí Ãóæøóáö ÇáúÃóãúÑö íóÐúåóÈõ Åöáóì ÃóÈöí ÈóßúÑò ØóÑóÝóíö ÇáäøóåóÇÑö¡ æóÇáúÅöÓúáóÇãõ ÅöÐóÇ ÐóÇßó ÖóÚöíÝñ æóÇáúÃóÚúÏóÇÁõ ßóËöíÑóÉñ¡ æóåóÐóÇ ÛóÇíóÉõ ÇáúÝóÖöíáóÉö æóÇáöÇÎúÊöÕóÇÕö Ýöí ÇáÕøõÍúÈóÉö.
æóÃóíúÖðÇ ÝóßóÇäó ÃóÈõæ ÈóßúÑò íóÓúãõÑõ ÚöäúÏó ÇáäøóÈöíøö - Õóáøóì Çááøóåõ Úóáóíúåö æóÓóáøóãó - ÈóÚúÏó ÇáúÚöÔóÇÁö íóÊóÍóÏøóËõ ãóÚóåõ Ýöí ÃõãõæÑö ÇáúãõÓúáöãöíäó Ïõæäó ÛóíúÑöåö ãöäú ÃóÕúÍóÇÈöåö.
æóÃóíúÖðÇ ÝóßóÇäó ÇáäøóÈöíøõ - Õóáøóì Çááøóåõ Úóáóíúåö æóÓóáøóãó - ÅöÐóÇ ÇÓúÊóÔóÇÑó ÃóÕúÍóÇÈóåõ Ãóæøóáõ ãóäú íóÊóßóáøóãõ ÃóÈõæ ÈóßúÑò Ýöí ÇáÔøõæÑóì æóÑõÈøóãóÇ Êóßóáøóãó ÛóíúÑõåõ¡ æóÑõÈøóãóÇ áóãú íóÊóßóáøóãú ÛóíúÑõåõ ÝóíóÚúãóáõ ÈöÑóÃúíöåö æóÍúÏóåõ ÝóÅöÐóÇ ÎóÇáóÝóåõ ÛóíúÑõåõ ÇÊøóÈóÚó ÑóÃúíóåõ Ïõæäó ÑóÃúíö ãóäú íõÎóÇáöÝõåõ.
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(1) ÚöÈóÇÑóÉõ " ãöäú æõÌõæåò " ÓóÇÞöØóÉñ ãöäú (ä) ¡ (ã) .
(2) ÓóíóÑöÏõ åóÐóÇ ÇáúßóáóÇãõ ãöäú ÍóÏöíËò ãõØóæøóáò ÝöíãóÇ íóáöí Ýöí åóÐóÇ ÇáúÌõÒúÁö¡ Õ Åöäú ÔóÇÁó Çááøóåõ.(8/390)
ÝóÇáúÃóæøóáõ ßóãóÇ Ýöí ÇáÕøóÍöíÍóíúäö Ãóäøóåõ ÔóÇæóÑó ÃóÕúÍóÇÈóåõ Ýöí ÃõÓóÇÑóì ÈóÏúÑò ÝóÊóßóáøóãó ÃóÈõæ ÈóßúÑò ÝóÑóæóì ãõÓúáöãñ Ýöí ÕóÍöíÍöåö Úóäö ÇÈúäö ÚóÈøóÇÓò ÞóÇáó: «áóãøóÇ ÃõÓöÑó ÇáúÃõÓóÇÑóì íóæúãó ÈóÏúÑò¡ ÞóÇáó ÑóÓõæáõ Çááøóåö - Õóáøóì Çááøóåõ Úóáóíúåö æóÓóáøóãó - áöÃóÈöí ÈóßúÑò æóÚõãóÑó: " ãóÇ ÊóÑóæúäó Ýöí åóÄõáóÇÁö ÇáúÃõÓóÇÑóì¿ " ÝóÞóÇáó ÃóÈõæ ÈóßúÑò: åõãú Èóäõæ ÇáúÚóãøö æóÇáúÚóÔöíÑóÉö¡ ÝóÃóÑóì Ãóäú ÊõÞúÈóáó ãöäúåõãõ ÇáúÝöÏúíóÉõ ÝóÊóßõæäõ áóäóÇ ÞõæøóÉð Úóáóì ÇáúßõÝøóÇÑö ÝóÞóÇáó ÚõãóÑõ: áóÇ æóÇááøóåö íóÇ ÑóÓõæáó Çááøóåö ãóÇ ÃóÑóì ãóÇ ÑóÃóì ÃóÈõæ ÈóßúÑòº æóáóßöäú Ãóäú ÊóãóßøöäóäóÇ ÝóäóÖúÑöÈó ÃóÚúäóÇÞóåõãú: Êõãóßøöäó ÚóáöíøðÇ ãöäú ÚóÞöíáò ÝóíóÖúÑöÈó ÚõäõÞóåõ¡ æóÊõãúßöäó ÍóãúÒóÉó ãöäó ÇáúÚóÈøóÇÓö ÝóíóÖúÑöÈó ÚõäõÞóåõ¡ æóÊõãóßøöäóäöí ãöäú ÝõáóÇäò - ÞóÑöíÈò áöÚõãóÑó - ÝóÃóÖúÑöÈó ÚõäõÞóåõ. æóÃóÔóÇÑó ÇÈúäõ ÑóæóÇÍóÉó ÈöÊóÍúÑöíÝöåöãú ÝóÇÎúÊóáóÝó ÃóÕúÍóÇÈõåõ¡ Ýóãöäúåõãú ãóäú íóÞõæáõ: ÇáÑøóÃúíõ ãóÇ ÑóÃóì ÃóÈõæ ÈóßúÑò æóãöäúåõãú ãóäú íóÞõæáõ: ÇáÑøóÃúíõ ãóÇ ÑóÃóì ÚõãóÑõ¡ æóãöäúåõãú ãóäú íóÞõæáõ: ÇáÑøóÃúíõ ãóÇ ÑóÃóì ÇÈúäõ ÑóæóÇÍóÉó¡ ÞóÇáó: Ýóåóæöíó ÑóÓõæáõ Çááøóåö - Õóáøóì Çááøóåõ Úóáóíúåö æóÓóáøóãó - ãóÇ ÞóÇáó ÃóÈõæ ÈóßúÑò æóáóãú íóåúæó ãóÇ ÞõáúÊõ» . æóÐóßóÑó ÊóãóÇãó ÇáúÍóÏöíËö (1) .
æóÃóãøóÇ ÇáËøóÇäöí: ÝóÝöí íóæúãö ÇáúÍõÏóíúÈöíóÉó áóãøóÇ ÔóÇæóÑóåõãú Úóáóì Ãóäú íõÛöíÑó Úóáóì ÐõÑøöíøóÉö ÇáøóÐöíäó ÃóÚóÇäõæÇ ÞõÑóíúÔðÇ¡ Ãóæú íóÐúåóÈó Åöáóì ÇáúÈóíúÊöº Ýóãóäú ÕóÏøóåõ ÞóÇÊóáóåõ¡ æóÇáúÍóÏöíËõ ãóÚúÑõæÝñ (2) ÚöäúÏó Ãóåúáö ÇáúÚöáúãö Ãóåúáö ÇáÊøóÝúÓöíÑö æóÇáúãóÛóÇÒöí æóÇáÓøöíóÑö æóÇáúÝöÞúåö¡ æóÇáúÍóÏöíËõ ÑóæóÇåõ ÇáúÈõÎóÇÑöíøõ æóÑóæóÇåõ ÃóÍúãóÏõ Ýöí ãõÓúäóÏöåö (3) .
ÍóÏøóËóäóÇ ÚóÈúÏõ ÇáÑøóÒøóÇÞö Úóäú ãóÚúãóÑò¡ ÞóÇáó: ÞóÇáó ÇáÒøõåúÑöíøõ: ÃóÎúÈóÑóäöí ÚõÑúæóÉõ Èúäõ
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(1) ãóÖóì åóÐóÇ ÇáúÍóÏöíËõ ãöäú ÞóÈúáõ.
(2) Ó¡ È: ãóÚúáõæãñ
(3) ÇáäøóÕøõ ÇáÊøóÇáöí Ýöí ÇáúãõÓúäóÏö (Ø. ÇáúÍóáóÈöíøö) 4/323 - 326¡ 4/328 - 331(8/391)
ÇáÒøõÈóíúÑö Úóäö ÇáúãöÓúæóÑö Èúäö ãóÎúÑóãóÉó æóãóÑúæóÇäó Èúäö ÇáúÍóßóãö íõÕóÏøöÞõ ßõáøñ ãöäúåõãóÇ ÕóÇÍöÈóåõ (1) ¡ ÞóÇáóÇ: «ÎóÑóÌó ÑóÓõæáõ Çááøóåö - Õóáøóì Çááøóåõ Úóáóíúåö æóÓóáøóãó - Òóãóäó (2) ÇáúÍõÏóíúÈöíóÉö Ýöí ÈöÖúÚö ÚóÔúÑóÉö ãöÇÆóÉð ãöäú ÃóÕúÍóÇÈöåö ÍóÊøóì ÅöÐóÇ ßóÇäõæÇ ÈöÐöí ÇáúÍõáóíúÝóÉö ÞóáøóÏó ÑóÓõæáõ Çááøóåö - Õóáøóì Çááøóåõ Úóáóíúåö æóÓóáøóãó - ÇáúåóÏúíó æóÃóÔúÚóÑóåõ¡ æóÃóÍúÑóãó ÈöÚõãúÑóÉò (3) æóÈóÚóËó Èóíúäó íóÏóíúåö ÚóíúäðÇ áóåõ ãöäú ÎõÒóÇÚóÉó íõÎúÈöÑõåõ Úóäú ÞõÑóíúÔò¡ æóÓóÇÑó ÑóÓõæáõ Çááøóåö - Õóáøóì Çááøóåõ Úóáóíúåö æóÓóáøóãó - ÍóÊøóì ÅöÐóÇ ßóÇäó ÈöÛóÏöíÑö ÇáúÃóÔúØóÇØö ÞóÑöíÈðÇ ãöäú ÚõÓúÝóÇäó ÃóÊóÇåõ Úóíúäõåõ ÇáúÎõÒóÇÚöíøõº ÝóÞóÇáó: Åöäøöí ÞóÏú ÊóÑóßúÊõ ßóÚúÈó Èúäó áõÄóíøò æóÚóÇãöÑó Èúäó áõÄóíøò ÞóÏú ÌóãóÚõæÇ áóßó ÇáúÃóÍóÇÈöíÔó» "¡ ÞóÇáó ÃóÍúãóÏõ: " æóÞóÇáó íóÍúíóì Èúäõ ÓóÚöíÏò Úóäö ÇÈúäö ÇáúãõÈóÇÑóßö " (4) : " «ÞóÏú ÌóãóÚõæÇ áóßó ÇáúÃóÍóÇÈöíÔó¡ æóÌóãóÚõæÇ áóßó ÌõãõæÚðÇ æóåõãú ãõÞóÇÊöáõæßó æóÕóÇÏøõæßó Úóäö ÇáúÈóíúÊöº ÝóÞóÇáó ÇáäøóÈöíøõ - Õóáøóì Çááøóåõ Úóáóíúåö æóÓóáøóãó -: " ÃóÔöíÑõæÇ Úóáóíøó (5) : ÃóÊóÑóæúäó Ãóäú Ãóãöíáó (6) Åöáóì ÐóÑóÇÑöíøö åóÄõáóÇÁö ÇáøóÐöíäó ÃóÚóÇäõæåõãú ÝóäõÕöíÈóåõãúº ÝóÅöäú ÞóÚóÏõæÇ ÞóÚóÏõæÇ ãóæúÊõæÑöíäó ãóÍúÑõæÈöíäó (7) ¡ æóÅöäú äóÌóæúÇ íóßõäú ÚõäõÞðÇ ÞóØóÚóåóÇ Çááøóåõ¡ Ãóæú ÊóÑóæúäó Ãóäú äóÄõãøó ÇáúÈóíúÊó¡ Ýóãóäú ÕóÏøóäóÇ Úóäúåõ ÞóÇÊóáúäóÇåõ ÝóÞóÇáó ÃóÈõæ ÈóßúÑò: Çááøóåõ æóÑóÓõæáõåõ ÃóÚúáóãõ íóÇ äóÈöíøó Çááøóåöº ÅöäøóãóÇ ÌöÆúäóÇ ãõÚúÊóãöÑöíäó æóáóãú äóÌöÆú áöÞöÊóÇáö ÃóÍóÏò (8) ¡ æóáóßöäú ãóäú
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(1) ÇáúãõÓúäóÏõ: íõÕóÏøöÞõ ßõáøõ æóÇÍöÏò ãöäúåõãóÇ ÍóÏöíËó ÕóÇÍöÈöåö
(2) ÇáúãõÓúäóÏõ: ÒóãóÇäó
(3) ÇáúãõÓúäóÏõ: ÈöÇáúÚõãúÑóÉö
(4) åóÐöåö ÇáÒøöíóÇÏóÉõ ÇáúãõÚúÊóÑöÖóÉõ ÌóÇÁóÊú Ýöí ÇáúãõÓúäóÏö ÈóÚúÏó åóÐóÇ ÇáúãóæúÖöÚö ÈöÓóØúÑóíúäö.
(5) ä. ã. Ó: Åöáóíøó. æóÇáúãõËúÈóÊõ ãöäú (È) ¡ ÇáúãõÓúäóÏö.
(6) ÇáúãõÓúäóÏõ: äóãöíáó.
(7) ä: ãóÍúÒõæäöíäó. æóÝöí ÇáúãõÓúäóÏö ÈóÚúÏó ÚöÈóÇÑóÉö " æóÅöäú äóÌóæúÇ ": æóÞóÇáó íóÍúíóì Èúäõ ÓóÚöíÏò Úóäö ÇÈúäö ÇáúãõÈóÇÑóßö: ãóÍúÒõæäöíäó¡ æóÅöäú íóÍúäõæäó Êóßõäú. . .
(8) ÇáúãõÓúäóÏõ:. . . äõÞóÇÊöáõ ÃóÍóÏðÇ. .(8/392)
ÍóÇáó ÈóíúäóäóÇ æóÈóíúäó ÇáúÈóíúÊö ÞóÇÊóáúäóÇåõ¡ ÞóÇáó ÇáäøóÈöíøõ - Õóáøóì Çááøóåõ Úóáóíúåö æóÓóáøóãó -: " ÝóÑóæøöÍõæÇ ÅöÐðÇ» ". ÞóÇáó ÇáÒøõåúÑöíøõ: «æóßóÇäó ÃóÈõæ åõÑóíúÑóÉó íóÞõæáõ: ãóÇ ÑóÃóíúÊõ ÃóÍóÏðÇ ÞóØøõ ßóÇäó ÃóßúËóÑó ãóÔõæÑóÉð áöÃóÕúÍóÇÈöåö ãöäú ÑóÓõæáö Çááøóåö - Õóáøóì Çááøóåõ Úóáóíúåö æóÓóáøóãó» - (1) ¡ ÞóÇáó ÇáÒøõåúÑöíøõ: ÍóÏöíËõ (2) ÇáúãöÓúæóÑö Èúäö ãóÎúÑóãóÉó æóãóÑúæóÇäó Èúäö ÇáúÍóßóãö: ÝóÑóÇÍõæÇ ÍóÊøóì ÅöÐóÇ ßóÇäõæÇ ÈöÈóÚúÖö ÇáØøóÑöíÞö ".
æóãöäú åõäóÇ ÑóæóÇåõ ÇáúÈõÎóÇÑöíøõ ãöäú ØóÑöíÞò æóÑóæóÇåõ Ýöí ÇáúãõÛóÇÒöí æóÇáúÍóÌøö (3) .
æóÞóÇáó ÇáÒøõåúÑöíøõ Ýöí ÍóÏöíËö ÇáúãöÓúæóÑö ÇáøóÐöí ÇÊøóÝóÞó Úóáóíúåö ÃóÍúãóÏõ æóÇáúÈõÎóÇÑöíøõ (4) «ÍóÊøóì ÅöÐóÇ ßóÇäõæÇ ÈöÈóÚúÖö ÇáØøóÑöíÞö ÞóÇáó ÇáäøóÈöíøõ - Õóáøóì Çááøóåõ Úóáóíúåö æóÓóáøóãó -: Åöäøó ÎóÇáöÏó Èúäó ÇáúæóáöíÏö ÈöÇáúÛóãöíãö Ýöí Îóíúáò áöÞõÑóíúÔò ØóáöíÚóÉð¡ ÝóÎõÐõæÇ ÐóÇÊó Çáúíóãöíäö¡ ÝóæóÇááøóåö ãóÇ ÔóÚóÑó Èöåöãú ÎóÇáöÏñ ÍóÊøóì ÅöÐóÇ åõãú (5) ÈöÞóÊóÑóÉö ÇáúÌóíúÔöº ÝóÇäúØóáóÞó íóÑúßõÖõ äóÐöíÑðÇ áöÞõÑóíúÔò¡ æóÓóÇÑó ÇáäøóÈöíøõ - Õóáøóì Çááøóåõ Úóáóíúåö æóÓóáøóãó - ÍóÊøóì ÅöÐóÇ ßóÇäó ÈöÇáËøóäöíøóÉö ÇáøóÊöí íõåúÈóØõ
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(1) åóÐöåö ÇáÒøöíóÇÏóÉõ ãöäú ßóáóÇãö ÇáÒøõåúÑöíøö åöíó ãöäú ÍóÏöíËò ÑóæóÇåõ ÇáÊøöÑúãöÐöíøõ Ýöí Óõäóäöåö Úóäú ÃóÈöí åõÑóíúÑóÉó - ÑóÖöíó Çááøóåõ Úóäúåõ - 3/129 (ßöÊóÇÈõ ÇáúÌöåóÇÏö¡ ÈóÇÈõ ãóÇ ÌóÇÁó Ýöí ÇáúãóÔõæÑóÉö) æóåõæó ãõæóÇÝöÞñ áöÑöæóÇíóÉö ÇáÒøõåúÑöíøö åõäóÇ.
(2) ÇáúãõÓúäóÏõ: Ýöí ÍóÏöíËö
(3) ÇáúÍóÏöíËõ - ãõØóæøóáðÇ æóãõÎúÊóÕóÑðÇ ãóÚó ÇÎúÊöáóÇÝò Ýöí ÇáúÃóáúÝóÇÙö - Úóäö ÇáúãöÓúæóÑö Èúäö ãóÎúÑóãóÉó æóãóÑúæóÇäó Èúäö ÇáúÍóßóãö - ÑóÖöíó Çááøóåõ ÚóäúåõãóÇ - Ýöí: ÇáúÈõÎóÇÑöíøö 2/168 - 169 (ßöÊóÇÈõ ÇáúÍóÌøö¡ ÈóÇÈõ ãóäú ÃóÔúÚóÑó æóÞóáøóÏó ÈöÐöí ÇáúÍõáóíúÝóÉö Ëõãøó ÃóÍúÑóãó) 3/193 - 198 (ßöÊóÇÈõ ÇáÔøõÑõæØö¡ ÈóÇÈõ ÇáÔøõÑõæØö Ýöí ÇáúÌöåóÇÏö. . .) 5/126 - 127 (ßöÊóÇÈõ ÇáúãóÛóÇÒöí¡ ÈóÇÈõ ÛóÒúæóÉö ÇáúÍõÏóíúÈöíóÉö 4/32 (ßöÊóÇÈõ ÇáúÌöåóÇÏö¡ ÈóÇÈñ Ýöí ÕõáúÍö ÇáúÚóÏõæøö) . æóÓóÈóÞó ÇáúßóáóÇãõ Úóáóì ÈóÚúÖö ÃóáúÝóÇÙö ÇáúÍóÏöíËö ÝöíãóÇ ãóÖóì
(4) ÇáúßóáóÇãõ ÇáÊøóÇáöí Ýöí ÇáúãõÓúäóÏö¡ æóåõæó Ýöí ÇáúÈõÎóÇÑöíøö 3/193 - 194 (ßöÊóÇÈõ ÇáÔøõÑõæØö. . .)
(5) ä¡ ã¡ Ó¡ ÇáúãõÓúäóÏõ: ÍóÊøóì ÅöÐóÇ åõæó. æóÇáúãõËúÈóÊõ ãöäó (È) ¡ ÇáúÈõÎóÇÑöíøö.(8/393)
Úóáóíúåöãú ãöäúåóÇ ÈóÑóßóÊú Èöåö ÑóÇÍöáóÊõåõ ÝóÞóÇáó ÇáäøóÇÓõ (1) : Íóáú Íóáú ÝóÃóáúÍóÊú ÝóÞóÇáõæÇ ÎóáóÃóÊö ÇáúÞóÕúæóÇÁõ ÎóáóÃóÊö ÇáúÞóÕúæóÇÁõ (2) ¡ ÝóÞóÇáó ÇáäøóÈöíøõ - Õóáøóì Çááøóåõ Úóáóíúåö æóÓóáøóãó -¡ " ãóÇ ÎóáóÃóÊö [ÇáúÞóÕúæóÇÁõ] (3) æóãóÇ ÐóÇßó áóåóÇ ÈöÎõáõÞò¡ æóáóßöäú ÍóÈóÓóåóÇ ÍóÇÈöÓõ ÇáúÝöíáöº Ëõãøó ÞóÇáó: " æóÇáøóÐöí äóÝúÓöí ÈöíóÏöåö áóÇ íóÓúÃóáõæäöí ÎõØøóÉð íõÚóÙøöãõæäó ÝöíåóÇ ÍõÑõãóÇÊö Çááøóåö ÅöáøóÇ ÃóÚúØóíúÊõåõãú ÅöíøóÇåóÇ "¡ Ëõãøó ÒóÌóÑóåóÇ ÝóæóËóÈóÊú¡ ÞóÇáó: ÝóÚóÏóáó Úóäúåõãú ÍóÊøóì äóÒóáó ÈöÃóÞúÕóì ÇáúÍõÏóíúÈöíóÉö Úóáóì ËóãóÏò Þóáöíáö ÇáúãóÇÁö íóÊóÈóÑøóÖõåõ ÇáäøóÇÓõ ÊóÈóÑøõÖðÇ¡ Ýóáóãú íóáúÈóËö ÇáäøóÇÓõ Ãóäú äóÒóÍõæåõ æóÔóßõæúÇ (4) Åöáóì ÑóÓõæáö Çááøóåö - Õóáøóì Çááøóåõ Úóáóíúåö æóÓóáøóãó - ÇáúÚóØóÔó¡ ÝóÇäúÊóÒóÚó ÓóåúãðÇ ãöäú ßöäóÇäóÊöåö¡ Ëõãøó ÃóãóÑóåõãú Ãóäú íóÌúÚóáõæåõ Ýöíåö (5) ÝóæóÇááøóåö ãóÇ ÒóÇáó íóÌöíÔõ áóåõãú ÈöÇáÑøöíøö (6) ÍóÊøóì ÕóÏóÑõæÇ Úóäúåõ¡ ÝóÈóíúäóãóÇ åõãú ßóÐóáößó ÅöÐóÇ ÌóÇÁó ÈõÏóíúáõ Èúäõ æóÑúÞóÇÁó ÇáúÎõÒóÇÚöíøõ æóäóÝóÑñ (7) ãöäú Þóæúãöåö ãöäú ÎõÒóÇÚóÉó æóßóÇäõæÇ ÚóíúÈóÉó äõÕúÍö ÑóÓõæáö (8) Çááøóåö - Õóáøóì Çááøóåõ Úóáóíúåö æóÓóáøóãó - ãöäú Ãóåúáö ÊöåóÇãóÉó» " æóÝöí áóÝúÙò áöÃóÍúãóÏó: " ãõÓúáöãöåöãú æóãõÔúÑößöåöãú (9) " «ÝóÞóÇáó: Åöäøöí ÊóÑóßúÊõ ßóÚúÈó Èúäó áõÄóíøò æóÚóÇãöÑó Èúäó áõÄóíøò äóÒóáõæÇ ÃóÚúÏóÇÏó ãöíóÇåö ÇáúÍõÏóíúÈöíóÉó æóãóÚóåõãõ ÇáúÚõæÐõ ÇáúãóØóÇÝöíáõ¡ æóåõãú ãõÞóÇÊöáõæßõ æóÕóÇÏøõæßó Úóäö ÇáúÈóíúÊö.
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(1) ÇáúãõÓúäóÏõ (ÝóÞóØú) : ÝóÞóÇáó ÇáäøóÈöíøõ - Õóáøóì Çááøóåõ Úóáóíúåö æóÓóáøóãó -.
(2) ÊóßóÑøóÑóÊú ÚöÈóÇÑóÉõ " ÎóáóÃóÊö ÇáúÞóÕúæóÇÁõ " Ýöí (ä) ÝóÞóØú ãóÑøóÊóíúäö¡ æóåõæó ßóÐóáößó Ýöí " ÇáúÈõÎóÇÑöíøö "
(3) ÇáúÞóÕúæóÇÁõ: ÓóÇÞöØóÉñ ãöäú (ä) ¡ (ã) .
(4) ÇáúãõÓúäóÏõ: Ýóáóãú íóáúÈóËúåõ ÇáäøóÇÓõ Ãóäú äóÒóÍõæåõ ÝóÔõßöíó¡ ÇáúÈõÎóÇÑöíøõ: Ýóáóãú íóáúÈóËúåõ ÇáäøóÇÓõ ÍóÊøóì äóÒóÍõæåõ æóÔõßöíó.
(5) ä¡ ã¡ Ó: ÝöíåóÇ
(6) ÈöÇáÑøöíøö: ÓóÇÞöØóÉñ ãöäú (Ó) ¡ (È) .
(7) ÇáúãõÓúäóÏõ. ÇáúÈõÎóÇÑöíøõ: Ýöí äóÝóÑò.
(8) ä¡ ã¡ Ó¡ ÇáúãõÓúäóÏõ: áöÑóÓõæáö. .
(9) Ýöí ÑöæóÇíóÉö ÇáúãõÓúäóÏö 4/323: ãõÓúáöãöåóÇ æóãõÔúÑößöåóÇ.(8/394)
ÝóÞóÇáó ÑóÓõæáõ Çááøóåö - Õóáøóì Çááøóåõ Úóáóíúåö æóÓóáøóãó -: " ÅöäøóÇ áóãú äóÌöÆú áöÞöÊóÇáö ÃóÍóÏò¡ æóáóßöäøóÇ ÌöÆúäóÇ ãõÚúÊóãöÑöíäóº ÝóÅöäøó ÞõÑóíúÔðÇ ÞóÏú äóåößóÊúåõãõ ÇáúÍóÑúÈõ¡ æóÃóÖóÑøóÊú Èöåöãúº ÝóÅöäú ÔóÇÁõæÇ ãóÇÏóÏúÊõåõãú ãõÏøóÉð æóíõÎóáøõæÇ Èóíúäöí æóÈóíúäó ÇáäøóÇÓöº ÝóÅöäú ÃóÙúåóÑõ ÝóÅöäú ÔóÇÁõæÇ Ãóäú íóÏúÎõáõæÇ ÝöíãóÇ ÏóÎóáó Ýöíåö ÇáäøóÇÓõ ÝóÚóáõæÇ æóÅöáøóÇ ÝóÞóÏó ÌóãøõæÇ (1) æóÅöäú åõãú ÃóÈóæúÇ ÝóæóÇáøóÐöí äóÝúÓöí ÈöíóÏöåö áóÃõÞóÇÊöáóäøóåõãú Úóáóì ÃóãúÑöí åóÐóÇ ÍóÊøóì ÊóäúÝóÑöÏó ÓóÇáöÝóÊöí æóáóíõäúÝöÐóäøó (2) Çááøóåõ ÃóãúÑóåõ ". ÞóÇáó ÈõÏóíúáñ: " ÓóÃõÈúáöÛõåõãú ãóÇ ÊóÞõæáõ ÝóÇäúØóáóÞó ÍóÊøóì ÃóÊóì ÞõÑóíúÔðǺ ÝóÞóÇáó: ÅöäøóÇ ÞóÏú ÌöÆúäóÇßõãú ãöäú ÚöäúÏö åóÐóÇ ÇáÑøóÌõáö æóÓóãöÚúäóÇåõ íóÞõæáõ ÞóæúáðǺ ÝóÅöäú ÔöÆúÊõãú Ãóäú äóÚúÑöÖóåõ Úóáóíúßõãú ÝóÚóáúäóÇ¡ ÝóÞóÇáó ÓõÝóåóÇÄõåõãú: áóÇ ÍóÇÌóÉó áóäóÇ Ãóäú ÊõÎúÈöÑóäóÇ Úóäúåõ ÈöÔóíúÁò¡ æóÞóÇáó Ðóæõæ ÇáÑøóÃúíö ãöäúåõãú: åóÇÊö ãóÇ ÓóãöÚúÊóåõ íóÞõæáõ¡ ÞóÇáó ÓóãöÚúÊõåõ íóÞõæáõ: ßóÐóÇ æóßóÐóÇ ÝóÍóÏøóËóåõãú ÈöãóÇ ÞóÇáó ÑóÓõæáõ Çááøóåö - Õóáøóì Çááøóåõ Úóáóíúåö æóÓóáøóãó - ÝóÞóÇãó ÚõÑúæóÉõ Èúäõ ãóÓúÚõæÏò¡ ÝóÞóÇáó: Ãóíú Þóæúãö ÃóáóÓúÊõãú ÈöÇáúæóÇáöÏö¿ (3) ÞóÇáõæÇ: Èóáóì¡ ÞóÇáó: ÃóæóáóÓúÊõ ÈöÇáúæóáóÏö (4) ¿ ¡ ÞóÇáõæÇ: Èóáóì¡ ÞóÇáó: Ýóåóáú ÊóÊøóåöãõæäöí¿ ÞóÇáõæÇ: áóÇ¡ ÞóÇáó: ÃóáóÓúÊõãú ÊóÚúáóãõæäó Ãóäøöí ÇÓúÊóäúÝóÑúÊõ Ãóåúáó ÚõßóÇÙò ÝóáóãøóÇ ÈóáøóÍõæÇ (5) Úóáóíøó ÌöÆúÊõßõãú ÈöÃóåúáöí æóæóáóÏöí æóãóäú ÃóØóÇÚóäöí¿ ÞóÇáõæÇ: Èóáóì¡ ÞóÇáó: ÝóÅöäøó åóÐóÇ ÞóÏú ÚóÑóÖó Úóáóíúßõãú ÎõØøóÉó ÑõÔúÏò ÝóÇÞúÈóáõæåóÇ ãöäúåõ (6) æóÏóÚõæäöí ÂÊöåö¡ ÞóÇáõæÇ: ÇÆúÊöåö¡ ÝóÃóÊóÇåõ
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(1) Ýöí ÔóÑúÍö ÇáúÈõÎóÇÑöíøö: Ãóíö ÇÓúÊóÑóÇÍõæÇ ãöäú ÌõåúÏö ÇáúÍóÑúÈö.
(2) ä¡ ã¡ Ó¡ ÇáúãõÓúäóÏõ: Ãóæú áóíõäúÝöÐóÇäøó.
(3) ä¡ ã¡ Ó: ÈöÇáúæóáóÏö.
(4) ä¡ ã¡ Ó: ÈöÇáúæóÇáöÏö.
(5) ÈóáøóÍõæÇ: Ãóíú ÚóÌóÒõæÇ.
(6) ãöäúåõ: áóíúÓóÊú Ýöí " ÇáúãõÓúäóÏö " æó " ÇáúÈõÎóÇÑöíøö ".(8/395)
ÝóÌóÚóáó íõßóáøöãõ ÇáäøóÈöíøó - Õóáøóì Çááøóåõ Úóáóíúåö æóÓóáøóãó -º ÝóÞóÇáó ÇáäøóÈöíøõ - Õóáøóì Çááøóåõ Úóáóíúåö æóÓóáøóãó - áóåõ äóÍúæðÇ ãöäú Þóæúáöåö áöÈõÏóíúáò¡ ÝóÞóÇáó ÚõÑúæóÉõ ÚöäúÏó Ðóáößó: Ãóíú ãõÍóãøóÏõ¡ ÃóÑóÃóíúÊó Åöäö ÇÓúÊóÃúÕóáúÊó Þóæúãóßó (1) ¡ åóáú ÓóãöÚúÊõ ÃóÍóÏðÇ ãöäó ÇáúÚóÑóÈö (2) ÇÌúÊóÇÍó ÃóÕúáóåõ (3) ÞóÈúáóßó¿ æóÅöäú Êóßõäö ÇáúÃõÎúÑóì¡ ÝóÅöäøöí æóÇááøóåö áóÃóÑóì (4) æõÌõæåðÇ æóÅöäøöí áóÃóÑóì ÃóæúÈóÇÔðÇ (5) ãöäó ÇáäøóÇÓö ÎóáöíÞðÇ Ãóäú íóÝöÑøõæÇ æóíóÏóÚõæßó¡ æóáóÝúÙõ ÃóÍúãóÏó: " ÎõáóÞóÇÁó Ãóäú íóÝöÑøõæÇ æóíóÏóÚõæßó (6) " ÝóÞóÇáó [áóåõ] (7) ÃóÈõæ ÈóßúÑò: - ÑóÖöíó Çááøóåõ Úóäúåõ -: ÇãúÕõÕú ÈóÙúÑó ÇááøóÇÊö (8) ÃóäóÍúäõ äóÝöÑøõ Úóäúåõ æóäóÏóÚõåõ¿ ÝóÞóÇáó: ãóäú ÐóÇ¿ ÞóÇáõæÇ: ÃóÈõæ ÈóßúÑò¡ ÞóÇáó: ÃóãóÇ æóÇáøóÐöí äóÝúÓöí ÈöíóÏöåö áóæúáóÇ íóÏñ ßóÇäóÊú áóßó ÚöäúÏöí áóãú ÃóÌúÒößó ÈöåóÇ áóÃóÌóÈúÊõßó¡ æóÌóÚóáó íõßóáøöãõ ÇáäøóÈöíøó - Õóáøóì Çááøóåõ Úóáóíúåö æóÓóáøóãó - ÝóßõáøóãóÇ ßóáøóãóåõ ÃóÎóÐó ÈöáöÍúíóÊöåö¡ æóÇáúãõÛöíÑóÉõ ÞóÇÆöãñ Úóáóì ÑóÃúÓö ÑóÓõæáö Çááøóåö - Õóáøóì Çááøóåõ Úóáóíúåö æóÓóáøóãó - æóãóÚóåõ ÇáÓøóíúÝõ æóÚóáóíúåö ÇáúãöÛúÝóÑõº ÝóßõáøóãóÇ Ãóåúæóì ÚõÑúæóÉõ ÈöíóÏöåö Åöáóì ÑóÓõæáö Çááøóåö - Õóáøóì Çááøóåõ Úóáóíúåö æóÓóáøóãó - ÖóÑóÈó íóÏóåõ ÈöäóÚúáö (9) ÇáÓøóíúÝö¡ æóíóÞõæáõ: ÃóÎøöÑú íóÏóßó Úóäú áöÍúíóÉö ÑóÓõæáö Çááøóåö - Õóáøóì Çááøóåõ Úóáóíúåö æóÓóáøóãó -¡ ÝóÑóÝóÚó ÚõÑúæóÉõ ÑóÃúÓóåõ (10) ÝóÞóÇáó: ãóäú ÐóÇ (11) ¿ ÞóÇáõæÇ: ÇáúãõÛöíÑóÉõ Èúäõ ÔõÚúÈóÉó.
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(1) ÇáúÈõÎóÇÑöíøõ: ÂãõÑó Þóæúãóßó.
(2) ÇáúÈõÎóÇÑöíøõ¡ ÇáúãõÓúäóÏõ: ÈöÃóÍóÏò ãöäó ÇáúÚóÑóÈö
(3) È¡ Ýöí ÑöæóÇíóÉò áöáúÈõÎóÇÑöíøö: Ãóåúáóåõ.
(4) ã¡ È: áóÇ ÃóÑóì.
(5) ä¡ Ó: æóÃóÑóì ÃóæúÈóÇÔðÇ¡ ã: æóÃóÑóì ÃóæóÔóÇÕðÇ. æóÝöí ÑöæóÇíóÉò áöáúÈõÎóÇÑöíøö " ÃóÔúæóÇÈðÇ ".
(6) ÇáúÚöÈóÇÑóÇÊõ ÇáúãõÚúÊóÑöÖóÉõ Ýöí ÑöæóÇíóÉö ÇáúãõÓúäóÏö.
(7) áóåõ: ÓóÇÞöØóÉñ ãöäú (ä) ¡ (ã) ¡ (Ó)
(8) ÓóÈóÞó ÔóÑúÍõ åóÐöåö ÇáúÚöÈóÇÑóÉö ÝöíãóÇ ãóÖóì
(9) Ýöí " ÇáúãõÓúäóÏö " ÝóÞóØú: ÈöäóÕúáö.
(10)) ä¡ ã¡ Ó¡ ÇáúãõÓúäóÏõ: íóÏóåõ.
(11)) ÇáúÈõÎóÇÑöíøõ¡ ÇáúãõÓúäóÏõ: ãóäú åóÐóÇ.(8/396)
ÞóÇáó: Ãóíú ÛõÏóÑõ¡ ÃóæóáóÓúÊõ ÃóÓúÚóì Ýöí ÛóÏúÑóÊößó¿ æóßóÇäó ÇáúãõÛöíÑóÉõ ÕóÍöÈó ÞóæúãðÇ (1) Ýöí ÇáúÌóÇåöáöíøóÉö¡ ÝóÞóÊóáóåõãú æóÃóÎóÐó ÃóãúæóÇáóåõãú¡ [Ëõãøó ÌóÇÁó ÝóÃóÓúáóãó] (2) ¡ ÝóÞóÇáó ÇáäøóÈöíøõ - Õóáøóì Çááøóåõ Úóáóíúåö æóÓóáøóãó -: " ÃóãøóÇ ÇáúÅöÓúáóÇãõ ÝóÃóÞúÈóáõ¡ æóÃóãøóÇ ÇáúãóÇáõ ÝóáóÓúÊõ ãöäúåõ Ýöí ÔóíúÁò. Ëõãøó Åöäøó ÚõÑúæóÉó ÌóÚóáó íóÑúãõÞõ ÃóÕúÍóÇÈó ÑóÓõæáö Çááøóåö - Õóáøóì Çááøóåõ Úóáóíúåö æóÓóáøóãó - ÈöÚóíúäóíúåö (3) º ÞóÇáó: ÝóæóÇááøóåö ãóÇ ÊóäóÎøóãó ÑóÓõæáõ Çááøóåö - Õóáøóì Çááøóåõ Úóáóíúåö æóÓóáøóãó - äõÎóÇãóÉð ÅöáøóÇ æóÞóÚóÊú Ýöí ßóÝøö ÑóÌõáò ãöäúåõãú ÝóÏóáóßó ÈöåóÇ æóÌúåóåõ æóÌöáúÏóåõ¡ æóÅöÐóÇ ÃóãóÑóåõãõ ÇÈúÊóÏóÑõæÇ ÃóãúÑóåõ æóÅöÐóÇ ÊóæóÖøóÃó ßóÇÏõæÇ íóÞúÊóÊöáõæäó Úóáóì æõÖõæÆöåö¡ æóÅöÐóÇ Êóßóáøóãó ÎóÝóÖõæÇ ÃóÕúæóÇÊóåõãú [ÚöäúÏóåõ] (4) æóãóÇ íóÍöÏøõæäó ÇáäøóÙóÑó Åöáóíúåö ÊóÚúÙöíãðÇ áóåõ¡ ÝóÑóÌóÚó ÚõÑúæóÉõ Åöáóì ÃóÕúÍóÇÈöåö ÝóÞóÇáó: Ãóíú Þóæúãö [æóÇááøóåö] (5) áóÞóÏú æóÝóÏúÊõ Úóáóì Çáúãõáõæßö æóæóÝóÏúÊõ Úóáóì ÞóíúÕóÑó æóßöÓúÑóì æóÇáäøóÌóÇÔöíøöº æóÇááøóåö Åöäú ÑóÃóíúÊõ ãóáößðÇ ÚóÙöíãðÇ (6) ÞóØøõ íõÚóÙøöãõåõ ÃóÕúÍóÇÈõåõ (7) ãóÇ íõÚóÙøöãõ ÃóÕúÍóÇÈó ãõÍóãøóÏò ãõÍóãøóÏðÇ¡ æóÇááøóåö Åöäú ÊóäóÎøóãó ÈöäõÎóÇãóÉò ÅöáøóÇ æóÞóÚóÊú Ýöí íóÏö (8) ÑóÌõáò ãöäúåõãú ÝóÏóáóßó ÈöåóÇ æóÌúåóåõ æóÌöáúÏóåõ¡ æóÅöÐóÇ ÃóãóÑóåõãõ ÇÈúÊóÏóÑõæÇ ÃóãúÑóåõ¡ æóÅöÐóÇ ÊóæóÖøóÃó ßóÇÏõæÇ íóÞúÊóÊöáõæäó Úóáóì æõÖõæÆöåö¡ æóÅöÐóÇ Êóßóáøóãó ÎóÝóÖõæÇ ÃóÕúæóÇÊóåõãú ÚöäúÏóåõ (9) .
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(1) ä¡ ã¡ Ó: ÃóÞúæóÇãðÇ.
(2) ãóÇ Èóíúäó ÇáúãóÚúÞõæÝóÊóíúäö ÓóÇÞöØñ ãöäú (ä) ¡ (ã) ¡ (Ó) .
(3) ÇáúãõÓúäóÏõ: íóÑúãõÞõ ÇáäøóÈöíøó - Õóáøóì Çááøóåõ Úóáóíúåö æóÓóáøóãó - ÈöÚóíúäöåö
(4) ÚöäúÏóåõ: ÓóÇÞöØóÉñ ãöäú (ä) ¡ (ã) ¡ (Ó)
(5) æóÇááøóåö: áóíúÓóÊú Ýöí (ä) ¡ (ã) ¡ (Ó) .
(6) ÚóÙöíãðÇ: áóíúÓóÊú Ýöí (ã) ¡ ÇáúÈõÎóÇÑöíøö¡ ÇáúãõÓúäóÏö.
(7) Ó¡ È: íõÚóÙøöãõåõ Þóæúãõåõ æóÃóÕúÍóÇÈõåõ.
(8) ÇáúÈõÎóÇÑöíøõ¡ ÇáúãõÓúäóÏõ: äõÎóÇãóÉð ÅöáøóÇ æóÞóÚóÊú Ýöí ßóÝøö. .
(9) Ýöí (ä) ¡ (ã) ¡ (Ó) : ÓóÈóÞóÊú ÚöÈóÇÑóÉõ " æóÅöÐóÇ Êóßóáøóãó. . " ÚöÈóÇÑóÉó: æóÅöÐóÇ ÊóæóÖøóÃó. . "(8/397)
æóãóÇ íõÍöÏøõæäó ÇáäøóÙóÑó Åöáóíúåö ÊóÚúÙöíãðÇ áóåõ¡ æóÅöäøóåõ ÞóÏú ÚóÑóÖó Úóáóíúßõãú ÎõØøóÉó ÑõÔúÏò ÝóÇÞúÈóáõæåóǺ ÝóÞóÇáó ÑóÌõáñ ãöäú ßöäóÇäóÉó (1) : ÏóÚõæäöí ÂÊöåö¡ ÝóÞóÇáõæÇ: ÇÆúÊöåö¡ ÝóáóãøóÇ ÃóÔúÑóÝó Úóáóì ÇáäøóÈöíøö - Õóáøóì Çááøóåõ Úóáóíúåö æóÓóáøóãó -[æóÃóÕúÍóÇÈöåö (2) ] ÞóÇáó ÇáäøóÈöíøõ - Õóáøóì Çááøóåõ Úóáóíúåö æóÓóáøóãó -: " åóÐóÇ ÝõáóÇäñ¡ æóåõæó ãöäú Þóæúãò íõÚóÙøöãõæäó ÇáúÈõÏúäó¡ ÝóÇÈúÚóËõæåóÇ áóåõ " [ÝóÈõÚöËóÊú áóåõ] æóÇÓúÊóÞúÈóáóåõ (3) ÇáäøóÇÓõ íõáóÈøõæäó¡ ÝóáóãøóÇ ÑóÃóì Ðóáößó ÞóÇáó: ÓõÈúÍóÇäó Çááøóåö¡ ãóÇ íóäúÈóÛöí áöåóÐóÇ Ãóäú íõÕóÏøó (4) Úóäö ÇáúÈóíúÊö. ÝóáóãøóÇ ÑóÌóÚó Åöáóì ÃóÕúÍóÇÈöåö¡ ÞóÇáó: ÑóÃóíúÊõ ÇáúÈõÏúäó ÞóÏú ÞõáøöÏóÊú æóÃõÔúÚöÑóÊú (5) ¡ ÝóãóÇ ÃóÑóì Ãóäú íõÕóÏøó (6) Úóäö ÇáúÈóíúÊöº ÝóÞóÇãó ÑóÌõáñ íõÞóÇáõ áóåõ ãößúÑóÒõ Èúäõ ÍóÝúÕò ÝóÞóÇáó: ÏóÚõæäöí ÂÊöåö (7) º ÝóáóãøóÇ ÃóÔúÑóÝó Úóáóíúåöãú ÞóÇáó ÇáäøóÈöíøõ - Õóáøóì Çááøóåõ Úóáóíúåö æóÓóáøóãó -: " åóÐóÇ ãößúÑóÒõ Èúäõ ÍóÝúÕò æóåõæó ÑóÌõáñ ÝóÇÌöÑñ " ÝóÌóÚóáó íõßóáøöãõ ÇáäøóÈöíøó - Õóáøóì Çááøóåõ Úóáóíúåö æóÓóáøóãó - ÝóÈóíúäóãóÇ åõæó íõßóáøöãõåõ ÌóÇÁó Óõåóíúáõ Èúäõ ÚóãúÑòæ. ÞóÇáó ãóÚúãóÑñ: ÝóÃóÎúÈóÑóäöí ÃóíøõæÈõ Úóäú ÚößúÑöãóÉó Ãóäøóåõ áóãøóÇ ÌóÇÁó Óõåóíúáñ ÞóÇáó ÇáäøóÈöíøõ - Õóáøóì Çááøóåõ Úóáóíúåö æóÓóáøóãó -: " ÞóÏú Óõåøöáó áóßõãú ãöäú ÃóãúÑößõãú "¡ ÞóÇáó ãóÚúãóÑñ Úóäö ÇáÒøõåúÑöíøö Ýöí ÍóÏöíËöåö: ÝóÌóÇÁó Óõåóíúáñ¡ ÝóÞóÇáó áóåõ: åóÇÊö ÇßúÊõÈú ÈóíúäóäóÇ æóÈóíúäóßó (8) ßöÊóÇÈðÇ¡ ÝóÏóÚóÇ ÇáäøóÈöíøõ - Õóáøóì Çááøóåõ Úóáóíúåö æóÓóáøóãó - ÇáúßóÇÊöÈó ÝóÞóÇáó ÇáäøóÈöíøõ - Õóáøóì Çááøóåõ Úóáóíúåö æóÓóáøóãó -:
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(1) ÇáúÈõÎóÇÑöíøõ¡ ÇáúãõÓúäóÏõ: ãöäú Èóäöí ßöäóÇäóÉó.
(2) æóÃóÕúÍóÇÈöåö: áóíúÓóÊú Ýöí (ä) ¡ (ã) ¡ (Ó) .
(3) ä¡ Ó: ÝóÈóÚóËõæåóÇ áóåõ æóÇÓúÊóÞúÈóáóåõ¡ ã: ÝóÇÈúÚóËõæåóÇ áóåõ æóÇÓúÊóÞúÈóáóåõ.
(4) ÇáúÈõÎóÇÑöíøõ¡ ÇáúãõÓúäóÏõ: áöåóÄõáóÇÁö Ãóäú íõÕóÏøõæÇ.
(5) ã: æóÇÓúÊõÔúÚöÑóÊú.
(6) ÇáúÈõÎóÇÑöíøõ¡ ÇáúãõÓúäóÏõ: Ãóäú íõÕóÏøõæÇ.
(7) ÇáúÈõÎóÇÑöíøõ¡ ÇáúãõÓúäóÏõ: ÂÊöåöº ÝóÞóÇáõæÇ ÇÆúÊöåö.
(8) ÇáúÈõÎóÇÑöíøõ¡ ÇáúãõÓúäóÏõ: æóÈóíúäóßõãú(8/398)
ÇßúÊõÈú (1) ÈöÓúãö Çááøóåö ÇáÑøóÍúãóäö ÇáÑøóÍöíãö " ÝóÞóÇáó Óõåóíúáñ: ÃóãøóÇ ÇáÑøóÍúãóäõ ÝóãóÇ ÃóÏúÑöí (2) ãóÇ åõæó¡ æóáóßöäö ÇßúÊõÈú: ÈöÇÓúãößó Çááøóåõãøó¡ ßóãóÇ ßõäúÊó ÊóßúÊõÈõ ÝóÞóÇáó ÇáúãõÓúáöãõæäó: æóÇááøóåö áóÇ äóßúÊõÈõåóÇ ÅöáøóÇ ÈöÓúãö Çááøóåö ÇáÑøóÍúãóäö ÇáÑøóÍöíãöº ÝóÞóÇáó ÇáäøóÈöíøõ - Õóáøóì Çááøóåõ Úóáóíúåö æóÓóáøóãó -: " ÇßúÊõÈú ÈöÇÓúãößó Çááøóåõãøó "¡ Ëõãøó ÞóÇáó: " åóÐóÇ ãóÇ ÞóÇÖóì Úóáóíúåö ãõÍóãøóÏñ ÑóÓõæáõ Çááøóåö "º ÝóÞóÇáó Óõåóíúáñ: æóÇááøóåö áóæú ßõäøóÇ äóÚúáóãõ Ãóäøóßó ÑóÓõæáõ Çááøóåö ãóÇ ÕóÏóÏúäóÇßó Úóäö ÇáúÈóíúÊö æóáóÇ ÞóÇÊóáúäóÇßó¡ æóáóßöäö ÇßúÊõÈú: ãõÍóãøóÏõ Èúäõ ÚóÈúÏö Çááøóåöº ÝóÞóÇáó ÇáäøóÈöíøõ - Õóáøóì Çááøóåõ Úóáóíúåö æóÓóáøóãó -: " æóÇááøóåö Åöäøöí áóÑóÓõæáõ Çááøóåö æóÅöäú ßóÐøóÈúÊõãõæäöíº ÇßúÊõÈú: ãõÍóãøóÏõ Èúäõ ÚóÈúÏö Çááøóåö ". ÞóÇáó ÇáÒøõåúÑöíøõ: æóÐóáößó áöÞóæúáöåö: " áóÇ íóÓúÃóáõæäöí ÎõØøóÉð íõÚóÙøöãõæäó ÝöíåóÇ ÍõÑõãóÇÊö Çááøóåö ÅöáøóÇ ÃóÚúØóíúÊõåõãú ÅöíøóÇåóÇ ". ÞóÇáó ÇáäøóÈöíøõ - Õóáøóì Çááøóåõ Úóáóíúåö æóÓóáøóãó -: " Úóáóì Ãóäú ÊõÎóáøõæÇ (3) ÈóíúäóäóÇ æóÈóíúäó ÇáúãóÓúÌöÏö ÇáúÍóÑóÇãö äóØõæÝó Èöåö " (4) º ÝóÞóÇáó Óõåóíúáñ: æóÇááøóåö áóÇ ÊóÊóÍóÏøóËõ ÇáúÚóÑóÈõ ÃóäøóÇ ÃõÎöÐúäóÇ ÖóÛúØóÉð¡ æóáóßöäøó ÐóÇßó (5) ãöäó ÇáúÚóÇãö ÇáúãõÞúÈöáö (6) ÝóßóÊóÈó¡ æóÞóÇáó Óõåóíúáñ: æóÚóáóì Ãóäú (7) áóÇ íóÃúÊöíóßó ãöäøóÇ ÑóÌõáñ¡ æóÅöäú ßóÇäó Úóáóì Ïöíäößó ÅöáøóÇ ÑóÏóÏúÊóåõ ÅöáóíúäóÇ ÞóÇáó ÇáúãõÓúáöãõæäó: ÓõÈúÍóÇäó Çááøóåö! ßóíúÝó íõÑóÏøõ Åöáóì ÇáúãõÔúÑößöíäó æóÞóÏú ÌóÇÁó ãõÓúáöãðÇ¿ ÝóÈóíúäóãóÇ åõãú ßóÐóáößó ÅöÐú ÌóÇÁó (8) ÃóÈõæ ÌóäúÏóáö Èúäõ Óõåóíúáö
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(1) ÇßúÊõÈú: áóíúÓóÊú Ýöí " ÇáúÈõÎóÇÑöíøö ".
(2) ÇáúÈõÎóÇÑöíøõ¡ ÇáúãõÓúäóÏõ: ÝóæóÇááøóåö ãóÇ ÃóÏúÑöí.
(3) Ó¡ È: íõÎóáøõæÇ.
(4) ÇáúãõÓúäóÏõ¡ ÇáúÈõÎóÇÑöíøõ: æóÈóíúäó ÇáúÈóíúÊö ÝóäóØõæÝó Èöåö
(5) ÇáúÈõÎóÇÑöíøõ: Ðóáößó¡ ÇáúãõÓúäóÏõ: áóßó
(6) ã: ÇáúÞóÇÈöáö.
(7) ÇáúÈõÎóÇÑöíøõ: ÇáúãõÓúäóÏõ: Ãóäøóåõ.
(8) ÇáúÈõÎóÇÑöíøõ: ÅöÐú ÏóÎóáó.(8/399)
Èúäö ÚóãúÑòæ íóÑúÓõÝõ Ýöí ÞõíõæÏöåö¡ æóÞóÏú ÎóÑóÌó ãöäú ÃóÓúÝóáö ãóßøóÉó ÍóÊøóì Ñóãóì ÈöäóÝúÓöåö Èóíúäó ÃóÙúåõÑö ÇáúãõÓúáöãöíäóº ÝóÞóÇáó Óõåóíúáñ: åóÐóÇ íóÇ ãõÍóãøóÏõ (1) Ãóæøóáõ ãóÇ ÃõÞóÇÖöíßó Úóáóíúåö Ãóäú ÊóÑõÏøóåõ Åöáóíøóº ÞóÇáó: ÝóÞóÇáó ÇáäøóÈöíøõ - Õóáøóì Çááøóåõ Úóáóíúåö æóÓóáøóãó -: " ÅöäøóÇ áóãú äóÞúÖö ÇáúßöÊóÇÈó ÈóÚúÏõ ÞóÇáó: ÝóæóÇááøóåö ÅöÐðÇ áóÇ ÃõÕóÇáöÍõßó Úóáóì ÔóíúÁò ÃóÈóÏðǺ ÞóÇáó ÇáäøóÈöíøõ - Õóáøóì Çááøóåõ Úóáóíúåö æóÓóáøóãó -: " ÝóÃóÌöÒúåõ áöí " ÞóÇáó: ãóÇ ÃóäóÇ ãõÌöíÒõåõ (2) ¡ ÞóÇáó: " Èóáóì ÝóÇÝúÚóáú " ÞóÇáó: ãóÇ ÃóäóÇ ÈöÝóÇÚöáòº ÞóÇáó ãößúÑóÒñ: Èóáóì ÞóÏú ÃóÌóÒúäóÇåõ áóßó¡ ÞóÇáó ÃóÈõæ ÌóäúÏóáò: Ãóíú ãóÚóÇÔöÑó ÇáúãõÓúáöãöíäó ÃõÑóÏøõ Åöáóì ÇáúãõÔúÑößöíäó æóÞóÏú ÌöÆúÊõ ãõÓúáöãðÇ ÃóáóÇ ÊóÑóæúäó ãóÇ ÞóÏú áóÞöíÊõ¡ æóÞóÏú ßóÇäó (3) ÚõÐøöÈó ÚóÐóÇÈðÇ ÔóÏöíÏðÇ Ýöí Çááøóåö ÝóÞóÇáó ÚõãóÑõ (4) : ÝóÃóÊóíúÊõ ÇáäøóÈöíøó - Õóáøóì Çááøóåõ Úóáóíúåö æóÓóáøóãó - ÝóÞõáúÊõ ÃóáóÓúÊó äóÈöíøó Çááøóåö ÍóÞøðÇ¿ ÞóÇáó: Èóáóì¡ ÞóÇáó: ÞõáúÊõ: ÃóáóÓúäóÇ Úóáóì ÇáúÍóÞøö æóÚóÏõæøõäóÇ Úóáóì ÇáúÈóÇØöáö¿ ÞóÇáó: Èóáóì¡ ÞõáúÊõ: Ýóáöãó äõÚúØöí (5) ÇáÏøóäöíøóÉó Ýöí ÏöíäöäóÇ ÅöÐðÇ¿ ÞóÇáó: " Åöäøöí ÑóÓõæáõ Çááøóåö æóáóÓúÊõ ÃóÚúÕöíåö¡ æóåõæó äóÇÕöÑöí "º ÞõáúÊõ: ÃóæóáóÓúÊó ßõäúÊó ÊõÍóÏøöËõäóÇ: ÃóäøóÇ ÓóäóÃúÊöí ÇáúÈóíúÊó ÝóäóØõæÝõ Èöåö (6) ¿ ÞóÇáó: " ÝóÃóÎúÈóÑúÊõßó Ãóäøóßó ÂÊöíåö (7) ÇáúÚóÇãó¿ " ÞõáúÊõ: áóÇ¡ ÞóÇáó: " ÝóÅöäøóßó ÂÊöíåö æóãõØøóæøöÝñ Èöåö " (8) ÞóÇáó (9) : ÝóÃóÊóíúÊõ ÃóÈóÇ ÈóßúÑò ÝóÞõáúÊõ: íóÇ ÃóÈóÇ ÈóßúÑò: ÃóáóíúÓó
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(1) Ó¡ È: íóÇ ãõÍóãøóÏõ åóÐóÇ. .
(2) ÇáúÈõÎóÇÑöíøõ¡ ÇáúãõÓúäóÏõ: ÈöãõÌöíÒöåö áóßó.
(3) ÇáúÈõÎóÇÑöíøõ¡ ÇáúãõÓúäóÏõ: æóßóÇäó ÞóÏú. .
(4) Ó¡ È: ÞóÇáó ÚõãóÑõ.
(5) ä¡ ã: Ýóáöãó äõÚúØóì.
(6) Ó¡ È: æóäóØõæÝõ Èöåö.
(7) ÇáúÈõÎóÇÑöíøõ: ÃóäøóÇ äóÃúÊöíåö. ÇáúãõÓúäóÏõ: Ãóäøóßó ÊóÃúÊöíåö.
(8) ã: ÊóØõæÝõ Èöåö¡ ÇáúãõÓúäóÏõ: æóãõÊóØóæøöÝñ Èöåö
(9) ÞóÇáó: ÓóÇÞöØóÉñ ãöäú (ã) ¡ (Ó) ¡ (È) .(8/400)
åóÐóÇ äóÈöíøó Çááøóåö ÍóÞøðÇ¿ ÞóÇáó: Èóáóì¡ ÞõáúÊõ: ÃóáóÓúäóÇ Úóáóì ÇáúÍóÞøö æóÚóÏõæøõäóÇ Úóáóì ÇáúÈóÇØöáö¿ ÞóÇáó: Èóáóì (1) ¡ ÞõáúÊõ: Ýóáöãó äõÚúØöí ÇáÏøóäöíøóÉó Ýöí ÏöíäöäóÇ ÅöÐðÇ¿ ÞóÇáó: ÃóíøõåóÇ ÇáÑøóÌõáõ Åöäøóåõ ÑóÓõæáõ Çááøóåö¡ æóáóíúÓó íóÚúÕöí ÑóÈøóåõ¡ æóåõæó äóÇÕöÑõåõ ÝóÇÓúÊóãúÓößú ÈöÛóÑúÒöåö (2) ÝóæóÇááøóåö [Åöäøóåõ] Úóáóì ÇáúÍóÞøö (3) ¡ ÞõáúÊõ: ÃóáóíúÓó ßóÇäó íõÍóÏøöËõäóÇ ÃóäøóÇ ÓóäóÃúÊöí ÇáúÈóíúÊó æóäóØõæÝõ Èöåö¿ ÞóÇáó: Èóáóì¡ ÃóÝóÃóÎúÈóÑóßó Ãóäøóßó (4) ÊóÃúÊöíåö ÇáúÚóÇãó (5) ¿ ÞõáúÊõ: áóÇ ÞóÇáó ÝóÅöäøóßó ÂÊöíåö æóãõØøóæøöÝñ Èöåöº ÞóÇáó ÚõãóÑõ (6) : ÝóÚóãöáúÊõ áöÐóáößó ÃóÚúãóÇáðÇ¡ ÞóÇáó: ÝóáóãøóÇ ÝóÑóÛó ãöäú ÞóÖöíøóÉö ÇáúßöÊóÇÈö ÞóÇáó ÑóÓõæáõ Çááøóåö - Õóáøóì Çááøóåõ Úóáóíúåö æóÓóáøóãó - áöÃóÕúÍóÇÈöåö: " ÞõæãõæÇ ÝóÇäúÍóÑõæÇ¡ Ëõãøó ÇÍúáöÞõæÇ " ÞóÇáó: ÝóæóÇááøóåö ãóÇ ÞóÇãó ãöäúåõãú ÑóÌõáñ ÍóÊøóì ÞóÇáó Ðóáößó ËóáóÇËó ãóÑøóÇÊòº ÝóáóãøóÇ áóãú íóÞõãú ÃóÍóÏñ (7) ÏóÎóáó Úóáóì Ãõãøö ÓóáóãóÉó ÝóÐóßóÑó áóåóÇ ãóÇ áóÞöíó ãöäó ÇáäøóÇÓö ÝóÞóÇáóÊú Ãõãøõ ÓóáóãóÉó: íóÇ äóÈöíøó Çááøóåö ÃóÊõÍöÈøõ Ðóáößó¡ ÇÎúÑõÌú æóáóÇ Êõßóáøöãú ÃóÍóÏðÇ ãöäúåõãú (8) ¡ * ÍóÊøóì ÊóäúÍóÑó ÈõÏúäóßó æóÊóÏúÚõæó ÍóÇáöÞóßó [ÝóíóÍúáöÞóßó] (9) ¡ ÝóÎóÑóÌó Ýóáóãú íõßóáøöãú ÃóÍóÏðÇ ãöäúåõãú ÍóÊøóì ÝóÚóáó Ðóáößó ÝóäóÍóÑó ÈõÏúäóåõ¡ æóÏóÚóÇ ÍóÇáöÞóåõ ÝóÍóáóÞóåõ * (10) ¡ ÝóáóãøóÇ ÑóÃóæúÇ Ðóáößó ÞóÇãõæÇ ÝóäóÍóÑõæÇ¡ æóÌóÚóáó ÈóÚúÖõåõãú íóÍúáöÞõ ÈóÚúÖðÇ ÍóÊøóì
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(1) (1 - 1) ÓóÇÞöØñ ãöäú (Ó) ¡ (È) .
(2) ÇáúãõÓúäóÏõ: ÝóÇÓúÊóãúÓößú¡ æóÞóÇáó íóÍúíóì Èúäõ ÓóÚöíÏò: ÈöÛóÑúÒöåö¡ æóÞóÇáó: ÊóØõæÝõ ÈöÛóÑúÒöåö ÍóÊøóì ÊóãõæÊó¡ ã: ÝóÇÓúÊóãúÓößú ÈöÚõÑúæóÊöåö.
(3) ä: ÝóæóÇááøóåö Úóáóì ÇáúÍóÞøö¡ Ó¡ È Ýóåõæó æóÇááøóåö Úóáóì ÇáúÍóÞøö¡ ÇáúãõÓúäóÏõ: ÝóæóÇááøóåö Åöäøóåõ áóÚóáóì ÇáúÍóÞøö.
(4) Ó¡ È: ÃóÝóÃóÎúÈóÑó Ãóäøóßó¡ ÇáúãõÓúäóÏõ: ÃóÝóÃóÎúÈóÑóßó Ãóäøóåõ.
(5) ã: ÂÊöíåö ÇáúÚóÇãó¡ ÇáúãõÓúäóÏõ: íóÃúÊöíåö ÇáúÚóÇãó
(6) ÇáúÈõÎóÇÑöíøõ¡ ÇáúãõÓúäóÏõ: ÞóÇáó ÇáÒøõåúÑöíøõ: ÞóÇáó ÚõãóÑõ
(7) ÇáúÈõÎóÇÑöíøõ¡ ÇáúãõÓúäóÏõ: ãöäúåõãú ÃóÍóÏñ
(8) ä¡ ã: æóáóÇ Êõßóáøöãú ãöäúåõãú ÃóÍóÏðÇ¡ ÇáúÈõÎóÇÑöíøõ¡ æóÇáúãõÓúäóÏõ: Ëõãøó áóÇ Êõßóáøöãú ÃóÍóÏðÇ ãöäúåõãú ßóáöãóÉð.
(9) ÝóíóÍúáöÞóßó: ÓóÇÞöØóÉñ ãöäú (ä)
(10) ãóÇ Èóíúäó ÇáäøóÌúãóÊóíúäö ÓóÇÞöØñ ãöäú (ã) . æóÓóÞóØóÊú ÈóÚúÖõ åóÐöåö ÇáúÚöÈóÇÑóÇÊö ãöäú (Ó) .(8/401)
ßóÇÏó ÈóÚúÖõåõãú íóÞúÊõáõ ÈóÚúÖðÇ ÛóãøðÇ¡ Ëõãøó ÌóÇÁó (1) äöÓúæóÉñ ãõÄúãöäóÇÊñ ÝóÃóäúÒóáó Çááøóåõ ÊóÚóÇáóì: {íóÇÃóíøõåóÇ ÇáøóÐöíäó ÂãóäõæÇ ÅöÐóÇ ÌóÇÁóßõãõ ÇáúãõÄúãöäóÇÊõ ãõåóÇÌöÑóÇÊò ÝóÇãúÊóÍöäõæåõäøó Çááøóåõ ÃóÚúáóãõ ÈöÅöíãóÇäöåöäøó ÝóÅöäú ÚóáöãúÊõãõæåõäøó ãõÄúãöäóÇÊò ÝóáóÇ ÊóÑúÌöÚõæåõäøó Åöáóì ÇáúßõÝøóÇÑö} Åöáóì Þóæúáöåö: {æóáóÇ ÊõãúÓößõæÇ ÈöÚöÕóãö ÇáúßóæóÇÝöÑö} [ÓõæÑóÉõ ÇáúãõãúÊóÍöäóÉö: 10] ÝóØóáøóÞó ÚõãóÑõ íóæúãóÆöÐò ÇãúÑóÃóÊóíúäö ßóÇäóÊóÇ áóåõ Ýöí ÇáÔøöÑúßöº ÝóÊóÒóæøóÌó ÅöÍúÏóÇåõãóÇ ãõÚóÇæöíóÉõ Èúäõ ÃóÈöí ÓõÝúíóÇäó æóÇáúÃõÎúÑóì ÕóÝúæóÇäõ Èúäõ ÃõãóíøóÉó. Ëõãøó ÑóÌóÚó ÇáäøóÈöíøõ - Õóáøóì Çááøóåõ Úóáóíúåö æóÓóáøóãó - Åöáóì ÇáúãóÏöíäóÉöº ÝóÌóÇÁó (2) ÃóÈõæ ÈóÕöíÑò ÑóÌõáñ ãöäú ÞõÑóíúÔò æóåõæó ãõÓúáöãñ (3) ÝóÃóÑúÓóáõæÇ Ýöí ØóáóÈöåö ÑóÌõáóíúäö¡ ÝóÞóÇáõæÇ: ÇáúÚóåúÏó ÇáøóÐöí ÌóÚóáúÊó áóäóÇ ÝóÏóÝóÚóåõ Åöáóì ÇáÑøóÌõáóíúäö ÝóÎóÑóÌóÇ Èöåö ÍóÊøóì ÈóáóÛóÇ ÐóÇ ÇáúÍõáóíúÝóÉöº ÝóäóÒóáõæÇ íóÃúßõáõæäó ãöäú ÊóãúÑò áóåõãú¡ ÝóÞóÇáó ÃóÈõæ ÈóÕöíÑò áöÃóÍóÏö ÇáÑøóÌõáóíúäö: æóÇááøóåö Åöäøöí áóÃóÑóì ÓóíúÝóßó åóÐóÇ íóÇ ÝõáóÇäõ ÌóíøöÏðÇ¡ ÝóÇÓúÊóáøóåõ ÇáúÂÎóÑõ ÝóÞóÇáó: ÃóÌóáú æóÇááøóåö Åöäøóåõ áóÌóíøöÏñ¡ áóÞóÏú ÌóÑøóÈúÊõ Èöåö¡ Ëõãøó ÌóÑøóÈúÊõ¡ ÝóÞóÇáó ÃóÈõæ ÈóÕöíÑò: ÃóÑöäöí ÃóäúÙõÑú Åöáóíúåö ÝóÃóãúßóäóåõ [ãöäúåõ] (4) ¡ ÝóÖóÑóÈó Èöåö ÍóÊøóì ÈóÑóÏó¡ æóÝóÑøó ÇáúÂÎóÑõ ÍóÊøóì ÂÊóì ÇáúãóÏöíäóÉó ÝóÏóÎóáó ÇáúãóÓúÌöÏó íóÚúÏõæ ÝóÞóÇáó ÇáäøóÈöíøõ - Õóáøóì Çááøóåõ Úóáóíúåö æóÓóáøóãó - Íöíäó ÑóÂåõ áóÞóÏú ÑóÃóì åóÐóÇ ÐõÚúÑðÇ ÝóáóãøóÇ ÇäúÊóåóì Åöáóì ÇáäøóÈöíøö - Õóáøóì Çááøóåõ Úóáóíúåö æóÓóáøóãó - ÞóÇáó: ÞõÊöáó æóÇááøóåö ÕóÇÍöÈöí æóÅöäøöí áóãóÞúÊõæáñ ÝóÌóÇÁó ÃóÈõæ ÈóÕöíÑò - ÑóÖöíó Çááøóåõ Úóäúåõ - ÝóÞóÇáó: íóÇ äóÈöíøó Çááøóåö ÞóÏú æóÝóì ÈöÐöãøóÊößó (5) ¡ ÝóáóÞóÏú ÑóÏóÏúÊóäöí Åöáóíúåöãú¡ Ëõãøó ÃóäúÌóÇäöí
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(1) ÇáúÈõÎóÇÑöíøõ¡ ÇáúãõÓúäóÏõ: Ëõãøó ÌóÇÁóåõ.
(2) ÇáúÈõÎóÇÑöíøõ¡ ÇáúãõÓúäóÏõ: ÝóÌóÇÁóåõ
(3) ÈóÚúÏó ßóáöãóÉö " ãõÓúáöãñ " ÌóÇÁóÊú ÚöÈóÇÑóÇÊñ Ýöí " ÇáúãõÓúäóÏö " ÒöíóÇÏóÉñ ãöäú ÑöæóÇíóÉö ÇÈúäö ÇáúãõÈóÇÑóßö.
(4) ãöäúåõ: ÓóÇÞöØóÉñ ãöäú (ä) ¡ (ã) ¡ (Ó)
(5) Ó¡ È: áóÞóÏú æóÝóì Çááøóåõ ÈöÐöãøóÊößó¡ ÇáúÈõÎóÇÑöíøõ¡ ÇáúãõÓúäóÏõ: ÞóÏú æóÇááøóåö ÃóæúÝóì Çááøóåõ ÐöãøóÊóßó.(8/402)
Çááøóåõ ãöäúåõãú ÝóÞóÇáó ÇáäøóÈöíøõ - Õóáøóì Çááøóåõ Úóáóíúåö æóÓóáøóãó -: " æóíúáõ Ãõãøöåö ãöÓúÚóÑó ÍóÑúÈò¡ áóæú ßóÇäó áóåõ ÃóÍóÏñ " ÝóáóãøóÇ ÓóãöÚó Ðóáößó ÚóÑóÝó Ãóäøóåõ ÓóíóÑõÏøõåõ Åöáóíúåöãúº ÝóÎóÑóÌó ÍóÊøóì ÃóÊóì ÓóíúÝó ÇáúÈóÍúÑö¡ ÞóÇáó: æóÊóÝóáøóÊó ãöäúåõãú ÃóÈõæ ÌóäúÏóáö (1) Èúäõ Óõåóíúáò - ÑóÖöíó Çááøóåõ Úóäúåõ -º ÝóáóÍöÞó ÈöÃóÈöí ÈóÕöíÑò ÝóÌóÚóáó áóÇ íóÎúÑõÌõ ãöäú ÞõÑóíúÔò ÑóÌõáñ ÞóÏú (2) ÃóÓúáóãó ÅöáøóÇ áóÍöÞó ÈöÃóÈöí ÈóÕöíÑò ÍóÊøóì ÇÌúÊóãóÚóÊú ãöäúåõãú ÚöÕóÇÈóÉñº ÞóÇáó: ÝóæóÇááøóåö ãóÇ íóÓúãóÚõæäó ÈöÚöíÑò ÎóÑóÌóÊú áöÞõÑóíúÔò Åöáóì ÇáÔøóÇãö ÅöáøóÇ ÇÚúÊóÑóÖõæåóÇ (3) ¡ ÝóÞóÊóáõæåõãú æóÃóÎóÐõæÇ ÃóãúæóÇáóåõãú ÝóÃóÑúÓóáóÊú ÞõÑóíúÔñ Åöáóì ÇáäøóÈöíøö - Õóáøóì Çááøóåõ Úóáóíúåö æóÓóáøóãó - ÊõäóÇÔöÏõåõ Çááøóåó æóÇáÑøóÍöãó ÅöáøóÇ ÃóÑúÓóáó Åöáóíúåöãú: Ýóãóäú ÃóÊóÇåõ ãöäúåõãú Ýóåõæó Âãöäñ¡ ÝóÃóÑúÓóáó ÇáäøóÈöíøõ - Õóáøóì Çááøóåõ Úóáóíúåö æóÓóáøóãó - Åöáóíúåöãú æóÃóäúÒóáó Çááøóåõ ÚóÒøó æóÌóáøó: {æóåõæó ÇáøóÐöí ßóÝøó ÃóíúÏöíóåõãú Úóäúßõãú æóÃóíúÏöíóßõãú Úóäúåõãú ÈöÈóØúäö ãóßøóÉó} [ÓõæÑóÉõ ÇáúÝóÊúÍö: 24] ÍóÊøóì ÈóáóÛó: {ÍóãöíøóÉó ÇáúÌóÇåöáöíøóÉö} [ÓõæÑóÉõ ÇáúÝóÊúÍö: 26] æóßóÇäóÊú ÍóãöíøóÊõåõãú Ãóäøóåõãú áóãú íõÞöÑøõæÇ Ãóäøóåõ äóÈöíøõ Çááøóåö æóáóãú íõÞöÑøõæÇ ÈöÜ " ÈöÓúãö Çááøóåö ÇáÑøóÍúãóäö ÇáÑøóÍöíãö " æóÍóÇáõæÇ Èóíúäóåõãú æóÈóíúäó ÇáúÈóíúÊö» " ÑóæóÇåõ ÇáúÈõÎóÇÑöíøõ Úóäú ÚóÈúÏö Çááøóåö Èúäö ãõÍóãøóÏò ÇáúãõÓúäóÏöíøö (4) Úóäú ÚóÈúÏö ÇáÑøóÇÒöÞö (5) æóÑóæóÇåõ ÃóÍúãóÏõ Úóäú ÚóÈúÏö ÇáÑøóÇÒöÞö (6) ¡ æóåõæó
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(1) ÇáúÈõÎóÇÑöíøõ: æóíóäúÝóáöÊõ ãöäúåõãú ÃóÈõæ ÌóäúÏóáö¡ ÇáúãõÓúäóÏõ: æóíóÊóÝóáøóÊõ ÃóÈõæ ÌóäúÏóáö. .
(2) ÞóÏú: ÓóÇÞöØóÉñ ãöäú (ä) ¡ (Ó) ¡ (È) .
(3) ÇáúÈõÎóÇÑöíøõ¡ ÇáúãõÓúäóÏõ: ÅöáøóÇ ÇÚúÊóÑóÖõæÇ áóåóÇ.
(4) ã: ÇáÓøóäóÏöíøö¡ æóåõæó ÊóÍúÑöíÝñ. æóåõæó ÚóÈúÏõ Çááøóåö Èúäõ ãõÍóãøóÏö Èúäö ÚóÈúÏö Çááøóåö Èúäö ÌóÚúÝóÑö Èúäö ÇáúíóãóÇäö ÇáúÌõÚóÝöíøõ ÇáúÈõÎóÇÑöíøõ ÇáúÍóÇÝöÙõ¡ ÃóÈõæ ÌóÚúÝóÑò ÇáúãóÚúÑõæÝõ ÈöÇáúãõÓúäóÏöíøö (ÈöÝóÊúÍö Çáäøõæäö) º áõÞøöÈó ÈöÐóáößó áöÃóäøóåõ ßóÇäó íóØúáõÈõ ÇáúãõÓúäóÏóÇÊö æóíóÑúÛóÈõ Úóäö ÇáúãõÑúÓóáóÇÊö¡ æóáöÃóäøóåõ Ãóæøóáõ ãóäú ÌóãóÚó " ãõÓúäóÏó ÇáÕøóÍóÇÈóÉö " ÈöãóÇ æóÑóÇÁó ÇáäøóåúÑö¡ æóåõæó ÔóíúÎõ ÇáúÈõÎóÇÑöíøö¡ ÊõæõÝøöíó ÓóäóÉó 229. ÇäúÙõÑú ÊóÑúÌóãóÊóåõ Ýöí: ÊóåúÐöíÈö ÇáÊøóåúÐöíÈö 6/9 - 10¡ ÊóÐúßöÑóÉö ÇáúÍõÝøóÇÙö 2/492 - 493 ÇáúÃóÚúáóÇãö 4/260
(5) æóåöíó ÑöæóÇíóÉõ ßöÊóÇÈö ÇáÔøõÑõæØö¡ ÈóÇÈõ ÇáúÌöåóÇÏö æóÇáúãõÕóÇáóÍóÉö 3/193 - 197.
(6) æóåöíó ÇáÑøöæóÇíóÉõ Ýöí 4/328 - 331(8/403)
ÃóÌóáøõ ÞóÏúÑðÇ ãöäó ÇáúãõÓúäóÏöíøö ÔóíúÎö ÇáúÈõÎóÇÑöíøöº ÝóãóÇ Ýöíåö ãöäú ÒöíóÇÏóÉò åöíó ÃóËúÈóÊõ ãöãøóÇ Ýöí ÇáúÈõÎóÇÑöíøö.
æóÝöí ÇáÕøóÍöíÍóíúäö Úóäö ÇáúÈóÑóÇÁö Èúäö ÚóÇÒöÈò¡ ÞóÇáó: «ßóÊóÈó Úóáöíøõ Èúäõ ÃóÈöí ØóÇáöÈò (1) ÇáÕøõáúÍó Èóíúäó ÇáäøóÈöíøö - Õóáøóì Çááøóåõ Úóáóíúåö æóÓóáøóãó - æóÈóíúäó ÇáúãõÔúÑößöíäó íóæúãó ÇáúÍõÏóíúÈöíóÉöº ÝóßóÊóÈó: åóÐóÇ ãóÇ ßóÇÊóÈó Úóáóíúåö ãõÍóãøóÏñ ÑóÓõæáõ Çááøóåö - Õóáøóì Çááøóåõ Úóáóíúåö æóÓóáøóãó -¡ ÝóÞóÇáõæÇ: áóÇ ÊóßúÊõÈú ÑóÓõæáó Çááøóåöº áóæú äóÚúáóãõ Ãóäøóßó ÑóÓõæáõ Çááøóåö áóãú äõÞóÇÊöáúßóº ÝóÞóÇáó ÇáäøóÈöíøõ - Õóáøóì Çááøóåõ Úóáóíúåö æóÓóáøóãó - áöÚóáöíøò: " ÇãúÍõåõ "¡ ÝóÞóÇáó: " ãóÇ ÃóäóÇ ÈöÇáøóÐöí ÃóãúÍõæåõ " ÞóÇáó: ÝóãóÍóÇåõ ÇáäøóÈöíøõ - Õóáøóì Çááøóåõ Úóáóíúåö æóÓóáøóãó - ÈöíóÏöåö (2) ¡ ÞóÇáó: æóßóÇäó ÝöíãóÇ ÇÔúÊóÑóØõæÇ Úóáóíúåö Ãóäú íóÏúÎõáõæÇ ÝóíõÞöíãõæÇ ÈöåóÇ (3) ËóáóÇËðÇ¡ æóáóÇ íóÏúÎõáõæÇ ÈöÓöáóÇÍò ÅöáøóÇ ÌõáõÈøóÇäó ÇáÓøöáóÇÍö. ÞóÇáó ÔõÚúÈóÉõ: ÞõáúÊõ áöÃóÈöí ÅöÓúÍóÇÞó: æóãóÇ ÌõáõÈøóÇäõ ÇáÓøöáóÇÍö¿ ÞóÇáó: ÇáúÞöÑóÇÈõ æóãóÇ Ýöíåö» " (4) .
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(1) ä¡ Ó: Úóáöíøõ Èúäõ ÃóÈöí ØóáúÍóÉó¡ æóåõæó ÎóØóÃñ.
(2) ÈöíóÏöåö: ÓóÇÞöØóÉñ ãöäú (ã) .
(3) ÈöåóÇ: ÓóÇÞöØóÉñ ãöäú (Ó) ¡ (È) .
(4) ÇáúÍóÏöíËõ ãóÚó ÇÎúÊöáóÇÝò Ýöí ÇáúÃóáúÝóÇÙö - Úóäö ÇáúÈóÑóÇÁö Èúäö ÚóÇÒöÈò - ÑóÖöíó Çááøóåõ Úóäúåõ - Ýöí " ÇáúÈõÎóÇÑöíøö 3/184 - 185 (ßöÊóÇÈõ ÇáÕøõáúÍö ÈóÇÈõ ßóíúÝó íóßúÊõÈõ åóÐóÇ ãóÇ ÕóÇáóÍó ÝõáóÇäõ Èúäõ ÝõáóÇäò. .) \ 4 103 - 104 (ßöÊóÇÈõ ÇáúÌöÒúíóÉö æóÇáúãõæóÇÏóÚóÉö¡ ÈóÇÈõ ÇáúãõÕóÇáóÍóÉö Úóáóì ËóáóÇËóÉö ÃóíøóÇãò Ãóæú æóÞúÊò ãóÚúáõæãò¡ ãõÓúáöãò 3/1409 - 1411 (ßöÊóÇÈõ ÇáúÌöåóÇÏö æóÇáÓøöíóÑö¡ ÈóÇÈõ ÕõáúÍö ÇáúÍõÏóíúÈöíóÉö Ýöí ÇáúÍõÏóíúÈöíóÉö) Óõäóäö ÃóÈöí ÏóÇæõÏó 2/227 (ßöÊóÇÈõ ÇáúãóäóÇÓößö¡ ÈóÇÈõ ÇáúãõÍúÑöãö íóÍúãöáõ ÇáÓøöáóÇÍó) ¡ ÇáúãõÓúäóÏö (Ø. ÇáúÍóáóÈöíøö) 4/289¡ 291¡ 302. æóÞóÇáó Çáäøóæóæöíøõ Ýöí ÔóÑúÍöåö Úóáóì ãõÓúáöãò 12/136: æóÞóÇáó ÃóÈõæ ÅöÓúÍóÇÞó ÇáÓøóÈöíÚöíøõ¡ ÌõáõÈøóÇäõ ÇáÓøöáóÇÍö åõæó ÇáúÞöÑóÇÈõ æóãóÇ Ýöíåö¡ æóÇáúÌõáõÈøóÇäõ ÈöÖóãøö ÇáúÌöíãö. ÞóÇáó ÇáúÞóÇÖöí Ýöí ÇáúãóÔóÇÑöÞö ÖóÈóØúäóÇåõ (ÌõáõÈøóÇäõ) ÈöÖóãøö ÇáúÌöíãö æóÇááøóÇãö æóÊóÔúÏöíÏö ÇáúÈóÇÁö ÇáúãõæóÍøóÏóÉö ÞóÇáó: æóßóÐóÇ ÑóæóÇåõ ÇáúÃóßúËóÑõæäó¡ æóÕóæøóÈóåõ ÇÈúäõ ÞõÊóíúÈóÉó æóÛóíúÑõåõ¡ æóÑóæóÇåõ ÈóÚúÖõåõãú ÈöÅöÓúßóÇäö ÇááøóÇãö æóßóÐóÇ ÐóßóÑóåõ ÇáúåóÑóæöíøõ æóÕóæøóÈóåõ åõæó æóËóÇÈöÊñ¡ æóáóãú íóÐúßõÑú ËóÇÈöÊñ ÓöæóÇåõ¡ æóåõæó ÃóáúØóÝõ ãöäó ÇáúÌöÑóÇÈö íóßõæäõ ãöäó ÇáúÃõÏúãö íõæÖóÚõ Ýöíåö ÇáÓøóíúÝõ ãõÛúãóÏðÇ æóíóØúÑóÍõ Ýöíåö ÇáÑøóÇßöÈõ ÓóæúØóåõ æóÃóÏóæóÇÊöåö æóíõÚóáøöÞõåõ Ýöí ÇáÑøóÍúáö. ÞóÇáó ÇáúÚõáóãóÇÁõ: æóÅöäøóãóÇ ÔóÑóØõæÇ åóÐóÇ áöæóÌúåóíúäö ÃóÍóÏõåõãóÇ Ãóäú áóÇ íóÙúåóÑó ãöäúåõ ÏõÎõæáõ ÇáúÛóÇáöÈöíäó ÇáúÞóÇåöÑöíäó æóÇáËøóÇäöí Ãóäøóåõ Åöäú ÚóÑóÖó ÝöÊúäóÉñ Ãóæú äóÍúæõåóÇ íóßõæäõ Ýöí ÇáöÇÓúÊöÚúÏóÇÏö ÈöÇáÓøöáóÇÍö ÕõÚõæÈóÉñ. "(8/404)
æóÝöí ÇáÕøóÍöíÍóíúäö Úóäú ÃóÈöí æóÇÆöáò ÞóÇáó: «ÞóÇãó Óóåúáõ Èúäõ ÍõäóíúÝò íóæúãó ÕöÝøöíäó ÝóÞóÇáó: íóÇ ÃóíøõåóÇ ÇáäøóÇÓõ ÇÊøóåöãõæÇ ÃóäúÝõÓóßõãú æóÝöí áóÝúÙö ÇÊøóåöãõæÇ ÑóÃúíóßõãú Úóáóì Ïöíäößõãúº áóÞóÏú ßõäøóÇ [ãóÚó ÑóÓõæáö Çááøóåö - Õóáøóì Çááøóåõ Úóáóíúåö æóÓóáøóãó -] (1) íóæúãó ÇáúÍõÏóíúÈöíóÉöº æóáóæú äóÑóì ÞöÊóÇáðÇ áóÞóÇÊóáúäóÇ æóÐóáößó Ýöí ÇáÕøõáúÍö ÇáøóÐöí ßóÇäó Èóíúäó ÑóÓõæáö Çááøóåö - Õóáøóì Çááøóåõ Úóáóíúåö æóÓóáøóãó - æóÈóíúäó ÇáúãõÔúÑößöíäó æóÌóÇÁó (2) ÚõãóÑõ¡ ÝóÃóÊóì ÑóÓõæáó Çááøóåö - Õóáøóì Çááøóåõ Úóáóíúåö æóÓóáøóãó - ÝóÞóÇáó íóÇ ÑóÓõæáó Çááøóåö ÃóáóÓúäóÇ Úóáóì ÍóÞøò æóåõãú Úóáóì ÈóÇØöáò ÞóÇáó: " Èóáóì "¡ ÞóÇáó: ÃóáóíúÓó ÞóÊúáóÇäóÇ Ýöí ÇáúÌóäøóÉö æóÞóÊúáóÇåõãú Ýöí ÇáäøóÇÑö¿ ÞóÇáó: " Èóáóì "¡ ÞóÇáó: ÝóÝöíãó (3) äõÚúØöí ÇáÏøóäöíøóÉó Ýöí ÏöíäöäóÇ¿ ¡ æóäóÑúÌöÚõ æóáóãøóÇ íóÍúßõãö Çááøóåõ ÈóíúäóäóÇ æóÈóíúäóåõãúº ÞóÇáó: " íóÇ ÇÈúäó ÇáúÎóØøóÇÈö Åöäøöí ÑóÓõæáõ Çááøóåö æóáóäú íõÖóíøöÚóäöí Çááøóåõ ÃóÈóÏðÇ "¡ ÞóÇáó: ÝóÇäúØóáóÞó ÚõãóÑõ Ýóáóãú íóÕúÈöÑú ãõÊóÛóíøöÙðÇ ÝóÃóÊóì ÃóÈóÇ ÈóßúÑò¡ ÝóÞóÇáó: íóÇ ÃóÈóÇ ÈóßúÑò ÃóáóÓúäóÇ Úóáóì ÍóÞøò æóåõãú Úóáóì ÈóÇØöáò¿ ÞóÇáó: Èóáóì¡ ÞóÇáó: ÃóáóíúÓó ÞóÊúáóÇäóÇ Ýöí ÇáúÌóäøóÉö æóÞóÊúáóÇåõãú Ýöí ÇáäøóÇÑö¿ ÞóÇáó: Èóáóì¡ ÞóÇáó: ÝóÚóáóÇãó äõÚúØöí ÇáÏøóäöíøóÉó Ýöí ÏöíäöäóÇ æóäóÑúÌöÚõ æóáóãøóÇ íóÍúßõãö Çááøóåõ ÈóíúäóäóÇ æóÈóíúäóåõãú¿ ÝóÞóÇáó: íóÇ ÇÈúäó ÇáúÎóØøóÇÈö Åöäøóåõ ÑóÓõæáõ Çááøóåö æóáóäú íõÖóíøöÚóåõ Çááøóåõ ÃóÈóÏðÇ¡ ÞóÇáó: ÝóäóÒóáó ÇáúÞõÑúÂäõ Úóáóì ÑóÓõæáö Çááøóåö - Õóáøóì Çááøóåõ Úóáóíúåö æóÓóáøóãó - ÈöÇáúÝóÊúÍöº ÝóÃóÑúÓóáó Åöáóì ÚõãóÑó
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(1) ãóÇ Èóíúäó ÇáúãóÚúÞõæÝóÊóíúäö Ýöí (È) ÝóÞóØú
(2) ä¡ ã: ÝóÌóÇÁó.
(3) Ó¡ È: Ýöíãó.(8/405)
ÝóÃóÞúÑóÃóåõ ÅöíøóÇåõ¡ ÝóÞóÇáó: íóÇ ÑóÓõæáó Çááøóåö ÃóæóÝóÊúÍñ (1) åõæó¿ ÞóÇáó: " äóÚóãú» " (2) .
æóÝöí áóÝúÙö ãõÓúáöãò (3) " ÝóØóÇÈóÊú äóÝúÓõåõ æóÑóÌóÚó ".
æóÝöí áóÝúÙò áöãõÓúáöãò ÃóíúÖðÇ: " «ÃóíøõåóÇ ÇáäøóÇÓõ ÇÊøóåöãõæÇ ÑóÃúíóßõãú (4) ¡ áóÞóÏú ÑóÃóíúÊõäöí íóæúãó ÃóÈöí ÌóäúÏóáò (5) ¡ æóáóæú [Ãóäøöí] (6) ÃóÓúÊóØöíÚõ Ãóäú ÃóÑõÏøó ÃóãúÑó ÑóÓõæáö Çááøóåö áóÑóÏóÏúÊõåõ» " (7) .
æóÝöí ÑöæóÇíóÉò: æóÇááøóåõ æóÑóÓõæáõåõ ÃóÚúáóãõ (8) : " æóÇááøóåö ãóÇ æóÖóÚúäóÇ ÓõíõæÝóäóÇ Úóáóì ÚóæóÇÊöÞöäóÇ Åöáóì ÃóãúÑò ÞóØøõ ÅöáøóÇ ÃóÓúåóáúäó ÈöäóÇ Åöáóì ÃóãúÑò äóÚúÑöÝõåõ ÅöáøóÇ ÃóãúÑóßõãú åóÐóÇ " (9) ¡ " ãóÇ
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(1) ä¡ ã: ÃóÝóÊúÍñ¿
(2) ÇáúÍóÏöíËõ Úóäú ÃóÈöí æóÇÆöáò ÔóÞöíÞö ÇÈúäö ÓóáóãóÉó ÇáúÃóÓóÏöíøö (ÊóÑúÌóãóÊõåõ Ýöí ÇáúÅöÕóÇÈóÉö 2/162 - 163¡ ÃõÓúÏö ÇáúÛóÇÈóÉö 2/527 - 528) - ÑóÖöíó Çááøóåõ Úóäúåõ - ãóÚó ÇÎúÊöáóÇÝò Ýöí ÇáúÃóáúÝóÇÙö - Ýöí: ÇáúÈõÎóÇÑöíøö 4/103 (ßöÊóÇÈõ ÇáúÌöÒúíóÉö æóÇáúãõæóÇÏóÚóÉö¡ ÈóÇÈõ ÍóÏøóËóäóÇ ÚóÈúÏóÇäõ. . .) 6/136 (ßöÊóÇÈõ ÇáÊøóÝúÓöíÑö¡ ÈóÇÈõ ÓõæÑóÉö ÇáúÝóÊúÍö) ãõÓúáöãò 3/1411 - 1412 (ßöÊóÇÈõ ÇáúÌöåóÇÏö æóÇáÓøöíóÑö¡ ÈóÇÈõ ÕõáúÍö ÇáúÍõÏóíúÈöíóÉö. .) ÇáúãõÓúäóÏö (Ø. ÇáúÍóáóÈöíøö) 3/485 - 486 (Úóäú ÃóÈöí æóÇÆöáò Úóäú Óóåúáö Èúäö ÍõäóíúÝò) .
(3) ãõÓúáöãò 3/1412 Ýöí ÂÎöÑö ÇáúÍóÏöíËö
(4) ä¡ ã: ÂÑóÇÁóßõãú. æóÇáúãõËúÈóÊõ åõæó ÇáøóÐöí Ýöí (Ó) æó (È) æóÝöí ÕóÍöíÍö ãõÓúáöãò.
(5) æóåõæó íóæúãõ ÇáúÍõÏóíúÈöíóÉö
(6) Ãóäøöí: ÓóÇÞöØóÉñ ãöäú (ä) ¡ (ã) ¡ (Ó) .
(7) ÇáúÍóÏöíËõ ÈöåóÐöåö ÇáúÃóáúÝóÇÙö Úóäú Óóåúáö Èúäö ÍõäóíúÝò - ÑóÖöíó Çááøóåõ Úóäúåõ - Ýöí ãõÓúáöãò 3/1412 (ÇáúãóæúÖöÚõ ÇáÓøóÇÈöÞõ ÍóÏöíËñ ÑóÞúãõ 95) ÇáúãõÓúäóÏö 3/485.
(8) åóÐöåö ÇáÑøöæóÇíóÉõ Úóäú ÃóÈöí æóÇÆöáò Úóäú Óóåúáö Èúäö ÍõäóíúÝò - ÑóÖöíó Çááøóåõ ÚóäúåõãóÇ - Ýöí: ÇáúÈõÎóÇÑöíøö 5/128 - 129 (ßöÊóÇÈõ ÇáúãóÛóÇÒöí¡ ÈóÇÈõ ÛóÒúæóÉö ÇáúÍõÏóíúÈöíóÉö) æóäóÕøõåõ: áóãøóÇ ÞóÏöãó Óóåúáõ Èúäõ ÍõäóíúÝò ãöäú ÕöÝøöíäó ÃóÊóíúäóÇåõ äóÓúÊóÎöíÑõåõ ÝóÞóÇáó ÇÊøóåöãõæÇ ÇáÑøóÃúíó ÝóáóÞóÏú ÑóÃóíúÊöäöí íóæúãó ÃóÈöí ÌóäúÏóáò æóáóæú ÃóÓúÊóØöíÚõ Ãóäú ÃóÑõÏøó Úóáóì ÑóÓõæáö Çááøóåö - Õóáøóì Çááøóåõ Úóáóíúåö æóÓóáøóãó - ÃóãúÑóåõ áóÑóÏóÏúÊõ æóÇááøóåõ æóÑóÓõæáõåõ ÃóÚúáóãõ. . . ÇáúÍóÏöíËó.
(9) åóÐöåö ÇáúÚöÈóÇÑóÇÊõ Ýöí ÑöæóÇíóÉò Úóäú Óóåúáö Èúäö ÍõäóíúÝò Ýöí ãõÓúáöãò (ÍóÏöíËñ ÑóÞúãõ 95) .(8/406)
äóÓõÏøõ ãöäúåõ ÎóÕúãðÇ ÅöáøóÇ ÇäúÝóÌóÑó ÚóáóíúäóÇ ÎóÕúãñ ãóÇ äóÏúÑöí ßóíúÝó äóÃúÊöí áóåõ (1) " íóÚúäöí íóæúãó ÕöÝøöíäó.
æóÞóÇáó Ðóáößó Óóåúáñ íóæúãó ÕöÝøöíäó áóãøóÇ ÎóÑóÌóÊö ÇáúÎóæóÇÑöÌõ Úóáóì Úóáöíøò Íöíäó ÃóãóÑó ÈöãõÕóÇáóÍóÉö ãõÚóÇæöíóÉó æóÃóÕúÍóÇÈöåö.
æóåóÐöåö ÇáúÃóÎúÈóÇÑõ ÇáÕøóÍöíÍóÉõ åöíó ÈöÇÊøöÝóÇÞö Ãóåúáö ÇáúÚöáúãö ÈöÇáúÍóÏöíËö Ýöí ÚõãúÑóÉö ÇáúÍõÏóíúÈöíóÉö ÊõÈóíøöäõ ÇÎúÊöÕóÇÕó ÃóÈöí ÈóßúÑò [ÈöãóäúÒöáóÉò] (2) ãöäó Çááøóåö æóÑóÓõæáöåö áóãú íóÔúÑóßúåõ ÝöíåóÇ ÃóÍóÏñ ãöäó ÇáÕøóÍóÇÈóÉö: áóÇ ÚõãóÑõ æóáóÇ Úóáöíøñ æóáóÇ ÛóíúÑõåõãóÇ¡ æóÃóäøóåõ áóãú íóßõäú Ýöíåöãú ÃóÚúÙóãõ ÅöíãóÇäðÇ æóãõæóÇÝóÞóÉð æóØóÇÚóÉð áöáøóåö æóÑóÓõæáöåö ãöäúåõ¡ æóáóÇ ßóÇäó Ýöíåöãú ãóäú íóÊóßóáøóãõ ÈöÇáÔøõæÑóì ÞóÈúáóåõ.
ÝóÅöäøó ÇáäøóÈöíøó - Õóáøóì Çááøóåõ Úóáóíúåö æóÓóáøóãó - ßóÇäó íóÕúÏõÑõ Úóäú ÑóÃúíöåö æóÍúÏóåõ Ýöí ÇáúÃõãõæÑö ÇáúÚóÙöíãóÉö æóÅöäøóåõ [ßóÇäó] (3) íóÈúÏóÃõ ÈöÇáúßóáóÇãö ÈöÍóÖúÑóÉö ÇáäøóÈöíøö - Õóáøóì Çááøóåõ Úóáóíúåö æóÓóáøóãó - ãõÚóÇæóäóÉð áöÑóÓõæáö Çááøóåö - Õóáøóì Çááøóåõ Úóáóíúåö æóÓóáøóãó -¡ ßóãóÇ ßóÇäó íõÝúÊöí ÈöÍóÖúÑóÊöåö æóåõæó íõÞöÑøõåõ Úóáóì Ðóáößó æóáóãú íóßõäú åóÐóÇ áöÛóíúÑöåö.
ÝóÅöäøóåõ áóãøóÇ ÌóÇÁó ÇáäøóÈöíøó - Õóáøóì Çááøóåõ Úóáóíúåö æóÓóáøóãó - ÌóÇÓõæÓõåõ ÇáúÎõÒóÇÚöíøõ¡ æóÃóÎúÈóÑóåõ Ãóäøó ÞõÑóíúÔðÇ ÞóÏú ÌóãóÚõæÇ áóåõ ÇáúÃóÍóÇÈöíÔó¡ æóåöíó ÇáúÌóãóÇÚóÇÊõ (4) ÇáúãõÓúÊóÌúãóÚóÉõ ãöäú
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(1) åóÐöåö ÇáúÚöÈóÇÑóÇÊõ ÌóÇÁóÊú Ýöí ãõÓúáöãò Úóäú Óóåúáö Èúäö ÍõäóíúÝò - ÑóÖöíó Çááøóåõ Úóäúåõ - Ýöí ÇáúÍóÏöíËö ÇáÊøóÇáöí (ÑóÞúãõ 96) \ 4/1413. æóÌóÇÁóÊö ÇáúÚöÈóÇÑóÇÊõ Ýöí ÇáúÌõãúáóÊóíúäö ãõÌúÊóãöÚóÉð Ýöí ÇáúãõÓúäóÏö (Ø. ÇáúÍóáóÈöíøö) \ 4 485 æóáóßöäú ãóÚó ÇÎúÊöáóÇÝò Ýöí ÇáúÃóáúÝóÇÙö. æóäóÕøõ ÇáúÍóÏöíËö: ". . æóÇááøóåö ãóÇ æóÖóÚúäóÇ ÓõíõæÝóäóÇ Úóäú ÚóæóÇÊöÞöäóÇ ãõäúÐõ ÃóÓúáóãúäóÇ áöÃóãúÑò íõÝúÙöÚõäóÇ ÅöáøóÇ ÃóÓúåóáó ÈöäóÇ Úóáóì ÃóãúÑò äóÚúÑöÝõåõ ÅöáøóÇ åóÐóÇ ÇáúÃóãúÑó ãóÇ ÓóÏóÏúäóÇ ÎóÕúãðÇ ÅöáøóÇ ÇäúÝóÊóÍó áóäóÇ ÎóÕúãñ ÂÎóÑõ ".
(2) ÈöãóäúÒöáóÉö: ÒöíóÇÏóÉñ Ýöí (È) ÝóÞóØú.
(3) ßóÇäó: ÒöíóÇÏóÉñ Ýöí (ã) ÝóÞóØú
(4) ã: ÇáúÌóãóÇÚóÉõ.(8/407)
ÞóÈóÇÆöáó¡ æóÇáÊøóÍóÈøõÔõ: ÇáÊøóÌóãøõÚõ¡ æóÃóäøóåõãú ãõÞóÇÊöáõæåõ æóÕóÇÏøõæåõ Úóäö ÇáúÈóíúÊö¡ ÇÓúÊóÔóÇÑó ÃóÕúÍóÇÈóåõ Ãóåúáó ÇáúãóÔõæÑóÉö ãõØúáóÞðÇ¡ åóáú íóãöíáõ Åöáóì ÐóÑóÇÑöíøö ÇáúÃóÍóÇÈöíÔö¿ Ãóæú íóäúØóáöÞõ Åöáóì ãóßøóÉó ÝóáóãøóÇ ÃóÔóÇÑó Úóáóíúåö ÃóÈõæ ÈóßúÑò Ãóäú áóÇ íóÈúÏóÃó ÃóÍóÏðÇ ÈöÇáúÞöÊóÇáö¡ ÝóÅöäøóÇ áóãú äóÎúÑõÌú ÅöáøóÇ áöáúÚõãúÑóÉö áóÇ áöáúÞöÊóÇáöº ÝóÅöäú ãóäóÚóäóÇ ÃóÍóÏñ (1) ãöäú (2) ÇáúÈóíúÊö ÞóÇÊóáúäóÇåõ áöÕóÏøöåö áóäóÇ ÚóãøóÇ ÞóÕóÏúäóÇ áóÇ ãõÈúÊóÏöÆöíäó (3) áóåõ ÈöÞöÊóÇáò¡ ÞóÇáó ÇáäøóÈöíøõ - Õóáøóì Çááøóåõ Úóáóíúåö æóÓóáøóãó -: " ÑóæøöÍõæÇ ÅöÐðÇ "¡ Ëõãøó Åöäøóåõ [áóãøóÇ] Êóßóáøóãó (4) ÚõÑúæóÉõ Èúäõ ãóÓúÚõæÏò ÇáËøóÞóÝöíøõ æóåõæó ãöäú ÓóÇÏóÇÊö ËóÞöíÝò æóÍõáóÝóÇÁö ÞõÑóíúÔò ãóÚó ÇáäøóÈöíøö - Õóáøóì Çááøóåõ Úóáóíúåö æóÓóáøóãó - ßóãóÇ ÊóÞóÏøóãó¡ æóÃóÎóÐó íóÞõæáõ áóåõ Úóäú ÃóÕúÍóÇÈöåö: " Åöäøóåõãú ÃóÔúæóÇÈñ " Ãóíú: ÃóÎúáóÇØñ æóÝöí ÇáúãõÓúäóÏö ÃóæúÈóÇÔñ íóÝöÑøõæäó Úóäúßó æóíóÏóÚõæßó¡ ÞóÇáó áóåõ ÇáÕøöÏøöíÞõ - ÑóÖöíó Çááøóåõ Úóäúåõ -: ÇãúÕõÕú ÈóÙúÑó ÇááøóÇÊö ÃóäóÍúäõ äóÝöÑøõ Úóäúåõ æóäóÏóÚõåõ¡ ÝóÞóÇáó áóåõ ÚõÑúæóÉõ æóáóãøóÇ íõÌóÇæöÈúåõ Úóäú åóÐöåö ÇáúßóáöãóÉö: áóæúáóÇ íóÏñ áóßó ÚöäúÏöí áóãú ÃóÌúÒößó ÈöåóÇ áóÃóÌóÈúÊõßó¡ æóßóÇäó ÇáÕøöÏøöíÞõ ÞóÏú ÃóÍúÓóäó Åöáóíúåö ÞóÈúáó Ðóáößó ÝóÑóÚóì ÍõÑúãóÊóåõ æóáóãú íõÌóÇæöÈúåõ Úóäú åóÐöåö ÇáúßóáöãóÉö.
æóáöåóÐóÇ ÞóÇáó: ãóäú ÞóÇáó ãöäó ÇáúÚõáóãóÇÁö Åöäøó åóÐóÇ íóÏõáøõ Úóáóì ÌóæóÇÒö ÇáÊøóÕúÑöíÍö ÈöÇÓúãö ÇáúÚóæúÑóÉö áöáúÍóÇÌóÉö æóÇáúãóÕúáóÍóÉö æóáóíúÓó ãöäó ÇáúÝõÍúÔö Çáúãóäúåöíøö Úóäúåõ.
ßóãóÇ Ýöí ÍóÏöíËö ÃõÈóíøö Èúäö ßóÚúÈò Úóäö ÇáäøóÈöíøö - Õóáøóì Çááøóåõ Úóáóíúåö æóÓóáøóãó - ÞóÇáó: " «ãóäú ÓóãöÚúÊõãõæåõ íóÊóÚóÒøóì ÈöÚóÒóÇÁò (5) ÇáúÌóÇåöáöíøóÉö ÝóÃóÚöÖøõæåõ åóäó ÃóÈöíåö æóáóÇ ÊóßúäõæÇ» " ÑóæóÇåõ
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(1) È: ÃóÍúãóÏõ¡ æóåõæó ÎóØóÃñ ãóØúÈóÚöíøñ.
(2) ä¡ ã: Úóäú
(3) Ó¡ È: ãõÈúÊóÏöíäó.
(4) ä¡ Ó: Ëõãøó Åöäøóåõ Êóßóáøóãó¡ ã: Ëõãøó Êóßóáøóãó.
(5) ä¡ ã¡ Ó: ÈöÚöÒóì.(8/408)
ÃóÍúãóÏõ (1) ÝóÓóãöÚó ÃõÈóíøõ Èúäõ ßóÚúÈò ÑóÌõáðÇ íóÞõæáõ: íóÇ ÝõáóÇäõ¡ ÝóÞóÇáó: ÇÚúÖóÖú ÃóíúÑó ÃóÈöíßó¡ ÝóÞöíáó áóåõ Ýöí Ðóáößó¡ ÝóÞóÇáó: ÈöåóÐóÇ ÃóãóÑóäóÇ ÑóÓõæáõ Çááøóåö - Õóáøóì Çááøóåõ Úóáóíúåö æóÓóáøóãó - (2) .
Ëõãøó Åöäøóåõ áóãøóÇ ÕóÇáóÍó ÇáäøóÈöíøõ - Õóáøóì Çááøóåõ Úóáóíúåö æóÓóáøóãó - ÞõÑóíúÔðÇ ßóÇäó ÙóÇåöÑõ ÇáÕøõáúÍö Ýöíåö ÛóÖóÇÖóÉñ æóÖóíúãñ Úóáóì ÇáúãõÓúáöãöíäó¡ æóÝóÚóáóåõ ÇáäøóÈöíøõ - Õóáøóì Çááøóåõ Úóáóíúåö æóÓóáøóãó - ØóÇÚóÉð áöáøóåö æóËöÞóÉð ÈöæóÚúÏöåö áóåõ¡ æóÃóäøó Çááøóåó ÓóíóäúÕõÑõåõ Úóáóíúåöãú¡ æóÇÛúÊóÇÙó ãöäú Ðóáößó ÌõãúåõæÑõ ÇáäøóÇÓö æóÚóÒøó Úóáóíúåöãú¡ ÍóÊøóì Úóáóì ãöËúáö ÚõãóÑó æóÚóáöíøò æóÓóåúáö Èúäö ÍõäóíúÝòº æóáöåóÐóÇ ßóÈøóÑó Úóáóíúåö Úóáöíøñ - ÑóÖöíó Çááøóåõ Úóäúåõ - (3) áóãøóÇ ãóÇÊó ÊóÈúíöíäðÇ áöÝóÖúáöåö Úóáóì ÛóíúÑöåö íóÚúäöí Óóåúáó Èúäó ÍõäóíúÝò ÝóÚóáöíøñ ÃóãóÑóåõ ÇáäøóÈöíøõ - Õóáøóì Çááøóåõ Úóáóíúåö æóÓóáøóãó - Ãóäú íóãúÍõæó ÇÓúãóåõ ãöäö ÇáúßöÊóÇÈö Ýóáóãú íóÝúÚóáú ÍóÊøóì ÃóÎóÐó ÇáäøóÈöíøõ - Õóáøóì Çááøóåõ Úóáóíúåö æóÓóáøóãó - ÇáúßöÊóÇÈó æóãóÍóÇåõ ÈöíóÏöåö.
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(1) ÓóÈóÞó åóÐóÇ ÇáúÍóÏöíËõ ÝöíãóÇ ãóÖóì 1/521 æóÈóíøóäúÊõ Ýöí ÊóÚúáöíÞöí ãóßóÇäó ÇáúÍóÏöíËö Ýöí ÇáúãõÓúäóÏö æóÔóÑóÍúÊõ Ýöíåö ÃóáúÝóÇÙóåõ.
(2) ÌóÇÁóÊú ÃóÍóÇÏöíËõ Úóäú ÃõÈóíøö Èúäö ßóÚúÈò - ÑóÖöíó Çááøóåõ Úóäúåõ - Ýöí ÇáúãõÓúäóÏö (Ø. ÇáúÍóáóÈöíøö) 5/136 ÈöåóÐóÇ ÇáúãóÚúäóì ãöäúåóÇ ÑöæóÇíóÉõ ÚóÊöíøö Èúäö ÖóãúÑóÉó ÇáÓøóÚúÏöíøö Úóäú ÃõÈóíøö Èúäö ßóÚúÈò - ÑóÖöíó Çááøóåõ Úóäúåõ - Ãóäøó ÑóÌõáðÇ ÇÚúÊóÒóì ÈöÚóÒóÇÁö ÇáúÌóÇåöáöíøóÉö ÝóÃóÚóÖøóåõ æóáóãú íõßóäøöåö¡ ÝóäóÙóÑó ÇáúÞóæúãõ Åöáóíúåö ÝóÞóÇáó áöáúÞóæúãö: Åöäøöí ÃóÑóì ÇáøóÐöí Ýöí ÃóäúÝõÓößõãú¡ Åöäøöí áóãú ÃóÓúÊóØöÚú ÅöáøóÇ Ãóäú ÃóÞõæáó åóÐóÇ¡ Åöäøó ÑóÓõæáó Çááøóåö - Õóáøóì Çááøóåõ Úóáóíúåö æóÓóáøóãó - ÃóãóÑóäóÇ ÅöÐóÇ ÓóãöÚúÊõãú ãóäú íóÚúÊóÒöí ÈöÚóÒóÇÁö ÇáúÌóÇåöáöíøóÉö¡ ÝóÃóÚöÖøõæåõ æóáóÇ ÊõßóäøõæÇ " æóÝöí " ÇáäøöåóÇíóÉö " Ýöí ÛóÑöíÈö ÇáúÍóÏöíËö " áöÇÈúäö ÇáúÃóËöíÑö ãóÇÏøóÉõ " ÚóÖóÖó ": ãóäú ÊóÚóÒøóì ÈöÚóÒóÇÁö ÇáúÌóÇåöáöíøóÉö ÝóÃóÚöÖøõæåõ Èöåóäö ÃóÈöíåö æóáóÇ ÊõßóäøõæÇ - Ãóíú ÞõæáõæÇ áóåõ: ÇÚúÖóÖú ÈöÃóíúÑö ÃóÈöíßó¡ æóáóÇ ÊõßóäøõæÇ Úóäö ÇáúÃóíúÑö ÈöÇáúåóäö ÊóäúßöíáðÇ áóåõ æóÊóÃúÏöíÈðÇ "
(3) Ýöí ÌóãöíÚö ÇáäøõÓóÎö: Úóáöíøñ Úóáóíúåö ÇáÓøóáóÇãõ.(8/409)
æóÝöí ÕóÍöíÍö ÇáúÈõÎóÇÑöíøö (1) Ãóäøóåõ ÞóÇáó áöÚóáöíøò: " ÇãúÍõ ÑóÓõæáó Çááøóåö " ÞóÇáó: áóÇ æóÇááøóåö áóÇ ÃóãúÍõæßó ÃóÈóÏðǺ ÝóÃóÎóÐó ÑóÓõæáõ Çááøóåö - Õóáøóì Çááøóåõ Úóáóíúåö æóÓóáøóãó - ÇáúßöÊóÇÈó¡ æóáóíúÓó íõÍúÓöäõ íóßúÊõÈõ (2) ÝóßóÊóÈó: " åóÐóÇ ãóÇ ÞóÇÖóì Úóáóíúåö ãõÍóãøóÏõ Èúäõ ÚóÈúÏö Çááøóåö ".
æóÓóåúáõ Èúäõ ÍõäóíúÝò íóÞõæáõ: " áóæö ÇÓúÊóØóÚúÊõ Ãóäú ÃóÑõÏøó ÃóãúÑó ÑóÓõæáö Çááøóåö - Õóáøóì Çááøóåõ Úóáóíúåö æóÓóáøóãó - áóÑóÏóÏúÊõåõ "¡ æóÚõãóÑõ íõäóÇÙöÑõ ÇáäøóÈöíøó - Õóáøóì Çááøóåõ Úóáóíúåö æóÓóáøóãó - æóíóÞõæáõ: ÅöÐóÇ ßõäøóÇ Úóáóì ÇáúÍóÞøö æóÚóÏõæøõäóÇ Úóáóì ÇáúÈóÇØöáö æóÞóÊúáóÇäóÇ Ýöí ÇáúÌóäøóÉö æóÞóÊúáóÇåõãú Ýöí ÇáäøóÇÑö æóÃóäúÊó ÑóÓõæáó Çááøóåö ÍóÞøðÇ ÝóÚóáóÇãó äõÚúØöí ÇáÏøóäöíøóÉó Ýöí ÏöíäöäóÇ¡ Ëõãøó Åöäøóåõ ÑóÌóÚó Úóäú Ðóáößó æóÚóãöáó áóåõ ÃóÚúãóÇáðÇ (3) .
æóÃóÈõæ ÈóßúÑò ÃóØúæóÚõåõãú áöáøóåö æóÑóÓõæáöåö (4) áóãú íóÕúÏõÑú Úóäúåõ ãõÎóÇáóÝóÉñ Ýöí ÔóíúÁò ÞóØøõ¡ Èóáú áóãøóÇ äóÇÙóÑóåõ ÚõãóÑõ ÈóÚúÏó ãõäóÇÙóÑóÊöåö áöáäøóÈöíøö - Õóáøóì Çááøóåõ Úóáóíúåö æóÓóáøóãó - ÃóÌóÇÈóåõ ÃóÈõæ ÈóßúÑò ÈöãöËúáö ãóÇ ÃóÌóÇÈóåõ ÇáäøóÈöíøõ - Õóáøóì Çááøóåõ Úóáóíúåö æóÓóáøóãó - ãöäú ÛóíúÑö Ãóäú íóÓúãóÚó ÌóæóÇÈó ÑóÓõæáö Çááøóåö - Õóáøóì Çááøóåõ Úóáóíúåö æóÓóáøóãó -.
æóåóÐóÇ ãöäú ÃóÈúíóäö ÇáúÃõãõæÑö ÏóáóÇáóÉð Úóáóì ãõæóÇÝóÞóÊöåö áöáäøóÈöíøö - Õóáøóì Çááøóåõ Úóáóíúåö æóÓóáøóãó -¡ æóãõäóÇÓóÈóÊöåö áóåõ æóÇÎúÊöÕóÇÕöåö Èöåö ÞóæúáðÇ æóÚóãóáðÇ æóÚöáúãðÇ æóÍóÇáðǺ ÅöÐú ßóÇäó Þóæúáõåõ ãöäú ÌöäúÓö Þóæúáöåö æóÚóãóáõåõ ãöäú ÌöäúÓö Úóãóáöåö. æóÝöí ÇáúãóæóÇØöäö ÇáøóÊöí ÙóåóÑó ÝöíåóÇ ÊóÞóÏøõãõåõ Úóáóì ÛóíúÑöåö Ýöí Ðóáößóº ÝóÃóíúäó ãóÞóÇãõåõ ãöäú ãóÞóÇãö ÛóíúÑöåö¿ ! åóÐóÇ íõäóÇÙöÑõåõ áöíóÑõÏøóåõ Úóäú
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(1) ÓóÈóÞó ÍóÏöíËõ ÇáúÈóÑóÇÁö Èúäö ÚóÇÒöÈò ÞóÈúáó ÕóÝóÍóÇÊò () æóÓóÃõÞóÇÈöáõ ÇáúßóáóÇãó ÇáÊøóÇáöíó Úóáóíúåö Åöäú ÔóÇÁó Çááøóåõ. æóÇáÑøöæóÇíóÉõ ÇáÊøóÇáöíóÉõ Ýöí: ÇáúÈõÎóÇÑöíøö 3/184 - 185.
(2) ÚöÈóÇÑóÉõ " æóáóíúÓó íõÍúÓöäõ íóßúÊõÈõ " áóíúÓóÊú Ýöí ÇáúÈõÎóÇÑöíøö¡ æóáóÚóáøóåóÇ ãöäú ßóáóÇãö ÇÈúäö ÊóíúãöíøóÉó.
(3) ÇáúßóáóÇãõ ÇáÓøóÇÈöÞõ åõæó ãõáóÎøóÕñ áöãóÇ ÌóÇÁó Ýöí ÃóÍóÇÏöíËó ÓóÇÈöÞóÉò.
(4) ã: æóáöÑóÓõæáöåö.(8/410)
ÃóãúÑöåöº æóåóÐóÇ íóÃúãõÑõåõ áöíóãúÍõæó ÇÓúãóåõ ÝóáóÇ íóãúÍõæåõ¡ æóåóÐóÇ íóÞõæáõ: áóæú ÃóÓúÊóØöíÚõ Ãóäú ÃóÑõÏøó ÃóãúÑó ÑóÓõæáö Çááøóåö - Õóáøóì Çááøóåõ Úóáóíúåö æóÓóáøóãó - áóÑóÏóÏúÊõåõ¡ æóåõæó íóÃúãõÑõ ÇáäøóÇÓó ÈöÇáúÍóáúÞö æóÇáäøóÍúÑö ÝóíóÊóæóÞøóÝõæäó.
æóáóÇ ÑóíúÈó Ãóäøó ÇáøóÐöí Íóãóáóåõãú Úóáóì Ðóáößó ÍõÈøõ Çááøóåö æóÑóÓõæáöåö¡ æóÈõÛúÖõ ÇáúßõÝøóÇÑö æóãóÍóÈøóÊõåõãú Ãóäú íóÙúåóÑó ÇáúÅöíãóÇäõ Úóáóì ÇáúßõÝúÑö¡ æóÃóäú áóÇ íóßõæäó ÞóÏú ÏóÎóáó Úóáóì Ãóåúáö ÇáúÅöíãóÇäö ÛóÖóÇÖóÉñ æóÖóíúãñ ãöäú Ãóåúáö ÇáúßõÝúÑö. æóÑóÃóæúÇ Ãóäøó ÞöÊóÇáóåõãú áöÆóáøóÇ íõÖóÇãõæÇ åóÐóÇ ÇáÖøóíúãó ÃóÍóÈøó Åöáóíúåöãú ãöäú åóÐöåö ÇáúãõÕóÇáóÍóÉö ÇáøóÊöí ÝöíåóÇ ãöäó ÇáÖøóíúãö ãóÇ ÝöíåóÇ.
áóßöäú ãóÚúáõæãñ æõÌõæÈõ ÊóÞúÏöíãö ÇáäøóÕøö Úóáóì ÇáÑøóÃúíö¡ æóÇáÔøóÑúÚö Úóáóì Çáúåóæóìº ÝóÇáúÃóÕúáõ ÇáøóÐöí ÇÝúÊóÑóÞó Ýöíåö ÇáúãõÄúãöäõæäó ÈöÇáÑøõÓõáö æóÇáúãõÎóÇáöÝõæäó áóåõãú: ÊóÞúÏöíãõ äõÕõæÕöåöãú Úóáóì ÇáúÂÑóÇÁö æóÔóÑúÚöåöãú Úóáóì ÇáúÃóåúæóÇÁö¡ æóÃóÕúáõ ÇáÔøóÑøö ãöäú ÊóÞúÏöíãö ÇáÑøóÃúíö Úóáóì ÇáäøóÕøö æóÇáúåóæóì * Úóáóì ÇáÔøóÑúÚöº Ýóãóäú äóæøóÑó Çááøóåõ ÞóáúÈóåõ ÝóÑóÃóì ãóÇ Ýöí ÇáäøóÕøö æóÇáÔøóÑúÚö (1) ãöäó ÇáÕøóáóÇÍö æóÇáúÎóíúÑö¡ æóÅöáøóÇ ÝóÚóáóíúåö * (2) ÇáöÇäúÞöíóÇÏõ áöäóÕøö ÑóÓõæáö Çááøóåö - Õóáøóì Çááøóåõ Úóáóíúåö æóÓóáøóãó - æóÔóÑúÚöåö (3) æóáóíúÓó áóåõ ãõÚóÇÑóÖóÊõåõ ÈöÑóÃúíöåö æóåóæóÇåõ.
ßóãóÇ ÞóÇáó - Õóáøóì Çááøóåõ Úóáóíúåö æóÓóáøóãó -: " Åöäøöí ÑóÓõæáõ Çááøóåö (4) æóáóÓúÊõ ÃóÚúÕöíåö¡ æóåõæó äóÇÕöÑöí " (5) ÝóÈóíøóäó Ãóäøóåõ ÑóÓõæáõ Çááøóåö¡ íóÝúÚóáõ ãóÇ ÃóãóÑóåõ Èöåö ãõÑúÓöáõåõ¡ áóÇ íóÝúÚóáõ ãöäú ÊöáúÞóÇÁö
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(1) ä¡ Ó: æóÔóÑúÚò¡ æóåõæó ÊóÍúÑöíÝñ.
(2) ãóÇ Èóíúäó ÇáäøóÌúãóÊóíúäö ÓóÇÞöØñ ãöäú (ã) .
(3) æóÔóÑúÚöåö: ÓóÇÞöØñ ãöäú (Ó) ¡ (È)
(4) ã: áóÑóÓõæáõ Çááøóåö
(5) ÌóÇÁóÊú åóÐöåö ÇáúÚöÈóÇÑóÉõ Ööãúäó ÇáúÍóÏöíËö ÇáøóÐöí ÓóÈóÞó ÐößúÑõ äóÕøöåö ÞóÈúáó ÕóÝóÍóÇÊò (519 - 520)(8/411)
äóÝúÓöåö æóÃóÎúÈóÑó Ãóäøóåõ íõØöíÚõåõ áóÇ íóÚúÕöíåö ßóãóÇ íóÝúÚóáõ ÇáúãõÊøóÈöÚõ áöÑóÃúíöåö (1) æóåóæóÇåõ æóÃóÎúÈóÑó Ãóäøóåõ äóÇÕöÑõåõ Ýóåõæó Úóáóì ËöÞóÉò ãöäú äóÕúÑö Çááøóåö ÝóáóÇ íóÖõÑøõåõ ãóÇ ÍóÕóáóº ÝóÅöäøó Ýöí Ööãúäö Ðóáößó ãöäó ÇáúãóÕúáóÍóÉö æóÚõáõæøö ÇáÏøöíäö ãóÇ ÙóåóÑó ÈóÚúÏó Ðóáößó¡ æóßóÇäó åóÐóÇ ÝóÊúÍðÇ ãõÈöíäðÇ Ýöí ÇáúÍóÞöíÞóÉö æóÅöäú ßóÇäó Ýöíåö ãóÇ áóãú íóÚúáóãú ÍõÓúäó ãóÇ Ýöíåö ßóËöíÑñ ãöäó ÇáäøóÇÓö¡ Èóáú ÑóÃóì Ðóáößó ÐõáøðÇ æóÚóÌúÒðÇ æóÛóÖóÇÖóÉð æóÖóíúãðÇ.
æóáöåóÐóÇ ÊóÇÈó ÇáøóÐöíäó ÚóÇÑóÖõæÇ Ðóáößó - ÑóÖöíó Çááøóåõ Úóäúåõãú - ßóãóÇ Ýöí ÇáúÍóÏöíËö ÑõÌõæÚõ ÚõãóÑó¡ æóßóÐóáößó Ýöí ÇáúÍóÏöíËö Ãóäøó Óóåúáó Èúäó ÍõäóíúÝò ÇÚúÊóÑóÝó ÈöÎóØóÆöåö ÍóíúËõ ÞóÇáó: " æóÇááøóåõ æóÑóÓõæáõåõ ÃóÚúáóãõ " æóÌóÚóáó ÑóÃúíóåõãú ÚöÈúÑóÉð áöãóäú ÈóÚúÏóåõãúº ÝóÃóãóÑóåõãú Ãóäú íóÊøóåöãõæÇ ÑóÃúíóåõãú Úóáóì Ïöíäöåöãúº ÝóÅöäøó ÇáÑøóÃúíó íóßõæäõ ÎóØóÃð¡ ßóãóÇ ßóÇäó ÑóÃúíõåõãú íóæúãó ÇáúÍõÏóíúÈöíóÉö ÎóØóÃð¡ æóßóÐóáößó Úóáóì ÇáøóÐöí áóãú íóÝúÚóáú ãóÇ ÃóãóÑóåõ Èöåö¡ æóÇáøóÐöíäó áóãú íóÝúÚóáõæÇ ãóÇ ÃõãöÑõæÇ Èöåö ãöäó ÇáúÍóáúÞö æóÇáäøóÍúÑö ÍóÊøóì ÝóÚóáó åõæó Ðóáößó ÞóÏú ÊóÇÈõæÇ ãöäú Ðóáößó æóÇááøóåõ íóÞúÈóáõ ÇáÊøóæúÈóÉó Úóäú ÚöÈóÇÏöåö æóíóÚúÝõæ Úóäö ÇáÓøóíøöÆóÇÊö.
æóÇáúÞöÕøóÉõ ßóÇäóÊú ÚóÙöíãóÉð ÈóáóÛóÊú ãöäúåõãú ãóÈúáóÛðÇ ÚóÙöíãðÇ áóÇ ÊóÍúãöáõåõ ÚóÇãøóÉõ ÇáäøõÝõæÓö æóÅöáøóÇ Ýóåõãú (2) ÎóíúÑõ ÇáúÎóáúÞö¡ æóÃóÝúÖóáõ ÇáäøóÇÓö æóÃóÚúÙóãõåõãú ÚöáúãðÇ æóÅöíãóÇäðÇ æóåõãõ ÇáøóÐöíäó ÈóÇíóÚõæÇ ÊóÍúÊó ÇáÔøóÌóÑóÉö¡ æóÞóÏú ÑóÖöíó [Çááøóåõ] Úóäúåõãú (3) æóÃóËúäóì Úóáóíúåöãú æóåõãõ ÇáÓøóÇÈöÞõæäó ÇáúÃóæøóáõæäó ãöäó ÇáúãõåóÇÌöÑöíäó æóÇáúÃóäúÕóÇÑö.
æóÇáöÇÚúÊöÈóÇÑõ Ýöí ÇáúÝóÖóÇÆöáö ÈößóãóÇáö ÇáäøöåóÇíóÉö áóÇ ÈöäóÞúÕö ÇáúÈöÏóÇíóÉö¡ æóÞóÏú ÞóÕøó Çááøóåõ
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(1) ä¡ Ó: ÈöÑóÃúíöåö¡ æóåõæó ÊóÍúÑöíÝñ.
(2) Ó: ÅöáøóÇ Ýóåõãú¡ È: ÅöáøóÇ ãóäú åõãú. . .
(3) ä¡ ã: æóÞóÏú ÑóÖöíó Úóäúåõãú.(8/412)
ÚóáóíúäóÇ ãöäú ÊóæúÈóÉö ÃóäúÈöíóÇÆöåö¡ æóÍõÓúäö ÚóÇÞöÈóÊöåöãú¡ æóãóÇ Âáó Åöáóíúåö ÃóãúÑõåõãú ãöäú Úóáóì ÇáÏøóÑóÌóÇÊö æóßóÑóÇãóÉö Çááøóåö áóåõãú ÈóÚúÏó Ãóäú ÌóÑóÊú áóåõãú ÃõãõæÑñ¡ æóáóÇ íóÌõæÒõ Ãóäú íõÙóäøó ÈõÛúÖõåõãú áöÃóÌúáöåóǺ ÅöÐóÇ ßóÇäó ÇáöÇÚúÊöÈóÇÑõ ÈößóãóÇáö ÇáäøöåóÇíóÉö áóÇ ÈöäóÞúÕö ÇáúÈöÏóÇíóÉö.
æóåóßóÐóÇ ÇáÓøóÇÈöÞõæäó ÇáúÃóæøóáõæäó ãóäú Ùõäøó ÈõÛúÖõåõãú [áöÃóÌúáöåóÇ ÅöÐóÇ ßóÇäó ÇáöÇÚúÊöÈóÇÑõ ÈößóãóÇáö ÇáäøöåóÇíóÉö] (1) ßóãóÇ ÐõßöÑó (2) ¡ Ýóåõæó ÌóÇåöáñº áóßöäøó ÇáúãóØúáõæÈó Ãóäøó ÇáÕøöÏøöíÞó Ãóßúãóáõ ÇáúÞóæúãö æóÃóÝúÖóáõåõãú æóÃóÓúÈóÞõåõãú Åöáóì ÇáúÎóíúÑóÇÊö¡ æóÃóäøóåõ áóãú íóßõäú Ýöíåöãú ãóäú íõÓóÇæöíåö.
æóåóÐóÇ ÃóãúÑñ Èóíøöäñ áóÇ íóÔõßøõ Ýöíåö ÅöáøóÇ ãóäú ßóÇäó ÌóÇåöáðÇ ÈöÍóÇáöåöãú ãóÚó ÇáÑøóÓõæáö - Õóáøóì Çááøóåõ Úóáóíúåö æóÓóáøóãó -¡ Ãóæú ßóÇäó ÕóÇÍöÈó åóæðì ÕóÏøóåõ ÇÊøöÈóÇÚõ åóæóÇåõ Úóäú ãóÚúÑöÝóÉö ÇáúÍóÞøö æóÅöáøóÇ Ýóãóäú ßóÇäó áóåõ Úóáöãñ æóÚóÏúáñ áóãú íóßõäú ÚöäúÏóåõ Ýöí Ðóáößó Ôóßøñ¡ ßóãóÇ áóãú íóßõäú ÚöäúÏó Ãóåúáö ÇáúÚöáúãö æóÇáúÅöíãóÇäö Ôóßøñº Èóáú ßóÇäõæÇ ãõØúÈöÞöíäó Úóáóì ÊóÞúÏöíãö ÇáÕøöÏøöíÞö æóÊóÝúÖöíáöåö Úóáóì ãóäú ÓöæóÇåõ ßóãóÇ ÇÊøóÝóÞó Úóáóì Ðóáößó ÚõáóãóÇÁõ ÇáúãõÓúáöãöíäó æóÎöíóÇÑõåõãú ãöäó ÇáÕøóÍóÇÈóÉö æóÇáÊøóÇÈöÚóíúäö æóÊóÇÈöÚöíåöãú¡ æóåõæó ãóÐúåóÈõ ãóÇáößò æóÃóÕúÍóÇÈöåö¡ æóÇáÔøóÇÝöÚöíøö æóÃóÕúÍóÇÈöåö¡ æóÃóÍúãóÏó æóÃóÕúÍóÇÈöåö¡ æóÏóÇæõÏó æóÃóÕúÍóÇÈöåö¡ æóÇáËøóæúÑöíøö æóÃóÕúÍóÇÈöåö¡ æóÇáúÃóæúÒóÇÚöíøö æóÃóÕúÍóÇÈöåö¡ æóÇááøóíúËö æóÃóÕúÍóÇÈöåö¡ æóÓóÇÆöÑö ÇáúÚõáóãóÇÁö ÇáøóÐöíäó áóåõãú Ýöí ÇáúÃõãøóÉö áöÓóÇäõ ÕöÏúÞò.
æóãóäú Ùóäøó Ãóäøó ãõÎóÇáóÝóÉó ãóäú ÎóÇáóÝó ÃóãúÑó ÇáÑøóÓõæáö íóæúãó ÇáúÍõÏóíúÈöíóÉó - Ãóæú ÛóíúÑóåõ - áóãú Êóßõäú ãöäó ÇáÐøõäõæÈö ÇáøóÊöí ÊóÌöÈõ ÇáÊøóæúÈóÉõ ãöäúåóÇ Ýóåõæó ÛóÇáöØñ¡ ßóãóÇ ÞóÇáó ãóäú ÃóÎóÐó íóÚúÊóÐöÑõ
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(1) ãóÇ Èóíúäó ÇáúãóÚúÞõæÝóÊóíúäö ÓóÇÞöØñ ãöäú (ä) ¡ (ã) .
(2) ä¡ ã¡ Ó: áöãóÇ ÐõßöÑó.(8/413)
áöãóäú ÎóÇáóÝó ÃóãúÑóåõ ÚõÐúÑðÇ íõÞúÕóÏõ Èöåö (1) ÑóÝúÚõ ÇáúãóáóÇãö: ÈöÃóäøóåõãú ÅöäøóãóÇ ÊóÃóÎøóÑõæÇ Úóäö ÇáäøóÍúÑö æóÇáúÍóáúÞö ; áöÃóäøóåõãú ßóÇäõæÇ íóäúÊóÙöÑõæäó ÇáäøóÓúÎó æóäõÒõæáó ÇáúæóÍúíö ÈöÎöáóÇÝö Ðóáößó.
æóÞóæúáõ ãóäú íóÞõæáõ ÅöäøóãóÇ ÊóÎóáøóÝó ãóäú ÊóÎóáøóÝó Úóäú ØóÇÚóÊöåö ÅöãøóÇ ÊóÚúÙöíãðÇ áöãóÑúÊóÈóÊöåö Ãóäú íóãúÍõæó ÇÓúãóåõ¡ Ãóæú íóÞõæáõ: ãõÑóÇÌóÚóÉõ ãóäú ÑóÇÌóÚóåõ Ýöí ãõÕóÇáóÍóÉö ÇáúãõÔúÑößöíäó ÅöäøóãóÇ ßóÇäóÊú ÞóÕúÏðÇ áöÙõåõæÑö ÇáúÅöíãóÇäö Úóáóì ÇáúßõÝúÑö æóäóÍúæö Ðóáößó.
ÝóíõÞóÇáõ: ÇáúÃóãúÑõ ÇáúÌóÇÒöãõ ãöäó ÇáÑøóÓõæáö - Õóáøóì Çááøóåõ Úóáóíúåö æóÓóáøóãó - ÇáøóÐöí ÃóÑóÇÏó Èöåö ÇáúÅöíÌóÇÈó¡ ãõæÌöÈñ áöØóÇÚóÊöåö ÈöÇÊøöÝóÇÞö Ãóåúáö ÇáúÅöíãóÇäö¡ æóÅöäøóãóÇ äóÇÒóÚó Ýöí ÇáúÃóãúÑö ÇáúãõØúáóÞö ÈóÚúÖõ ÇáäøóÇÓö áöÇÍúÊöãóÇáö Ãóäøóåõ áóíúÓó ÈöÌóÇÒöãò ÃóÑóÇÏó Èöåö ÇáúÅöíÌóÇÈó¡ æóÃóãøóÇ ãóÚó ÙõåõæÑö ÇáúÌóÒúãö æóÇáúÅöíÌóÇÈö Ýóáóãú íóÓúÊóÑöÈú ÃóÍóÏñ Ýöí Ðóáößó.
æóãóÚúáõæãñ Ãóäøó ÃóãúÑóåõ ÈöÇáäøóÍúÑö æóÇáúÍóáúÞö ßóÇäó ÌóÇÒöãðÇ æóßóÇäó ãõÞúÊóÖóÇåõ ÇáúÝöÚúáõ Úóáóì ÇáúÝóæúÑö ÈöÏóáöíáö Ãóäøóåõ ÑóÏøóÏóåõ ËóáóÇËðÇ¡ ÝóáóãøóÇ áóãú íóÞõãú ÃóÍóÏñ ÏóÎóáó Úóáóì Ãõãøö ÓóáóãóÉó ÝóÐóßóÑó áóåóÇ ãóÇ áóÞöíó ãöäó ÇáäøóÇÓö¡ æóÑóæóì Ãóäøóåõ ÛóÖöÈó æóÞóÇáó: ãóÇáöí áóÇ ÃóÛúÖóÈõ æóÃóäóÇ ÂãõÑõ ÈöÇáúÃóãúÑö ÝóáóÇ (2) íõÊøóÈóÚõ (3) .
æóÑõæöíó Ãóäøóåõ ÞóÇáó Ðóáößó áóãøóÇ ÃóãóÑóåõãú ÈöÇáÊøóÍóáøõáö Ýöí ÍóÌøóÉö ÇáúæóÏóÇÚö.
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(1) Ó: áöãóäú ÎóÇáóÝó ÃóãúÑó ÚõÐúÑö ãóÇ íõÞúÕóÏõ Èöåö¡ È: áöãóäú ÎóÇáóÝó ÃóãúÑóåõ ÚõÐúÑðÇ ãóÇ íõÞúÕóÏõ Èöåö. æóÓóÞóØóÊú " Èöåö " ãöäú (ã) .
(2) ä: Ó¡ È: æóáóÇ.
(3) ÇáúÍóÏöíËõ Úóäö ÇáúÈóÑóÇÁö Èúäö ÚóÇÒöÈò - ÑóÖöíó Çááøóåõ Úóäúåõ - Ýöí: Óõäóäö ÇÈúäö ãóÇÌóåú 2/993 (ßöÊóÇÈõ ÇáúãóäóÇÓößö¡ ÈóÇÈõ ÝóÓúÎö ÇáúÍóÌøö) æóäóÕøõåõ: ÎóÑóÌó ÚóáóíúäóÇ ÑóÓõæáõ Çááøóåö - Õóáøóì Çááøóåõ Úóáóíúåö æóÓóáøóãó - æóÃóÕúÍóÇÈõåõ ÝóÃóÍúÑóãúäóÇ ÈöÇáúÍóÌøöº ÝóáóãøóÇ ÞóÏöãúäóÇ ãóßøóÉó ÞóÇáó: " ÇÌúÚóáõæÇ ÍóÌøóÊóßõãú ÚõãúÑóÉð " ÝóÞóÇáó ÇáäøóÇÓõ: íóÇ ÑóÓõæáó Çááøóåö¡ ÞóÏú ÃóÍúÑóãúäóÇ ÈöÇáúÍóÌøö. ÝóßóíúÝó äóÌúÚóáõåóÇ ÚõãúÑóÉð¿ ÞóÇáó: " ÇäúÙõÑõæÇ ãóÇ ÂãõÑõßõãú Èöåö ÝóÇÝúÚóáõæÇ " ÝóÑóÏøõæÇ Úóáóíúåö ÇáúÞóæúáóº ÝóÛóÖöÈó¡ ÝóÇäúØóáóÞó¡ Ëõãøó ÏóÎóáó Úóáóì ÚóÇÆöÔóÉó ÛóÖúÈóÇäó¡ ÝóÑóÃóÊö ÇáúÛóÖóÈó Ýöí æóÌúåöåö¡ ÝóÞóÇáóÊú: ãóäú ÃóÛúÖóÈóßó¿ ÃóÛúÖóÈóåõ Çááøóåõ! ÞóÇáó: " æóãóÇáöí áóÇ ÃóÛúÖóÈõ¡ æóÃóäóÇ ÂãöÑñ ÃóãúÑðÇ ÝóáóÇ ÃõÊøóÈóÚõ¿ " æóÇáúÍóÏöíËõ Ýöí ÇáúãõÓúäóÏö (Ø. ÇáúÍóáóÈöíøö) \ 4 286.(8/414)
æóãóÚúáõæãñ Ãóäøó ÇáúÃóãúÑó ÈöÇáÊøóÍóáøõáö (1) ÈöåóÐöåö ÇáúÚõãúÑóÉö ÇáøóÊöí ÃõÍúÕöÑõæÇ ÝöíåóÇ ßóÇäó ÃóæúßóÏó ãöäó ÇáúÃóãúÑö ÈöÇáÊøóÍóáøõáö Ýöí ÍóÌøö ÇáúæóÏóÇÚö.
æóÃóíúÖðÇ ÝóÅöäøóåõ ßóÇäó ãõÍúÊóÇÌðÇ Åöáóì ãóÍúæö ÇÓúãöåö ãöäö ÇáúßöÊóÇÈö áöíóÊöãøó ÇáÕøõáúÍõº æóáöåóÐóÇ ãóÍóÇåõ ÈöíóÏöåö¡ æóÇáúÃóãúÑõ ÈöÐóáößó ßóÇäó ÌóÇÒöãðÇ. æóÇáúãõÎóÇáöÝõ áöÃóãúÑöåö Åöäú ßóÇäó ãõÊóÃóæøöáðÇ Ýóåõæó ÙóÇäøñ Ãóäøó åóÐóÇ áóÇ íóÌöÈõ¡ áöãóÇ Ýöíåö ãöäú ÞöáøóÉö ÇÍúÊöÑóÇãö ÇáÑøóÓõæáö - Õóáøóì Çááøóåõ Úóáóíúåö æóÓóáøóãó -¡ Ãóæú áöãóÇ (2) Ýöíåö ãöäö ÇäúÊöÙóÇÑö ÇáúÚõãúÑóÉö æóÚóÏóãö ÅöÊúãóÇãö Ðóáößó ÇáÕøõáúÍö. ÝóÍóÓúÈõ ÇáúãõÊóÃóæøöáö Ãóäú íóßõæäó ãõÌúÊóåöÏðÇ ãõÎúØöÆðÇ ÝóÅöäøóåõ ãóÚó ÌóÒúãö ÇáäøóÈöíøö - Õóáøóì Çááøóåõ Úóáóíúåö æóÓóáøóãó - æóÊóÔóßøöíåö ãöãøóäú áóãú íóãúÊóËöáú ÃóãúÑóåõ æóÞóæúáóåõ: " ãóÇ áöí áóÇ ÃóÛúÖóÈõ æóÃóäóÇ ÂãöÑñ ÈöÇáúÃóãúÑö (3) æóáóÇ ÃõÊøóÈóÚõ (4) " áóÇ íõãúßöäõ (5) ÊóÓúæöíÛõ ÇáúãõÎóÇáóÝóÉöº áóßöäøó åóÐóÇ ãöãøóÇ ÊóÇÈõæÇ ãöäúåõ ßóãóÇ ÊóÇÈõæÇ ãöäú ÛóíúÑöåö.
ÝóáóíúÓó áöÃóÍóÏò Ãóäú íõËúÈöÊó ÚöÕúãóÉó ãóäú áóíúÓó ÈöãóÚúÕõæãò¡ ÝóíóÞúÏóÍõ ÈöÐóáößó Ýöí ÃóãúÑö ÇáúãóÚúÕõæãö - Õóáøóì Çááøóåõ Úóáóíúåö æóÓóáøóãó -¡ ßóãóÇ ÝóÚóáó Ðóáößó Ýöí ÊóæúÈóÉö ãóäú ÊóÇÈó¡ æóÍóÕóáó áóåõ ÈöÇáÐøóäúÈö äóæúÚñ ãöäö ÇáúÚöÞóÇÈö ÝóÃóÎóÐó íóäúÝöí Úóáóì ÇáúÝöÚúáö ãóÇ íõæÌöÈõ ÇáúãóáóÇãó¡ æóÇááøóåõ ÞóÏú áóÇãóåõ áóæúãó ÇáúãõÐúäöÈöíäó (6) ÝóíóÒöíÏõ ÊóÚúÙöíãó ÇáúÈóÔóÑö ÝóíóÞúÏóÍõ (7) Ýöí ÑóÈøö ÇáúÚóÇáóãöíäó (8) .
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(1) Ó¡ È: ãöäó ÇáÊøóÍóáøõáö.
(2) ã: æóáöãóÇ.
(3) Ó¡ È: ÈöÇáúãóÚúÑõæÝö.
(4) ã: ÝóáóÇ ÃõÊøóÈóÚõ.
(5) ã: æóáóÇ íõãúßöäõ. . .
(6) Ãóíö Çááøóåõ ÊóÚóÇáóì áóÇãó ãóäú ÝóÚóáó ÇáÐøóäúÈó áóæúãó ÇáúãõÐúäöÈöíäó¡ Ëõãøó ÊóÇÈó ÇáúãõÐúäöÈõ Úóäú Ðóáößó ÇáÐøóäúÈö.
(7) Ó¡ È: ÝóíóÞöáøõ.
(8) Ãóíú Ãóäøó åóÐóÇ ÇáøóÐöí íõËúÈöÊõ ÚöÕúãóÉó ãóäú áóíúÓó ÈöãóÚúÕõæãò¡ íóÒöíÏõ ÊóÚúÙöíãó åóÐóÇ ÇáÐøóäúÈö ãöäó ÇáúÈóÔóÑö¡ æóíõÞóÏøöãõ ÈöÐóáößó Ýöí Çááøóåö ÊóÚóÇáóìº ÅöÐú Åöäøóåõ áóÇ íóÚúÊóÈöÑõ ÃóãúÑó Çááøóåö áóåõ æóäóåúíóåõ¡ æóíóÚõÏøõ ÇáúãõÐúäöÈó ÛóíúÑó ãõÐúäöÈò.(8/415)
æóãóäú Úóáöãó Ãóäøó ÇáöÇÚúÊöÈóÇÑó ÈößóãóÇáö ÇáäøöåóÇíóÉö¡ æóÃóäøó ÇáÊøóæúÈóÉó ÊóäúÞõáõ ÇáúÚóÈúÏó Åöáóì ãóÑúÊóÈóÉò Ãóßúãóáó ãöãøóÇ ßóÇäó Úóáóíúåöº Úóáöãó Ãóäøó ãóÇ ÝóÚóáóåõ Çááøóåõ ÈöÚöÈóÇÏöåö ÇáúãõÄúãöäöíäó ßóÇäó ãöäú ÃóÚúÙóãö äöÚóãö Çááøóåö Úóáóíúåöãú.
æóÃóíúÖðÇ ÝóÝöí ÇáúãóæóÇÖöÚö ÇáøóÊöí áóÇ íóßõæäõ ãóÚó ÇáäøóÈöíøö - Õóáøóì Çááøóåõ Úóáóíúåö æóÓóáøóãó - ãöäú ÃóßóÇÈöÑö ÇáÕøóÍóÇÈóÉö ÅöáøóÇ æóÇÍöÏñ ßóÇäó íóßõæäõ åõæó Ðóáößó ÇáúæóÇÍöÏó¡ ãöËúáó ÓóÝóÑöåö Ýöí ÇáúåöÌúÑóÉö æóãõÞóÇãöåö íóæúãó ÈóÏúÑò Ýöí ÇáúÚóÑöíÔö: áóãú íóßõäú ãóÚóåõ Ýöíåö ÅöáøóÇ ÃóÈõæ ÈóßúÑò¡ æóãöËúáó ÎõÑõæÌöåö Åöáóì ÞóÈóÇÆöáö ÇáúÚóÑóÈö íóÏúÚõæåõãú Åöáóì ÇáúÅöÓúáóÇãö ßóÇäó íóßõæäõ ãóÚóåõ ãöäú ÃóßóÇÈöÑö ÇáÕøóÍóÇÈóÉö ÃóÈõæ ÈóßúÑò.
æóåóÐóÇ ÇáöÇÎúÊöÕóÇÕõ Ýöí ÇáÕøõÍúÈóÉö áóãú íóßõäú áöÛóíúÑöåö ÈöÇÊøöÝóÇÞö Ãóåúáö ÇáúãóÚúÑöÝóÉö ÈöÃóÍúæóÇáö ÇáäøóÈöíøö - Õóáøóì Çááøóåõ Úóáóíúåö æóÓóáøóãó -. æóÃóãøóÇ ãóäú ßóÇäó ÌóÇåöáðÇ ÃóÍúæóÇáó ÇáäøóÈöíøö - Õóáøóì Çááøóåõ Úóáóíúåö æóÓóáøóãó - Ãóæú ßóÐøóÇÈðÇ ÝóÐóáößó íõÎóÇØóÈõ (1) ÎöØóÇÈó ãöËúáöåö.
ÝóÞóæúáõåõ ÊóÚóÇáóì Ýöí ÇáúÞõÑúÂäö: {ÅöÐú íóÞõæáõ áöÕóÇÍöÈöåö áóÇ ÊóÍúÒóäú} [ÓõæÑóÉõ ÇáÊøóæúÈóÉö: 40] áóÇ íóÎúÊóÕøõ ÈöãõÕóÇÍóÈóÊöåö Ýöí ÇáúÛóÇÑö¡ Èóáú åõæó ÕóÇÍöÈõåõ ÇáúãõØúáóÞõ ÇáøóÐöí ßóãõáó [Ýöí] ÇáÕøõÍúÈóÉö (2) ßóãóÇáðÇ áóãú íóÔúÑóßúåõ Ýöíåö ÛóíúÑõåõ¡ ÝóÕóÇÑó ãõÎúÊóÕøðÇ ÈöÇáúÃóßúãóáöíøóÉö (3) ãöäó ÇáÕøõÍúÈóÉö.
ßóãóÇ Ýöí ÇáúÍóÏöíËö ÑóæóÇåõ ÇáúÈõÎóÇÑöíøõ Úóäú ÃóÈöí ÇáÏøóÑúÏóÇÁö Úóäö ÇáäøóÈöíøö - Õóáøóì Çááøóåõ Úóáóíúåö æóÓóáøóãó - Ãóäøóåõ ÞóÇáó: " «ÃóíøõåóÇ ÇáäøóÇÓõ ÇÚúÑóÝõæÇ áöÃóÈöí ÈóßúÑò ÍóÞøóåõº ÝóÅöäøóåõ áóãú
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(1) Ó: Ãóæú ßóÐøóÇÈðÇ íõÎóÇØöÈõ¡ È: Ãóæú ßóÐøóÇÈðÇ ÝóíõÎóÇØóÈõ.
(2) ä¡ ã¡ Ó: ßóãøóáó ÇáÕøõÍúÈóÉó. . .
(3) ã: ÈöÇáúÃóåúáöíøóÉö.(8/416)
íóÓõÄúäöí ÞóØøõ¡ ÃóíøõåóÇ ÇáäøóÇÓõ Åöäøöí ÑóÇÖò Úóäú ÚõãóÑó æóÚõËúãóÇäó æóÚóáöíøò æóÝõáóÇäò æóÝõáóÇäò» " (1) .
ÝóÞóÏú ÊóÈóíøóäó Ãóäøó ÇáäøóÈöíøó - Õóáøóì Çááøóåõ Úóáóíúåö æóÓóáøóãó -[ÎóÕøóåõ] (2) Ïõæäó ÛóíúÑöåö ãóÚó Ãóäøóåõ ÞóÏú ÌóÚóáó ÛóíúÑóåõ ãöäú ÃóÕúÍóÇÈöåö ÃóíúÖðǺ áóßöäú ÎóÕøóåõ ÈößóãóÇáö ÇáÕøõÍúÈóÉö.
æóáöåóÐóÇ ÞóÇáó ãóäú ÞóÇáó ãöäó ÇáúÚõáóãóÇÁö: Åöäøó ÝóÖóÇÆöáó ÇáÕøöÏøöíÞö ÎóÕóÇÆöÕõ áóãú íóÔúÑóßúåõ ÝöíåóÇ ÛóíúÑõåõ.
æóãóäú ÃóÑóÇÏó Ãóäú íóÚúÑöÝó ÝóÖóÇÆöáóåõãú æóãóäóÇÒöáóåõãú ÚöäúÏó ÇáäøóÈöíøö - Õóáøóì Çááøóåõ Úóáóíúåö æóÓóáøóãó - ÝóáúíóÊóÏóÈøóÑö ÇáúÃóÍóÇÏöíËó ÇáÕøóÍöíÍóÉó ÇáÊì ÕóÍøóÍóåóÇ Ãóåúáõ ÇáúÚöáúãö ÈöÇáúÍóÏöíËö ÇáøóÐöíäó ßóãõáóÊú ÎöÈúÑóÊõåõãú ÈöÍóÇáö ÇáäøóÈöíøö - Õóáøóì Çááøóåõ Úóáóíúåö æóÓóáøóãó - æóãóÍóÈøóÊõåõãú áóåõ¡ æóÕöÏúÞõåõãú Ýöí ÇáÊøóÈúáöíÛö Úóäúåõ æóÕóÇÑó åóæóÇåõãú ÊóÈóÚðÇ áöãóÇ ÌóÇÁó Èöåö¡ ÝóáóíúÓó áóåõãú ÛóÑóÖñ ÅöáøóÇ ãóÚúÑöÝóÉõ ãóÇ ÞóÇáóåõ¡ æóÊóãúíöíÒõåõ ÚóãøóÇ íõÎúáóØõ ÈöÐóáößó ãöäú ßóÐöÈö ÇáúßóÇÐöÈöíäó æóÛóáóØö ÇáúÛóÇáöØöíäó.
ßóÃóÕúÍóÇÈö ÇáÕøóÍöíÍö: ãöËúáö: ÇáúÈõÎóÇÑöíøö¡ æóãõÓúáöãò¡ æóÇáúÅöÓúãóÇÚöíáöíøö¡
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(1) áóãú ÃóÌöÏö ÇáúÍóÏöíËó ÈöåóÐöåö ÇáúÃóáúÝóÇÙö Ýöí ÇáúÈõÎóÇÑöíøöº æóáóßöäú ÌóÇÁó Ýöí ÇáÓøöíÑóÉö ÇáäøóÈóæöíøóÉö áöÇÈúäö ßóËöíÑò (ÊóÍúÞöíÞõ ÇáúÃõÓúÊóÇÐö ãõÕúØóÝóì ÚóÈúÏ ÇáúæóÇÍöÏö) 4/426 æóÞóÇáó ÇáØøóÈóÑóÇäöíøõ: ÍóÏøóËóäóÇ Úóáöíøõ Èúäõ ÅöÓúÍóÇÞó ÇáúæóÒöíÑõ ÇáúÃóÕúÈóåóÇäöíøõ¡ ÍóÏøóËóäóÇ Úóáöíøõ Èúäõ ãõÍóãøóÏò ÇáóãõÞóÏøóãöíøõ¡ ÍóÏøóËóäóÇ ãõÍóãøóÏõ Èúäõ ÚõãóÑó Èúäö Úóáöíøò ÇáóãõÞóÏøóãöíøõ¡ ÍóÏøóËóäóÇ Úóáöíøõ Èúäõ ãõÍóãøóÏö Èúäö íõæÓõÝó Èúäö ÔóÈøóÇäó Èúäö ãóÇáößö Èúäö ãöÓúãóÚò¡ ÍóÏøóËóäóÇ Óóåúáõ Èúäõ ÍõäóíúÝö Èúäö Óóåúáö Èúäö ãóÇáößò ÃóÎöí ßóÚúÈö Èúäö ãóÇáößò¡ Úóäú ÃóÈöíåö Úóäú ÌóÏøöåö¡ ÞóÇáó: áóãøóÇ ÞóÏöãó ÑóÓõæáõ Çááøóåö - Õóáøóì Çááøóåõ Úóáóíúåö æóÓóáøóãó - ÇáúãóÏöíäóÉó ãöäú ÍóÌøóÉö ÇáúæóÏóÇÚö ÕóÚöÏó ÇáúãöäúÈóÑó ÝóÍóãöÏó Çááøóåó æóÃóËúäóì Úóáóíúåö¡ Ëõãøó ÞóÇáó: " ÃóíøõåóÇ ÇáäøóÇÓõ Åöäú ÃóÈóÇ ÈóßúÑò áóãú íóÓõÄúäöí ÞóØøõ ÝóÇÚúÑöÝõæÇ Ðóáößó áóåõ. ÃóíøõåóÇ ÇáäøóÇÓõ Åöäøöí Úóäú ÃóÈöí ÈóßúÑò æóÚõãóÑó æóÚõËúãóÇäó æóÚóáöíøò æóØóáúÍóÉó æóÇáÒøõÈóíúÑö æóÚóÈúÏö ÇáÑøóÍúãóäö Èúäö ÚóæúÝò æóÇáúãõåóÇÌöÑöíäó ÇáúÃóæøóáöíäó ÑóÇÖò ÝóÇÚúÑöÝõæÇ Ðóáößó áóåõãú ".
(2) ÎóÕøóåõ: ÓóÇÞöØóÉñ ãöäú (ä) ¡ (ã) ¡ (Ó) . æóãóßóÇäõåóÇ Ýöí (Ó) ÈóíóÇÖñ.(8/417)
æóÇáúÈóÑúÞóÇäöíøö¡ æóÃóÈöí äõÚóíúãò¡ æóÇáÏøóÇÑóÞõØúäöíøö¡ æóãöËúáö ÕóÍöíÍö ÇÈúäö ÎõÒóíúãóÉó æóÇÈúäö ãóäúÏóåú (1) æóÃóÈöí ÍóÇÊöãò ÇáúÈõÓúÊöíøö æóÇáúÍóÇßöãö.
æóãóÇ ÕóÍøóÍóåõ ÃóÆöãøóÉõ Ãóåúáö ÇáúÍóÏöíËö [ÇáøóÐöíäó] (2) åõãú ÃóÌóáøõ ãöäú åóÄõáóÇÁö¡ Ãóæú ãöËúáõåõãú (3) ãöäó ÇáúãõÊóÞóÏøöãöíäó æóÇáúãõÊóÃóÎøöÑöíäó¡ ãöËúáõ: ãóÇáößò æóÔõÚúÈóÉó æóíóÍúíóì Èúäö ÓóÚöíÏò æóÚóÈúÏö ÇáÑøóÍúãóäö Èúäö ãóåúÏöíøò¡ æóÇÈúäö ÇáúãõÈóÇÑóßö¡ æóÃóÍúãóÏó¡ æóÇÈúäö ãóÚöíäò æóÇÈúäö ÇáúãóÏöíäöí¡ æóÃóÈöí ÍóÇÊöãò æóÃóÈöí ÒõÑúÚóÉó ÇáÑøóÇÒöíøóíúäö¡ æóÎóáóÇÆöÞó áóÇ íõÍúÕöí ÚóÏóÏõåõãú ÅöáøóÇ Çááøóåõ ÊóÚóÇáóì.
ÝóÅöÐóÇ ÊóÏóÈøóÑó ÇáúÚóÇÞöáõ ÇáúÃóÍóÇÏöíËó ÇáÕøóÍöíÍóÉó ÇáËøóÇÈöÊóÉó ÚöäúÏó åóÄõáóÇÁö æóÃóãúËóÇáöåöãú ÚóÑóÝó ÇáÕøöÏúÞó ãöäó ÇáúßóÐöÈöº ÝóÅöäøó åóÄõáóÇÁö ãöäú Ãóßúãóáö ÇáäøóÇÓö ãóÚúÑöÝóÉð ÈöÐóáößó æóÃóÔóÏøöåöãú ÑóÛúÈóÉð Ýöí ÇáÊøóãúíöíÒö Èóíúäó ÇáÕøöÏúÞö æóÇáúßóÐöÈö æóÃóÚúÙóãöåöãú ÐóÈøðÇ Úóäú ÑóÓõæáö Çááøóåö - Õóáøóì Çááøóåõ Úóáóíúåö æóÓóáøóãó - Ýóåõãõ ÇáúãõåóÇÌöÑõæäó Åöáóì ÓõäøóÊöåö æóÍóÏöíËöåö æóÇáúÃóäúÕóÇÑõ áóåõ Ýöí ÇáÏøöíäö íóÞúÕöÏõæäó ÖóÈúØó ãóÇ ÞóÇáóåõ æóÊóÈúáöíÛóåõ áöáäøóÇÓö¡ æóíóäúÝõæäó Úóäúåõ ãóÇ ßóÐóÈóåõ ÇáúßóÐøóÇÈõæäó (4) ¡ æóÛóáóØó Ýöíåö ÇáúÛóÇáöØõæäó¡ æóãóäú ÔóÑóßóåõãú Ýöí Úöáúãöåöãú Úóáöãó ãóÇ ÞóÇáõæåõ¡ æóÚóáöãó ÈóÚúÖó ÞóÏúÑöåöãú¡ æóÅöáøóÇ ÝóáúíõÓóáøöãö ÇáúÞóæúÓó Åöáóì ÈóÇÑöíåóÇ¡ ßóãóÇ íõÓóáøöãõ Åöáóì ÇáúÃóØöÈøóÇÁö ØöÈøóåõãú¡ æóÅöáóì ÇáäøõÍóÇÉö äóÍúæóåõãú¡ æóÅöáóì ÇáúÝõÞóåóÇÁö ÝöÞúåóåõãú¡ æóÅöáóì Ãóåúáö ÇáúÍöÓóÇÈö ÍöÓóÇÈóåõãú ãóÚó Ãóäøó ÌóãöíÚó åóÄõáóÇÁö ÞóÏú íóÊøóÝöÞõæäó Úóáóì ÎóØóÃò Ýöí
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(1) ã: æóÇÈúäö ãõäúßó æóÇÈúäö ÇáúãóÏöíäöíøö.
(2) ÇáøóÐöíäó: ÒöíóÇÏóÉñ Ýöí (È) ÝóÞóØú
(3) ä¡ Ó¡ È: æóÃóãúËóÇáõåõãú.
(4) ä¡ ã: ÇáúßóÇÐöÈõæäó.(8/418)
ÕöäóÇÚóÊöåöãúº ÅöáøóÇ ÇáúÝõÞóåóÇÁõ ÝöíãóÇ (1) íõÝúÊõæäó Èöåö ãöäó ÇáÔøóÑúÚö¡ æóÃóåúáõ ÇáúÍóÏöíËö ÝöíãóÇ íõÝúÊõæäó Èöåö ãöäó ÇáäøóÞúáö¡ ÝóáóÇ íóÌõæÒõ Ãóäú íóÊøóÝöÞõæÇ Úóáóì ÇáÊøóÕúÏöíÞö ÈößóÐöÈò¡ æóáóÇ Úóáóì ÇáÊøóßúÐöíÈö ÈöÕöÏúÞòº Èóáú ÅöÌúãóÇÚõåõãú ãóÚúÕõæãñ Ýöí ÇáÊøóÕúÏöíÞö æóÇáÊøóßúÐöíÈö ÈöÃóÎúÈóÇÑö ÇáäøóÈöíøö - Õóáøóì Çááøóåõ Úóáóíúåö æóÓóáøóãó - ßóãóÇ Ãóäøó ÅöÌúãóÇÚó ÇáúÝõÞóåóÇÁö ãóÚúÕõæãñ (2) Ýöí ÇáúÅöÎúÈóÇÑö Úóäö ÇáúÝöÚúáö ÈöÏõÎõæáöåö Ýöí ÃóãúÑöåö Ãóæú äóåúíöåö¡ Ãóæú ÊóÍúáöíáöåö Ãóæú ÊóÍúÑöíãöåö.
æóãóäú ÊóÃóãøóáó åóÐóÇ æóÌóÏó ÝóÖóÇÆöáó ÇáÕøöÏøöíÞö ÇáøóÊöí Ýöí ÇáÕøöÍóÇÍö ßóËöíÑóÉð¡ æóåöíó ÎóÕóÇÆöÕõ. ãöËúáõ ÍóÏöíËö ÇáúãõÎóÇáøóÉö¡ æóÍóÏöíËö: Åöäøó Çááøóåó ãóÚóäóÇ¡ æóÍóÏöíËö Åöäøóåõ ÃóÍóÈøõ ÇáÑøöÌóÇáö Åöáóì ÇáäøóÈöíøö - Õóáøóì Çááøóåõ Úóáóíúåö æóÓóáøóãó - æóÍóÏöíËö ÇáúÅöÊúíóÇäö (3) Åöáóíúåö ÈóÚúÏóåõ¡ æóÍóÏöíËö ßöÊóÇÈóÉö ÇáúÚóåúÏö Åöáóíúåö ÈóÚúÏóåõ¡ æóÍóÏöíËö ÊóÎúÕöíÕöåö ÈöÇáÊøóÕúÏöíÞö (4) ÇÈúÊöÏóÇÁð æóÇáÕøõÍúÈóÉö¡ æóÊóÑúßöåö áóåõ¡ æóåõæó Þóæúáõåõ: " «Ýóåóáú ÃóäúÊõãú ÊóÇÑößõæ áöí ÕóÇÍöÈöí» " (5) æóÍóÏöíËö ÏóÝúÚöåö Úóäúåõ ÚõÞúÈóÉó Èúäó ÃóÈöí ãõÚóíúØò áóãøóÇ æóÖóÚó ÇáÑøöÏóÇÁó Ýöí ÚõäõÞöåö ÍóÊøóì ÎóáøóÕóåõ ÃóÈõæ ÈóßúÑòº æóÞóÇáó: ÃóÊóÞúÊõáõæäó ÑóÌõáðÇ Ãóäú íóÞõæáó ÑóÈøöíó Çááøóåõ¿ ! æóÍóÏöíËö ÇÓúÊöÎúáóÇÝöåö Ýöí ÇáÕøóáóÇÉö æóÝöí ÇáúÍóÌøö¡ æóÕóÈúÑöåö æóËóÈóÇÊöåö ÈóÚúÏó ãóæúÊö ÇáäøóÈöíøö - Õóáøóì Çááøóåõ Úóáóíúåö æóÓóáøóãó - æóÇäúÞöíóÇÏö ÇáúÃõãøóÉö [áóåõ] (6) ¡ æóÍóÏöíËö ÇáúÎöÕóÇáö ÇáøóÊöí ÇÌúÊóãóÚóÊú Ýöíåö Ýöí íóæúãò¡ æóãóÇ ÇÌúÊóãóÚóÊú Ýöí ÑóÌõáò ÅöáøóÇ æóÌóÈóÊú áóåõ ÇáúÌóäøóÉõ æóÃóãúËóÇáõ Ðóáößó.
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(1) ã: ÝóãóÇ. .
(2) ä: ãóÚúÕõæãõæäó.
(3) ä: ÇáöÇËúäóÇäö¡ æóåõæó ÊóÍúÑöíÝñ.
(4) ä¡ Ó¡ È: ÈöÇáÕøöÏøöíÞö.
(5) ÓóÈóÞó åóÐóÇ ÇáúÍóÏöíËõ ÝöíãóÇ ãóÖóì.
(6) áóåõ: ÓóÇÞöØóÉñ ãöäú (ä) ¡ (ã) .(8/419)
Ëõãøó áóåõ (1) ãóäóÇÞöÈõ íóÔúÑóßõåõ ÝöíåóÇ ÚõãóÑõ ßóÔóåóÇÏóÊöåö ÈöÇáúÅöíãóÇäö áóåõ æóáöÚõãóÑó¡ æóÍóÏöíËö Úóáöíøò ÍóíúËõ íóÞõæáõ: «ßóËöíÑðÇ ãóÇ ßõäúÊõ ÃóÓúãóÚõ ÇáäøóÈöíøó - Õóáøóì Çááøóåõ Úóáóíúåö æóÓóáøóãó - íóÞõæáõ: " ÎóÑóÌúÊõ ÃóäóÇ æóÃóÈõæ ÈóßúÑò æóÚõãóÑõ æóÏóÎóáúÊõ ÃóäóÇ æóÃóÈõæ ÈóßúÑò æóÚõãóÑõ» " (2) æóÍóÏöíËö ÇÓúÊöÞóÇÆöåö ãöäó ÇáúÞóáöíÈö¡ æóÍóÏöíËö ÇáúÈóÞóÑóÉö ÇáøóÊöí íóÞõæáõ ÝöíåóÇ ÇáäøóÈöíøõ - Õóáøóì Çááøóåõ Úóáóíúåö æóÓóáøóãó -: " «ÃõÄúãöäõ ÈöåóÇ ÃóäóÇ æóÃóÈõæ ÈóßúÑò æóÚõãóÑõ» " (3) æóÃóãúËóÇáõ Ðóáößó.
æóÃóãøóÇ ãóäóÇÞöÈõ Úóáöíøò ÇáøóÊöí Ýöí ÇáÕøöÍóÇÍö ÝóÃóÕóÍøõåóÇ Þóæúáõåõ: " «íóæúãó ÎóíúÈóÑó áóÃõÚúØöíóäøó ÇáÑøóÇíóÉó ÑóÌõáðÇ íõÍöÈøõ Çááøóåó æóÑóÓõæáóåõ æóíõÍöÈøõåõ Çááøóåõ æóÑóÓõæáõåõ» " (4) ¡ æóÞóæúáõåõ Ýöí ÛóÒúæóÉö ÊóÈõæßó: " «ÃóáóÇ ÊóÑúÖóì Ãóäú Êóßõæäó ãöäøöí ÈöãóäúÒöáóÉö åóÇÑõæäó ãöäú ãõæÓóì ÅöáøóÇ Ãóäøóåõ áóÇ äóÈöíøó ÈóÚúÏöí» " (5) æóãöäúåóÇ ÏõÎõæáõåõ Ýöí ÇáúãõÈóÇåóáóÉö (6) æóÝöí ÇáúßöÓóÇÁö (7) æóãöäúåóÇ Þóæúáõåõ: " «ÃóäúÊó ãöäøöí æóÃóäóÇ ãöäúßó» " (8) ¡ æóáóíúÓó Ýöí ÔóíúÁò ãöäú Ðóáößó ÎóÕóÇÆöÕõ. æóÍóÏöíËõ: " «áóÇ íõÍöÈøõäöí ÅöáøóÇ ãõÄúãöäñ æóáóÇ íõÈúÛöÖõäöí ÅöáøóÇ ãõäóÇÝöÞñ» " (9) ¡ æóãöäúåóÇ ãóÇ ÊóÞóÏøóãó ãöäú ÍóÏöíËö ÇáÔøõæÑóì æóÅöÎúÈóÇÑö ÚõãóÑó Ãóäøó ÇáäøóÈöíøó - Õóáøóì Çááøóåõ Úóáóíúåö æóÓóáøóãó - ÊõæõÝøöíó æóåõæó ÑóÇÖò Úóäú ÚõËúãóÇäó æóÚóáöíøò æóØöáúÍóÉó æóÇáÒøõÈóíúÑö æóÓóÚúÏò æóÚóÈúÏö ÇáÑøóÍúãóäö (10) .
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(1) ã: æóáóåõ.
(2) ÓóÈóÞó åóÐóÇ ÇáúÍóÏöíËõ ÝöíãóÇ ãóÖóì
(3) ÓóÈóÞó åóÐóÇ ÇáúÍóÏöíËõ ÝöíãóÇ ãóÖóì
(4) ÓóÈóÞó åóÐóÇ ÇáúÍóÏöíËõ ÝöíãóÇ ãóÖóì 4/289
(5) ÓóÈóÞó åóÐóÇ ÇáúÍóÏöíËõ ÝöíãóÇ ãóÖóì 4/442
(6) ÓóÈóÞó åóÐóÇ ÇáúÍóÏöíËõ ÝöíãóÇ ãóÖóì.
(7) ÊóÞóÏøóãó åóÐóÇ ÇáúÍóÏöíËõ
(8) ãóÖóì åóÐóÇ ÇáúÍóÏöíËõ 4/34
(9) ãóÖóì åóÐóÇ ÇáúÍóÏöíËõ 4/296 (Ì) .
(10)) ÓóÈóÞó ÇáúÍóÏöíËõ 5/59 - 60 - 6) .(8/420)
ÝóãóÌúãõæÚõ ãóÇ Ýöí ÇáÕøóÍöíÍö áöÚóáöíøò äóÍúæõ ÚóÔóÑóÉö ÃóÍóÇÏöíËó¡ áóíúÓó ÝöíåóÇ ãóÇ íóÎúÊóÕøõ Èöåö æóáöÃóÈöí ÈóßúÑò Ýöí ÇáÕøöÍóÇÍö (1) äóÍúæó ÚöÔúÑöíäó ÍóÏöíËðÇ ÃóßúËóÑõåóÇ ÎóÕóÇÆöÕõ.
æóÞóæúáõ ãóäú ÞóÇáó: ÕóÍøó áöÚóáöíøò ãöäó ÇáúÝóÖóÇÆöáö ãóÇ áóãú íóÕöÍøó áöÛóíúÑöåöº ßóÐöÈñ áóÇ íóÞõæáõåõ ÃóÍúãóÏõ æóáóÇ ÛóíúÑõåõ (2) ãöäú ÃóÆöãøóÉö ÇáúÍóÏöíËöº áóßöäú ÞóÏú íõÞóÇáõ: Ñõæöíó áóåõ ãóÇ áóãú íõÑúæó áöÛóíúÑöåö¡ áóßöäøó ÃóßúËóÑó Ðóáößó ãöäú äóÞúáö ãóäú Úõáöãó ßóÐöÈõåõ Ãóæú ÎóØóÄõåõº æóÏóáöíáñ æóÇÍöÏñ ÕóÍöíÍõ ÇáúãõÞóÏøöãóÇÊö Óóáöíãñ Úóäö ÇáúãõÚóÇÑóÖóÉö ÎóíúÑñ ãöäú ÚöÔúÑöíäó ÏóáöíáðÇ ãõÞóÏøöãóÇÊõåóÇ ÖóÚöíÝóÉñ¡ Èóáú ÈóÇØöáóÉñ¡ æóåöíó ãõÚóÇÑóÖóÉñ ÈöÃóÕóÍøó ãöäúåóÇ íóÏõáøõ Úóáóì äóÞöíÖöåóÇ.
æóÇáúãóÞúÕõæÏõ åõäóÇ ÈóíóÇäõ ÇÎúÊöÕóÇÕöåö Ýöí ÇáÕøõÍúÈóÉö ÇáúÅöíãóÇäöíøóÉö ÈöãóÇ áóãú íóÔúÑóßúåõ ãóÎúáõæÞñ¡ áóÇ Ýöí ÞóÏúÑöåóÇ æóáóÇ Ýöí ÕöÝóÊöåóÇ æóáóÇ Ýöí äóÝúÚöåóÇ (3) ¡ ÝóÅöäøóåõ áóæú ÃõÍúÕöíó ÇáÒøóãóÇäõ ÇáøóÐöí ßóÇäó íóÌúÊóãöÚõ Ýöíåö ÃóÈõæ ÈóßúÑò ÈöÇáäøóÈöíøö - Õóáøóì Çááøóåõ Úóáóíúåö æóÓóáøóãó -¡ æóÇáÒøóãóÇäõ ÇáøóÐöí ßóÇäó íóÌúÊóãöÚõ Ýöíåö ÚõËúãóÇäõ Ãóæú Úóáöíøñ (4) Ãóæú ÛóíúÑõåõãóÇ ãöäó ÇáÕøóÍóÇÈóÉö áóæóÌóÏó ãóÇ íóÎúÊóÕøõ Èöåö ÃóÈõæ ÈóßúÑò ÃóÖúÚóÇÝó ãóÇ ÇÎúÊóÕøó Èöåö æóÇÍöÏñ ãöäúåõãú áóÇ ÃóÞõæáõ ÖöÚúÝóåõ (5) .
æóÃóãøóÇ ÇáúãõÔúÊóÑóßõ Èóíúäóåõãú ÝóáóÇ íóÎúÊóÕøõ Èöåö æóÇÍöÏñ.
æóÃóãøóÇ ßóãóÇáõ ãóÚúÑöÝóÊöåö æóãóÍóÈøóÊöåö áöáäøóÈöíøö - Õóáøóì Çááøóåõ Úóáóíúåö æóÓóáøóãó - æóÊóÕúÏöíÞöåö áóåõ Ýóåõæó
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(1) ã Ýöí ÇáÕøóÍöíÍö.
(2) Ó¡ È: æóÛóíúÑõåõ
(3) Ó: ÈóÚúÖöåóÇ¡ È: äóæúÚöåóÇ.
(4) ã: ÇáøóÐöí ßóÇäó íóÌúÊóãöÚõ Ýöíåö ÚõãóÑõ Ãóæú Úóáöíøñ
(5) ä¡ Ó¡ È: ÖóÚöíÝóÉð¡ æóåõæó ÊóÍúÑöíÝñ.(8/421)
ãõÈóÑøóÒñ Ýöí Ðóáößó Úóáóì ÓóÇÆöÑöåöãú ÊóÈúÑöíÒðÇ ÈóÇíóäóåõãú Ýöíåö ãõÈóÇíöäóÉð áóÇ ÊóÎúÝóì Úóáóì ãóäú ßóÇäó áóåõ ãóÚúÑöÝóÉñ ÈöÃóÍúæóÇáö ÇáúÞóæúãö æóãóäú áóÇ ãóÚúÑöÝóÉó áóåõ ÈöÐóáößó áóãú ÊõÞúÈóáú ÔóåóÇÏóÊõåõ.
æóÃóãøóÇ äóÝúÚõåõ áöáäøóÈöíøö - Õóáøóì Çááøóåõ Úóáóíúåö æóÓóáøóãó - æóãõÚóÇæóäóÊõåõ áóåõ Úóáóì ÇáÏøöíäö ÝóßóÐóáößó.
ÝóåóÐöåö ÇáúÃõãõæÑõ ÇáøóÊöí åöíó ãóÞóÇÕöÏõ ÇáÕøõÍúÈóÉö æóãóÍóÇãöÏõåóÇ ÇáøóÊöí ÈöåóÇ íóÓúÊóÍöÞøõ ÇáÕøóÍóÇÈóÉõ (1) Ãóäú íõÝóÖøóáõæÇ ÈöåóÇ Úóáóì ÛóíúÑöåöãú áöÃóÈöí ÈóßúÑò ÝöíåóÇ ãöäú ÇáöÇÎúÊöÕóÇÕö ÈöÞóÏúÑöåóÇ æóäóæúÚöåóÇ æóÕöÝóÊöåóÇ æóÝóÇÆöÏóÊöåóÇ ãóÇ áóÇ íóÔúÑóßõåõ Ýöíåö ÃóÍóÏñ.
æóíóÏõáøõ Úóáóì Ðóáößó ãóÇ ÑóæóÇåõ ÇáúÈõÎóÇÑöíøõ «Úóäú ÃóÈöí ÇáÏøóÑúÏóÇÁö ÞóÇáó ßõäúÊõ ÌóÇáöÓðÇ ÚöäúÏó ÇáäøóÈöíøö - Õóáøóì Çááøóåõ Úóáóíúåö æóÓóáøóãó - ÅöÐóÇ ÃóÞúÈóáó ÃóÈõæ ÈóßúÑò ÂÎöÐðÇ ÈöØõÑõÞö ËóæúÈöåö ÍóÊøóì ÃõÈúÏöíó Úóäú ÑõßúÈóÊóíúåö¡ ÝóÞóÇáó ÇáäøóÈöíøõ - Õóáøóì Çááøóåõ Úóáóíúåö æóÓóáøóãó -: " ÃóãøóÇ ÕóÇÍöÈõßõãú ÝóÞóÏú ÛóÇãóÑó ÝóÓóáöãó "¡ æóÞóÇáó: Åöäøöí ßóÇäó Èóíúäöí æóÈóíúäó ÇÈúäö ÇáúÎóØøóÇÈö ÔóíúÁñ ÝóÃóÓúÑóÚúÊõ Åöáóíúåö¡ Ëõãøó äóÏöãúÊõ ÝóÓóÃóáúÊõåõ Ãóäú íóÛúÝöÑó áöí ÝóÃóÈóì Úóáóíøó ÝóÃóÞúÈóáúÊõ Åöáóíúßó (2) ¡ ÝóÞóÇáó: " íóÛúÝöÑõ Çááøóåõ áóßó íóÇ ÃóÈóÇ ÈóßúÑò " ËóáóÇËðÇ¡ Ëõãøó Åöäøó ÚõãóÑó äóÏöãó ÝóÃóÊóì ãóäúÒöáó ÃóÈöí ÈóßúÑò ÝóÓóÃóáó ÃóËóãøó ÃóÈõæ ÈóßúÑò¿ ÞóÇáõæÇ: áóÇ¡ ÝóÃóÊóì ÇáäøóÈöíøó - Õóáøóì Çááøóåõ Úóáóíúåö æóÓóáøóãó - ÝóÌóÚóáó æóÌúåõ ÇáäøóÈöíøö - Õóáøóì Çááøóåõ Úóáóíúåö æóÓóáøóãó - íóÊóãóÚøóÑõ ÍóÊøóì ÃóÔúÝóÞó ÃóÈõæ ÈóßúÑò ÝóÌóËóÇ Úóáóì ÑõßúÈóÊóíúåö æóÞóÇáó: íóÇ ÑóÓõæáó Çááøóåö æóÇááøóåö ÃóäóÇ ßõäúÊõ ÃóÙúáóãó. ãóÑøóÊóíúäöº ÝóÞóÇáó ÑóÓõæáõ Çááøóåö - Õóáøóì Çááøóåõ Úóáóíúåö æóÓóáøóãó -: " Åöäøó Çááøóåó ÈóÚóËóäöí Åöáóíúßõãú ÝóÞõáúÊõãú: ßóÐóÈúÊó¡ æóÞóÇáó ÃóÈõæ ÈóßúÑò: ÕóÏóÞó. æóæóÇÓóÇäöí ÈöäóÝúÓöåö æóãóÇáöåö¡ Ýóåóáú ÃóäúÊõãú ÊóÇÑößõæ áöí ÕóÇÍöÈöí ". ãóÑøóÊóíúäö. ÝóãóÇ ÃõæÐöíó ÈóÚúÏóåóÇ» (3) .
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(1) ã: ÇáøóÊöí ÈöåóÇ íóÓúÊóÍöÞøõ ÇáÕøõÍúÈóÉó¡ È: æóíóÓúÊóÍöÞøõ ÇáÕøóÍóÇÈóÉõ¡ ä¡ Ó: ÊóÓúÊóÍöÞøõ ÇáÕøöíóÇäóÉó æóáóÚóáøó ÇáÕøóæóÇÈó ãóÇ ÂÊöíåö.
(2) ä¡ ã¡ Ó: ÝóÃóÞúÈóáúÊõ Åöáóíúåö.
(3) ÓöíÞó åóÐóÇ ÇáúÍóÏöíËõ ÝöíãóÇ ãóÖóì 7/228 - 229(8/422)
æóÝöí ÑöæóÇíóÉò: «ßóÇäóÊú Èóíúäó ÃóÈöí ÈóßúÑò æóÚõãóÑó ãõÍóÇæóÑóÉñ ÝóÃóÛúÖóÈó ÃóÈõæ ÈóßúÑò ÚõãóÑó (1) ÝóÇäúÕóÑóÝó Úóäúåõ ãõÛúÖóÈðÇ ÝóÃóÊúÈóÚóåõ ÃóÈõæ ÈóßúÑò íóÓúÃóáõåõ Ãóäú íóÛúÝöÑó áóåõº Ýóáóãú íóÝúÚóáú ÍóÊøóì ÃóÛúáóÞó ÈóÇÈóåõ Ýöí æóÌúåöåöº ÝóÃóÞúÈóáó ÃóÈõæ ÈóßúÑò Åöáóì ÇáäøóÈöíøö - Õóáøóì Çááøóåõ Úóáóíúåö æóÓóáøóãó» -. . ÇáúÍóÏöíËó. ÞóÇáó: æóÛóÖöÈó ÇáäøóÈöíøõ - Õóáøóì Çááøóåõ Úóáóíúåö æóÓóáøóãó - æóÝöíåö: " «Åöäøöí ÞõáúÊõ íóÇ ÃóíøõåóÇ ÇáäøóÇÓõ: Åöäøöí ÑóÓõæáõ Çááøóåö Åöáóíúßõãú ÌóãöíÚðÇ ÝóÞõáúÊõãú: ßóÐóÈúÊó¡ æóÞóÇáó ÃóÈõæ ÈóßúÑò: ÕóÏóÞúÊó» " (2) .
ÝóåóÐóÇ ÇáúÍóÏöíËõ ÇáÕøóÍöíÍõ Ýöíåö ÊóÎúÕöíÕõåõ ÈöÇáÕøõÍúÈóÉö Ýöí Þóæúáöåö: " «Ýóåóáú ÃóäúÊõãú ÊóÇÑößõæ áöí ÕóÇÍöÈöí¿» " æóÈóíøóäó Ýöíåö ãöäú ÃóÓúÈóÇÈö Ðóáößó: Ãóäøó Çááøóåó áóãøóÇ ÈóÚóËóåõ Åöáóì ÇáäøóÇÓö ÞóÇáó: " Åöäøöí ÑóÓõæáõ Çááøóåö Åöáóíúßõãú ÌóãöíÚðÇ "¡ ÞóÇáõæÇ: ßóÐóÈúÊó¡ æóÞóÇáó ÃóÈõæ ÈóßúÑò: ÕóÏóÞúÊóº ÝóåóÐóÇ íõÈóíøöäõ Ýöíåö Ãóäøóåõ áóãú íõßóÐøöÈúåõ ÞóØøõ¡ æóÃóäøóåõ ÕóÏøóÞóåõ (3) Íöíäó ßóÐøóÈóåõ ÇáäøóÇÓõ ØõÑøðÇ.
æóåóÐóÇ ÙóÇåöÑñ Ýöí Ãóäøóåõ ÕóÏøóÞóåõ ÞóÈúáó Ãóäú íõÕóÏøöÞóåõ ÃóÍóÏñ ãöäó ÇáäøóÇÓö ÇáøóÐöíäó ÈóáóÛóåõãõ ÇáÑøöÓóÇáóÉõ æóåóÐóÇ (4) ÍóÞøñ ÝóÅöäøóåõ Ãóæøóáõ ãóÇ ÈõáøöÛó ÇáÑøöÓóÇáóÉó ÝóÂãóäó (5) .
æóåóÐóÇ ãõæóÇÝöÞñ áöãóÇ ÑóæóÇåõ ãõÓúáöãñ «Úóäú ÚóãúÑöæ Èúäö ÚóÈóÓóÉó¡ ÞõáúÊõ: íóÇ ÑóÓõæáó Çááøóåö ãóäú ãóÚóßó Úóáóì åóÐóÇ ÇáúÃóãúÑö¿ ÞóÇáó: " ÍõÑøñ æóÚóÈúÏñ " æóãóÚóåõ íóæúãóÆöÐñ ÃóÈõæ ÈóßúÑò æóÈöáóÇáñ» (6) .
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(1) Ó: ÝóÃóÛúÖóÈó ÃóÈóÇ ÈóßúÑò¡ È: ÝóÃóÛúÖóÈóåõ ÃóÈõæ ÈóßúÑò.
(2) åóÐöåö ÇáÑøöæóÇíóÉõ Ýöí ÇáúÈõÎóÇÑöíøö 6/59 - 60 æóÓóÈóÞó ÇáúÅöÔóÇÑóÉõ ÅöáóíúåóÇ Ýöí ÇáúÌõÒúÁö ÇáÓøóÇÈöÞö (Õ) .
(3) ã: ÕóÏøóÞó
(4) ã: ÝóåóÐóÇ
(5) È: Âãóäó
(6) åóÐóÇ ÌõÒúÁñ ãöäú ÍóÏöíËò Øóæöíáò Úóäú ÃóÈöí ÃõãóÇãóÉó Úóäú ÚóãúÑöæ Èúäö ÚóÈóÓóÉó - ÑóÖöíó Çááøóåõ ÚóäúåõãóÇ - Ýöí: ãõÓúáöãò 1/569 (ßöÊóÇÈõ ÕóáóÇÉö ÇáúãõÓóÇÝöÑöíäó æóÞóÕúÑöåóÇ¡ ÈóÇÈõ ÅöÓúáóÇãö ÚóãúÑöæ Èúäö ÚóÈóÓóÉó) æóÃóæøóáõåõ. . . Úóäú ÃóÈöí ÃõãóÇãóÉó ÞóÇáó ÚóãúÑõæ Èúäõ ÚóÈóÓóÉó ÇáÓøõáóãöíøõ: æóßõäúÊõ æóÃóäóÇ Ýöí ÇáúÌóÇåöáöíøóÉö ÃóÙõäøõ Ãóäøó ÇáäøóÇÓó Úóáóì ÖóáóÇáóÉò. . ÇáúÍóÏöíËó æóÝöíåö: ÞõáúÊõ áóåõ: ãóÇ ÃóäúÊó¿ ÞóÇáó: " ÃóäóÇ äóÈöíøñ ". . æóÝöíåö ÞõáúÊõ áóåõ: Ýóãóäú ãóÚóßó Úóáóì åóÐóÇ¿ ÞóÇáó: " ÍõÑøñ æóÚóÈúÏñ " (ÞóÇáó: æóãóÚóåõ íóæúãóÆöÐñ ÃóÈõæ ÈóßúÑò æóÈöáóÇáñ ãöãøóäú Âãóäó ãóÚóåõ. . . æóÇáúÍóÏöíËõ ÃóíúÖðÇ Ýöí: Óõäóäö ÇáäøóÓóÇÆöíøö 1/283 - 284 (ßöÊóÇÈõ ãóæóÇÞöíÊö ÇáÕøóáóÇÉö¡ ÈóÇÈõ ÅöÈóÇÍóÉö ÇáÕøóáóÇÉö Åöáóì Ãóäú íõÕóáøöíó ÇáÕøõÈúÍó) Óõäóäö ÇÈúäö ãóÇÌóåú 1/434 (ßöÊóÇÈõ ÅöÞóÇãóÉö ÇáÕøóáóÇÉö¡ ÈóÇÈõ ãóÇ ÌóÇÁó Ýöí Ãóíøö ÓóÇÚóÇÊö Çááøóíúáö ÃóÝúÖóáõ) ¡ ÇáúãõÓúäóÏö (Ø. ÇáúÍóáóÈöíøö) 4/111 - 113¡ 113 - 114.(8/423)
æóÃóãøóÇ ÎóÏöíÌóÉõ æóÚóáöíøñ æóÒóíúÏñº ÝóåóÄõáóÇÁö ßóÇäõæÇ ãöäú ÚöíóÇáö ÇáäøóÈöíøö - Õóáøóì Çááøóåõ Úóáóíúåö æóÓóáøóãó - æóÝöí ÈóíúÊöåö æóÎóÏöíÌóÉõ ÚõÑöÖó ÚóáóíúåóÇ ÃóãúÑõåõ áóãøóÇ ÝóÌóÃóåõ ÇáúæóÍúíõ¡ æóÕóÏøóÞóÊúåõ ÇÈúÊöÏóÇÁð ÞóÈúáó Ãóäú íõÄúãóÑó ÈöÇáÊøóÈúáöíÛö æóÐóáößó ÞóÈúáó Ãóäú íóÌöÈó ÇáúÅöíãóÇäõ Èöåö ÝóÅöäøóåõ ÅöäøóãóÇ íóÌöÈõ ÅöÐóÇ ÈóáøóÛó ÇáÑøöÓóÇáóÉó ÝóÃóæøóáõ ãóäú ÕóÏøóÞó Èöåö ÈóÚúÏó æõÌõæÈö ÇáúÅöíãóÇäö Èöåö ÃóÈõæ ÈóßúÑò ãöäó ÇáÑøöÌóÇáö¡ ÝóÅöäøóåõ áóãú íóÌöÈú Úóáóíúåö Ãóäú íóÏúÚõæó ÚóáöíøðÇ Åöáóì ÇáúÅöíãóÇäöº áöÃóäøó ÚóáöíøðÇ ßóÇäó ÕóÈöíøðÇ¡ æóÇáúÞóáóãõ Úóäúåõ ãóÑúÝõæÚñ.
æóáóãú íõäúÞóáú Ãóäøó ÇáäøóÈöíøó - Õóáøóì Çááøóåõ Úóáóíúåö æóÓóáøóãó - ÃóãóÑóåõ ÈöÇáúÅöíãóÇäö æóÈóáøóÛóåõ ÇáÑøöÓóÇáóÉó ÞóÈúáó Ãóäú íóÃúãõÑó ÃóÈóÇ ÈóßúÑò æóíõÈóáøöÛóåõ æóáóßöäøóåõ ßóÇäó Ýöí ÈóíúÊö ÇáäøóÈöíøö - Õóáøóì Çááøóåõ Úóáóíúåö æóÓóáøóãó - Ýóíõãúßöäõ Ãóäøóåõ Âãóäó Èöåö áóãøóÇ ÓóãöÚóåõ íõÎúÈöÑõ ÎóÏöíÌóÉó æóÅöäú ßóÇäó áóãú íõÈóáøöÛúåõº ÝóÅöäøó ÙóÇåöÑó Þóæúáöåö: " «íóÇ ÃóíøõåóÇ ÇáäøóÇÓõ Åöäøöí ÃóÊóíúÊõ Åöáóíúßõãú ÝóÞõáúÊõ: Åöäøöí ÑóÓõæáõ Çááøóåö Åöáóíúßõãú¡ ÝóÞõáúÊõãú: ßóÐóÈúÊó¡ æóÞóÇáó ÃóÈõæ ÈóßúÑò: ÕóÏóÞúÊó» " ßóãóÇ Ýöí ÇáÕøóÍöíÍóíúäö (1) íóÏõáøõ Úóáóì Ãóäøó ßõáøó ãóäú ÈóáøóÛóåõ ÇáÑøöÓóÇáóÉó ßóÐøóÈóåõ ÃóæøóáðÇ ÅöáøóÇ ÃóÈóÇ ÈóßúÑò.
æóãóÚúáõæãñ Ãóäøó ÎóÏöíÌóÉó æóÚóáöíøðÇ æóÒóíúÏðÇ ßóÇäõæÇ Ýöí ÏóÇÑöåö¡ æóÎóÏöíÌóÉõ áóãú ÊõßóÐøöÈúåõ Ýóáóãú Êóßõäú ÏóÇÎöáóÉð Ýöíãóäú ÈõáøöÛó.
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(1) ÓóÈóÞó åóÐóÇ ÇáúÍóÏöíËõ ÝöíãóÇ ãóÖóì(8/424)
æóÞóæúáõåõ Ýöí ÍóÏöíËö «ÚóãúÑöæ Èúäö ÚóÈóÓóÉó: ÞõáúÊõ: íóÇ ÑóÓõæáó Çááøóåö ãóäú ãóÚóßó Úóáóì åóÐóÇ ÇáúÃóãúÑö¿ ÞóÇáó: " ÍõÑøñ æóÚóÈúÏñ» " (1) .
æóÇáøóÐöí Ýöí ÕóÍöíÍö ãõÓúáöãò ãõæóÇÝöÞñ áöåóÐóÇ¡ Ãóíú: ÇÊøóÈóÚóåõ ãöäó ÇáúãõÈóáøóÛöíäó ÇáúãóÏúÚõæøöíäó¡ Ëõãøó ÐóßóÑó Þóæúáóåõ: " æóæóÇÓóÇäöí ÈöäóÝúÓöåö æóãóÇáöåö " (2) ¡ æóåóÐöåö ÎóÇÕøóÉñ áóãú íóÔúÑóßúåõ ÝöíåóÇ ÃóÍóÏñ.
æóÞóÏú ÐóßóÑó åóÐóÇ [ÇáäøóÈöíøõ]- Õóáøóì Çááøóåõ Úóáóíúåö æóÓóáøóãó - Ýöí ÃóÍóÇÏöíËö ÇáúãõÎóÇáøóÉö ÇáøóÊöí åöíó ãõÊóæóÇÊöÑóÉñ Úóäúåõ¡ ßóãóÇ Ýöí ÇáÕøóÍöíÍóíúäö Úóäú ÃóÈöí ÓóÚöíÏò ÇáúÎõÏúÑöíøö «Ãóäøó ÇáäøóÈöíøó - Õóáøóì Çááøóåõ Úóáóíúåö æóÓóáøóãó - ÌóáóÓó Úóáóì ÇáúãöäúÈóÑöº ÝóÞóÇáó: " Åöäøó ÚóÈúÏðÇ ÎóíøóÑóåõ Çááøóåõ Èóíúäó Ãóäú íõÄúÊöíóåõ ãöäú ÒóåúÑóÉö ÇáúÍóíóÇÉö ÇáÏøõäúíóÇ æóÈóíúäó ãóÇ ÚöäúÏóåõ ÝóÇÎúÊóÇÑó ãóÇ ÚöäúÏóåõ ÝóÈóßóì ÃóÈõæ ÈóßúÑò¡ æóÞóÇáó: ÝóÏóíúäóÇßó ÈöÂÈóÇÆöäóÇ æóÃõãøóåóÇÊöäóÇ¡ ÞóÇáó: ÝóßóÇäó ÑóÓõæáõ Çááøóåö - Õóáøóì Çááøóåõ Úóáóíúåö æóÓóáøóãó - åõæó ÇáúãõÎóíøóÑó¡ æóßóÇäó ÃóÈõæ ÈóßúÑò ÃóÚúáóãóäóÇ Èöåö¡ ÝóÞóÇáó ÑóÓõæáõ Çááøóåö - Õóáøóì Çááøóåõ Úóáóíúåö æóÓóáøóãó -: " Åöäøó ãöäú (3) Âãóäö ÇáäøóÇÓö Úóáóíøó Ýöí ÕõÍúÈóÊöåö æóãóÇáöåö ÃóÈõæ ÈóßúÑò (4) ¡ æóáóæú ßõäúÊõ ãõÊøóÎöÐðÇ ÎóáöíáðÇ áóÇÊøóÎóÐúÊõ ÃóÈóÇ ÈóßúÑò ÎóáöíáðǺ æóáóßöäú ÃõÎõæøóÉõ ÇáúÅöÓúáóÇãö. áóÇ íóÈúÞóíóäøó Ýöí ÇáúãóÓúÌöÏö ÎóæúÎóÉñ ÅöáøóÇ ÎóæúÎóÉó ÃóÈöí ÈóßúÑò» " æóÝöí ÑöæóÇíóÉò áöáúÈõÎóÇÑöíøö (5) : " «áóæú ßõäúÊõ ãõÊøóÎöÐðÇ ÎóáöíáðÇ ÛóíúÑó ÑóÈøöí (6) áóÇÊøóÎóÐúÊõ (7) ÃóÈóÇ ÈóßúÑò ÎóáöíáðÇ¡ æóáóßöäú ÃõÎõæøóÉõ ÇáúÅöÓúáóÇãö
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(1) ÓóÈóÞó åóÐóÇ ÇáúÍóÏöíËõ ÞóÈúáó Þóáöíáò
(2) Ýöí ÇáúÍóÏöíËö ÞóÈúáó ÇáÓøóÇÈöÞö ÇáøóÐöí ãóÖóì
(3) ÇáäøóÈöíøõ: ÓóÇÞöØóÉñ ãöäú (ä) ¡ (ã)
(4) ÒöíóÇÏóÉñ Ýöí (ä) ÝóÞóØú
(5) (4 - 4) : ÒöíóÇÏóÉñ Ýöí (ä) ÝóÞóØú
(6) ãöäú: ÓóÇÞöØóÉñ ãöäú (ã) ¡ (È)
(7) ã: áóæú ßõäúÊõ ãõÊøóÎöÐðÇ ãöäú ÃõãøóÊöí ÎóáöíáðÇ áóÇÊøóÎóÐúÊõ. . .(8/425)
æóãóæóÏøóÊõåõ» . * æóÝöí ÑöæóÇíóÉò " ÅöáøóÇ ÎõáøóÉó ÇáúÅöÓúáóÇãö ". æóÝöíåö: " ÞóÇáó: ÝóÚóÌöÈúäóÇ áóåõ¡ æóÞóÇáó ÇáäøóÇÓõ: ÇäúÙõÑõæÇ Åöáóì åóÐóÇ ÇáÔøóíúÎö¡ íõÎúÈöÑõ ÑóÓõæáõ Çááøóåö - Õóáøóì Çááøóåõ Úóáóíúåö æóÓóáøóãó - Úóäú ÚóÈúÏò ÎóíøóÑóåõ Çááøóåõ Èóíúäó Ãóäú íõÄúÊöíóåõ Çááøóåõ ãöäú ÒóåúÑóÉö ÇáúÍóíóÇÉö (1) ÇáÏøõäúíóÇ æóÈóíúäó ãóÇ ÚöäúÏóåõ¡ æóåõæó íóÞõæáõ: ÝóÏóíúäóÇßó ÈöÂÈóÇÆöäóÇ æóÃõãøóåóÇÊöäóÇ. æóÝöí ÑöæóÇíóÉò: " æóÈóíøóäó ãóÇ ÚöäúÏóåõ ÝóÇÎúÊóÇÑó ãóÇ ÚöäúÏóåõ "¡ æóÝöíåö ÝóÞóÇáó: " «áóÇ ÊóÈúßö Åöäøó Âãóäó ÇáäøóÇÓö Úóáóíøó Ýöí ÕõÍúÈóÊöåö æóãóÇáöåö ÃóÈõæ ÈóßúÑò¡ æóáóæú ßõäúÊõ ãõÊøóÎöÐðÇ ãöäú ÃõãøóÊöí ÎóáöíáðÇ áóÇÊøóÎóÐúÊõ ÃóÈóÇ ÈóßúÑò æóáóßöäú ÃõÎõæøóÉõ ÇáúÅöÓúáóÇãö æóãóæóÏøóÊõåõ * (2) áóÇ íóÈúÞóíóäøó Ýöí ÇáúãóÓúÌöÏö ÈóÇÈñ ÅöáøóÇ ÓõÏøó ÅöáøóÇ ÈóÇÈó ÃóÈöí ÈóßúÑò» " (3) .
æóÑóæóì ÇáúÈõÎóÇÑöíøõ ãöäú ÍóÏöíËö ÇÈúäö ÚóÈøóÇÓò ÞóÇáó: ÎóÑóÌó ÇáäøóÈöíøõ - Õóáøóì Çááøóåõ Úóáóíúåö æóÓóáøóãó - Ýöí ãóÑóÖöåö ÇáøóÐöí ãóÇÊó Ýöíåö ÚóÇÕöÈðÇ ÑóÃúÓóåõ ÈöÎöÑúÞóÉò¡ ÝóÞóÚóÏó Úóáóì ÇáúãöäúÈóÑö¡ ÝóÍóãöÏó Çááøóåó æóÃóËúäóì Úóáóíúåö æóÞóÇáó: " «Åöäøóåõ áóíúÓó ÃóÍóÏñ ãöäó ÇáäøóÇÓö Âãóäó Úóáóíøó Ýöí äóÝúÓöåö æóãóÇáöåö ãöäú ÃóÈöí ÈóßúÑö Èúäö ÃóÈöí ÞõÍóÇÝóÉó¡ æóáóæú ßõäúÊõ ãõÊøóÎöÐðÇ ãöäó ÇáäøóÇÓö ÎóáöíáðÇ áóÇÊøóÎóÐúÊõ ÃóÈóÇ ÈóßúÑò ÎóáöíáðÇ¡ æóáóßöäú ÎõáøóÉõ ÇáúÅöÓúáóÇãö ÃóÝúÖóáõ¡ ÓõÏøõæÇ Úóäøöí ßõáøó ÎóæúÎóÉò Ýöí åóÐóÇ ÇáúãóÓúÌöÏö ÛóíúÑó ÎóæúÎóÉö ÃóÈöí ÈóßúÑò» ".
æóÝöí ÑöæóÇíóÉò: " «áóæú ßõäúÊõ ãõÊøóÎöÐðÇ ãöäú åóÐöåö ÇáúÃõãøóÉö ÎóáöíáðÇ áóÇÊøóÎóÐúÊõåõ¡ æóáóßöäú ÃõÎõæøóÉõ ÇáúÅöÓúáóÇãö ÃóÝúÖóáõ» ".
æóÝöí ÑöæóÇíóÉò: " æóáóßöäú ÃóÎöí æóÕóÇÍöÈöí ".
æóÑóæóÇåõ ÇáúÈõÎóÇÑöíøõ Úóäö ÇÈúäö ÇáÒøõÈóíúÑö ÞóÇáó: ÞóÇáó ÑóÓõæáõ Çááøóåö - Õóáøóì Çááøóåõ Úóáóíúåö
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(1) ÇáúÍóíóÇÉö: ÓóÇÞöØóÉñ ãöäú (ä) .
(2) ãóÇ Èóíúäó ÇáäøóÌúãóÊóíúäö ÓóÇÞöØñ ãöäú (ã)
(3) ÓóÈóÞó ÇáúßóáóÇãõ Úóáóì åóÐóÇ ÇáúÍóÏöíËö ÝöíãóÇ ãóÖóì 1/512 - 513 æóÇäúÙõÑú ÃóíúÖðÇ.(8/426)
æóÓóáøóãó -: " «áóæú ßõäúÊõ ãõÊøóÎöÐðÇ ãöäú åóÐöåö ÇáúÃõãøóÉö ÎóáöíáðÇ * áóÇÊøóÎóÐúÊõåõ íóÚúäöí ÃóÈóÇ ÈóßúÑò» .
æóÑóæóÇåõ ãõÓúáöãñ Úóäö ÇÈúäö ãóÓúÚõæÏò Úóäö ÇáäøóÈöíøö - Õóáøóì Çááøóåõ Úóáóíúåö æóÓóáøóãó - Ãóäøóåõ ÞóÇáó: " «áóæú ßõäúÊõ ãõÊøóÎöÐðÇ ÎóáöíáðÇ * (1) áóÇÊøóÎóÐúÊõ ÃóÈóÇ ÈóßúÑò ÎóáöíáðǺ æóáóßöäú ÃóÎöí æóÕóÇÍöÈöí¡ æóÞóÏö ÇÊøóÎóÐó Çááøóåõ ÕóÇÍöÈóßõãú ÎóáöíáðÇ» ".
æóÝöí ÑöæóÇíóÉò: " «áóæú ßõäúÊõ ãõÊøóÎöÐðÇ ãöäú Ãóåúáö ÇáúÃóÑúÖö ÎóáöíáðÇ áóÇÊøóÎóÐúÊõ ÇÈúäó ÃóÈöí ÞõÍóÇÝóÉóº æóáóßöäøó ÕóÇÍöÈóßõãú Îóáöíáõ Çááøóåö» ".
æóÝöí ÃõÎúÑóì: " «ÃóáóÇ Åöäøöí ÃóÈúÑóÃõ Åöáóì ßõáøö Îöáøò ãöäú Îóáøöåö (2) ¡ æóáóæú ßõäúÊõ ãõÊøóÎöÐðÇ ÎóáöíáðÇ áóÇÊøóÎóÐúÊõ ÃóÈóÇ ÈóßúÑò ÎóáöíáðÇ Åöäøó ÕóÇÍöÈóßõãú Îóáöíáõ Çááøóåö» " (3) .
ÝóåóÐöåö ÇáäøõÕõæÕõ ßõáøõåóÇ ãöãøóÇ ÊõÈóíøöäõ ÇÎúÊöÕóÇÕó ÃóÈöí ÈóßúÑò ãöäú ÝóÖóÇÆöáö ÇáÕøõÍúÈóÉö æóãóäóÇÞöÈöåóÇ æóÇáúÞöíóÇãö [ÈöåóÇ] æóÈöÍõÞõæÞöåóÇ (4) ÈöãóÇ áóãú íóÔúÑóßúåõ Ýöíåö ÃóÍóÏñ ÍóÊøóì ÇÓúÊóæúÌóÈó Ãóäú íóßõæäó Îóáöíáõåõ Ïõæäó ÇáúÎóáúÞö¡ áóæú ßóÇäóÊö ÇáúãõÎóÇáøóÉõ ãõãúßöäóÉð.
æóåóÐöåö ÇáäøõÕõæÕõ ÕóÑöíÍóÉñ ÈöÃóäøóåõ ÃóÍóÈøõ ÇáúÎóáúÞö Åöáóíúåö æóÃóÝúÖóáõåõãú ÚöäúÏóåõ ßóãóÇ ÕóÑøóÍó ÈöÐóáößó Ýöí ÍóÏöíËö ÚóãúÑöæ Èúäö ÇáúÚóÇÕö «Ãóäøó ÇáäøóÈöíøó - Õóáøóì Çááøóåõ Úóáóíúåö æóÓóáøóãó - ÈóÚóËóåõ Úóáóì ÌóíúÔö ÐóÇÊö ÇáÓøóáóÇÓöáöº ÞóÇáó: " ÝóÃóÊóíúÊõåõ ÝóÞõáúÊõ: Ãóíøõ ÇáäøóÇÓö ÃóÍóÈøõ Åöáóíúßó¿ ÞóÇáó: ÚóÇÆöÔóÉõ ÞõáúÊõ (5) : Ýóãöäó ÇáÑøöÌóÇáö¿ ÞóÇáó: " ÃóÈõæåóÇ " ÞõáúÊõ: Ëõãøó ãóäú¿ ÞóÇáó ÚõãóÑõ: æóÚóÏøó ÑöÌóÇáðÇ» ". æóÝöí ÑöæóÇíóÉò áöáúÈõÎóÇÑöíøö: " ÞóÇáó: ÝóÓóßóÊøõ ãóÎóÇÝóÉó Ãóäú íóÌúÚóáóäöí ÂÎöÑóåõãú " (6) .
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(1) ãóÇ Èóíúäó ÇáäøóÌúãóÊóíúäö ÓóÇÞöØñ ãöäú (ã) .
(2) ä¡ Ó: Åöáóì ßõáøö Îóáöíáò ãöäú Îóáöíáöåö¡ ã: Åöáóì ßõáøö Îóáöíáò ãöäú ÎõáøóÊöåö.
(3) ÇäúÙõÑú ãóÇ ÓóÈóÞó 1/512¡ 2/436
(4) ä¡ Ó¡ È: æóÇáúÞöíóÇãö ÈöÍõÞõæÞöåóÇ.
(5) ä¡ ã¡ Ó: ÞóÇáó.
(6) ÓóÈóÞó åóÐóÇ ÇáúÍóÏöíËõ ÝöíãóÇ ãóÖóì 4/354.(8/427)
[ÝÕá ããÇ íÈíä ÝÖíáÉ ÃÈí ÈßÑ Ýí ÇáÛÇÑ Ãä Çááå ÊÚÇáì ÐßÑ äÕÑå áÑÓæáå Ýí åÐå ÇáÍÇá]
ÝóÕúáñ.
æóãöãøóÇ íõÈóíøöäõ ãöäó ÇáúÞõÑúÂäö ÝóÖöíáóÉó ÃóÈöí ÈóßúÑò Ýöí ÇáúÛóÇÑö Ãóäøó Çááøóåó ÊóÚóÇáóì ÐóßóÑó äóÕúÑóåõ áöÑóÓõæáöåö Ýöí åóÐöåö ÇáúÍóÇáö (1) ÇáøóÊöí íõÎúÐóáõ ÝöíåóÇ ÚóÇãøóÉõ ÇáúÎóáúÞö ÅöáøóÇ ãóäú äóÕóÑóåõ (2) Çááøóåõ: {ÅöÐú ÃóÎúÑóÌóåõ ÇáøóÐöíäó ßóÝóÑõæÇ ËóÇäöíó ÇËúäóíúäö ÅöÐú åõãóÇ Ýöí ÇáúÛóÇÑö} [ÓõæÑóÉõ ÇáÊøóæúÈóÉö: 40] Ãóíú: ÃóÎúÑóÌõæåõ Ýöí åóÐöåö ÇáúÞöáøóÉö ãöäó ÇáúÚóÏóÏö áóãú íóÕúÍóÈúåõ ÅöáøóÇ ÇáúæóÇÍöÏõº ÝóÅöäøó ÇáúæóÇÍöÏó ÃóÞóáøõ ãóÇ íõæÌóÏõ ÝóÅöÐóÇ áóãú íóÕúÍóÈúåõ ÅöáøóÇ æóÇÍöÏñ Ïóáøó Úóáóì Ãóäøóåõ Ýöí ÛóÇíóÉö ÇáúÞöáøóÉö.
Ëõãøó ÞóÇáó: {ÅöÐú íóÞõæáõ áöÕóÇÍöÈöåö áóÇ ÊóÍúÒóäú Åöäøó Çááøóåó ãóÚóäóÇ} [ÓõæÑóÉõ ÇáÊøóæúÈóÉö: 40] º æóåóÐóÇ íóÏõáøõ Úóáóì Ãóäøó ÕóÇÍöÈóåõ ßóÇäó ãõÔúÝöÞðÇ Úóáóíúåö ãõÍöÈøðÇ áóåõ äóÇÕöÑðÇ áóåõ ÍóíúËõ ÍóÒöäó¡ æóÅöäøóãóÇ íóÍúÒóäõ ÇáúÅöäúÓóÇäõ ÍóÇáó ÇáúÎóæúÝö Úóáóì ãóäú íõÍöÈøõåõ¡ æóÃóãøóÇ ÚóÏõæøõåõ ÝóáóÇ íóÍúÒóäõ ÅöÐóÇ ÇäúÚóÞóÏó ÓóÈóÈõ åóáóÇßöåö.
Ýóáóæú ßóÇäó ÃóÈõæ ÈóßúÑò ãõÈúÛöÖðÇ (3) ßóãóÇ íóÞõæáõ ÇáúãõÝúÊóÑõæäó áóãú íóÍúÒóäú æóáóãú íóäúåó Úóäö ÇáúÍõÒúäö¡ Èóáú ßóÇäó íõÖúãöÑõ ÇáúÝóÑóÍó æóÇáÓøõÑõæÑó¡ æóáóÇ ßóÇäó ÇáÑøóÓõæáõ íóÞõæáõ áóåõ: " {áóÇ ÊóÍúÒóäú Åöäøó Çááøóåó ãóÚóäóÇ} ".
ÝóÅöäú ÞóÇáó ÇáúãõÝúÊóÑöí: Åöäøóåõ ÎóÝöíó Úóáóì ÇáÑøóÓõæáö ÍóÇáõåõ áóãøóÇ ÃóÙúåóÑó áóåõ ÇáúÍõÒúäó¡ æóßóÇäó Ýöí ÇáúÈóÇØöäö ãõÈúÛöÖðÇ.
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(1) ã: ÇáúÍóÇáóÉö
(2) ã: äóÕóÑó
(3) ä¡ ã: ãõÈúÛöÖðÇ áóåõ.(8/428)
Þöíáó áóåõ ÝóÞóÏú ÞóÇáó: " {Åöäøó Çááøóåó ãóÚóäóÇ} "¡ ÝóåóÐóÇ ÅöÎúÈóÇÑñ ÈöÃóäøó Çááøóåó ãóÚóåõãóÇ [ÌóãöíÚðÇ] ÈöäóÕúÑöåö (1) ¡ æóáóÇ íóÌõæÒõ áöáÑøóÓõæáö Ãóäú íõÎúÈöÑó ÈöäóÕúÑö Çááøóåö áöÑóÓõæáöåö æóáöáúãõÄúãöäöíäó æóÃóäøó Çááøóåó (2) ãóÚóåõãú æóíóÌúÚóáõ (3) Ðóáößó Ýöí ÇáúÈóÇØöäö ãõäóÇÝöÞðÇ ÝóÅöäøóåõ ãóÚúÕõæãñ Ýöí ÎóÈóÑöåö Úóäö Çááøóåö áóÇ íóÞõæáõ Úóáóíúåö ÅöáøóÇ ÇáúÍóÞøóº æóÅöäú ÌóÇÒó Ãóäú íóÎúÝóì Úóáóíúåö ÍóÇáõ ÈóÚúÖö ÇáäøóÇÓö ÝóáóÇ íóÚúáóãõ Ãóäøóåõ ãõäóÇÝöÞñ ßóãóÇ ÞóÇáó: {æóãöãøóäú Íóæúáóßõãú ãöäó ÇáúÃóÚúÑóÇÈö ãõäóÇÝöÞõæäó æóãöäú Ãóåúáö ÇáúãóÏöíäóÉö ãóÑóÏõæÇ Úóáóì ÇáäøöÝóÇÞö áóÇ ÊóÚúáóãõåõãú äóÍúäõ äóÚúáóãõåõãú} [ÓõæÑóÉõ ÇáÊøóæúÈóÉö: 101] ÝóáóÇ íóÌõæÒõ Ãóäú íõÎúÈöÑó Úóäúåõãú ÈöãóÇ íóÏõáøõ Úóáóì ÅöíãóÇäöåöãú.
æóáöåóÐóÇ «áóãøóÇ ÌóÇÁóåõ ÇáúãõÎóáøóÝõæäó ÚóÇãó ÊóÈõæßó ÝóÌóÚóáõæÇ íóÍúáöÝõæäó æóíóÚúÊóÐöÑõæäó¡ æóßóÇäó íóÞúÈóáõ ÚóáóÇäöíóÊóåõãú¡ æóíóßöáõ ÓóÑóÇÆöÑóåõãú Åöáóì Çááøóåö¡ áóÇ íõÕóÏøöÞõ ÃóÍóÏðÇ ãöäúåõãú ÝóáóãøóÇ ÌóÇÁó ßóÚúÈñ æóÃóÎúÈóÑóåõ ÈöÍóÞöíÞóÉö ÃóãúÑöåö (4) ÞóÇáó: " ÃóãøóÇ åóÐóÇ ÝóÞóÏó ÕóÏóÞó "¡ Ãóæú ÞóÇáó: " ÕóÏóÞóßõãú» " (5) .
æóÃóíúÖðÇ ÝóÅöäøó ÓóÚúÏó Èúäó ÃóÈöí æóÞøóÇÕò áóãøóÇ (6) ÞóÇáó áöáäøóÈöíøö - Õóáøóì Çááøóåõ Úóáóíúåö æóÓóáøóãó -: " «ÃóÚúØóíúÊó ÝõáóÇäðÇ æóÝõáóÇäðÇ¡ æóÊóÑóßúÊó ÝõáóÇäðÇ æóåõæó (7) ãõÄúãöäñ " ÞóÇáó: " Ãóæú ãõÓúáöãñ " ãóÑøóÊóíúäö Ãóæú ËóáóÇËðÇ» (8) ÝóÃóäúßóÑó Úóáóíúåö ÅöÎúÈóÇÑóåõ ÈöÇáúÅöíãóÇäö¡ æóáóãú íóÚúáóãú ãöäúåõ ÅöáøóÇ ÙóÇåöÑó ÇáúÅöÓúáóÇãö.
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(1) ä: ÝóåóÐóÇ ÅöÎúÈóÇÑñ Ãóäøó Çááøóåó ãóÚóäóÇ ÈöäóÕúÑöåö¡ Ó¡ È: ÝóåóÐóÇ ÅöÎúÈóÇÑñ Ãóäøó Çááøóåó ãóÚóäóÇ.
(2) Ó¡ È: æóÇááøóåõ
(3) ã: æóíóÍúÕõáõ
(4) ä¡ ã: ÃóãóÑóåõãú
(5) ÓóÈóÞó ÇáúßóáóÇãõ Úóáóì ÍóÏöíËö ßóÚúÈö Èúäö ãóÇáößò ÝöíãóÇ ãóÖóì 2/433
(6) áóãøóÇ: ÓóÇÞöØóÉñ ãöäú (Ó) ¡ (È) .
(7) ä¡ ã: åõæó
(8) ÇáúÍóÏöíËõ Úóäú ÓóÚúÏö Èúäö ÃóÈöí æóÞøóÇÕò - ÑóÖöíó Çááøóåõ Úóäúåõ - Ýöí: Óõäóäö ÃóÈöí ÏóÇæõÏó 4 4 - 305 (ßöÊóÇÈõ ÇáÓøõäøóÉö¡ ÈóÇÈõ ÇáÏøóáöíáö Úóáóì ÒöíóÇÏóÉö ÇáúÅöíãóÇäö æóäõÞúÕóÇäöåö) ¡ Óõäóäö ÇáäøóÓóÇÆöíøö 8/103 - 104 (ßöÊóÇÈõ ÇáúÅöíãóÇäö æóÔóÑóÇÆöÚöåö¡ ÈóÇÈõ ÊóÃúæöíáö Þóæúáöåö ÚóÒøó æóÌóáøó: ÞóÇáóÊö ÇáúÃóÚúÑóÇÈõ ÂãóäøóÇ. .) æóÇäúÙõÑö ÇáúÍóÏöíËó ÈöãóÚúäóÇåõ ÝöíãóÇ ãóÖóì 1/64 - 65.(8/429)
ÝóßóíúÝó íóÔúåóÏõ áöÃóÈöí ÈóßúÑò ÈöÃóäøó Çááøóåó ãóÚóåõãóÇ æóåõæó áóÇ íóÚúáóãõ Ðóáößó¿ æóÇáúßóáóÇãõ ÈöáóÇ Úöáúãò áóÇ íóÌõæÒõ.
æóÃóíúÖðÇ ÝóÅöäøó Çááøóåó ÃóÎúÈóÑó ÈöåóÐóÇ Úóäö ÇáÑøóÓõæáö ÅöÎúÈóÇÑó ãõÞóÑøöÑò áóåõ¡ áóÇ ÅöÎúÈóÇÑó ãõäúßöÑò áóåõ ÝóÚóáöãó Ãóäøó Þóæúáóåõ: " {Åöäøó Çááøóåó ãóÚóäóÇ} " ãöäó ÇáúÎóÈóÑö ÇáÕøöÏúÞö ÇáøóÐöí ÃóãóÑó Çááøóåõ Èöåö æóÑóÖöíóåõ áóÇ ãöãøóÇ (1) ÃóäúßóÑóåõ æóÚóÇÈóåõ.
æóÃóíúÖðÇ ÝóãóÚúáõæãñ Ãóäøó ÃóÖúÚóÝó ÇáäøóÇÓö ÚóÞúáðÇ áóÇ íóÎúÝóì Úóáóíúåö ÍóÇáõ ãóäú íóÕúÍóÈõåõ Ýöí ãöËúáö åóÐóÇ ÇáÓøóÝóÑö ÇáøóÐöí íõÚóÇÏöíåö Ýöíåö ÇáúãóáóÃõ ÇáøóÐöíäó åõãú Èóíúäó ÃóÙúåõÑöåöãú (2) ¡ æóíóØúáõÈõæäó ÞóÊúáóåõ¡ æóÃóæúáöíóÇÄõåõ åõäóÇßó áóÇ íóÓúÊóØöíÚõæäó äóÕúÑóåõº ÝóßóíúÝó íóÕúÍóÈõ æóÇÍöÏðÇ ãöãøóäú íõÙúåöÑõ áóåõ ãõæóÇáóÇÊóåõ Ïõæäó ÛóíúÑöåö¡ æóÞóÏú ÃóÙúåóÑó áóåõ åóÐóÇ ÍõÒúäóåõ¡ æóåõæó ãóÚó Ðóáößó ÚóÏõæøñ áóåõ Ýöí ÇáúÈóÇØöäö. æóÇáúãóÕúÍõæÈõ íóÚúÊóÞöÏõ Ãóäøóåõ æóáöíóåõ¡ æóåóÐóÇ áóÇ íóÝúÚóáõåõ ÅöáøóÇ ÃóÍúãóÞõ ÇáäøóÇÓö æóÃóÌúåóáõåõãú.
ÝóÞóÈøóÍó Çááøóåõ ãóäú äóÓóÈó ÑóÓõæáóåõ ÇáøóÐöí åõæó Ãóßúãóáõ ÇáúÎóáúÞö ÚóÞúáðÇ æóÚöáúãðÇ æóÎöÈúÑóÉð Åöáóì ãöËúáö åóÐöåö ÇáúÌóåóÇáóÉö æóÇáúÛóÈóÇæóÉö.
æóáóÞóÏú ÈóáóÛóäöí Úóäú ãóáößö ÇáúãóÛõæáö ÎõÏóÇÈóäúÏóåú (3) ÇáøóÐöí ÕóäøóÝó áóåõ åóÐóÇ ÇáÑøóÇÝöÖöíøõ
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(1) ä¡ ã¡ Ó: ãöãøóäú¡ æóåõæó ÊóÍúÑöíÝñ
(2) ã: ÇáøóÐöí åõãú ÃóÙúåóÑõåõãú¡ æóåõæó ÎóØóÃñ
(3) ä¡ ã¡ Ó¡ È: ÎõÑóÈóäúÏóÇåú. æóÇáúãõËúÈóÊõ åõæó ÇáøóÐöí Ýöí (ß) Õ 77 (ã) æóåõæó ÃõáúÌóÇíöÊõæÎõÏóÇÈóäúÏóåú. æóÓóÈóÞó ÇáúßóáóÇãõ Úóáóíúåö Ýöí ãõÞóÏøöãóÉö åóÐóÇ ÇáúßöÊóÇÈö¡ æóÇäúÙõÑú ÃóíúÖðÇ ãóÞóÇáóÉó ßóÑóÇãóÑúÒó Ýöí: ÏóÇÆöÑóÉö ÇáúãóÚóÇÑöÝö ÇáúÅöÓúáóÇãöíøóÉö æóÞóÏú ÐõßöÑó ÝöíåóÇ: æóáõÞøöÈó Ýöí ÔóÈóÇÈöåö " ÎóÑúÈóäúÏóåú " æóåõäóÇßó ÊóÝóÇÓöíÑõ ãõÎúÊóáöÝóÉñ áöåóÐóÇ ÇááøóÞóÈö. . Úóáóì Ãóäøó ÈõáõæÔöíåó. . íóÞõæáõ Åöäøó: ÎóÑúÈóäúÏóåú ßóáöãóÉñ ãóÛõæáöíøóÉñ ãóÚúäóÇåóÇ ÇáËøóÇáöËõ. . æóÞóÏú ÚóåöÏóÊúåõ Ãõãøõåõ ÃóÑõßõ ÎóÇÊõæäó ÎõÏóÇÈóäúÏóåú. . ".(8/430)
ßöÊóÇÈóåõ åóÐóÇ Ýöí ÇáúÅöãóÇãóÉö Ãóäøó ÇáÑøóÇÝöÖóÉó áóãøóÇ ÕóÇÑóÊú ÊóÞõæáõ áóåõ ãöËúáó åóÐóÇ ÇáúßóáóÇãö Åöäøó ÃóÈóÇ ÈóßúÑò ßóÇäó íõÈúÛöÖõ ÇáäøóÈöíøó - Õóáøóì Çááøóåõ Úóáóíúåö æóÓóáøóãó -¡ æóßóÇäó ÚóÏõæøóåõ¡ æóíóÞõæáõæäó ãóÚó åóÐóÇ Åöäøóåõ ÕóÍöÈóåõ Ýöí ÓóÝóÑö ÇáúåöÌúÑóÉö ÇáøóÐöí åõæó ÃóÚúÙóãõ ÇáúÃóÓúÝóÇÑö ÎóæúÝðÇ. ÞóÇáó ßóáöãóÉð ÊóáúÒóãõ Úóäú Þóæúáöåöãõ ÇáúÎóÈöíËö¡ æóÞóÏú ÈóÑøóÃó Çááøóåõ ÑóÓõæáóåõ ãöäúåóÇ¡ áóßöäú ÐóßóÑóåóÇ Úóáóì ãóäö ÇÝúÊóÑóì ÇáúßóÐöÈó ÇáøóÐöí ÃóæúÌóÈó Ãóäú íõÞóÇáó Ýöí ÇáÑøóÓõæáö ãöËúáõåóÇ ÍóíúËõ ÞóÇáó: " ßóÇäó Þóáöíáó ÇáúÚóÞúáö ".
æóáóÇ ÑóíúÈó Ãóäøó ÝöÚúáó ãóÇ ÞóÇáóÊúåõ ÇáÑøóÇÝöÖóÉõ Ýóåõæó Þóáöíáõ ÇáúÚóÞúáõ. æóÞóÏú ÈóÑøóÃó Çááøóåõ ÑóÓõæáóåõ æóÕóÏöíÞóåõ ãöäú ßóÐöÈöåöãú æóÊóÈóíøóäó Ãóäøó Þóæúáóåõãú íóÓúÊóáúÒöãõ ÇáúÞóÏúÍó Ýöí ÇáÑøóÓõæáö.
[ÝÕá ããÇ íÈíä Ãä ÇáÕÍÈÉ ÝíåÇ ÎÕæÕ æÚãæã ßÇáæáÇíÉ æÇáãÍÈÉ]
ÝóÕúáñ.
æóãöãøóÇ íõÈóíøöäó Ãóäøó ÇáÕøõÍúÈóÉó ÝöíåóÇ ÎõÕõæÕñ æóÚõãõæãñ¡ ßóÇáúæöáóÇíóÉö æóÇáúãóÍóÈøóÉö æóÇáúÅöíãóÇäö æóÛóíúÑö Ðóáößó ãöäó ÇáÕøöÝóÇÊö ÇáøóÊöí íóÊóÝóÇÖóáõ ÝöíåóÇ ÇáäøóÇÓõ Ýöí ÞóÏúÑöåóÇ æóäóæúÚöåóÇ æóÕöÝóÊöåóÇ ãóÇ ÃóÎúÑóÌóÇåõ Ýöí ÇáÕøóÍöíÍóíúäö Úóäú ÃóÈöí ÓóÚöíÏò ÇáúÎõÏúÑöíøö ÞóÇáó: ßóÇäó Èóíúäó ÎóÇáöÏö Èúäö ÇáúæóáöíÏö æóÈóíúäó ÚóÈúÏö ÇáÑøóÍúãóäö Èúäö ÚóæúÝò ÔóíúÁñ ÝóÓóÈøóåõ ÎóÇáöÏñ ÝóÞóÇáó ÑóÓõæáõ Çááøóåö - Õóáøóì Çááøóåõ Úóáóíúåö æóÓóáøóãó -: " «áóÇ ÊóÓõÈøõæÇ ÃóÍóÏðÇ ãöäú ÃóÕúÍóÇÈöíº ÝóÅöäøó ÃóÍóÏóßõãú áóæú ÃóäúÝóÞó ãöËúáó ÃõÍõÏò ÐóåóÈðÇ ãóÇ ÃóÏúÑóßó ãõÏøó ÃóÍóÏöåöãú æóáóÇ äóÕöíÝóåõ» ". ÇäúÝóÑóÏó ãõÓúáöãñ ÈöÐößúÑö ÎóÇáöÏò æóÚóÈúÏö ÇáÑøóÍúãóäö (1) Ïõæäó ÇáúÈõÎóÇÑöíøö (2) ÝóÇáäøóÈöíøõ
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(1) ä: ÎóÇáöÏö Èúäö ÚóÈúÏö ÇáÑøóÍúãóäö¡ ã: ÎóÇáöÏò áöÚóÈúÏö ÇáÑøóÍúãóäö.
(2) ÓóÈóÞó ÇáúßóáóÇãõ Úóáóì åóÐóÇ ÇáúÍóÏöíËö ÝöíãóÇ ãóÖóì 2/20 - 21 æóåóÐöåö ÇáÑøöæóÇíóÉõ ÇáøóÊöí ÇäúÝóÑóÏó ÈöåóÇ ãõÓúáöãñ Úóäú ÃóÈöí ÓóÚöíÏò ÇáúÎõÏúÑöíøö - ÑóÖöíó Çááøóåõ Úóäúåõ - Ýöí ãõÓúáöãò 4/1967 - 1968 (ÍóÏöíËñ ÑóÞúãõ 222) .(8/431)
Õóáøóì Çááøóåõ Úóáóíúåö æóÓóáøóãó íóÞõæáõ áöÎóÇáöÏò æóäóÍúæöåö: «áóÇ ÊóÓõÈøõæÇ ÃóÕúÍóÇÈöí» íóÚúäöí ÚóÈúÏó ÇáÑøóÍúãóäö Èúäó ÚóæúÝò æóÃóãúËóÇáóåõº áöÃóäøó ÚóÈúÏó ÇáÑøóÍúãóäö æóäóÍúæóåõ åõãõ ÇáÓøóÇÈöÞõæäó ÇáúÃóæøóáõæäó¡ æóåõãõ ÇáøóÐöíäó ÃóÓúáóãõæÇ ÞóÈúáó ÇáúÝóÊúÍö æóÞóÇÊóáõæÇ¡ æóåõãú Ãóåúáõ ÈóíúÚóÉö ÇáÑøöÖúæóÇäö¡ ÝóåóÄõáóÇÁö ÃóÝúÖóáõ æóÃóÎóÕøõ ÈöÕõÍúÈóÊöåö ãöãøóäú ÃóÓúáóãó ÈóÚúÏó ÈóíúÚóÉö ÇáÑøöÖúæóÇäö¡ æóåõãõ ÇáøóÐöíäó ÃóÓúáóãõæÇ ÈóÚúÏó ÇáúÍõÏóíúÈöíóÉö¡ æóÈóÚúÏó ãõÕóÇáóÍóÉö ÇáäøóÈöíøö - Õóáøóì Çááøóåõ Úóáóíúåö æóÓóáøóãó - Ãóåúáó ãóßøóÉó æóãöäúåõãú ÎóÇáöÏñ æóÚóãúÑõæ Èúäõ ÇáúÚóÇÕö æóÚõËúãóÇäõ Èúäõ ÃóÈöí ØóáúÍóÉó æóÃóãúËóÇáõåõãú.
æóåóÄõáóÇÁö ÃóÓúÈóÞõ ãöäó ÇáøóÐöíäó ÊóÃóÎøóÑó ÅöÓúáóÇãõåõãú Åöáóì Ãóäú ÝõÊöÍóÊú ãóßøóÉõ æóÓõãøõæÇ ÇáØøõáóÞóÇÁó ãöËúáó Óõåóíúáö Èúäö ÚóãúÑòæ (1) . æóÇáúÍóÇÑöËö Èúäö åöÔóÇãò¡ æóÃóÈöí ÓõÝúíóÇäó Èúäö ÍóÑúÈò æóÇÈúäóíúåö íóÒöíÏó æóãõÚóÇæöíóÉó æóÃóÈöí ÓõÝúíóÇäó Èúäö ÇáúÍóÇÑöËö¡ æóÚößúÑöãóÉó Èúäö ÃóÈöí Ìóåúáò æóÕóÝúæóÇäó Èúäö ÃõãóíøóÉó æóÛóíúÑöåöãú ãóÚó Ãóäøóåõ ÞóÏú íóßõæäõ Ýöí åóÄõáóÇÁö ãóäú ÈóÑóÒó ÈöÚöáúãöåö Úóáóì ÈóÚúÖö ãóäú ÊóÞóÏøóãóåõ ßóËöíÑðÇ (2) ßóÇáúÍóÇÑöËö Èúäö åöÔóÇãò (3) æóÃóÈöí ÓõÝúíóÇäó Èúäö ÇáúÍóÇÑöËö æóÓõåóíúáö Èúäö ÚóãúÑòæ¡ æóÚóáóì ÈóÚúÖö ãóäú ÃóÓúáóãó ÞóÈúáóåõãú ãöãøóäú ÃóÓúáóãó ÞóÈúáó ÇáúÝóÊúÍö æóÞóÇÊóáó æóßóãóÇ ÈóÑóÒó ÚõãóÑõ Èúäõ ÇáúÎóØøóÇÈö Úóáóì ÃóßúËóÑö ÇáøóÐöíäó ÃóÓúáóãõæÇ ÞóÈúáóåõ.
æóÇáúãóÞúÕõæÏõ åõäóÇ Ãóäøóåõ äóåúíñ áöãóäú ÕóÍöÈóåõ ÂÎöÑðÇ íóÓõÈøõ ãóäú ÕóÍöÈóåõ ÃóæøóáðÇ áöÇãúÊöíóÇÒöåöãú Úóäúåõãú (4) Ýöí ÇáÕøõÍúÈóÉö ÈöãóÇ áóÇ íõãúßöäõ (5) Ãóäú íóÔúÑóßóåõãú Ýöíåö ÍóÊøóì ÞóÇáó:
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(1) ä¡ ã¡ Ó: Óóåúáö Èúäö ÚóãúÑòæ. æóãóÇ ÃõËúÈöÊõåõ ãöäú (È) . æóÊóÑúÌóãóÉõ Óõåóíúáö Èúäö ÚóãúÑöæ Èúäö ÚóÈúÏö ÔóãúÓò. . ÇáúÚóÇãöÑöíøö - ÑóÖöíó Çááøóåõ Úóäúåõ - Ýöí " ÇáúÅöÕóÇÈóÉö 2/92 - 93 æóÝöíåóÇ ãóÇ íõÈóíøöäõ Ãóäøóåõ - ÑóÖöíó Çááøóåõ Úóäúåõ - ßóÇäó ãöäú ãõÓúáöãóÉö ÇáúÝóÊúÍö. æóÐóßóÑó ÇÈúäõ ÍóÌóÑò ËóáóÇËóÉð ãöäó ÇáÕøóÍóÇÈóÉö ÇÓúãõåõãú Óóåúáõ Èúäõ ÚóãúÑòæº ãöäúåõãú Óóåúáõ Èúäõ ÚóãúÑöæ Èúäö ÚóÈúÏö ÔóãúÓò ÇáúÚóÇãöÑöíøõ ÃóÎõæ Óõåóíúáò. æóÞóÇáó Úóäúåõ: " ÐóßóÑó ÇÈúäõ ÓóÚúÏò Ãóäøóåõ ÃóÓúáóãó ÈöÇáúÝóÊúÍö "
(2) ä: ßóËöíÑñ¡ ã: ÈößóËöíÑò.
(3) ä¡ ã: Èúäö ÇáúÍóÇÑöËö Èúäö åöÔóÇãò¡ æóåõæó ÊóÍúÑöíÝñ.
(4) È: Úóäúåõ
(5) ä¡ Ó: ãöãøóÇ áóÇ íõãúßöäõ È: ÈöãóÇ áóÇ íõãúßöäõåõ.(8/432)
" «áóæú ÃóäúÝóÞó ÃóÍóÏõßõãú ãöËúáó ÃõÍõÏò ÐóåóÈðÇ ãóÇ ÈóáóÛó ãõÏøó ÃóÍóÏöåöãú æóáóÇ äóÕöíÝóåõ» ".
ÝóÅöÐóÇ ßóÇäó åóÐóÇ ÍóÇáó ÇáøóÐöíäó ÃóÓúáóãõæÇ ãöäú ÈóÚúÏö ÇáúÝóÊúÍö æóÞóÇÊóáõæÇ¡ æóåõãú ãöäú ÃóÕúÍóÇÈöåö ÇáÊøóÇÈöÚöíäó áöáÓøóÇÈöÞöíäó ãóÚó ãóäú ÃóÓúáóãó ãöäú ÞóÈúáö ÇáúÝóÊúÍö æóÞóÇÊóáó æóåõãú ÃóÕúÍóÇÈõåõ ÇáÓøóÇÈöÞõæäó¡ ÝóßóíúÝó íóßõæäõ ÍóÇáõ ãóäú áóíúÓó ãöäú ÃóÕúÍóÇÈöåö ÈöÍóÇáò ãóÚó ÃóÕúÍóÇÈöåö¿ ! .
æóÞóæúáõåõ: " «áóÇ ÊóÓõÈøõæÇ ÃóÕúÍóÇÈöí» " ÞóÏú ËóÈóÊó Ýöí ÇáÕøóÍöíÍóíúäö ãöäú ÛóíúÑö æóÌúåò¡ ãöäúåóÇ ãóÇ ÊóÞóÏøóãó æóãöäúåóÇ ãóÇ ÃóÎúÑóÌõæåõ Ýöí ÇáÕøóÍöíÍö (1) Úóäú ÃóÈöí åõÑóíúÑóÉó: ÞóÇáó: ÞóÇáó ÑóÓõæáõ Çááøóåö - Õóáøóì Çááøóåõ Úóáóíúåö æóÓóáøóãó -: " «áóÇ ÊóÓõÈøõæÇ ÃóÕúÍóÇÈöí ÝóæóÇáøóÐöí äóÝúÓöí ÈöíóÏöåö áóæú Ãóäøó ÃóÍóÏóßõãú ÃóäúÝóÞó ãöËúáó ÃõÍõÏò ÐóåóÈðÇ ãóÇ ÃóÏúÑóßó ãõÏøó ÃóÍóÏöåöãú æóáóÇ äóÕöíÝóåõ» " ÊóÞóÏøóãó åóÐóÇ ÇáúÍóÏöíËõ ÝöíãóÇ ãóÖóì 2/20 - 21. .
ÝóÕúáñ.
[Þæá ÇáÑÇÝÖí íÌæÒ Ãä íÓÊÕÍÈå ãÚå áÆáÇ íÙåÑ ÃãÑå ÍÐÑÇ ãäå æÇáÑÏ Úáíå]
æóÃóãøóÇ Þóæúáõ ÇáÑøóÇÝöÖöíøö: " íóÌõæÒõ Ãóäú íóÓúÊóÕúÍöÈóåõ ãóÚóåõ áöÆóáøóÇ íóÙúåóÑó ÃóãúÑõåõ ÍóÐóÑðÇ ãöäúåõ ".
æóÇáúÌóæóÇÈõ: Ãóäøó åóÐóÇ ÈóÇØöáñ ãöäú æõÌõæåò ßóËöíÑóÉò áóÇ íõãúßöäõ ÇÓúÊöÞúÕóÇÄõåóÇ.
ÃóÍóÏõåóÇ: Ãóäøóåõ ÞóÏú Úõáöãó ÈöÏóáóÇáóÉö ÇáúÞõÑúÂäö ãõæóÇáóÇÊõåõ áóåõ æóãóÍóÈøóÊõåõ áóÇ ÚóÏóÇæóÊõåõ¡ ÝóÈóØóáó åóÐóÇ.
ÇáËøóÇäöí: Ãóäøóåõ ÞóÏú Úõáöãó ÈöÇáÊøóæóÇÊõÑö Ãóäøó ÃóÈóÇ ÈóßúÑò ßóÇäó ãõÍöÈøðÇ áöáäøóÈöíøö - Õóáøóì Çááøóåõ Úóáóíúåö æóÓóáøóãó - ãõÄúãöäðÇ Èöåö¡ ãöäú ÃóÚúÙóãö ÇáúÎóáúÞö ÇÎúÊöÕóÇÕðÇ Èöåö¡ ÃóÚúÙóãõ ãöãøóÇ ÊóæóÇÊóÑó
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(1) ä¡ Ó ãóÇ ÃóÎúÑóÌõæåõ Ýöí ÇáÕøóÍöíÍóíúäö¡ È: ãóÇ ÃóÎúÑóÌóÇåõ Ýöí ÇáÕøóÍöíÍóíúäö.(8/433)
ãöäú ÔóÌóÇÚóÉö ÚóäúÊóÑóÉó¡ æóãöäú ÓóÎóÇÁö ÍóÇÊöãò¡ æóãöäú ãõæóÇáóÇÉö Úóáöíøò æóãóÍóÈøóÊöåö áóåõ¡ æóäóÍúæö Ðóáößó ãöäó ÇáÊøóæóÇÊõÑóÇÊö ÇáúãóÚúäóæöíøóÉö ÝöíåóÇ ÇáúÃóÎúÈóÇÑõ ÇáúßóËöíÑóÉõ Úóáóì ãóÞúÕõæÏò æóÇÍöÏò.
æóÇáÔøóßøõ Ýöí ãóÍóÈøóÉö ÃóÈöí ÈóßúÑò ßóÇáÔøóßøö Ýöí ÛóíúÑöåö æóÃóÔóÏøó¡ æóãöäó ÇáÑøóÇÝöÖóÉö ãóäú íõäúßöÑõ ßóæúäó ÃóÈöí ÈóßúÑò æóÚõãóÑó ãóÏúÝõæäóíúäö Ýöí ÇáúÍõÌúÑóÉö ÇáäøóÈóæöíøóÉö¡ æóÈóÚúÖõ ÛõáóÇÊöåöãú íõäúßöÑõ Ãóäøó íóßõæäó åõæó ÕóÇÍöÈóåõ ÇáøóÐöí ßóÇäó ãóÚóåõ Ýöí ÇáúÛóÇÑö. æóáóíúÓó åóÐóÇ ãöäú ÈõåúÊóÇäöåöãú ÈöÈóÚöíÏò¡ ÝóÅöäøó ÇáúÞóæúãó Þóæúãõ ÈõåúÊò íóÌúÍóÏõæäó ÇáúãóÚúáõæãó ËõÈõæÊóåõ (1) ÈöÇáöÇÖúØöÑóÇÑö¡ æóíóÏóÚõæäó ËõÈõæÊó ãóÇ íõÚúáóãõ ÇäúÊöÝóÇÄõåõ ÈöÇáöÇÖúØöÑóÇÑö Ýöí ÇáúÚóÞúáöíøóÇÊö æóÇáäøóÞúáöíøóÇÊö.
æóáöåóÐóÇ ÞóÇáó ãóäú ÞóÇáó: áóæú Þöíáó: ãóäú ÃóÌúåóáõ ÇáäøóÇÓö¿ áóÞöíáó: ÇáÑøóÇÝöÖóÉõ ÍóÊøóì ÝóÑóÖóåóÇ ÈóÚúÖõ ÇáúÝõÞóåóÇÁö \ ãóÓúÃóáóÉñ ÝöÞúåöíøóÉñ: ÝöíãóÇ ÅöÐóÇ ÃóæúÕóì (2) áöÃóÌúåóáö ÇáäøóÇÓöº ÞóÇáó: åõãõ ÇáÑøóÇÝöÖóÉõ¡ áóßöäøó åóÐöåö ÇáúæóÕöíøóÉó ÈóÇØöáóÉñº ÝóÅöäøó ÇáúæóÕöíøóÉó ÈóÇØöáóÉñ¡ ÝóÅöäøó ÇáúæóÕöíøóÉó æóÇáúæóÞúÝó áóÇ íóßõæäóÇäö (3) ãóÚúÕöíóÉð¡ Èóáú Úóáóì ÌöåóÉò áóÇ Êóßõæäõ ãóÐúãõæãóÉð Ýöí ÇáÔøóÑúÚö. æóÇáúæóÞúÝõ æóÇáúæóÕöíøóÉõ áöÃóÌúåóáö ÇáäøóÇÓö Ýöíåö ÌóÚúáõ (4) ÇáúÃóÌúåóáöíøóÉö æóÇáúÈöÏúÚöíøóÉö ãõæÌöÈóÉð áöáöÇÓúÊöÍúÞóÇÞö¡ Ýóåõæó ßóãóÇ áóæú ÃóæúÕóì áöÃóßúÝóÑö ÇáäøóÇÓö¡ Ãóæú áöáúßóÝøóÇÑö Ïõæäó ÇáúãõÓúáöãöíäó ÈöÍóíúËõ íõÌúÚóáõ ÇáúßõÝúÑõ ÔóÑúØðÇ Ýöí ÇáöÇÓúÊöÍúÞóÇÞö¡ ÝóÅöäøó åóÐóÇ áóÇ íóÕöÍøõ.
æóßóæúäõ ÃóÈöí ÈóßúÑò ßóÇäó ãõæóÇáöíðÇ áöáäøóÈöíøö - Õóáøóì Çááøóåõ Úóáóíúåö æóÓóáøóãó - ÃóÚúÙóãó ãöäú ÛóíúÑöåöº ÃóãúÑñ Úóáöãóåõ ÇáúãõÓúáöãõæäó æóÇáúßõÝøóÇÑõ æóÇáúÃóÈúÑóÇÑõ æóÇáúÝõÌøóÇÑõ ÍóÊøóì Ãóäøöí ÃóÚúÑöÝõ ØóÇÆöÝóÉð ãöäó ÇáÒøóäóÇÏöÞóÉö ßóÇäõæÇ íóÞõæáõæäó: Åöäøó Ïöíäó ÇáúÅöÓúáóÇãö ÇÊøóÝóÞó Úóáóíúåö Ýöí ÇáúÈóÇØöäö ÇáäøóÈöíøõ - Õóáøóì
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(1) ä: äóÈõæøóÊóåõ¡ æóåõæó ÊóÍúÑöíÝñ.
(2) ã: æóÕøóì.
(3) ä¡ ã¡ Ó: áóÇ Êóßõæäõ.
(4) ä¡ Ó: Ìóåúáõ¡ æóåõæó ÊóÍúÑöíÝñ.(8/434)
Çááøóåõ Úóáóíúåö æóÓóáøóãó - æóÃóÈõæ ÈóßúÑò æóËóÇáöËõåõãóÇ ÚõãóÑõº áóßöäú áóãú íóßõäú ÚõãóÑõ ãõØøóáöÚðÇ Úóáóì ÓöÑøöåöãóÇ ßõáøöåö¡ ßóãóÇ æóÞóÚóÊú ÏóÚúæóÉõ ÇáúÅöÓúãóÇÚöíáöíøóÉö ÇáúÈóÇØöäöíøóÉö æóÇáúÞóÑóÇãöØóÉö¡ ÝóßóÇäó (1) ßõáøõ ãóäú ßóÇäó ÃóÞúÑóÈó Åöáóì ÅöãóÇãöåöãú [ßóÇäó] (2) ÃóÚúáóãó ÈöÈóÇØöäö ÇáÏøóÚúæóÉö¡ æóÃóßúÊóãó áöÈóÇØöäöåóÇ ãöäú ÛóíúÑöåö.
æóáöåóÐóÇ ÌóÚóáõæåõãú ãóÑóÇÊöÈó: ÝóÇáÒøóäóÇÏöÞóÉõ ÇáúãõäóÇÝöÞõæäó áöÚöáúãöåöãú ÈöÃóäøó ÃóÈóÇ ÈóßúÑò ÃóÚúÙóãõ ãõæóÇáóÇÉð æóÇÎúÊöÕóÇÕðÇ ÈöÇáäøóÈöíøö - Õóáøóì Çááøóåõ Úóáóíúåö æóÓóáøóãó - ãöäú ÛóíúÑöåö¡ ÌóÚóáõæåõ ãöãøóäú íóØøóáöÚõ Úóáóì ÈóÇØöäö ÃóãúÑöåö æóíóßúÊõãõåõ Úóäú ÛóíúÑöåö¡ æóíõÚóÇæöäõåõ Úóáóì ãóÞúÕõæÏöåö ÈöÎöáóÇÝö ÛóíúÑöåö.
Ýóãóäú ÞóÇáó: Åöäøóåõ ßóÇäó Ýöí ÇáúÈóÇØöäö ÚóÏõæøóåõ (3) ¡ ßóÇäó ãöäú ÃóÚúÙóãö Ãóåúáö ÇáúÃóÑúÖö ÝöÑúíóÉð¡ Ëõãøó Åöäøó ÞóÇÊöáó åóÐóÇ ÅöÐóÇ Þöíáó áóåõ ãöËúáõ åóÐóÇ Ýöí Úóáöíøò¡ æóÞöíáó [áóåõ] áóåõ ÒöíóÇÏóÉñ Ýöí (ã) .: Åöäøóåõ ßóÇäó Ýöí ÇáúÈóÇØöäö ãõÚóÇÏöíðÇ áöáäøóÈöíøö - Õóáøóì Çááøóåõ Úóáóíúåö æóÓóáøóãó -¡ æóÅöäøóåõ ßóÇäó ÚóÇÌöÒðÇ Ýöí æöáóÇíóÉö ÇáúÎõáóÝóÇÁö ÇáËøóáóÇËóÉö Úóäú ÅöÝúÓóÇÏö ãöáøóÊöåöº ÝóáóãøóÇ ÐóåóÈó ÃóßóÇÈöÑõ ÇáÕøóÍóÇÈóÉö æóÈóÞöíó åõæóº ØóáóÈó ÍöíäóÆöÐò ÅöÝúÓóÇÏó ãöáøóÊöåö æóÅöåúáóÇßó ÃõãøóÊöåö¡ æóáöåóÐóÇ ÞóÊóáó ãöäó ÇáúãõÓúáöãöíäó ÎóáúÞðÇ ßóËöíÑðÇ¡ æóßóÇäó ãõÑóÇÏõåõ ÅöåúáóÇßó ÇáúÈóÇÞöíäóº áóßöäú ÚóÌóÒóº æóÅöäøóåõ ÈöÓóÈóÈö Ðóáößó ÇäúÊóÓóÈó Åöáóíúåö ÇáÒøóäóÇÏöÞóÉõ ÇáúãõäóÇÝöÞõæäó ÇáúãõÈúÛöÖõæäó áöáÑøóÓõæáö ßóÇáúÞóÑóÇãöØóÉö æóÇáúÅöÓúãóÇÚöíáöíøóÉö æóÇáäøõÕóíúÑöíøóÉö¡ ÝóáóÇ ÊóÌöÏõ ÚóÏõæøðÇ áöáúÅöÓúáóÇãö ÅöáøóÇ æóåõæó íóÓúÊóÚöíäõ Úóáóì Ðóáößó ÈöÅöÙúåóÇÑö ãõæóÇáóÇÉò Úóáóì ÇÓúÊöÚóÇäóÉò áóÇ Êõãúßöäõåõ ÈöÅöÙúåóÇÑö ãõæóÇáóÇÉö ÃóÈöí ÈóßúÑò æóÚõãóÑó.
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(1) Ó¡ È: æóßóÇäó
(2) ßóÇäó: ÓóÇÞöØóÉñ ãöäú (ä) ¡ (ã)
(3) Ó¡ È: ÚóÏõæøðÇ.(8/435)
ÝóÇáÔøõÈúåóÉõ Ýöí ÏóÚúæóì ãõæóÇáóÇÉö Úóáöíøò áöáÑøóÓõæáö ÃóÚúÙóãõ ãöäó ÇáÔøõÈúåóÉö Ýöí ÏóÚúæóì ãõÚóÇÏóÇÉö ÃóÈöí ÈóßúÑò æóßöáóÇåõãóÇ ÈóÇØöáñ ãóÚúáõæãõ ÇáúÝóÓóÇÏö ÈöÇáöÇÖúØöÑóÇÑöº áóßöäøó ÇáúÍõÌóÌó ÇáÏøóÇáøóÉó Úóáóì ÈõØúáóÇäö åóÐöåö ÇáÏøóÚúæóì Ýöí ÃóÈöí ÈóßúÑò ÃóÚúÙóãõ ãöäó ÇáúÍõÌóÌö ÇáÏøóÇáøóÉö Úóáóì ÈõØúáóÇäöåóÇ Ýöí ÍóÞøö Úóáöíøòº ÝóÅöÐóÇ ßóÇäóÊö ÇáúÍõÌøóÉõ Úóáóì ãõæóÇáóÇÉö Úóáöíøò ÕóÍöíÍóÉð¡ æóÇáúÍõÌøóÉõ Úóáóì ãõÚóÇÏóÇÊöåö ÈóÇØöáóÉð¡ ÝóÇáúÍõÌøóÉõ Úóáóì ãõæóÇáóÇÉö ÃóÈöí ÈóßúÑò Ãóæúáóì ÈöÇáÕøöÍøóÉö¡ æóÇáúÍõÌøóÉõ Úóáóì ãõÚóÇÏóÇÊöåö Ãóæúáóì ÈöÇáúÈõØúáóÇäö.
ÇáúæóÌúåõ ÇáËøóÇáöËõ: Ãóäøó Þóæúáóåõ: " ÇÓúÊóÕúÍóÈóåõ ÍóÐóÑðÇ ãöäú Ãóäú íóÙúåóÑó ÃóãúÑóåõ ".
ßóáóÇãõ ãóäú åõæó ãöäú ÃóÌúåóáö ÇáäøóÇÓö ÈöãóÇ æóÞóÚó¡ ÝóÅöäøó ÃóãúÑó ÇáäøóÈöíøö - Õóáøóì Çááøóåõ Úóáóíúåö æóÓóáøóãó - Ýöí ÎõÑõæÌöåö ãöäú ãóßøóÉó ÙóÇåöÑñ ÚóÑóÝóåõ Ãóåúáõ ãóßøóÉó¡ æóÃóÑúÓóáõæÇ ÇáØøóáóÈó¡ ÝóÅöäøóåõ Ýöí ÇááøóíúáóÉö ÇáøóÊöí ÎóÑóÌó ÝöíåóÇ ÚóÑóÝõæÇ Ýöí ÕóÈöíÍóÊöåóÇ Ãóäøóåõ ÎóÑóÌó¡ æóÇäúÊóÔóÑó Ðóáößó æóÃóÑúÓóáõæÇ Åöáóì Ãóåúáö ÇáØøõÑõÞö íóÈúÐõáõæäó ÇáÏøöíóÉó Ýöíåö¡ æóÝöí ÃóÈöí ÈóßúÑò ÈóÐóáõæÇ ÇáÏøöíóÉó áöãóäú íóÃúÊöí ÈöÃóÈöí ÈóßúÑòº ÝóÃóíøõ ÔóíúÁò ßóÇäó íóÎóÇÝõ¿ æóßóæúäõ ÇáúãõÔúÑößöíäó ÈóÐóáõæÇ ÇáÏøöíóÉó áöãóäú íóÃúÊöí ÈöÃóÈöí ÈóßúÑò Ïóáöíáñ Úóáóì Ãóäøóåõãú ßóÇäõæÇ íóÚúáóãõæäó ãõæóÇáóÇÊóåõ áöÑóÓõæáö Çááøóåö - Õóáøóì Çááøóåõ Úóáóíúåö æóÓóáøóãó -¡ æóÃóäøóåõ ßóÇäó ÚóÏõæøóåõãú Ýöí ÇáúÈóÇØöäö æóáóæú ßóÇäó ãóÚóåõãú Ýöí ÇáúÈóÇØöäö áóãú íóÝúÚóáõæÇ Ðóáößó.
ÇáÑøóÇÈöÚõ: Ãóäøóåõ ÅöÐóÇ ßóÇäó ÎóÑóÌó áóíúáðÇ¡ ßóÇäó æóÞúÊõ ÇáúÎõÑõæÌö áóãú íóÚúáóãú Èöåö ÃóÍóÏñ¡ ÝóãóÇ íóÕúäóÚõ ÈöÃóÈöí ÈóßúÑò æóÇÓúÊöÕúÍóÇÈöåö (1) ãóÚóåõ¿ .
ÝóÅöäú Þöíáó: ÝóáóÚóáøóåõ Úóáöãó ÎõÑõæÌóåõ Ïõæäó ÛóíúÑöåö¿ .
Þöíáó: ÃóæøóáðÇ: ÞóÏú ßóÇäó íõãúßöäõåõ Ãóäú íóÎúÑõÌó Ýöí æóÞúÊò áóÇ íõÔúÚóÑõ Èöåö¡ ßóãóÇ ä: áóÇ íõÔúÚóÑõ Èöåö ÈöÎõÑõæÌöåö ßóãóÇ¡ (2) ÎóÑóÌó
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(1) Ó¡ È: æóÃóÕúÍóÇÈöåö
(2) Ó¡ È: áóÇ íõÔúÚóÑõ ÈöÎõÑõæÌöåö ßóãóÇ.(8/436)
Ýöí æóÞúÊò áóãú íóÔúÚõÑú Èöåö ÇáúãõÔúÑößõæäó¡ æóßóÇäó íõãúßöäõåõ Ãóäú [áóÇ] íõÚöíäóåõ (1) .
ÝóßóíúÝó æóÞóÏú ËóÈóÊó Ýöí ÇáÕøóÍöíÍóíúäö Ãóäøó ÃóÈóÇ ÈóßúÑò ÇÓúÊóÃúÐóäóåõ Ýöí ÇáúåöÌúÑóÉö¡ Ýóáóãú íóÃúÐóäú áóåõ ÍóÊøóì åóÇÌóÑó ãóÚóåõ¡ æóÇáäøóÈöíøõ - Õóáøóì Çááøóåõ Úóáóíúåö æóÓóáøóãó - ÃóÚúáóãóåõ ÈöÇáúåöÌúÑóÉö Ýöí ÎóáúæóÉò (2)
ÝóÝöí ÇáÕøóÍöíÍóíúäö Úóäö ÇáúÈóÑóÇÁö Èúäö ÚóÇÒöÈò ÞóÇáó: «ÌóÇÁó ÃóÈõæ ÈóßúÑò Åöáóì ÃõÈóíøò Ýöí ãóäúÒöáöåö ÝóÇÔúÊóÑóì ãöäúåõ ÑóÍúáðÇ¡ ÝóÞóÇáó áöÚóÇÒöÈò (3) : ÇÈúÚóËö ÇÈúäóßó ãóÚöí íóÍúãöáõåõ Åöáóì ãóäúÒöáöí ÝóÍóãóáúÊõåõ æóÎóÑóÌó ÃõÈóíøñ ãóÚóåõ íóäúÊóÞöÏõ Ëóãóäóåõº ÝóÞóÇáó ÃõÈóíøñ: íóÇ ÃóÈóÇ ÈóßúÑò ÍóÏøöËúäöí ßóíúÝó ÕóäóÚúÊõãóÇ áóíúáóÉó ÓóÑóíúÊó (4) ãóÚó ÇáäøóÈöíøö - Õóáøóì Çááøóåõ Úóáóíúåö æóÓóáøóãó -¿ ÞóÇáó: äóÚóãú ÓóÑóíúäóÇ áóíúáóÊóäóÇ ßõáøóåóÇ¡ æóãöäó ÇáúÛóÏö ÍóÊøóì ÞóÇãó ÞóÇÆöãõ ÇáÙøóåöíÑóÉö æóÎóáóÇ ÇáØøóÑöíÞõ¡ ÝóáóÇ íóãõÑøõ ÈöäóÇ Ýöíåö ÃóÍóÏñ ÍóÊøóì ÑóÝóÚúÊõ (5) áóäóÇ ÕóÎúÑóÉñ ØóæöíáóÉñ áóåóÇ Ùöáøñ áóãú ÊóÃúÊö Úóáóíúåö ÇáÔøóãúÓõ ÈóÚúÏõ¡ ÝóäóÒóáúäóÇ ÚöäúÏóåóÇ ÝóÃóÊóíúÊõ ÇáÕøóÎúÑóÉó ÝóÓóæøóíúÊõ ÈöíóÏöí ãóßóÇäðÇ íóäóÇãõ Ýöíåö [ÇáäøóÈöíøõ] ÇáäøóÈöíøõ: (6) - Õóáøóì Çááøóåõ Úóáóíúåö æóÓóáøóãó - Ýöí ÙöáøöåóÇ¡ Ëõãøó ÈóÓóØúÊõ Úóáóíúåö ÝóÑúæóÉð (7) ¡ Ëõãøó ÞõáúÊõ: äóãú íóÇ ÑóÓõæáó Çááøóåö¡ æóÃóäóÇ ÃóäúÝõÖõ áóßó ãóÇ Íóæúáóßó (8) ¡ ÝóäóÇãó ÑóÓõæáõ Çááøóåö
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(1) Ýöí ÌóãöíÚö ÇáäøõÓóÎö Ãóäú íõÚöíäóåõ. æóäóÈøóåó ãõÍóÞøöÞõ (È) Úóáóì ãóÇ ÃóËúÈóÊóåõ ãöäú ÅöÖóÇÝóÉö " áóÇ " áöÊóÓúÊóÞöíãó ÇáúÚöÈóÇÑóÉõ.
(2) íóÃúÊöí ÊóÝúÕöíáõ Ðóáößó ÝöíãóÇ íóáöí (ÇäúÙõÑú Õ.) .
(3) ÓóÃõÞóÇÈöáõ ÇáäøóÕøó ÇáÊøóÇáöíó Úóáóì ÑöæóÇíóÉö ÇáúÈõÎóÇÑöíøö áöÈóíóÇäö ÇáúÝõÑõæÞö ÇáúåóÇãøóÉö Åöäú ÔóÇÁó Çááøóåõ.
(4) ã. ÓöÑúÊó. æóÓóÑóì æóÃóÓúÑóì áõÛóÊóÇäö ÈöãóÚúäðì
(5) ä¡ ã: æóÞóÚúÊõ. æóÇáúãõËúÈóÊõ åõæó ÇáøóÐöí Ýöí " ÇáúÈõÎóÇÑöíøö " æóÑõÝöÚóÊú áóäóÇ ÕóÎúÑóÉñ: Ãóíú ÙóåóÑóÊú áöÃóÈúÕóÇÑöäóÇ.
(6) ÓóÇÞöØóÉñ ãöäú (ä) . æóÝöí (ã) : ÑóÓõæáõ Çááøóåö
(7) ÇáúãõÑóÇÏõ ÇáúÝóÑúæóÉõ ÇáúãóÚúÑõæÝóÉõ ÇáøóÊöí ÊõáúÈóÓõ.
(8) Ýöí ÇáÊøóÚúáöíÞö Úóáóì ãõÓúáöãò: " Ãóíú ÃõÝóÊøöÔõ áöÆóáøóÇ íóßõæäó ÚóÏõæøñ "(8/437)
- Õóáøóì Çááøóåõ Úóáóíúåö æóÓóáøóãó - Ýöí ÙöáøöåóÇ¡ æóÎóÑóÌúÊõ ÃóäúÝõÖõ ãóÇ Íóæúáóåõ¡ ÝóÅöÐóÇ ÃóäóÇ ÈöÑóÇÚò ãõÞúÈöáò ÈöÛóäóãöåö Åöáóì ÇáÕøóÎúÑóÉö¡ íõÑöíÏõ ãöäúåóÇ ÇáøóÐöí ÃóÑóÏúäóÇ ÝóáóÞöíÊõåõº ÝóÞõáúÊõ: áöãóäú (1) . ÃóäúÊó íóÇ ÛõáóÇãõ¿ ÝóÞóÇáó: áöÑóÌõáò ãöäú Ãóåúáö ÇáúãóÏöíäóÉö - íõÑöíÏõ ãóßøóÉó (2) - áöÑóÌõáò ãöäú ÞõÑóíúÔò ÓóãøóÇåõ ÝóÚóÑóÝúÊõåõ ÝóÞõáúÊõ áóåõ: ÃóÝöí Ûóäóãößó áóÈóäñ¿ ÝóÞóÇáó: äóÚóãú¡ ÞõáúÊõ: ÃóÝóÊóÍúáöÈõ áöí¿ ÞóÇáó: äóÚóãú ÝóÃóÎóÐó ÔóÇÉðº ÝóÞõáúÊõ [áóåõ] (3) ÇäúÝõÖö ÇáÖøóÑúÚó ãöäó ÇáÔøóÚúÑö æóÇáÊøõÑóÇÈö æóÇáúÞóÐóì¡ ÝóÍóáóÈó áöí Ýöí ÞóÚúÈò ãóÚóåõ ßõËúÈóÉð ãöäú áóÈóäò¡ ÞóÇáó: æóãóÚöí ÅöÏóÇæóÉñ (4) ÃóÑúÊóæöí ÝöíåóÇ (5) áöÑóÓõæáö Çááøóåö - Õóáøóì Çááøóåõ Úóáóíúåö æóÓóáøóãó - (6) ãöäúåóÇ æóíóÊóæóÖøóÃó¡ ÞóÇáó: ÝóÃóÊóíúÊõ ÇáäøóÈöíøó - Õóáøóì Çááøóåõ Úóáóíúåö æóÓóáøóãó - æóßóÑöåúÊõ Ãóäú ÃõæÞöÙóåõ ãöäú äóæúãöåö ÝóæóÇÝóíúÊõåõ ÞóÏö ÇÓúÊóíúÞóÙó ÝóÕóÈóÈúÊõ Úóáóì ÇááøóÈóäö ÇáúãóÇÁó ÍóÊøóì ÈóÑóÏó ÃóÓúÝóáõåõº ÝóÞõáúÊõ: íóÇ ÑóÓõæáó Çááøóåö ÇÔúÑóÈú ãöäú åóÐóÇ ÇááøóÈóäö¡ ÝóÔóÑöÈó ÍóÊøóì ÑóÖöíÊõ¡ Ëõãøó ÞóÇáó: " Ãóáóãú íóÃúäö áöáÑøóÍöíáö¿ " ÞõáúÊõ: Èóáóì¡ ÝóÇÑúÊóÍóáúäóÇ ÈóÚúÏó ãóÇ ÒóÇáóÊú (7) ÇáÔøóãúÓõ¡ æóÇÊøóÈóÚóäóÇ ÓõÑóÇÞóÉõ Èúäõ ãóÇáößò¡ ÞóÇáó: æóäóÍúäõ Ýöí ÌóáóÏò ãöäó ÇáúÃóÑúÖö (8) ÝóÞõáúÊõ:
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(1) ã: ãóäú.
(2) ÇáúÈõÎóÇÑöíøõ: ÇáúãóÏöíäóÉó Ãóæú ãóßøóÉó. . æóÝöí ÇáÊøóÚúáöíÞö Úóáóì ãõÓúáöãò: " ÇáúãõÑóÇÏõ ÈöÇáúãóÏöíäóÉö åõäóÇ ãóßøóÉó¡ æóáóãú Êóßõäú ãóÏöíäóÉó ÇáäøóÈöíøö - Õóáøóì Çááøóåõ Úóáóíúåö æóÓóáøóãó - ÓõãøöíóÊú ÈöÇáúãóÏöíäóÉö ÅöäøóãóÇ ßóÇäó ÇÓúãõåóÇ íóËúÑöÈó ".
(3) áóåõ: ÓóÇÞöØóÉñ ãöäú (Ó) ¡ (È)
(4) ÇáúÞóÚúÈõ: ÞóÏóÍñ ãöäú ÎóÔóÈò ãõÞóÚøóÑò¡ æóÇáúßõËúÈóÉõ åöíó ÞóÏúÑõ ÇáúÍóáúÈóÉö ãöäó ÇááøóÈóäö Ãóæö ÇáúÞóáöíáö ãöäúåõ¡ æóÇáúÅöÏóÇæóÉõ ßóÇáÑøóßúæóÉö¡ æóåöíó ÅöäóÇÁñ ÕóÛöíÑñ ãöäú ÌöáúÏò.
(5) ã: Ýöíåö
(6) áöíóÔúÑóÈó Ó¡ È: íóÔúÑóÈõ
(7) ÇáúÈõÎóÇÑöíøõ: ãóÇ ãóÇáóÊú.
(8) Ýöí ÔóÑúÍö ãõÓúáöãò: Ýöí ÌóáóÏò ãöäó ÇáúÃóÑúÖö Ãóíú ÃóÑúÖò ÕõáúÈóÉò. æóÑóæóì: ÌõÏóÏò¡ æóåõæó ÇáúãõÓúÊóæóì æóßóÇäóÊö ÇáúÃóÑúÖõ ãõÓúÊóæöíóÉð ÕõáúÈóÉð "(8/438)
íóÇ ÑóÓõæáó Çááøóåö: ÃõÊöíäóÇ (1) ¡ ÝóÞóÇáó: {áóÇ ÊóÍúÒóäú Åöäøó Çááøóåó ãóÚóäóÇ} ¡ ÝóÏóÚóÇ Úóáóíúåö ÑóÓõæáõ Çááøóåö - Õóáøóì Çááøóåõ Úóáóíúåö æóÓóáøóãó - ÝóÇÑúÊóØóãóÊú ÝóÑóÓõåõ Åöáóì ÈóØúäöåóÇ¡ ÝóÞóÇáó: Åöäøöí ÞóÏú ÚóáöãúÊõ ÃóäøóßõãóÇ ÏóÚóæúÊõãóÇ Úóáóíøó¡ ÝóÇÏúÚõæóÇ Çááøóåó áöí¡ ÝóÇááøóåõ áóßõãóÇ Ãóäú ÃóÑõÏøó ÚóäúßõãóÇ ÇáØøóáóÈó ÝóÏóÚóÇ Çááøóåó ÝóäóÌóÇ ÝóÑóÌóÚó áóÇ íóáúÞóì ÃóÍóÏðÇ ÅöáøóÇ ÞóÇáó ÞóÏú ßõÝöíÊõãú ãóÇ åõäóÇ¡ æóáóÇ íóáúÞóì ÃóÍóÏðÇ ÅöáøóÇ ÑóÏøóåõ¡ æóÞóÇáó (2) : ÎõÐú ÓóåúãðÇ ãöäú ßöäóÇäóÊöí ÝóÅöäøóßó ÊóãõÑøõ ÈöÅöÈöáöí æóÛöáúãóÇäöí¡ ÝóÎõÐú ãöäúåóÇ ÍóÇÌóÊóßó ÝóÞóÇáó: " áóÇ ÍóÇÌóÉó áöí Ýöí ÅöÈöáößó " ÞóÇáó: ÝóÞóÏöãúäóÇ ÇáúãóÏöíäóÉó¡ ÝóÊóäóÇÒóÚõæÇ Ãóíøõåõãú íóäúÒöáõ Úóáóíúåö¡ ÝóÞóÇáó ÑóÓõæáõ Çááøóåö - Õóáøóì Çááøóåõ Úóáóíúåö æóÓóáøóãó -: " ÃóäúÒöáõ Úóáóì Èóäöí ÇáäøóÌøóÇÑö ÃóÎúæóÇáö ÚóÈúÏö ÇáúãõØøóáöÈöº ÃõßúÑöãõåõãú ÈöÐóáößó "º ÝóÕóÚöÏó ÇáÑøöÌóÇáõ æóÇáäøöÓóÇÁõ ÝóæúÞó ÇáúÈõíõæÊö¡ æóÊóÝóÑøóÞó ÇáúÛöáúãóÇäõ æóÇáúÎóÏóãõ Ýöí ÇáØøõÑõÞö (3) íõäóÇÏõæäó: íóÇ ãõÍóãøóÏõ¡ íóÇ ÑóÓõæáó Çááøóåö¡ íóÇ ãõÍóãøóÏõ¡ íóÇ ÑóÓõæáó Çááøóåö» (4) ".
æóÑóæóì ÇáúÈõÎóÇÑöíøõ «Úóäú ÚóÇÆöÔóÉó¡ ÞóÇáóÊú: áóãú ÃóÚúÞöáú ÃóÈóæóíøó ÞóØøõ ÅöáøóÇ æóåõãóÇ íóÏöíäóÇäö ÇáÏøöíäó¡ æóáóãú íóãõÑøó ÚóáóíúäóÇ íóæúãñ ÅöáøóÇ íóÃúÊöíäóÇ Ýöíåö ÑóÓõæáõ Çááøóåö - Õóáøóì Çááøóåõ Úóáóíúåö æóÓóáøóãó - ØóÑóÝóíö ÇáäøóåóÇÑö: ÈõßúÑóÉð æóÚóÔöíøóÉðº ÝóáóãøóÇ ÇÈúÊõáöíó ÇáúãõÓúáöãõæäó ÎóÑóÌó ÃóÈõæ ÈóßúÑò ãõåóÇÌöÑðÇ
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(1) Ó¡ È: ÃõæÊöíäóÇ.
(2) ÇáúÚöÈóÇÑóÇÊõ áóíúÓóÊú Ýöí ÇáúÈõÎóÇÑöíøö¡ æóåöíó Ýöí ÑöæóÇíóÉò Ýöí " ãõÓúáöãò " " ÇáúãõÓúäóÏö "
(3) ä¡ ã¡ Ó: Ýöí ÇáØøóÑöíÞö. æóÇáúãõËúÈóÊõ ãöäú (È) ¡ ãõÓúáöãò.
(4) ÇáúÍóÏöíËõ - ãóÚó ÇÎúÊöáóÇÝò Ýöí ÇáúÃóáúÝóÇÙö - Úóäö ÇáúÈóÑóÇÁö Èúäö ÚóÇÒöÈò - ÑóÖöíó Çááøóåõ Úóäúåõ - Ýöí " ÇáúÈõÎóÇÑöíøö 4/201 - 202 (ßöÊóÇÈõ ÇáúãóäóÇÞöÈö¡ ÈóÇÈõ ÚóáóÇãóÇÊö ÇáäøõÈõæøóÉö Ýöí ÇáúÅöÓúáóÇãö) ¡ 5/3 - 4 (ßöÊóÇÈõ ÝóÖóÇÆöáö ÃóÕúÍóÇÈö ÇáäøóÈöíøö. . . ÈóÇÈõ ãóäóÇÞöÈö ÇáúãõåóÇÌöÑöíäó: ãóäóÇÞöÈõ ÃóÈöí ÈóßúÑò ÇáÕøöÏøöíÞö. . .) ãõÓúáöãò 4/2309 - 2311 (ßöÊóÇÈõ ÇáÒøõåúÏö æóÇáÑøóÞóÇÆöÞö¡ ÈóÇÈñ Ýöí ÍóÏöíËö ÇáúåöÌúÑóÉö. . .) ÇáúãõÓúäóÏö (Ø. ÇáúãóÚóÇÑöÝö) 1/152 - 156.(8/439)
Åöáóì ÇáúÍóÈóÔóÉö ÍóÊøóì ÅöÐóÇ ÈóáóÛó ÈóÑúßó ÇáúÛöãóÇÏö (1) áóÞöíóåõ ÇÈúäõ ÇáÏøóÛöäóÉö (2) . æóåõæó ÓóíøöÏõ ÇáúÞóÇÑøóÉö (3) ÝóÞóÇáó: Ãóíúäó ÊõÑöíÏõ íóÇ ÃóÈóÇ ÈóßúÑò¿ ÞóÇáó: ÃóÎúÑóÌóäöí Þóæúãöí¡ ÝóÃóäóÇ ÃõÑöíÏõ Ãóäú ÃóÓöíÍó Ýöí ÇáúÃóÑúÖö æóÃóÚúÈõÏó ÑóÈøöí¡ ÞóÇáó ÇÈúäõ ÇáÏøóÛöäóÉö: Åöäøó ãöËúáóßó áóÇ íóÎúÑõÌõ æóáóÇ íõÎúÑóÌõ ÝóÅöäøóßó ÊõßúÓöÈõ ÇáúãóÚúÏõæãó¡ æóÊóÕöáõ ÇáÑøóÍöãó¡ æóÊóÍúãöáõ Çáúßóáøó æóÊõÞúÑöí ÇáÖøóíúÝó¡ æóÊõÚöíäó Úóáóì äóæóÇÆöÈö ÇáúÍóÞøö (4) ¡ æóÃóäóÇ áóßó ÌóÇÑñ¡ ÝóÇÚúÈõÏú (5) ÑóÈøóßó ÈöÈóáóÏößó (6) ¡ ÝóÇÑúÊóÍóáó ÇÈúäõ ÇáÏøóÛöäóÉö ÝóÑóÌóÚó ãóÚó ÃóÈöí ÈóßúÑò (7) ¡ ÝóØóÇÝó Ýöí ÃóÔúÑóÇÝö ßõÝøóÇÑö ÞõÑóíúÔò ÝóÞóÇáó áóåõãú: Åöäøó ÃóÈóÇ ÈóßúÑò áóÇ íóÎúÑõÌõ ãöËúáõåõ æóáóÇ íõÎúÑóÌõ ÃóÊõÎúÑöÌõæäó ÑóÌõáðÇ íõßúÓöÈõ ÇáúãóÚúÏõæãó æóíóÕöáõ ÇáÑøóÍöãó¡ æóíóÍúãöáõ Çáúßóáøó æóíõÞúÑöí ÇáÖøóíúÝó¡
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(1) ãöäú ÝóÊúÍö ÇáúÈóÇÑöí " 7/232: " ÈóÑúßó ÇáúÛöãóÇÏö. . ãóæúÖöÚñ Úóáóì ÎóãúÓö áóíóÇáò ãöäú ãóßøóÉó Åöáóì ÌöåóÉö Çáúíóãóäö¡ æóÞóÇáó ÇáúÈóßúÑöíøõ: åöíó ÃóÞóÇÕöí åóÌóÑó¡ æóÍóßóì ÇáúåóãúÏóÇäöíøõ Ýöí ÃóäúÓóÇÈö Çáúíóãóäö: æóåõæó Ýöí ÃóÞúÕóì Çáúíóãóäö¡ æóÇáúÃóæøóáõ Ãóæúáóì ".
(2) ÇÈúäõ ÇáÏøõÛõäøóÉö: ÈöÖóãøö ÇáúãõåúãóáóÉö æóÇáúãõÚúÌóãóÉö æóÊóÔúÏöíÏö Çáäøõæäö ÚöäúÏó Ãóåúáö ÇááøõÛóÉö¡ æóÞöíáó: Åöäøó Ðóáößó ßóÇäó áöÇÓúÊöÑúÎóÇÁò Ýöí áöÓóÇäöåö æóÇáÕøóæóÇÈõ ÇáúßóÓúÑõ. æóËóÈóÊó ÈöÇáÊøóÎúÝöíÝö æóÇáÊøóÔúÏöíÏö ãöäú ØóÑöíÞò¡ æóåöíó Ãõãøõåõ¡ æóÞöíáó: Ãõãøõ ÃóÈöíåö¡ æóÞöíáó: ÏóÇÈøóÊõåõ¡ æóãóÚúäóì " ÇáÏøóÛöäóÉö " ÇáúãõÓúÊóÑúÎöíóÉõ¡ æóÃóÕúáõåóÇ ÇáúÛóãóÇãóÉõ ÇáúßóËöíÑóÉõ ÇáúãóØóÑö¡ æóÇÎúÊõáöÝó Ýöí ÇÓúãöåö. . "
(3) Þóæúáõåõ: " æóåõæó ÓóíøöÏõ ÇáúÞóÇÑøóÉö " ÈöÇáúÞóÇÝö æóÊóÔúÏöíÏö ÇáÑøóÇÁö¡ æóåöíó ÞóÈöíáóÉñ ãóÔúåõæÑóÉñ ãöäú Èóäöí Çáúåõæäö: ÈöÇáÖøóãøö æóÇáÊøóÎúÝöíÝö¡ ÇÈúäõ ÎõÒóíúãóÉó Èúäö ãõÏúÑößóÉó Èúäö ÅöáúíóÇÓó Èúäö ãõÖóÑóº æóßóÇäõæÇ ÍõáóÝóÇÁó Èóäöí ÒõåúÑóÉó ãöäú ÞõÑóíúÔò¡ æóßóÇäõæÇ íõÖúÑóÈõ Èöåöãõ ÇáúãóËóáõ Ýöí ÞõæøóÉö ÇáÑøóãúíö ".
(4) ÞóÇáó ÇÈúäõ ÍóÌóÑò: " æóÝöí ãõæóÇÝóÞóÉö æóÕúÝö ÇÈúäö ÇáÏøóÛöäóÉö áöÃóÈöí ÈóßúÑò ÈöãöËúáö ãóÇ æóÕóÝóÊú Èöåö ÎóÏöíÌóÉõ ÇáäøóÈöíøó - Õóáøóì Çááøóåõ Úóáóíúåö æóÓóáøóãó - ãóÇ íóÏõáøõ Úóáóì ÚóÙöíãö ÝóÖúáö ÃóÈöí ÈóßúÑò æóÇÊøöÕóÇÝöåö ÈöÇáÕøöÝóÇÊö ÇáúÈóÇáöÛóÉö Ýöí ÃóäúæóÇÚö ÇáúßóãóÇáö ".
(5) ã: ÝóÇÑúÌöÚöí ÝóÇÚúÈõÏú. . .
(6) ä¡ ã¡ Ó: ÈöÈöáóÇÏößó.
(7) ä: ÝóÇÑúÊóÍóáó ÇÈúäõ ÇáÏøóÛöäóÉö¡ ÝóÑóÌóÚó ÇÈúäõ ÇáÏøóÛöäóÉö¡ ÝóÑóÌóÚó ãóÚó ÃóÈöí ÈóßúÑò.(8/440)
æóíõÚöíäõ Úóáóì äóæóÇÆöÈö ÇáúÍóÞøö¡ ÝóÃóäúÝóÐóÊú (1) ÞõÑóíúÔñ ÌöæóÇÑó ÇÈúäö ÇáÏøóÛöäóÉö¡ æóÂãóäõæÇ ÃóÈóÇ ÈóßúÑò æóÞóÇáõæÇ áöÇÈúäö ÇáÏøóÛöäóÉö: ãõÑú ÃóÈóÇ ÈóßúÑò ÝóáúíóÚúÈõÏú ÑóÈøóåõ Ýöí ÏóÇÑöåö¡ ÝóáúíõÕóáøö æóáúíóÞúÑóÃú ãóÇ ÔóÇÁó¡ æóáóÇ íõÄúÐöíäóÇ (2) ÈöÐóáößó¡ æóáóÇ íóÓúÊóÚúáöäøó Èöåö¡ ÝóÅöäøóÇ ÞóÏú ÎóÔöíäóÇ Ãóäú íóÝúÊöäó ÃóÈúäóÇÁóäóÇ æóäöÓóÇÁóäóÇ¡ ÝóÞóÇáó Ðóáößó ÇÈúäõ ÇáÏøóÛöäóÉö áöÃóÈöí ÈóßúÑò¡ ÝóØóÝöÞó ÃóÈõæ ÈóßúÑò íóÚúÈõÏõ ÑóÈøóåõ Ýöí ÏóÇÑöåö æóáóÇ íóÓúÊóÚúáöäøó (3) ÈöÇáÕøóáóÇÉö æóÇáúÞöÑóÇÁóÉö Ýöí ÛóíúÑö ÏóÇÑöåö. Ëõãøó ÈóÏóÇ áöÃóÈöí ÈóßúÑò ÝóÇÈúÊóäóì ÈöÝöäóÇÁö ÏóÇÑöåö ãóÓúÌöÏðÇ¡ æóÈóÑóÒó ÝóßóÇäó íõÕóáøöí Ýöíåö¡ æóíóÞúÑóÃõ ÇáúÞõÑúÂäó ÝóÊóäúÞóÕöÝõ (4) Úóáóíúåö äöÓóÇÁõ ÇáúãõÔúÑößöíäó æóÃóÈúäóÇÄõåõãú¡ [æóåõãú] íóÚúÌóÈõæäó [ãöäúåõ] æóíóäúÙõÑõæäó Åöáóíúåö (5) ¡ æóßóÇäó ÃóÈõæ ÈóßúÑò - ÑóÖöíó Çááøóåõ Úóäúåõ - ÑóÌõáðÇ ÈóßøóÇÁð áóÇ íóãúáößõ ÏóãúÚóåõ Íöíäó íóÞúÑóÃõ ÇáúÞõÑúÂäó ÝóÃóÝúÒóÚó Ðóáößó ÃóÔúÑóÇÝó ÞõÑóíúÔò¡ ÝóÃóÑúÓóáõæÇ Åöáóì ÇÈúäö ÇáÏøóÛöäóÉö ÝóÞóÏöãó Úóáóíúåöãúº ÝóÞóÇáõæÇ: ÅöäøóÇ ßõäøóÇ [ÞóÏú] (6) ÃóÌóÑúäóÇ (7) ÃóÈóÇ ÈóßúÑò Úóáóì Ãóäú íóÚúÈõÏó ÑóÈøóåõ Ýöí ÏóÇÑöåö¡ æóÅöäøóåõ ÌóÇæóÒó Ðóáößó¡ ÝóÇÈúÊóäóì ãóÓúÌöÏðÇ ÈöÝöäóÇÁö ÏóÇÑöåö¡ æóÃóÚúáóäó ÈöÇáÕøóáóÇÉö æóÇáúÞöÑóÇÁóÉö¡ æóÞóÏú ÎóÔöíäóÇ Ãóäú íóÝúÊöäó ÃóÈúäóÇÁóäóÇ æóäöÓóÇÁóäóÇ ÝóÃúÊöåö¡ ÝóÅöäú ÃóÍóÈøó Ãóäú íóÞúÊóÕöÑó Úóáóì Ãóäú íóÚúÈõÏó ÑóÈøóåõ Ýöí ÏóÇÑöåö ÝóÚóáó¡ æóÅöáøóÇ ÝóÅöäú ÃóÈóì (8) ÅöáøóÇ Ãóäú íõÚúáöäó Ðóáößó¡ ÝóÓóáúåõ
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(1) ã: æóÃóäúÝóÐóÊú¡ Ó¡ È: ÝóÃóäúÝóÐó
(2) ä: æóáóÇ íõÄúÐöäóÇ
(3) ä¡ ã: æóáóÇ íóÔúÊóÛöáóäøó¡ æóåõæó ÊóÍúÑöíÝñ.
(4) Ýöí ÇáúÈõÎóÇÑöíøö Ýöí " ãóäóÇÞöÈö ÇáúÃóäúÕóÇÑö " ÝóíóÊóÞóÐøóÝõ. æóÞóÇáó ÇÈúäõ ÍóÌóÑò: " ÊóÞóÏøóãó Ýöí ÇáúßóÝóÇáóÉö ÈöáóÝúÙö " ÝóíóÊóÞóÕøóÝõ " Ãóíú íóÒúÏóÍöãõæäó Úóáóíúåö ÍóÊøóì íóÓúÞõØó ÈóÚúÖõåõãú Úóáóì ÈóÚúÖò ÝóíóßóÇÏõ íóäúßóÓöÑõ¡ æóÃóØúáóÞó íóÊóÞóÕøóÝõ ãõÈóÇáöÛóÉðº ÞóÇáó ÇáúÎóØøóÇÈöíøõ: åóÐóÇ åõæó ÇáúãóÍúÝõæÙõ ".
(5) ä ã¡ Ó: æóíóÚúÌóÈõæäó æóíóäúÙõÑõæäó Åöáóíúåö.
(6) ÞóÏú: ÒöíóÇÏóÉñ Ýöí (ã) .
(7) ÃóÌóÑúäóÇ: ÞóÇáó ÇÈúäõ ÍóÌóÑò: " ÈöÇáúÌöíãö æóÇáÑøóÇÁö áöáúÃóßúËóÑö¡ æóáöáúÞóÇÈöÓöíøö ÈöÇáÒøóÇÁö: Ãóíú ÃóÈóÍúäóÇ áóåõ¡ æóÇáúÃóæøóáõ ÃóæúÌóåõ ".
(8) ä¡ ã: æóÅöäú ÃóÈóì.(8/441)
Ãóäú íóÑõÏøó Åöáóíúßó ÌöæóÇÑóßóº ÝóÅöäøóÇ ÞóÏú ßóÑöåúäóÇ Ãóäú äõÎúÝöÑóßó (1) ¡ æóáóÓúäóÇ ãõÞöÑøöíäó áöÃóÈöí ÈóßúÑò ÇáöÇÓúÊöÚúáóÇäó. ÞóÇáóÊú ÚóÇÆöÔóÉõ: ÝóÃóÊóì ÇÈúäõ ÇáÏøóÛöäóÉö ÃóÈóÇ ÈóßúÑòº ÝóÞóÇáó: ÞóÏú ÚóáöãúÊó ÇáøóÐöí ÚóÞóÏúÊõ áóßó Úóáóíúåöº ÝóÅöãøóÇ Ãóäú ÊóÞúÊóÕöÑó Úóáóì Ðóáößó¡ æóÅöãøóÇ Ãóäú ÊóÑõÏøó Åöáóíøó ÐöãøóÊöí¡ ÝóÅöäøöí áóÇ ÃõÍöÈøõ Ãóäú ÊóÓúãóÚó ÇáúÚóÑóÈõ Ãóäøöí ÃõÎúÝöÑúÊõ (2) Ýöí ÑóÌõáò ÚóÞóÏúÊõ áóåõ¡ ÞóÇáó ÃóÈõæ ÈóßúÑò: Åöäøöí ÃóÑõÏøõ Åöáóíúßó ÌöæóÇÑóßó¡ æóÃóÑúÖóì ÈöÌöæóÇÑö Çááøóåö (3) ¡ æóÑóÓõæáõ Çááøóåö íóæúãóÆöÐò ÈöãóßøóÉóº ÝóÞóÇáó ÑóÓõæáõ Çááøóåö - Õóáøóì Çááøóåõ Úóáóíúåö æóÓóáøóãó -: " ÞóÏú ÃõÑöíÊõ (4) ÏóÇÑó åöÌúÑóÊößõãú: ÐóÇÊó äóÎúáò¡ Èóíúäó áóÇÈóÊóíúäö - æóåõãóÇ ÇáúÍõÑøóÊóÇäö - (5) ÝóåóÇÌóÑó ãóäú åóÇÌóÑó Åöáóì ÇáúãóÏöíäóÉö¡ æóÑóÌóÚó ÚóÇãøóÉõ ãóäú ßóÇäó åóÇÌóÑó ÈöÃóÑúÖö ÇáúÍóÈóÔóÉö Åöáóì ÇáúãóÏöíäóÉö¡ æóÊóÌóåøóÒó ÃóÈõæ ÈóßúÑò ÞöÈóáó ÇáúãóÏöíäóÉö ÝóÞóÇáó ÇáäøóÈöíøõ - Õóáøóì Çááøóåõ Úóáóíúåö æóÓóáøóãó -: " Úóáóì ÑöÓúáößó (6) ¡ ÝóÅöäøöí ÃóÑúÌõæ Ãóäú íõÄúÐóäó áöí " ÝóÞóÇáó ÃóÈõæ ÈóßúÑò: æóåóáú ÊóÑúÌõæ Ðóáößó ÈöÃóÈöí ÃóäúÊó æóÃõãøöí¿ ÞóÇáó " äóÚóãú " ÝóÍóÈóÓó ÃóÈõæ ÈóßúÑò äóÝúÓóåõ (7) Úóáóì ÑóÓõæáö Çááøóåö - Õóáøóì Çááøóåõ Úóáóíúåö æóÓóáøóãó - áöíóÕúÍóÈóåõ¡ æóÚóáóÝó ÑóÇÍöáóÊóíúäö ßóÇäóÊóÇ ÚöäúÏóåõ æóÑóÞó ÇáÓøóãõÑö - æóåõæó
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(1) ä¡ ã: Ãóäú äõÍóÞøöÑóßó¡ æóåõæó ÊóÍúÑöíÝñ. æóÞóÇáó ÇÈúäõ ÍóÌóÑò: " äõÎúÝöÑóßó: ÈöÖóãøö Ãóæøóáöåö æóÈöÇáúÎóÇÁö ÇáúãõÚúÌóãóÉö æóßóÓúÑö ÇáúÝóÇÁö¡ Ãóíú äóÛúÏöÑó Èößó. íõÞóÇáõ: ÎóÝóÑóåõ ÅöÐóÇ ÍóÝöÙóåõ æóÃóÎúÝóÑóåõ ÅöÐóÇ ÛóÏóÑó Èöåö ".
(2) ä: Ãóäøöí ÃõÍúÞöÑúÊõ¡ æóåõæó ÊóÍúÑöíÝñ.
(3) ÈöÌöæóÇÑö Çááøóåö: Ãóíú ÃóãóÇäöåö æóÍöãóÇíóÊöåö.
(4) ã: ÞóÏú ÑóÃóíúÊõ.
(5) ÞóÇáó ÇÈúäõ ÍóÌóÑò¡ " Þóæúáõåõ: Èóíúäó áóÇÈóÊóíúäö æóåõãóÇ ÇáúÍõÑøóÊóÇäö: åóÐóÇ ãõÏúÑóÌñ Ýöí ÇáúÎóÈóÑö¡ æóåõæó ãöäú ÊóÝúÓöíÑö ÇáÒøõåúÑöíøö¡ æóÇáúÍõÑøóÉõ ÃóÑúÖñ ÍöÌóÇÑóÊõåóÇ ÓõæÏñ ".
(6) Úóáóì ÑöÓúáößó: ÈößóÓúÑö Ãóæøóáöåö: Ãóíú Úóáóì ãóåúáößó¡ æóÇáÑøöÓúáõ: ÇáÓøóíúÑõ ÇáÑøóÞöíÞõ.
(7) ÝóÍóÈóÓó äóÝúÓóåõ: Ãóíú ãóäóÚóåóÇ ãöäö ÇáúåöÌúÑóÉö(8/442)
ÇáúÎóÈóØõ (1) ÃóÑúÈóÚóÉó ÃóÔúåõÑò¡ ÞóÇáó ÇÈúäõ ÔöåóÇÈò: ÞóÇáó ÚõÑúæóÉõ (2) : ÞóÇáóÊú ÚóÇÆöÔóÉõ (3) : ÝóÈóíúäóãóÇ äóÍúäõ íóæúãðÇ ÌõáõæÓñ Ýöí ÈóíúÊö ÃóÈöí ÈóßúÑò Ýöí äóÍúÑö ÇáÙøóåöíÑóÉö¡ ÞóÇáó ÞóÇÆöáñ áöÃóÈöí ÈóßúÑò (4) : åóÐóÇ ÑóÓõæáõ Çááøóåö - Õóáøóì Çááøóåõ Úóáóíúåö æóÓóáøóãó - ãõÊóÞóäøöÚðÇ (5) Ýöí ÓóÇÚóÉò áóãú íóßõäú íóÃúÊöíäóÇ ÝöíåóǺ ÝóÞóÇáó ÃóÈõæ ÈóßúÑò: ÝöÏóÇåõ ÃóÈöí æóÃõãøöí¡ æóÇááøóåö ãóÇ ÌóÇÁó Èöåö Ýöí åóÐöåö ÇáÓøóÇÚóÉö ÅöáøóÇ ÃóãúÑñ. ÞóÇáóÊú: ÝóÌóÇÁó ÑóÓõæáõ Çááøóåö - Õóáøóì Çááøóåõ Úóáóíúåö æóÓóáøóãó - ÝóÇÓúÊóÃúÐóäó ÝóÃóÐöäó áóåõ ÝóÏóÎóáó ÝóÞóÇáó ÇáäøóÈöíøõ - Õóáøóì Çááøóåõ Úóáóíúåö æóÓóáøóãó - áöÃóÈöí ÈóßúÑò: " ÃóÎúÑöÌú ãóäú ÚöäúÏóßó " ÝóÞóÇáó ÃóÈõæ ÈóßúÑò: ÅöäøóãóÇ åõãú Ãóåúáõßó ÈöÃóÈöí ÃóäúÊó (6) íóÇ ÑóÓõæáó Çááøóåö ÞóÇáó: " ÝóÅöäøöí ÞóÏú ÃõÐöäó áöí Ýöí ÇáúÎõÑõæÌö " ÞóÇáó ÃóÈõæ ÈóßúÑò: ÇáÕøóÍóÇÈóÉó (7) íóÇ ÑóÓõæáó Çááøóåö¡ ÞóÇáó: äóÚóãú¡ ÞóÇáó ÃóÈõæ ÈóßúÑò: ÝóÎõÐú ÈöÃóÈöí ÃóäúÊó íóÇ ÑóÓõæáó Çááøóåö ÅöÍúÏóì ÑóÇÍöáóÊóíøó åóÇÊóíúäö¡ ÞóÇáó ÑóÓõæáõ Çááøóåö - Õóáøóì Çááøóåõ Úóáóíúåö æóÓóáøóãó -: " ÈöÇáËøóãóäö " ÞóÇáóÊú ÚóÇÆöÔóÉõ:
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(1) ÞóÇáó ÇÈúäõ ÍóÌóÑò (ÝóÊúÍõ ÇáúÈóÇÑøöí 7/235) : " Þóæúáõåõ: æóÑóÞó ÇáÓøóãõÑö: ÈöÝóÊúÍö ÇáúãõåúãóáóÉö æóÖóãøö Çáúãöíãö Þóæúáõåõ: æóåõæó ÇáúÎóÈóØõ: ãõÏúÑóÌñ ÃóíúÖðÇ Ýöí ÇáúÎóÈóÑö¡ æóåõæó ãöäú ÊóÝúÓöíÑö ÇáÒøõåúÑöíøö¡ æóíõÞóÇáõ: ÇáÓøóãõÑõ: ÔóÌóÑóÉõ Ãõãøö ÛöíáóÇäó¡ æóÞöíáó: ßõáøõ ãóÇ áóåõ Ùöáøñ ËóÎöíäñ¡ æóÞöíáó: ÇáÓøóãõÑõ æóÑóÞõ ÇáØøóáúÍö¡ æóÇáúÎóÈóØõ ÈöÝóÊúÍö ÇáúãõÚúÌóãóÉö æóÇáúãõæóÍøóÏóÉö) : ãóÇ íõÎúÈóØõ ÈöÇáúÚóÕóÇ ÝóíóÓúÞõØõ ãöäú æóÑóÞö ÇáÔøóÌóÑö¡ ÞóÇáó ÇÈúäõ ÝóÇÑöÓò ".
(2) ä: ÞóÇáó ÇÈúäõ ÚõÑúæóÉó¡ æóÇáúãõËúÈóÊõ åõæó ÇáøóÐöí Ýöí " ÇáúÈõÎóÇÑöíøö ".
(3) ÚóÇÆöÔóÉõ: ÓóÇÞöØóÉñ ãöäú (Ó) ¡ (È)
(4) Ó¡ È áöÃóÈöí.
(5) Þóæúáõåõ: åóÐóÇ ÑóÓõæáõ Çááøóåö ãõÊóÞóäøöÚðÇ: Ãóíú ãõÛóØøöíðÇ ÑóÃúÓóåõ.
(6) ä¡ ã: ÈöÃóÈöí æóÃõãøöí. . .
(7) ÞóÇáó ÇÈúäõ ÍóÌóÑò " ÝóÊúÍõ ÇáúÈóÇÑöí 7/235) : " ÇáÕøóÍóÇÈóÉó ÈöÇáäøóÕúÈö: Ãóíú ÃõÑöíÏõ ÇáúãõÕóÇÍóÈóÉó¡ æóíóÌõæÒõ ÇáÑøóÝúÚõ Úóáóì Ãóäøóåõ ÎóÈóÑõ ãõÈúÊóÏóÃò ãóÍúÐõæÝò.(8/443)
ÝóÌóåøóÒúäóÇåõãóÇ ÃóÍóËøó (1) ÇáúÌöåóÇÒö¡ æóÕóäóÚúäóÇ (2) áóåõãóÇ ÓõÝúÑóÉð Ýöí ÌöÑóÇÈò (3) ¡ ÝóÞóØóÚóÊú ÃóÓúãóÇÁõ ÈöäúÊõ ÃóÈöí ÈóßúÑò ÞöØúÚóÉð ãöäú äöØóÇÞöåóÇ¡ ÝóÑóÈóØóÊú Èöåö (4) Úóáóì Ýóãö ÇáúÌöÑóÇÈö ÝóÈöÐóáößó ÓõãøöíóÊú ÐóÇÊó ÇáäøöØóÇÞóíúäö¡ ÞóÇáóÊú: Ëõãøó áóÍöÞó ÑóÓõæáõ Çááøóåö - Õóáøóì Çááøóåõ Úóáóíúåö æóÓóáøóãó -[æóÃóÈõæ ÈóßúÑò] (5) ÈöÛóÇÑò Ýöí ÌóÈóáö ËóæúÑò ÝóãóßóËóÇ (6) Ýöíåö ËóáóÇËó áóíóÇáò¡ íóÈöíÊõ ÚöäúÏóåõãóÇ ÚóÈúÏõ Çááøóåö Èúäõ ÃóÈöí ÈóßúÑò¡ æóåõæó ÛõáóÇãñ ÔóÇÈøñ ËóÞöÝñ áóÞöäñ ÝóíóÏøóáöÌõ (7) ãöäú ÚöäúÏöåöãóÇ ÈöÓóÍóÑò¡ ÝóíõÕúÈöÍõ ãóÚó (8) ÞõÑóíúÔò ÈöãóßøóÉó ßóÈóÇÆöÊò¡ æóáóÇ íóÓúãóÚõ ÃóãúÑðÇ íóßóÇÏóÇäö Èöåö (9) ÅöáøóÇ æóÚóÇåõ ÍóÊøóì íóÃúÊöíóåõãóÇ ÈöÎóÈóÑö Ðóáößó Íöíäó íóÎúÊóáöØõ ÇáÙøóáóÇãõ¡ æóíóÑúÚóì ÚóáóíúåöãóÇ ÚóÇãöÑõ Èúäõ ÝõåóíúÑóÉó ãóæúáóì ÃóÈöí ÈóßúÑò ãöäúÍóÉð) (10) ãöäú Ûóäóãò¡ ÝóíõÑöíÍõåóÇ (11) ÚóáóíúåöãóÇ
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(1) Ó¡ È ÃóÍóÈøó (æóåöíó ÑöæóÇíóÉñ Ýöí ÇáúÈõÎóÇÑöíøö) æóÞóÇáó ÇÈúäõ ÍóÌóÑò: " ÃóÝúÚóáõ ÊóÝúÖöíáò ãöäó ÇáúÍóËøö æóåõæó ÇáúÅöÓúÑóÇÚõ¡ æóÝöí ÑöæóÇíóÉò áöÃóÈöí ÐóÑøò " ÃóÍóÈøó " ÈöÇáúãõæóÍøóÏóÉö¡ æóÇáúÃóæøóáõ ÃóÕóÍøõ. æóÇáúÌöåóÇÒõ. . æóåõæó ãóÇ. íõÍúÊóÇÌõ Åöáóíúåö Ýöí ÇáÓøóÝóÑö ".
(2) Ó¡ È: æóæóÖóÚúäóÇ
(3) ÞóÇáó ÇÈúäõ ÍóÌóÑò: " Þóæúáõåõ: æóÕóäóÚúäóÇ áóåõãóÇ ÓõÝúÑóÉð Ýöí ÌöÑóÇÈò: Ãóíú ÒóÇÏðÇ Ýöí ÌöÑóÇÈò¡ áöÃóäøó ÃóÕúáó ÇáÓøõÝúÑóÉö Ýöí ÇááøõÛóÉö ÇáÒøóÇÏõ ÇáøóÐöí íõÕúäóÚõ áöáúãõÓóÇÝöÑö¡ Ëõãøó ÇáúãõÓúÊóÚúãóáõ Ýöí æöÚóÇÁö ÇáÒøóÇÏö ".
(4) ä¡ ã¡ Ó: ÝóÑóÈóØóÊúåõ.
(5) æóÃóÈõæ ÈóßúÑò: ÓóÇÞöØóÉñ ãöäú (ä) ¡ (ã) ¡ (Ó) . æóåöíó Ýöí " ÇáúÈõÎóÇÑöíøö "
(6) ÇáúÈõÎóÇÑöíøõ: ÝóßóãóäøóÇ.
(7) ÞóÇáó ÇÈúäõ ÍóÌóÑò (ÝóÊúÍõ ÇáúÈóÇÑøöí 7/237) : " Þóæúáõåõ: ËóÞöÝñ (ÈöÝóÊúÍö ÇáúãõËóáøóËóÉö æóßóÓúÑö ÇáúÞóÇÝö æóíóÌõæÒõ ÅöÓúßóÇäõåóÇ æóÝóÊúÍõåóÇ æóÈóÚúÏóåóÇ ÝóÇÁñ: ÇáúÍóÇÐöÞõ. . . Þóæúáõåõ: áóÞöäñ (ÈöÝóÊúÍö ÇááøóÇãö æóßóÓúÑö ÇáúÞóÇÝö ÈóÚúÏóåóÇ äõæäñ) ÇááøóÞöäõ: ÇáÓøóÑöíÚõ ÇáúÝóåúãö. Þóæúáõåõ: ÝóíóÏøóáöÌõ (ÈöÊóÔúÏöíÏö ÇáÏøóÇáö ÈóÚúÏóåóÇ Ìöíãñ: Ãóíú íóÎúÑõÌõ ÈöÓóÍóÑò Åöáóì ãóßøóÉó ".
(8) ã: Ýöí.
(9) ÞóÇáó ÇÈúäõ ÍóÌóÑò: " Ãóíú íóØúáõÈõ áóåõãóÇ Ýöíåö ÇáúãóßúÑõæåõ¡ æóåõæó ãöäó ÇáúßóíúÏö "
(10) ä¡ Ó: ÈöãöäúÍóÉò¡ ã: áöãöäúÍóÉò.
(11) 11) ä¡ ã¡ Ó: æóíõÑúÈöÍõåóÇ.(8/444)
Íöíäó ÊóÐúåóÈõ ÓóÇÚóÉñ ãöäó Çááøóíúáö¡ ÝóíóÈöíÊóÇäö Ýöí ÑöÓúáò (1) ¡ æóåõæó áóÈóäõ ãöäúÍóÊöåöãóÇ æóÑóÖöíÝöåöãóÇ (2) ÍóÊøóì íóäúÚóÞó ÈöåóÇ (3) ÚóÇãöÑñ ÈöÛóáóÓò íóÝúÚóáõ Ðóáößó Ýöí ßõáøö áóíúáóÉò ãöäú Êöáúßó ÇááøóíóÇáöí ÇáËøóáóÇËö¡ æóÇÓúÊóÃúÌóÑó ÑóÓõæáõ Çááøóåö - Õóáøóì Çááøóåõ Úóáóíúåö æóÓóáøóãó -[æóÃóÈõæ ÈóßúÑò] (4) ÑóÌõáðÇ ãóäú Èóäöí ÇáÏøöíáö¡ æóåõæó ãöäú Èóäöí ÚóÈúÏö Èúäö ÚóÏöíøò åóÇÏöíðÇ ÎöÑøöíÊðÇ æóÇáúÎöÑøöíÊõ: ÇáúãóÇåöÑõ ÈöÇáúåöÏóÇíóÉö (5) (6) (7) Ýöí Âáö ÇáúÚóÇÕö Èúäö æóÇÆöáò ÇáÓøóåúãöíøö¡ æóåõæó Úóáóì Ïöíäö ßóÝøóÇÑö ÞõÑóíúÔò¡ ÝóÃóãöäóÇåõ¡ ÝóÏóÝóÚóÇ Åöáóíúåö ÑóÇÍöáóÊóíúåöãóÇ æóæóÇÚóÏóÇåõ (8) ÛóÇÑó ËóæúÑò ÈóÚúÏó ËóáóÇËö áóíóÇáò ÝóÃóÊóÇåõãóÇ ÈöÑóÇÍöáóÊóíúåöãóÇ ÕõÈúÍó ËóáóÇËò¡ ÝóÇäúØóáóÞó ãóÚóåõãóÇ ÚóÇãöÑõ Èúäõ ÝõåóíúÑóÉó æóÇáÏøóáöíáõ æóÃóÎóÐó ÈöåöãóÇ ØóÑöíÞó ÇáÓøóÇÍöáö» " ÞóÇáó ÇÈúäõ ÔöåóÇÈò: ÝóÃóÎúÈóÑóäöí ÚóÈúÏõ ÇáÑøóÍúãóäö Èúäõ ãóÇáößò ÇáúãõÏúáöÌöíøõ¡ æóåõæó ÇÈúäõ ÃóÎöí ÓõÑóÇÞóÉó Èúäö ãóÇáößö Èúäö ÌõÚúÔõãò Ãóäøó ÃóÈóÇåõ ÃóÎúÈóÑóåõ Ãóäøóåõ ÓóãöÚó ÓõÑóÇÞóÉó Èúäó ÌõÚúÔõãò íóÞõæáõ: " ÌóÇÁóäóÇ ÑõÓõáõ ßõÝøóÇÑö ÞõÑóíúÔò íóÌúÚóáõæäó Ýöí ÑóÓõæáö Çááøóåö - Õóáøóì Çááøóåõ Úóáóíúåö æóÓóáøóãó -
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(1) ÑöÓúáò: åõæó ÇááøóÈóäõ ÇáØøóÑöíøõ
(2) ä¡ ã: æóæóÕöíÝöåöãóÇ¡ Ó: æóæóÖöíÝöåöãóÇ. æóÇáúãõËúÈóÊõ ãöäó (È) ¡ ÇáúÈõÎóÇÑöíøö. æóåõæó ÇááøóÈóäõ ÇáøóÐöí æõÖöÚóÊú Ýöíåö ÇáúÍöÌóÇÑóÉõ ÇáúãõÍúãóÇÉõ ÈöÇáÔøóãúÓö Ãóæö ÇáäøóÇÑö áöíóäúÚóÞöÏó æóÊóÒõæáó ÑóÎóÇæóÊõåõ.
(3) ä¡ ã¡ Ó: ÍóÊøóì íóÃúÊöíóåõãóÇ. æóÇáúãõËúÈóÊõ ãöäú (È) ¡ ÇáúÈõÎóÇÑöíøö.
(4) æóÃóÈõæ ÈóßúÑò: ÓóÇÞöØóÉñ ãöäú (ä) ¡ (ã) ¡ (Ó) ¡ æóåöíó Ýöí (È) ¡ ÇáúÈõÎóÇÑöíøö.
(5) ÞóÇáó ÇÈúäõ ÍóÌóÑò: " æóÇáúÎöÑøöíÊõ: ÇáúãóÇåöÑõ ÈöÇáúåöÏóÇíóÉö: åõæó ãõÏúÑóÌñ Ýöí ÇáúÎóÈóÑö ãöäú ßóáóÇãö ÇáÒøõåúÑöíøö¡ Èóíøóäóåõ ÇÈúäõ ÓóÚúÏò¡. . . ÞóÇáó ÇÈúäõ ÓóÚúÏò¡ æóÞóÇáó ÇáúÃóÕúãóÚöíøõ: ÅöäøóãóÇ Óõãøöíó ÎöÑøöíÊðÇ áöÃóäøóåõ íóåúÏöí ÈöãöËúáö ÎóÑúÊö ÇáúÅöÈúÑóÉö Ãóíú ËõÞúÈöåóÇ¡ æóÞóÇáó ÛóíúÑõåõ: Þöíáó áóåõ Ðóáößó áöÃóäøóåõ íóåúÊóÏöí áöÃõÎúÑóÇÊö ÇáúãóÛóÇÒóÉö æóåöíó ØõÑõÞõåóÇ ÇáúÎóÝöíøóÉõ ".
(6) - ÞóÏú ÛóãóÓó ÍöáúÝðÇ
(7) ÞóÇáó ÇÈúäõ ÍóÌóÑò: " Ãóíú ßóÇäó ÍóáöíÝðÇ¡ æóßóÇäõæÇ ÅöÐóÇ ÊóÍóÇáóÝõæÇ ÛóãóÓõæÇ ÃóíúãóÇäóåõãú Ýöí Ïóãò Ãóæú ÎóáõæÞò Ãóæú Ýöí ÔóíúÁò íóßõæäõ Ýöíåö ÊóÎóÇæõÊõåõ.
(8) ä¡ ã¡ Ó: ÝóæóÇÚóÏóÇåõ.(8/445)
æóÃóÈöí ÈóßúÑò ÏöíóÉó ßõáøö æóÇÍöÏò ãöäúåõãóÇ áöãóäú ÞóÊóáóåõ Ãóæú ÃóÓóÑóåõ¡ ÝóÈóíúäóãóÇ ÃóäóÇ ÌóÇáöÓñ Ýöí ãóÌúáöÓò ãöäú ãóÌóÇáöÓö Þóæúãöí Èóäöí ãõÏúáöÌò ÅöÐú ÃóÞúÈóáó ÑóÌõáñ ãöäúåõãú ÍóÊøóì ÞóÇãó ÚóáóíúäóÇ æóäóÍúäõ ÌõáõæÓñ¡ ÝóÞóÇáó: íóÇ ÓõÑóÇÞóÉõ Åöäøöí ÞóÏú ÑóÃóíúÊõ ÂäöÝðÇ ÃóÓúæöÏóÉó (1) ÈöÇáÓøóÇÍöáö: ÃóÑóÇåóÇ ãõÍóãøóÏðÇ æóÃóÕúÍóÇÈóåõ¡ ÞóÇáó ÓõÑóÇÞóÉõ: ÝóÚóÑóÝúÊõ Ãóäøóåõãú åõãú¡ ÝóÞõáúÊõ [áóåõ] (2) : Åöäøóåõãú áóíúÓõæÇ Èöåöãú æóáóßöäøóßó ÑóÃóíúÊó ÝõáóÇäðÇ æóÝõáóÇäðÇ ÇäúØóáóÞóÇ ÈöÃóÚúíõäöäóÇ (3) ¡ Ëõãøó áóÈöËúÊõ Ýöí ÇáúãóÌúáöÓö ÓóÇÚóÉð¡ Ëõãøó ÞõãúÊõ ÝóÃóãóÑúÊõ ÌóÇÑöíóÊöí Ãóäú ÊóÎúÑõÌó ÈöÝóÑóÓöí ãöäú æóÑóÇÁö ÃóßóãóÉò ÝóÊóÍúÈöÓõåóÇ Úóáóíøó¡ æóÃóÎóÐúÊõ ÑõãúÍöí¡ Ëõãøó ÎóÑóÌúÊõ Èöåö ãöäú ÙóåúÑö ÇáúÈóíúÊö¡ ÝóÍóØóØúÊõ ÈöÒõÌøóÉö ÇáúÃóÑúÖö æóÎóÝóÖúÊõ ÚóÇáöíóåõ (4) ÍóÊøóì ÃóÊóíúÊõ ÝóÑóÓöí ÝóÑóßöÈúÊõåóÇ¡ ÝóÑóÝóÚúÊõåóÇ ÊõÞóÑøöÈõ Èöí (5) ÍóÊøóì ÏóäóæúÊõ ãöäúåõãú¡ ÝóÚóËóÑóÊú ÝóÑóÓöí¡ ÝóÎóÑóÑúÊõ ÚóäúåóÇ ÝóÞõãúÊõ ÝóÃóåúæóíúÊõ ÈöíóÏöí Åöáóì ßöäóÇäóÊöí¡ ÝóÇÓúÊóÎúÑóÌúÊõ ãöäúåóÇ ÇáúÃóÒúáóÇãó¡ ÝóÇÓúÊóÞúÓóãúÊõ ÈöåóÇ (6) : ÃóÖõÑøõåõãú
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(1) ÞóÇáó ÇÈúäõ ÍóÌóÑò: " ÃóÓúæöÏóÉõ: Ãóíú ÃóÔúÎóÇÕðÇ ".
(2) áóåõ: ÓóÇÞöØóÉñ ãöäú (ä) ¡ (ã) ¡ (Ó) .
(3) ä¡ ã¡ Ó: ÚóíúäðÇ æóÇáúãõËúÈóÊõ ãöäó (È) ÇáúÈõÎóÇÑöíøö. æóÞóÇáó ÇÈúäõ ÍóÌóÑò: " Ãóíú Ýöí äóÙóÑöäóÇ ãõÚóÇíóäóÉñ íóÈúÊóÛõæäó ÖóÇáøóÉð áóåõãú "
(4) ã: æóÍóÝöÙúÊõ Åöáóíúåö¡ Ó: æóÍóÝöÙúÊõ Úóáóíúåö. æóÇáúãõËúÈóÊõ Ýöí (ä) æó (È) ÇáúÈõÎóÇÑöíøö æóÞóÇáó ÇÈúäõ ÍóÌóÑò: " ÝóÎóØóØúÊõ: ÈöÇáúãõÚúÌóãóÉö¡ æóáöáúßóÔúãóíúåóäöíøö æóÇáúÃõÕóíúáöíøö ÈöÇáúãõåúãóáóÉö¡ Ãóíú Ãóãúßóäóåõ ÃóÓúÝóáóåõ æóÞóæúáõåõ: ÈöÒõÌøóÉò: ÇáÒøõÌøõ ÈöÖóãøö ÇáÒøóÇíö ÈóÚúÏóåóÇ Ìöíãñ: ÇáúÍóÏöíÏóÉõ ÇáøóÊöí Ýöí ÃóÓúÝóáö ÇáÑøõãúÍö. . . Þóæúáõåõ: " æóÎóÝóÖúÊõ " Ãóíú ÃóãúÓóßóåõ ÈöíóÏöåö æóÌóÑøó ÒõÌøóåõ Úóáóì ÇáúÃóÑúÖö ÝóÎóØøóåóÇ Èöåö áöÆóáøóÇ íóÙúåóÑó ÈóÑöíÞõåõ áöãóäú ÈóÚõÏó ãöäúåõ¡ áöÃóäøóåõ ßóÑöåó Ãóäú íóÊúÈóÚóåõ ãöäúåõãú ÃóÍóÏñ ÝóíóÔúÑóßõæåõ Ýöí ÇáúÌóÚóÇáóÉö ".
(5) ä: äóÝóÑóÊú Èöí. æóÞóÇáó ÇÈúäõ ÍóÌóÑò: " ÇáÊøóÞúÑöíÈõ: ÇáÓøóíúÑõ Ïõæäó ÇáúÚóÏúæö æóÝóæúÞó ÇáúÚóÇÏóÉö "
(6) ÞóÇáó ÇÈúäõ ÍóÌóÑò: " æóÇáúÃóÒúáóÇãõ: åöíó ÇáúÃóÞúÏóÇÍõ æóåöíó ÇáÓøöåóÇãõ ÇáøóÊöí áóÇ ÑöíÔó áóåóÇ æóáóÇ äóÕúáó ". æóÝöí " áöÓóÇäö ÇáúÚóÑóÈö ": " æóÇÓúÊóÞúÓöãõæÇ ÈöÇáúÃóÞúÏóÇÍö: ÞóÓøóãõæÇ ÇáúÌóÒõæÑó Úóáóì ãöÞúÏóÇÑö ÍõÙõæÙöåöãú ãöäúåóÇ ".(8/446)
ÃóÑõÏøõåõ ÝóÂÎõÐõ ÇáúãöÇÆóÉó äóÇÞóÉò Ãóãú áóÇ¿ ÝóÎóÑóÌó ÇáøóÐöí ÃóßúÑóåõ (1) ¡ ÝóÑóßöÈúÊõ [ÝóÑóÓöí] (2) - æóÚóÕóíúÊõ ÇáúÃóÒúáóÇãó - ÊõÞóÑøöÈõ [Èöí] ÍóÊøóì [ÅöÐóÇ] ÓóãöÚúÊõ (3) ÞöÑóÇÁóÉó ÑóÓõæáö Çááøóåö - Õóáøóì Çááøóåõ Úóáóíúåö æóÓóáøóãó - æóåõæó áóÇ íóáúÊóÝöÊõ¡ æóÃóÈõæ ÈóßúÑò íõßúËöÑõ ÇáöÇáúÊöÝóÇÊó¡ ÓóÇÎóÊú (4) íóÏóÇ ÝóÑóÓöí Ýöí ÇáúÃóÑúÖö ÍóÊøóì ÈóáóÛóÊóÇ ÇáÑøõßúÈóÊóíúäö¡ ÝóÎóÑóÑúÊõ ÚóäúåóÇ¡ Ëõãøó ÒóÌóÑúÊõåóÇ ÝóäóåóÖóÊú Ýóáóãú ÊóßóÏú ÊõÎúÑöÌõ íóÏóíúåóÇ¡ ÝóáóãøóÇ ÇÓúÊóæóÊú ÞóÇÆöãóÉð ÅöÐóÇ áóÃóËóÑö íóÏóíúåóÇ (5) ÛõÈóÇÑñ (6) ÓóÇØöÚñ Ýöí ÇáÓøóãóÇÁö ãöËúáó ÇáÏøõÎóÇäö¡ ÝóÇÓúÊóÞúÓóãúÊõ ÈöÇáúÃóÒúáóÇãö ÝóÎóÑóÌó ÇáøóÐöí ÃóßúÑóåõ¡ ÝóäóÇÏóíúÊõåõãú ÈöÇáúÃóãóÇäö ÝóæóÞóÝõæǺ ÝóÑóßöÈúÊõ ÝóÑóÓöí ÍóÊøóì ÌöÆúÊõåõãú¡ æóæóÞóÚó Ýöí äóÝúÓöí Íöíäó áóÞöíÊõ ãóÇ áóÞöíÊõ ãöäó ÇáúÍóÈúÓö Úóäúåõãú Ãóäú ÓóíóÙúåóÑõ ÃóãúÑõ (7) ÑóÓõæáö Çááøóåö - Õóáøóì Çááøóåõ Úóáóíúåö æóÓóáøóãó (8) ".
ÇáúæóÌúåõ ÇáúÎóÇãöÓõ: Ãóäøóåõ áóãøóÇ ßóÇäó Ýöí ÇáúÛóÇÑö ßóÇäó íóÃúÊöíåö ÈöÇáúÃóÎúÈóÇÑö ÚóÈúÏõ Çááøóåö Èúäõ ÃóÈöí ÈóßúÑò¡ æóßóÇäó ãóÚóåõãóÇ ÚóÇãöÑõ Èúäõ ÝõåóíúÑóÉó ßóãóÇ ÊóÞóÏøóãó Ðóáößó¡ ÝóßóÇäó íõãúßöäõåõ Ãóäú
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(1) ÞóÇáó ÇÈúäõ ÍóÌóÑò: " ÝóÎóÑóÌó ÇáøóÐöí ÃóßúÑóåõ: Ãóíú áóÇ ÊóÖõÑøõåõãú¡ æóÕóÑøóÍó Èöåö ÇáúÅöÓúãóÇÚöíáöíøõ æóãõæÓóì æóÇÈúäõ ÅöÓúÍóÇÞó æóÒóÇÏó: æóßõäúÊõ ÃóÑúÌõæ Ãóäú ÃóÑõÏøóåõ ÝóÂÎõÐõ ÇáúãöÇÆóÉó äóÇÞóÉò ".
(2) ÝóÑóÓöí ÓóÇÞöØóÉñ ãöäú (ä) ¡ (ã) ¡ (Ó) . æóåöíó Ýöí (È) ¡ ÇáúÈõÎóÇÑöíøö
(3) ä¡ ã¡ Ó: ÝóÞóÑõÈúÊõ ÍóÊøóì ÓóãöÚúÊõ. æóÇáúãõËúÈóÊõ ãöäó (È) ¡ ÇáúÈõÎóÇÑöíøö.
(4) Ãóíú ÛóÇÕóÊú.
(5) ä: ÅöÐóÇ ÇáúÃóãúÑõ íóÏóíúåóÇ¡ ÅöÐóÇ ÇáúÃóãúÑõ ÈóÏúåðÇ. æóÇáúãõËúÈóÊõ ãöäú (ã) ¡ (È) ¡ ÇáúÈõÎóÇÑöíøö.
(6) ÇáúÈõÎóÇÑöíøö: ÚõËóÇäñ. æóÝöí ÑöæóÇíóÉò Ýöíåö: ÛõÈóÇÑñ æóÚõËóÇäñ. Ãóíú ÏõÎóÇäñ.
(7) ÃóãúÑõ: ÓóÇÞöØóÉñ ãöäú (ã) .
(8) - ÇáúÍóÏöíËõ - ÈöÃóáúÝóÇÙò ãõÞóÇÑóÈóÉò Úóäú ÚóÇÆöÔóÉó ÑóÖöíó Çááøóåõ ÚóäúåóÇ Ýöí: ÇáúÈõÎóÇÑöíøö 5/58 - 6 - (ßöÊóÇÈõ ãóäóÇÞöÈö ÇáúÃóäúÕóÇÑö¡ ÈóÇÈõ åöÌúÑóÉö ÇáäøóÈöíøö - Õóáøóì Çááøóåõ Úóáóíúåö æóÓóáøóãó - æóÃóÕúÍóÇÈöåö Åöáóì ÇáúãóÏöíäóÉö) æóÌóÇÁó ÇáúÍóÏöíËõ ãõÎúÊóÕóÑðÇ Ýöí: ÇáúÈõÎóÇÑöíøö 3/96 - 97 (ßöÊóÇÈõ ÇáúßóÝóÇáóÉö¡ ÈóÇÈõ ÌöæóÇÑö ÃóÈöí ÈóßúÑò Ýöí ÚóåúÏö ÇáäøóÈöíøö - Õóáøóì Çááøóåõ Úóáóíúåö æóÓóáøóãó - æóÚóÞúÏöåö) .(8/447)
íõÚúáöãóåõãú ÈöÎóÈóÑöåö.
ÇáÓøóÇÏöÓõ: Ãóäøóåõ ÅöÐóÇ ßóÇäó ßóÐóáößó¡ æóÇáúÚóÏõæøõ (1) ÞóÏú ÌóÇÁó Åöáóì ÇáúÛóÇÑö¡ æóãóÔóæúÇ ÝóæúÞóåõ¡ ßóÇäó íõãúßöäõåõ ÍöíäóÆöÐò Ãóäú íóÎúÑõÌó ãöäó ÇáúÛóÇÑö¡ æóíõäúÐöÑó ÇáúÚóÏõæøó Èöåö¡ æóåõæó æóÍúÏõåõ áóíúÓó ãóÚóåõ ÃóÍóÏñ íóÍúãöíåö ãöäúåõ æóãöäó ÇáúÚóÏõæøöº Ýóãóäú íóßõæäõ ãõÈúÛöÖðÇ áöÔóÎúÕò ØóÇáöÈðÇ áöÅöåúáóÇßöåö íóäúÊóåöÒõ ÇáúÝõÑúÕóÉó Ýöí ãöËúáö åóÐöåö ÇáúÍóÇáö ÇáøóÊöí áóÇ íóÙúÝóÑõ ÝöíåóÇ ÚóÏõæøñ ÈöÚóÏõæøöåö ÅöáøóÇ ÃóÎóÐóåõº ÝóÅöäøóåõ æóÍúÏóåõ Ýöí ÇáúÛóÇÑö æóÇáúÚóÏõæøõ ÞóÏú ÕóÇÑõæÇ (2) ÚöäúÏó ÇáúÛóÇÑö¡ æóáóíúÓó áöãóäú Ýöí ÇáúÛóÇÑö åõäóÇßó ãóäú íóÏúÝóÚõ Úóäúåõ¡ æóÃõæáóÆößó åõãõ ÇáúÚóÏõæøõ ÇáÙøóÇåöÑõæäó ÇáúÛóÇáöÈõæäó ÇáúãõÊóÓóáøöØõæäó ÈöãóßøóÉó¡ áóíúÓó ÈöãóßøóÉó ãóäú íóÎóÇÝõæäóåõ ÅöÐóÇ ÃóÎóÐõæåõº ÝóÅöäú ßóÇäó ÃóÈõæ ÈóßúÑò ãóÚóåõãú ãõÈóÇØöäðÇ áóåõãú ßóÇäó ÇáÏøóÇÚöí Åöáóì ÃóÎúÐöåö ÊóÇãøðÇ¡ æóÇáúÞõÏúÑóÉõ ÊóÇãøóÉð¡ æóÅöÐóÇ ÇÌúÊóãóÚó ÇáúÞõÏúÑóÉõ ÇáÊøóÇãøóÉõ æóÇáÏøóÇÚöí ÇáÊøóÇãøõ æóÌóÈó æõÌõæÏõ ÇáúÝöÚúáöº ÝóÍóíúËõ áóãú íõæÌóÏú Ïóáøó Úóáóì ÇäúÊöÝóÇÁö ÇáÏøóÇÚöí¡ Ãóæö ÇäúÊöÝóÇÁö ÇáúÞõÏúÑóÉö¡ æóÇáúÞõÏúÑóÉõ ãóæúÌõæÏóÉñº ÝóÚóáöãó ÇäúÊöÝóÇÁó ÇáÏøóÇÚöí æóÃóäøó ÃóÈóÇ ÈóßúÑò áóãú íóßõäú áóåõ ÛóÑóÖñ Ýöí ÃóÐóÇåõ¡ ßóãóÇ íóÚúáóãõ Ðóáößó ÌóãöíÚõ ÇáäøóÇÓö ÅöáøóÇ ãóäú ÃóÚúãóì Çááøóåõ ÞóáúÈóåõ.
æóãöäú åóÄõáóÇÁö ÇáúãõÝúÊóÑöíäó ãóäú íóÞõæáõ: Åöäøó ÃóÈóÇ ÈóßúÑò ßóÇäó íõÔöíÑõ ÈöÅöÕúÈóÚöåö Åöáóì ÇáúÚóÏõæøö íóÏõáøõåõãú (3) Úóáóì ÇáäøóÈöíøö - Õóáøóì Çááøóåõ Úóáóíúåö æóÓóáøóãó -¡ ÝóáóÏóÛóÊúåõ ÍóíøóÉñ (4) ÝóÑóÏøóåóÇ ÍóÊøóì ßóÝøóÊú Úóäúåõ ÇáúÃóáóãó¡ æóÃóäøó ÇáäøóÈöíøó - Õóáøóì Çááøóåõ Úóáóíúåö æóÓóáøóãó - ÞóÇáó áóåõ: Åöäú äóßóËúÊó äóßóËó íóÏõßó¡ æóÅöäøóåõ äóßóËó ÈóÚúÏó Ðóáößó¡ ÝóãóÇÊó ãöäúåóÇ¡ æóåóÐóÇ íóÙúåóÑõ ßóÐöÈõåõ ãöäú æõÌõæåò äóÈøóåúäóÇ Úóáóì ÈóÚúÖöåóÇ.
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(1) ã: ÝóÇáúÚóÏõæøõ
(2) ã: ÞóÏú ÕóÇÑó
(3) Ó¡ È: æóíóÏõáøõåõãú
(4) ä¡ ã: ÇáúÍóíøóÉõ.(8/448)
æóãöäúåõãú ãóäú ÞóÇáó: ÃóÙúåóÑó ßóÚúÈóåõ áöíóÔúÚõÑõæÇ Èöåö¡ ÝóáóÏúÛóÊúåõ ÇáúÍóíøóÉõ¡ æóåóÐóÇ ãöäú äóãóØö ÇáøóÐöí ÞóÈúáóåõ.
[ÝÕá Þæá ÇáÑÇÝÖí Åä ÇáÂíÉ ÊÏá Úáì äÞÕ ÎæÑ ÃÈí ÈßÑ æóÞöáøóÉö ÕóÈúÑöåö æóÚóÏóãö íóÞöíäöåö æóÚóÏóãö ÑöÖóÇåõ æÇáÑÏ Úáíå]
ÝóÕúáñ.
æóÃóãøóÇ Þóæúáõ ÇáÑøóÇÝöÖöíøö: " ÇáúÂíóÉõ ÊóÏõáøõ Úóáóì äóÞúÕöåö¡ áöÞóæúáöåö ÊóÚóÇáóì: {áóÇ ÊóÍúÒóäú Åöäøó Çááøóåó ãóÚóäóÇ} [ÓõæÑóÉõ ÇáÊøóæúÈóÉö: 40] ÝóÅöäøóåõ íóÏõáøõ Úóáóì ÎóæóÑöåö¡ æóÞöáøóÉö ÕóÈúÑöåö¡ æóÚóÏóãö íóÞöíäöåö æóÚóÏóãö ÑöÖóÇåõ ÈöãõÓóÇæóÇÊöåö áöáäøóÈöíøö Õóáøóì Çááøóåõ Úóáóíúåö æóÓóáøóãó æóÈöÞóÖóÇÁö Çááøóåö æóÞóÏóÑöåö ".
ÝóÇáúÌóæóÇÈõ: ÃóæøóáðÇ: Ãóäøó åóÐóÇ íõäóÇÞöÖõ Þóæúáóßõãú: " Åöäøóåõ ÇÓúÊóÕúÍóÈóåõ ÍóÐóÑðÇ ãöäúåõ áöÆóáøóÇ íóÙúåóÑó ÃóãúÑõåõ " ÝóÅöäøóåõ ÅöÐóÇ ßóÇäó ÚóÏõæøóåõ¡ æóßóÇäó ãõÈóÇØöäðÇ áóÚöÏóÇåõ ÇáøóÐöíäó íóØúáõÈõæäóåõ¡ ßóÇäó íóäúÈóÛöí Ãóäú íóÝúÑóÍó æóíõÓóÑøó æóíóØúãóÆöäøó ÅöÐóÇ ÌóÇÁó ÇáúÚóÏõæøõ¡ æóÃóíúÖðÇ ÝóÇáúÚóÏõæøõ ÞóÏú ÌóÇÁõæÇ æóãóÔóæúÇ ÝóæúÞó ÇáúÛóÇÑö ÝóßóÇäó íóäúÈóÛöí Ãóäú íõäúÐöÑóåõãú Èöåö.
æóÃóíúÖðÇ ÝóßóÇäó ÇáøóÐöí íóÃúÊöíåö ÈöÃóÎúÈóÇÑö ÞõÑóíúÔò ÇÈúäõåõ ÚóÈúÏõ Çááøóåö¡ ÝóßóÇäó íõãúßöäõåõ Ãóäú íóÃúãõÑó ÇÈúäóåõ Ãóäú íõÎúÈöÑó Èöåöãú ÞõÑóíúÔðÇ.
æóÃóíúÖðÇ ÝóÛõáóÇãõåõ ÚóÇãöÑõ Èúäõ ÝõåóíúÑóÉó åõæó ÇáøóÐöí ßóÇäó ãóÚóåõ ÑóæóÇÍöáõåõãóÇ ÝóßóÇäó íõãúßöäõåõ Ãóäú íóÞõæáó áöÛõáóÇãöåö: ÃóÎúÈöÑúåõãú Èöåö.
ÝóßóáóÇãõåõãú Ýöí åóÐóÇ íõÈúØöáõ Þóæúáóåõãú: Åöäøóåõ ßóÇäó ãõäóÇÝöÞðÇ æóíõËúÈöÊõ Ãóäøóåõ ßóÇäó ãõÄúãöäðÇ Èöåö.
æóÇÚúáóãú Ãóäøóåõ áóíúÓó Ýöí ÇáúãõåóÇÌöÑöíäó ãõäóÇÝöÞñ¡ æóÅöäøóãóÇ ßóÇäó ÇáäøöÝóÇÞõ Ýöí ÞóÈóÇÆöáö ÇáúÃóäúÕóÇÑö¡ áöÃóäøó ÃóÍóÏðÇ áóãú íõåóÇÌöÑú ÅöáøóÇ ÈöÇÎúÊöíóÇÑöåö¡ æóÇáúßóÇÝöÑõ ÈöãóßøóÉó áóãú íóßõäú íóÎúÊóÇÑõ(8/449)
ÇáúåöÌúÑóÉó¡ æóãõÝóÇÑóÞóÉó æóØóäöåö æóÃóåúáöåö áöäóÕúÑö ÚóÏõæøöåö¡ æóÅöäøóãóÇ íóÎúÊóÇÑõåóÇ ÇáøóÐöíäó æóÕóÝóåõãõ Çááøóåõ ÊóÚóÇáóì ÈöÞóæúáöåö: {áöáúÝõÞóÑóÇÁö ÇáúãõåóÇÌöÑöíäó ÇáøóÐöíäó ÃõÎúÑöÌõæÇ ãöäú ÏöíÇÑöåöãú æóÃóãúæóÇáöåöãú íóÈúÊóÛõæäó ÝóÖúáðÇ ãöäó Çááøóåö æóÑöÖúæóÇäðÇ æóíóäúÕõÑõæäó Çááøóåó æóÑóÓõæáóåõ ÃõæáóÆößó åõãõ ÇáÕøóÇÏöÞõæäó} [ÓõæÑóÉõ ÇáúÍóÔúÑö: 8] .
æóÞóæúáöåö: {ÃõÐöäó áöáøóÐöíäó íõÞóÇÊóáõæäó ÈöÃóäøóåõãú ÙõáöãõæÇ æóÅöäøó Çááøóåó Úóáóì äóÕúÑöåöãú áóÞóÏöíÑñ ÇáøóÐöíäó ÃõÎúÑöÌõæÇ ãöäú ÏöíóÇÑöåöãú ÈöÛóíúÑö ÍóÞøò ÅöáøóÇ Ãóäú íóÞõæáõæÇ ÑóÈøõäóÇ Çááøóåõ} [ÓõæÑóÉõ ÇáúÍóÌøö: 39¡ 40] .
æóÃóÈõæ ÈóßúÑò ÃóÝúÖóáõ åóÄõáóÇÁö ßõáøöåöãú.
æóÅöÐóÇ ßóÇäó åóÐóÇ ÇáúßóáóÇãõ íóÓúÊóáúÒöãõ ÅöíãóÇäóåõ ÝóãóÚúáõæãñ Ãóäøó ÇáÑøóÓõæáó áóÇ íóÎúÊóÇÑõ áöãõÕóÇÍóÈóÊöåö Ýöí ÓóÝóÑö åöÌúÑóÊöåö ÇáøóÐöí åõæó ÃóÚúÙóãõ ÇáúÃóÓúÝóÇÑö ÎóæúÝðÇ¡ æóåõæó ÇáÓøóÝóÑõ ÇáøóÐöí ÌõÚöáó ãóÈúÏóÃó ÇáÊøóÇÑöíÎö áöÌóáóÇáóÉö ÞóÏúÑöåö Ýöí ÇáäøõÝõæÓö æóáöÙõåõæÑö ÃóãúÑöåö¡ ÝóÅöäøó ÇáÊøóÇÑöíÎó áóÇ íóßõæäõ ÅöáøóÇ ÈöÃóãúÑò ÙóÇåöÑò ãóÚúáõæãò áöÚóÇãøóÉö ÇáäøóÇÓö áóÇ íóÓúÊóÕúÍöÈõ ÇáÑøóÓõæáõ Ýöíåö ãóäú íóÎúÊóÕøõ ÈöÕõÍúÈóÊöåö ÅöáøóÇ æóåõæó ãöäú ÃóÚúÙóãö ÇáäøóÇÓö ØõãóÃúäöíäóÉð Åöáóíúåö æóæõËõæÞðÇ Èöåö.
æóíóßúÝöí åóÐóÇ Ýöí ÝóÖóÇÆöáö ÇáÕøöÏøöíÞö¡ æóÊóãúíöíÒöåö Úóáóì (1) ÛóíúÑöåö¡ æóåóÐóÇ ãöäú ÝóÖóÇÆöáö ÇáÕøöÏøöíÞö ÇáøóÊöí áóãú íóÔúÑóßúåõ ÝöíåóÇ ÛóíúÑõåõ¡ æóãöãøóÇ íóÏõáøõ Úóáóì Ãóäøóåõ ÃóÝúÖóáõ ÃóÕúÍóÇÈö ÑóÓõæáö Çááøóåö Õóáøóì Çááøóåõ Úóáóíúåö æóÓóáøóãó ÚöäúÏóåõ.
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(1) ã: Úóäú.(8/450)
ÝóÕúáñ.
æóÃóãøóÇ Þóæúáõåõ: " Åöäøóåõ íóÏõáøõ Úóáóì äóÞúÕöåö ".
ÝóäóÞõæáõ: ÃóæøóáðÇ: ÇáäøóÞúÕõ äóæúÚóÇäö äóÞúÕñ íõäóÇÝöí ÅöíãóÇäóåõ¡ æóäóÞúÕñ Úóãøóäú åõæó Ãóßúãóáõ ãöäúåõ.
ÝóÅöäú ÃóÑóÇÏó ÇáúÃóæøóáó Ýóåõæó ÈóÇØöáñ¡ ÝóÅöäøó Çááøóåó ÊóÚóÇáóì ÞóÇáó áöäóÈöíøöåö Õóáøóì Çááøóåõ Úóáóíúåö æóÓóáøóãó {æóáóÇ ÊóÍúÒóäú Úóáóíúåöãú æóáóÇ Êóßõ Ýöí ÖóíúÞò ãöãøóÇ íóãúßõÑõæäó} [ÓõæÑóÉõ ÇáäøóÍúáö: 127] .
æóÞóÇáó áöáúãõÄúãöäöíäó ÚóÇãøóÉð: {æóáóÇ ÊóåöäõæÇ æóáóÇ ÊóÍúÒóäõæÇ æóÃóäúÊõãõ ÇáúÃóÚúáóæúäó} [ÓõæÑóÉõ Âáö ÚöãúÑóÇäó: 139] .
æóÞóÇáó: {æóáóÞóÏú ÂÊóíúäóÇßó ÓóÈúÚðÇ ãöäó ÇáúãóËóÇäöí æóÇáúÞõÑúÂäó ÇáúÚóÙöíãó áóÇ ÊóãõÏøóäøó Úóíúäóíúßó Åöáóì ãóÇ ãóÊøóÚúäóÇ Èöåö ÃóÒúæóÇÌðÇ ãöäúåõãú æóáóÇ ÊóÍúÒóäú Úóáóíúåöãú} [ÓõæÑóÉõ ÇáúÍöÌúÑö: 87¡ 88] ÝóÞóÏó äóåóì äóÈöíøóåõ Úóäö ÇáúÍõÒúäö Ýöí ÛóíúÑö ãóæúÖöÚò¡ æóäóåóì ÇáúãõÄúãöäöíäó ÌõãúáóÉð ÝóÚõáöãó Ãóäøó Ðóáößó áóÇ íõäóÇÝöí ÇáúÅöíãóÇäó.
æóÅöäú ÃóÑóÇÏó ÈöÐóáößó Ãóäøóåõ äóÇÞöÕñ Úóãøóäú åõæó Ãóßúãóáõ ãöäúåõ¡ ÝóáóÇ ÑóíúÈó Ãóäøó ÍóÇáó ÇáäøóÈöíøö Õóáøóì Çááøóåõ Úóáóíúåö æóÓóáøóãó Ãóßúãóáõ ãöäú ÍóÇáö ÃóÈöí ÈóßúÑò¡ æóåóÐóÇ áóÇ íõäóÇÒöÚõ Ýöíåö ÃóÍóÏñ ãöäú Ãóåúáö ÇáÓøõäøóÉö æóáóßöäú áóíúÓó Ýöí åóÐóÇ ãóÇ íóÏõáøõ Úóáóì Ãóäøó ÚóáöíøðÇ Ãóæú ÚõËúãóÇäó Ãóæú ÚõãóÑó¡ Ãóæú ÛóíúÑóåõãú ÃóÝúÖóáõ ãöäúåõ áöÃóäøóåõãú áóãú íóßõæäõæÇ ãóÚó ÇáäøóÈöíøö Õóáøóì Çááøóåõ Úóáóíúåö æóÓóáøóãó Ýöí(8/451)
åóÐöåö ÇáúÍóÇáö¡ æóáóæú ßóÇäõæÇ ãóÚóåõ áóãú íõÚúáóãú Ãóäøó ÍóÇáóåõãú íóßõæäõ Ãóßúãóáõ ãöäú ÍóÇáö ÇáÕøöÏøöíÞö¡ Èóáö ÇáúãóÚúÑõæÝõ ãöäú ÍóÇáöåöãú ÏóÇÆöãðÇ æóÍóÇáöåö Ãóäøóåõãú æóÞúÊó ÇáúãóÎóÇæöÝö íóßõæäõ ÇáÕøöÏøöíÞõ Ãóßúãóáó ãöäúåõãú ßõáøöåöãú íóÞöíäðÇ æóÕóÈúÑðÇ¡ æóÚöäúÏó æõÌõæÏö ÃóÓúÈóÇÈö ÇáÑøóíúÈö íóßõæäõ ÇáÕøöÏøöíÞõ ÃóÚúÙóãó íóÞöíäðÇ æóØõãóÃúäöíäóÉð æóÚöäúÏó ãóÇ íóÊóÃóÐøóì ãöäúåõ ÇáäøóÈöíøõ Õóáøóì Çááøóåõ Úóáóíúåö æóÓóáøóãó íóßõæäõ ÇáÕøöÏøöíÞõ ÃóÊúÈóÚóåõãú áöãóÑúÖóÇÊöåö æóÃóÈúÚóÏóåõãú ÚóãøóÇ íõÄúÐöíåö.
åóÐóÇ åõæó ÇáúãóÚúáõæãõ áößõáøö ãóäö ÇÓúÊóÞúÑóÃó ÃóÍúæóÇáóåõãú Ýöí ãóÍúíóÇ ÑóÓõæáö Çááøóåö Õóáøóì Çááøóåõ Úóáóíúåö æóÓóáøóãó æóÈóÚúÏó æóÝóÇÊöåö ÍóÊøóì Ãóäøóåõ áóãøóÇ ãóÇÊó æóãóæúÊõåõ ßóÇäó ÃóÚúÙóãó ÇáúãóÕóÇÆöÈö ÇáøóÊöí ÊóÒóáúÒóáó ÈöåóÇ ÇáúÅöíãóÇäõ¡ ÍóÊøóì ÇÑúÊóÏøó ÃóßúËóÑõ (1) ÇáúÃóÚúÑóÇÈö¡ æóÇÖúØóÑóÈó áóåóÇ ÚõãóÑõ ÇáøóÐöí ßóÇäó ÃóÞúæóÇåõãú ÅöíãóÇäðÇ æóÃóÚúÙóãóåõãú íóÞöíäðÇ ßóÇäó (2) ãóÚó åóÐóÇ ÊóËúÈöíÊõ Çááøóåö ÊóÚóÇáóì áöáÕøöÏøöíÞö ÈöÇáúÞóæúáö ÇáËøóÇÈöÊö Ãóßúãóáó æóÃóÊóãøó ãöäú ÛóíúÑöåö¡ æóßóÇäó Ýöí íóÞöíäöåö æóØõãóÃúäöíäóÊöåö æóÚöáúãöåö æóÛóíúÑö Ðóáößó Ãóßúãóáó ãöäú ÚõãóÑó æóÛóíúÑöåö ÝóÞóÇáó ÇáÕøöÏøöíÞõ ÑóÖöíó Çááøóåõ Úóäúåõ: ãóäú ßóÇäó íóÚúÈõÏõ ãõÍóãøóÏðÇ ÝóÅöäøó ãõÍóãøóÏðÇ ÞóÏú ãóÇÊó¡ æóãóäú ßóÇäó íóÚúÈõÏõ Çááøóåó¡ ÝóÅöäøó Çááøóåó Íóíøñ áóÇ íóãõæÊõ.
Ëõãøó ÞóÑóÃó: {æóãóÇ ãõÍóãøóÏñ ÅöáøóÇ ÑóÓõæáñ ÞóÏú ÎóáóÊú ãöäú ÞóÈúáöåö ÇáÑøõÓõáõ ÃóÝóÅöäú ãóÇÊó Ãóæú ÞõÊöáó ÇäúÞóáóÈúÊõãú Úóáóì ÃóÚúÞóÇÈößõãú æóãóäú íóäúÞóáöÈú Úóáóì ÚóÞöÈóíúåö Ýóáóäú íóÖõÑøó Çááøóåó ÔóíúÆðÇ} ÇáúÂíóÉó [ÓõæÑóÉõ Âáö ÚöãúÑóÇäó: 144] (3) .
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(1) ÃóßúËóÑõ: ÓóÇÞöØóÉñ ãöäú (Ó) ¡ (È)
(2) ä¡ ã¡ Ó: æóßóÇäó
(3) ÓóíóÑöÏõ åóÐóÇ ÇáúÍóÏöíËõ ãõÝóÕøóáðÇ ÈóÚúÏó Þóáöíáò.(8/452)
æóÝöí ÇáúÈõÎóÇÑöíøö Úóäú ÚóÇÆöÔóÉó Ãóäøó ÇáäøóÈöíøó Õóáøóì Çááøóåõ Úóáóíúåö æóÓóáøóãó ãóÇÊó æóÃóÈõæ ÈóßúÑò ÈöÇáÓøõäúÍö ÝóÞóÇãó ÚõãóÑõ íóÞõæáõ: æóÇááøóåö ãóÇ ãóÇÊó ÑóÓõæáõ Çááøóåö¡ ÞóÇáóÊú: æóÞóÇáó ÚõãóÑõ: æóÇááøóåö ãóÇ ßóÇäó íóÞóÚõ Ýöí äóÝúÓöí ÅöáøóÇ Ðóáößó¡ æóáóíóÈúÚóËóäøóåõ Çááøóåõ ÝóáúíóÞúØóÚóäøó ÃóíúÏöíó ÑöÌóÇáò æóÃóÑúÌõáóåõãú ÝóÌóÇÁó ÃóÈõæ ÈóßúÑò ÝóßóÔóÝó Úóäú æóÌúåö ÑóÓõæáö Çááøóåö Õóáøóì Çááøóåõ Úóáóíúåö æóÓóáøóãó ÝóÞóÈøóáóåõ¡ æóÞóÇáó: ÈöÃóÈöí ÃóäúÊó æóÃõãøöí ØöÈúÊó ÍóíøðÇ æóãóíøöÊðÇ æóÇáøóÐöí äóÝúÓöí ÈöíóÏöåö áóÇ íõÐöíÞõßó Çááøóåõ ÇáúãóæúÊóÊóíúäö ÃóÈóÏðÇ.
Ëõãøó ÎóÑóÌó ÝóÞóÇáó: ÃóíøõåóÇ ÇáúÍóÇáöÝõ Úóáóì ÑöÓúáößó¡ ÝóáóãøóÇ Êóßóáøóãó ÃóÈõæ ÈóßúÑò ÌóáóÓó ÚõãóÑõ¡ ÝóÍóãöÏó Çááøóåó ÃóÈõæ ÈóßúÑò æóÃóËúäóì Úóáóíúåö¡ æóÞóÇáó: ÃóáóÇ ãóäú ßóÇäó íóÚúÈõÏõ ãõÍóãøóÏðÇ¡ ÝóÅöäøó ãõÍóãøóÏðÇ ÞóÏú ãóÇÊó æóãóäú ßóÇäó íóÚúÈõÏõ Çááøóåó¡ ÝóÅöäøó Çááøóåó Íóíøñ áóÇ íóãõæÊõ¡ æóÞóÇáó: {Åöäøóßó ãóíøöÊñ æóÅöäøóåõãú ãóíøöÊõæäó} [ÓõæÑóÉõ ÇáÒøõãóÑö: 30] ¡ æóÞóÇáó: {æóãóÇ ãõÍóãøóÏñ ÅöáøóÇ ÑóÓõæáñ ÞóÏú ÎóáóÊú ãöäú ÞóÈúáöåö ÇáÑøõÓõáõ ÃóÝóÅöäú ãóÇÊó Ãóæú ÞõÊöáó ÇäúÞóáóÈúÊõãú Úóáóì ÃóÚúÞóÇÈößõãú æóãóäú íóäúÞóáöÈú Úóáóì ÚóÞöÈóíúåö Ýóáóäú íóÖõÑøó Çááøóåó ÔóíúÆðÇ æóÓóíóÌúÒöí Çááøóåõ ÇáÔøóÇßöÑöíäó} [ÓõæÑóÉõ Âáö ÚöãúÑóÇäó: 144] ÞóÇáó: ÝóäóÔóÌó ÇáäøóÇÓõ íóÈúßõæäó " (1) .
æóÝöí ÕóÍöíÍö ÇáúÈõÎóÇÑöíøö Úóäú ÃóäóÓò Ãóäøóåõ ÓóãöÚó ÎõØúÈóÉó ÚõãóÑó ÇáúÃóÎöíÑóÉó Íöíäó ÌóáóÓó Úóáóì ÇáúãöäúÈóÑö¡ æóÐóáößó ÇáúÛóÏó ãöäú íóæúãö ÊõæõÝøöíó ÑóÓõæáõ Çááøóåö Úóáóíúåö æóÓóáøóãó ÝóÊóÔóåøóÏó (2) æóÃóÈõæ ÈóßúÑò ÕóÇãöÊñ áóÇ íóÊóßóáøóãõ¡ ÞóÇáó: ßõäúÊõ ÃóÑúÌõæ Ãóäú íóÚöíÔó ÑóÓõæáõ Çááøóåö Õóáøóì Çááøóåõ Úóáóíúåö æóÓóáøóãó ÍóÊøóì íõÏóÈøöÑóäóÇ¡ íõÑöíÏõ ÈöÐóáößó Ãóäú íóßõæäó ÂÎöÑóåõãú¡ ÝóÅöäú íóßõ ãõÍóãøóÏñ ÞóÏú ãóÇÊó¡ ÝóÅöäøó Çááøóåó ÞóÏú ÌóÚóáó Èóíúäó ÃóÙúåõÑößõãú äõæÑðÇ
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(1) ÇáúÍóÏöíËõ Ýöí ÇáúÈõÎóÇÑöíøö 5/6 - 7 (ßöÊóÇÈõ ÝóÖóÇÆöáö ÃóÕúÍóÇÈö ÇáäøóÈöíøö Õóáøóì Çááøóåõ Úóáóíúåö æóÓóáøóãó ÈóÇÈõ ÍóÏøóËóäóÇ ÇáúÍõãóíúÏöíøõ. .)
(2) ÝóÊóÔóåøóÏó: ÓóÇÞöØóÉñ ãöäú¡ Ó) ¡ (È)(8/453)
ÊóåúÊóÏõæäó Èöåö¡ æóÈöåö åóÏóì Çááøóåõ ãõÍóãøóÏðÇ¡ æóÅöäøó ÃóÈóÇ ÈóßúÑò ÕóÇÍöÈõ ÑóÓõæáö Çááøóåö Õóáøóì Çááøóåõ Úóáóíúåö æóÓóáøóãó ËóÇäöíó ÇËúäóíúäö¡ æóÅöäøóåõ Ãóæúáóì ÇáúãõÓúáöãöíäó ÈöÃõãõæÑöåöãú ÝóÞõæãõæÇ ÝóÈóÇíöÚõæåõ¡ æóßóÇäóÊú ØóÇÆöÝóÉñ ãöäúåõãú ÞóÏú ÈóÇíóÚõæåõ ÞóÈúáó Ðóáößó Ýöí ÓóÞöíÝóÉö Èóäöí ÓóÇÚöÏóÉó¡ æóßóÇäóÊú ÈóíúÚóÉõ ÇáúÚóÇãøóÉö Úóáóì ÇáúãöäúÈóÑö (1) .
æóÝöí ØóÑöíÞò ÂÎóÑó (2) Ýöí ÇáúÈõÎóÇÑöíøö: ÃóãøóÇ ÈóÚúÏõ ÝóÇÎúÊóÇÑó Çááøóåõ áöÑóÓõæáöåö ÇáøóÐöí ÚöäúÏóåõ Úóáóì ÇáøóÐöí ÚöäúÏóßõãú¡ æóåóÐóÇ ÇáøóÐöí åóÏóì Èöåö ÑóÓõæáóåõ ÝóÎõÐõæÇ Èöåö ÊóåúÊóÏõæÇ¡ æóÅöäøóãóÇ (3) åóÏóì Çááøóåõ Èöåö ÑóÓõæáóåõ Õóáøóì Çááøóåõ Úóáóíúåö æóÓóáøóãó " ÐóßóÑóåõ ÇáúÈõÎóÇÑöíøõ Ýöí ßöÊóÇÈö " ÇáöÇÚúÊöÕóÇãö ÈöÇáÓøóäóÉö " (4) .
æóÑóæóì ÇáúÈõÎóÇÑöíøõ ÃóíúÖðÇ Úóäú ÚóÇÆöÔóÉó Ýöí åóÐöåö ÇáúÞöÕøóÉö ÞóÇáóÊú: " ãóÇ ßóÇäó ãöäú ÎõØúÈóÊöåöãóÇ ãöäú ÎõØúÈóÉò ÅöáøóÇ äóÝóÚó Çááøóåõ ÈöåóÇ¡ áóÞóÏú ÎóæøóÝó ÚõãóÑõ ÇáäøóÇÓó (5) ¡ æóÅöäøó Ýöíåöãú áóäöÝóÇÞðÇ ÝóÑóÏøóåõãõ Çááøóåõ ÈöÐóáößó¡ Ëõãøó áóÞóÏú ÈóÕøóÑó ÃóÈõæ ÈóßúÑò ÇáäøóÇÓó ÇáúåõÏóì æóÚóÑøóÝóåõãõ ÇáúÍóÞøó (6) " ÇáøóÐöí Úóáóíúåöãú.
æóÃóíúÖðÇ ÝóÞöÕøóÉõ íóæúãö ÈóÏúÑò Ýöí ÇáúÚóÑöíÔö æóíóæúãö ÇáúÍõÏóíúÈöíóÉó Ýöí ØõãóÃúäöíäóÊöåö æóÓóßöíäóÊöåö ãóÚúÑõæÝóÉñ¡ ÈóÑóÒó ÈöÐóáößó (7) Úóáóì ÓóÇÆöÑö ÇáÕøóÍóÇÈóÉö ÝóßóíúÝó íõäúÓóÈõ Åöáóì
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(1) ÇáúÍóÏöíËõ Úóäú ÃóäóÓö Èúäö ãóÇáößò ÑóÖöíó Çááøóåõ Úóäúåõ Ýöí: ÇáúÈõÎóÇÑöíøö 9/81 (ßöÊóÇÈõ ÇáúÃóÍúßóÇãö¡ ÈóÇÈõ ÇáöÇÓúÊöÎúáóÇÝö) .
(2) Ó¡ È: ÃõÎúÑóì.
(3) ä¡ ã¡ Ó: áöãóÇ.
(4) ÇáúÍóÏöíËõ Úóäú ÃóäóÓö Èúäö ãóÇáößò ÑóÖöíó Çááøóåõ Úóäúåõ Ýöí: ÇáúÈõÎóÇÑöíøö 9/91 (ßöÊóÇÈõ ÇáöÇÚúÊöÕóÇãö ÈöÇáúßöÊóÇÈö æóÇáÓøõäøóÉö¡ ÈóÇÈõ ÍóÏøóËóäóÇ ÇáúÍõãóíúÏöíøõ. .) .
(5) ä¡ Ó¡ È: áóÞóÏú ÎóæøóÝó Çááøóåõ ÚõãóÑó ÇáäøóÇÓó. æóÇáúãõËúÈóÊõ ãöäú (ã) ¡ ÇáúÈõÎóÇÑöíøö.
(6) ÇáúÍóÏöíËõ Úóäú ÚóÇÆöÔóÉó ÑóÖöíó Çááøóåõ ÚóäúåóÇ Ýöí: ÇáúÈõÎóÇÑöíøö 5/7 (ßöÊóÇÈõ ÝóÖóÇÆöáö ÃóÕúÍóÇÈö ÇáäøóÈöíøö Õóáøóì Çááøóåõ Úóáóíúåö æóÓóáøóãó. . ÈóÇÈõ ÍóÏøóËóäóÇ ÇáúÍõãóíúÏöíøõ. . .)
(7) ã: íóÒöíÏõ ÈöÐóáößó.(8/454)
ÇáúÌóÒóÚö¿ ! .
æóÃóíúÖðÇ ÝóÞöíóÇãõåõ ÈöÞöÊóÇáö (1) ÇáúãõÑúÊóÏøöíäó æóãóÇäöÚöí ÇáÒøóßóÇÉö¡ æóÊóËúÈöíÊö ÇáúãõÄúãöäöíäó ãóÚó ÊóÌúåöíÒö ÃõÓóÇãóÉó¡ ãöãøóÇ íõÈóíøöäõ Ãóäøóåõ ÃóÚúÙóãõ ÇáäøóÇÓö ØõãóÃúäöíäóÉð æóíóÞöíäðÇ¡ æóÞóÏú Ñõæöíó Ãóäøóåõ Þöíáó áóåõ ÞóÏú äóÒóáó Èößó ãóÇ áóæú äóÒóáó ÈöÇáúÌöÈóÇáö áóåóÇÖóåóÇ¡ æóÈöÇáúÈöÍóÇÑö áóÛóÇÖóåóÇ¡ æóãóÇ äóÑóÇßó ÖóÚõÝúÊó ÝóÞóÇáó: ãóÇ ÏóÎóáó ÞóáúÈöí ÑõÚúÈñ ÈóÚúÏó áóíúáóÉö ÇáúÛóÇÑö¡ ÝóÅöäøó ÇáäøóÈöíøó Õóáøóì Çááøóåõ Úóáóíúåö æóÓóáøóãó áóãøóÇ ÑóÃóì ÍõÒúäöí - Ãóæú ßóãóÇ ÞóÇáó - ÞóÇáó: áóÇ Úóáóíúßó íóÇ ÃóÈóÇ ÈóßúÑò¡ ÝóÅöäøó Çááøóåó ÞóÏú ÊóßóÝøóáó áöåóÐóÇ ÇáúÃóãúÑö ÈöÇáÊøóãóÇãö.
Ëõãøó íõÞóÇáõ: ãóäú ÔóÈøóåó íóÞöíäó ÃóÈöí ÈóßúÑò æóÕóÈúÑóåõ ÈöÛóíúÑöåö ãöäó ÇáÕøóÍóÇÈóÉö: ÚõãóÑó Ãóæú ÚõËúãóÇäó Ãóæú Úóáöíøò ÝóÅöäøóåõ íóÏõáøõ Úóáóì Ìóåúáöåö æóÇáÓøõäøöíøõ áóÇ íõäóÇÒöÚõ Ýöí ÝóÖúáöåö Úóáóì ÚõãóÑó æóÚõËúãóÇäó¡ æóáóßöäøó ÇáÑøóÇÝöÖöíøó (2) ÇáøóÐöí ÇÏøóÚóì Ãóäøó ÚóáöíøðÇ ßóÇäó Ãóßúãóáó ãöäó ÇáËøóáóÇËóÉö Ýöí åóÐöåö ÇáÕøöÝóÇÊö ÏóÚúæóÇåõ (3) ÈõåúÊñ æóßóÐöÈñ æóÝöÑúíóÉñ¡ ÝóÅöäøó ãóäú ÊóÏóÈøóÑó ÓöíÑóÉó ÚõãóÑó æóÚõËúãóÇäó Úóáöãó ÃóäøóåõãóÇ ßóÇäóÇ Ýöí ÇáÕøóÈúÑö æóÇáËøóÈóÇÊö æóÞöáøóÉö ÇáúÌóÒóÚö Ýöí ÇáúãóÕóÇÆöÈö Ãóßúãóáó ãöäú Úóáöíøò¡ ÝóÚõËúãóÇäõ ÍóÇÕóÑõæåõ æóØóáóÈõæÇ ÎóáúÚóåõ ãöäó ÇáúÎöáóÇÝóÉö¡ Ãóæú ÞóÊúáóåõ (4) æóáóãú íóÒóÇáõæÇ Èöåö ÍóÊøóì ÞóÊóáõæåõ¡ æóåõæó íóãúäóÚõ ÇáäøóÇÓó ãöäú ãõÞóÇÊóáóÊöåöãú Åöáóì Ãóäú ÞõÊöáó ÔóåöíÏðÇ æóãóÇ ÏóÇÝóÚó Úóäú äóÝúÓöåö Ýóåóáú åóÐóÇ ÅöáøóÇ ãöäú ÃóÚúÙóãö ÇáÕøóÈúÑö Úóáóì ÇáúãóÕóÇÆöÈö¿ ! .
æóãóÚúáõæãñ Ãóäøó ÚóáöíøðÇ áóãú íóßõäú ÕóÈúÑõåõ ßóÕóÈúÑö ÚõËúãóÇäó¡ Èóáú ßóÇäó íóÍúÕõáõ áóåõ ãöäú ÅöÙúåóÇÑö ÇáÊøóÃóÐøöí ãöäú ÚóÓúßóÑöåö ÇáøóÐöíäó íõÞóÇÊöáõæäó ãóÚóåõ¡ æóãöäó ÇáúÚóÓúßóÑö ÇáøóÐöíäó
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(1) ã¡ ä: Ýöí ÞöÊóÇáö.
(2) È (ÝóÞóØú) : æóáóßöäøó ÏóÚúæóì ÇáÑøóÇÝöÖöí. . .
(3) ã: ÏóÚúæóì¡ ä¡ Ó: åöíó ÏóÚúæóì. æóáóÚóáøó ÇáÕøóæóÇÈó ãóÇ ÃóËúÈóÊøõåõ.
(4) ã: ãöäú ÎöáóÇÝóÊöåö.(8/455)
íõÞóÇÊöáõåõãú ãóÇ áóãú íóßõäú íóÙúåóÑõ ãöËúáõåõ áóÇ ãöäú ÃóÈöí ÈóßúÑò æóáóÇ ÚõãóÑó æóáóÇ ÚõËúãóÇäó ãóÚó ßóæúäö ÇáøóÐöíäó íõÞóÇÊöáõæäóåõãú ßóÇäõæÇ ßõÝøóÇÑðÇ¡ æóßóÇäó ÇáøóÐöíäó ãóÚóåõãú ÈöÇáäøöÓúÈóÉö Åöáóì ÚóÏõæøöåöãú ÃóÞóáøó ãöäó ÇáøóÐöíäó ãóÚó Úóáöíøò ÈöÇáäøöÓúÈóÉö Åöáóì ãóäú íõÞóÇÊöáõåõ¡ ÝóÅöäøó ÇáúßõÝøóÇÑó ÇáøóÐöíäó ÞóÇÊóáóåõãú ÃóÈõæ ÈóßúÑò æóÚõãóÑõ æóÚõËúãóÇäõ ßóÇäõæÇ ÃóÖúÚóÇÝó ÇáúãõÓúáöãöíäó¡ æóáóãú íóßõäú ÌóíøóÔõ ãõÚóÇæöíóÉó ÃóßúËóÑó ãöäú ÌóíúÔò Úóáöíøò¡ Èóáú ßóÇäõæÇ ÃóÞóáøó ãöäúåõ.
æóãóÚúáõæãñ Ãóäøó ÎóæúÝó ÇáúÅöãóÇãö ãöäö ÇÓúÊöíáóÇÁö ÇáúßõÝøóÇÑö Úóáóì ÇáúãõÓúáöãöíäó ÃóÚúÙóãõ ãöäú ÎóæúÝöåö ãöäö ÇÓúÊöíáóÇÁö ÈóÚúÖö ÇáúãõÓúáöãöíäó Úóáóì ÈóÚúÖò ÝóßóÇäó ãóÇ íóÎóÇÝõåõ ÇáúÃóÆöãøóÉõ ÇáËøóáóÇËóÉõ ÃóÚúÙóãó ãöãøóÇ íóÎóÇÝõåõ Úóáöíøñ æóÇáúãõÞúÊóÖöí áöáúÎóæúÝö ãöäúåõãú ÃóÚúÙóãó æóãóÚó åóÐóÇ ÝóßóÇäõæÇ Ãóßúãóáó íóÞöíäðÇ æóÕóÈóÑðÇ ãóÚó ÃóÚúÏóÇÆöåöãú æóãõÍóÇÑöÈöíåöãú ãöäú Úóáöíøò ãóÚó ÃóÚúÏóÇÆöåö æóãõÍóÇÑöÈöíåö (1) ÝóßóíúÝó íõÞóÇáõ Åöäøó íóÞöíäó Úóáöíøò æóÕóÈúÑóåõ (2) ßóÇäó ÃóÚúÙóãó ãóäú íóÞöíäö ÃóÈöí ÈóßúÑò æóÕóÈúÑöåö æóåóáú åóÐóÇ ÅöáøóÇ ãöäú äóæúÚö ÇáÓøóÝúÓóØóÉö æóÇáúãõßóÇÈóÑóÉö áöãóÇ Úõáöãó ÈöÇáÊøóæóÇÊõÑö ÎöáóÇÝõåõ¿ ! .
[ÝÕá Þæá ÇáÑÇÝÖí Åä ÇáÂíÉ ÊÏá Úáì ÎæÑå. . . æÇáÑÏ Úáíå]
ÝóÕúáñ.
Þóæúáõ ÇáÑøóÇÝöÖöíøö: " Åöäøó ÇáúÂíóÉó ÊóÏõáøõ Úóáóì ÎóæóÑöåö æóÞöáøóÉö ÕóÈúÑöåö¡ æóÚóÏóãö íóÞöíäöåö ÈöÇááøóåö¡ æóÚóÏóãö ÑöÖóÇåõ ÈöãõÓóÇæóÇÊöåö áöáäøóÈöíøö Õóáøóì Çááøóåõ Úóáóíúåö æóÓóáøóãó æóÈöÞóÖóÇÁö Çááøóåö æóÞóÏóÑöåö ".
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(1) ä¡ Ó¡ È: æóãõÍóÇÑóÈóÊöåöãú ãöäú Úóáöíøò ãóÚó ÃóÚúÏóÇÆöåö æóãõÍóÇÑóÈóÊöåö. . . æóßóáöãóÉõ " æóãõÍóÇÑóÈóÊöåöãú " æó " ãõÍóÇÑóÈóÊöåö " ÛóíúÑõ ãóäúÞõæØóÊóíúäö Ýöí (ã) . æóÃóÑúÌõæ Ãóäú íóßõæäó ÇáÕøóæóÇÈõ ãóÇ ÃóËúÈóÊøõåõ
(2) ä¡ Ó: Ãóæú ÕóÈúÑóåõ.(8/456)
ÝóåóÐóÇ ßõáøõåõ ßóÐöÈñ ãöäúåõ ÙóÇåöÑñ¡ áóíúÓó Ýöí ÇáúÂíóÉö ãóÇ íóÏõáøõ Úóáóì åóÐóÇ æóÐóáößó ãöäú æóÌúåóíúäö:
ÃóÍóÏõåõãóÇ: Ãóäøó Çáäøóåúíó Úóäö ÇáÔøóíúÁö (1) áóÇ íóÏõáøõ Úóáóì æõÞõæÚöåö¡ Èóáú íóÏõáøõ Úóáóì Ãóäøóåõ ãóãúäõæÚñ ãöäúåõ áöÆóáøóÇ íóÞóÚó ÝöíãóÇ ÈóÚúÏõ ßóÞóæúáöåö ÊóÚóÇáóì: {íóÇÃóíøõåóÇ ÇáäøóÈöíøõ ÇÊøóÞö Çááøóåó æóáóÇ ÊõØöÚö ÇáúßóÇÝöÑöíäó æóÇáúãõäóÇÝöÞöíäó} [ÓõæÑóÉõ ÇáúÃóÍúÒóÇÈö: 1] ¡ ÝóåóÐóÇ áóÇ íóÏõáøõ Úóáóì Ãóäøóåõ ßóÇäó íõØöíÚõåõãú.
æóßóÐóáößó Þóæúáõåõ: {æóáóÇ ÊóÏúÚõ ãóÚó Çááøóåö ÅöáóåðÇ ÂÎóÑó} [ÓõæÑóÉõ ÇáúÞóÕóÕö: 88] ¡ (2 Ãóæú {áóÇ ÊóÌúÚóáú ãóÚó Çááøóåö ÅöáóåðÇ ÂÎóÑó} 2) (2) [ÓõæÑóÉõ ÇáúÅöÓúÑóÇÁö: 22] ÝóÅöäøóåõ Õóáøóì Çááøóåõ Úóáóíúåö æóÓóáøóãó áóãú íóßõäú ãõÔúÑößðÇ ÞóØøõ áóÇ ÓöíøóãóÇ ÈóÚúÏó ÇáäøõÈõæøóÉö ÝóÇáúÃõãøóÉõ ãõÊøóÝöÞóÉñ Úóáóì Ãóäøóåõ ãóÚúÕõæãñ ãöäó ÇáÔøöÑúßö ÈóÚúÏó ÇáäøõÈõæøóÉö¡ æóÞóÏú äõåöíó Úóäú Ðóáößó ÈóÚúÏó ÇáäøõÈõæøóÉö æóäóÙóÇÆöÑõåõ ßóËöíÑóÉñ ÝóÞóæúáõåõ áóÇ ÊóÍúÒóäú áóÇ íóÏõáøõ Úóáóì Ãóäøó ÇáÕøöÏøöíÞó ßóÇäó (3) ÞóÏú ÍóÒöäó¡ áóßöäú ãöäó Çáúãõãúßöäö Ýöí ÇáúÚóÞúáö Ãóäøóåõ íóÍúÒóäõ ÝóÞóÏú íõäúåóì Úóäú Ðóáößó áöÆóáøóÇ íóÝúÚóáóåõ.
ÇáËøóÇäöí: Ãóäøóåõ ÈöÊóÞúÏöíÑö Ãóäú íóßõæäó ÍóÒöäó Úóáóì ÇáäøóÈöíøö Õóáøóì Çááøóåõ Úóáóíúåö æóÓóáøóãó áöÆóáøóÇ íõÞúÊóáó ÝóíóÐúåóÈõ (4) ÇáúÅöÓúáóÇãõ¡ æóßóÇäó íóæóÏøõ Ãóäú íóÝúÏöíó ÇáäøóÈöíøó Õóáøóì Çááøóåõ Úóáóíúåö æóÓóáøóãó¡ æóáöåóÐóÇ áóãøóÇ ßóÇäó ãóÚóåõ Ýöí ÓóÝóÑö ÇáúåöÌúÑóÉö ßóÇäó íóãúÔöí ÃóãóÇãóåõ ÊóÇÑóÉð æóæóÑóÇÁóåõ ÊóÇÑóÉð ÝóÓóÃóáóåõ ÇáäøóÈöíøõ Õóáøóì Çááøóåõ Úóáóíúåö æóÓóáøóãó Úóäú Ðóáößó ÝóÞóÇáó: " «ÃóÐúßõÑõ ÇáÑøóÕúÏó ÝóÃóßõæäõ ÃóãóÇãóßó¡ æóÃóÐúßõÑõ ÇáØøóáóÈó ÝóÃóßõæäõ æóÑóÇÁóßó» " ÑóæóÇåõ ÃóÍúãóÏõ
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(1) ä¡ Ó¡ È: ÔóíúÁò
(2) (2 - 2) : ÓóÇÞöØñ ãöäú (Ó) ¡ (È)
(3) ßóÇäó: ÓóÇÞöØóÉñ ãöäú (Ó) ¡ (È)
(4) ä¡ Ó¡ È: æóíóÐúåóÈõ.(8/457)
Ýöí ßöÊóÇÈö " ãóäóÇÞöÈö ÇáÕøóÍóÇÈóÉö " ÝóÞóÇáó (1) : ÍóÏøóËóäóÇ æóßöíÚñ Úóäú äóÇÝöÚò Úóäö ÇÈúäö ÚõãóÑó Úóäö ÇÈúäö ÃóÈöí ãõáóíúßóÉó¡ ÞóÇáó: «áóãøóÇ åóÇÌóÑó ÇáäøóÈöíøõ Õóáøóì Çááøóåõ Úóáóíúåö æóÓóáøóãó ÎóÑóÌó ãóÚóåõ ÃóÈõæ ÈóßúÑò ÝóÃóÎóÐó (2) ØóÑöíÞó ËóæúÑò¡ ÞóÇáó: ÝóÌóÚóáó ÃóÈõæ ÈóßúÑò íóãúÔöí ÎóáúÝóåõ æóíóãúÔöí ÃóãóÇãóåõ ÝóÞóÇáó áóåõ ÇáäøóÈöíøõ Õóáøóì Çááøóåõ Úóáóíúåö æóÓóáøóãó: ãóÇ áóßó¿ ÞóÇáó: íóÇ ÑóÓõæáó Çááøóåö ÃóÎóÇÝõ Ãóäú ÊõÄúÊóì ãöäú ÎóáúÝößó ÝóÃóÊóÃóÎøóÑõ¡ æóÃóÎóÇÝõ Ãóäú ÊõÄúÊóì ãöäú ÃóãóÇãößó ÝóÃóÊóÞóÏøóãõ¡ ÞóÇáó: ÝóáóãøóÇ ÇäúÊóåóíúäóÇ Åöáóì ÇáúÛóÇÑö ÞóÇáó ÃóÈõæ ÈóßúÑò: íóÇ ÑóÓõæáó Çááøóåö ßóãóÇ ÃóäúÊó ÍóÊøóì ÃõÞöãøóåõ» (3) ¡ ÞóÇáó äóÇÝöÚñ: ÍóÏøóËóäöí ÑóÌõáñ Úóäö ÇÈúäö ÃóÈöí ãõáóíúßóÉó «Ãóäøó ÃóÈóÇ ÈóßúÑò ÑóÃóì ÌõÍúÑðÇ Ýöí ÇáúÛóÇÑö ÝóÃóáúÞóãóåóÇ ÞóÏóãóåõ¡ æóÞóÇáó íóÇ ÑóÓõæáó Çááøóåö Åöäú ßóÇäóÊú áóÓúÚóÉñ¡ Ãóæú áóÏúÛóÉñ ßóÇäóÊú Èöí» ".
æóÍöíäóÆöÐò áóãú íóßõäú íóÑúÖóì ÈöãõÓóÇæóÇÉö ÇáäøóÈöíøö Õóáøóì Çááøóåõ Úóáóíúåö æóÓóáøóãó áóÇ ÈöÇáúãóÚúäóì ÇáøóÐöí ÃóÑóÇÏóåõ ÇáúßóÇÐöÈõ ÇáúãõÝúÊóÑöí Úóáóíúåö Ãóäøóåõ áóãú íóÑúÖó ÈöÃóäú íóãõæÊóÇ ÌóãöíÚðÇ¡ Èóáú ßóÇäó áóÇ íóÑúÖóì ÈöÃóäú íõÞúÊóáó ÑóÓõæáõ Çááøóåö Õóáøóì Çááøóåõ Úóáóíúåö æóÓóáøóãó æóíóÚöíÔõ åõæó (4) ¡ Èóáú ßóÇäó íóÎúÊóÇÑõ Ãóäú íóÝúÏöíóåõ ÈöäóÝúÓöåö æóÃóåúáöåö æóãóÇáöåö.
æóåóÐóÇ æóÇÌöÈñ Úóáóì ßõáøö ãõÄúãöäò æóÇáÕøöÏøöíÞõ ÃóÞúæóãõ ÇáúãõÄúãöäöíäó ÈöÐóáößó ÞóÇáó ÊóÚóÇáóì: {ÇáäøóÈöíøõ Ãóæúáóì ÈöÇáúãõÄúãöäöíäó ãöäú ÃóäúÝõÓöåöãú} [ÓõæÑóÉõ ÇáúÃóÍúÒóÇÈö: 6] æóÝöí ÇáÕøóÍöíÍóíúäö Úóäú ÃóäóÓò Úóäö ÇáäøóÈöíøö Õóáøóì Çááøóåõ Úóáóíúåö æóÓóáøóãó Ãóäøóåõ ÞóÇáó: " «áóÇ íõÄúãöäõ ÃóÍóÏõßõãú ÍóÊøóì Ãóßõæäó ÃóÍóÈøó Åöáóíúåö ãöäú æóáóÏöåö æóæóÇáöÏöåö æóÇáäøóÇÓö ÃóÌúãóÚöíäó» " (5) .
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(1) Ýöí ßöÊóÇÈö " ÝóÖóÇÆöáö ÇáÕøóÍóÇÈóÉö " 1/62 - 63
(2) ÝóÖóÇÆöáõ ÇáÕøóÍóÇÈóÉö: æóãóÚóåõ ÃóÈõæ ÈóßúÑò ÝóÃóÎóÐóÇ.
(3) Ó¡ È: Ãõíöãøóåõ¡ æóåõæó ÊóÍúÑöíÝñ
(4) Ó¡ È: æóåõæó íóÚöíÔõ
(5) ÓóÈóÞó åóÐóÇ ÝöíãóÇ ãóÖóì 2/447(8/458)
æóÍõÒúäõåõ Úóáóì ÇáäøóÈöíøö Õóáøóì Çááøóåõ Úóáóíúåö æóÓóáøóãó íóÏõáøõ Úóáóì ßóãóÇáö ãõæóÇáóÇÊöåö æóãóÍóÈøóÊöåö¡ æóäõÕúÍöåö áóåõ æóÇÍúÊöÑóÇÓöåö Úóáóíúåö æóÐóÈøöåö Úóäúåõ æóÏóÝúÚö ÇáúÃóÐóì Úóäúåõ¡ æóåóÐóÇ ãöäú ÃóÚúÙóãö ÇáúÅöíãóÇäö æóÅöäú ßóÇäó ãóÚó Ðóáößó íóÍúÕõáõ áóåõ ÈöÇáúÍõÒúäö äóæúÚõ ÖóÚúÝò¡ ÝóåóÐóÇ íóÏõáøõ Úóáóì Ãóäøó ÇáöÇÊøöÕóÇÝó ÈöåóÐöåö ÇáÕøöÝóÇÊö ãóÚó ÚóÏóãö ÇáúÍõÒúäö åõæó ÇáúãóÃúãõæÑõ Èöåö¡ ÝóÅöäøó ãõÌóÑøóÏó ÇáúÍõÒúäö áóÇ ÝóÇÆöÏóÉó Ýöíåö æóáóÇ íóÏõáøõ Ðóáößó Úóáóì Ãóäøó åóÐóÇ ÐóäúÈñ íõÐóãøõ Èöåö (1) ¡ ÝóÅöäøó ãöäó ÇáúãóÚúáõæãö Ãóäøó ÇáúÍõÒúäó Úóáóì ÇáÑøóÓõæáö ÃóÚúÙóãõ ãöäú ÍóÒúäö ÇáúÅöäúÓóÇäö Úóáóì ÇÈúäöåö¡ ÝóÅöäøó ãóÍóÈøóÉó ÇáÑøóÓõæáö ÃóæúÌóÈõ ãöäú ãóÍóÈøóÉö ÇáúÅöäúÓóÇäö áöÇÈúäöåö.
æóãóÚó åóÐóÇ ÝóÞóÏó ÃóÎúÈóÑó Çááøóåõ Úóäú íóÚúÞõæÈó Ãóäøóåõ ÍóÒöäó Úóáóì ÇÈúäöåö íõæÓõÝó æóÞóÇáó: {íóÇÃóÓóÝóì Úóáóì íõæÓõÝó æóÇÈúíóÖøóÊú ÚóíúäóÇåõ ãöäó ÇáúÍõÒúäö Ýóåõæó ßóÙöíãñ ÞóÇáõæÇ ÊóÇááøóåö ÊóÝúÊóÃõ ÊóÐúßõÑõ íõæÓõÝó ÍóÊøóì Êóßõæäó ÍóÑóÖðÇ Ãóæú Êóßõæäó ãöäó ÇáúåóÇáößöíäó ÞóÇáó ÅöäøóãóÇ ÃóÔúßõæ ÈóËøöí æóÍõÒúäöí Åöáóì Çááøóåö} ÇáúÂíóÉó [ÓõæÑóÉõ íõæÓõÝó: 84 - 86] ¡ ÝóåóÐóÇ ÅöÓúÑóÇÆöíáõ äóÈöíøñ ßóÑöíãñ ÞóÏú ÍóÒöäó Úóáóì ÇÈúäöåö åóÐóÇ ÇáúÍõÒúäó¡ æóáóãú íóßõäú åóÐóÇ ãõãøóÇ íõÓóÈøõ Úóáóíúåö¡ ÝóßóíúÝó íõÓóÈøõ ÃóÈõæ ÈóßúÑò ÅöÐóÇ ÍóÒöäó Úóáóì ÇáäøóÈöíøö Õóáøóì Çááøóåõ Úóáóíúåö æóÓóáøóãó ÎóæúÝðÇ Ãóäú íõÞúÊóáó¡ æóåõæó ÇáøóÐöí ÚõáøöÞóÊú Èöåö ÓóÚóÇÏóÉõ ÇáÏøõäúíóÇ æóÇáúÂÎöÑóÉö¿ ! .
Ëõãøó Åöäøó åóÄõáóÇÁö ÇáÔøöíÚóÉö - æóÛóíúÑóåõãú - íóÍúßõæäó Úóäú ÝóÇØöãóÉó ãöäú ÍõÒúäöåóÇ Úóáóì ÇáäøóÈöíøö Õóáøóì Çááøóåõ Úóáóíúåö æóÓóáøóãó ãóÇ áóÇ íõæÕóÝõ¡ æóÃóäøóåóÇ ÈöäúÊõ ÈóíúÊö ÇáúÃóÍúÒóÇäö¡ æóáóÇ íóÌúÚóáõæäó Ðóáößó ÐóãøðÇ áóåóÇ ãóÚó Ãóäøóåõ ÍõÒúäñ Úóáóì ÃóãúÑò ÝóÇÆöÊò áóÇ íóÚõæÏõ æóÃóÈõæ ÈóßúÑò ÅöäøóãóÇ ÍóÒöäó Úóáóíúåö Ýöí ÍóíóÇÊöåö ÎóæúÝó Ãóäú íõÞúÊóáó æóåõæó ÍóÒúäñ íóÊóÖóãøóäõ ÇáöÇÍúÊöÑóÇÓó¡ æóáöåóÐóÇ áóãøóÇ ãóÇÊó áóãú íóÍúÒóäú åóÐóÇ ÇáúÍõÒúäó áöÃóäøóåõ áóÇ ÝóÇÆöÏóÉó Ýöíåö ÝóÍõÒúäõ ÃóÈöí ÈóßúÑò ÈöáóÇ ÑóíúÈò
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(1) ã: íõáúÒóãõ Èöåö.(8/459)
Ãóßúãóáõ ãöäú ÍóÒúäö ÝóÇØöãóÉó¡ ÝóÅöäú ßóÇäó ãóÐúãõæãðÇ Úóáóì ÍõÒúäöåö¡ ÝóÝóÇØöãóÉõ Ãóæúáóì ÈöÐóáößó æóÅöáøóÇ ÝóÃóÈõæ ÈóßúÑò ÃóÍóÞøõ ÈöÃóäú áóÇ íõÐóãøó Úóáóì ÍõÒúäöåö Úóáóì ÇáäøóÈöíøö Õóáøóì Çááøóåõ Úóáóíúåö æóÓóáøóãó ãöäú ÍõÒúäö ÛóíúÑöåö Úóáóíúåö ÈóÚúÏó ãóæúÊöåö.
æóÅöäú Þöíáó: ÃóÈõæ ÈóßúÑò ÅöäøóãóÇ ÍóÒöäó Úóáóì äóÝúÓöåö áóÇ íóÞúÊõáõåõ ÇáúßõÝøóÇÑõ.
Þöíáó: ÝóåóÐóÇ íõäóÇÞöÖõ Þóæúáóßõãú Åöäøóåõ ßóÇäó ÚóÏõæøóåõ¡ æóßóÇäó ÇÓúÊóÕúÍóÈóåõ áöÆóáøóÇ íóÙúåóÑó ÃóãúÑõåõ.
æóÞöíáó: åóÐóÇ ÈóÇØöáñ ÈöãóÇ Úõáöãó ÈöÇáÊøóæóÇÊõÑö ãöäú ÍóÇáö ÃóÈöí ÈóßúÑò ãóÚó ÇáäøóÈöíøö Õóáøóì Çááøóåõ Úóáóíúåö æóÓóáøóãó æóÈöãóÇ ÃóæúÌóÈóåõ Çááøóåõ Úóáóì ÇáúãõÄúãöäöíäó.
Ëõãøó íõÞóÇáõ åóÈú Ãóäøó ÍõÒúäóåõ ßóÇäó Úóáóíúåö¡ æóÚóáóì ÇáäøóÈöíøö Õóáøóì Çááøóåõ Úóáóíúåö æóÓóáøóãó ÃóÝóíóÓúÊóÍöÞøõ Ãóäú íõÔúÊóãó Úóáóì Ðóáößó¡ æóáóæú ÞõÏøöÑó Ãóäøóåõ ÍóÒöäó ÎóæúÝðÇ Ãóäú íóÞúÊõáóåõ ÚóÏõæøõåõ áóãú íóßõäú åóÐóÇ ãöãøóÇ íóÓúÊóÍöÞøõ Èöåö åóÐóÇ ÇáÓøóÈøó.
Ëõãøó Åöäú ÞõÏøöÑó Ãóäøó Ðóáößó ÐóäúÈñ Ýóáóãú íóÕúÈöÑú Úóäúåõ¡ Èóáú áóãøóÇ äóåóÇåõ Úóäúåõ ÇäúÊóåóì ÝóÞóÏú äóåóì Çááøóåõ ÊóÚóÇáóì ÇáúÃóäúÈöíóÇÁó Úóäú ÃõãõæÑò ßóËöíÑóÉò ÇäúÊóåóæúÇ ÚóäúåóÇ¡ æóáóãú íóßõæäõæÇ ãóÐúãõæãöíäó ÈöãóÇ ÝóÚóáõæåõ ÞóÈúáó Çáäøóåúíö.
æóÃóíúÖðÇ ÝóåóÄõáóÇÁö íóäúÞõáõæäó Úóäú Úóáöíøò æóÝóÇØöãóÉó ãöäó ÇáúÌóÒóÚö æóÇáúÍõÒúäö Úóáóì ÝóæúÊö ãóÇáö ÝóÏóßó æóÛóíúÑöåóÇ ãöäó ÇáúãöíÑóÇËö ãóÇ íóÞúÊóÖöí Ãóäøó ÕóÇÍöÈóåõ ÅöäøóãóÇ íóÍúÒóäõ Úóáóì ÝóæúÊö ÇáÏøõäúíóÇ æóÞóÏú ÞóÇáó ÊóÚóÇáóì: {áößóíú áóÇ ÊóÃúÓóæúÇ Úóáóì ãóÇ ÝóÇÊóßõãú æóáóÇ ÊóÝúÑóÍõæÇ ÈöãóÇ ÂÊóÇßõãú} [ÓõæÑóÉõ ÇáúÍóÏöíÏö: 23] ÝóÞóÏú ÏóÚóÇ ÇáäøóÇÓó Åöáóì Ãóäú áóÇ íóÃúÓóæúÇ Úóáóì ãóÇ ÝóÇÊóåõãú ãöäó ÇáÏøõäúíóÇ¡ æóãóÚúáõæãñ Ãóäøó ÇáúÍõÒúäó Úóáóì ÇáÏøõäúíóÇ Ãóæúáóì ÈöÃóäú íõäúåóì Úóäúåõ ãöäó ÇáúÍõÒúäö Úóáóì ÇáÏøöíäö.(8/460)
æóÅöäú ÞõÏøöÑó Ãóäøóåõ ÍóÒöäó Úóáóì ÇáÏøõäúíóÇ¡ ÝóÍõÒúäõ ÇáúÅöäúÓóÇäö Úóáóì äóÝúÓöåö ÎóæúÝðÇ Ãóäú íõÞúÊóáó Ãóæúáóì Ãóäú íõÚúÐóÑó Èöåö ãöäú ÍõÒúäöåö Úóáóì ãóÇáò áóãú íóÍúÕõáú áóåõ.
æóåóÄõáóÇÁö ÇáÑøóÇÝöÖóÉõ ãöäú ÃóÌúåóáö ÇáäøóÇÓö íóÐúßõÑõæäó Ýöíãóäú íõæóÇáõæäóåõ ãöäú ÃóÎúÈóÇÑö ÇáúãóÏúÍö¡ æóÝöíãóäú íõÚóÇÏõæäóåõ ãöäú ÃóÎúÈóÇÑö ÇáÐøóãøö ãóÇ åõæó ÈöÇáúÚóßúÓö Ãóæúáóì ÝóáóÇ ÊóÌöÏõåõãú íóÐõãøõæäó ÃóÈóÇ ÈóßúÑò æóÃóãúËóÇáöåö ÈöÃóãúÑò ÅöáøóÇ æóáóæú ßóÇäó Ðóáößó ÇáúÃóãúÑõ ÐóãøðÇ áóßóÇäó Úóáöíøñ Ãóæúáóì ÈöÐóáößó¡ æóáóÇ íóãúÏóÍõæäó ÚóáöíøðÇ ÈöãóÏúÍò íóÓúÊóÍöÞøõ Ãóäú íóßõæäó ãóÏúÍðÇ ÅöáøóÇ æóÃóÈõæ ÈóßúÑò Ãóæúáóì ÈöÐóáößó ÝóÅöäøóåõ Ãóßúãóáõ Ýöí ÇáúãóãóÇÏöÍö ßõáøöåóÇ¡ æóÃóÈúÑóÃõ ãöäó ÇáúãóÐóÇãøö ßõáøöåóÇ: ÍóÞöíÞöíøöåóÇ (1) æóÎóíóÇáöíøöåóÇ.
[ÝÕá Þæá ÇáÑÇÝÖí Åä ÇáÂíÉ ÊÏá Úáì ÞáÉ ÕÈÑå æÇáÑÏ Úáíå]
ÝóÕúáñ.
æóÃóãøóÇ Þóæúáõåõ: " Åöäøóåõ íóÏõáøõ Úóáóì ÞöáøóÉö ÕóÈúÑöåö ".
ÝóÈóÇØöáñ (2) ¡ Èóáú æóáóÇ íóÏõáøõ Úóáóì ÇäúÚöÏóÇãö ÔóíúÁò ãöäó ÇáÕøóÈúÑö ÇáúãóÃúãõæÑö Èöåö¡ ÝóÅöäøó ÇáÕøóÈúÑó Úóáóì ÇáúãóÕóÇÆöÈö æóÇÌöÈñ (3) ÈöÇáúßöÊóÇÈö æóÇáÓøóäóÉö¡ æóãóÚó åóÐóÇ ÝóÍõÒúäõ ÇáúÞóáúÈö áóÇ íõäóÇÝöí Ðóáößó.
ßóãóÇ ÞóÇáó Õóáøóì Çááøóåõ Úóáóíúåö æóÓóáøóãó: " «Åöäøó Çááøóåó áóÇ íõÄóÇÎöÐõ Úóáóì ÏóãúÚö ÇáúÚóíúäö¡ æóáóÇ Úóáóì (4) ÍõÒúäö ÇáúÞóáúÈö¡ æóáóßöäú íõÄóÇÎöÐõ Úóáóì åóÐóÇ - íóÚúäöí ÇááøöÓóÇäó - Ãóæú
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(1) ä: ÍóÞöíÞöåóÇ
(2) ä¡ ã¡ Ó: ÈóÇØöáñ.
(3) æóÇÌöÈñ: ÓóÇÞöØóÉñ ãöäú (Ó) ¡ (È)
(4) Úóáóì: ÓóÇÞöØóÉñ ãöäú (Ó) ¡ (È)(8/461)
íóÑúÍóãõ» " (1) .
æóÞóæúáõåõ: " Åöäøóåõ íóÏõáøõ Úóáóì ÚóÏóãö íóÞöíäöåö ÈöÇááøóåö ".
ßóÐöÈñ æóÈõåúÊñ (2) ¡ ÝóÅöäøó ÇáúÃóäúÈöíóÇÁó ÞóÏú ÍóÒöäõæÇ¡ æóáóãú íóßõäú Ðóáößó ÏóáöíáðÇ Úóáóì ÚóÏóãö íóÞöíäöåöãú ÈöÇááøóåö¡ ßóãóÇ ÐóßóÑó Çááøóåõ Úóäú íóÚúÞõæÈó¡ æóËóÈóÊó Ýöí ÇáÕøóÍöíÍö Ãóäøó ÇáäøóÈöíøó Õóáøóì Çááøóåõ Úóáóíúåö æóÓóáøóãó áóãøóÇ ãóÇÊó ÇÈúäõåõ ÅöÈúÑóÇåöíãõ ÞóÇáó: " «ÊóÏúãóÚõ ÇáúÚóíúäõ¡ æóíóÍúÒóäõ ÇáúÞóáúÈõ¡ æóáóÇ äóÞõæáõ ÅöáøóÇ ãóÇ íõÑúÖöí ÇáÑøóÈøó¡ æóÅöäøóÇ Èößó íóÇ ÅöÈúÑóÇåöíãõ áóãóÍúÒõæäõæäó» (3) ".
æóÞóÏú äóåóì Çááøóåõ Úóäö ÇáúÍõÒúäö äóÈöíøóåõ Õóáøóì Çááøóåõ Úóáóíúåö æóÓóáøóãó ÈöÞóæúáöåö: {æóáóÇ ÊóÍúÒóäú Úóáóíúåöãú} [ÓõæÑóÉõ ÇáäøóÍúáö: 127] .
æóßóÐóáößó Þóæúáõåõ: " íóÏõáøõ Úóáóì ÇáúÎóæóÑö æóÚóÏóãö ÇáÑøöÖóÇ ÈöÞóÖóÇÁö Çááøóåö æóÞóÏóÑöåö ".
åõæó ÈóÇØöáñ¡ ßóãóÇ ÊóÞóÏøóãó äóÙóÇÆöÑõåõ.
[ßáÇã ÇáÑÇÝÖí Úáì ÍÒä ÃÈí ÈßÑ ÑÖí Çááå Úäå æÇáÑÏ Úáíå]
ÝóÕúáñ.
æóÞóæúáõåõ: " æóÅöäú ßóÇäó ÇáúÍõÒúäõ ØóÇÚóÉð ÇÓúÊóÍóÇáó äóåúíõ ÇáäøóÈöíøö Õóáøóì Çááøóåõ Úóáóíúåö æóÓóáøóãó Úóäúåõ¡ æóÅöäú ßóÇäó ãóÚúÕöíóÉð ßóÇäó ãóÇ ÇÏøóÚóæúåõ ÝóÖöíáóÉð ÑóÐöíáóÉð ".
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(1) ÇáúÍóÏöíËó Ü ãóÚó ÇÎúÊöáóÇÝò Ýöí ÈóÚúÖö ÇáúÃóáúÝóÇÙö - Úóäú ÚóÈúÏö Çááøóåö Èúäö ÚõãóÑó ÑóÖöíó Çááøóåõ ÚóäúåõãóÇ Ýöí: ÇáúÈõÎóÇÑöíøö 2/84 (ßöÊóÇÈõ ÇáúÌóäóÇÆöÒö¡ ÈóÇÈõ ÇáúÈõßóÇÁö ÚöäúÏó ÇáúãóÑöíÖö) æóÃóæøóáõåõ: " ÇÔúÊóßóì ÓóÚúÏõ Èúäõ ÚõÈóÇÏóÉó Ôóßúæóì áóåõ ÝóÃóÊóÇåõ ÇáäøóÈöíøõ Õóáøóì Çááøóåõ Úóáóíúåö æóÓóáøóãó íóÚõæÏõåõ. . . æóãöäúåõ: ÃóáóÇ ÊóÓúãóÚõæäó Åöäøó Çááøóåó áóÇ íõÚóÐøöÈõ ÈöÏóãúÚö ÇáúÚóíúäö. . ÇáúÍóÏöíËó. æóåõæó Ýöí: ãõÓúáöãò 2/636 (ßöÊóÇÈõ ÇáúÌóäóÇÆöÒö¡ ÈóÇÈõ ÇáúÈõßóÇÁö Úóáóì ÇáúãóíøöÊö) æóÌóÇÁóÊú ÈóÚúÖõ ÃóáúÝóÇÙö ÇáúÍóÏöíËö Ýöí: ÇáúÈõÎóÇÑöíøö 7/51 (ßöÊóÇÈõ ÇáØøóáóÇÞö¡ ÈóÇÈõ ÇáúÅöÔóÇÑóÉö Ýöí ÇáØøóáóÇÞö æóÇáúÃõãõæÑö) .
(2) ä¡ ã: ßóÐöÈñ ÈóÍúÊñ.
(3) ÓóÈóÞó åóÐóÇ ÇáúÍóÏöíËõ ÝöíãóÇ ãóÖóì 4/46 æóÃóæøóáõåõ åõäóÇßó: " Åöäøó ÇáúÚóíúäó ÊóÏúãóÚõ. . .(8/462)
æóÇáúÌóæóÇÈõ ÃóæøóáðÇ: Ãóäøóåõ áóãú íóÏøóÚö ÃóÍóÏñ Ãóäøó ãõÌóÑøóÏó ÇáúÍõÒúäö ßóÇäó åõæó ÇáúÝóÖöíáóÉó¡ Èóáö ÇáúÝóÖöíáóÉõ ãóÇ Ïóáøó Úóáóíúåö Þóæúáõåõ ÊóÚóÇáóì: {ÅöáøóÇ ÊóäúÕõÑõæåõ ÝóÞóÏú äóÕóÑóåõ Çááøóåõ ÅöÐú ÃóÎúÑóÌóåõ ÇáøóÐöíäó ßóÝóÑõæÇ ËóÇäöíó ÇËúäóíúäö ÅöÐú åõãóÇ Ýöí ÇáúÛóÇÑö ÅöÐú íóÞõæáõ áöÕóÇÍöÈöåö áóÇ ÊóÍúÒóäú Åöäøó Çááøóåó ãóÚóäóÇ} ÇáúÂíóÉó [ÓõæÑóÉõ ÇáÊøóæúÈóÉö: 40] .
ÝóÇáúÝóÖöíáóÉõ ßóæúäõåõ åõæó ÇáøóÐöí ÎóÑóÌó ãóÚó ÇáäøóÈöíøö Õóáøóì Çááøóåõ Úóáóíúåö æóÓóáøóãó Ýöí åóÐöåö ÇáúÍóÇáö æóÇÎúÊóÕøó ÈöÕõÍúÈóÊöåö¡ æóßóÇäó áóåõ ßóãóÇáõ ÇáÕøõÍúÈóÉö ãõØúáóÞðÇ¡ æóÞóæúáõ ÇáäøóÈöíøö Õóáøóì Çááøóåõ Úóáóíúåö æóÓóáøóãó áóåõ: " {Åöäøó Çááøóåó ãóÚóäóÇ} " (1) ¡ æóãóÇ íóÊóÖóãøóäõåõ Ðóáößó ãöäú ßóãóÇáö ãõæóÇÝóÞóÊöåö áöáäøóÈöíøö Õóáøóì Çááøóåõ Úóáóíúåö æóÓóáøóãó æóãóÍóÈøóÊöåö æóØõãóÃúäöíäóÊöåö¡ æóßóãóÇáö ãóÚõæäóÊöåö áöáäøóÈöíøö Õóáøóì Çááøóåõ Úóáóíúåö æóÓóáøóãó æóãõæóÇáóÇÊöåö ÝóÝöí (2) åóÐöåö ÇáúÍóÇáö ãöäú ßóãóÇáö ÅöíãóÇäöåö¡ æóÊóÞúæóÇåõ ãóÇ (3) åõæó ÇáúÝóÖöíáóÉõ.
æóßóãóÇáõ ãóÍóÈøóÊöåö æóäóÕúÑöåö áöáäøóÈöíøö Õóáøóì Çááøóåõ Úóáóíúåö æóÓóáøóãó åõæó ÇáúãõæÌöÈõ áöÍõÒúäöåö Åöäú ßóÇäó ÍóÒöäó ãóÚó Ãóäøó ÇáúÞõÑúÂäó áóãú íóÏõáøó Úóáóì Ãóäøóåõ ÍóÒöäó ßóãóÇ ÊóÞóÏøóãó.
æóíõÞóÇáõ: ËóÇäöíðÇ: åóÐóÇ ÈöÚóíúäöåö ãóæúÌõæÏñ Ýöí Þóæúáöåö ÚóÒøó æóÌóáøó áöäóÈöíøöåö: {æóáóÇ ÊóÍúÒóäú Úóáóíúåöãú æóáóÇ Êóßõ Ýöí ÖóíúÞò ãöãøóÇ íóãúßõÑõæäó} [ÓõæÑóÉõ ÇáäøóÍúáö: 127] ¡ æóÞóæúáöåö: {áóÇ ÊóãõÏøóäøó Úóíúäóíúßó Åöáóì ãóÇ ãóÊøóÚúäóÇ Èöåö ÃóÒúæóÇÌðÇ ãöäúåõãú} [ÓõæÑóÉõ ÇáúÍöÌúÑö: 88] æóäóÍúæö Ðóáößó¡ Èóáú Ýöí Þóæúáöåö ÊóÚóÇáóì áöãõæÓóì: {ÎõÐúåóÇ æóáóÇ ÊóÎóÝú ÓóäõÚöíÏõåóÇ ÓöíÑóÊóåóÇ ÇáúÃõæáóì} [ÓõæÑóÉõ Øå: 21] .
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(1) ÓóÈóÞó ÇáúßóáóÇãõ Úóáóì åóÐóÇ ÇáúÍóÏöíËö ÝöíãóÇ ãóÖóì Ýöí åóÐóÇ ÇáúÌõÒúÁö¡ Õ
(2) ä¡ Ó¡ È: Ýöí
(3) ãóÇ: ÓóÇÞöØóÉñ ãöäú (È) .(8/463)
ÝóíõÞóÇáõ: Åöäú ßóÇäó ÇáúÎóæúÝõ ØóÇÚóÉð ÝóÞóÏú äóåóì Úóäúåõ¡ æóÅöäú ßóÇäó ãóÚúÕöíóÉð ÝóÞóÏú ÚóÕóì.
æóíõÞóÇáõ: Åöäøóåõ ÃõãöÑó Ãóäú íóØúãóÆöäøó æóíóËúÈõÊó¡ áöÃóäøó ÇáúÎóæúÝó íóÍúÕõáõ ÈöÛóíúÑö ÇÎúÊöíóÇÑö ÇáúÚóÈúÏö ÅöÐóÇ áóãú íóßõäú áóåõ ãóÇ íõæÌöÈõ ÇáúÃóãúäó ÝóÅöÐóÇ ÍóÕóáó ãóÇ íõæÌöÈõ ÇáúÃóãúäó ÒóÇáó ÇáúÎóæúÝõ.
ÝóÞóæúáõåõ áöãõæÓóì {æóáóÇ ÊóÎóÝú ÓóäõÚöíÏõåóÇ ÓöíÑóÊóåóÇ ÇáúÃõæáóì} [ÓõæÑóÉõ Øå: 21] åõæó ÃóãúÑñ ãóÞúÑõæäñ ÈöÎóÈóÑöåö ÈöãóÇ íõÒöíáõ ÇáúÎóæúÝó.
æóßóÐóáößó Þóæúáõåõ: {ÝóÃóæúÌóÓó Ýöí äóÝúÓöåö ÎöíÝóÉð ãõæÓóì ÞõáúäóÇ áóÇ ÊóÎóÝú Åöäøóßó ÃóäúÊó ÇáúÃóÚúáóì} [ÓõæÑóÉõ Øå: 67¡ 68] åõæó äóåúíñ Úóäö ÇáúÎóæúÝö ãóÞúÑõæäñ ÈöãóÇ íõæÌöÈõ ÒóæóÇáóåõ.
* æóßóÐóáößó Þóæúáõ ÇáäøóÈöíøö Õóáøóì Çááøóåõ Úóáóíúåö æóÓóáøóãó áöÕöÏøöíÞöåö: " {áóÇ ÊóÍúÒóäú Åöäøó Çááøóåó ãóÚóäóÇ} äóåúíñ Úóäö ÇáúÍõÒúäö ãóÞúÑõæäñ ÈöãóÇ íõæÌöÈõ ÒóæóÇáóåõ * (1) æóåõæó Þóæúáõåõ.
Åöäøó Çááøóåó ãóÚóäóÇ æóÅöÐóÇ ÍóÕóáó ÇáúÎóÈóÑõ ÈöãóÇ íõæÌöÈõ ÒóæóÇáó ÇáúÍõÒúäö æóÇáúÎóæúÝö ÒóÇáó æóÅöáøóÇ Ýóåõæó ÊóåóÌøõãñ Úóáóì ÇáúÅöäúÓóÇäö ÈöÛóíúÑö ÇÎúÊöíóÇÑöåö.
æóåóßóÐóÇ Þóæúáõ ÕóÇÍöÈö ãóÏúíóäó áöãõæÓóì áóãøóÇ ÞóÕøó Úóáóíúåö ÇáúÞóÕóÕó: {áóÇ ÊóÎóÝú äóÌóæúÊó ãöäó ÇáúÞóæúãö ÇáÙøóÇáöãöíäó} [ÓõæÑóÉõ ÇáúÞóÕóÕö: 25] æóßóÐóáößó Þóæúáõåõ: {æóáóÇ ÊóåöäõæÇ æóáóÇ ÊóÍúÒóäõæÇ æóÃóäúÊõãõ ÇáúÃóÚúáóæúäó Åöäú ßõäúÊõãú ãõÄúãöäöíäó} [ÓõæÑóÉõ Âáö ÚöãúÑóÇäó: 139] ÞóÑóäó Çáäøóåúíó Úóäú Ðóáößó ÈöãóÇ íõÒöíáõåõ ãöäú ÅöÎúÈóÇÑöåö Ãóäøóåõãú åõãõ ÇáúÃóÚúáóæúäó Åöäú ßóÇäõæÇ ãõÄúãöäöíäó. æóßóÐóáößó Þóæúáõåõ: {æóáóÇ ÊóÍúÒóäú Úóáóíúåöãú æóáóÇ Êóßõ Ýöí ÖóíúÞò ãöãøóÇ íóãúßõÑõæäó} [ÓõæÑóÉõ ÇáäøóÍúáö: 127] ãóÞúÑõæäñ ÈöÞóæúáöåö: {Åöäøó Çááøóåó ãóÚó ÇáøóÐöíäó ÇÊøóÞóæúÇ æóÇáøóÐöíäó åõãú ãõÍúÓöäõæäó} [ÓõæÑóÉõ ÇáäøóÍúáö: 128] æóÅöÎúÈóÇÑõåõãú ÈöÃóäøó Çááøóåó ãóÚóåõãú íõæÌöÈõ ÒóæóÇáó ÇáÖøóíøöÞö ãöäú ãóßúÑö ÚóÏõæøöåöãú.
æóÞóÏú ÞóÇáó áóãøóÇ ÃóäúÒóáó Çááøóåõ ÇáúãóáóÇÆößóÉó íóæúãó ÈóÏúÑò: {æóãóÇ ÌóÚóáóåõ Çááøóåõ ÅöáøóÇ ÈõÔúÑóì áóßõãú æóáöÊóØúãóÆöäøó ÞõáõæÈõßõãú Èöåö æóãóÇ ÇáäøóÕúÑõ ÅöáøóÇ ãöäú ÚöäúÏö Çááøóåö ÇáúÚóÒöíÒö ÇáúÍóßöíãö} [ÓõæÑóÉõ Âáö ÚöãúÑóÇäó: 126] .
æóíõÞóÇáõ: ËóÇáöËðÇ: áóíúÓó Ýöí äóåúíöåö Úóäö ÇáúÍõÒúäö ãóÇ íóÏõáøõ Úóáóì æõÌõæÏöåö ßóãóÇ ÊóÞóÏøóãó¡ Èóáú ÞóÏú íóäúåóì Úóäúåõ áöÆóáøóÇ íõæÌóÏó ÅöÐóÇ æõÌöÏó ãõÞúÊóÖöíåö æóÍöíäóÆöÐò ÝóáóÇ íóÖõÑøõäóÇ ßóæúäõåõ ãóÚúÕöíóÉð áóæú æõÌöÏó ÝóÇáäøóåúíõ ÞóÏú íóßõæäõ äóåúíó ÊóÓúáöíóÉò æóÊóÚúÒöíóÉò æóÊóËúÈöíÊò¡ æóÅöäú áóãú íóßõäö Çáúãóäúåöíøõ Úóäúåõ ãóÚúÕöíóÉð¡ Èóáú ÞóÏú íóßõæäõ ãöãøóÇ íóÍúÕõáõ ÈöÛóíúÑö ÇÎúÊöíóÇÑö Çáúãõäúåóì æóÞóÏú íóßõæäõ ÇáúÍõÒúäõ ãöäú åóÐóÇ ÇáúÈóÇÈö.
æóáöÐóáößó ÞóÏú íõäúåóì ÇáÑøóÌõáõ Úóäú ÅöÝúÑóÇØöåö Ýöí ÇáúÍõÈøö æóÅöäú ßóÇäó ÇáúÍõÈøõ ãöãøóÇ áóÇ íõãúáóßõ æóíõäúåóì Úóäö ÇáúÛóÔúíö æóÇáÕøóÚúÞö æóÇáöÇÎúÊöáóÇÌö æóÅöäú ßóÇäó åóÐóÇ íóÍúÕõáõ ÈöÛóíúÑö ÇÎúÊöíóÇÑöåö æóÇáäøóåúíõ Úóäú Ðóáößó áóíúÓó áöÃóäøó Çáúãóäúåöíøó Úóäúåõ ãóÚúÕöíóÉñ ÅöÐóÇ ÍóÕóáó ÈöÛóíúÑö ÇÎúÊöíóÇÑöåö¡ æóáóãú íóßõäú ÓóÈóÈõåõ ãóÍúÙõæÑðÇ.
ÝóÅöäú Þöíáó Ýóíóßõæäõ ÞóÏú äõåöíó ÚóãøóÇ áóÇ íõãúßöäõ ÊóÑúßõåõ.
Þöíáó: ÇáúãõÑóÇÏõ ÈöÐóáößó Ãóäøóåõ ãóÃúãõæÑñ ÈöÃóäú íóÃúÊöíó ÈöÇáÖøöÏøö ÇáúãõäóÇÝöí áöáúÍõÒúäö¡ æóåõæó ÞóÇÏöÑñ Úóáóì ÇßúÊöÓóÇÈöåö¡ ÝóÅöäøó ÇáúÅöäúÓóÇäó ÞóÏú íóÓúÊóÑúÓöáõ Ýöí ÃóÓúÈóÇÈö ÇáúÍõÒúäö æóÇáúÎóæúÝö æóÓõÞõæØö ÈóÏóäöåö ÝóÅöÐóÇ ÓóÚóì Ýöí ÇßúÊöÓóÇÈö (2) ãóÇ íõÞóæøöíåö ËóÈóÊó ÞóáúÈõåõ æóÈóÏóäõåõ¡ æóÚóáóì
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(1) : ãóÇ Èóíúäó ÇáäøóÌúãóÊóíúäö ÓóÇÞöØñ ãöäú (ã) .
(2) ã Ýöí ÇßúÊöÓóÇÈöåö.(8/464)
åóÐóÇ Ýóíóßõæäõ Çáäøóåúíõ (1) Úóäú åóÐóÇ ÃóãúÑðÇ (2) ÈöãóÇ íõÒöíáõåõ æóÅöäú áóãú íóßõäú ãóÚúÕöíóÉð ßóãóÇ íõÄúãóÑõ ÇáúÅöäúÓóÇäõ ÈöÏóÝúÚö ÚóÏõæøöåõ Úóäúåõ¡ æóÈöÅöÒóÇáóÉö ÇáäøóÌóÇÓóÉö æóäóÍúæö Ðóáößó ãöãøóÇ íõÄúÐöíåö æóÅöäú áóãú íóßõäú ÍóÕóáó ÈöÐóäúÈò ãöäúåõ.
æóÇáúÍõÒúäõ íõÄúÐöí ÇáúÞóáúÈó¡ ÝóÃõãöÑó ÈöãóÇ íõÒöíáõåõ ßóãóÇ íõÄúãóÑõ ÈöãóÇ íõÒöíáõ ÇáäøóÌóÇÓóÉó¡ æóÇáúÍõÒúäõ (3) ÅöäøóãóÇ ÍóÕóáó ÈöØóÇÚóÉò¡ æóåõæó ãóÍóÈøóÉõ ÇáÑøóÓõæáö æóäõÕúÍõåõ¡ æóáóíúÓó åõæó ÈöãóÚúÕöíóÉò (4) íõÐóãøõ Úóáóíúåö æóÅöäøóãóÇ ÍóÕóáó ÈöÓóÈóÈö ÇáØøóÇÚóÉö áöÖóÚúÝö ÇáúÞóáúÈö ÇáøóÐöí áóÇ íõÐóãøõ (5) ÇáúãóÑúÁõ Úóáóíúåö æóÃõãöÑó ÈöÇßúÊöÓóÇÈö ÞõæøóÉò ÊóÏúÝóÚõåõ Úóäúåõ áöíõËóÇÈó Úóáóì Ðóáößó.
æóíõÞóÇáõ: ÑóÇÈöÚðÇ áóæú ÞõÏøöÑó Ãóäøó ÇáúÍõÒúäó ßóÇäó ãóÚúÕöíóÉð Ýóåõæó ÝóÚóáóåõ ÞóÈúáó Ãóäú íõäúåóì Úóäúåõ ÝóáóãøóÇ äõåöíó Úóäúåõ áóãú íóÝúÚóáúåõ¡ æóãóÇ ÝõÚöáó ÞóÈúáó ÇáÊøóÍúÑöíãö ÝóáóÇ ÅöËúãó Ýöíåö ßóãóÇ ßóÇäõæÇ ÞóÈúáó ÊóÍúÑöíãö ÇáúÎóãúÑö íóÔúÑóÈõæäóåóÇ æóíõÞóÇãöÑõæäó ÝóáóãøóÇ äõåõæÇ ÚóäúåóÇ ÇäúÊóåóæúÇ¡ Ëõãøó ÊóÇÈõæÇ ßóãóÇ ÊóÞóÏøóãó.
ÞóÇáó ÃóÈõæ ãõÍóãøóÏö Èúäõ ÍóÒúãò (6) : " æóÃóãøóÇ ÍõÒúäõ ÃóÈöí ÈóßúÑò ÑóÖöíó Çááøóåõ Úóäúåõ ÝóÅöäøóåõ ÞóÈúáó Ãóäú íóäúåóÇåõ ÑóÓõæáõ Çááøóåö Õóáøóì Çááøóåõ Úóáóíúåö æóÓóáøóãó Úóäúåõ (7) ßóÇäó ÛóÇíóÉó ÇáÑøöÖóÇ áöáøóåö ÝóÅöäøóåõ (8) ßóÇäó ÅöÔúÝóÇÞðÇ Úóáóì ÑóÓõæáö Çááøóåö Õóáøóì Çááøóåõ Úóáóíúåö æóÓóáøóãó¡ æóáöÐóáößó (9) ßóÇäó Çááøóåõ ãóÚóåõ æóÇááøóåõ áóÇ íóßõæäõ ÞóØøõ ãóÚó ÇáúÚõÕóÇÉö (10) Èóáú Úóáóíúåöãú¡ æóãóÇ ÍóÒöäó ÃóÈõæ ÈóßúÑò ÞóØøõ ÈóÚúÏó Ãóäú
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(1) ä¡ ã: Çáúãóäúåöíøõ
(2) ÃóãúÑðÇ: ÓóÇÞöØóÉñ ãöäú (ã)
(3) (3 - 3) ÓóÇÞöØóÉñ ãöäú (Ó) ¡ (È)
(4) ã: ãóÚúÕöíóÉð
(5) ã: áóÇ íóáõæãõ
(6) Ýöí ßöÊóÇÈöåö " ÇáúÝöÕóáö. . . " 4/221
(7) Úóäúåõ: ÓóÇÞöØóÉñ ãöäú (ã) ¡ (Ó) ¡ (È) . æóÝöí " ÇáúÝöÕóáö ": Úóäúåõ ÑóÓõæáõ Çááøóåö Õóáøóì Çááøóåõ Úóáóíúåö æóÓóáøóãó.
(8) ÇáúÝöÕóáõ: áöÃóäøóåõ
(9) ä¡ ã¡ Ó æóßóÐóáößó
(10)) ÇáúÝöÕóáõ: æóåõæó ÊóÚóÇáöí áóÇ íóßõæäõ ãóÚó ÇáúÚõÕóÇÉö.(8/466)
äóåóÇåõ ÑóÓõæáõ Çááøóåö Õóáøóì Çááøóåõ Úóáóíúåö æóÓóáøóãó Úóäö ÇáúÍõÒúäö¡ æóáóæú ßóÇäó áöåóÄõáóÇÁö ÇáúÃóÑúÐóÇáö (1) ÍóíóÇÁñ¡ Ãóæú Úöáúãñ áóãú íóÃúÊõæÇ ÈöãöËúáö åóÐóÇ¡ ÅöÐú áóæú ßóÇäó ÍõÒúäõ ÃóÈöí ÈóßúÑò ÚóíúÈðÇ Úóáóíúåö áóßóÇäó Ðóáößó Úóáóì ãõÍóãøóÏò æóãõæÓóì ÚóáóíúåöãóÇ ÇáÕøóáóÇÉõ æóÇáÓøóáóÇãõ ÚóíúÈðÇ (2) ¡ áöÃóäøó Çááøóåó ÊóÚóÇáóì ÞóÇáó áöãõæÓóì: {ÓóäóÔõÏøõ ÚóÖõÏóßó ÈöÃóÎöíßó æóäóÌúÚóáõ áóßõãóÇ ÓõáúØóÇäðÇ ÝóáóÇ íóÕöáõæäó ÅöáóíúßõãóÇ ÈöÂíóÇÊöäóÇ ÃóäúÊõãóÇ æóãóäö ÇÊøóÈóÚóßõãóÇ ÇáúÛóÇáöÈõæäó} [ÓõæÑóÉõ ÇáúÞóÕóÕö: 35] ¡ Ëõãøó ÞóÇáó Úóäö ÇáÓøóÍóÑóÉö áóãøóÇ ÞóÇáõæÇ (3) : {ÅöãøóÇ Ãóäú ÊõáúÞöíó æóÅöãøóÇ Ãóäú äóßõæäó Ãóæøóáó ãóäú ÃóáúÞóì} Åöáóì Þóæúáöåö: {ÝóÃóæúÌóÓó Ýöí äóÝúÓöåö ÎöíÝóÉð ãõæÓóì ÞõáúäóÇ áóÇ ÊóÎóÝú Åöäøóßó ÃóäúÊó ÇáúÃóÚúáóì} [ÓõæÑóÉõ Øå: 67¡ 68] (4) ¡ ÝóåóÐóÇ ãõæÓóì ÑóÓõæáõ Çááøóåö æóßóáöíãõåõ ßóÇäó ÞóÏú (5) ÃóÎúÈóÑóåõ Çááøóåõ ÚóÒøó æóÌóáøó ÈöÃóäøó ÝöÑúÚóæúäó æóãóáóÃóåõ áóÇ íóÕöáõæäó ÅöáóíúåöãóÇ¡ æóÃóäøóåõ åõæó ÇáúÛóÇáöÈõ (6) ¡ Ëõãøó ÃóæúÌóÓó (7) Ýöí äóÝúÓöåö ÎöíÝóÉð ÈóÚúÏó Ðóáößó ÝóÅöíÌóÇÓõ (8) ãõæÓóì áóãú íóßõäú (9) ÅöáøóÇ áöäöÓúíóÇäöåö ÇáúæóÚúÏó ÇáúãõÊóÞóÏøöãó¡ æóÍõÒúäõ ÃóÈöí ÈóßúÑò ßóÇäó ÞóÈúáó (10) Ãóäú íõäúåóì Úóäúåõ¡ æóÃóãøóÇ
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(1) 1) Ó¡ È: ÇáúÃóÑóÇÐöáö
(2) 2) ÇáúÝöÕóáõ: Úóáóì ãõÍóãøóÏò æóãõæÓóì ÑóÓõæáõ Çááøóåö Õóáøóì Çááøóåõ Úóáóíúåö æóÓóáøóãó ÚóíúÈðÇ
(3) 3) ÇáúÝöÕóáõ: Ëõãøó ÞóÇáó ÊóÚóÇáóì Úóäö ÇáÓøóÍóÑóÉö Ãóäøóåõãú ÞóÇáõæÇ áöãõæÓóì. .
(4) 4) Ýöí ÇáúÝöÕóáö ÐóßóÑó ÇÈúäõ ÍóÒúãò ÇáúÂíóÇÊö ßõáøóåóÇ ãõÊøóÕöáóÉð
(5) 5) ÇáúÝöÕóáõ: ÑóÓõæáõ Çááøóåö Õóáøóì Çááøóåõ Úóáóíúåö æóÓóáøóãó ÞóÏú ßóÇäó.
(6) 6) ÇáúÝöÕóáõ: Åöáóíúåö¡ æóÃóäøó ãõæÓóì æóãóäö ÇÊøóÈóÚóåõ åõæó ÇáúÛóÇáöÈõ. .
(7) 7) ä¡ Ó¡ È: æóÃóæúÌóÓó.
(8) 8) ÇÎúÊóÕóÑó ÇÈúäõ ÊóíúãöíóÉó ßóáóÇãó ÇÈúäö ÍóÒúãò æóÊóÑóßó ãóÇ íóÞúÑõÈõ ãöäú ËóáóÇËóÉö ÃóÓúØõÑò ãöäú ßóáóÇãöåö¡ æóÈóÏóÃó ßóáóÇãóåõ ÈóÚúÏó Ðóáößó ÈöÚöÈóÇÑóÉö: " Èóáú ÅöíÌóÇÓõ. .
(9) ÇáúÝöÕóáõ: ãõæÓóì ÇáúÎöíÝóÉó Ýöí äóÝúÓöåö áóãú íóßõäú. . .
(10)) ÇáúÝöÕóáõ: æóÍõÒúäõ ÃóÈöí ÈóßúÑò ÑóÖöíó Çááøóåõ Úóäúåõ ÑöÖðÇ áöáøóåö ÊóÚóÇáöí ÞóÈúáó. .(8/467)
ãõÍóãøóÏñ Õóáøóì Çááøóåõ Úóáóíúåö æóÓóáøóãó¡ ÝóÅöäøó Çááøóåó ÞóÇáó (1) : {æóãóäú ßóÝóÑó ÝóáóÇ íóÍúÒõäúßó ßõÝúÑõåõ} [ÓõæÑóÉõ áõÞúãóÇäó: 23] æóÞóÇáó ÊóÚóÇáóì: {æóáóÇ ÊóÍúÒóäú Úóáóíúåöãú æóáóÇ Êóßõ Ýöí ÖóíúÞò ãöãøóÇ íóãúßõÑõæäó} [ÓõæÑóÉõ ÇáäøóÍúáö: 127] ¡ æóÞóÇáó: {ÝóáóÇ íóÍúÒõäúßó Þóæúáõåõãú} [ÓõæÑóÉõ íÓ: 76] (2) ¡ {ÝóáóÇ ÊóÐúåóÈú äóÝúÓõßó Úóáóíúåöãú ÍóÓóÑóÇÊò} [ÓõæÑóÉõ ÝóÇØöÑò: 8] ¡ æóæóÌóÏúäóÇåõ (3) ÊóÚóÇáóì ÞóÏú ÞóÇáó: {ÞóÏú äóÚúáóãõ Åöäøóåõ áóíóÍúÒõäõßó ÇáøóÐöí íóÞõæáõæäó} [ÓõæÑóÉõ ÇáúÃóäúÚóÇãö: 33] ÝóÞóÏú ÃóÎúÈóÑóäóÇ Ãóäøóåõ íóÚúáóãõ (4) Ãóäøó ÑóÓõæáóåõ (5) íõÍúÒöäõåõ ÇáøóÐöí íóÞõæáõæäó æóäóåóÇåõ Úóäú Ðóáößó¡ ÝóíóáúÒóãõåõãú (6) Ýöí ÍóÒúäö ÑóÓõæáö Çááøóåö Õóáøóì Çááøóåõ Úóáóíúåö æóÓóáøóãó ßóÇáøóÐöí ÃóæúÑóÏõæÇ (7) Ýöí ÍóÒúäö ÃóÈöí ÈóßúÑò ÓóæóÇÁð (8) æóäóÚóãú (9) Åöäøó ÍõÒúäó ÑóÓõæáö Çááøóåö Õóáøóì Çááøóåõ Úóáóíúåö æóÓóáøóãó ÈöãóÇ ßóÇäõæÇ íóÞõæáõæäó ãöäó ÇáúßõÝúÑö ßóÇäó ØóÇÚóÉð áöáøóåö ÞóÈúáó Ãóäú íóäúåóÇåõ Çááøóåõ ßóãóÇ ßóÇäó (10) ÍõÒúäõ ÃóÈöí ÈóßúÑò ØóÇÚóÉð áöáøóåö ÞóÈúáó Ãóäú íóäúåóÇåõ Úóäúåõ¡ æóãóÇ ÍóÒöäó ÃóÈõæ ÈóßúÑò
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(1) ÇáúÝöÕóáõ:. . íóäúåóì Úóäúåõ¡ æóáóãú íóßõäú ÊóÞóÏøóãó Åöáóíúåö äóåúíñ Úóäö ÇáúÍõÒúäö¡ æóÃóãóÇãó ÑóÓõæáö Çááøóåö Õóáøóì Çááøóåõ Úóáóíúåö æóÓóáøóãó ÝóÅöäøó Çááøóåó ÚóÒøó æóÌóáøó ÞóÇáó.
(2) ÒóÇÏó Ýöí " ÇáúÝöÕóáö " Åöäøó ÇáúÚöÒøóÉó áöáøóåö ÌóãöíÚðÇ æóÈóÚúÏóåóÇ: æóÞóÇáó ÊóÚóÇáóì.
(3) ÞóÈúáó åóÐöåö ÇáúßóáöãóÉö Ýöí " ÇáúÝöÕóáö " ÐóßóÑó ÂíóÉó ÑóÞúãö 6 ãöäú ÓõæÑóÉö ÇáúßóåúÝö " ÝóáóÚóáøóßó ÈóÇÎöÚñ äóÝúÓóßó. . .
(4) ãóÇ Èóíúäó ÇáäøóÌúãóÊóíúäö ÓóÇÞöØñ ãöäú (Ó) (È)
(5) ÇáúÝöÕóáõ 4/222: " æóÞóÇáóåõ ÃóíúÖðÇ Ýöí ÇáúÃóäúÚóÇãö. ÝóåóÐóÇ Çááøóåõ ÊóÚóÇáóì ÃóÎúÈóÑóäóÇ Ãóäøóåõ íóÚúáóãõ Ãóäøó ÑóÓõæáó Çááøóåö Õóáøóì Çááøóåõ Úóáóíúåö æóÓóáøóãó
(6) ÇáúÝöÕóáõ: æóäóåóÇåõ ÚóÒøó æóÌóáøó Úóäú Ðóáößó äóÕøðÇ¡ ÝóíóáúÒóãõåõãú.
(7) ÇáúÝöÕóáõ:. . æóÓóáøóãó ÇáøóÐöí äóåóÇåõ Çááøóåõ ÊóÚóÇáóì Úóäúåõ ßóÇáøóÐöí ÃóÑóÇÏõæÇ. .
(8) ÇáúÝöÕóáõ:. . ÓóæóÇÁð ÓóæóÇÁð
(9) È (ÝóÞóØú) : æóäóÚúáóãõ.
(10) ÇáúÝöÕóáõ: ÞóÈúáó Ãóäú íóäúåóÇåõ Çááøóåõ ÚóÒøó æóÌóáøó¡ æóãóÇ ÍóÒöäó Úóáóíúåö ÇáÓøóáóÇãõ ÈóÚúÏó Ãóäú äóåóÇåõ ÑóÈøõåõ ÊóÚóÇáóì Úóäö ÇáúÍõÒúäö¡ ßóãóÇ ßóÇäó.(8/468)
ÈóÚúÏó (1) ãóÇ äóåóÇåõ ÇáäøóÈöíøõ Õóáøóì Çááøóåõ Úóáóíúåö æóÓóáøóãó Úóäö ÇáúÍõÒúäö¡ ÝóßóíúÝó æóÞóÏú íõãúßöäõ (2) Ãóäøó ÃóÈóÇ ÈóßúÑò áóãú íóßõäú ÍóÒöäó (3) íóæúãóÆöÐò¿ ¡ áóßöäú äóåóÇåõ Õóáøóì Çááøóåõ Úóáóíúåö æóÓóáøóãó Úóäú (4) Ãóäú íóßõæäó ãöäúåõ ÍõÒúäñ¡ ßóãóÇ ÞóÇáó ÊóÚóÇáóì (5) : {æóáóÇ ÊõØöÚú ãöäúåõãú ÂËöãðÇ Ãóæú ßóÝõæÑðÇ} [ÓõæÑóÉõ ÇáúÅöäúÓóÇäö: 24] .
[ÝÕá ÇáßáÇã Úáì Þæáå ÊÚÇáì áÇ ÊÍÒä Åä Çááå ãÚäÇ]
ÝóÕúáñ.
ÞóÇáó ÔóíúÎõ ÇáúÅöÓúáóÇãö ÇáúãõÕóäøöÝõ ÑóÍöãóåõ Çááøóåõ ÊóÚóÇáóì æóÑóÖöíó Çááøóåõ Úóäúåõ (6) : æóÞóÏú ÒóÚóãó ÈóÚúÖõ ÇáÑøóÇÝöÖóÉö Ãóäøó Þóæúáóåõ ÊóÚóÇáóì: {ÅöÐú íóÞõæáõ áöÕóÇÍöÈöåö áóÇ ÊóÍúÒóäú Åöäøó Çááøóåó ãóÚóäóÇ} [ÓõæÑóÉõ ÇáÊøóæúÈóÉö: 40] áóÇ íóÏõáøõ Úóáóì ÅöíãóÇäö ÃóÈöí ÈóßúÑò¡ ÝóÅöäøó ÇáÕøõÍúÈóÉó ÞóÏú Êóßõæäõ ãöäó ÇáúãõÄúãöäö æóÇáúßóÇÝöÑö.
ßóãóÇ ÞóÇáó ÊóÚóÇáóì: {æóÇÖúÑöÈú áóåõãú ãóËóáðÇ ÑóÌõáóíúäö ÌóÚóáúäóÇ áöÃóÍóÏöåöãóÇ ÌóäøóÊóíúäö ãöäú ÃóÚúäóÇÈò æóÍóÝóÝúäóÇåõãóÇ ÈöäóÎúáò æóÌóÚóáúäóÇ ÈóíúäóåõãóÇ ÒóÑúÚðÇ - ßöáúÊóÇ ÇáúÌóäøóÊóíúäö ÂÊóÊú ÃõßõáóåóÇ æóáóãú ÊóÙúáöãú ãöäúåõ ÔóíúÆðÇ æóÝóÌøóÑúäóÇ ÎöáóÇáóåõãóÇ äóåóÑðÇ - æóßóÇäó áóåõ ËóãóÑñ ÝóÞóÇáó áöÕóÇÍöÈöåö æóåõæó íõÍóÇæöÑõåõ ÃóäóÇ ÃóßúËóÑõ ãöäúßó ãóÇáðÇ æóÃóÚóÒøõ äóÝóÑðÇ - æóÏóÎóáó ÌóäøóÊóåõ æóåõæó ÙóÇáöãñ áöäóÝúÓöåö ÞóÇáó ãóÇ ÃóÙõäøõ Ãóäú ÊóÈöíÏó åóÐöåö ÃóÈóÏðÇ} [ÓõæÑóÉõ ÇáúßóåúÝö: 32¡ 35] Åöáóì Þóæúáöåö:
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(1) ÇáúÝöÕóáõ: ÞóÈúáó Ãóäú íóäúåóÇåõ Çááøóåõ ÚóÒøó æóÌóáøó Úóäö ÇáúÍõÒúäö¡ æóãóÇ ÍóÒöäó ÃóÈõæ ÈóßúÑò ÞóØøõ ÈóÚúÏó. . .
(2) ã: æóÞóÏú íóßõæäõ.
(3) ÇáúÝöÕóáõ: æóÞóÏú íõãúßöäõ Ãóäú íóßõæäó ÃóÈõæ ÈóßúÑò áóãú íóÍúÒóäú. . .
(4) Úóäú: ÓóÇÞöØóÉñ ãöäú (Ó) ¡ (È) .
(5) ÇáúÝöÕóáõ:. . ÊóÚóÇáóì áöäóÈöíøöåö Úóáóíúåö ÇáÓøóáóÇãõ
(6) (6 - 6) : åóÐöåö ÇáúÚöÈóÇÑóÇÊõ Ýöí ÌóãöíÚö ÇáäøõÓóÎö¡ æóåöíó ßóãóÇ íóÙúåóÑõ ãöäú ßóáóÇãö ÇáäøõÓøóÇÎö.(8/469)
{ÞóÇáó áóåõ ÕóÇÍöÈõåõ æóåõæó íõÍóÇæöÑõåõ ÃóßóÝóÑúÊó ÈöÇáøóÐöí ÎóáóÞóßó ãöäú ÊõÑóÇÈò Ëõãøó ãöäú äõØúÝóÉò} [ÓõæÑóÉõ ÇáúßóåúÝö: 37] ÇáúÂíóÉó.
ÝóíõÞóÇáõ: ãóÚúáõæãñ Ãóäøó áóÝúÙó " ÇáÕøóÇÍöÈö " Ýöí ÇááøõÛóÉö íóÊóäóÇæóáõ ãóäú ÕóÍöÈó ÛóíúÑóåõ áóíúÓó Ýöíåö ÏóáóÇáóÉñ ÈöãõÌóÑøóÏö åóÐóÇ ÇááøóÝúÙö Úóáóì Ãóäøóåõ æóáöíøõåõ¡ Ãóæú ÚóÏõæøõåõ¡ Ãóæú ãõÄúãöäñ¡ Ãóæú ßóÇÝöÑñ¡ ÅöáøóÇ áöãóÇ íóÞúÊóÑöäõ Èöåö.
æóÞóÏú ÞóÇáó ÊóÚóÇáóì: {æóÇáÕøóÇÍöÈö ÈöÇáúÌóäúÈö æóÇÈúäö ÇáÓøóÈöíáö} [ÓõæÑóÉõ ÇáäøöÓóÇÁö: 36] ¡ æóåõæó íóÊóäóÇæóáõ ÇáÑøóÝöíÞó Ýöí ÇáÓøóÝóÑö æóÇáÒøóæúÌóÉó¡ æóáóíúÓó Ýöíåö ÏóáóÇáóÉñ Úóáóì ÅöíãóÇäò¡ Ãóæú ßõÝúÑò (1) .
æóßóÐóáößó Þóæúáõåõ ÊóÚóÇáóì: {æóÇáäøóÌúãö ÅöÐóÇ åóæóì - ãóÇ Öóáøó ÕóÇÍöÈõßõãú æóãóÇ Ûóæóì} [ÓõæÑóÉõ ÇáäøóÌúãö: 1¡ 2] æóÞóæúáõåõ: {æóãóÇ ÕóÇÍöÈõßõãú ÈöãóÌúäõæäò} [ÓõæÑóÉõ ÇáÊøóßúæöíÑö: 22] ÇáúãõÑóÇÏõ Èöåö ãõÍóãøóÏñ Õóáøóì Çááøóåõ Úóáóíúåö æóÓóáøóãó áößóæúäöåö ÕóÍöÈó ÇáúÈóÔóÑó ÝóÅöäøóåõ ÅöÐóÇ ßóÇäó ÞóÏú ÕóÍöÈóåõãú ßóÇäó Èóíúäóåõ æóÈóíúäóåõãú ãöäó ÇáúãõÔóÇÑóßóÉö ãóÇ íõãúßöäõåõãú Ãóäú íóäúÞõáõæÇ Úóäúåõ ãóÇ ÌóÇÁóåõ ãöäó ÇáúæóÍúíö¡ æóãóÇ íóÓúãóÚõæäó Èöåö ßóáóÇãóåõ æóíóÝúÞóåõæäó ãóÚóÇäöíóåö ÈöÎöáóÇÝö Çáúãóáóßö ÇáøóÐöí áóãú íóÕúÍóÈúåõãú ÝóÅöäøóåõ áóÇ íõãúßöäõåõãõ ÇáúÃóÎúÐõ Úóäúåõ.
æóÃóíúÖðÇ ÞóÏú ÊóÖóãøóäó Ðóáößó Ãóäøóåõ ÈóÔóÑñ ãöäú ÌöäúÓöåöãú (2) ¡ æóÃóÎóÕøõ ãöäú Ðóáößó Ãóäøóåõ ÚóÑóÈöíøñ ÈöáöÓóÇäöåöãú ßóãóÇ ÞóÇáó ÊóÚóÇáóì: {áóÞóÏú ÌóÇÁóßõãú ÑóÓõæáñ ãöäú ÃóäúÝõÓößõãú ÚóÒöíÒñ Úóáóíúåö} [ÓõæÑóÉõ ÇáÊøóæúÈóÉö: 128] ¡ æóÞóÇáó: {æóãóÇ ÃóÑúÓóáúäóÇ ãöäú ÑóÓõæáò ÅöáøóÇ ÈöáöÓóÇäö Þóæúãöåö} [ÓõæÑóÉõ ÅöÈúÑóÇåöíãó: 4] ÝóÅöäøóåõ ÅöÐóÇ ßóÇäó ÞóÏú ÕóÍöÈóåõãú ßóÇäó ÞóÏú ÊóÚóáøóãó áöÓóÇäóåõãú¡ æóÃóãúßóäóåõ
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(1) ã: æóßõÝúÑò.
(2) ä¡ ã¡ Ó: Ãóäøóåõ ãöäú ÌöäúÓöåöãú ÈóÔóÑñ.(8/470)
Ãóäú íõÎóÇØöÈóåõãú ÈöáöÓóÇäöåöãú (1) ¡ ÝóíõÑúÓöáõ ÑóÓõæáðÇ ÈöáöÓóÇäöåöãú áöíóÊóÝóÞøóåõæÇ (2) Úóäúåõ¡ ÝóßóÇäó ÐößúÑõ ÕõÍúÈóÊöåö áóåõãú åõäóÇ Úóáóì ÇááøõØúÝö Èöåöãú¡ æóÇáúÅöÍúÓóÇäö Åöáóíúåöãú.
æóåóÐóÇ ÈöÎöáóÇÝö ÅöÖóÇÝóÉö ÇáÕøõÍúÈóÉö Åöáóíúåö ßóÞóæúáöåö ÊóÚóÇáóì: {áóÇ ÊóÍúÒóäú Åöäøó Çááøóåó ãóÚóäóÇ} æóÞóæúáö ÇáäøóÈöíøö Õóáøóì Çááøóåõ Úóáóíúåö æóÓóáøóãó: " «áóÇ ÊóÓõÈøõæÇ ÃóÕúÍóÇÈöí¡ ÝóæóÇáøóÐöí äóÝúÓöí ÈöíóÏöåö áóæú ÃóäúÝóÞó ÃóÍúÏõßõãõ ãöËúáó ÃõÍöÏò ÐóåóÈðÇ ãóÇ ÈóáóÛó ãõÏøó ÃóÍóÏöåöãú æóáóÇ äóÕöíÝóåõ» " (3) ¡ æóÞóæúáõåõ: " «åóáú ÃóäúÊõãú ÊóÇÑößöí áöí ÕóÇÍöÈöí» ¿ " (4) æóÃóãúËóÇáõ Ðóáößó.
ÝóÅöäøó ÅöÖóÇÝóÉó ÇáÕøõÍúÈóÉö Åöáóíúåö Ýöí ÎöØóÇÈöåö (5) æóÎöØóÇÈõ ÇáúãõÓúáöãöíäó ÊóÊóÖóãøóäõ ÕõÍúÈóÉó ãõæóÇáóÇÉò áóåõ¡ æóÐóáößó áóÇ íóßõæäõ ÅöáøóÇ ÈöÇáúÅöíãóÇäö Èöåö ÝóáóÇ íõØúáóÞõ áóÝúÙõ ÕóÇÍöÈöåö Úóáóì ãóäú ÕóÍöÈóåõ Ýöí ÓóÝóÑöåö æóåõæó ßóÇÝöÑñ Èöåö.
æóÇáúÞõÑúÂäõ íóÞõæáõ Ýöíåö: {ÅöÐú íóÞõæáõ áöÕóÇÍöÈöåö áóÇ ÊóÍúÒóäú Åöäøó Çááøóåó ãóÚóäóÇ} [ÓõæÑóÉõ ÇáÊøóæúÈóÉö: 40] ÝóÃóÎúÈóÑó ÇáÑøóÓõæáõ Ãóäøó Çááøóåó ãóÚóåõ æóãóÚó ÕóÇÍöÈöåö¡ æóåóÐöåö ÇáúãóÚöíøóÉõ ÊóÊóÖóãøóäõ ÇáäøóÕúÑó æóÇáÊøóÃúíöíÏó¡ æóåõæó ÅöäøóãóÇ íóäúÕõÑõåõ Úóáóì ÚóÏõæøöåö æóßõáøõ ßóÇÝöÑò ÚóÏõæøõåõ ÝóíóãúÊóäöÚõ Ãóäú íóßõæäó Çááøóåõ ãõÄóíøöÏðÇ áóåõ æóáöÚóÏõæøöåö ãóÚðÇ¡ æóáóæú ßóÇäó ãóÚó ÚóÏõæøöåö áóßóÇäó Ðóáößó ãöãøóÇ íõæÌöÈõ ÇáúÍõÒúäó¡ æóíõÒöíáõ ÇáÓøóßöíäóÉó ÝóÚõáöãó Ãóäøó áóÝúÙó ÕóÇÍöÈöåö ÊóÖóãøóäó ÕõÍúÈóÉó æöáóÇíóÉò æóãóÍóÈøóÉò æóÊóÓúÊóáúÒöãõ ÇáúÅöíãóÇäó áóåõ æóÈöåö.
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(1) ä¡ ã¡ Ó: ÈöáöÓóÇäöåö.
(2) ä¡ ã: áöíóÝúÞóåõæÇ. .
(3) ä¡ ã: äöÕúÝóåõ. æóÓóÈóÞó åóÐóÇ ÇáúÍóÏöíËõ ÝöíãóÇ ãóÖóì 2/21.
(4) ÓóÈóÞó åóÐóÇ ÇáúÍóÏöíËõ ÞóÈúáó ÕóÝóÍóÇÊò Ýöí åóÐóÇ ÇáúÌõÒúÁö
(5) ä¡ ã¡ Ó: ÝóÅöäøó ÅöÖóÇÝóÉó ÇáÕøõÍúÈóÉö Åöáóíúåö ãóÇ ÈóáóÛó Ýöí ÎöØóÇÈöåö¡ æóÌóÇÁóÊú ÚöÈóÇÑóÉõ " ãóÇ ÈóáóÛó " Ýöí ÇáäøõÓóÎö ÇáËøóáóÇËö ÊóÍúÊó ÚöÈóÇÑóÉö " ãóÇ ÈóáóÛó " Ýöí ÍóÏöíËö ÇáäøóÈöíøö Õóáøóì Çááøóåõ Úóáóíúåö æóÓóáøóãó ÇáÓøóÇÈöÞö. . ãóÇ ÈóáóÛó ãõÏøó ÃóÍóÏöåöãú. . . æóÇáÙøóÇåöÑõ Ãóäøóåõ ÓóÈúÞõ äóÙóÑò ãöäó ÇáäøõÓøóÇÎö Ãóæú ãöäú ÃóÍóÏöåöãú¡ æóáöÐóáößó ÃóÕóÇÈó ãõÍóÞøöÞõ (È) ÈöÍóÐúÝö åóÐöåö ÇáúÚöÈóÇÑóÉö.(8/471)
æóÃóíúÖðÇ ÝóÞóæúáõåõ: " {áóÇ ÊóÍúÒóäú} " Ïóáöíáñ Úóáóì Ãóäøóåõ æóáöíøõåõ¡ æóÅöäøóåõ ÍóÒöäó ÎóæúÝðÇ ãöäú ÚóÏõæøöåöãóÇ ÝóÞóÇáó áóåõ: {áóÇ ÊóÍúÒóäú Åöäøó Çááøóåó ãóÚóäóÇ} ¡ æóáóæú ßóÇäó ÚóÏõæøóåõ áóßóÇäó áóãú íóÍúÒóäú ÅöáøóÇ ÍóíúËõ íóÊóãóßøóäõ ãöäú ÞóåúÑöåö ÝóáóÇ íõÞóÇáõ áóåõ: {áóÇ ÊóÍúÒóäú Åöäøó Çááøóåó ãóÚóäóÇ} ¡ áöÃóäøó ßóæúäó Çááøóåö (1) ãóÚó äóÈöíøöåö ãöãøóÇ íóÓõÑøõ ÇáäøóÈöíøó¡ æóßóæúäóåõ ãóÚó ÚóÏõæøöåö ãöãøóÇ íóÓõæÁõåõ ÝóíõãúÊóäóÚõ Ãóäú íõÌúãóÚó ÈóíúäóåõãóÇ áóÇ ÓöíøóãóÇ ãóÚó Þóæúáöåö: {áóÇ ÊóÍúÒóäú} ¡ Ëõãøó Þóæúáöåö: {ÅöÐú ÃóÎúÑóÌóåõ ÇáøóÐöíäó ßóÝóÑõæÇ ËóÇäöíó ÇËúäóíúäö ÅöÐú åõãóÇ Ýöí ÇáúÛóÇÑö} [ÓõæÑóÉõ ÇáÊøóæúÈóÉö: 40] .
æóäóÕúÑõåõ áóÇ íóßõæäõ ÈöÃóäú íóÞúÊóÑöäó Èöåö ÚóÏõæøõåõ æóÍúÏóåõ æóÅöäøóãóÇ íóßõæäõ ÈöÇÞúÊöÑóÇäö æóáöíøöåö æóäóÌóÇÊöåö ãöäú ÚóÏõæøöåö ÝóßóíúÝó [áóÇ] íóäúÕõÑõ (2) Úóáóì ÇáøóÐöíäó ßóÝóÑõæÇ ãóäú íóßõæäõæäó ÞóÏú áóÒöãõæåõ¡ æóáóãú íõÝóÇÑöÞõæåõ (3) áóíúáðÇ æóáóÇ äóåóÇÑðÇ æóåõãú ãóÚóåõ Ýöí ÓóÝóÑöåö¿ .
æóÞóæúáõåõ: {ËóÇäöíó ÇËúäóíúäö} ÍóÇáñ ãöäó ÇáÖøóãöíÑö Ýöí ÃóÎúÑóÌóåõ¡ Ãóíú: ÃóÎúÑóÌõæåõ Ýöí ÍóÇáö ßóæúäöåö äóÈöíøðÇ ËóÇäöíó ÇËúäóíúäö¡ Ýóåõæó ãóæúÕõæÝñ ÈöÃóäøóåõ ÃóÍóÏõ ÇáöÇËúäóíúäö Ýóíóßõæäõ ÇáöÇËúäóÇäö ãõÎúÑóÌóíúäö ÌóãöíÚðÇ ÝóÅöäøóåõ íóãúÊóäöÚõ Ãóäú íóÎúÑõÌó ËóÇäöíó ÇËúäóíúäö ÅöáøóÇ ãóÚó ÇáúÂÎóÑö ÝóÅöäøóåõ áóæú ÃõÎúÑöÌó Ïõæäóåõ áóãú íóßõäú ÞóÏú ÃõÎúÑöÌó ËóÇäöíó ÇËúäóíúäö ÝóÏóáøó Úóáóì Ãóäøó ÇáúßõÝøóÇÑó ÃóÎúÑóÌõæåõ ËóÇäöíó ÇËúäóíúäö ÝóÃóÎúÑóÌõæåõ ãõÕóÇÍöÈðÇ áöÞóÑöíäöåö Ýöí ÍóÇáö ßóæúäöåö ãóÚóåõ ÝóáóÒöãó Ãóäú íóßõæäõæÇ (4) ÃóÎúÑóÌõæåõãóÇ.
æóÐóáößó åõæó ÇáúæóÇÞöÚõ¡ ÝóÅöäøó ÇáúßõÝøóÇÑó ÃóÎúÑóÌõæÇ ÇáúãõåóÇÌöÑöíäó ßõáøóåõãú ßóãóÇ ÞóÇáó ÊóÚóÇáóì: {áöáúÝõÞóÑóÇÁö ÇáúãõåóÇÌöÑöíäó ÇáøóÐöíäó ÃõÎúÑöÌõæÇ ãöäú ÏöíÇÑöåöãú æóÃóãúæóÇáöåöãú íóÈúÊóÛõæäó ÝóÖúáðÇ ãöäó Çááøóåö æóÑöÖúæóÇäðÇ} [ÓõæÑóÉõ ÇáúÍóÔúÑö: 8] .
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(1) Ó¡ È: áöÃóäøó ßóæúäóåõ.
(2) Ýöí ÌóãöíÚö ÇáäøõÓóÎö: ÝóßóíúÝó íóäúÕõÑõ. . . ÅöáóÎ. . æóÃóÑúÌõæ Ãóäú íóßõæäó ÇáÕøóæóÇÈõ ãóÇ ÃóËúÈóÊøõåõ.
(3) ä¡ Ó¡ È: ãóäú íóßõæäõ ÞóÏú áóÒöãõæåõ áóãú íõÝóÇÑöÞõæåõ.
(4) ã: Ãóäú íóßõæäó.(8/472)
æóÞóÇáó ÊóÚóÇáóì: {ÃõÐöäó áöáøóÐöíäó íõÞóÇÊóáõæäó ÈöÃóäøóåõãú ÙõáöãõæÇ æóÅöäøó Çááøóåó Úóáóì äóÕúÑöåöãú áóÞóÏöíÑñ - ÇáøóÐöíäó ÃõÎúÑöÌõæÇ ãöäú ÏöíóÇÑöåöãú ÈöÛóíúÑö ÍóÞøò ÅöáøóÇ Ãóäú íóÞõæáõæÇ ÑóÈøõäóÇ Çááøóåõ} [ÓõæÑóÉõ ÇáúÍóÌøö: 39¡ 40] .
æóÞóÇáó: {ÅöäøóãóÇ íóäúåóÇßõãõ Çááøóåõ Úóäö ÇáøóÐöíäó ÞóÇÊóáõæßõãú Ýöí ÇáÏøöíäö æóÃóÎúÑóÌõæßõãú ãöäú ÏöíóÇÑößõãú æóÙóÇåóÑõæÇ Úóáóì ÅöÎúÑóÇÌößõãú Ãóäú Êóæóáøóæúåõãú} [ÓõæÑóÉõ ÇáúãõãúÊóÍóäóÉö: 9] .
æóÐóáößó Ãóäøóåõãú ãóäóÚõæåõãú Ãóäú íõÞöíãõæÇ ÈöãóßøóÉó ãóÚó ÇáúÅöíãóÇäö¡ æóåõãú áóÇ íõãúßöäõåõãú ÊóÑúßõ ÇáúÅöíãóÇäö ÝóÞóÏú ÃóÎúÑóÌõæåõãú (* ÅöÐóÇ ßóÇäõæÇ ãõÄúãöäöíäó æóåóÐóÇ íóÏõáøõ Úóáóì Ãóäøó ÇáúßõÝøóÇÑó ÃóÎúÑóÌõæÇ ÕóÇÍöÈóåõ ßóãóÇ ÃóÎúÑóÌõæåõ¡ æóÇáúßõÝøóÇÑõ ÅöäøóãóÇ ÃóÎúÑóÌõæÇ *) (1) ÃóÚúÏóÇÁóåõãú áóÇ ãóäú ßóÇäó ßóÇÝöÑðÇ ãöäúåõãú.
ÝóåóÐóÇ íóÏõáøõ Úóáóì Ãóäøó ÕõÍúÈóÊóåõ ÕõÍúÈóÉõ ãõæóÇáóÇÉò æóãõæóÇÝóÞóÉò Úóáóì ÇáúÅöíãóÇäö áóÇ ÕõÍúÈóÉñ ãóÚó ÇáúßõÝúÑö.
æóÅöÐóÇ Þöíáó: åóÐóÇ íóÏõáøõ Úóáóì Ãóäøóåõ ßóÇäó ãõÙúåöÑðÇ áöáúãõæóÇÝóÞóÉö¡ æóÞóÏú ßóÇäó íõÙúåöÑõ ÇáúãõæóÇÝóÞóÉó áóåõ ãóäú ßóÇäó Ýöí ÇáúÈóÇØöäö ãõäóÇÝöÞðÇ¡ æóÞóÏú íóÏúÎõáõæäó Ýöí áóÝúÙö ÇáúÃóÕúÍóÇÈö Ýöí ãöËúáö Þóæúáöåö áóãøóÇ ÇÓúÊõÄúÐöäó Ýöí ÞóÊúáö ÈóÚúÖö ÇáúãõäóÇÝöÞöíäó ÞóÇáó: " áóÇ íóÊóÍóÏøóËõ ÇáäøóÇÓõ Ãóäøó ãõÍóãøóÏðÇ íóÞúÊõáõ ÃóÕúÍóÇÈóåõ " (2) ÝóÏóáøó Úóáóì Ãóäøó åóÐóÇ ÇááøóÝúÙó ÞóÏú ßóÇäó ÇáäøóÇÓõ íõÏúÎöáõæäó Ýöíåö ãóäú åõæó ãõäóÇÝöÞñ.
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(1) ãóÇ Èóíúäó ÇáäøóÌúãóÊóíúäö ÓóÇÞöØñ ãöäú (ã) .
(2) ãöËúáö: ÓóÇÞöØóÉñ ãöäú (ã)(8/473)
Þöíáó: ÞóÏú ÐóßóÑúäóÇ ÝöíãóÇ ÊóÞóÏøóãó Ãóäøó ÇáúãõåóÇÌöÑöíäó áóãú íóßõäú Ýöíåöãú ãõäóÇÝöÞñ æóíóäúÈóÛöí Ãóäú íõÚúÑóÝó Ãóäøó ÇáúãõäóÇÝöÞöíäó ßóÇäõæÇ Þóáöíáöíäó ÈöÇáäøöÓúÈóÉö Åöáóì ÇáúãõÄúãöäöíäó¡ æóÃóßúËóÑõåõãõ ÇäúßóÔóÝó ÍóÇáõåõ áóãøóÇ äóÒóáú Ýöíåöãõ ÇáúÞõÑúÂäõ æóÛóíúÑõ Ðóáößó¡ æóÅöäú ßóÇäó ÇáäøóÈöíøõ Õóáøóì Çááøóåõ Úóáóíúåö æóÓóáøóãó áóÇ íõÚóÑøöÝõ ßõáøðÇ ãöäúåõãú ÈöÚóíúäöåö ÝóÇáøóÐöíäó ÈóÇÔóÑõæÇ Ðóáößó ßóÇäõæÇ íóÚúÑöÝõæäóåõ.
æóÇáúÚöáúãõ Èößóæúäö ÇáÑøóÌõáö ãõÄúãöäðÇ Ýöí ÇáúÈóÇØöäö¡ Ãóæú íóåõæÏöíøðÇ¡ Ãóæú äóÕúÑóÇäöíøðÇ¡ Ãóæú ãõÔúÑößðÇ ÃóãúÑñ áóÇ íóÎúÝóì ãóÚó Øõæáö ÇáúãõÈóÇÔóÑóÉö ÝóÅöäøóåõ ãóÇ ÃóÓóÑøó ÃóÍóÏñ ÓóÑöíÑóÉð ÅöáøóÇ ÃóÙúåóÑóåóÇ Çááøóåõ Úóáóì ÕóÝóÍóÇÊö æóÌúåöåö æóÝóáóÊóÇÊö áöÓóÇäöåö.
æóÞóÇáó ÊóÚóÇáóì: {æóáóæú äóÔóÇÁõ áóÃóÑóíúäóÇßóåõãú ÝóáóÚóÑóÝúÊóåõãú ÈöÓöíãóÇåõãú} [ÓõæÑóÉõ ãõÍóãøóÏò: 30] ¡ æóÞóÇáó: {æóáóÊóÚúÑöÝóäøóåõãú Ýöí áóÍúäö ÇáúÞóæúáö} [ÓõæÑóÉõ ãõÍóãøóÏò: 30] ¡ ÝóÇáúãõÖúãöÑõ áöáúßõÝúÑö áóÇ ÈõÏøó Ãóäú íõÚúÑóÝó Ýöí áóÍúäö ÇáúÞóæúáö¡ æóÃóãøóÇ ÈöÇáÓøöíãóÇ ÝóÞóÏú íõÚúÑóÝõ æóÞóÏú áóÇ íõÚúÑóÝõ.
æóÞóÏú ÞóÇáó ÊóÚóÇáóì: {íóÇÃóíøõåóÇ ÇáøóÐöíäó ÂãóäõæÇ ÅöÐóÇ ÌóÇÁóßõãõ ÇáúãõÄúãöäóÇÊõ ãõåóÇÌöÑóÇÊò ÝóÇãúÊóÍöäõæåõäøó Çááøóåõ ÃóÚúáóãõ ÈöÅöíãóÇäöåöäøó ÝóÅöäú ÚóáöãúÊõãõæåõäøó ãõÄúãöäóÇÊò ÝóáóÇ ÊóÑúÌöÚõæåõäøó Åöáóì ÇáúßõÝøóÇÑö} [ÓõæÑóÉõ ÇáúãõãúÊóÍóäóÉö: 10] .
æóÇáÕøóÍóÇÈóÉõ ÇáúãóÐúßõæÑõæäó Ýöí ÇáÑøöæóÇíóÉö Úóäö ÇáäøóÈöíøö Õóáøóì Çááøóåõ Úóáóíúåö æóÓóáøóãó æóÇáøóÐöíäó íõÚóÙøöãõåõãõ ÇáúãõÓúáöãõæäó Úóáóì ÇáÏøöíäö¡ ßõáøõåõãú ßóÇäõæÇ ãõÄúãöäöíäó Èöåö¡ æóáóãú íõÚóÙøöãö ÇáúãõÓúáöãõæäó Ü æóáöáøóåö ÇáúÍóãúÏõ Ü Úóáóì ÇáÏøöíäö ãõäóÇÝöÞðÇ.
æóÇáúÅöíãóÇäõ íõÚúáóãõ ãöäó ÇáÑøóÌõáö ßóãóÇ íõÚúáóãõ ÓóÇÆöÑõ ÃóÍúæóÇáö ÞóáúÈöåö ãöäú ãõæóÇáóÇÊöåö æóãõÚóÇÏóÇÊöåö æóÝóÑóÍöåö æóÛóÖóÈöåö æóÌõæÚöåö æóÚóØóÔöåö æóÛóíúÑö Ðóáößó¡ ÝóÅöäøó åóÐöåö ÇáúÃõãõæÑó áóåóÇ áóæóÇÒöãõ ÙóÇåöÑóÉñ. æóÇáúÃõãõæÑõ ÇáÙøóÇåöÑóÉõ ÊóÓúÊóáúÒöãõ ÃõãõæÑðÇ ÈóÇØöäóÉð æóåóÐóÇ ÃóãúÑñ íóÚúÑöÝõåõ(8/474)
ÇáäøóÇÓõ Ýöíãóäú ÌóÑøóÈõæåõ æóÇãúÊóÍóäõæåõ.
æóäóÍúäõ äóÚúáóãõ ÈöÇáöÇÖúØöÑóÇÑö Ãóäøó ÇÈúäó ÚõãóÑó æóÇÈúäó ÚóÈøóÇÓò æóÃóäóÓó Èúäó ãóÇáößò (1) æóÃóÈóÇ ÓóÚöíÏò ÇáúÎõÏúÑöíøó æóÌóÇÈöÑó¡ Ãóæú äóÍúæóåõãú ßóÇäõæÇ ãõÄúãöäöíäó ÈöÇáÑøóÓõæáö ãõÍöÈøöíäó áóåõ ãõÚóÙøöãöíäó áóåõ áóíúÓõæÇ ãõäóÇÝöÞöíäó¡ ÝóßóíúÝó áóÇ íõÚúáóãõ Ðóáößó Ýöí ãöËúáö ÇáúÎõáóÝóÇÁö ÇáÑøóÇÔöÏöíäó ÇáøóÐöíäó ÃóÎúÈóÇÑõåõãú æóÅöíãóÇäõåõãú æóãóÍóÈøóÊõåõãú æóäóÕúÑõåõãú áöÑóÓõæáö Çááøóåö Õóáøóì Çááøóåõ Úóáóíúåö æóÓóáøóãó ÞóÏú ØóÈøóÞóÊö ÇáúÈöáóÇÏó ãóÔóÇÑöÞóåóÇ æóãóÛóÇÑöÈóåóÇ¿ ! .
ÝóåóÐóÇ ãöãøóÇ íóäúÈóÛöí Ãóäú íõÚúÑóÝó¡ æóáóÇ íõÌúÚóáó æõÌõæÏõ Þóæúãò ãõäóÇÝöÞöíäó ãõæÌöÈðÇ áöáÔøóßøö Ýöí ÅöíãóÇäö åóÄõáóÇÁö ÇáøóÐöíäó áóåõãú Ýöí ÇáúÃõãøóÉö áöÓóÇäõ ÕöÏúÞò¡ Èóáú äóÍúäõ äóÚúáóãõ ÈöÇáÖøóÑõæÑóÉö ÅöíãóÇäó ÓóÚöíÏö Èúäö ÇáúãõÓóíøóÈö æóÇáúÍóÓóäö æóÚóáúÞóãóÉó æóÇáúÃóÓúæóÏö æóãóÇáößò æóÇáÔøóÇÝöÚöíøö æóÃóÍúãóÏó æóÇáúÝõÖóíúáö æóÇáúÌõäóíúÏö¡ æóãóäú åõæó Ïõæäó åóÄõáóÇÁö¡ ÝóßóíúÝó áóÇ íõÚúáóãõ ÅöíãóÇäõ ÇáÕøóÍóÇÈóÉö¡ æóäóÍúäõ äóÚúáóãõ ÅöíãóÇäó ßóËöíÑò ãöãøóäú ÈóÇÔóÑúäóÇåõ ãöäó ÇáúÃóÕúÍóÇÈö¿ ! .
æóÞóÏú ÈõÓöØó ÇáúßóáóÇãõ Úóáóì åóÐóÇ Ýöí ÛóíúÑö åóÐóÇ ÇáúãóæúÖöÚö¡ æóÈõíøöäó Ãóäøó ÇáúÚöáúãó ÈöÕöÏúÞö ÇáÕøóÇÏöÞö Ýöí ÃóÎúÈóÇÑöåö (* ÅöÐóÇ ßóÇäó ÏóÚúæóì äõÈõæøóÉò¡ Ãóæú ÛóíúÑó Ðóáößó¡ æóßóÐöÈö ÇáúßóÇÐöÈö *) (2) ãöãøóÇ íõÚúáóãõ ÈöÇáöÇÖúØöÑóÇÑö Ýöí ãóæóÇÖöÚó ßóËöíÑóÉò ÈöÃóÓúÈóÇÈò ßóËöíÑóÉò.
æóÅöÙúåóÇÑõ ÇáúÅöÓúáóÇãö ãöäú åóÐóÇ ÇáúÈóÇÈöº ÝóÅöäøó ÇáúÅöäúÓóÇäó ÅöãøóÇ ÕóÇÏöÞñ æóÅöãøóÇ ßóÇÐöÈñ.
ÝóåóÐóÇ íõÞóÇáõ ÃóæøóáðÇ¡ æóíõÞóÇáõ ËóÇäöíðÇ: æóåõæó ãóÇ ÐóßóÑóåõ ÃóÍúãóÏõ æóÛóíúÑõåõ¡ æóáóÇ ÃóÚúáóãõ Èóíúäó ÇáúÚõáóãóÇÁö Ýöíåö äöÒóÇÚðÇ Ü: Ãóäøó ÇáúãõåóÇÌöÑöíäó áóãú íóßõäú Ýöíåöãú ãõäóÇÝöÞñ ÃóÕúáðÇ¡ æóÐóáößó
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(1) ã: æóÇÈúäó ÚóÇãöÑö Èúäö ãóÇáößò¡ æóåõæó ÊóÍúÑöíÝñ.
(2) ãóÇ Èóíúäó ÇáäøóÌúãóÊóíúäö ÓóÇÞöØñ ãöäú (ã) .(8/475)
áöÃóäøó ÇáúãõåóÇÌöÑöíäó ÅöäøóãóÇ åóÇÌóÑõæÇ ÈöÇÎúÊöíóÇÑöåöãú áóãøóÇ ÂÐóÇåõãõ ÇáúßõÝøóÇÑõ Úóáóì ÇáúÅöíãóÇäö æóåõãú (1) ÈöãóßøóÉó áóãú íóßõäú íõÄúãöäõ ÃóÍóÏõåõãú ÅöáøóÇ ÈöÇÎúÊöíóÇÑöåö¡ Èóáú ãóÚó ÇÍúÊöãóÇáö ÇáúÃóÐóì Ýóáóãú íóßõäú ÃóÍóÏñ íóÍúÊóÇÌõ Ãóäú íõÙúåöÑó ÇáúÅöíãóÇäó æóíõÈúØöäó ÇáúßõÝúÑó áóÇ ÓöíøóãóÇ ÅöÐóÇ åóÇÌóÑó Åöáóì ÏóÇÑò íóßõæäõ ÝöíåóÇ ÓõáúØóÇäõ ÇáÑøóÓõæáö Úóáóíúåö æóáóßöäú áóãøóÇ ÙóåóÑó ÇáúÅöÓúáóÇãõ Ýöí ÞóÈóÇÆöáö ÇáúÃóäúÕóÇÑö ÕóÇÑó ÈóÚúÖõ ãóäú áóãú íõÄúãöäú ÈöÞóáúÈöåö íóÍúÊóÇÌõ Åöáóì Ãóäú íõÙúåöÑó ãõæóÇÝóÞóÉó Þóæúãöåö¡ áöÃóäøó ÇáúãõÄúãöäöíäó ÕóÇÑó áóåõãú ÓõáúØóÇäñ æóÚöÒøñ æóãóäóÚóÉñ æóÕóÇÑó ãóÚóåõãõ ÇáÓøóíúÝõ íóÞúÊõáõæäó ãóäú ßóÝóÑó.
æóíõÞóÇáõ: ËóÇáöËðÇ: ÚóÇãøóÉõ ÚõÞóáóÇÁö Èóäöí ÂÏóãó ÅöÐóÇ ÚóÇÔóÑó ÃóÍóÏõåõãõ ÇáúÂÎóÑó ãõÏøóÉð íóÊóÈóíøóäõ áóåõ ÕóÏóÇÞóÊõåõ ãöäú ÚóÏóÇæóÊöåö (2) ÝóÇáÑøóÓõæáõ íóÕúÍóÈõ ÃóÈóÇ ÈóßúÑò ÈöãóßøóÉó ÈöÖúÚó ÚóÔúÑóÉó ÓóäóÉð æóáóÇ íóÊóÈóíøóäõ áóåõ åóáú åõæó ÕóÏöíÞõåõ¡ Ãóæú ÚóÏõæøõåõ æóåõæó íóÌúÊóãöÚõ ãóÚóåõ Ýöí ÏóÇÑö ÇáúÎóæúÝö æóåóáú åóÐóÇ ÅöáøóÇ ÞóÏúÍñ Ýöí ÇáÑøóÓõæáö¿ .
Ëõãøó íõÞóÇáõ: ÌóãöíÚõ ÇáäøóÇÓö ßóÇäõæÇ íóÚúÑöÝõæäó Ãóäøóåõ ÃóÚúÙóãõ ÃóæúáöíóÇÆöåö ãöäú Íöíäö ÇáúãóÈúÚóËö (3) Åöáóì ÇáúãóæúÊö ÝóÅöäøóåõ Ãóæøóáõ ãóäú Âãóäó Èöåö ãöäó ÇáÑøöÌóÇáö ÇáúÃóÍúÑóÇÑö¡ æóÏóÚóÇ ÛóíúÑóåõ Åöáóì ÇáúÅöíãóÇäö Èöåö ÍóÊøóì ÂãóäõæÇ æóÈóÐóáó ÃóãúæóÇáóåõ Ýöí ÊóÎúáöíÕö ãóäú ßóÇäó Âãóäó Èöåö ãöäó ÇáúãõÓúÊóÖúÚóÝöíäó ãöËúáö ÈöáóÇáò æóÛóíúÑöåö¡ æóßóÇäó íóÎúÑõÌõ ãóÚóåõ Åöáóì ÇáúãóæúÓöãö ÝóíóÏúÚõæ ÇáúÞóÈóÇÆöáó Åöáóì ÇáúÅöíãóÇäö Èöåö¡ æóíóÃúÊöí ÇáäøóÈöíøõ Õóáøóì Çááøóåõ Úóáóíúåö æóÓóáøóãó ßõáøó íóæúãò Åöáóì ÈóíúÊöåö: ÅöãøóÇ ÛóÏúæóÉð æóÅöãøóÇ ÚóÔöíøóÉð¡ æóÞóÏú ÂÐóÇåõ ÇáúßõÝøóÇÑõ Úóáóì ÅöíãóÇäöåö ÍóÊøóì ÎóÑóÌó ãöäú ãóßøóÉó ÝóáóÞöíóåõ ÇÈúäõ ÇáÏøóÛöäøóÉö ÃóãöíÑñ ãöäú ÃõãóÑóÇÁö ÇáúÚóÑóÈö ÓóíøöÏõ (4) ÇáúÞóÇÑóÉö¡ æóÞóÇáó: Åöáóì
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Ãóíúäó¿ æóÞóÏú ÊóÞóÏøóãó ÍóÏöíËõåõ: Ýóåóáú íóÔõßøõ ãóäú áóåõ ÃóÏúäóì ãóÓúßóÉñ ãóäú ÚóÞúáò¿ Ãóäøó ãöËúáó åóÐóÇ áóÇ íóÝúÚóáõåõ ÅöáøóÇ ãóäú åõæó Ýöí ÛóÇíóÉö ÇáúãõæóÇáóÇÉö æóÇáúãóÍóÈøóÉö áöáÑøóÓõæáö æóáöãóÇ ÌóÇÁó Èöåö¿ ! æóÃóäøó ãõæóÇáóÇÊóåõ æóãóÍóÈøóÊóåõ ÈóáóÛóÊú Èöåö Åöáóì Ãóäú íõÚóÇÏöíó Þóæúãóåõ¡ æóíóÕúÈöÑó Úóáóì ÃóÐóÇåõãú æóíõäúÝöÞó ÃóãúæóÇáóåõ Úóáóì ãóäú íóÍúÊóÇÌõ Åöáóíúåö ãöäú ÅöÎúæóÇäöåö ÇáúãõÄúãöäöíäó¿ ! .
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æóÇáúÅöäúÓóÇäõ ÞóÏú íõÙúåöÑõ ãõæóÇÝóÞóÊóåõ áöáúÛóíúÑö: ÅöãøóÇ áöÛóÑóÖò íóäóÇáõåõ ãöäúåõ¡ Ãóæú áöÛóÑóÖò ÂÎóÑó íóäóÇáõåõ ÈöÐóáößó ãöËúáó Ãóäú íóÞúÕöÏó ÞóÊúáóåõ Ãóæö ÇáöÇÍúÊöíóÇáó Úóáóíúåö¡ æóåóÐóÇ ßõáøõåõ ßóÇäó ãõäúÊóÝöíðÇ ÈöãóßøóÉó¡ ÝóÅöäøó ÇáøóÐöíäó ßóÇäõæÇ íóÞúÕöÏõæäó ÃóÐóì ÇáäøóÈöíøö Õóáøóì Çááøóåõ Úóáóíúåö æóÓóáøóãó ßóÇäõæÇ ãöäú ÃóÚúÙóãö ÇáäøóÇÓö ÚóÏóÇæóÉð áöÃóÈöí ÈóßúÑò áóãøóÇ Âãóäó ÈöÇáäøóÈöíøö Õóáøóì Çááøóåõ Úóáóíúåö æóÓóáøóãó æóáóãú íóßõäú Èöåöãõ ÇÊøöÕóÇáñ íóÏúÚõæ Åöáóì Ðóáößó ÃóáúÈóÊøóÉó æóáóãú íóßõæäõæÇ íóÍúÊóÇÌõæäó Ýöí ãöËúáö Ðóáößó Åöáóì ÃóÈöí ÈóßúÑò¡ Èóáú ßóÇäõæÇ ÃóÞúÏóÑó Úóáóì Ðóáößó¡ æóáóãú íóßõäú íóÍúÕõáõ áöáäøóÈöíøö Õóáøóì Çááøóåõ Úóáóíúåö æóÓóáøóãó ÃóÐðì ÞóØøõ ãöäú ÃóÈóì ÈóßúÑò ãóÚó ÎóáúæóÊöåö Èöåö¡ æóÇÌúÊöãóÇÚöåö Èöåö áóíúáðÇ æóäóåóÇÑðÇ æóÊóãóßøõäöåö ãöãøóÇ íõÑöíÏõ ÇáúãõÎóÇÏöÚõ ãöäú ÅöØúÚóÇãö Óõãøò¡ Ãóæú ÞóÊúáò¡ Ãóæú ÛóíúÑö Ðóáößó.
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æóÃóíúÖðÇ ÝóßóÇäó ÍöÝúÙõ Çááøóåö áöÑóÓõæáöåö æóÍöãóÇíóÊõåõ áóåõ íõæÌöÈõ Ãóäú íõØúáöÚóåõ Úóáóì ÖóãöíÑöåö ÇáÓøõæÁö áóæú ßóÇäó ãõÖúãöÑðÇ áóåõ ÓõæÁðÇ¡ æóåõæó ÞóÏú ÃóØúáóÚóåõ Çááøóåõ Úóáóì ãóÇ Ýöí äóÝúÓö ÃóÈöí ÚóÒøóÉó áóãøóÇ ÌóÇÁó ãõÙúåöÑðÇ áöáúÅöíãóÇäö ÈöäöíøóÉö ÇáúÝóÊúßö Èöåö¡ æóßóÇäó Ðóáößó Ýöí ÞóÚúÏóÉò æóÇÍöÏóÉò æóßóÐóáößó ÃóØúáóÚóåõ Úóáóì ãóÇ Ýöí äóÝúÓö ÇáúÍóÌóÈöíøö íóæúãó Íõäóíúäò áóãøóÇ ÇäúåóÒóãó ÇáúãõÓúáöãõæäó¡ æóåõãú ÈöÇáÓøóæúÃóÉö¡ æóÃóØúáóÚóåõ Úóáóì ãóÇ Ýöí äóÝúÓö ÚõãóíúÑö Èúäö æóåúÈò áóãøóÇ ÌóÇÁó ãöäú ãóßøóÉó ãõÙúåöÑðÇ áöáúÅöÓúáóÇãö íõÑöíÏõ ÇáúÝóÊúßó Èöåö¡ æóÃóØúáóÚóåõ Çááøóåõ Úóáóì ÇáúãõäóÇÝöÞöíäó Ýöí ÛóÒúæóÉö ÊóÈõæßó áóãøóÇ ÃóÑóÇÏõæÇ Ãóäú íóÍõáøõæÇ ÍöÒóÇãó äóÇÞóÊöåö.
æóÃóÈõæ ÈóßúÑò ãóÚóåõ ÏóÇÆöãðÇ áóíúáðÇ æóäóåóÇÑðÇ ÍóÖóÑðÇ æóÓóÝóÑðÇ Ýöí ÎóáúæóÊöåö æóÙõåõæÑöåö æóíóæúãó ÈóÏúÑò íóßõæäõ ãóÚóåõ æóÍúÏóåõ Ýöí ÇáúÚóÑöíÔö¡ æóíóßõæäõ Ýöí ÞóáúÈöåö ÖóãöíÑõ ÓõæÁò æóÇáäøóÈöíøõ (1) Õóáøóì Çááøóåõ Úóáóíúåö æóÓóáøóãó áóÇ íóÚúáóãõ ÖóãöíÑó Ðóáößó ÞóØøõ¡ æóÃóÏúäóì ãóäú áóåõ äóæúÚõ ÝöØúäóÉò íóÚúáóãõ Ðóáößó Ýöí ÃóÞóáøö ãöäú åóÐóÇ ÇáöÇÌúÊöãóÇÚö¡ Ýóåóáú íóÙõäøõ Ðóáößó ÈöÇáäøóÈöíøö Õóáøóì Çááøóåõ Úóáóíúåö æóÓóáøóãó æóÕöÏøöíÞöåö ÅöáøóÇ ãóäú åõæó ãóÚó ÝóÑúØö Ìóåúáöåö æóßóãóÇáö äóÞúÕö ÚóÞúáöåö ãöäú ÃóÚúÙóãö ÇáäøóÇÓö ÊóäóÞøõÕðÇ áöáÑøóÓõæáö æóØóÚúäðÇ Ýöíåö æóÞóÏúÍðÇ Ýöí ãóÚúÑöÝóÊöåö¿ ! ¡ ÝóÅöäú ßóÇäó åóÐóÇ ÇáúÌóÇåöáõ ãóÚó Ðóáößó ãõÍöÈøðÇ áöáÑøóÓõæáö (2) Ýóåõæó ßóãóÇ Þöíáó: " ÚóÏõæøñ ÚóÇÞöáñ ÎóíúÑñ ãöäú ÕóÏöíÞò ÌóÇåöáò ".
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(2) áóãú ÃóÌöÏö ÇáúßóáóÇãó ÇáÊøóÇáöíó Ýöí ØóÈúÚóÊóíö: " ÇáÊøóãúåöíÏö " ÇáúÃóæøóáö ÈöÊóÍúÞöíÞö ÇáÏøõßúÊõæÑö ãõÍóãøóÏ ÚóÈúÏ ÇáúåóÇÏöí ÃóÈöí ÑóíúÏóÉ æóÇáúÃõÓúÊóÇÐõ ãóÍúãõæÏ ãõÍóãøóÏ ÇáúÎõÖóíúÑí¡ æóÇáËøóÇäöíóÉõ ÈöÊóÍúÞöíÞö ÑÊÔÑÏ íõæÓõÝ ãßÇÑËí¡ ßóãóÇ áóãú ÃóÌöÏúåõ Ýöí ßöÊóÇÈö " ÇáúÅöäúÕóÇÝö " ÈöÊóÍúÞöíÞö ÇáÔøóíúÎö ãõÍóãøóÏ ÒóÇåöÏ ÇáúßóæúËóÑöíøö. æóáóÚóáøóåõ Ýöí ßöÊóÇÈò ÂÎóÑó ãöäú ßõÊõÈö ÇáúÈóÇÞöáøóÇäöíøö ÇáúãóÝúÞõæÏóÉö¡ æóÞóÏú íóßõæäõ ßöÊóÇÈõ " ßóÔúÝõ ÇáúÃóÓúÑóÇÑö Ýöí ÇáÑøóÏøö Úóáóì ÇáúÈóÇØöäöíøóÉö " æóÞóÏú ÐóßóÑóåõ ÇáúÃõÓúÊóÇÐõ ÇáúÎõÖóíúÑöíøõ æóÇáÏøõßúÊõæÑõ ÃóÈõæ ÑóíúÏóÉ Ööãúäó ãõÕóäøóÝóÇÊö ÇáúÈóÇÞöáøóÇäöíøö (Õ 59) ãöäú ØóÈúÚóÊöåöãóÇ " áöáÊøóãúåöíÏö ".
(3) ä¡ Ó¡ È: Ãóäú íóÌúÊóäöÈó. æóÇáúãõËúÈóÊõ ãöäú (ã) æóÇáúßóáöãóÉõ ÝöíåóÇ ÛóíúÑõ ãóäúÞõæØóÉò.(8/479)
æóãóÐóÇåöÈöåöãú¡ æóÞóÇáõæÇ áößõáøö ÏóÇÚò áóåõãú Åöáóì ÖóáóÇáóÊöåöãú ãóÇ ÃóäóÇ ÍóÇßò áöÃóáúÝóÇÙöåöãú æóÕöíÛóÉö Þóæúáöåöãú ÈöÛóíúÑö ÒöíóÇÏóÉò æóáóÇ äõÞúÕóÇäò áöíõÚúáóãó ÈöÐóáößó ßõÝúÑõåõãú æóÚöäóÇÏõåõãú áöÓóÇÆöÑö (1) ÇáÑøõÓõáö æóÇáúãöáóáö ÝóÞóÇáõæÇ áöáÏøóÇÚöí: " íóÌöÈõ Úóáóíúßó ÅöÐóÇ æóÌóÏúÊó ãóäú ÊóÏúÚõæåõ ãõÓúáöãðÇ: Ãóäú ÊóÌúÚóáó ÇáÊøóÔóíøõÚó ÚöäúÏóåõ Ïöíäóßó æóÔöÚóÇÑóßó¡ æóÇÌúÚóáö ÇáúãóÏúÎóáó Úóáóíúåö ãöäú ÌöåóÉö Ùõáúãö ÇáÓøóáóÝö æóÞóÊúáöåöãõ ÇáúÍõÓóíúäó (2) æóÓóÈúíöåöãú äöÓóÇÁóåõ (3) æóÐõÑøöíøóÊöåö æóÇáÊøóÈóÑøöí ãöäú Êóíúãò æóÚóÏöíøò æóãóäú Èóäöí ÃõãóíøóÉó æóÈóäöí ÇáúÚóÈøóÇÓö¡ æóÃóäú Êóßõæäó ÞóÇÆöáðÇ ÈöÇáÊøóÔúÈöíåö æóÇáÊøóÌúÓöíãö æóÇáúÈóÏúÁö æóÇáÊøóäóÇÓõÎö æóÇáÑøóÌúÚóÉö æóÇáúÛõáõæøö¡ æóÃóäøó ÚóáöíøðÇ (4) Åöáóåñ íóÚúáóãõ ÇáúÛóíúÈó ãõÝóæøóÖñ (5) Åöáóíúåö ÎóáúÞõ ÇáúÚóÇáóãö¡ æóãóÇ ÃóÔúÈóåó Ðóáößó ãöäú ÃóÚóÇÌöíÈö ÇáÔøöíÚóÉö (6) æóÌóåúáöåöãú¡ ÝóÅöäøóåõãú ÃóÓúÑóÚõ Åöáóì ÅöÌóÇÈóÊößó ÈöåóÐóÇ ÇáäøóÇãõæÓö ÍóÊøóì ÊóÊóãóßøóäó (7) ãöäúåõãú ãöãøóÇ (8) ÊóÍúÊóÇÌõ Åöáóíúåö ÃóäúÊó æóãóäú ÈóÚúÏóßó¡ ãöãøóäú ÊóËöÞõ Èöåö ãöäú ÃóÕúÍóÇÈößó ÝóÊõÑóÞøöíóåöãú Åöáóì ÍóÞóÇÆöÞö ÇáúÃóÔúíóÇÁö ÍóÇáðÇ ÝóÍóÇáðÇ¡ æóáóÇ ÊóÌúÚóáó ßóãóÇ ÌóÚóáó ÇáúãóÓöíÍõ äóÇãõæÓóåõ Ýöí ÒõæÑö (9) ãõæÓóì ÇáúÞóæúáõ ÈöÇáÊøóæúÑóÇÉö æóÍöÝúÙõ ÇáÓøóÈúÊö¡ Ëõãøó ÚóÌöáó æóÎóÑóÌó Úóäö ÇáúÍóÏøö¡ æóßóÇäó áóåõ ãóÇ ßóÇäó íóÚúäöí ãöäú ÞóÊúáöåöãú áóåõ ÈóÚúÏó ÊóßúÐöíÈöåöãú ÅöíøóÇåõ æóÑóÏøöåöãú Úóáóíúåö æóÊóÝóÑøõÞöåöãú Úóäúåõ ÝóÅöÐóÇ ÂäóÓúÊó ãöäú ÈóÚúÖö ÇáÔøöíÚóÉö ÚöäúÏó ÇáÏøóÚúæóÉö ÅöÌóÇÈóÉð æóÑõÔúÏðÇ ÃóæúÞóÝúÊóåõ Úóáóì ãóËóÇáöÈö Úóáöíøò æóæóáóÏöåö¡ æóÚóÑøóÝúÊóåõ ÍóÞöíÞóÉó ÇáúÍóÞøó áöãóäú åõæó æóÝöíãóäú åõæó æóÈóÇØöáõ ÈõØúáóÇäö (10) ßõáøõ ãóÇ Úóáóíúåö Ãóåúáõ ãöáøóÉö ãõÍóãøóÏò Õóáøóì Çááøóåõ Úóáóíúåö æóÓóáøóãó æóÛóíúÑöåö
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(1) È: ÈöÓóÇÆöÑö
(2) ã: ÇáúÍõÓóíúäó Úóáóíúåö ÇáÓøóáóÇãõ
(3) ä: áöäöÓóÇÆöåö¡ ã áöÈóäóÇÊöåö
(4) Åöáóåñ: Ýöí (ä) ÝóÞóØú.
(5) ã: Åöäøóåõ ãõÝóæøóÖñ. .
(6) ã: ãöäó ÇáúÃóÚóÇÌöíÈö ÇáÔøöíÚóÉö. .
(7) È: Êóãóßøóäó.
(8) Ó¡ È: ãóÇ
(9) ã: æóÒõæÑö.
(10)) ã: æóÈõØúáóÇäõ(8/480)
ãöäó ÇáÑøõÓõáö¡ æóãóäú æóÌóÏúÊóåõ ÕóÇÈöÆðÇ ÝóÃóÏúÎöáúåõ ãóÏóÇÎöáóåõ ÈöÇáúÃóÔóÇäöíÚö (1) æóÊóÚúÙöíãö ÇáúßóæóÇßöÈö¡ ÝóÅöäøó Ðóáößó ÏöíäõäóÇ æóÌõáøõ ãóÐúåóÈöäóÇ Ýöí Ãóæøóáö ÃóãúÑöäóÇ¡ æóÃóãúÑöåöãú ãöäú ÌöåóÉö ÇáúÃóÔóÇäöíÚö íóÞúÑõÈõ Úóáóíúßó ÃóãúÑõåõ ÌöÏøðÇ æóãóäú æóÌóÏúÊóåõ ãóÌõæÓöíøðÇ ÇÊøóÝóÞúÊó ãóÚóåõ Ýöí ÇáúÃóÕúáö Ýöí ÇáÏøóÑóÌóÉö ÇáÑøóÇÈöÚóÉö ãöäú ÊóÚúÙöíãö ÇáäøóÇÑö æóÇáäøõæÑö æóÇáÔøóãúÓö æóÇáúÞóãóÑö æóÇÊúáõ Úóáóíúåöãú ÃóãúÑó ÇáÓøóÇÈöÞö (2) ¡ æóÃóäøóåõ äóåúÑñ ãöäó ÇáøóÐöí (3) íóÚóÑöÝõæäóåõ¡ æóËóÇáöËõåõ Çáúãóßúäõæäõ ãóäú Ùóäøöåö (4) ÇáúÌóíøöÏö æóÇáÙøõáúãóÉõ ÇáúãóßúÊõæÈóÉõ ÝóÅöäøóåõãú ãóÚó ÇáÕøóÇÈöÆöíäó ÃóÞúÑóÈõ ÇáúÃõãóãö ÅöáóíúäóÇ¡ æóÃóæúáóÇåõãú ÈöäóÇ áóæúáóÇ íóÓöíÑñ ÕóÍøóÝõæåõ ÈóÌóåúáöåöãú Èöåö "¡ ÞóÇáõæÇ: " æóÅöäú ÙóÝöÑúÊó ÈöíóåõæÏöíøò ÝóÇÏúÎõáú Úóáóíúåö ãöäú ÌöåóÉö ÇäúÊöÙóÇÑö ÇáúãóÓöíÍö¡ æóÃóäøóåõ ÇáúãóåúÏöíøõ ÇáøóÐöí íóäúÊóÙöÑõåõ ÇáúãõÓúáöãõæäó ÈöÚóíúäöåö¡ æóÚóÙøöãö ÇáÓøóÈúÊó ÚöäúÏóåõãú æóÊóÞóÑøóÈú Åöáóíúåöãú ÈöÐóáößó¡ æóÃóÚúáöãúåõãú Ãóäøóåõ ãöËúáñ íóÏõáøõ Úóáóì ãóãúËõæáò¡ æóÃóäøó ãóãúËõæáóåõ (5) íóÏõáøõ Úóáóì ÇáÓøóÇÈöÚö ÇáúãõäúÊóÙóÑö íóÚúäõæäó ãõÍóãøóÏó Èúäó ÅöÓúãóÇÚöíáó Èúäö ÌóÚúÝóÑò¡ æóÃóäøóåõ ÏóæúÑõåõ¡ æóÃóäøóåõ åõæó ÇáúãóÓöíÍõ æóåõæó ÇáúãóåúÏöíøõ æóÚöäúÏó ãóÚúÑöÝóÊöåö Êóßõæäõ (6) ÇáÑøóÇÍóÉõ ãöäó ÇáúÃóÚúãóÇáö¡ æóÊóÑúßõ ÇáÊøóßúáöíÝóÇÊö ßóãóÇ ÃóãóÑõæÇ ÈöÇáÑøóÇÍóÉö íóæúãó ÇáÓøóÈúÊö¡ æóÃóäøó ÑóÇÍóÉó ÇáÓøóÈúÊö åõæó ÏóáóÇáóÉñ Úóáóì ÇáÑøóÇÍóÉö ãöäó ÇáÊøóßúáöíÝö æóÇáúÚöÈóÇÏóÇÊö Ýöí ÏóæúÑö ÇáÓøóÇÈöÚö ÇáúãõäúÊóÙóÑö¡ æóÊóÞóÑøóÈú ãöäú ÞõáõæÈöåöãú ÈöÇáØøóÚúäö Úóáóì ÇáäøóÕóÇÑóì æóÇáúãõÓúáöãöíäó ÇáúÌõåøóÇáö ÇáúÍóíóÇÑóì ÇáøóÐöíäó íóÒúÚõãõæäó Ãóäøó ÚöíÓóì
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(1) ä¡ Ó¡ È: ÝóÏóÇÎöáúåõ ÈöÇáúÃóÔóÇäöíÚö.
(2) ã: ãöäó ÇáÓøóÇÈöÞö.
(3) ã: äóãúÊóÑõ ãöäó ÇáøóÐöíäó. . . æóÇáúÚöÈóÇÑóÉõ Ýöí ßõáøö ÇáäøõÓóÎö ÛóíúÑõ æóÇÖöÍóÉò.
(4) Ó¡ È ØóÈøöåö. æóÇáúßóáóÇãõ ãõÍóÑøóÝñ æóÛóíúÑõ æóÇÖöÍò Ýöí åóÐöåö ÇáúÚöÈóÇÑóÇÊö æóÇáøóÊöí ÞóÈúáóåóÇ.
(5) ã: æóÃóäøóåõ ãóãúËõæáñ. .
(6) ä¡ Ó¡ È: æóÚöäúÏóåõ ãóÚúÑöÝóÊõåõ Èößóæúäö. . .(8/481)
áóãú íõæáóÏú æóáóÇ ÃóÈøó áóåõ¡ æóÞóæøö Ýöí äõÝõæÓöåöãú Ãóäøó íõæÓõÝó ÇáäøóÌøóÇÑó ÃóÈõæåõ æóÃóäøó ãóÑúíóãó Ãõãøõåõ¡ æóÃóäøó íõæÓõÝó ÇáäøóÌøóÇÑó ßóÇäó íóäóÇáõ ãöäúåóÇ ãóÇ íóäóÇáõ ÇáÑøöÌóÇáõ ãöäó ÇáäøöÓóÇÁö¡ æóãóÇ ÔóÇßóáó Ðóáößó ÝóÅöäøóåõãú áóäú íóáúÈóËõæÇ Ãóäú íóÊøóÈöÚõæßó ".
ÞóÇáó: " æóÅöäú æóÌóÏúÊó ÇáúãõÏøóÚóì äóÕúÑóÇäöíøðÇ ÝóÇÏúÎõáú Úóáóíúåö ÈöÇáØøóÚúäö Úóáóì ÇáúíóåõæÏö æóÇáúãõÓúáöãöíäó ÌóãöíÚðÇ¡ æóÕöÍøóÉö Þóæúáöåöãú Ýöí ÇáËøóÇáõæËö¡ æóÃóäøó ÇáúÃóÈó æóÇáöÇÈúäó æóÑõæÍó ÇáúÞõÏõÓö ÕóÍöíÍñ æóÚóÙøöãö ÇáÕøóáöíÈó ÚöäúÏóåõãú¡ æóÚóÑøöÝúåõãú ÊóÃúæöíáóåõ.
æóÅöäú æóÌóÏúÊóåõ ãóËóÇäöíøðÇ¡ ÝóÅöäøó ÇáúãóËóÇäöíøóÉó (1) ÊõÍóÑøößõ ÇáøóÐöí ãöäúåõ íóÚúÊóÑöÝõ¡ ÝóÏóÇÎöáúåõãú ÈöÇáúãõãóÇÒóÌóÉö (2) Ýöí ÇáúÈóÇÈö ÇáÓøóÇÏöÓö Ýöí ÇáÏøóÑóÌóÉö ÇáÓøóÇÏöÓóÉö ãöäú ÍõÏõæÏö ÇáúÈóáóÇÛö ÇáøóÊöí íóÕöÝõåóÇ (3) ãöäú ÈóÚúÏõ¡ æóÇãúÊóÒöÌú ÈöÇáäøõæÑö æóÈöÇáÙøóáóÇãö (4) ¡ ÝóÅöäøóßó Êóãúáößõåõãú ÈöÐóáößó¡ æóÅöÐóÇ ÂäóÓúÊó ãöäú ÈóÚúÖöåöãú ÑõÔúÏðÇ ÝóÇßúÔöÝú áóåõ ÇáúÛöØóÇÁó.
æóãóÊóì æóÞóÚó Åöáóíúßó ÝóíúáóÓõæÝñ ÝóÞóÏú ÚóáöãúÊó Ãóäøó ÇáúÝóáóÇÓöÝóÉó åõãõ ÇáúÚõãóÏóÉõ áóäóÇ¡ æóÞóÏú ÃóÌúãóÚúäóÇ [äóÍúäõ] (5) ¡ æóåõãú Úóáóì ÅöÈúØóÇáö äóæóÇãöíÓö ÇáúÃóäúÈöíóÇÁö æóÚóáóì ÇáúÞóæúáö ÈöÞöÏóãö ÇáúÚóÇáóãö áóæúáóÇ ãóÇ íõÎóÇáöÝõäóÇ ÈóÚúÖõåõãú ãöäú Ãóäøó áöáúÚóÇáóãö ãõÏóÈøöÑðÇ áóÇ íóÚúÑöÝõæäóåõ¡ ÝóÅöäú (6) æóÞóÚó ÇáöÇÊøöÝóÇÞõ ãöäúåõãú Úóáóì Ãóäøóåõ áóÇ ãõÏóÈøöÑó áöáúÚóÇáóãö ÝóÞóÏú ÒóÇáóÊö ÇáÔøõÈúåóÉõ ÈóíúäóäóÇ æóÈóíúäóåõãú.
æóÅöÐóÇ æóÞóÚó áóßó Ëöäúæöíøñ ãöäúåõãú ÝóÈóÎò ÈóÎò¡ ÞóÏú ÙóÝöÑóÊú íóÏóÇßó (7) Èöãóäú íóÞöáøõ ãóÚóåõ ÊóÚóÈõßó æóÇáúãóÏúÎóáõ Úóáóíúåö ÈöÅöÈúØóÇáö ÇáÊøóæúÍöíÏö¡ æóÇáúÞóæúáö ÈöÇáÓøóÇÈöÞö æóÇáÊøóÇáöí æóÑóÊøöÈú áóåõ Ðóáößó Úóáóì ãóÇ åõæó ãóÑúÓõæãñ áóßó Ýöí Ãóæøóáö ÏóÑóÌóÉö ÇáúÈóáóÇÛö æóËóÇäöíåö æóËóÇáöËöåö.
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(2) ä¡ Ó¡ È: ÇáúãõãóÇÒóÍóÉö. æóÇáúßóáöãóÉõ ÛóíúÑõ ãóäúÞõæØóÉò Ýöí (ã) .
(3) ä¡ ã: ÇáøóÐöí äóÕöÚõåóÇ (ÇáúßóáöãóÉõ ÇáúÃóÎöíÑóÉõ ÛóíúÑõ ãóäúÞõæØóÉò) Ó: ÇáøóÐöí äóÕöÝõåóÇ.
(4) ã: æóÇãúÊóÒöÌö ÇáäøõæÑó ÈöÇáÙøóáóÇãö.
(5) äóÍúäõ: ÒöíóÇÏóÉñ Ýöí (È) ÝóÞóØú
(6) ä¡ Ó: ÝóÅöäøóåõ¡ æóåõæó ÊóÍúÑöíÝñ.
(7) ä: ÈöÐóáößó¡ ã: ÈöÐóáößó(8/482)
æóÓóäóÕöÝõ áóßó Úóäúåõãú ãöäú ÈóÚúÏõ¡ æóÇÊøóÎöÐú ÛóáöíÙó ÇáúÚõåõæÏö¡ æóÊóæúßöíÏó ÇáúÃóíúãóÇäö æóÔöÏøóÉó ÇáúãóæóÇËöíÞö ÌõäøóÉð áóßó æóÍöÕúäðÇ¡ æóáóÇ ÊóåúÌöãú Úóáóì ãõÓúÊóÌöíÈößó ÈöÇáúÃóÔúíóÇÁö (1) ÇáúßöÈóÇÑö ÇáøóÊöí íóÓúÊóÈúÔöÚõæäóåóÇ ÍóÊøóì ÊõÑóÞøöíóåõãú Åöáóì ÃóÚúáóì ÇáúãóÑóÇÊöÈö: ÍóÇáðÇ ÝóÍóÇáóÇ¡ æóÊõÏóÑøöÌóåõãú ÏóÑóÌóÉð ÏóÑóÌóÉð Úóáóì ãóÇ ÓóäõÈóíøöäõåõ ãöäú ÈóÚúÏõ¡ æóÞöÝú Èößõáøö ÝóÑöíÞò ÍóíúËõ ÇÍúÊöãóÇáõåõãú¡ ÝóæóÇÍöÏñ áóÇ ÊóÒöíÏõåõ Úóáóì ÇáÊøóÔóíøõÚö æóÇáöÇÆúÊöãóÇãö ÈöãõÍóãøóÏö Èúäö ÅöÓúãóÇÚöíáó¡ æóÃóäøóåõ Íóíøñ¡ áóÇ ÊõÌóÇæöÒõ Èöåö åóÐóÇ ÇáúÍóÏøó¡ áóÇ ÓöíøóãóÇ Åöäú ßóÇäó ãöËúáõåõ ãöãøóäú íóßúËõÑõ Èöåö æóÈöãóæúÖöÚö ÇÓúãöåö æóÃóÙúåöÑú áóåõ ÇáúÚóÝóÇÝó Úóäö ÇáÏøöÑúåóãö æóÇáÏøöíäóÇÑö¡ æóÎóÝøöÝú Úóáóíúåö æóØúÃóÊóßó ãóÑøóÉð ÈöÕóáóÇÉö (2) ÇáÓøóÈúÚöíäó¡ æóÍóÐøöÑúåõ ÇáúßóÐöÈó æóÇáÒøöäóÇ æóÇááøõæóÇØó æóÔõÑúÈó ÇáäøóÈöíÐö¡ æóÚóáóíúßó Ýöí ÃóãúÑöåö ÈöÇáÑøöÝúÞö æóÇáúãõÏóÇÑóÇÉö áóåõ æóÇáÊøóæóÏøõÏö æóÊóÕóÈøóÑú áóåõ Åöäú ßóÇäó åóæóÇåõ ãõÊøóÈöÚðÇ áóßó ÊóÍúÙó (3) ÚöäúÏóåõ¡ æóíóßõæäõ áóßó ÚóæúäðÇ Úóáóì ÏóåúÑößó¡ æóÚóáóì ãóäú áóÚóáøóåõ íõÚóÇÏöíßó (4) ãöäú Ãóåúáö Çáúãöáóáö¡ æóáóÇ ÊóÃúãóäú Ãóäú íóÊóÛóíøóÑó Úóáóíúßó ÈóÚúÖõ ÃóÕúÍóÇÈößó æóáóÇ ÊõÎúÑöÌúåõ (5) Úóäú ÚöÈóÇÏóÉö Åöáóåöåö¡ æóÇáÊøóÏóíøõäö ÈöÔóÑöíÚóÉö ãõÍóãøóÏò äóÈöíøöåö Õóáøóì Çááøóåõ Úóáóíúåö æóÓóáøóãó æóÇáúÞóæúáö ÈöÅöãóÇãóÉö Úóáöíøò æóÈóäöíåö Åöáóì ãõÍóãøóÏö Èúäö ÅöÓúãóÇÚöíáó¡ æóÃóÞöãú áóåõ ÏóáóÇÆöáö ÇáúÃóÓóÇÈöíÚö ÝóÞóØú æóÏõÞøóåõ ÈöÇáÕøóæúãö æóÇáÕøóáóÇÉö ÏóÞøðÇ æóÔöÏøóÉö ÇáöÇÌúÊöåóÇÏö ÝóÅöäøóßó íóæúãóÆöÐò Åöäú ÃóæúãóÃúÊó Åöáóì ßóÑöíãóÊöåö (6) ÝóÖúáðÇ Úóäú ãóÇáöåö áóãú íóãúäóÚúßó¡ æóÅöäú ÃóÏúÑóßóÊúåõ ÇáúæóÝóÇÉõ ÝóæøóÖó Åöáóíúßó ãóÇ ÎóáøóÝóåõ¡ æóæóÑøóËóßó ÅöíøóÇåõ æóáóãú íóÑó Ýöí ÇáúÚóÇáóãö ãóäú åõæó ÃóæúËóÞõ ãöäúßó¡ æóÂÎóÑõ ÊõÑóÞøöíåö Åöáóì äóÓúÎö ÔóÑöíÚóÉö ãõÍóãøóÏò¡ æóÃóäøó ÇáÓøóÇÈöÚó åõæó ÇáúÎóÇÊóãõ áöáÑøõÓõáö¡ æóÃóäøóåõ íóäúØöÞõ ßóãóÇ íóäúØöÞõæäó æóíóÃúÊöí ÈöÃóãúÑò ÌóÏöíÏò¡ æóÃóäøó ãõÍóãøóÏðÇ ÕóÇÍöÈõ
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(2) ã: ãöäú ÕóáóÇÉö. .
(3) Ó: ÈöÎóØò.
(4) ä¡ ã: íõÚóÇäöÏõßó.
(5) ä¡ ã¡ Ó: æóáóÇ ÊõÎúÑöÌúåõãú.
(6) ä¡ ã¡ Ó: Åöáóì ßóÑöíãöåö.(8/483)
ÇáÏøóæúÑö ÇáÓøóÇÏöÓö æóÃóäøó ÚóáöíøðÇ áóãú íóßõäú ÅöãóÇãðÇ¡ æóÅöäøóãóÇ ßóÇäó ÓóæúÓðÇ (1) áöãõÍóãøóÏò æóÍóÓøöäö ÇáúÞóæúáó Ýöíåö æóÅöáøóÇ ÓöíóÇÓöíøóÉð (2) ¡ ÝóÅöäøó åóÐóÇ ÈóÇÈñ ßóÈöíÑñ¡ æóÚóãóáñ ÚóÙöíãñ ãöäúåõ ÊóÑúÞóì Åöáóì ãóÇ åõæó ÃóÚúÙóãõ ãöäúåõ¡ æóÃóßúÈóÑõ ãöäúåõ æóíõÚöíäõßó Úóáóì ÒóæóÇáö ãóÇ ÌóÇÁó Èöåö ãóäú ÞóÈúáóßó¡ ãöäú æõÌõæÈö ÒóæóÇáö ÇáäøõÈõæøóÇÊö Úóáóì ÇáúãöäúåóÇÌö ÇáøóÐöí åõæó Úóáóíúåö¡ æóÅöíøóÇßó Ãóäú ÊóÑúÊóÝöÚó ãöäú åóÐóÇ ÇáúÈóÇÈö ÅöáøóÇ Åöáóì ãóäú ÊõÞóÏøöÑõ Ýöíåö ÇáäøóÌóÇÈóÉó (3) ¡ æóÂÎóÑõ ÊõÑóÞøöíåö ãöäú åóÐóÇ Åöáóì ãóÚúÑöÝóÉö ÇáúÞõÑúÂäö æóãõÄóáøöÝöåö æóÓóÈóÈöåö æóÅöíøóÇßó Ãóäú ÊóÛúÊóÑøó ÈößóËöíÑò ãöãøóäú íóÈúáõÛõ ãóÚóßó Åöáóì åóÐöåö ÇáúãóäúÒöáóÉö¡ ÝóÊõÑóÞøöíóåõ Åöáóì ÛóíúÑöåóÇ ÃóáøóÇ íóÛúáóØõæäó ÇáúãõÄóÇäóÓóÉó æóÇáúãõÏóÇÑóÓóÉó¡ æóÇÓúÊöÍúßóÇãó ÇáËøöÞóÉö Èöåö¡ ÝóÅöäøó Ðóáößó íóßõæäõ áóßó ÚóæúäðÇ Úóáóì ÊóÚúØöíáö ÇáäøõÈõæøóÇÊö¡ æóÇáúßõÊõÈö ÇáøóÊöí íóÏøóÚõæäóåóÇ ãõäóÒøóáóÉð ãöäú ÚöäúÏö Çááøóåö¡ æóÂÎóÑõ ÊõÑóÞøöíåö Åöáóì ÅöÚúáóÇãöåö Ãóäøó ÇáúÞóÇÆöãó ÞóÏú ãóÇÊó¡ æóÃóäøóåõ íóÞõæãõ ÑõæÍóÇäöíøðÇ¡ æóÃóäøó ÇáúÎóáúÞó íóÑúÌöÚõæäó Åöáóíúåö ÈöÕõæÑóÉò ÑõæÍóÇäöíøóÉò ÊóÝúÕöáõ Èóíúäó ÇáúÚöÈóÇÏö ÈöÃóãúÑö Çááøóåö ÚóÒøó æóÌóáøó æóíóÓúÊóÕúÝöí (4) ÇáúãõÄúãöäöíäó ãöäó ÇáúßóÇÝöÑöíäó ÈöÕõæóÑò ÑõæÍóÇäöíøóÉò¡ ÝóÅöäøó Ðóáößó íóßõæäõ ÃóíúÖðÇ ÚóæúäðÇ áóßó ÚöäúÏó ÅöÈúáóÇÛöåö Åöáóì ÅöÈúØóÇáö ÇáúãóÚóÇÏö ÇáøóÐöí íóÒúÚõãõæäóåõ æóÇáäøõÔõæÑö ãöäó ÇáúÞóÈúÑö.
æóÂÎóÑõ ÊõÑóÞøöíåö ãöäú åóÐóÇ Åöáóì ÅöÈúØóÇáö ÃóãúÑö ÇáúãóáóÇÆößóÉö Ýöí ÇáÓøóãóÇÁö æóÇáúÌöäøö Ýöí ÇáúÃóÑúÖö¡ æóÃóäøóåõ ßóÇäó ÞóÈúáó ÂÏóãó ÈóÔóÑñ ßóËöíÑñ¡ æóÊõÞöíãõ Úóáóì Ðóáößó ÇáÏøóáóÇÆöáó ÇáúãóÑúÓõæãóÉó Ýöí ßõÊõÈöäóÇ¡ ÝóÅöäøó Ðóáößó ãöãøóÇ íõÚöíäõßó æóÞúÊó ÈóáóÇÛöåö Úóáóì ÊóÓúåöíáö ÇáÊøóÚúØöíáö áöáúæóÍúíö (5) æóÇáúÅöÑúÓóÇáö Åöáóì ÇáúÈöÔúÑö ÈöãóáóÇÆößóÉò¡ æóÇáÑøõÌõæÚö Åöáóì ÇáúÍóÞøö (6) ¡ æóÇáúÞóæúáö ÈöÞöÏóãö ÇáúÚóÇáóãö.
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(2) È: æóÇáúÃóÓóÇÓöíøóÉõ
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(4) ä¡ ã¡ Ó: æóíóÓúÊóÝöí
(5) Ó¡ È: æóÇáúæóÍúíö.
(6) ã: ÇáúÌöäøö.(8/484)
æóÂÎóÑõ ÊõÑóÞøöíåö Åöáóì ÃóæóÇÆöáö ÏóÑóÌóÉö ÇáÊøóæúÍöíÏö¡ æóÊõÏúÎöáõ Úóáóíúåö ÈöãóÇ ÊóÖóãøóäóåõ ßöÊóÇÈõåõãõ ÇáúãõÊóÑúÌóãõ ÈößöÊóÇÈö " ÇáÏøóÑúÓö ÇáÔøóÇÝöí áöáäøóÝúÓö " ãöäú Ãóäøóåõ áóÇ Åöáóåó æóáóÇ ÕöÝóÉó æóáóÇ ãóæúÕõæÝó¡ ÝóÅöäøó Ðóáößó íõÚöíäõßó Úóáóì ÇáúÞóæúáö ÈöÇáúÅöáóåöíøóÉö áöãõÓúÊóÍóÞøöåóÇ ÚöäúÏó ÇáúÈóáóÇÛö ".
æóÅöáóì Ðóáößó íõÚúäõæäó ÈöåóÐóÇ Ãóäøó ßõáøó ÏóÇÚò ãöäúåõãú íóÊóÑóÞøóì ÏóÑóÌóÉð ÏóÑóÌóÉð Åöáóì Ãóäú íóÕöíÑó ÅöãóÇãðÇ äóÇØöÞðÇ¡ Ëõãøó íóäúÞóáöÈõ ÅöáóåðÇ ÑõæÍóÇäöíøðÇ Úóáóì ãóÇ ÓóäóÔúÑóÍõ Þóæúáóåõãú Ýöíåö ãöäú ÈóÚúÏõ.
ÞóÇáõæÇ: " æóãóäú ÈóáøóÛúÊóåõ Åöáóì åóÐóÇ ÇáúãóäúÒöáóÉö ÝóÚóÑøöÝúåõ (1) ÍóÓóÈó ãóÇ ÚóÑøóÝúäóÇßó ãöäú ÍóÞöíÞóÉö ÃóãúÑö ÇáúÅöãóÇãö¡ æóÃóäøó ÅöÓúãóÇÚöíáó æóÃóÈóÇåõ ãõÍóãøóÏðÇ (2) ßóÇäóÇ ãöäú äõæøóÇÈöåö¡ ÝóÝöí Ðóáößó (3) Úóæúäñ áóßó Úóáóì ÅöÈúØóÇáö ÅöãóÇãóÉö Úóáöíøò æóæóáóÏöåö ÚöäúÏó ÇáúÈóáóÇÛö æóÇáÑøõÌõæÚö Åöáóì ÇáúÞóæúáö ÈöÇáúÍóÞøö "¡ Ëõãøó áóÇ íóÒóÇáõ ßóÐóáößó ÔóíúÆðÇ ÝóÔóíúÆðÇ ÍóÊøóì íóÈúáõÛó ÇáúÛóÇíóÉó ÇáúÞõÕúæóì Úóáóì ÊóÏúÑöíÌò íóÕöÝõåõ Úóäúåõãú ÝöíãóÇ ÈóÚúÏõ.
ÞóÇáó ÇáúÞóÇÖöí: " ÝóåóÐöåö æóÕøóíúÊõåõãú ÌóãöíÚðÇ áöáÏøóÇÚöí Åöáóì ãóÐóÇåöÈöåöãú æóÝöíåóÇ ÃóæúÖóÍõ Ïóáöíáò áößõáøö ÚóÇÞöáò Úóáóì ßõÝúÑö ÇáúÞóæúãö æóÅöáúÍóÇÏöåöãú¡ æóÊóÕúÑöíÍöåöãú ÈöÅöÈúØóÇáö ÍõÏõæËö ÇáúÚóÇáóãö æóãõÍúÏöËöåö æóÊóßúÐöíÈö ãóáóÇÆößóÊöåö æóÑõÓõáöåö æóÌóÍúÏö ÇáúãóÚóÇÏö æóÇáËøóæóÇÈö æóÇáúÚöÞóÇÈö æóåóÐóÇ åõæó ÇáúÃóÕúáõ áöÌóãöíÚöåöãú æóÅöäøóãóÇ íóÊóãóÎúÑóÞõæäó ÈöÐößúÑö ÇáúÃóæøóáö¡ æóÇáËøóÇäöí¡ æóÇáäøóÇØöÞö æóÇáúÃóÓóÇÓö¡ Åöáóì ÛóíúÑö Ðóáößó æóíóÎúÏóÚõæäó Èöåö ÇáÖøõÚóÝóÇÁó ÍóÊøóì ÅöÐóÇ ÇÓúÊóÌóÇÈó áóåõãú ãõÓúÊóÌöíÈñ ÃóÎóÐõæåõ ÈöÇáúÞóæúáö ÈöÇáÏøóåúÑö æóÇáÊøóÚúØöíáö (4) .
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(1) ä¡ Ó¡ È: ÊóÚúÑöÝõåõ.
(2) ã: æóÃóÈóÇ ãõÍóãøóÏò.
(3) Ó¡ È: æóÝöí Ðóáößó
(4) (4) ã: ÈöÇáÏøóåúÑö ÓóæóÇ ÇáÊøóÚúØöíáö(8/485)
æóÓóÃóÕöÝõ ãöäú ÈóÚúÏõ ãöäú ÚóÙöíãö ÓóÈøöåöãú áöÌóãöíÚö ÇáÑøõÓõáö ÕóáóæóÇÊõ Çááøóåö æóÓóáóÇãõåõ Úóáóíúåöãú æóÊóÌúÑöíÏöåöãõ ÇáúÞóæúáó ÈöÇáöÇÊøöÍóÇÏö¡ (1) æóÃóäøóåõ äöåóÇíóÉõ ÏóÚúæóÊöåöãú ãóÇ íóÚúáóãõ Èöåö ßõáøõ ÞóÇÑøò áóåõ ÚóÙöíãõ (2) ßõÝúÑöåöãú æóÚöäóÇÏöåöãú áöáÏøöíäö.
ÞõáúÊõ: æóåóÐóÇ Èóíøöäñ¡ ÝóÅöäøó ÇáúãóáóÇÍöÏóÉó ãöäó ÇáúÈóÇØöäöíøóÉö ÇáúÅöÓúãóÇÚöíáöíøóÉö æóÛóíúÑöåöãú æóÇáúÛõáóÇÉö ÇáäøõÕóíúÑöíøóÉö æóÛóíúÑö ÇáäøõÕóíúÑöíøóÉö ÅöäøóãóÇ íõÙúåöÑõæäó ÇáÊøóÔóíøõÚó¡ æóåõãú Ýöí ÇáúÈóÇØöäö ÃóßúÝóÑõ ãöäó ÇáúíóåõæÏö æóÇáäøóÕóÇÑóì¡ ÝóÏóáøó Ðóáößó Úóáóì Ãóäøó ÇáÊøóÔóíøõÚó ÏöåúáöíÒõ ÇáúßõÝúÑö æóÇáäøöÝóÇÞö.
æóÇáÕøöÏøöíÞõ ÑóÖöíó Çááøóåõ Úóäúåõ åõæó ÇáúÅöãóÇãõ Ýöí ÞöÊóÇáö ÇáúãõÑúÊóÏøöíäó¡ æóåóÄõáóÇÁö ãõÑúÊóÏøõæäó¡ ÝóÇáÕøöÏøöíÞõ æóÍöÒúÈõåõ åõãú ÃóÚúÏóÇÄõåõ.
æóÇáúãóÞúÕõæÏõ åõäóÇ Ãóäøó ÇáÕøõÍúÈóÉó ÇáúãóÐúßõæÑóÉó Ýöí Þóæúáöåö: {ÅöÐú íóÞõæáõ áöÕóÇÍöÈöåö áóÇ ÊóÍúÒóäú Åöäøó Çááøóåó ãóÚóäóÇ} [ÓõæÑóÉõ ÇáÊøóæúÈóÉö: 40] ÕõÍúÈóÉõ ãõæóÇáóÇÉò áöáúãóÕúÍõæÈö (3) æóãõÊóÇÈóÚóÉò áóåõ (4) áóÇ ÕõÍúÈóÉõ äöÝóÇÞò (5) ßóÕõÍúÈóÉö ÇáúãõÓóÇÝöÑö áöáúãõÓóÇÝöÑö¡ æóåöíó ãöäó ÇáÕøõÍúÈóÉö ÇáøóÊöí íóÞúÕöÏõåóÇ ÇáÕøóÇÍöÈõ áöãóÍóÈøóÉö ÇáúãóÕúÍõæÈö ßóãóÇ åõæó (6) ãóÚúáõæãñ ÚöäúÏó ÌóãóÇåöíÑö ÇáúÎóáóÇÆöÞö ÚöáúãðÇ ÖóÑõæÑöíøðÇ ÈöãóÇ ÊóæóÇÊóÑó ÚöäúÏóåõãú ãöäó ÇáúÃõãõæÑö ÇáúßóËöíÑóÉö Ãóäøó ÃóÈóÇ ÈóßúÑò ßóÇäó Ýöí ÇáúÛóÇíóÉö ãöäú ãóÍóÈøóÉö ÇáäøóÈöíøö Õóáøóì Çááøóåõ Úóáóíúåö æóÓóáøóãó æóãõæóÇáóÇÊöåö æóÇáúÅöíãóÇäö Èöåö ÃóÚúÙóãõ ãöãøóÇ íóÚúáóãõæäó Ãóäøó ÚóáöíøðÇ ßóÇäó ãõÓúáöãðÇ¡ æóÃóäøóåõ ßóÇäó ÇÈúäõ Úóãøöåö.
æóÞóæúáõåõ: " {Åöäøó Çááøóåó ãóÚóäóÇ} " áóãú íóßõäú áöãõÌóÑøóÏö ÇáÕøõÍúÈóÉö ÇáÙøóÇåöÑóÉö ÇáøóÊöí áóíúÓó ÝöíåóÇ
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(1) ã: æóÊóÍúÑöíÝöåöãõ ÇáúÞóæúáó ÈöÇáúÅöáúÍóÇÏö.
(2) Ó: ßõáøñ ãóäú ÞóÇÑóáóåõ ÚóÙöíãõ. .¡ È: ßõáøñ ãóäú ÞóÇÑóäó ÚóÙöíãó. .
(3) ã: ãõæóÇáóÇÉö ÇáúãóÕúÍõæÈö
(4) Ó¡ È: æóãõÈóÇíóÚóÉò áóåõ.
(5) ä¡ ã: ÅöäúÝóÇÞò
(6) ä¡ ã¡ Ó: ßóãóÇ åóÐóÇ(8/486)
ãõÊóÇÈóÚóÉñ (1) ¡ ÝóÅöäøó åóÐöåö ÊóÍúÕõáõ áöáúßóÇÝöÑö ÅöÐóÇ ÕóÍöÈó ÇáúãõÄúãöäó áóíúÓó Çááøóåõ ãóÚóåõ¡ Èóáú ÅöäøóãóÇ ßóÇäóÊö ÇáúãóÚöíøóÉõ áöáúãõæóÇÝóÞóÉö ÇáúÈóÇØöäöíøóÉö æóÇáúãõæóÇáóÇÉö áóåõ æóÇáúãõÊóÇÈóÚóÉö.
æóáöåóÐóÇ ßõáøõ ãóäú ßóÇäó ãõÊøóÈöÚðÇ áöáÑøóÓõæáö ßóÇäó Çááøóåõ ãóÚóåõ ÈöÍóÓóÈö åóÐóÇ ÇáöÇÊøöÈóÇÚö¡ ÞóÇáó Çááøóåõ ÊóÚóÇáóì: {íóÇÃóíøõåóÇ ÇáäøóÈöíøõ ÍóÓúÈõßó Çááøóåõ æóãóäö ÇÊøóÈóÚóßó ãöäó ÇáúãõÄúãöäöíäó} [ÓõæÑóÉõ ÇáúÃóäúÝóÇáö: 64] Ãóíú: ÍóÓúÈõßó æóÍóÓúÈõ ãóäö ÇÊøóÈóÚóßó¡ Ýóßõáøõ ãóäö ÇÊøóÈóÚó ÇáÑøóÓõæáó ãöäú ÌóãöíÚö ÇáúãõÄúãöäöíäó ÝóÇááøóåõ ÍóÓúÈõåõ (2) ¡ æóåóÐóÇ ãóÚúäóì ßóæúäõ Çááøóåö ãóÚóåõ.
æóÇáúßöÝóÇíóÉõ ÇáúãõØúáóÞóÉõ ãóÚó ÇáöÇÊøöÈóÇÚö ÇáúãõØúáóÞö¡ æóÇáäøóÇÞöÕóÉõ ãóÚó ÇáäøóÇÞöÕö (3) ¡ æóÅöÐóÇ ßóÇäó ÈóÚúÖõ ÇáúãõÄúãöäöíäó Èöåö ÇáúãõÊøóÈöÚöíäó áóåõ ÞóÏú ÍóÕóáó áóåõ ãóäú íõÚóÇÏöíåö Úóáóì Ðóáößó ÝóÇááøóåõ ÍóÓúÈõåõ¡ æóåõæó ãóÚóåõ æóáóåõ äóÕöíÈñ ãöäú ãóÚúäóì Þóæúáöåö: {ÅöÐú íóÞõæáõ áöÕóÇÍöÈöåö áóÇ ÊóÍúÒóäú Åöäøó Çááøóåó ãóÚóäóÇ} ¡ ÝóÅöäøó åóÐóÇ ÞóáúÈõåõ ãõæóÇÝöÞñ áöáÑøóÓõæáö¡ æóÅöäú áóãú íóßõäú ÕóÍöÈóåõ ÈöÈóÏóäöåö¡ æóÇáúÃóÕúáõ Ýöí åóÐóÇ ÇáúÞóáúÈõ.
ßóãóÇ Ýöí ÇáÕøóÍöíÍóíúäö Úóäö ÇáäøóÈöíøö Õóáøóì Çááøóåõ Úóáóíúåö æóÓóáøóãó Ãóäøóåõ ÞóÇáó: " «Åöäøó ÈöÇáúãóÏöíäóÉö ÑöÌóÇáðÇ ãóÇ ÓöÑúÊõãú ãóÓöíÑðÇ æóáóÇ ÞóØóÚúÊõãú æóÇÏöíðÇ ÅöáøóÇ ßóÇäõæÇ ãóÚóßõãú " ÞóÇáõæÇ: æóåõãú ÈöÇáúãóÏöíäóÉö¿ ÞóÇáó: " æóåõãú ÈöÇáúãóÏöíäóÉö ÍóÈóÓóåõãõ ÇáúÚõÐúÑõ» " (4) .
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(1) Ó¡ È: ãõÈóÇíóÚóÉñ
(2) È: ÝóÅöäøóåõ ÍóÓúÈõåõ.
(3) ä: æóÇáäøóÇÞöÖõ ãóÚó ÇáäøóÇÞöÕö¡ Ó: æóÇáäøóÇÞöÕõ ãóÚó ÇáäøóÇÞöÕö. æóÇáúßóáöãóÊóÇäö ÛóíúÑõ ãóäúÞõæØóÊóíúäö Ýöí (ã) .
(4) ÇáúÍóÏöíËõ Úóäú ÃóäóÓö Èúäö ãóÇáößò ÑóÖöíó Çááøóåõ Úóäúåõ Ýöí: ÇáúÈõÎóÇÑöíøö 4/26 (ßöÊóÇÈõ ÇáúÌöåóÇÏö¡ ÈóÇÈõ ãóäú ÍóÈóÓóåõ ÇáúÚõÐúÑõ Úóäö ÇáúÛóÒúæö) ¡ Óõäóäö ÃóÈöí ÏóÇæõÏó 3/17 - 18 (ßöÊóÇÈõ ÇáúÌöåóÇÏö¡ ÈóÇÈñ Ýöí ÇáÑøõÎúÕóÉö Ýöí ÇáúÞõÚõæÏö ãöäó ÇáúÚõÐúÑö) Óõäóäö ÇÈúäö ãóÇÌóåú 2/923 (ßöÊóÇÈõ ÇáúÌöåóÇÏö¡ ÈóÇÈõ ãóäú ÍóÈóÓóåõ ÇáúÚõÐúÑõ Úóäö ÇáúÌöåóÇÏö) ¡ ÇáúãõÓúäóÏö (Ø. ÇáúÍóáóÈöíøö) 3/103¡ 160¡ 300¡ 341. æóÌóÇÁó ÍóÏöíËñ ÂÎóÑõ ÈöÃóáúÝóÇÙò ãõÞóÇÑöÈóÉò Úóäú ÌóÇÈöÑö Èúäö ÚóÈúÏö Çááøóåö ÑóÖöíó Çááøóåõ Úóäúåõ Ýöí: ãõÓúáöãò 3/518 (ßöÊóÇÈõ ÇáúÅöãóÇÑóÉö¡ ÈóÇÈõ ËóæóÇÈö ãóäú ÍóÈóÓóåõ Úóäö ÇáúÛóÒúæö ãóÑóÖñ Ãóæú ÚõÐúÑñ ÂÎóÑõ) ¡ Óõäóäö ÇÈúäö ãóÇÌóåú (Ýöí ÇáúãóæúÖöÚö ÇáÓøóÇÈöÞö) .(8/487)
ÝóåóÄõáóÇÁö ÈöÞõáõæÈöåöãú ßóÇäõæÇ ãóÚó ÇáäøóÈöíøö Õóáøóì Çááøóåõ Úóáóíúåö æóÓóáøóãó æóÃóÕúÍóÇÈöåö ÇáúÛõÒóÇÉö¡ Ýóáóåõãú ãóÚúäóì ÕõÍúÈóÊöåö Ýöí ÇáúÛóÒóÇÉö¡ ÝóÇááøóåõ ãóÚóåõãú ÈöÍóÓóÈö Êöáúßó ÇáÕøõÍúÈóÉö ÇáúãóÚúäóæöíøóÉö.
æóáóæö ÇäúÝóÑóÏó ÇáÑøóÌõáõ [Ýöí] (1) ÈóÚúÖö ÇáúÃóãúÕóÇÑö æóÇáúÃóÚúÕóÇÑö ÈöÍóÞøò ÌóÇÁó Èöåö ÇáÑøóÓõæáõ æóáóãú ÊóäúÕõÑúåõ ÇáäøóÇÓõ Úóáóíúåö¡ ÝóÅöäøó Çááøóåó ãóÚóåõ¡ æóáóåõ äóÕöíÈñ (2) ãöäú Þóæúáöåö: {ÅöáøóÇ ÊóäúÕõÑõæåõ ÝóÞóÏú äóÕóÑóåõ Çááøóåõ ÅöÐú ÃóÎúÑóÌóåõ ÇáøóÐöíäó ßóÝóÑõæÇ ËóÇäöíó ÇËúäóíúäö ÅöÐú åõãóÇ Ýöí ÇáúÛóÇÑö ÅöÐú íóÞõæáõ áöÕóÇÍöÈöåö áóÇ ÊóÍúÒóäú Åöäøó Çááøóåó ãóÚóäóÇ} [ÓõæÑóÉõ ÇáÊøóæúÈóÉö: 40] ¡ ÝóÅöäøó äóÕúÑó ÇáÑøóÓõæáö åõæó äóÕúÑõ Ïöíäöåö ÇáøóÐöí ÌóÇÁó Èöåö ÍóíúËõ ßóÇäó¡ æóãóÊóì ßóÇäó¡ æóãóäú æóÇÝóÞóåõ Ýóåõæó ÕóÇÍöÈõåõ Úóáóíúåö Ýöí ÇáúãóÚúäóì¡ ÝóÅöÐóÇ ÞóÇãó Èöåö Ðóáößó ÇáÕøóÇÍöÈõ ßóãóÇ ÃóãóÑó Çááøóåõ¡ ÝóÅöäøó Çááøóåó ãóÚó ãóÇ ÌóÇÁó Èöåö ÇáÑøóÓõæáõ¡ æóãóÚó Ðóáößó ÇáúÞóÇÆöãö Èöåö.
æóåóÐóÇ ÇáúãõÊøóÈöÚõ áóåõ ÍóÓúÈõåõ Çááøóåõ¡ æóåõæó ÍóÓúÈõ ÇáÑøóÓõæáö ßóãóÇ ÞóÇáó ÊóÚóÇáóì: {ÍóÓúÈõßó Çááøóåõ æóãóäö ÇÊøóÈóÚóßó ãöäó ÇáúãõÄúãöäöíäó} [ÓõæÑóÉõ ÇáúÃóäúÝóÇáö: 64] .
[ÝÕá Þæá ÇáÑÇÝÖí Åä ÅäÒÇá ÇáÓßíäÉ Úáì ÑÓæá Çááå Õáì Çááå Úáíå æÓáã æÍÏå íÚäí äÞÕå æÇáÑÏ Úáíå]
ÝóÕúáñ.
æóÃóãøóÇ Þóæúáõ ÇáÑøóÇÝöÖöíøö: " Åöäøó ÇáúÞõÑúÂäó ÍóíúËõ ÐóßóÑó ÅöäúÒóÇáó ÇáÓøóßöíäóÉö Úóáóì ÑóÓõæáö Çááøóåö Õóáøóì Çááøóåõ Úóáóíúåö æóÓóáøóãó ÔóÑóßó ãóÚóåõ ÇáúãõÄúãöäöíäó ÅöáøóÇ åóÐóÇ ÇáúãóæúÖöÚó¡ æóáóÇ äóÞúÕó ÃóÚúÙóãó ãöäúåõ ".
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(1) Ýöí: ÓóÇÞöØóÉñ ãöäú (ä) ¡ (ã) ¡ (Ó) .
(2) ä¡ ã: æóáóåõ ÚóÈúÑõåõ (ÛóíúÑõ ãóäúÞõæØóÉò) æóÝöí (Ó) ÈóíóÇÖñ ãóßóÇäó ßóáöãóÉö (ÚóÈúÑõåõ) .(8/488)
ÝóÇáúÌóæóÇÈõ: ÃóæøóáðÇ (1) : Ãóäøó åóÐóÇ íõæåöãõ Ãóäøóåõ (2) ÐóßóÑó Ðóáößó Ýöí ãóæóÇÖöÚó ãõÊóÚóÏøöÏóÉò æóáóíúÓó ßóÐóáößó¡ Èóáú áóãú íóÐúßõÑú Ðóáößó ÅöáøóÇ Ýöí ÞöÕøóÉö Íõäóíúäò.
ßóãóÇ ÞóÇáó ÊóÚóÇáóì: {æóíóæúãó Íõäóíúäò ÅöÐú ÃóÚúÌóÈóÊúßõãú ßóËúÑóÊõßõãú Ýóáóãú ÊõÛúäö Úóäúßõãú ÔóíúÆðÇ æóÖóÇÞóÊú Úóáóíúßõãõ ÇáúÃóÑúÖõ ÈöãóÇ ÑóÍõÈóÊú Ëõãøó æóáøóíúÊõãú ãõÏúÈöÑöíäó - Ëõãøó ÃóäúÒóáó Çááøóåõ ÓóßöíäóÊóåõ Úóáóì ÑóÓõæáöåö æóÚóáóì ÇáúãõÄúãöäöíäó æóÃóäúÒóáó ÌõäõæÏðÇ áóãú ÊóÑóæúåóÇ} [ÓõæÑóÉõ ÇáÊøóæúÈóÉö: 25¡ 26] ÝóÐóßóÑó ÅöäúÒóÇáó ÇáÓøóßöíäóÉö Úóáóì ÇáÑøóÓõæáö æóÇáúãõÄúãöäöíäó ÈóÚúÏó Ãóäú ÐóßóÑó ÊóæóáøöíóÊóåõãú (3) ãõÏúÈöÑöíäó.
æóÞóÏú ÐóßóÑó ÅöäúÒóÇáó ÇáÓøóßöíäóÉö Úóáóì ÇáúãõÄúãöäöíäó æóáóíúÓó ãóÚóåõãõ ÇáÑøóÓõæáõ Ýöí Þóæúáöåö: {ÅöäøóÇ ÝóÊóÍúäóÇ áóßó ÝóÊúÍðÇ ãõÈöíäðÇ} [ÓõæÑóÉõ ÇáúÝóÊúÍö: 1] Åöáóì Þóæúáöåö: {åõæó ÇáøóÐöí ÃóäúÒóáó ÇáÓøóßöíäóÉó Ýöí ÞõáõæÈö ÇáúãõÄúãöäöíäó} [ÓõæÑóÉõ ÇáúÝóÊúÍö: 4] ÇáúÂíóÉó¡ æóÞóæúáöåö: {áóÞóÏú ÑóÖöíó Çááøóåõ Úóäö ÇáúãõÄúãöäöíäó ÅöÐú íõÈóÇíöÚõæäóßó ÊóÍúÊó ÇáÔøóÌóÑóÉö ÝóÚóáöãó ãóÇ Ýöí ÞõáõæÈöåöãú ÝóÃóäúÒóáó ÇáÓøóßöíäóÉó Úóáóíúåöãú} [ÓõæÑóÉõ ÇáúÝóÊúÍö: 18] .
æóíõÞóÇáõ: ËóÇäöíðÇ: ÇáäøóÇÓõ ÞóÏú ÊóäóÇÒóÚõæÇ Ýöí ÚóæúÏö ÇáÖøóãöíÑö Ýöí Þóæúáöåö ÊóÚóÇáóì: {ÝóÃóäúÒóáó Çááøóåõ ÓóßöíäóÊóåõ Úóáóíúåö} [ÓõæÑóÉõ ÇáÊøóæúÈóÉö: 40] Ýóãöäúåõãú ãóäú ÞóÇáó: Åöäøóåõ ÚóÇÆöÏñ Åöáóì ÇáäøóÈöíøö Õóáøóì Çááøóåõ Úóáóíúåö æóÓóáøóãó æóãöäúåõãú ãóäú ÞóÇáó: Åöäøóåõ ÚóÇÆöÏñ Åöáóì ÃóÈöí ÈóßúÑò áöÃóäøóåõ ÃóÞúÑóÈõ ÇáúãóÐúßõæÑöíäó æóáöÃóäøóåõ ßóÇäó ãõÍúÊóÇÌðÇ Åöáóì ÅöäúÒóÇáö ÇáÓøóßöíäóÉö (4) ¡ ÝóÃóäúÒóáó ÇáÓøóßöíäóÉó Úóáóíúåö ßóãóÇ ÃóäúÒóáóåóÇ Úóáóì ÇáúãõÄúãöäöíäó ÇáøóÐöíäó ÈóÇíóÚõæåõ ÊóÍúÊó ÇáÔøóÌóÑóÉö.
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(1) ÃóæøóáðÇ: ÓóÇÞöØóÉñ ãöäú (Ó) ¡ (È)
(2) ä¡ Ó: íõæåöãõ Ãóäøó¡ ã: æóåõãú Ãóäøó. æóÇáúãõËúÈóÊõ ãöäú (È)
(3) ã. Ëõãøó Ãóäú ÐóßóÑó ÊóæóáøóíúÊõãú.
(4) ÚöÈóÇÑóÉõ " ÝóÃóäúÒóáó ÇáÓøóßöíäóÉó ": ÓóÇÞöØóÉñ ãöäú (ä) ¡ (Ó) ¡ (È) .(8/489)
æóÇáäøóÈöíøõ Õóáøóì Çááøóåõ Úóáóíúåö æóÓóáøóãó ßóÇäó ãõÓúÊóÛúäöíðÇ ÚóäúåóÇ Ýöí åóÐöåö ÇáúÍóÇáö (1) áößóãóÇáö ØõãóÃúäöíäóÊöåö ÈöÎöáóÇÝö ÅöäúÒóÇáöåóÇ íóæúãó Íõäóíúäò¡ ÝóÅöäøóåõ ßóÇäó ãõÍúÊóÇÌðÇ ÅöáóíúåóÇ áöÇäúåöÒóÇãö ÌõãúåõæÑö ÃóÕúÍóÇÈöåö æóÅöÞúÈóÇáö ÇáúÚóÏõæøö äóÍúæóåõ (2) æóÓóæúÞöåö ÈöÈóÛúáóÊöåö Åöáóì ÇáúÚóÏõæøö.
æóÚóáóì ÇáúÞóæúáö ÇáúÃóæøóáö íóßõæäõ ÇáÖøóãöíÑõ ÚóÇÆöÏðÇ Åöáóì ÇáäøóÈöíøö Õóáøóì Çááøóåõ Úóáóíúåö æóÓóáøóãó ßóãóÇ ÚóÇÏó ÇáÖøóãöíÑõ Åöáóíúåö Ýöí Þóæúáöåö: {æóÃóíøóÏóåõ ÈöÌõäõæÏò áóãú ÊóÑóæúåóÇ} [ÓõæÑóÉõ ÇáÊøóæúÈóÉö: 40] ; æóáöÃóäøó ÓöíóÇÞó ÇáúßóáóÇãö ßóÇäó Ýöí ÐößúÑöåö¡ æóÅöäøóãóÇ ÐóßóÑó ÕóÇÍöÈöåö ÖöãúäðÇ æóÊóÈóÚðÇ.
áóßöäú íõÞóÇáõ: Úóáóì åóÐóÇ áóãøóÇ ÞóÇáó áöÕóÇÍöÈöåö (3) : {Åöäøó Çááøóåó ãóÚóäóÇ} æóÇáäøóÈöíøõ Õóáøóì Çááøóåõ Úóáóíúåö æóÓóáøóãó åõæó ÇáúãóÊúÈõæÚõ ÇáúãõØóÇÚõ¡ æóÃóÈõæ ÈóßúÑò ÊóÇÈöÚñ ãõØöíÚñ¡ æóåõæó ÕóÇÍöÈõåõ æóÇááøóåõ ãóÚóåõãóÇ¡ ÝóÅöÐóÇ ÍóÕóáó (4) áöáúãóÊúÈõæÚö Ýöí åóÐöåö ÇáúÍóÇáö ÓóßöíäóÉñ æóÊóÃúíöíÏñ ßóÇäó Ðóáößó áöáÊøóÇÈöÚö ÃóíúÖðÇ ÈöÍõßúãö ÇáúÍóÇáö ÝóÅöäøóåõ ÕóÇÍöÈñ ÊóÇÈöÚñ áóÇÒöãñ¡ æóáóãú íóÍúÊóÌú Ãóäú íõÐúßóÑó åóäóÇ ÃóÈõæ ÈóßúÑò áößóãóÇáö ÇáúãõáóÇÒöãóÉö æóÇáúãõÕóÇÍöÈóÉö ÇáøóÊöí ÊõæÌöÈõ ãõÔóÇÑóßóÉó ÇáäøóÈöíøö Õóáøóì Çááøóåõ Úóáóíúåö æóÓóáøóãó Ýöí ÇáÊøóÃúíöíÏö.
ÈöÎöáóÇÝö ÍóÇáö ÇáúãõäúåóÒöãöíäó íóæúãó Íõäóíúäò¡ ÝóÅöäøóåõ áóæú ÞóÇáó: ÝóÃóäúÒóáó Çááøóåõ ÓóßöíäóÊóåõ Úóáóì ÑóÓõæáöåö æóÓóßóÊó áóãú íóßõäú Ýöí ÇáúßóáóÇãö ãóÇ íóÏõáøõ Úóáóì äõÒõæáö ÇáÓøóßöíäóÉö Úóáóíúåöãú áößóæúäöåöãú ÈöÇäúåöÒóÇãöåöãú ÝóÇÑóÞõæÇ ÇáÑøóÓõæáó¡ æóáößóæúäöåöãú áóãú íóËúÈõÊú áóåõãú ãöäó ÇáÕøõÍúÈóÉö ÇáúãõØúáóÞóÉö ÇáøóÊöí ÊóÏõáøõ Úóáóì ßóãóÇáö ÇáúãõáóÇÒóãóÉö ãóÇ ËóÈóÊó áöÃóÈöí ÈóßúÑò.
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(1) ÇáúÍóÇáõ: ÓóÇÞöØóÉñ ãöäú (Ó) ¡ (È) .
(2) ã: æóÞöÊóÇáö ÇáúÚóÏõæøö ÈöÍóÏøöåö
(3) ä¡ ã¡ Ó: áóãøóÇ ÞóÇáó áóåõ ÕóÇÍöÈõåõ.
(4) ä¡ ã: ÝóÅöÐóÇ íóÍúÕõáõ.(8/490)
æóÃóÈõæ ÈóßúÑò áóãøóÇ æóÕóÝóåõ ÈöÇáÕøóÍúÈöåö ÇáúãõØúáóÞóÉö ÇáúßóÇãöáóÉö¡ æóæóÕóÝóåóÇ Ýöí ÃóÍóÞøö (1) ÇáúÃóÍúæóÇáö Ãóäú íõÝóÇÑöÞó ÇáÕøóÇÍöÈõ ÝöíåóÇ ÕóÇÍöÈóåõ¡ æóåõæó ÍóÇáõ ÔöÏøóÉö ÇáúÎóæúÝö¡ ßóÇäó åóÐóÇ ÏóáöíáðÇ ÈöØóÑöíÞö ÇáúÝóÍúæóì Úóáóì Ãóäøóåõ ÕóÇÍöÈõåõ æóÞúÊó ÇáäøóÕúÑö æóÇáÊøóÃúíöíÏö¡ ÝóÅöäøó ãóäú ßóÇäó ÕóÇÍöÈõåõ Ýöí ÍóÇáö ÇáúÎóæúÝö ÇáÔøóÏöíÏö¡ ÝóáóÃóäú íóßõæäó ÕóÇÍöÈõåõ Ýöí ÍóÇáö ÍõÕõæáö (2) ÇáäøóÕúÑö æóÇáÊøóÃúíöíÏö Ãóæúáóì æóÃóÍúÑóì Ýóáóãú íóÍúÊóÌú Ãóäøó íóÐúßõÑó ÕõÍúÈóÊóåõ áóåõ Ýöí åóÐöåö ÇáúÍóÇáö áöÏóáóÇáóÉö ÇáúßóáóÇãö æóÇáúÍóÇáö ÚóáóíúåóÇ.
æóÅöÐóÇ Úõáöãó Ãóäøóåõ ÕóÇÍöÈõåõ Ýöí åóÐöåö ÇáúÍóÇáö Úõáöãó Ãóäøó ãóÇ ÍóÕóáó áöáÑøóÓõæáö ãöäú ÅöäúÒóÇáö ÇáÓøóßöíäóÉö æóÇáÊøóÃúíöíÏö ÈöÅöäúÒóÇáö ÇáúÌõäõæÏö ÇáøóÊöí áóãú íóÑóåóÇ ÇáäøóÇÓõ áöÕóÇÍöÈöåö ÇáúãóÐúßõæÑö ÝöíåóÇ ÃóÚúÙóãõ ãöãøóÇ áöÓóÇÆöÑö ÇáäøóÇÓö æóåóÐóÇ ãöäú ÈóáóÇÛóÉö ÇáúÞõÑúÂäö æóÍõÓúäö ÈóíóÇäöåö.
æóåóÐóÇ ßóãóÇ Ýöí Þóæúáöåö: {æóÇááøóåõ æóÑóÓõæáõåõ ÃóÍóÞøõ Ãóäú íõÑúÖõæåõ} [ÓõæÑóÉõ ÇáÊøóæúÈóÉö: 62] (3) ¡ ÝóÅöäøó ÇáÖøóãöíÑó (4) [Ýöí Þóæúáöåö: (ÃóÍóÞøõ Ãóäú íõÑúÖõæåõ) ] (5) Åöäú ÚóÇÏó Åöáóì Çááøóåö¡ ÝóÅöÑúÖóÇÄõåõ áóÇ íóßõæäõ ÅöáøóÇ ÈöÅöÑúÖóÇÁö ÇáÑøóÓõæáö¡ æóÅöäú ÚóÇÏó Åöáóì ÇáÑøóÓõæáö ÝóÅöäøóåõ áóÇ íóßõæäõ (* ÅöÑúÖóÇÄõåõ ÅöáøóÇ ÈöÅöÑúÖóÇÁö Çááøóåö¡ ÝóáóãøóÇ ßóÇäó ÅöÑúÖóÇÄõåõãóÇ áóÇ íóÍúÕõáõ ÃóÍóÏõåõãóÇ ÅöáøóÇ ãóÚó ÇáúÂÎóÑö¡ æóåõãóÇ íóÍúÕõáóÇäö ÈöÔóíúÁò *) (6) æóÇÍöÏò¡ æóÇáúãóÞúÕõæÏõ ÈöÇáúÞóÕúÏö ÇáúÃóæøóáö ÅöÑúÖóÇÁõ Çááøóåö æóÅöÑúÖóÇÁõ ÇáÑøóÓõæáö ÊóÇÈöÚñ¡ æóÍøóÏó ÇáÖøóãöíÑó Ýöí Þóæúáöåö: {ÃóÍóÞøõ Ãóäú íõÑúÖõæåõ} ¡ æóßóÐóáößó æóÍøóÏó ÇáÖøóãöíÑó Ýöí Þóæúáöåö: {ÝóÃóäúÒóáó Çááøóåõ ÓóßöíäóÊóåõ Úóáóíúåö æóÃóíøóÏóåõ ÈöÌõäõæÏò áóãú ÊóÑóæúåóÇ} ; áöÃóäøó äõÒõæáó Ðóáößó Úóáóì ÃóÍóÏöåöãóÇ íóÓúÊóáúÒöãõ ãõÔóÇÑóßóÉó ÇáúÂÎóÑö áóåõ¡ ÅöÐú ãõÍóÇáñ
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(1) ä¡ Ó: Ýöí ÍóÞøö¡ æóåõæó ÊóÍúÑöíÝñ
(2) Ó¡ È: ÍõÖõæÑö
(3) ã:. . Ãóäú ÊõÑúÖõæåõ
(4) (4 - 4) : ÒöíóÇÏóÉñ Ýöí (ã)
(5) ÒöíóÇÏóÉñ Ýöí (ã)
(6) ãóÇ Èóíúäó ÇáäøóÌúãóÊóíúäö ÓóÇÞöØñ ãöäú (ã) .(8/491)
Ãóäú íóäúÒöáó (1) Ðóáößó Úóáóì ÇáÕøóÇÍöÈö Ïõæäó ÇáúãóÕúÍõæÈö¡ Ãóæú Úóáóì ÇáúãóÕúÍõæÈö Ïõæäó ÇáÕøóÇÍöÈö ÇáúãõáóÇÒöãö (2) ¡ ÝóáóãøóÇ ßóÇäó áóÇ íóÍúÕõáõ Ðóáößó ÅöáøóÇ ãóÚó ÇáúÂÎóÑö æóÍøóÏó ÇáÖøóãöíÑó¡ æóÃóÚóÇÏóåõ Åöáóì ÇáÑøóÓõæáö ÝóÅöäøóåõ åõæó ÇáúãóÞúÕõæÏõ æóÇáÕøóÇÍöÈõ ÊóÇÈöÚñ áóåõ.
æóáóæú Þöíáó: ÝóÃóäúÒóáó ÇáÓøóßöíäóÉó ÚóáóíúåöãóÇ æóÃóíøóÏóåõãóÇ¡ áóÃóæúåóãó Ãóäøó ÃóÈóÇ ÈóßúÑò ÔóÑöíßñ Ýöí ÇáäøõÈõæøóÉö¡ ßóåóÇÑõæäó ãóÚó ãõæÓóì ÍóíúËõ ÞóÇáó: {ÓóäóÔõÏøõ ÚóÖõÏóßó ÈöÃóÎöíßó æóäóÌúÚóáõ áóßõãóÇ ÓõáúØóÇäðÇ} ÇáúÂíóÉó [ÓõæÑóÉõ ÇáúÞóÕóÕö: 35] ¡ æóÞóÇáó: {æóáóÞóÏú ãóäóäøóÇ Úóáóì ãõæÓóì æóåóÇÑõæäó - æóäóÌøóíúäóÇåõãóÇ æóÞóæúãóåõãóÇ ãöäó ÇáúßóÑúÈö ÇáúÚóÙöíãö - æóäóÕóÑúäóÇåõãú ÝóßóÇäõæÇ åõãõ ÇáúÛóÇáöÈöíäó - æóÂÊóíúäóÇåõãóÇ ÇáúßöÊóÇÈó ÇáúãõÓúÊóÈöíäó - æóåóÏóíúäóÇåõãóÇ ÇáÕøöÑóÇØó ÇáúãõÓúÊóÞöíãó} [ÓõæÑóÉõ ÇáÕøóÇÝøóÇÊö: 114 - 118] ¡ ÝóÐóßóÑóåõãóÇ ÃóæøóáðÇ æóÞóæúãóåõãóÇ ÝöíãóÇ íõÔúÑößõæäóåõãóÇ (3) Ýöíåö.
ßóãóÇ ÞóÇáó: {ÝóÃóäúÒóáó Çááøóåõ ÓóßöíäóÊóåõ Úóáóì ÑóÓõæáöåö æóÚóáóì ÇáúãõÄúãöäöíäó} [ÓõæÑóÉõ ÇáúÝóÊúÍö: 26] ÅöÐú áóíúÓó Ýöí ÇáúßóáóÇãö ãóÇ íóÞúÊóÖöí ÍõÕõæáó ÇáäøóÌóÇÉö æóÇáäøóÕúÑö áöÞóæúãöåöãóÇ ÅöÐóÇ äõÕöÑóÇ æóäõÌøöíóÇ¡ Ëõãøó ÝöíãóÇ íóÎúÊóÕøõ ÈöåöãóÇ ÐóßóÑóåõãóÇ ÈöáóÝúÙö ÇáÊøóËúäöíóÉö ÅöÐóÇ ßóÇäóÇ ÔóÑöíßóíúäö Ýöí ÇáäøõÈõæøóÉö áóãú íõÝúÑöÏú ãõæÓóì ßóãóÇ ÃóÝúÑóÏó ÇáÑøóÈøõ äóÝúÓóåõ ÈöÞóæúáöåö: {æóÇááøóåõ æóÑóÓõæáõåõ ÃóÍóÞøõ Ãóäú íõÑúÖõæåõ} [ÓõæÑóÉõ ÇáÊøóæúÈóÉö: 62] ¡ æóÞóæúáöåö: {ÃóÍóÈøó Åöáóíúßõãú ãöäó Çááøóåö æóÑóÓõæáöåö æóÌöåóÇÏò Ýöí ÓóÈöíáöåö} [ÓõæÑóÉõ ÇáÊøóæúÈóÉö: 24] .
Ýóáóæú Þöíáó: ÃóäúÒóáó Çááøóåõ ÓóßöíäóÊóåõ ÚóáóíúåöãóÇ æóÃóíøóÏóåõãóÇ áóÃóæúåóãó ÇáÔøóÑößóÉó¡ Èóáú ÚóÇÏó ÇáÖøóãöíÑõ Åöáóì ÇáÑøóÓõæáö ÇáúãóÊúÈõæÚö¡ æóÊóÃúíöíÏõåõ ÊóÃúíöíÏñ áöÕóÇÍöÈöåö ÇáÊøóÇÈöÚö áóåõ ÇáúãõáóÇÒöãö ÈöØóÑöíÞö ÇáÖøóÑõæÑóÉö.
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(1) ã: Ãóæú ãõÍóÇáñ Ãóäú íóÞõæáó. . .
(2) ä¡ ã¡ Ó ÇááøóÇÒöãö.
(3) ã: íõÔúÑößõæåõãóÇ¡ È: íõÔóÇÑößõæäóåõãóÇ(8/492)
æóáöåóÐóÇ áóãú íõäúÕóÑö ÇáäøóÈöíøõ Õóáøóì Çááøóåõ Úóáóíúåö æóÓóáøóãó ÞóØøõ (1) Ýöí ãóæúØöäò ÅöáøóÇ ßóÇäó ÃóÈõæ ÈóßúÑò ÑóÖöíó Çááøóåõ Úóäúåõ ÃóÚúÙóãó ÇáúãóäúÕõæÑöíäó ÈóÚúÏóåõ¡ æóáóãú íóßõäú ÃóÍóÏñ ãöäó ÇáÕøóÍóÇÈóÉö ÃóÚúÙóãõ íóÞöíäðÇ æóËóÈóÇÊðÇ Ýöí ÇáúãóÎóÇæöÝö ãöäúåõ¡ æóáöåóÐóÇ Þöíáó: áóæú æõÒöäó ÅöíãóÇäõ ÃóÈöí ÈóßúÑò ÈöÅöíãóÇäö Ãóåúáö ÇáúÃóÑúÖö áóÑóÌóÍó.
ßóãóÇ Ýöí ÇáÓøõäóäö Úóäú ÃóÈöí ÈóßúÑóÉó Úóäö ÇáäøóÈöíøö Õóáøóì Çááøóåõ Úóáóíúåö æóÓóáøóãó ÞóÇáó: " «åóáú ÑóÃóì ÃóÍóÏñ ãöäúßõãú ÑõÄúíóÇ¿ " ÝóÞóÇáó ÑóÌõáñ: ÃóäóÇ ÑóÃóíúÊõ ßóÃóäøó ãöíÒóÇäðÇ äóÒóáó ãöäó ÇáÓøóãóÇÁö ÝóæõÒöäúÊó ÃóäúÊó æóÃóÈõæ ÈóßúÑò ÝóÑóÌóÍúÊó ÃóäúÊó ÈöÃóÈöí ÈóßúÑò¡ Ëõãøó æõÒöäó ÃóÈõæ ÈóßúÑò æóÚõãóÑõ ÝóÑóÌóÍó ÃóÈõæ ÈóßúÑò¡ Ëõãøó æõÒöäó ÚõãóÑõ æóÚõËúãóÇäõ ÝóÑóÌóÍó ÚõãóÑõ¡ Ëõãøó ÑõÝöÚó ÇáúãöíÒóÇäõ ÝóÇÓúÊóÇÁó áóåóÇ ÇáäøóÈöíøõ Õóáøóì Çááøóåõ Úóáóíúåö æóÓóáøóãó ÝóÞóÇáó: " ÎöáóÇÝóÉõ äõÈõæøóÉò¡ Ëõãøó íõÄúÊöí Çááøóåõ Çáúãõáúßó ãóäú íóÔóÇÁõ» " (2) .
æóÞóÇáó ÃóÈõæ ÈóßúÑö Èúäõ ÚóíøóÇÔò: ãóÇ ÓóÈóÞóåõãú ÃóÈõæ ÈóßúÑò ÈöÕóáóÇÉò æóáóÇ ÕöíóÇãò¡ æóáóßöäú ÈöÔóíúÁò æóÞóÑó Ýöí ÞóáúÈöåö.
[ÝÕá ßáÇã ÇáÑÇÝÖí Úáì Þæáå ÊÚÇáì æÓíÌäÈåÇ ÇáÃÊÞì æÇáÑÏ Úáíå]
ÝóÕúáñ.
ÞóÇáó ÇáÑøóÇÝöÖöíøõ: " æóÃóãøóÇ Þóæúáõåõ: {æóÓóíõÌóäøóÈõåóÇ ÇáúÃóÊúÞóì} [ÓõæÑóÉõ Çááøóíúáö: 17] ¡ ÝóÅöäøó ÇáúãõÑóÇÏó Èöåö ÃóÈõæ ÇáÏøóÍúÏóÇÍö ÍóíúËõ ÇÔúÊóÑóì äóÎúáóÉð áöÔóÎúÕò áöÃóÌúáö ÌóÇÑöåö¡ æóÞóÏú ÚóÑóÖó ÇáäøóÈöíøõ Õóáøóì Çááøóåõ Úóáóíúåö æóÓóáøóãó Úóáóì
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(1) ÞóØøõ: ÓóÇÞöØóÉñ ãöäú (Ó) ¡ (È) .
(2) ÓóÈóÞó åóÐóÇ ÇáúÍóÏöíËõ ÝöíãóÇ ãóÖóì 1/490.(8/493)
ÕóÇÍöÈö ÇáäøóÎúáóÉö äóÎúáóÉð (1) Ýöí ÇáúÌóäøóÉö¡ ÝóÓóãöÚó ÃóÈõæ ÇáÏøóÍúÏóÇÍö ÝóÇÔúÊóÑóÇåóÇ ÈöÈõÓúÊóÇäò áóåõ æóæóåóÈóåóÇ ÇáúÌóÇÑó¡ ÝóÌóÚóáó ÇáäøóÈöíøõ Õóáøóì Çááøóåõ Úóáóíúåö æóÓóáøóãó áóåõ ÈõÓúÊóÇäðÇ ÚöæóÖóåóÇ Ýöí ÇáúÌóäøóÉö ".
æóÇáúÌóæóÇÈõ: Ãóäú íõÞóÇáó: áóÇ íóÌõæÒõ Ãóäú Êóßõæäó åóÐöåö ÇáúÂíóÉõ ãõÎúÊóÕøóÉð ÈöÃóÈöí ÇáÏøóÍúÏóÇÍö Ïõæäó ÃóÈöí ÈóßúÑò ÈöÇÊøöÝóÇÞö Ãóåúáö ÇáúÚöáúãö ÈöÇáúÞõÑúÂäö æóÊóÝúÓöíÑöåö æóÃóÓúÈóÇÈö äõÒõæáöåö¡ æóÐóáößó Ãóäøó åóÐöåö (2) ÇáÓøõæÑóÉó ãóßøöíøóÉñ ÈöÇÊøöÝóÇÞö ÇáúÚõáóãóÇÁö¡ æóÞöÕøóÉõ ÃóÈöí ÇáÏøóÍúÏóÇÍö ßóÇäóÊú ÈöÇáúãóÏöíäóÉö ÈöÇÊøöÝóÇÞö ÇáúÚõáóãóÇÁö ÝóÅöäøóåõ ãöäó ÇáúÃóäúÕóÇÑö¡ æóÇáúÃóäúÕóÇÑõ ÅöäøóãóÇ ÕóÍöÈõæåõ ÈöÇáúãóÏöíäóÉö¡ æóáóãú Êóßõäö ÇáúÈóÓóÇÊöíäõ æóåöíó ÇáúÍóÏóÇÆöÞõ ÇáøóÊöí ÊõÓóãøóì ÈöÇáúÍöíØóÇäö ÅöáøóÇ ÈöÇáúãóÏöíäóÉö Ýóãöäó ÇáúãõãúÊóäöÚö Ãóäú Êóßõæäó ÇáúÂíóÉõ áóãú ÊóäúÒöáú ÅöáøóÇ ÈóÚúÏó ÞöÕøóÉö ÃóÈöí ÇáÏøóÍúÏóÇÍö (3) ¡ Èóáú Åöäú ßóÇäó ÞóÏú ÞóÇáó ÈóÚúÖõ ÇáúÚõáóãóÇÁö: ÅöäøóåóÇ äóÒóáóÊú Ýöíåö¡ ÝóãóÚúäóÇåõ
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(1) äóÎúáóÉð: ÓóÇÞöØóÉñ ãöäú (ã)
(2) Ó¡ È: äõÒõæáöåö¡ æóåóÐöåö.
(3) ÞóÇáó ÇÈúäõ ÍóÌóÑò Ýöí ÊóÑúÌóãóÉö ÃóÈöí ÇáÏøóÍúÏóÇÍö (ÇáúÅöÕóÇÈóÉõ 4/59 - 60) " ÃóÈõæ ÇáÏøóÍúÏóÇÍö ÇáúÃóäúÕóÇÑöíøõ ÍóáöíÝñ áóåõãú. ÞóÇáó ÃóÈõæ ÚõãóÑó: áóãú ÃóÞöÝú Úóáóì ÇÓúãöåö æóáóÇ äóÓóÈöåö ÃóßúËóÑó ãöäú Ãóäøóåõ ãöäó ÇáúÃóäúÕóÇÑö ÍóáöíÝñ áóåõãú. æóÞóÇáó ÇáúÈóÛóæöíøõ: ÃóÈõæ ÇáÏøóÍúÏóÇÍö ÇáúÃóäúÕóÇÑöíøõ æóáóãú íóÒöÏú: æóÑóæóì ÃóÍúãóÏõ æóÇáúÈóÛóæöíøõ æóÇáúÍóÇßöãõ ãöäú ØóÑöíÞö ÍóãøóÇÏö Èúäö ÓóáóãóÉó Úóäú ËóÇÈöÊò Úóäú ÃóäóÓò Ãóäøó ÑóÌõáðÇ ÞóÇáó: íóÇ ÑóÓõæáó Çááøóåö: Åöäøó áöÝõáóÇäò äóÎúáóÉð æóÃóäóÇ ÃõÞöíãõ ÍóÇÆöØöí ÈöåóÇ¡ ÝóÃúãõÑúåõ Ãóäú íõÚúØöíóäöí ÍóÊøóì ÃõÞöíãõ ÍóÇÆöØöí ÈöåóÇ ÝóÞóÇáó ÇáäøóÈöíøõ Õóáøóì Çááøóåõ Úóáóíúåö æóÓóáøóãó " ÇÚúØöåú ÅöíøóÇåóÇ ÈöäóÎúáóÉò Ýöí ÇáúÌóäøóÉö " ÝóÃóÈóì. ÞóÇáó: ÝóÃóÊóÇåõ ÃóÈõæ ÇáÏøóÍúÏóÇÍö¡ ÝóÞóÇáó áóåõ: ÈöÚúäöí äóÎúáóÊóßó ÈöÍóÇÆöØöí. ÞóÇáó ÝóÝóÚóáó ÝóÃóÊóì ÇáäøóÈöíøó Õóáøóì Çááøóåõ Úóáóíúåö æóÓóáøóãó æóÂáöåö¡ ÝóÞóÇáó íóÇ ÑóÓõæáó Çááøóåö ÇÈúÊóÚúÊõ ÇáäøóÎúáóÉó ÈöÍóÇÆöØöí ÝóÇÌúÚóáúåóÇ áóåõ ÝóÞóÏó ÃóÚóØóíúÊõßóåóÇ. ÝóÞóÇáó: " ßóãú ãöäú ÚóÐúÞò ÑóÏøóÇÍò áöÃóÈöí ÇáÏøóÍúÏóÇÍö Ýöí ÇáúÌóäøóÉö " ÞóÇáóåóÇ ãöÑóÇÑðÇ. . ÅöáóÎú. . Ëõãøó ÞóÇáó ÇÈúäõ ÍóÌóÑò: " æóÃóÎúÑóÌó ÇÈúäõ ãóäúÏóåú ãöäú ØóÑöíÞö ÚóÈúÏö Çááøóåö Èúäö ÇáúÍóÇÑöËö Úóäö ÇÈúäö ãóÓúÚõæÏò: áóãøóÇ äóÒóáóÊú (ãóäú ÐóÇ ÇáøóÐöí íõÞúÑöÖõ Çááøóåó ÞóÑúÖðÇ ÍóÓóäðÇ ÝóíõÖóÇÚöÝóåõ áóåõ) ÝóÞóÇáó ÃóÈõæ ÇáÏøóÍúÏóÇÍö: íóÇ ÑóÓõæáó Çááøóåö æóÇááøóåõ íõÑöíÏõ ãöäøóÇ ÇáúÞóÑúÖó¿ ÞóÇáó: " äóÚóãú " ÇáúÍóÏöíËó¡ æóÝöíåö ÐóßóÑó ãóÇ ÊóÕóÏøóÞó Èöåö.(8/494)
Ãóäøóåõ ãöãøóäú ÏóÎóáó Ýöí ÇáúÂíóÉö æóãöãøóäú Ôóãöáóåõ ÍõßúãõåóÇ æóÚõãõæãõåóÇ¡ ÝóÅöäøó ßóËöíÑðÇ ãóÇ íóÞõæáõ ÈóÚúÖõ ÇáÕøóÍóÇÈóÉö æóÇáÊøóÇÈöÚöíäó: " äóÒóáóÊú åóÐöåö ÇáúÂíóÉõ Ýöí ßóÐóÇ " æóíóßõæäõ ÇáúãõÑóÇÏõ ÈöÐóáößó ÃóäøóåóÇ ÏóáøóÊú Úóáóì åóÐóÇ ÇáúÍõßúãö æóÊóäóÇæóáóÊúåõ¡ æóÃõÑöíÏó ÈöåóÇ åóÐóÇ ÇáúÍõßúãõ.
æóãöäúåõãú ãóäú íóÞõæáõ: Èóáú ÞóÏú ÊóäúÒöáõ (1) ÇáúÂíóÉõ ãóÑøóÊóíúäö¡ ãóÑøóÉð áöåóÐóÇ ÇáÓøóÈóÈö æóãóÑøóÉð áöåóÐóÇ ÇáÓøóÈóÈö.
ÝóÚóáóì Þóæúáö åóÄõáóÇÁö íõãúßöäõ ÃóäøóåóÇ äóÒóáóÊú ãóÑøóÉð ËóÇäöíóÉð Ýöí ÞöÕøóÉö ÃóÈöí ÇáÏøóÍúÏóÇÍö¡ (2) æóÅöáøóÇ ÝóáóÇ ÎöáóÇÝó Èóíúäó Ãóåúáö ÇáúÚöáúãö ÃóäøóåóÇ äóÒóáóÊú ÈöãóßøóÉó ÞóÈúáó Ãóäú íõÓúáöãó ÃóÈõæ ÇáÏøóÇÍúÏóÇÍö (3) ¡ æóÞóÈúáó Ãóäú íõåóÇÌöÑó ÇáäøóÈöíøõ Õóáøóì Çááøóåõ Úóáóíúåö æóÓóáøóãó.
æóÞóÏú ÐóßóÑó ÛóíúÑõ æóÇÍöÏò ãöäú Ãóåúáö ÇáúÚöáúãö ÃóäøóåóÇ äóÒóáóÊú Ýöí ÞöÕøóÉö ÃóÈöí ÈóßúÑò¡ ÝóÐóßóÑó ÇÈúäõ ÌóÑöíÑò Ýöí ÊóÝúÓöíÑöåö ÈöÅöÓúäóÇÏöåö Úóäú ÚóÈúÏö Çááøóåö Èúäö ÇáÒøõÈóíúÑö¡ æóÛóíúÑöåö ÃóäøóåóÇ äóÒóáóÊú Ýöí ÃóÈöí ÈóßúÑò (4) .
æóßóÐóáößó ÐóßóÑóåõ (5) ÇÈúäõ ÃóÈöí ÍóÇÊöãò æóÇáËøóÚúáóÈöíøõ ÃóäøóåóÇ äóÒóáóÊú Ýöí ÃóÈöí ÈóßúÑò Úóäú ÚóÈúÏö Çááøóåö æóÚóäú ÓóÚöíÏö Èúäö ÇáúãõÓóíøóÈö (6) .
æóÐóßóÑó ÇÈúäõ ÃóÈöí ÍóÇÊöãò Ýöí ÊóÝúÓöíÑöåö: ÍóÏøóËóäóÇ ÃóÈöí¡ ÍóÏøóËóäóÇ ãõÍóãøóÏõ Èúäõ ÃóÈöí ÚõãóÑó ÇáúÚóÏóäöíøõ¡ ÍóÏøóËóäóÇ ÓõÝúíóÇäõ¡ ÍóÏøóËóäóÇ åöÔóÇãö Èúäõ ÚõÑúæóÉó Úóäú ÃóÈöíåö ÞóÇáó: ÃóÚúÊóÞó ÃóÈõæ ÈóßúÑò ÓóÈúÚóÉð ßõáøõåõãú íõÚóÐøóÈõ Ýöí Çááøóåö: ÈöáóÇáðÇ æóÚóÇãöÑó Èúäó ÝõåóíúÑóÉó æóÇáäøóåúÏöíøóÉó¡
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(1) ã: ÞóÏú äóÒóáóÊú
(2) (2 - 2) : ÓóÇÞöØñ ãöäú (Ó) ¡ (È)
(3) : ÓóÇÞöØñ ãöäú (Ó) ¡ (È)
(4) ÇäúÙõÑú: ÊóÝúÓöíÑõ ÇáØøóÈóÑóíøö (Ø. ÈõæáóÇÞó) 30 - 146.
(5) È: ÐóßóÑó.
(6) ÇäúÙõÑú: ÇáÏøõÑøó ÇáúãóäúËõæÑó 6/359 - 360¡ ÊóÝúÓöíÑõ ÇáúÞõÑúØõÈöíøö 20/88 - 89.(8/495)
æóÇÈúäóÊóåóÇ (1) æóÒõäóíúÑóÉó æóÃõãøó ÚõãóíúÓò æóÃóãóÉó Èóäöí ÇáúãõÄóãøöáö¡ ÞóÇáó ÓõÝúíóÇäõ: ÝóÃóãøóÇ ÒõäóíúÑóÉõ ÝóßóÇäóÊú ÑõæãöíøóÉð¡ æóßóÇäóÊú áöÈóäöí ÚóÈúÏö ÇáÏøóÇÑö¡ ÝóáóãøóÇ ÃóÓúáóãóÊú ÚóãöíóÊú¡ ÝóÞóÇáõæÇ: ÃóÚúãóÊúåóÇ ÇááøóÇÊó æóÇáúÚõÒøóì¡ ÞóÇáóÊú: Ýóåöíó ßóÇÝöÑóÉñ ÈöÇááøóÇÊö æóÇáúÚõÒøóì ÝóÑóÏøó Çááøóåõ ÅöáóíúåóÇ ÈóÕóÑóåóÇ¡ æóÃóãøóÇ ÈöáóÇáõ ÝóÇÔúÊóÑóÇåõ æóåõæó ãóÏúÝõæäñ Ýöí ÇáúÍöÌóÇÑóÉö¡ ÝóÞóÇáõæÇ: áóæú ÃóÈóíúÊó ÅöáøóÇ ÃõæÞöíøóÉð áóÈöÚúäóÇßóåõ¡ ÝóÞóÇáó ÃóÈõæ ÈóßúÑò: áóæú ÃóÈóíúÊõãú ÅöáøóÇ ãöÇÆóÉó ÃõæÞöíøóÉò áóÃóÎóÐúÊõåõ¡ ÞóÇáó: æóÝöíåö äóÒóáóÊú: {æóÓóíõÌóäøóÈõåóÇ ÇáúÃóÊúÞóì} [ÓõæÑóÉõ Çááøóíúáö: 17] Åöáóì ÂÎóÑö ÇáÓøõæÑóÉö.
æóÃóÓúáóãó æóáóåõ ÃóÑúÈóÚõæäó ÃóáúÝðÇ ÝóÃóäúÝóÞóåóÇ Ýöí ÓóÈöíáö Çááøóåö¡ æóíóÏõáøõ Úóáóì ÃóäøóåóÇ äóÒóáóÊú Ýöí ÃóÈöí ÈóßúÑò æõÌõæåñ:
ÃóÍóÏõåóÇ: Ãóäøóåõ ÞóÇáó: {æóÓóíõÌóäøóÈõåóÇ ÇáúÃóÊúÞóì} ¡ æóÞóÇáó: {Åöäøó ÃóßúÑóãóßõãú ÚöäúÏó Çááøóåö ÃóÊúÞóÇßõãú} [ÓõæÑóÉõ ÇáúÍõÌõÑóÇÊö: 13] ÝóáóÇ ÈõÏøó Ãóäú íóßõæäó ÃóÊúÞóì ÇáúÃõãøóÉö ÏóÇÎöáðÇ Ýöí åóÐöåö ÇáúÂíóÉö¡ æóåõæó ÃóßúÑóãõåõãú ÚöäúÏó Çááøóåö¡ æóáóãú íóÞõáú ÃóÍóÏñ Åöäøó ÃóÈóÇ ÇáÏøóÍúÏóÇÍö æóäóÍúæóåõ ÃóÝúÖóáõ æóÃóßúÑóãõ ãöäó ÇáÓøóÇÈöÞöíäó ÇáúÃóæøóáöíäó ãöäó ÇáúãõåóÇÌöÑöíäó ÃóÈöí ÈóßúÑò æóÚõãóÑó æóÚõËúãóÇäó æóÚóáöíøò æóÛóíúÑöåöãú¡ Èóáö ÇáúÃõãøóÉõ ßõáøõåõãú - Óõäøöíøõåõãú æóÛóíúÑõ Óõäøöíøöåöãú - ãõÊøóÝöÞõæäó Úóáóì Ãóäøó åóÄõáóÇÁö æóÃóãúËóÇáóåõãú ãöäó ÇáúãõåóÇÌöÑöíäó ÃóÝúÖóáõ ãöäú ÃóÈöí ÇáÏøóÍúÏóÇÍö ÝóáóÇ ÈõÏøó Ãóäú íóßõæäó ÇáúÃóÊúÞóì ÇáøóÐöí íõÄúÊöí ãóÇáóåõ íóÊóÒóßøóì Ýöíåöãú.
æóåóÐóÇ ÇáúÞóÇÆöáõ ÞóÏö ÇÏøóÚóì ÃóäøóåóÇ äóÒóáóÊú Ýöí ÃóÈöí ÇáÏøóÍúÏóÇÍö¡ ÝóÅöÐóÇ ßóÇäó ÇáúÞóÇÆöáõ ÞóÇÆöáóíúäö: ÞóÇÆöáðÇ íóÞõæáõ: äóÒóáóÊú Ýöíåö¡ æóÞóÇÆöáðÇ íóÞõæáõ: äóÒóáóÊú Ýöí ÃóÈöí ÈóßúÑò ßóÇäó åóÐóÇ ÇáúÞóÇÆöáõ åõæó ÇáøóÐöí íóÏõáøõ ÇáúÞõÑúÂäõ Úóáóì Þóæúáöåö¡ æóÅöäú ÞõÏøöÑó Úõãõæãõ ÇáúÃóíøóÉö áóåõãóÇ¡ ÝóÃóÈõæ ÈóßúÑò ÃóÍóÞøõ ÈöÇáÏøõÎõæáö ÝöíåóÇ ãöäú ÃóÈöí ÇáÏøóÍúÏóÇÍö.
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(1) Ó: æóÇÈúäóíúåóÇ. æóÇáúßóáöãóÉõ ÛóíúÑõ ãóäúÞõæØóÉò Ýöí (ä) .(8/496)
æóßóíúÝó (1) áóÇ íóßõæäõ ßóÐóáößó æóÞóÏú ËóÈóÊó Ýöí ÇáÕøóÍöíÍö Úóäö ÇáäøóÈöíøö Õóáøóì Çááøóåõ Úóáóíúåö æóÓóáøóãó Ãóäøóåõ ÞóÇáó: " «ãóÇ äóÝóÚóäöí ãóÇáñ ÞóØøõ ßóãóÇáö ÃóÈöí ÈóßúÑò» " (2) ÝóÞóÏú äóÝóì Úóäú ÌóãöíÚö [ãóÇáö] (3) ÇáúÃõãøóÉö Ãóäú íóäúÝóÚóåõ ßóäóÝúÚö ãóÇáö ÃóÈöí ÈóßúÑò¡ ÝóßóíúÝó Êóßõæäõ Êöáúßó ÇáúÃóãúæóÇáõ (4) ÇáúãóÝúÖõæáóÉõ ÏóÎóáóÊú Ýöí ÇáúÂíóÉö æóÇáúãóÇáõ ÇáøóÐöí åõæó ÃóäúÝóÚõ ÇáúÃóãúæóÇáö áóåõ áóãú íóÏúÎõáú ÝöíåóÇ¿ ! .
ÇáúæóÌúåõ ÇáËøóÇäöí: Ãóäøóåõ ÅöÐóÇ ßóÇäó ÇáúÃóÊúÞóì åõæó ÇáøóÐöí íõÄúÊöí ãóÇáóåõ [íóÊóÒóßøóì] (5) ¡ æóÃóßúÑóãõ ÇáúÎóáúÞö ÃóÊúÞóÇåõãú¡ ßóÇäó åóÐóÇ ÃóÝúÖóáõ ÇáäøóÇÓö æóÇáúÞóæúáóÇäö ÇáúãóÔúåõæÑóÇäö Ýöí åóÐöåö ÇáúÂíóÉö Þóæúáõ Ãóåúáö ÇáÓøõäøóÉö Ãóäøó ÃóÝúÖóáó ÇáúÎóáúÞö ÃóÈõæ ÈóßúÑò¡ æóÞóæúáõ ÇáÔøöíÚóÉö Úóáöíøñ¡ Ýóáóãú íóÌõÒú Ãóäú íóßõæäó ÇáúÃóÊúÞóì ÇáøóÐöí åõæó ÃóßúÑóãõ ÇáúÎóáúÞö Úóáóì Çááøóåö æóÇÍöÏðÇ ÛóíúÑóåõãóÇ¡ æóáóíúÓó ãöäúåõãóÇ (6) æóÇÍöÏñ íóÏúÎõáõ Ýöí ÇáúÃóÊúÞóì¡ æóÅöÐóÇ ËóÈóÊó Ãóäøóåõ áóÇ ÈõÏøó ãöäú ÏõÎõæáö ÃóÍóÏöåöãóÇ Ýöí ÇáúÃóÊúÞóì æóÌóÈó Ãóäú íóßõæäó ÃóÈõæ ÈóßúÑò ÏóÇÎöáðÇ Ýöí ÇáúÂíóÉö æóíóßõæäõ Ãóæúáóì ÈöÐóáößó ãöäú Úóáöíøò áöÃóÓúÈóÇÈò:
ÃóÍóÏõåóÇ Ãóäøóåõ ÞóÇáó: {ÇáøóÐöí íõÄúÊöí ãóÇáóåõ íóÊóÒóßøóì} [ÓõæÑóÉõ Çááøóíúáö: 18] æóÞóÏú ËóÈóÊó Ýöí ÇáäøóÞúáö ÇáúãõÊóæóÇÊöÑö Ýöí ÇáÕøöÍóÇÍö æóÛóíúÑöåóÇ Ãóäøó ÃóÈóÇ ÈóßúÑò ÃóäúÝóÞó ãóÇáóåõ¡ æóÃóäøóåõ ãõÞóÏøóãñ Ýöí Ðóáößó Úóáóì ÌóãöíÚö ÇáÕøóÍóÇÈóÉö¡ ßóãóÇ ËóÈóÊó Ýöí ÇáúÍóÏöíËö ÇáøóÐöí ÑóæóÇåõ ÇáúÈõÎóÇÑöíøõ Úóäö ÇÈúäö ÚóÈøóÇÓò ÞóÇáó: «ÎóÑóÌó ÑóÓõæáõ Çááøóåö Õóáøóì Çááøóåõ Úóáóíúåö æóÓóáøóãó Ýöí ãóÑóÖöåö ÇáøóÐöí ãóÇÊó Ýöíåö ÚóÇÕöÈðÇ ÑóÃúÓóåõ ÈöÎöÑúÞóÉò¡ ÝóÞóÚóÏó Úóáóì ÇáúãöäúÈóÑö¡ ÝóÍóãöÏó Çááøóåó
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(1) Ó¡ È: ÝóßóíúÝó
(2) ÓóÈóÞó åóÐóÇ ÇáúÍóÏöíËõ ÝöíãóÇ ãóÖóì 5/21
(3) ãóÇáö: ÒöíóÇÏóÉñ Ýöí (È)
(4) Ó¡ È: ÇáúÃõãõæÑõ¡ æóåõæó ÊóÍúÑöíÝñ.
(5) íóÊóÒóßøóì: ÒöíóÇÏóÉñ Ýöí (ã) .
(6) ä¡ ã¡ Ó: ÝöíåöãóÇ.(8/497)
æóÃóËúäóì Úóáóíúåö¡ Ëõãøó ÞóÇáó: " Åöäøóåõ áóíúÓó ãöäó ÇáäøóÇÓö ÃóÍóÏñ Ãóãóäøõ Úóáóíøó [Ýöí] (1) äóÝúÓöåö æóãóÇáöåö ãöäú ÃóÈöí ÈóßúÑö Èúäö ÃóÈöí ÞõÍóÇÝóÉó¡ æóáóæú ßõäúÊõ ãõÊøóÎöÐðÇ ÎóáöíáðÇ áóÇÊøóÎóÐúÊõ ÃóÈóÇ ÈóßúÑò ÎóáöíáðÇ¡ æóáóßöäú ÎõáøóÉõ ÇáúÅöÓúáóÇãö ÃóÝúÖóáõ¡ ÓõÏøõæÇ Úóäøöí ßõáøó ÎóæúÎóÉò Ýöí åóÐóÇ ÇáúãóÓúÌöÏö ÅöáøóÇ ÎóæúÎóÉó ÃóÈöí ÈóßúÑò» " (2) .
æóÝöí ÇáÕøóÍöíÍóíúäö Úóäúåõ Ãóäøóåõ ÞóÇáó Õóáøóì Çááøóåõ Úóáóíúåö æóÓóáøóãó: " «Åöäøó Ãóãóäøó ÇáäøóÇÓö Ýöí ÕõÍúÈóÊöåö æóãóÇáöåö ÃóÈõæ ÈóßúÑò» "¡ æóÝöí ÇáúÈõÎóÇÑöíøö Úóäú ÃóÈöí ÇáÏøóÑúÏóÇÁö: ÞóÇáó: ÞóÇáó ÑóÓõæáõ Çááøóåö Õóáøóì Çááøóåõ Úóáóíúåö æóÓóáøóãó: " «Åöäøó Çááøóåó ÈóÚóËóäöí Åöáóíúßõãú¡ ÝóÞõáúÊõãú: ßóÐóÈúÊó¡ æóÞóÇáó ÃóÈõæ ÈóßúÑò: ÕóÏóÞúÊó¡ æóæóÇÓóÇäöí ÈöäóÝúÓöåö æóãóÇáöåö¡ Ýóåóáú ÃóäúÊõãú ÊóÇÑößõæ áöí ÕóÇÍöÈöí¿ " ãóÑøóÊóíúäö» (3) ÝóãóÇ ÃõæÐöíó ÈóÚúÏóåóÇ (4) .
æóÝöí ÇáÕøóÍöíÍóíúäö Úóäú ÃóÈöí åõÑóíúÑóÉó ÞóÇáó ÞóÇáó ÑóÓõæáõ Çááøóåö Õóáøóì Çááøóåõ Úóáóíúåö æóÓóáøóãó: " «ãóÇ äóÝóÚóäöí ãóÇáñ ÞóØøõ ãóÇ äóÝóÚóäöí ãóÇáõ ÃóÈöí ÈóßúÑò " ÝóÈóßóì ÃóÈõæ ÈóßúÑò¡ æóÞóÇáó: åóáú ÃóäóÇ æóãóÇáöí ÅöáøóÇ áóßó íóÇ ÑóÓõæáó Çááøóåö» ¿ " (5) .
æóÚóäú ÚõãóÑó ÞóÇáó: «ÃóãóÑóäóÇ ÑóÓõæáõ Çááøóåö Õóáøóì Çááøóåõ Úóáóíúåö æóÓóáøóãó Ãóäú äóÊóÕóÏøóÞó¡ ÝóæóÇÝóÞó Ðóáößó ãóÇáðÇ ÚöäúÏöí ÝóÞõáúÊõ: Çáúíóæúãó ÃóÓúÈöÞõ ÃóÈóÇ ÈóßúÑò Åöäú ÓóÈóÞúÊõåõ íóæúãðÇ¡ ÝóÌöÆúÊõ ÈöäöÕúÝö ãóÇáöí ÝóÞóÇáó ÇáäøóÈöíøõ Õóáøóì Çááøóåõ Úóáóíúåö æóÓóáøóãó: " ãóÇ ÃóÈúÞóíúÊó áöÃóåúáößó¿ " ÞõáúÊõ: ãöËúáóåõ¡ æóÌóÇÁó ÃóÈõæ ÈóßúÑò ÈöãóÇáöåö ßõáøöåö¡ ÝóÞóÇáó áóåõ ÇáäøóÈöíøõ Õóáøóì Çááøóåõ
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(1) Úóáóíøó: ÓóÇÞöØóÉñ ãöäú (ã) ¡ Ýöí " ÓóÇÞöØóÉñ ãöäú (ä) ¡ (Ó)
(2) ÓóÈóÞó åóÐóÇ ÇáúÍóÏöíËõ ÝöíãóÇ ãóÖóì Ýöí ÚöÏøóÉö ãóæóÇÖöÚó. ÇäúÙõÑú 1/512.
(3) ãóÑøóÊóíúäö: ÓóÇÞöØóÉñ ãöäú (Ó) ¡ (È)
(4) ÓóÈóÞó åóÐóÇ ÇáúÍóÏöíËõ ãöäú ÞóÈúáõ Ýöí åóÐóÇ ÇáúÌõÒúÁö.
(5) ÓóÈóÞó åóÐóÇ ÇáúÍóÏöíËõ ÝöíãóÇ ãóÖóì. 5/21.(8/498)
Úóáóíúåö æóÓóáøóãó: " ãóÇ ÃóÈúÞóíúÊó áöÃóåúáößó¿ " ÞóÇáó: ÃóÈúÞóíúÊõ áóåõãõ Çááøóåó æóÑóÓõæáóåõ¡ ÝóÞõáúÊõ: áóÇ ÃõÓóÇÈöÞõßó Åöáóì ÔóíúÁò ÃóÈóÏðÇ» " ÑóæóÇåõ ÃóÈõæ ÏóÇæõÏó æóÇáÊøöÑúãöÐöíøõ æóÕóÍøóÍóåõ (1) .
ÝóåóÐöåö ÇáäøõÕõæÕõ ÇáÕøóÍöíÍóÉõ ÇáúãõÊóæóÇÊöÑóÉõ ÇáÕøóÑöíÍóÉõ ÊóÏõáøõ Úóáóì Ãóäøóåõ ßóÇäó ãöäú ÃóÚúÙóãö ÇáäøóÇÓö ÅöäúÝóÇÞðÇ áöãóÇáöåö ÝöíãóÇ íõÑúÖöí Çááøóåó æóÑóÓõæáóåõ.
æóÃóãøóÇ Úóáöíøñ ÝóßóÇäó ÇáäøóÈöíøõ Õóáøóì Çááøóåõ Úóáóíúåö æóÓóáøóãó íóãõæäõåõ áöãóÇ ÃóÎóÐóåõ ãöäú ÃóÈöí ØóÇáöÈò áöãóÌóÇÚóÉò ÍóÕóáóÊú ÈöãóßøóÉó¡ æóãóÇ ÒóÇáó Úóáöíøñ ÝóÞöíÑðÇ ÍóÊøóì ÊóÒóæøóÌó ÈöÝóÇØöãóÉó æóåõæó ÝóÞöíÑñ¡ æóåóÐóÇ ãóÔúåõæÑñ ãóÚúÑõæÝñ Úóäú Ãóåúáö ÇáÓøõäøóÉö æóÇáÔøöíÚóÉö¡ æóßóÇäó Ýöí ÚöíóÇáö ÇáäøóÈöíøö Õóáøóì Çááøóåõ Úóáóíúåö æóÓóáøóãó¡ áóãú íóßõäú áóåõ ãóÇ íõäúÝöÞõåõ¡ æóáóæú ßóÇäó áóåõ ãóÇáñ áöÃóäúÝóÞóåõ áóßöäøóåõ ßóÇäó ãõäúÝóÞðÇ Úóáóíúåö áóÇ ãõäúÝöÞðÇ.
ÇáÓøóÈóÈõ ÇáËøóÇäöí: Þóæúáõåõ: {æóãóÇ áöÃóÍóÏò ÚöäúÏóåõ ãöäú äöÚúãóÉò ÊõÌúÒóì} [ÓõæÑóÉõ Çááøóíúáö: 19] æóåóÐöåö áöÃóÈöí ÈóßúÑò Ïõæäó Úóáöíøò¡ áöÃóäøó ÃóÈóÇ ÈóßúÑò ßóÇäó áöáäøóÈöíøö Õóáøóì Çááøóåõ Úóáóíúåö æóÓóáøóãó ÚöäúÏóåõ äöÚúãóÉõ ÇáúÅöíãóÇäö Ãóäú (2) åóÏóÇåõ Çááøóåõ Èöåö æóÊöáúßó ÇáäøöÚúãóÉõ (3) áóÇ íõÌúÒóì ÈöåóÇ ÇáúÎóáúÞõ¡ Èóáú ÃóÌúÑõ ÇáÑøóÓõæáö ÝöíåóÇ Úóáóì Çááøóåö ßóãóÇ ÞóÇáó ÊóÚóÇáóì: {Þõáú ãóÇ ÃóÓúÃóáõßõãú Úóáóíúåö ãöäú ÃóÌúÑò æóãóÇ ÃóäóÇ ãöäó ÇáúãõÊóßóáøöÝöíäó} [ÓõæÑóÉõ Õ: 86] ¡ æóÞóÇáó: {Þõáú ãóÇ ÓóÃóáúÊõßõãú ãöäú ÃóÌúÑò Ýóåõæó áóßõãú Åöäú ÃóÌúÑöíó ÅöáøóÇ Úóáóì Çááøóåö} [ÓõæÑóÉõ ÓóÈóÃò: 47] .
æóÃóãøóÇ ÇáäøöÚúãóÉõ ÇáøóÊöí íõÌúÒóì ÈöåóÇ ÇáúÎóáúÞõ Ýóåöíó äöÚúãóÉõ ÇáÏøõäúíóÇ¡ æóÃóÈõæ ÈóßúÑò áóãú Êóßõäú áöáäøóÈöíøö Õóáøóì Çááøóåõ Úóáóíúåö æóÓóáøóãó ÚöäúÏóåõ äöÚúãóÉõ ÇáÏøõäúíóÇ¡ Èóáú äöÚúãóÉõ Ïöíäò¡ ÈöÎöáóÇÝö Úóáöíøò ÝóÅöäøóåõ ßóÇäó áöáäøóÈöíøö Õóáøóì Çááøóåõ Úóáóíúåö æóÓóáøóãó ÚöäúÏóåõ äöÚúãóÉõ ÏõäúíóÇ íõãúßöäõ Ãóäú ÊõÌúÒóì.
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(1) ÓóÈóÞó åóÐóÇ ÇáúÍóÏöíËõ ÝöíãóÇ ãóÖóì 2/52
(2) ã: ÅöÐú.
(3) ã: äöÚúãóÉõ.(8/499)
ÇáËøóÇáöËõ: Ãóäøó ÇáÕøöÏøöíÞó áóãú íóßõäú Èóíúäóåõ æóÈóíúäó ÇáäøóÈöíøö Õóáøóì Çááøóåõ Úóáóíúåö æóÓóáøóãó ÓóÈóÈñ (1) íõæóÇáöíåö áöÃóÌúáöåö æóíõÎúÑöÌõ ãóÇáóåõ ÅöáøóÇ ÇáúÅöíãóÇäõ¡ æóáóãú íóäúÕõÑúåõ ßóãóÇ äóÕóÑóåõ ÃóÈõæ ØóÇáöÈò áöÃóÌúáö ÇáúÞóÑóÇÈóÉö¡ æóßóÇäó Úóãóáõåõ ßóÇãöáðÇ Ýöí ÅöÎúáóÇÕöåö áöáøóåö ÊóÚóÇáóì ßóãóÇ ÞóÇáó: {ÅöáøóÇ ÇÈúÊöÛóÇÁó æóÌúåö ÑóÈøöåö ÇáúÃóÚúáóì æóáóÓóæúÝó íóÑúÖóì} [ÓõæÑóÉõ Çááøóíúáö: 20¡ 21] .
æóßóÐóáößó ÎóÏöíÌóÉõ ßóÇäóÊú ÒóæúÌóÊóåõ¡ æóÇáÒøóæúÌóÉõ ÞóÏú ÊõäúÝöÞõ ãóÇáóåóÇ Úóáóì ÒóæúÌöåóÇ æóÅöäú ßóÇäó Ïõæäó ÇáäøóÈöíøö Õóáøóì Çááøóåõ Úóáóíúåö æóÓóáøóãó.
æóÚóáöíøñ áóæú ÞõÏøöÑó Ãóäøóåõ ÃóäúÝóÞó áóßóÇäó ÞóÏú (2) ÃóäúÝóÞó Úóáóì ÞóÑöíÈöåö¡ æóåóÐöåö ÃóÓúÈóÇÈñ ÞóÏú íõÖóÇÝõ ÇáúÝöÚúáõ ÅöáóíúåóÇ ÈöÎöáóÇÝö ÅöäúÝóÇÞö ÃóÈöí ÈóßúÑò ÝóÅöäøóåõ áóãú íóßõäú áóåõ ÓóÈóÈñ ÅöáøóÇ ÇáúÅöíãóÇäõ ÈöÇááøóåö æóÍúÏóåõ ÝóßóÇäó ãöäú ÃóÍóÞøö ÇáúãõÊøóÞöíäó ÈöÊóÍúÞöíÞö Þóæúáöåö: {ÅöáøóÇ ÇÈúÊöÛóÇÁó æóÌúåö ÑóÈøöåö ÇáúÃóÚúáóì} ¡ æóÞóæúáõåõ: {æóÓóíõÌóäøóÈõåóÇ ÇáúÃóÊúÞóì - ÇáøóÐöí íõÄúÊöí ãóÇáóåõ íóÊóÒóßøóì - æóãóÇ áöÃóÍóÏò ÚöäúÏóåõ ãöäú äöÚúãóÉò ÊõÌúÒóì - ÅöáøóÇ ÇÈúÊöÛóÇÁó æóÌúåö ÑóÈøöåö ÇáúÃóÚúáóì} [ÓõæÑóÉõ Çááøóíúáö: 17 - 20] ÇÓúÊöËúäóÇÁñ ãõäúÞóØöÚñ æóÇáúãóÚúäóì: áóÇ íóÞúÊóÕöÑõ Ýöí ÇáúÚóØóÇÁö Úóáóì ãóäú áóåõ ÚöäúÏóåõ äöÚúãóÉñ íõßóÇÝöÆõåõ ÈöÐóáößó (3) ¡ ÝóÅöäøó åóÐóÇ ãöäú ÈóÇÈö ÇáúÚóÏúáö ÇáúæóÇÌöÈö áöáäøóÇÓö ÈóÚúÖöåöãú Úóáóì ÈóÚúÖò ÈöãóäúÒöáóÉö ÇáúãõÚóÇæóÖóÉö Ýöí ÇáúãõÈóÇíóÚóÉö æóÇáúãõÄóÇÌóÑóÉö æóåõæó æóÇÌöÈñ áößõáøö ÃóÍóÏò Úóáóì ÃóÍóÏò¡ ÝóÅöÐóÇ áóãú íóßõäú áöÃóÍóÏò ÚöäúÏóåõ äöÚúãóÉñ ÊõÌúÒóì áóãú íóÍúÊóÌú Åöáóì åóÐöåö ÇáúãõÚóÇæóÖóÉö¡ Ýóíóßõæäõ ÚóØóÇÄõåõ ÎóÇáöÕðÇ áöæóÌúåö ÑóÈøöåö ÇáúÃóÚúáóì¡ ÈöÎöáóÇÝö ãóäú ßóÇäó ÚöäúÏóåõ áöÛóíúÑöåö äöÚúãóÉñ íóÍúÊóÇÌõ Ãóäú íóÌúÒöíóåõ ÈöåóÇ ÝóÅöäøóåõ íóÍúÊóÇÌõ
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(1) ä¡ ã¡ Ó: ÚöäúÏóåõ ÓóÈóÈñ. . .
(2) ÞóÏú: ÓóÇÞöØóÉñ ãöäú (Ó) ¡ (È)
(3) ä¡ ã: áöÐóáößó(8/500)
Ãóäú íõÚúØöíóåõ ãõÌóÇÒóÇÉð Úóáóì Ðóáößó.
æóåóÐóÇ ÇáøóÐöí ãóÇ áöÃóÍóÏò ÚöäúÏóåõ ãöäú äöÚúãóÉò ÊõÌúÒóì ÅöÐóÇ ÃóÚúØóì ãóÇáóåõ íóÊóÒóßøóì Ýöí ãõÚóÇãóáóÊöåö áöáäøóÇÓö (1) ÏóÇÆöãðÇ (2) íõßóÇÝöÆõåõãú æóíõÚóÇæöÖõåõãú æóíõÌóÇÒöíåöãú¡ ÝóÍöíäó ÅöÚúØóÇÆöåö ãóÇáóåõ íóÊóÒóßøóì áóãú íóßõäú áöÃóÍóÏò ÚöäúÏóåõ ãöäú äöÚúãóÉò ÊõÌúÒóì.
æóÝöíåö ÃóíúÖðÇ ãóÇ íõÈóíøöäõ Ãóäøó ÇáúÝóÖúáó ÈöÇáÕøóÏóÞóÉö áóÇ íóßõæäõ ÅöáøóÇ ÈóÚúÏó ÃóÏóÇÁö ÇáúæóÇÌöÈö ãöäó ÇáúãõÚóÇæóÖóÇÊö ßóãóÇ ÞóÇáó ÊóÚóÇáóì: {æóíóÓúÃóáõæäóßó ãóÇÐóÇ íõäúÝöÞõæäó Þõáö ÇáúÚóÝúæó} [ÓõæÑóÉõ ÇáúÈóÞóÑóÉö: 219] Ýóãóäú Úóáóíúåö Ïõíõæäñ ãöäú ÃóËúãóÇäò æóÞóÑúÖò (3) æóÛóíúÑö Ðóáößó¡ ÝóáóÇ íõÞóÏøöãõ ÇáÕøóÏóÞóÉó Úóáóì ÞóÖóÇÁö åóÐöåö ÇáúæóÇÌöÈóÇÊö¡ æóáóæú ÝóÚóáó Ðóáößó Ýóåóáú ÊõÑóÏøõ ÕóÏóÞóÊõåõ Úóáóì Þóæúáóíúäö ãóÚúÑõæÝóíúäö áöáúÝõÞóåóÇÁö ÝóåóÐöåö ÇáúÂíóÉõ íóÍúÊóÌøõ ÈöåóÇ ãöäú ÊõÑóÏøõ ÕóÏóÞóÊõåõ (4) ¡ áöÃóäøó Çááøóåó ÊóÚóÇáóì ÅöäøóãóÇ ÃóËúäóì Úóáóì ãóäú ÂÊóì ãóÇáóåõ íóÊóÒóßøóì¡ æóãóÇ áöÃóÍóÏò ÚöäúÏóåõ ãöäú äöÚúãóÉò ÊõÌúÒóì ÝóÅöÐóÇ ßóÇäó ÚöäúÏóåõ äöÚúãóÉð ÊõÌúÒóì ÝóÚóáóíúåö Ãóäú íóÌúÒöíó ÈöåóÇ (5) ÞóÈúáó Ãóäú íõÄúÊöí ãóÇáóåõ íóÊóÒóßøóì¡ ÝóÅöÐóÇ ÂÊóì ãóÇáóåõ íóÊóÒóßøóì ÞóÈúáó Ãóäú íóÌúÒöíó ÈöåóÇ (6) áóãú íóßõäú ãóãúÏõæÍðÇ¡ Ýóíóßõæäõ Úóãóáõåõ ãóÑúÏõæÏðÇ áöÞóæúáöåö Õóáøóì Çááøóåõ Úóáóíúåö æóÓóáøóãó: " «ãóäú Úóãöáó ÚóãóáðÇ áóíúÓó Úóáóíúåö ÃóãúÑõäóÇ Ýóåõæó ÑóÏøñ» " (7) .
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(1) Ó¡ È: Ýöí ãõÚóÇãóáóÉö ÇáäøóÇÓö.
(2) ã: æóÅöäøóãóÇ.
(3) ä: ÅöíãóÇäò æóÝóÑúÖò¡ ã¡ Ó: ÅöíãóÇäò æóÞóÑúÖò. æóÇáúãõËúÈóÊõ ãöäú (È)
(4) (4 - 4) : ÓóÇÞöØñ ãöäú (Ó) ¡ (È)
(5) ã: Ãóäú íóÌúÒöíóåõ ÈöåóÇ.
(6) ã: ÞóÈúáó Ãóäú íóÌúÒöíóåõ ÈöåóÇ.
(7) ÇáúÍóÏöíËõ Úóäú ÚóÇÆöÔóÉó ÑóÖöíó Çááøóåõ ÚóäúåóÇ Ýöí: ÇáúÈõÎóÇÑöíøö 3/184 (ßöÊóÇÈõ ÇáÕøõáúÍö¡ ÈóÇÈõ ÅöÐóÇ ÇÕúØóáóÍõæÇ Úóáóì ÕõáúÍö ÌóæúÑò. . .) ¡ 5/69 (ßöÊóÇÈõ ÇáúÈõíõæÚö¡ ÈóÇÈõ ÇáäøóÌóÔö) ¡ 9/107 (ßöÊóÇÈõ ÇáöÇÚúÊöÕóÇãö ÈöÇáúßöÊóÇÈö æóÇáÓøóäóÉö¡ ÈóÇÈõ ÅöÐóÇ ÇÌúÊóåóÏó ÇáúÚóÇãöáõ Ãóæö ÇáúÍóÇßöãõ) ãõÓúáöãò 3/1343 - 1344 (ßöÊóÇÈõ ÇáúÃóÞúÖöíóÉö¡ ÈóÇÈõ äóÞúÖö ÇáúÃóÍúßóÇãö ÇáúÈóÇØöáóÉö æóÑóÏøö ãõÍúÏóËóÇÊö ÇáúÃõãõæÑö) ¡ Óõäóäö ÃóÈöí ÏóÇæõÏó 4/280 (ßöÊóÇÈõ ÇáÓøõäøóÉö¡ ÈóÇÈñ Ýöí áõÒõæãö ÇáÓøõäøóÉö) ¡ Óõäóäö ÇÈúäö ãóÇÌóåú 1/7 (ÇáúãõÞóÏøöãóÉõ¡ ÈóÇÈõ ÊóÚúÙöíãö ÍóÏöíËö ÑóÓõæáö Çááøóåö Õóáøóì Çááøóåõ Úóáóíúåö æóÓóáøóãó¡ æóÇáÊøóÛúáöíÙõ Úóáóì ãóäú ÚóÇÑóÖóåõ¡ ÇáúãõÓúäóÏö (Ø. ÇáúÍóáóÈöíøö) 6/146(8/501)
ÇáÑøóÇÈöÚõ: Ãóäøó åóÐöåö ÇáúÂíóÉó ÅöÐóÇ ÞõÏøöÑó Ãóäøóåõ ÏóÎóáó ÝöíåóÇ ãóäú ÏóÎóáó ãöäó ÇáÕøóÍóÇÈóÉö¡ ÝóÃóÈõæ ÈóßúÑò ÃóÍóÞøõ ÇáúÃõãøóÉö ÈöÇáÏøõÎõæáö ÝöíåóÇ Ýóíóßõæäõ åõæó ÇáúÃóÊúÞóì ãöäú åóÐöåö ÇáúÃõãøóÉö Ýóíóßõæäõ ÃóÝúÖóáóåõãú¡ æóÐóáößó (* áöÃóäøó Çááøóåó ÊóÚóÇáóì æóÕóÝó ÇáúÃóÊúÞóì ÈöÕöÝóÇÊò ÃóÈõæ ÈóßúÑò Ãóßúãóáõ ÈöåóÇ ãöäú ÌóãöíÚö ÇáúÃõãøóÉö *) (1) æóåõæó Þóæúáõåõ: {ÇáøóÐöí íõÄúÊöí ãóÇáóåõ íóÊóÒóßøóì} æóÞóæúáõåõ: {æóãóÇ áöÃóÍóÏò ÚöäúÏóåõ ãöäú äöÚúãóÉò ÊõÌúÒóì - ÅöáøóÇ ÇÈúÊöÛóÇÁó æóÌúåö ÑóÈøöåö ÇáúÃóÚúáóì} [ÓõæÑóÉõ Çááøóíúáö: 18 - 20] .
ÃóãøóÇ ÅöíÊóÇÁõ ÇáúãóÇáö ÝóÞóÏú ËóÈóÊó Ýöí ÇáÕøöÍóÇÍö Úóäö ÇáäøóÈöíøö Õóáøóì Çááøóåõ Úóáóíúåö æóÓóáøóãó Ãóäøó ÅöäúÝóÇÞó ÃóÈöí ÈóßúÑò ÃóÝúÖóáõ ãöäú ÅöäúÝóÇÞö ÛóíúÑöåö¡ æóÃóäøó ãõÚóÇæóäóÊóåõ áóåõ ÈöäóÝúÓöåö æóãóÇáöåö Ãóßúãóáõ ãöäú ãõÚóÇæóäóÉö ÛóíúÑöåö (2) .
æóÃóãøóÇ ÇÈúÊöÛóÇÁõ ÇáäøöÚúãóÉö ÇáøóÊöí ÊõÌúÒóì ÝóÃóÈõæ ÈóßúÑò áóãú íóØúáõÈú ãöäó ÇáäøóÈöíøö Õóáøóì Çááøóåõ Úóáóíúåö æóÓóáøóãó ãóÇáðÇ ÞóØøõ æóáóÇ ÍóÇÌóÉð ÏõäúíóæöíøóÉð¡ æóÃóäøóåõ ßóÇäó íóØúáõÈõ ãöäúåõ ÇáúÚöáúãó áöÞóæúáöåö ÇáøóÐöí ËóÈóÊó Ýöí ÇáÕøóÍöíÍóíúäö «Ãóäøóåõ ÞóÇáó áöáäøóÈöíøö Õóáøóì Çááøóåõ Úóáóíúåö æóÓóáøóãó: " Úóáøöãúäöí ÏõÚóÇÁð ÃóÏúÚõæ Èöåö Ýöí ÕóáóÇÊöí "¡ ÝóÞóÇáó: " Þõáö Çááøóåõãøó Åöäøöí ÙóáóãúÊõ äóÝúÓöí ÙõáúãðÇ ßóËöíÑðÇ¡ æóáóÇ íóÛúÝöÑõ ÇáÐøõäõæÈó ÅöáøóÇ ÃóäúÊó¡ ÝóÇÛúÝöÑú áöí ãóÛúÝöÑóÉð ãöäú ÚöäúÏößó æóÇÑúÍóãúäöí
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(1) ãóÇ Èóíúäó ÇáäøóÌúãóÊóíúäö ÓóÇÞöØñ ãöäú (ã) .
(2) æóåõæó Þóæúáõåõ Õóáøóì Çááøóåõ Úóáóíúåö æóÓóáøóãó: " ãóÇ äóÝóÚóäöí ãóÇáñ ÞóØøõ ãóÇ äóÝóÚóäöí ãóÇáõ ÃóÈöí ÈóßúÑò: æóÓóÈóÞó åóÐóÇ ÇáúÍóÏöíËõ ÝöíãóÇ ãóÖóì 5/21¡ æóÞóæúáõåõ Õóáøóì Çááøóåõ Úóáóíúåö æóÓóáøóãó: " Åöäøó Ãóãóäøó ÇáäøóÇÓö ÚóáóíúäóÇ Ýöí ÕõÍúÈóÊöåö æóÐóÇÊö íóÏöåö ÃóÈõæ ÈóßúÑò¡ æóÓóÈóÞó åóÐóÇ ÇáúÍóÏöíËõ ÝöíãóÇ ãóÖóì 1/512.(8/502)
Åöäøóßó ÃóäúÊó ÇáúÛóÝõæÑõ ÇáÑøóÍöíãõ» " (1) .
æóáóÇ ÃóÚúØóÇåõ ÇáäøóÈöíøõ Õóáøóì Çááøóåõ Úóáóíúåö æóÓóáøóãó ãóÇáðÇ íóÎõÕøõåõ Èöåö ÞóØøõ¡ Èóáú Åöäú ÍóÖóÑó ÛóäöíãóÉð ßóÇäó ßóÂÍóÇÏö ÇáúÛóÇäöãöíäó¡ æóÃóÎóÐó ÇáäøóÈöíøõ Õóáøóì Çááøóåõ Úóáóíúåö æóÓóáøóãó ãóÇáóåõ ßõáøóåõ¡ æóÃóãøóÇ ÛóíúÑõåõ ãöäó ÇáúãõäúÝöÞöíäó ãöäó ÇáúÃóäúÕóÇÑö æóÈóäöí åóÇÔöãò ÝóÞóÏú ßóÇäó ÇáäøóÈöíøõ Õóáøóì Çááøóåõ Úóáóíúåö æóÓóáøóãó íõÚúØöíåöãú ãóÇ áóÇ íõÚúØóì ÛóíúÑóåõãú¡ ÝóÞóÏú ÃóÚúØóì Èóäöí åóÇÔöãò æóÈóäöí ÇáúãóØúáóÈö ãöäó ÇáúÎõãúÓö ãóÇ áóãú íõÚúØö (2) ÛóíúÑóåõãú¡ æóÇÓúÊóÚúãóáó ÚõãóÑó æóÃóÚúØóÇåõ ÚóãóÇáóÉð¡ æóÃóãøóÇ ÃóÈõæ ÈóßúÑò Ýóáóãú íõÚúØöåö ÔóíúÆðÇ ÝóßóÇäó ÃóÈúÚóÏó ÇáäøóÇÓö ãöäó ÇáäøöÚúãóÉö ÇáøóÊöí ÊõÌúÒóì æóÃóæúáóÇåõãú ÈöÇáäøöÚúãóÉö ÇáøóÊöí áóÇ ÊõÌúÒóì.
æóÃóãøóÇ ÅöÎúáóÇÕõåõ Ýöí ÇÈúÊöÛóÇÁö æóÌúåö ÑóÈøöåö ÇáúÃóÚúáóì¡ Ýóåõæó Ãóßúãóáõ ÇáúÃõãøóÉö Ýöí Ðóáößó ÝóÚõáöãó Ãóäøóåõ Ãóßúãóáõ ãóäú ÊóäóÇæóáóÊúåõ ÇáúÂíóÉõ Ýöí ÇáÕøöÝóÇÊö ÇáúãóÐúßõæÑóÉö.
ßóãóÇ Ãóäøóåõ Ãóßúãóáõ ãóäú ÊóäóÇæóáó Þóæúáõåõ: {æóÇáøóÐöí ÌóÇÁó ÈöÇáÕøöÏúÞö æóÕóÏøóÞó Èöåö ÃõæáóÆößó åõãõ ÇáúãõÊøóÞõæäó} [ÓõæÑóÉõ ÇáÒøõãóÑö: 33] .
æóÞóæúáõåõ: {áóÇ íóÓúÊóæöí ãöäúßõãú ãóäú ÃóäúÝóÞó ãöäú ÞóÈúáö ÇáúÝóÊúÍö æóÞóÇÊóáó ÃõæáóÆößó ÃóÚúÙóãõ ÏóÑóÌóÉð ãöäó ÇáøóÐöíäó ÃóäúÝóÞõæÇ ãöäú ÈóÚúÏõ æóÞóÇÊóáõæÇ æóßõáøðÇ æóÚóÏó Çááøóåõ ÇáúÍõÓúäóì} [ÓõæÑóÉõ ÇáúÍóÏöíÏö: 10] .
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(1) ÇáúÍóÏöíËõ Úóäú ÚóÈúÏö Çááøóåö Èúäö ÚóãúÑòæ Úóäú ÃóÈöí ÈóßúÑò ÇáÕøöÏøöíÞö ÑóÖöíó Çááøóåõ ÚóäúåõãóÇ Ýöí: ÇáúÈõÎóÇÑöíøö 1/166 (ßöÊóÇÈõ ÇáúÃóÐóÇäö¡ ÈóÇÈõ ÇáÏøõÚóÇÁö ÞóÈúáó ÇáúÅöÓúáóÇãö) 8/72 (ßöÊóÇÈõ ÇáÏøóÚóæóÇÊö¡ ÈóÇÈõ ÇáÏøõÚóÇÁö Ýöí ÇáÕøóáóÇÉö) 9/118 (ßöÊóÇÈõ ÇáÊøóæúÍöíÏö¡ ÈóÇÈõ Þóæúáö Çááøóåö ÊóÚóÇáóì: æóßóÇäó Çááøóåõ ÓóãöíÚðÇ ÈóÕöíÑðÇ) ãõÓúáöãò 4/2078 (ßöÊóÇÈõ ÇáÐøóßóÑö æóÇáÏøõÚóÇÁö. . ÈóÇÈõ ÇÓúÊöÍúÈóÇÈö ÎóÝúÖö ÇáÕøóæúÊö ÈöÇáÐøößúÑö) æóÇáúÍóÏöíËõ Ýöí Óõäóäö ÇáÊøöÑúãöÐöíøö æóÇáäøóÓóÇÆöíøö æóÇÈúäö ãóÇÌóåú æóãõÓúäóÏö ÃóÍúãóÏó.
(2) ä¡ Ó¡ È: ãóÇáóÇ íõÚúØöí. .(8/503)
æóÞóæúáõåõ: {æóÇáÓøóÇÈöÞõæäó ÇáúÃóæøóáõæäó ãöäó ÇáúãõåóÇÌöÑöíäó æóÇáúÃóäúÕóÇÑö} [ÓõæÑóÉõ ÇáÊøóæúÈóÉö: 100] ¡ æóÃóãúËóÇáõ Ðóáößó ãöäó ÇáúÂíóÇÊö ÇáøóÊöí ÝöíåóÇ ãóÏúÍõ ÇáúãõÄúãöäöíäó ãöäú åóÐöåö ÇáúÃõãøóÉö¡ ÝóÃóÈõæ ÈóßúÑò Ãóßúãóáõ ÇáúÃõãøóÉö Ýöí ÇáÕøöÝóÇÊö ÇáøóÊöí íóãúÏóÍõ Çááøóåõ ÈöåóÇ ÇáúãõÄúãöäöíäó¡ Ýóåõæó ÃóæúáóÇåõãú ÈöÇáÏøõÎõæáö ÝöíåóÇ (1) æóÃóßúãóáõ ãóäú ÏóÎóáó ÝöíåóÇ¡ ÝóÚõáöãó Ãóäøóåõ ÃóÝúÖóáõ ÇáúÃõãøóÉö.
[ÝÕá ßáÇã ÇáÑÇÝÖí Úáì Þæáå ÊÚÇáì Þá ááãÎáÝíä ãä ÇáÃÚÑÇÈ æÇáÑÏ Úáíå]
ÝóÕúáñ.
ÞóÇáó ÇáÑøóÇÝöÖöíøõ (2) : æóÃóãøóÇ Þóæúáõåõ ÊóÚóÇáóì: {Þõáú áöáúãõÎóáøóÝöíäó ãöäó ÇáúÃóÚúÑóÇÈö} [ÓõæÑóÉõ ÇáúÝóÊúÍö: 16] (3) ÝóÅöäøóåõ ÃóÑóÇÏó ÇáøóÐöíäó ÊóÎóáøóÝõæÇ Úóäö ÇáúÍõÏóíúÈöíóÉó æóÇáúÊóãóÓó åóÄõáóÇÁö Ãóäú íóÎúÑõÌõæÇ Åöáóì ÛóäöíãóÉö ÎóíúÈóÑó ÝóãóäóÚóåõãõ Çááøóåõ ÊóÚóÇáóì ÈöÞóæúáöåö: {Þõáú áóäú ÊóÊøóÈöÚõæäóÇ} [ÓõæÑóÉõ ÇáúÝóÊúÍö: 15] ; áöÃóäøóåõ ÊóÚóÇáóì ÌóÚóáó ÛóäöíãóÉó ÎóíúÈóÑó áöãóäú ÔóåöÏó ÇáúÍõÏóíúÈöíóÉó¡ Ëõãøó ÞóÇáó ÊóÚóÇáóì: {Þõáú áöáúãõÎóáøóÝöíäó ãöäó ÇáúÃóÚúÑóÇÈö ÓóÊõÏúÚóæúäó Åöáóì Þóæúãò Ãõæáöí ÈóÃúÓò ÔóÏöíÏò} [ÓõæÑóÉõ ÇáúÝóÊúÍö: 16] ¡ æóÞóÏú ÏóÚóÇåõãú ÑóÓõæáõ Çááøóåö Õóáøóì Çááøóåõ Úóáóíúåö æóÓóáøóãó Åöáóì ÛóÒóæóÇÊò ßóËöíÑóÉò (4)
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(1) ÝöíåóÇ: ÓóÇÞöØóÉñ ãöäú (Ó) ¡ (È) .
(2) ÓóÈóÞó ÅöíÑóÇÏõ åóÐóÇ ÇáúßóáóÇãö ãöäú ÞóÈúáõ () æóåõæó Ýöí (ß) Õ 199 (ã) - 200 (ã) .
(3) Ýöí (ß) - ßóãóÇ ÐóßóÑúÊõ ãöäú ÞóÈúáõ: ÓóíóÞõæáõ áóßó ÇáúãõÎóáøóÝõæäó ãöäó ÇáúÃóÚúÑóÇÈö ÓóÊõÏúÚóæúäó Åöáóì Þóæúãò Ãõæáöí ÈóÃúÓò ÔóÏöíÏò¡ æóåõæó ÎóØóÃñ.
(4) ß: Ëõãøó ÞóÇáó: (Þõáú áöáúãõÎóáøóÝöíäó ãöäó ÇáúÃóÚúÑóÇÈö ÓóÊõÏúÚóæúäó) (ÓõæÑóÉõ ÇáúÝóÊúÍö: 16) íõÑöíÏõ Çááøóåõ ÊóÚóÇáóì Ãóäøóåõ ÓóäóÏúÚõæßõãú ÝöíãóÇ ÈóÚúÏõ Åöáóì ÞöÊóÇáö Þóæúãò Ãõæáöí ÈóÃúÓò ÔóÏöíÏò¡ æóÞóÏú ÏóÚóÇåõãõ ÇáäøóÈöíøõ Õóáøóì Çááøóåõ Úóáóíúåö æóÓóáøóãó æóÂáöåö Åöáóì ÛóÒóÇÉò ßóËöíÑóÉò. . . ÅöáóÎ æóÇäúÙõÑú ãóÇ ÓóÈóÞó.(8/504)
ßóãõÄúÊóÉó æóÍõäóíúäò æóÊóÈõæßó æóÛóíúÑöåóÇ¡ æóßóÇäó ÇáÏøóÇÚöí ÑóÓõæáõ Çááøóåö Õóáøóì Çááøóåõ Úóáóíúåö æóÓóáøóãó¡ æóÃóíúÖðÇ ÌóÇÒó Ãóäú íóßõæäó ÚóáöíøðÇ ÍóíúËõ ÞóÇÊóáó ÇáäøóÇßöËöíäó æóÇáúÞóÇÓöØöíäó æóÇáúãóÇÑöÞöíäó¡ æóßóÇäó ÑõÌõæÚõåõãú Åöáóì ØóÇÚóÊöåö ÅöÓúáóÇãðÇ áöÞóæúáöåö Õóáøóì Çááøóåõ Úóáóíúåö æóÓóáøóãó: " «íóÇ Úóáöíøõ ÍóÑúÈõßó ÍóÑúÈöí æóÍóÑúÈõ (1) ÑóÓõæáö Çááøóåö Õóáøóì Çááøóåõ Úóáóíúåö æóÓóáøóãó ßõÝúÑñ» ".
ÝóÇáúÌóæóÇÈõ: ÃóãøóÇ ÇáöÇÓúÊöÏúáóÇáõ ÈöåóÐöåö ÇáúÂíóÉö Úóáóì ÎöáóÇÝóÉö ÇáÕøöÏøöíÞö æóæõÌõæÈö ØóÇÚóÊöåö ÝóÞóÏö ÇÓúÊóÏóáøó ÈöåóÇ ØóÇÆöÝóÉñ ãöäú Ãóåúáö ÇáúÚöáúãö¡ ãöäúåõãõ ÇáÔøóÇÝöÚöíøõ æóÇáúÃóÔúÚóÑöíøõ æóÇÈúäõ ÍóÒúãò æóÛóíúÑöåöãú æóÇÍúÊóÌøõæÇ ÈöÃóäøó Çááøóåó ÊóÚóÇáóì ÞóÇáó: {ÝóÅöäú ÑóÌóÚóßó Çááøóåõ Åöáóì ØóÇÆöÝóÉò ãöäúåõãú ÝóÇÓúÊóÃúÐóäõæßó áöáúÎõÑõæÌö ÝóÞõáú áóäú ÊóÎúÑõÌõæÇ ãóÚöíó ÃóÈóÏðÇ æóáóäú ÊõÞóÇÊöáõæÇ ãóÚöíó ÚóÏõæøðÇ} ÇáúÂíóÉó [ÓõæÑóÉõ ÇáÊøóæúÈóÉö: 83] ÞóÇáõæÇ: ÝóÞóÏú ÃóãóÑó Çááøóåõ ÑóÓõæáóåõ Ãóäú íóÞõæáó áöåóÄõáóÇÁö: áóäú ÊóÎúÑõÌõæÇ ãóÚöí ÃóÈóÏðÇ æóáóäú ÊõÞóÇÊöáõæÇ ãóÚöíó ÚóÏõæøðÇ¡ ÝóÚõáöãó Ãóäøó ÇáÏøóÇÚöíó áóåõãú Åöáóì ÇáúÞöÊóÇáö áóíúÓó ÑóÓõæáó Çááøóåö Õóáøóì Çááøóåõ Úóáóíúåö æóÓóáøóãó ÝóæóÌóÈó Ãóäú íóßõæäó ãöäú ÈóÚúÏöåö æóáóíúÓó ÅöáøóÇ ÃóÈóÇ ÈóßúÑò (2) ¡ Ëõãøó ÚõãóÑó¡ Ëõãøó ÚõËúãóÇäó ÇáøóÐöíäó ÏóÚóæõÇ ÇáäøóÇÓó Åöáóì ÞöÊóÇáö ÝóÇÑöÓó æóÇáÑøõæãö æóÛóíúÑöåöãú¡ Ãóæú íõÓúáöãõæäó ÍóíúËõ ÞóÇáó ÊõÞóÇÊöáõæäóåõãú¡ Ãóæú íõÓúáöãõæäó.
æóåóÄõáóÇÁö ÌóÚóáõæÇ ÇáúãóÐúßõæÑöíäó Ýöí " ÓõæÑóÉö ÇáúÝóÊúÍö " åõãõ ÇáúãõÎóÇØóÈöíäó Ýöí ÓõæÑóÉö " ÈóÑóÇÁóÉó " æóãöäú åõäóÇ ÕóÇÑó Ýöí ÇáúÍõÌøóÉö äóÙóÑñ¡ ÝóÅöäøó ÇáøóÐöíäó Ýöí ÓõæÑóÉö " ÇáúÝóÊúÍö " åõãõ ÇáøóÐöíäó ÏõÚõæÇ Òóãóäó ÇáúÍõÏóíúÈöíóÉö áöíóÎúÑõÌõæÇ ãóÚó ÇáäøóÈöíøö Õóáøóì Çááøóåõ Úóáóíúåö æóÓóáøóãó¡ áóãøóÇ
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(1) ß: ÍóÑúÈöí æóÓöáúãõßó Óöáúãöí¡ æóÍóÑúÈõ. . .
(2) ä¡ ã¡ Ó: æóáóíúÓó ÅöáøóÇ ÃóÈõæ ÈóßúÑò. .(8/505)
ÃóÑóÇÏó Ãóäú íóÐúåóÈó Åöáóì ãóßøóÉó æóÕóÏøóåõ ÇáúãõÔúÑößõæäó æóÕóÇáóÍóåõãú ÚóÇãó ÍöíäóÆöÐò ÈöÇáúÍõÏóíúÈöíóÉö (1) ¡ æóÈóÇíóÚóåõ ÇáúãõÓúáöãõæäó ÊóÍúÊó ÇáÔøóÌóÑóÉö.
æóÓõæÑóÉõ ÇáúÝóÊúÍö äóÒóáóÊú Ýöí åóÐöåö ÇáúÞöÕøóÉö¡ æóßóÇäó Ðóáößó ÇáúÚóÇãõ ÚóÇãó ÓöÊøò ãöäó ÇáúåöÌúÑóÉö ÈöÇáöÇÊøöÝóÇÞö æóÝöí Ðóáößó äóÒóáó Þóæúáõåõ: {æóÃóÊöãøõæÇ ÇáúÍóÌøó æóÇáúÚõãúÑóÉó áöáøóåö ÝóÅöäú ÃõÍúÕöÑúÊõãú ÝóãóÇ ÇÓúÊóíúÓóÑó ãöäó ÇáúåóÏúíö} [ÓõæÑóÉõ ÇáúÈóÞóÑóÉö: 196] ¡ æóÝöíåóÇ äóÒøóáóÊú ÝöÏúíóÉõ ÇáúÃóÐóì Ýöí ßóÚúÈö Èúäö ÚõÌúÑóÉó æóåöíó Þóæúáõåõ (2) : {ÝóÝöÏúíóÉñ ãöäú ÕöíóÇãò Ãóæú ÕóÏóÞóÉò Ãóæú äõÓõßò} [ÓõæÑóÉõ ÇáúÈóÞóÑóÉö: 196] ¡ æóáóãøóÇ ÑóÌóÚó ÇáäøóÈöíøõ Õóáøóì Çááøóåõ Úóáóíúåö æóÓóáøóãó Åöáóì ÇáúãóÏöíäóÉö ÎóÑóÌó Åöáóì ÎóíúÈóÑó ÝóÝóÊóÍóåóÇ Çááøóåõ Úóáóì ÇáúãõÓúáöãöíäó Ýöí Ãóæøóáö ÓóäóÉö ÓóÈúÚò¡ æóÝöíåóÇ ÃóÓúáóãó ÃóÈõæ åõÑóíúÑóÉó æóÞóÏöãó ÌóÚúÝóÑñ æóÛóíúÑõåõ ãöäú ãõåóÇÌöÑóÉö ÇáúÍóÈóÔóÉö¡ æóáóãú íõÓúåöãö ÇáäøóÈöíøõ Õóáøóì Çááøóåõ Úóáóíúåö æóÓóáøóãó áöÃóÍóÏò ãöãøóäú ÔóåöÏó ÎóíúÈóÑó ÅöáøóÇ áöÃóåúáö ÇáúÍõÏóíúÈöíóÉö ÇáøóÐöíäó ÈóÇíóÚõæÇ ÊóÍúÊó ÇáÔøóÌóÑóÉö ÅöáøóÇ Ãóåúáó ÇáÓøóÝöíäóÉö ÇáøóÐöíäó ÞóÏöãõæÇ ãóÚó ÌóÚúÝóÑò¡ æóÝöí Ðóáößó äóÒóáó (3) Þóæúáõåõ: {ÓóíóÞõæáõ ÇáúãõÎóáøóÝõæäó ÅöÐóÇ ÇäúØóáóÞúÊõãú Åöáóì ãóÛóÇäöãó áöÊóÃúÎõÐõæåóÇ ÐóÑõæäóÇ äóÊøóÈöÚúßõãú íõÑöíÏõæäó Ãóäú íõÈóÏøöáõæÇ ßóáóÇãó Çááøóåö Þõáú áóäú ÊóÊøóÈöÚõæäóÇ ßóÐóáößõãú ÞóÇáó Çááøóåõ ãöäú ÞóÈúáõ ÝóÓóíóÞõæáõæäó Èóáú ÊóÍúÓõÏõæäóäóÇ} [ÓõæÑóÉõ ÇáúÝóÊúÍö: 15] Åöáóì Þóæúáöåö: {ÊõÞóÇÊöáõæäóåõãú Ãóæú íõÓúáöãõæäó} [ÓõæÑóÉõ ÇáúÝóÊúÍö: 16] æóÞóÏú ÏóÚóÇ ÇáäøóÇÓó ÈóÚúÏó Ðóáößó ÑóÓõæáõ Çááøóåö Õóáøóì Çááøóåõ Úóáóíúåö æóÓóáøóãó Åöáóì ãóßøóÉó ÚóÇãó ËóãóÇäò ãöäó ÇáúåöÌúÑóÉö¡ æóßóÇäóÊú ÎóíúÈóÑõ ÓóäóÉó ÓóÈúÚò æóÏóÚóÇåõãú ÚóÞöÈó ÇáúÝóÊúÍö Åöáóì ÞöÊóÇáö åóæóÇÒöäó ÈöÍõäóíúäò¡ Ëõãøó ÍóÇÕóÑó ÇáØøóÇÆöÝó ÓóäóÉó ËóãóÇäò æóßóÇäóÊú åöíó ÂÎöÑó ÇáúÛóÒóæóÇÊö ÇáøóÊöí ÞóÇÊóáó ÝöíåóÇ ÑóÓõæáõ Çááøóåö Õóáøóì Çááøóåõ Úóáóíúåö
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(1) ã: æóÕóÇáóÍóåõãú ÚóÇãó ÇáúÍõÏóíúÈöíóÉö
(2) ä¡ ã¡ Ó:. . . Èúäõ ÚóÌúÑóÉó æóÞóæúáõåõ. .
(3) ä¡ Ó: äõÒõæáõ(8/506)
æóÓóáøóãó¡ æóÛóÒóÇ ÊóÈõæßó ÓóäóÉó ÊöÓúÚò¡ áóßöäú áóãú íóßõäú ÝöíåóÇ ÞöÊóÇáñ: ÛóÒóÇ ÝöíåóÇ ÇáäøóÕóÇÑóì ÈöÇáÔøóÇãö æóÝöíåóÇ ÃóäúÒóáó Çááøóåõ (1) ÓõæÑóÉó ÈóÑóÇÁóÉó¡ æóÐóßóÑó ÝöíåóÇ ÇáúãõÎóáøóÝöíäó ÇáøóÐöíäó ÞóÇáó Ýöíåöãú: {ÝóÞõáú áóäú ÊóÎúÑõÌõæÇ ãóÚöíó ÃóÈóÏðÇ æóáóäú ÊõÞóÇÊöáõæÇ ãóÚöíó ÚóÏõæøðÇ} [ÓõæÑóÉõ ÇáÊøóæúÈóÉö: 83] .
æóÃóãøóÇ ãõÄúÊóÉõ ÝóßóÇäóÊú ÓóÑöíøóÉð ÞóÇáó ÝöíåóÇ ÇáäøóÈöíøõ Õóáøóì Çááøóåõ Úóáóíúåö æóÓóáøóãó: " «ÃóãöíÑõßõãú ÒóíúÏñ¡ ÝóÅöäú ÞõÊöáó ÝóÌóÚúÝóÑñ¡ ÝóÅöäú ÞõÊöáó ÝóÚóÈúÏõ Çááøóåö Èúäõ ÑóæóÇÍóÉó» " (2) ¡ æóßóÇäóÊú ÈóÚúÏó ÚõãúÑóÉö ÇáúÞóÖöíøóÉö æóÞóÈúáó ÝóÊúÍö ãóßøóÉó¡ ÝóÅöäøó ÌóÚúÝóÑðÇ ÍóÖóÑó ÚõãúÑóÉó ÇáúÞóÖöíøóÉö¡ æóÊóäóÇÒóÚó åõæó æóÚóáöíøñ æóÒóíúÏñ Ýöí ÈöäúÊö ÍóãúÒóÉó ÞóÖóì ÈöåóÇ ÇáäøóÈöíøõ Õóáøóì Çááøóåõ Úóáóíúåö æóÓóáøóãó áöÃóÓúãóÇÁó ÇãúÑóÃóÉö ÌóÚúÝóÑò ÎóÇáóÉö ÇáúÈöäúÊö¡ æóÞóÇáó: " «ÇáúÎóÇáóÉõ ÈöãóäúÒöáóÉö ÇáúÃõãøö» " (3) ¡ æóáóãú íóÔúåóÏú ÒóíúÏñ æóáóÇ ÌóÚúÝóÑñ æóáóÇ ÇÈúäõ ÑóæóÇÍóÉó ÝóÊóÍó ãóßøóÉó ; áöÃóäøóåõãõ ÇÓúÊõÔúåöÏõæÇ ÞóÈúáó Ðóáößó Ýöí ÛóÒúæóÉö ãõÄúÊóÉó.
æóÅöÐóÇ ÚõÑöÝó åóÐóÇ ÝóæóÌúåõ ÇáöÇÓúÊöÏúáóÇáö ãöäó ÇáúÂíóÉö Ãóäú íõÞóÇáó Þóæúáõåõ ÊóÚóÇáóì: {ÓóÊõÏúÚóæúäó Åöáóì Þóæúãò Ãõæáöí ÈóÃúÓò ÔóÏöíÏò ÊõÞóÇÊöáõæäóåõãú Ãóæú íõÓúáöãõæäó} [ÓõæÑóÉõ ÇáúÝóÊúÍö: 16] íóÏõáøõ Úóáóì Ãóäøóåõãú ãõÊøóÕöÝõæäó ÈöÃóäøóåõãú Ãõæáõæ ÈóÃúÓò ÔóÏöíÏò æóÈöÃóäøóåõãú íõÞóÇÊóáõæäó¡ Ãóæú íõÓúáöãõæäó ÞóÇáõæÇ: ÝóáóÇ íóÌõæÒõ Ãóäú íóßõæäó ÏóÚóÇåõãú (4) Åöáóì ÞöÊóÇáö Ãóåúáö ãóßøóÉó æóåóæóÇÒöäó ÚõÞóíúÈó ÚóÇãö ÇáúÝóÊúÍö¡ áöÃóäøó åóÄõáóÇÁö åõãõ ÇáøóÐöíäó ÏõÚõæúÇ Åöáóíúåöãú ÚóÇãó ÇáúÍõÏóíúÈöíóÉö¡ æóãóäú áóãú íóßõäú ãöäúåõãú Ýóåõæó ãöäú ÌöäúÓöåöãú áóíúÓó åõæó ÃóÔóÏøó ÈóÃúÓðÇ ãöäúåõãú ßõáøõåõãú ÚóÑóÈñ ãöäú Ãóåúáö ÇáúÍöÌóÇÒö¡ æóÞöÊóÇáõåõãú ãóäú ÌöäúÓò æóÇÍöÏò¡ æóÃóåúáõ ãóßøóÉó æóãóäú
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(1) áóÝúÙõ ÇáúÌóáóÇáóÉö ÛóíúÑõ ãóæúÌõæÏò Ýöí (Ó) ¡ (È)
(2) ÓóÈóÞó åóÐóÇ ÇáúÍóÏöíËõ ÝöíãóÇ ãóÖóì 4/278
(3) ÓóÈóÞó åóÐóÇ ÇáúÍóÏöíËõ ÝöíãóÇ ãóÖóì 4/34.
(4) ä¡ Ó¡ È: Ãóäú íóßõæäó ÏõÚóÇÁõåõãú¡ æóåõæó ÎóØóÃñ. æóÇáúãõËúÈóÊõ ãöäú (ã) .(8/507)
ÍóæúáóåóÇ ßóÇäõæÇ ÃóÔóÏøó ÈóÃúÓðÇ æóÞöÊóÇáðÇ áöáäøóÈöíøö Õóáøóì Çááøóåõ Úóáóíúåö æóÓóáøóãó æóÃóÕúÍóÇÈöåö íóæúãó ÈóÏúÑò æóÃõÍöÏò æóÇáúÎóäúÏóÞö ãöäú ÃõæáóÆößó æóßóÐóáößó Ýöí ÛóíúÑö Ðóáößó ãöäó ÇáÓøóÑóÇíóÇ.
ÝóáóÇ ÈõÏøó Ãóäú íóßõæäó åóÄõáóÇÁö ÇáøóÐöíäó ÊóÞóÚõ ÇáÏøóÚúæóÉõ Åöáóì ÞöÊóÇáöåöãú áóåõãõ ÇÎúÊöÕóÇÕñ ÈöÔöÏøóÉö ÇáúÈóÃúÓö ãöãøóäú ÏõÚõæÇ Åöáóíúåö ÚóÇãó ÇáúÍõÏóíúÈöíóÉö ßóãóÇ ÞóÇáó ÊóÚóÇáóì: {Ãõæáöí ÈóÃúÓò ÔóÏöíÏò} [ÓõæÑóÉõ ÇáúÝóÊúÍö: 16] ¡ æóåõäóÇ ÕöäúÝóÇäö: ÃóÍóÏõåõãóÇ: Èóäõæ ÇáúÃóÕúÝóÑö ÇáøóÐöíäó ÏõÚõæÇ Åöáóì ÞöÊóÇáöåöãú ÚóÇãó ÊóÈõæßó ÓóäóÉó ÊöÓúÚò ÝóÅöäøóåõãú Ãõæáõæ ÈóÃúÓò ÔóÏöíÏò¡ æóåõãú ÃóÍóÞøõ ÈöåóÐöåö ÇáÕøöÝóÉö ãöäú ÛóíúÑöåöãú¡ æóÃóæøóáõ ÞöÊóÇáò ßóÇäó ãóÚóåõãú ÚóÇãó ãõÄúÊóÉó ÚóÇãó ËóãóÇäò ÞóÈúáó ÊóÈõæßó ÝóÞõÊöáó ÝöíåóÇ ÃõãóÑóÇÁõ ÇáúãõÓúáöãöíäó ÒóíúÏñ æóÌóÚúÝóÑñ æóÚóÈúÏõ Çááøóåö Èúäõ ÑóæóÇÍóÉó æóÑóÌóÚó ÇáúãõÓúáöãõæäó ßóÇáúãõäúåóÒöãöíäó.
æóáöåóÐóÇ ÞóÇáõæÇ áöáäøóÈöíøö Õóáøóì Çááøóåõ Úóáóíúåö æóÓóáøóãó áóãøóÇ ÑóÌóÚõæÇ: «äóÍúäõ ÇáúÝóÑøóÇÑõæäó¡ ÝóÞóÇáó: " Èóáú ÃóäúÊõãõ ÇáúÚóßøóÇÑõæäó¡ ÃóäóÇ ÝöÆóÊõßõãú æóÝöÆóÉõ ßõáøõ ãõÓúáöãò» " (1) .
æóáóßöäú ÞóÏú ÚóÇÑóÖó ÈóÚúÖõåõãú åóÐóÇ ÈöÞóæúáöåö: {ÊõÞóÇÊöáõæäóåõãú Ãóæú íõÓúáöãõæäó} [ÓõæÑóÉõ ÇáúÝóÊúÍö: 16] ¡ æóÃóåúáõ ÇáúßöÊóÇÈö íõÞóÇÊóáõæäó ÍóÊøóì íõÚúØõæÇ ÇáúÌöÒúíóÉó ÝóÊóÃóæøóáó ÇáúÂíóÉó ØóÇÆöÝóÉñ ÃõÎúÑóì Ýöí ÇáúãõÑúÊóÏøöíäó ÇáøóÐöíäó ÞóÇÊóáóåõãõ ÇáÕøöÏøöíÞõ ÃóÕúÍóÇÈó ãõÓóíúáöãóÉó ÇáúßóÐøóÇÈö¡ ÝóÅöäøóåõãú ßóÇäõæÇ Ãõæáöí ÈóÃúÓò ÔóÏöíÏò¡ æóáóÞöíó ÇáúãõÓúáöãõæäó Ýöí ÞöÊóÇáöåöãú ÔöÏøóÉð
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(1) ÇáúÍóÏöíËó - ãóÚó ÇÎúÊöáóÇÝò Ýöí ÇáúÃóáúÝóÇÙö - Úóäú ÚóÈúÏö Çááøóåö Èúäö ÚõãóÑó ÑóÖöíó Çááøóåõ ÚóäúåõãóÇ Ýöí: Óõäóäö ÃóÈöí ÏóÇæõÏó 3/63 (ßöÊóÇÈõ ÇáúÌöåóÇÏö¡ ÈóÇÈñ Ýöí ÇáÊøóæóáøöí íóæúãó ÇáÒøóÍúÝö) Óõäóäö ÇáÊøöÑúãöÐöíøö 3/130 (ßöÊóÇÈõ ÇáúÌöåóÇÏö¡ ÈóÇÈõ ãóÇ ÌóÇÁó Ýöí ÇáúÝöÑóÇÑö ãöäó ÇáÒøóÍúÝö) ÇáúãõÓúäóÏö (Ø. ÇáúãóÚóÇÑöÝö) 7/234. æóÞóÇáó ÇáÊøöÑúãöÐöíøõ Ýöí ÊóÚúáöíÞöåö: " åóÐóÇ ÍóÏöíËñ ÍóÓóäñ ÛóÑöíÈñ áóÇ äóÚúÑöÝõåõ ÅöáøóÇ ãöäú ÍóÏöíËö íóÒöíÏó Èúäö ÃóÈöí ÒöíóÇÏò. . . æóãóÚúäóì Þóæúáöåö: Èóáú ÃóäúÊõãõ ÇáúÚóßøóÇÑõæäó. æóÇáúÚóßøóÇÑõ ÇáøóÐöí íóÝöÑøõ Åöáóì ÅöãóÇãöåö áöíóäúÕõÑóåõ¡ áóíúÓó íõÑöíÏõ ÇáúÝöÑóÇÑó ãöäó ÇáÒøóÍúÝö " æóÕóÍøóÍó ÇáÔøóíúÎõ ÃóÍúãóÏ ÔóÇßöÑ ÇáúÍóÏöíËó (æóÇäúÙõÑú ÊóÚúáöíÞóåõ) .(8/508)
ÚóÙöíãóÉð æóÇÓúÊóÍóÑøó ÇáúÞóÊúáõ íóæúãóÆöÐò ÈöÇáúÞõÑøóÇÁö (1) ¡ æóßóÇäóÊú ãöäú ÃóÚúÙóãö ÇáúãóáóÇÍöãö ÇáøóÊöí Èóíúäó ÇáúãõÓúáöãöíäó æóÚóÏõæøöåöãú¡ æóÇáúãõÑúÊóÏøõæäó íõÞóÇÊöáõæäó¡ Ãóæú íõÓúáöãõæäó¡ áóÇ íõÞúÈóáõ ãöäúåõãú ÌöÒúíóÉñ æóÃóæøóáõ ãóäú ÞóÇÊóáóåõãõ ÇáÕøöÏøöíÞõ æóÃóÕúÍóÇÈõåõ¡ ÝóÏóáøó Úóáóì æõÌõæÈö ØóÇÚóÊöåö Ýöí ÇáÏøõÚóÇÁö Åöáóì ÞöÊóÇáöåöãú.
æóÇáúÞõÑúÂäõ íóÏõáøõ æóÇááøóåõ ÃóÚúáóãõ Úóáóì Ãóäøóåõãú íõÏúÚóæúäó Åöáóì Þóæúãò ãóæúÕõæÝöíäó ÈöÃóÍóÏö ÇáúÃóãúÑóíúäö: ÅöãøóÇ ãõÞóÇÊóáóÊöåöãú áóåõãú æóÅöãøóÇ ÅöÓúáóÇãöåöãú áóÇ ÈõÏøó ãöäú ÃóÍóÏöåöãóÇ¡ æóåõãú Ãõæáõæ ÈóÃúÓò ÔóÏöíÏò æóåóÐóÇ ÈöÎöáóÇÝö ãóäú ÏõÚõæÇ Åöáóíúåö ÚóÇãó ÇáúÍõÏóíúÈöíóÉö¡ ÝóÅöäøóåõãú áóãú íõæÌóÏú ãöäúåõãú áóÇ åóÐóÇ æóáóÇ åóÐóÇ æóáóÇ ÃóÓúáóãõæÇ¡ Èóáú ÕóÇáóÍóåõãõ ÇáÑøóÓõæáõ ÈöáóÇ ÅöÓúáóÇãò æóáóÇ ÞöÊóÇáò¡ ÝóÈóíøóäó ÇáúÞõÑúÂäõ ÇáúÝóÑúÞó Èóíúäó ãóäú ÏõÚõæÇ Åöáóíúåö ÚóÇãó ÇáúÍõÏóíúÈöíóÉö æóÈóíúäó ãóäú íõÏúÚóæúäó Åöáóíúåö ÈóÚúÏó Ðóáößó.
Ëõãøó ÅöÐóÇ ÝõÑöÖó (2) Úóáóíúåöãö ÇáúÅöÌóÇÈóÉõ æóÇáØøóÇÚóÉõ ÅöÐóÇ ÏõÚõæÇ Åöáóì Þóæúãò Ãõæáöí ÈóÃúÓò ÔóÏöíÏò ÝóáóÃóäú íóÌöÈó Úóáóíúåöãõ ÇáØøóÇÚóÉõ ÅöÐóÇ ÏõÚõæÇ Åöáóì ãóäú áóíúÓó ÈöÐöí ÈóÃúÓò ÔóÏöíÏò ÈöØóÑöíÞö ÇáúÃóæúáóì æóÇáúÃóÍúÑóì¡ ÝóÊóßõæäõ ÇáØøóÇÚóÉõ æóÇÌöÈóÉð Úóáóíúåöãú Ýöí ÏõÚóÇÁö ÇáäøóÈöíøö Õóáøóì Çááøóåõ Úóáóíúåö æóÓóáøóãó Åöáóì ãóßøóÉó æóåóæóÇÒöäó æóËóÞöíÝó.
Ëõãøó áóãøóÇ ÏóÚóÇåõãú (3) ÈóÚúÏó åóÄõáóÇÁö Åöáóì Èóäöí ÇáúÃóÕúÝóÑö ßóÇäõæÇ Ãõæáöí ÈóÃúÓò ÔóÏöíÏò¡ æóÇáúÞõÑúÂäõ ÞóÏú æóßøóÏó ÇáúÃóãúÑó Ýöí ÚóÇãö ÊóÈõæßó¡ æóÐóãøó ÇáúãõÊóÎóáøöÝöíäó Úóäö ÇáúÌöåóÇÏö ÐóãøðÇ ÚóÙöíãðÇ ßóãóÇ ÊóÏõáøõ Úóáóíúåö ÓõæÑóÉõ ÈóÑóÇÁóÉó¡ æóåóÄõáóÇÁö æõÌöÏó Ýöíåöãú ÃóÍóÏõ ÇáúÃóãúÑóíúäö: ÇáúÞöÊóÇáõ Ãóæö ÇáúÅöÓúáóÇãõ¡ æóåõæó ÓõÈúÍóÇäóåõ áóãú íóÞõáú: {ÊõÞóÇÊöáõæäóåõãú Ãóæú íõÓúáöãõæäó}
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(1) È: (ÝóÞóØú) : ÈöÇáúÝóÑøóÇÁö¡ æóåõæó ÊóÍúÑöíÝñ ÙóÇåöÑñ.
(2) ã: ÚõÑöÖó
(3) ã: Ëõãøó áóãøóÇ ÏóÚúæóÇåõãú. . .(8/509)
[ÓõæÑóÉõ ÇáúÝóÊúÍö: 16] Åöáóì Ãóäú íõÓúáöãõæÇ¡ æóáóÇ ÞóÇáó: ÞóÇÊöáõæåõãú ÍóÊøóì íõÓúáöãõæÇ¡ Èóáú æóÕóÝóåõãú ÈöÃóäøóåõãú íõÞóÇÊöáõæäó¡ Ãóæú íõÓúáöãõæäó¡ Ëõãøó ÅöÐóÇ ÞõæÊöáõæÇ ÝóÅöäøóåõãú íõÞóÇÊóáõæäó ßóãóÇ ÃóãóÑó Çááøóåõ ÍóÊøóì íõÚúØõæÇ ÇáúÌöÒúíóÉó Úóäú íóÏò æóåõãú ÕóÇÛöÑõæäó.
ÝóáóíúÓó Ýöí Þóæúáöåö: {ÊõÞóÇÊöáõæäóåõãú} ãóÇ íóãúäóÚõ Ãóäú íóßõæäó ÇáúÞöÊóÇáõ Åöáóì ÇáúÅöÓúáóÇãö æóÃóÏóÇÁö ÇáúÌöÒúíóÉö¡ áóßöäú íõÞóÇáõ Þóæúáõåõ: {ÓóÊõÏúÚóæúäó Åöáóì Þóæúãò Ãõæáöí ÈóÃúÓò ÔóÏöíÏò} [ÓõæÑóÉõ ÇáúÝóÊúÍö: 16] ßóáóÇãñ ÍõÐöÝó ÝóÇÚöáõåõ Ýóáóãú íõÚóíøóäö ÇáúÝóÇÚöáõ ÇáÏøóÇÚöí áóåõãú Åöáóì ÇáúÞöÊóÇáö¡ ÝóÏóáøó ÇáúÞõÑúÂäõ Úóáóì æõÌõæÈö ÇáØøóÇÚóÉö áößõáøö ãóäú ÏóÚóÇåõãú Åöáóì ÞöÊóÇáö Þóæúãò Ãõæáöí ÈóÃúÓò ÔóÏöíÏò íõÞóÇÊöáõæäóåõãú¡ Ãóæú íõÓúáöãõæäó.
æóáóÇ ÑóíúÈó Ãóäøó ÃóÈóÇ ÈóßúÑò ÏóÚóÇåõãú Åöáóì ÞöÊóÇáö ÇáúãõÑúÊóÏøöíäó¡ Ëõãøó ÞöÊóÇáö ÝóÇÑöÓó æóÇáÑøõæãö¡ æóßóÐóáößó ÚõãóÑõ ÏóÚóÇåõãú Åöáóì ÞöÊóÇáö ÝóÇÑöÓó æóÇáÑøõæãö¡ æóÚõËúãóÇäõ ÏóÚóÇåõãú Åöáóì ÞöÊóÇáö ÇáúÈóÑúÈóÑö æóäóÍúæöåöãú¡ æóÇáúÂíóÉõ ÊóÊóäóÇæóáõ åóÐóÇ ÇáÏøõÚóÇÁó ßõáøóåõ.
ÃóãøóÇ ÊóÎúÕöíÕõåóÇ Èöãóäú ÏóÚóÇåõãú ÈóÚúÏó ÇáäøóÈöíøö Õóáøóì Çááøóåõ Úóáóíúåö æóÓóáøóãó ßóãóÇ ÞóÇáóåõ (1) ØóÇÆöÝóÉñ ãöäó ÇáúãõÍúÊóÌøöíäó ÈöåóÇ Úóáóì ÎöáóÇÝóÉö ÃóÈöí ÈóßúÑò ÝóÎóØóÃñ¡ Èóáú ÅöÐóÇ Þöíáó: ÊóÊóäóÇæóáõ åóÐóÇ æóåóÐóÇ ßóÇäó åóÐóÇ ãöãøóÇ íõÓóæøóÛõ¡ æóíõãúßöäõ Ãóäú íõÑóÇÏó ÈöÇáúÂíóÉö (2) æóíõÓúÊóÏóáøõ Úóáóíúåö ÈöåóÇ¡ æóáöåóÐóÇ æóÌóÈó ÞöÊóÇáõ ÇáúßõÝøóÇÑö ãóÚó ßõáøö ÃóãöíÑò ÏóÚóÇ Åöáóì ÞöÊóÇáöåöãú¡ æóåóÐóÇ ÃóÙúåóÑõ ÇáúÃóÞúæóÇáö Ýöí ÇáúÂíóÉö æóåõæó Ãóäøó ÇáúãõÑóÇÏó ÊõÏúÚóæúäó Åöáóì ÞöÊóÇáö Ãõæáöí ÈóÃúÓò ÔóÏöíÏò ÃóÚúÙóãõ ãöäó ÇáúÚóÑóÈö áóÇ ÈõÏøó Ýöíåöãú ãöäú ÃóÍóÏö ÃóãúÑóíúäö: ÅöãøóÇ Ãóäú íõÓúáöãõæÇ¡ æóÅöãøóÇ Ãóäú íõÞóÇÊóáõæÇ ÈöÎöáóÇÝö ãóäú ÏõÚõæÇ Åöáóíúåö ÚóÇãó ÇáúÍõÏóíúÈöíóÉö¡ ÝóÅöäøó ÈóÃúÓóåõãú áóãú íóßõäú ÔóÏöíÏðÇ ãöËúáó åóÄõáóÇÁö æóÏõÚõæÇ Åöáóíúåöãú ÝóÝöí Ðóáößó áóãú íõÓúáöãõæÇ æóáóãú íõÞóÇÊóáõæÇ.
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(1) Ó¡ È: ßóãóÇ ÞóÇáó.
(2) ã: íõÑóÇÏõ Èöåö ÇáúÂíóÉõ.(8/510)
æóßóÐóáößó ÚóÇãó ÇáúÝóÊúÍö Ýöí Ãóæøóáö ÇáúÃóãúÑö áóãú íõÓúáöãõæÇ æóáóãú íõÞóÇÊóáõæÇ¡ áóßöäú ÈóÚúÏó Ðóáößó ÃóÓúáóãõæÇ.
æóåóÄõáóÇÁö åõãõ ÇáÑøõæãõ æóÇáúÝõÑúÓõ æóäóÍúæõåõãú¡ ÝóÅöäøóåõ áóÇ ÈõÏøó ãöäú ÞöÊóÇáöåöãú ÅöÐóÇ áóãú íõÓúáöãõæÇ¡ æóÃóæøóáõ ÇáÏøóÚúæóÉö Åöáóì ÞöÊóÇáö åóÄõáóÇÁö ÚóÇãó ãõÄúÊóÉó æóÊóÈõæßó¡ æóÚóÇãó ÊóÈõæßó áóãú íõÞóÇÊöáõæÇ ÇáäøóÈöíøó Õóáøóì Çááøóåõ Úóáóíúåö æóÓóáøóãó æóáóãú íõÓúáöãõæÇ¡ áóßöäú Ýöí Òóãóäö ÇáÕøöÏøöíÞö æóÇáúÝóÇÑõæÞö ßóÇäó áóÇ ÈõÏøó ãöäú ÃóÍóÏö ÇáúÃóãúÑóíúäö: ÅöãøóÇ ÇáúÅöÓúáóÇãõ æóÅöãøóÇ ÇáúÞöÊóÇáõ¡ æóÈóÚúÏó ÇáúÞöÊóÇáö ÃóÏøóæõÇ ÇáúÌöÒúíóÉó áóãú íõÕóÇáöÍõæÇ ÇÈúÊöÏóÇÁð ßóãóÇ ÕóÇáóÍó ÇáúãõÔúÑößõæäó ÚóÇãó ÇáúÍõÏóíúÈöíóÉö¡ ÝóÊóßõæäõ ÏóÚúæóÉõ ÃóÈöí ÈóßúÑò æóÚõãóÑó Åöáóì ÞöÊóÇáö åóÄõáóÇÁö ÏóÇÎöáóÉð Ýöí ÇáúÂíóÉö æóåõæó ÇáúãóØúáõæÈõ.
æóÇáúÂíóÉõ ÊóÏõáøõ Úóáóì Ãóäøó ÞöÊóÇáó Úóáöíøò áóãú ÊóÊóäóÇæóáúåõ ÇáúÂíóÉõ (1) ¡ ÝóÅöäøó ÇáøóÐöíäó ÞóÇÊóáóåõãú áóãú íóßõæäõæÇ Ãõæáöí ÈóÃúÓò ÔóÏöíÏò ÃóÚúÙóãó ãöäú ÈóÃúÓö ÃóÕúÍóÇÈöåö¡ Èóáú ßóÇäõæÇ ãöäú ÌöäúÓöåöãú¡ æóÃóÕúÍóÇÈõåõ ßóÇäõæÇ ÃóÔóÏøó ÈóÃúÓðÇ.
æóÃóíúÖðÇ Ýóåõãú áóãú íóßõæäõæÇ íõÞóÇÊöáõæäó¡ Ãóæú íõÓúáöãõæäó ÝóÅöäøóåõãú ßóÇäõæÇ ãõÓúáöãöíäó.
æóãóÇ ÐóßóÑóåõ Ýöí ÇáúÍóÏöíËö ãöäú Þóæúáöåö (2) : " «ÍóÑúÈõßó ÍóÑúÈöí» " áóãú íóÐúßõÑú áóåõ ÅöÓúäóÇÏðÇ¡ ÝóáóÇ íóÞõæãõ Èöåö ÍõÌøóÉñ¡ ÝóßóíúÝó æóåõæó ßóÐöÈñ ãóæúÖõæÚñ ÈöÇÊøöÝóÇÞö Ãóåúáö ÇáúÚöáúãö ÈöÇáúÍóÏöíËö¿ .
æóãöãøóÇ íõæóÖøöÍõ ÇáúÃóãúÑó Ãóäøó ÇáäøóÈöíøó Õóáøóì Çááøóåõ Úóáóíúåö æóÓóáøóãó ÞóÈúáó äõÒõæáö " ÈóÑóÇÁóÉó " æóÂíóÉö ÇáúÌöÒúíóÉö ßóÇäó ÇáúßõÝøóÇÑõ ãöäó ÇáúãõÔúÑößöíäó æóÃóåúáö ÇáúßöÊóÇÈö ÊóÇÑóÉð íõÞóÇÊöáõåõãú¡ æóÊóÇÑóÉð íõÚóÇåöÏõåõãú ÝóáóÇ íõÞóÇÊöáõåõãú æóáóÇ íõÓúáöãõæäó¡ ÝóáóãøóÇ ÃóäúÒóáó Çááøóåõ " ÈóÑóÇÁóÉó " æóÃóãóÑóåõ ÝöíåóÇ ÈöäóÈúÐö
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(1) ä¡ ã: áóãú íóÊóäóÇæóáö ÇáúÂíóÉó.
(2) ä¡ ã¡ Ó: æóãóäú ÐóßóÑóåõ Ýöí ÇáúÍóÏöíËö æóÞóæúáöåö. .(8/511)
ÇáúÚóåúÏö (1) Åöáóì ÇáúßõÝøóÇÑö¡ æóÃóãóÑóåõ Ãóäú íõÞóÇÊöáó Ãóåúáó ÇáúßöÊóÇÈö ÍóÊøóì íõÚúØõæÇ ÇáúÌöÒúíóÉó Úóäú íóÏò æóåõãú ÕóÇÛöÑõæäó¡ ÕóÇÑó ÍöíäóÆöÐò ãóÃúãõæÑðÇ ÈöÃóäú íóÏúÚõæ ÇáäøóÇÓó Åöáóì ÞöÊóÇáö ãóäú áóÇ ÈõÏøó ãöäú ÞöÊóÇáöåöãú¡ Ãóæú ÅöÓúáóÇãöåöãú (2) ¡ æóÅöÐóÇ ÞóÇÊóáóåõãú ÞóÇÊóáóåõãú ÍóÊøóì íõÓúáöãõæÇ Ãóæú íõÚúØõæÇ ÇáúÌöÒúíóÉó áóãú íóßõäú áóåõ ÍöíäóÆöÐò Ãóäú íõÚóÇåöÏóåõãú ÈöáóÇ ÌöÒúíóÉò¡ ßóãóÇ [ßóÇäó] (3) (4) íõÚóÇåöÏõ ÇáúßõÝøóÇÑó ãöäó ÇáúãõÔúÑößöíäó æóÃóåúáö ÇáúßöÊóÇÈö ßóãóÇ ÚóÇåóÏó Ãóåúáó ãóßøóÉó ÚóÇãó ÇáúÍõÏóíúÈöíóÉö¡ æóÝöíåóÇ ÏóÚóÇ ÇáúÃóÚúÑóÇÈó Åöáóì ÞöÊóÇáöåöãú¡ æóÃõäúÒöáó ÝöíåóÇ ÓõæÑóÉõ ÇáúÝóÊúÍö¡ æóßóÐóáößó ÏóÚóÇ ÇáúãõÓúáöãöíäó æóÞóÇáó ÝöíåóÇ: {Þõáú áöáúãõÎóáøóÝöíäó ãöäó ÇáúÃóÚúÑóÇÈö ÓóÊõÏúÚóæúäó Åöáóì Þóæúãò Ãõæáöí ÈóÃúÓò ÔóÏöíÏò ÊõÞóÇÊöáõæäóåõãú Ãóæú íõÓúáöãõæäó} [ÓõæÑóÉõ ÇáúÝóÊúÍö: 16] ÈöÎöáóÇÝö åóÄõáóÇÁö ÇáøóÐöíäó ÏóÚóÇåõãú Åöáóíúåöãú ÚóÇãó ÇáúÍõÏóíúÈöíóÉö.
æóÇáúÝóÑúÞõ ÈóíúäóåõãóÇ ãöäú æóÌúåóíúäö: ÃóÍóÏõåõãóÇ: Ãóäøó ÇáøóÐöíäó íõÏúÚóæúäó Åöáóì ÞöÊóÇáöåöãú Ýöí ÇáúãõÓúÊóÞúÈóáö Ãõæáõæ ÈóÃúÓò ÔóÏöíÏò ÈöÎöáóÇÝö Ãóåúáö ãóßøóÉó æóÛóíúÑöåöãú ãöäó ÇáúÚóÑóÈö.
æóÇáËøóÇäöí: Ãóäøóßõãú ÊõÞóÇÊöáõæäóåõãú¡ Ãóæú íõÓúáöãõæäó áóíúÓó áóßõãú Ãóäú ÊõÕóÇáöÍõæåõãú æóáóÇ ÊõÚóÇåöÏõæåõãú ÈöÏõæäö Ãóäú íõÚúØõæÇ ÇáúÌöÒúíóÉó Úóäú íóÏò æóåõãú ÕóÇÛöÑõæäó¡ ßóãóÇ ÞóÇÊóáó Ãóåúáó ãóßøóÉó æóÛóíúÑóåõãú¡ æóÇáúÞöÊóÇáõ Åöáóì Ãóäú íõÚúØõæÇ ÇáúÌöÒúíóÉó Úóäú íóÏò æóåõãú ÕóÇÛöÑõæäó.
æóåóÐóÇ íõÈóíøöäõ Ãóäøó åóÄõáóÇÁö Ãõæáöí ÇáúÈóÃúÓö (5) áóãú íóßõæäõæÇ ãöãøóäú íõÚóÇåöÏõæäó ÈöáóÇ ÌöÒúíóÉò¡ ÝóÅöäøóåõãú íõÞóÇÊóáõæäó Ãóæú íõÓúáöãõæäó æóãóäú íõÚóÇåöÏõ ÈöáóÇ ÌöÒúíóÉò áóåõ (6) ÍóÇáñ ËóÇáöËñ: áóÇ íõÞóÇÊóáõ ÝöíåóÇ æóáóÇ íõÓúáöãõ¡ æóáóíúÓõæÇ ÃóíúÖðÇ ãöäú ÌöäúÓö ÇáúÚóÑóÈö ÇáøóÐöíäó " (* ÞõæÊöáõæÇ ÞóÈúáó Ðóáößó.
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(1) ã: ÇáúÚõåõæÏö
(2) Ó¡ È: ÞöÊóÇáöåöãú æóÅöÓúáóÇãöåöãú
(3) ßóÇäó: ÒöíóÇÏóÉñ Ýöí (È)
(4) ã: Ãõæáöí ÈöÃúÓò ÔóÏöíÏò. .
(5) ä¡ ã¡ Ó: ÝóÅöäøóåõ.
(6) áóåõ: ÓóÇÞöØóÉñ ãöäú (ã) .(8/512)
ÝóÊóÈóíøóäó Ãóäøó ÇáúæóÕúÝó [áóÇ] íóÊóäóÇæóáõ (1) ÇáøóÐöíäó ÞóÇÊóáóåõãú *) (2) ÈöÍõäóíúäò æóÛóíúÑöåöãú¡ ÝóÅöäøó åóÄõáóÇÁö ÈóÃúÓõåõãú ãöäú ÌöäúÓö ÈóÃúÓö ÃóãúËóÇáöåöãú ãöäó ÇáúÚóÑóÈö ÇáøóÐöíäó ÞõæÊöáõæÇ ÞóÈúáó Ðóáößó.
ÝóÊóÈóíøóäó Ãóäøó ÇáúæóÕúÝó íóÊóäóÇæóáõ ÝóÇÑöÓó æóÇáÑøõæãó ÇáøóÐöíäó ÃóãóÑó Çááøóåõ ÈöÞöÊóÇáöåöãú¡ Ãóæú íõÓúáöãõæäó æóÅöÐóÇ ÞõæÊöáõæÇ [ÞóÈúáó Ðóáößó] (3) ÝóÅöäøóåõãú íõÞóÇÊóáõæäó ÍóÊøóì íõÚúØõæÇ ÇáúÌöÒúíóÉó Úóäú íóÏò æóåõãú ÕóÇÛöÑõæäó.
æóÅöÐóÇ Þöíáó: Åöäøóåõ ÏóÎóáó Ðóáößó Ýöí ÞöÊóÇáö ÇáúãõÑúÊóÏøöíäó ; áöÃóäøóåõãú íõÞóÇÊóáõæäó Ãóæú íõÓúáöãõæäó¡ ßóÇäó ÃóæúÌóåó ãöäú Ãóäú íõÞóÇáó: ÇáúãõÑóÇÏõ ÞöÊóÇáõ Ãóåúáö ãóßøóÉó æóÃóåúáö Íõäóíúäò ÇáøóÐöíäó ÞõæÊöáõæÇ Ýöí ÍóÇáò ßóÇäó íóÌõæÒõ ÝöíåóÇ ãõåóÇÏóäóÉõ ÇáúßõÝøóÇÑö¡ ÝóáóÇ íõÓúáöãõæäó æóáóÇ íõÞóÇÊóáõæäó¡ æóÇáäøóÈöíøõ Õóáøóì Çááøóåõ Úóáóíúåö æóÓóáøóãó ÚóÇãó ÇáúÝóÊúÍö æóÍõäóíúäò ßóÇäó Èóíúäóåõ æóÈóíúäó ßóËöíÑò ãöäó ÇáúßõÝøóÇÑö ÚõåõæÏñ ÈöáóÇ ÌöÒúíóÉò ÝóÃóãúÖóÇåóÇ áóåõãú¡ æóáóßöäú áóãøóÇ ÃóäúÒóáó Çááøóåõ ÈóÑóÇÁóÉó ÈóÚúÏó Ðóáößó ÚóÇãó ÊöÓúÚò ÓóäóÉó ÛóÒúæóÉö ÊóÈõæßó ÈóÚóËó ÃóÈóÇ ÈóßúÑò ÈóÚúÏó ÊóÈõæßó ÃóãöíÑðÇ Úóáóì ÇáúãóæúÓöãö¡ ÝóÃóãóÑóåõ Ãóäú íõäóÇÏöíó: «Ãóäú áóÇ íóÍõÌøó ÈóÚúÏó ÇáúÚóÇãö ãõÔúÑößñ¡ æóáóÇ íóØõæÝó ÈöÇáúÈóíúÊö ÚõÑúíóÇäñ¡ æóÃóäøó ãóäú ßóÇäó Èóíúäóåõ æóÈóíúäó ÑóÓõæáö Çááøóåö ÚóåúÏñ¡ ÝóÚóåúÏõåõ Åöáóì ãõÏøóÊöåö æóÃóÑúÏóÝóåõ ÈöÚóáöíøò íóÃúãõÑõåõ ÈöäóÈúÐö ÇáúÚõåõæÏö ÇáúãõØúáóÞóÉö¡ æóÊóÃúÌöíáö ãóäú áóÇ ÚóåúÏó áóåõ ÃóÑúÈóÚóÉó ÃóÔúåõÑò» ßóÇäó ÂÎöÑõåóÇ ÔóåúÑó ÑóÈöíÚò ÓóäóÉó ÚóÔúÑò.
æóåóÐöåö ÇáúÍõÑõãõ ÇáúãóÐúßõæÑóÉõ Ýöí Þóæúáöåö: {ÝóÅöÐóÇ ÇäúÓóáóÎó ÇáúÃóÔúåõÑõ ÇáúÍõÑõãõ ÝóÇÞúÊõáõæÇ ÇáúãõÔúÑößöíäó ÍóíúËõ æóÌóÏúÊõãõæåõãú} ÇáúÂíóÉó (4) [ÓõæÑóÉõ ÇáÊøóæúÈóÉö: 5] ¡ áóíúÓó ÇáúãõÑóÇÏõ ÇáúÍõÑõãó
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(1) ä¡ Ó: Ãóäøó ÇáúæóÕúÝó íóÊóäóÇæóáõ. . .¡ æóåõæó ÎóØóÃñ.
(2) ãóÇ Èóíúäó ÇáäøóÌúãóÊóíúäö ÓóÇÞöØñ ãöäú (ã)
(3) ÞóÈúáó Ðóáößó: Ýöí (ã) ÝóÞóØú.
(4) ßóáöãóÉõ " ÇáúÂíóÉö ": ÓóÇÞöØóÉñ ãöäú (Ó) ¡ (È) .(8/513)
ÇáúãóÐúßõæÑóÉó Ýöí Þóæúáöåö: {ãöäúåóÇ ÃóÑúÈóÚóÉñ ÍõÑõãñ} [ÓõæÑóÉõ ÇáÊøóæúÈóÉö: 36] ¡ æóãóäú ÞóÇáó Ðóáößó ÝóÞóÏú ÛóáöØó ÛóáóØðÇ ãóÚúÑõæÝðÇ ÚöäúÏó Ãóåúáö ÇáúÚöáúãö ßóãóÇ åõæó ãóÈúÓõæØñ Ýöí ãóæúÖöÚöåö.
æóáóãøóÇ ÃóãóÑó Çááøóåõ ÈöÞöÊóÇáö Ãóåúáö ÇáúßöÊóÇÈö ÍóÊøóì íõÚúØõæÇ ÇáúÌöÒúíóÉó Úóäú íóÏò æóåõãú ÕóÇÛöÑõæäó ÃóÎóÐó ÇáäøóÈöíøõ Õóáøóì Çááøóåõ Úóáóíúåö æóÓóáøóãó ÇáúÌöÒúíóÉó ãöäó ÇáúãóÌõæÓö¡ æóÇÊøóÝóÞó ÇáúãõÓúáöãõæäó Úóáóì ÃóÎúÐöåóÇ ãöäú Ãóåúáö ÇáúßöÊóÇÈö æóÇáúãóÌõæÓö.
æóÊóäóÇÒóÚó ÇáúÚõáóãóÇÁõ Ýöí ÓóÇÆöÑö ÇáúßõÝøóÇÑö Úóáóì ËóáóÇËóÉö ÃóÞúæóÇáò: ÝóÞöíáó: ÌóãöíÚõåõãú íõÞóÇÊóáõæäó ÈóÚúÏó Ðóáößó ÍóÊøóì íõÚúØõæÇ ÇáúÌöÒúíóÉó Úóäú íóÏò æóåõãú ÕóÇÛöÑõæäó ÅöÐóÇ áóãú íõÓúáöãõæÇ¡ æóåóÐóÇ Þóæúáõ ãóÇáößò.
æóÞöíáó: íõÓúÊóËúäóì ãöäú Ðóáößó ãõÔúÑößõæ ÇáúÚóÑóÈö¡ æóåõæó Þóæúáõ ÃóÈöí ÍóäöíÝóÉó æóÃóÍúãóÏó Ýöí ÅöÍúÏóì ÇáÑøöæóÇíóÊóíúäö Úóäúåõ.
æóÞöíáó: Ðóáößó ãóÎúÕõæÕñ ÈöÃóåúáö ÇáúßöÊóÇÈö¡ æóãóäú áóåõ ÔõÈúåóÉõ ßöÊóÇÈò¡ æóåõæó Þóæúáõ ÇáÔøóÇÝöÚöíøö æóÃóÍúãóÏó Ýöí ÑöæóÇíóÉò ÃõÎúÑóì Úóäúåõ.
æóÇáúÞóæúáõ ÇáúÃóæøóáõ æóÇáËøóÇäöí ãõÊøóÝöÞóÇäö Ýöí ÇáúãóÚúäóì¡ ÝóÅöäøó ÂíóÉó ÇáúÌöÒúíóÉö áóãú ÊóäúÒöáú ÅöáøóÇ ÈóÚúÏó ÝóÑóÇÛö ÇáäøóÈöíøö Õóáøóì Çááøóåõ Úóáóíúåö æóÓóáøóãó ãöäú ÞöÊóÇáö ãõÔúÑößöí ÇáúÚóÑóÈö¡ ÝóÅöäøó ÂÎöÑó ÛóÒóæóÇÊöåö áöáúÚóÑóÈö ßóÇäóÊú ÛóÒúæóÉó ÇáØøóÇÆöÝö¡ æóßóÇäóÊú ÈóÚúÏó Íõäóíúäò æóÍõäóíúäñ ÈóÚúÏó ÝóÊúÍö ãóßøóÉó¡ æóßõáøõ Ðóáößó ÓóäóÉó ËóãóÇäò¡ æóÝöí ÇáÓøóäóÉö ÇáÊøóÇÓöÚóÉö ÛóÒóÇ ÇáäøóÕóÇÑóì ÚóÇãó ÊóÈõæßó¡ æóÝöíåóÇ äóÒóáóÊú ÓõæÑóÉõ " ÈóÑóÇÁóÉó " æóÝöíåóÇ ÃõãöÑó \ ÈöÇáúÞöÊóÇáö ÍóÊøóì íõÚúØõæÇ ÇáúÌöÒúíóÉó Úóäú íóÏò æóåõãú ÕóÇÛöÑõæäó.
«æóßóÇäó ÇáäøóÈöíøõ Õóáøóì Çááøóåõ Úóáóíúåö æóÓóáøóãó ÅöÐóÇ ÈóÚóËó ÃóãöíÑðÇ Úóáóì ÌóíúÔò Ãóæú ÓóÑöíøóÉò ÃóãóÑóåõ Ãóäú íõÞóÇÊöáóåõãú ÍóÊøóì íõÚúØõæÇ ÇáúÌöÒúíóÉó Úóäú íóÏò æóåõãú ÕóÇÛöÑõæäó» ¡ ßóãóÇ ÑóæóÇåõ ãõÓúáöãñ(8/514)
Ýöí ÕóÍöíÍöåö (1) ¡ æóÕóÇáóÍó ÇáäøóÈöíøõ Õóáøóì Çááøóåõ Úóáóíúåö æóÓóáøóãó äóÕóÇÑóì äóÌúÑóÇäó Úóáóì ÇáúÌöÒúíóÉö æóåõãú Ãóæøóáõ ãóäú ÃóÏøóì ÇáúÌöÒúíóÉó æóÝöíåöãú ÃóäúÒóáó Çááøóåõ ÕóÏúÑó ÓõæÑóÉö Âáö ÚöãúÑóÇäó¡ æóáóãøóÇ ßóÇäóÊú ÓóäóÉõ ÊöÓúÚò äóÝóì ÇáúãõÔúÑößõæäó Úóäö ÇáúÍóÑóãö¡ æóäóÈóÐó ÇáúÚõåõæÏó Åöáóíúåöãú¡ æóÃóãóÑóåõ Çááøóåõ ÊóÚóÇáóì Ãóäú íõÞóÇÊöáóåõãú¡ æóÃóÓúáóãó ÇáúãõÔúÑößõæäó ãöäó ÇáúÚóÑóÈö ßõáøõåõãú¡ Ýóáóãú íóÈúÞó ãõÔúÑößñ ãõÚóÇåöÏñ áóÇ ÈöÌöÒúíóÉò æóáóÇ ÈöÛóíúÑöåóÇ (2) æóÞóÈúáó Ðóáößó ßóÇäó íõÚóÇåöÏõåõãú ÈöáóÇ ÌöÒúíóÉò¡ ÝóÚóÏóãõ ÃóÎúÐö ÇáúÌöÒúíóÉö ãöäúåõãú (3) : åóáú ßóÇäó áöÃóäøóåõ áóãú íóÈúÞó Ýöíåöãú ãóäú íõÞóÇÊöáõ ÍóÊøóì íõÚúØõæÇ ÇáúÌöÒúíóÉó¡ Èóáú ÃóÓúáóãõæÇ ßõáøõåõãú áöãóÇ ÑóÃóæúÇ ãöäú ÍõÓúäö ÇáúÅöÓúáóÇãö æóÙõåõæÑöåö¡ æóÞõÈúÍö ãóÇ ßóÇäõæÇ Úóáóíúåö ãöäó ÇáÔøöÑúßö æóÃóäóÝóÊöåöãú ãöäú Ãóäú íõÄúÊõæÇ ÇáúÌöÒúíóÉó Úóäú íóÏò æóåõãú ÕóÇÛöÑõæäó¿ .
Ãóæú áöÃóäøó ÇáúÌöÒúíóÉó áóÇ íóÌõæÒõ ÃóÎúÐõåóÇ ãöäúåõãú¡ Èóáú íóÌöÈõ ÞöÊóÇáõåõãú Åöáóì ÇáúÅöÓúáóÇãö¡ ÝóÚóáóì ÇáúÃóæøóáö ÊõÄúÎóÐõ ãöäú ÓóÇÆöÑö ÇáúßõÝøóÇÑö ßóãóÇ ÞóÇáóåõ ÃóßúËóÑõ ÇáúÝõÞóåóÇÁö¡ æóåóÄõáóÇÁö íóÞõæáõæäó: áóãøóÇ ÃõãöÑó ÈöÞöÊóÇáö Ãóåúáö ÇáúßöÊóÇÈö ÍóÊøóì íõÚúØõæÇ ÇáúÌöÒúíóÉó Úóäú íóÏò æóåõãú
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(1) ÇáúÍóÏöíËõ Úóäú ÓõáóíúãóÇäó Èúäö ÈõÑóíúÏóÉó Úóäú ÃóÈöíåö ÑóÖöíó Çááøóåõ Úóäúåõ Ýöí ãõÓúáöãò 3/1357 - 1358 (ßöÊóÇÈõ ÇáúÌöåóÇÏö æóÇáÓøöíóÑö¡ ÈóÇÈõ ÊóÃúãöíÑö ÇáúÅöãóÇãö ÇáúÃõãóÑóÇÁó Úóáóì ÇáúÈõÚõæËö. . .) æóäóÕøõåõ: ßóÇäó ÑóÓõæáõ Çááøóåö Õóáøóì Çááøóåõ Úóáóíúåö æóÓóáøóãó ÅöÐóÇ ÃóãøóÑó ÃóãöíÑðÇ Úóáóì ÌóíúÔò Ãóæú ÓóÑöíøóÉò ÃóæúÕóÇåõ Ýöí ÎóÇÕøóÊöåö. . . Ëõãøó ÞóÇáó: " ÇÛúÒõæóÇ ÈöÇÓúãö Çááøóåö Ýöí ÓóÈöíáö. . . æóÅöÐóÇ áóÞöíÊó ÚóÏõæøóßó ãöäó ÇáúãõÔúÑößöíäó ÝóÇÏúÚõåõãú Åöáóì ËóáóÇËö ÎöÕóÇáò (Ãóæú ÎöáóÇáò) ÝóÃóíøóÊóåõäøó ãóÇ ÃóÌóÇÈõæßó ÝóÇÞúÈóáú ãöäúåõãú æóßõÝøó Úóäúåõãú¡ Ëõãøó ÇÏúÚõåõãú Åöáóì ÇáúÅöÓúáóÇãö. . . ÝóÅöäú åõãú ÃóÈóæúÇ ÝóÓóáúåõãõ ÇáúÌöÒúíóÉó¡ ÝóÅöäú åõãú ÃóÌóÇÈõæßó ÝóÇÞúÈóáú ãöäúåõãú æóßõÝøó Úóäúåõãú. . . ÇáúÍóÏöíËó. æóåõæó Ýöí: Óõäóäö ÇÈúäö ãóÇÌóåú 2/953 - 954 (ßöÊóÇÈõ ÇáúÌöåóÇÏö¡ ÈóÇÈõ æóÕöíøóÉö ÇáúÅöãóÇãö) ¡ ÇáúãõÓúäóÏö (Ø ÇáúÍóáóÈöíøö) 5/352¡ 358 æóåõæó Ýöí Óõäóäö ÃóÈöí ÏóÇæõÏó æóÓõäóäö ÇáÊøöÑúãöÐöíøö.
(2) Ó¡ È: Ýóáóãú íóÈúÞó ãóÚóÇåöÏñ ÈöÌöÒúíóÉò æóáóÇ ÈöÛóíúÑöåóÇ.
(3) ä¡ ã¡ Ó: Úóäúåõãú.(8/515)
ÕóÇÛöÑõæäó æóäõåöíó Úóäú ãõÚóÇåóÏóÊöåöãú ÈöáóÇ ÌöÒúíóÉò¡ ßóãóÇ ßóÇäó ÇáúÃóãúÑõ ÃóæøóáðÇ¡ æóßóÇäó (1) åóÐóÇ ÊóäúÈöíåðÇ Úóáóì Ãóäøó ãóäú åõæó Ïõæäóåõãú ãöäó ÇáúãõÔúÑößöíäó Ãóæúáóì Ãóäú áóÇ íõåóÇÏóäó ÈöÛóíúÑö ÌöÒúíóÉò¡ Èóáú íõÞóÇÊóáõ ÍóÊøóì íõÚúØõæÇ ÇáúÌöÒúíóÉó Úóäú íóÏò æóåõãú ÕóÇÛöÑõæäó.
æóáöåóÐóÇ ÞóÇáó ÇáäøóÈöíøõ Õóáøóì Çááøóåõ Úóáóíúåö æóÓóáøóãó Ýöí ÇáúãóÌõæÓö: " «ÓõäøõæÇ Èöåöãú ÓõäøóÉó Ãóåúáö ÇáúßöÊóÇÈö» " æóÕóÇáóÍó Ãóåúáó ÇáúÈóÍúÑóíúäö Úóáóì ÇáúÌöÒúíóÉö¡ æóÝöíåöãú ãóÌõæÓñ æóÇÊøóÝóÞó Úóáóì Ðóáößó ÎõáóÝóÇÄõåõ (2) æóÓóÇÆöÑõ ÚõáóãóÇÁö ÇáúãõÓúáöãöíäó¡ æóßóÇäó ÇáúÃóãúÑõ Ýöí Ãóæøóáö ÇáúÅöÓúáóÇãö Ãóäøóåõ íõÞóÇÊöáõ ÇáúßõÝøóÇÑó æóíõåóÇÏöäõåõãú ÈöáóÇ ÌöÒúíóÉò ßóãóÇ ßóÇäó ÇáäøóÈöíøõ Õóáøóì Çááøóåõ Úóáóíúåö æóÓóáøóãó íóÝúÚóáõåõ ÞóÈúáó äõÒõæáö ÈóÑóÇÁóÉó¡ ÝóáóãøóÇ äóÒóáóÊú " ÈóÑóÇÁóÉõ " ÃóãóÑóåõ ÝöíåóÇ ÈöäóÈúÐö åóÐöåö ÇáúÚõåõæÏö ÇáúãõØúáóÞóÉö¡ æóÃóãóÑóåõ Ãóäú íõÞóÇÊöáó Ãóåúáó ÇáúßöÊóÇÈö ÍóÊøóì íõÚúØõæÇ ÇáúÌöÒúíóÉó¡ ÝóÛóíúÑõåõãú Ãóæúáóì Ãóäú íõÞóÇÊóáõæÇ æóáóÇ íõÚóÇåóÏõæÇ.
æóÞóæúáõåõ ÊóÚóÇáóì: {ÝóÅöÐóÇ ÇäúÓóáóÎó ÇáúÃóÔúåõÑõ ÇáúÍõÑõãõ ÝóÇÞúÊõáõæÇ ÇáúãõÔúÑößöíäó ÍóíúËõ æóÌóÏúÊõãõæåõãú æóÎõÐõæåõãú æóÇÍúÕõÑõæåõãú æóÇÞúÚõÏõæÇ áóåõãú ßõáøó ãóÑúÕóÏò} ¡ æóÞóÇáó:
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(1) ä¡ Ó¡ È: ßóÇäó
(2) Ýöí ÇáúãõæóØøóÃö 1/278 (ßöÊóÇÈõ ÇáÒøóßóÇÉö¡ ÈóÇÈõ ÌöÒúíóÉö Ãóåúáö ÇáúßöÊóÇÈö æóÇáúãóÌõæÓö) Ýöí ÇáúÍóÏöíËö ÑóÞúãö 41 Úóäö ÇÈúäö ÔöåóÇÈò ÞóÇáó: ÈóáóÛóäöí Ãóäøó ÑóÓõæáó Çááøóåö Õóáøóì Çááøóåõ Úóáóíúåö æóÓóáøóãó ÃóÎóÐó ÇáúÌöÒúíóÉó ãöäú ãóÌõæÓö ÇáúÈóÍúÑóíúäö æóÃóäøó ÚõãóÑó Èúäö ÇáúÎóØøóÇÈö ÃóÎóÐóåóÇ ãöäú ãóÌõæÓö ÝóÇÑöÓó¡ æóÃóäøó ÚõËúãóÇäó Èúäó ÚóÝøóÇäó ÃóÎóÐóåóÇ ãöäó ÇáúÈóÑúÈóÑö. æóÝöí ÍóÏöíËö ÑóÞúãö 42 Ãóäøó ÚõãóÑó Èúäó ÇáúÎóØøóÇÈö ÐóßóÑó ÇáúãóÌõæÓó ÝóÞóÇáó: ãóÇ ÃóÏúÑöí ßóíúÝó ÃóÕúäóÚõ Ýöí ÃóãúÑöåöãú¿ ÝóÞóÇáó ÚóÈúÏõ ÇáÑøóÍúãóäö Èúäõ ÚóæúÝò: ÃóÔúåóÏõ áóÓóãöÚúÊõ ÑóÓõæáó Çááøóåö Õóáøóì Çááøóåõ Úóáóíúåö æóÓóáøóãó íóÞõæáõ: " ÓõäøõæÇ Èöåöãú ÓõäøóÉó Ãóåúáö ÇáúßöÊóÇÈö " æóÝöí ÇáúÈõÎóÇÑöíøö 4/96 (ßöÊóÇÈõ ÇáúÌöÒúíóÉö¡ ÈóÇÈõ ÇáúÌöÒúíóÉö æóÇáúãõæóÇÏóÚóÉö ãóÚó Ãóåúáö ÇáúÍóÑúÈö) Ãóäøó ÚõãóÑó ÑóÖöíó Çááøóåõ Úóäúåõ áóãú íóÃúÎõÐö ÇáúÌöÒúíóÉó ãöäó ÇáúãóÌõæÓö ÍóÊøóì ÔóåöÏó ÚóÈúÏõ ÇáÑøóÍúãóäö Èúäõ ÚóæúÝò Ãóäøó ÑóÓõæáó Çááøóåö Õóáøóì Çááøóåõ Úóáóíúåö æóÓóáøóãó ÃóÎóÐóåóÇ ãöäú ãóÌõæÓö åóÌóÑó. æóÝöí äóÝúÓö ÇáÕøóÝúÍóÉö Úóäú ÚóãúÑöæ Èúäö ÚóæúÝò ÇáúÃóäúÕóÇÑöíøö Ãóäøó ÑóÓõæáó Çááøóåö Õóáøóì Çááøóåõ Úóáóíúåö æóÓóáøóãó ÈóÚóËó ÃóÈóÇ ÚõÈóíúÏóÉó Èúäó ÇáúÌóÑøóÇÍö Åöáóì ÇáúÈóÍúÑóíúäö íóÃúÊöí ÈöÌöÒúíóÊöåóÇ.(8/516)
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(4) ä¡ Ó: ÇáúÍöÑóÝöíøõ¡ È: ÇáúÍöÑúÞöíøõ. æóåõæó ÃóÈõæ ÇáúÞóÇÓöãö ÚõãóÑõ Èúäõ ÇáúÍõÓóíúäö Èúäö ÚóÈúÏö Çááøóåö Èúäö ÃóÍúãóÏó ÇáúÎöÑóÞöíøõ ãöäú ÃóÆöãøóÉö ÝõÞóåóÇÁö ÇáúÍóäóÇÈöáóÉö¡ ãöäú Ãóåúáö ÈóÛúÏóÇÏó¡ äöÓúÈóÊõåõ Åöáóì ÈóíúÚö ÇáúÎöÑóÞö¡ ÊõæõÝøöíó ÓóäóÉó 334 ÈöÏöãóÔúÞó¡ ãöäú ÊóÕóÇäöíÝöåö ÇáøóÊöí ÈóÞóÊú " ÇáúãõÎúÊóÕóÑõ Ýöí ÇáúÝöÞúåö " æóíõÚúÑóÝõ ÈöãõÎúÊóÕóÑö ÇáúÎöÑóÞöíøö¡ ØõÈöÚó Ýöí ÏöãóÔúÞó ÓóäóÉó 1378. ÇäúÙõÑú ÊóÑúÌóãóÊóåõ Ýöí: æóÝóíóÇÊö ÇáúÃóÚúíóÇäö 3/115¡ ÊóÇÑöíÎö ÈóÛúÏóÇÏó 11/234 - 235¡ ØóÈóÞóÇÊö ÇáúÍóäóÇÈöáóÉö 2/75 - 118 ÇáúÃóÚúáóÇãö 5/202 ÓÒßíä ã 1 Ì [0 - 9] Õ 235.(8/517)
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æóÇáäøóÈöíøõ Õóáøóì Çááøóåõ Úóáóíúåö æóÓóáøóãó áóãú íõÞóÇÊöáúåõãú Ýöí ÛóÒúæóÉö ÊóÈõæßó æóÝöí ÛóÒúæóÉö ãóÄúÊóÉó ÇÓúÊóÙúåóÑõæÇ Úóáóì ÇáúãõÓúáöãöíäó¡ æóÞõÊöáó ÒóíúÏñ æóÌóÚúÝóÑñ æóÚóÈúÏõ Çááøóåö Èúäõ ÑóæóÇÍóÉó æóÃóÎóÐó ÇáÑøóÇíóÉó ÎóÇáöÏñ æóÛóÇíóÊõåõãú Ãóäú äóÌóæúÇ.
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áóßöäú ÞóÏú íõÞóÇáõ: ãóÐúåóÈõ Ãóåúáö ÇáÓøõäøóÉö Ãóäú íõÛúÒóì ãóÚó ßõáøö ÃóãöíÑò ÏóÚóÇ¡ ÈóÑøðÇ ßóÇäó Ãóæú¡ ÝóÇÌöÑðÇ ÝóåóÐöåö ÇáúÂíóÉõ ÊóÏõáøõ Úóáóì æõÌõæÈö ÇáúÌöåóÇÏö ãóÚó ßõáøö ÃóãöíÑò (1) ÏóÚóÇ ÇáäøóÇÓó Åöáóíúåö áöÃóäøóåõ áóíúÓó ÝöíåóÇ ãóÇ íóÏõáøõ Úóáóì Ãóäøó ÇáÏøóÇÚöíó ÅöãóÇãñ ÚóÏúáñ.
ÝóíõÞóÇáõ: åóÐóÇ íóäúÝóÚõ Ãóåúáó ÇáÓøõäøóÉö¡ ÝóÅöäøó ÇáÑøóÇÝöÖóÉó áóÇ ÊóÑóì ÇáúÌöåóÇÏó ÅöáøóÇ ãóÚó ÅöãóÇãò (2) ãóÚúÕõæãò¡ æóáóÇ ãóÚúÕõæãó ÚöäúÏóåõãú ãöäó ÇáÕøóÍóÇÈóÉö ÅöáøóÇ Úóáöíøñ¡ ÝóåóÐöåö ÇáúÂíóÉõ
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(2) ä¡ Ó¡ È: ÃóãöíÑò.(8/518)
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æóÞóÏú íõÓúÊóÏóáøõ ÈöÇáúÂíóÉö Úóáóì ÚóÏúáö ÇáúÎõáóÝóÇÁö ; áöÃóäøóåõ æóÚóÏó ÈöÇáúÃóÌúÑö ÇáúÍóÓóäö Úóáóì ãõÌóÑøóÏö ÇáØøóÇÚóÉö ÅöÐóÇ ÏóÚóæúÇ Åöáóì ÇáúÞöÊóÇáö¡ æóÌóÚóáó ÇáúãõÊóæóáøöí Úóäú Ðóáößó ßóãóÇ Êóæóáøóì ãöäú ÞóÈúáõ ãõÚóÐøóÈðÇ ÚóÐóÇÈðÇ ÃóáöíãðÇ.
æóãóÚúáõæãñ Ãóäøó ÇáúÃóãöíÑó ÇáúÛóÇÒöíó ÅöÐóÇ ßóÇäó ÝóÇÌöÑðÇ áóÇ ÊóÌöÈõ ØóÇÚóÊõåõ Ýöí ÇáúÞöÊóÇáö ãõØúáóÞðÇ¡ Èóáú ÝöíãóÇ ÃóãóÑó Çááøóåõ Èöåö æóÑóÓõæáõåõ æóÇáúãõÊóæóáøöí Úóäú ØóÇÚóÊöåö áóÇ íóÊóæóáøóì ßóãóÇ Êóæóáøóì Úóäú ØóÇÚóÉö ÇáÑøóÓõæáö ÈöÎöáóÇÝö ÇáúãõÊóæóáøöí Úóäú ØóÇÚóÉö ÇáúÎõáóÝóÇÁö ÇáÑøóÇÔöÏöíäó¡ ÝóÅöäøóåõ ÞóÏú íõÞóÇáõ: Åöäøóåõ Êóæóáøóì ßóãóÇ Êóæóáøóì ãöäú ÞóÈúáõ ÅöÐóÇ ßóÇäó ÃóãúÑõ ÇáúÎõáóÝóÇÁö ÇáÑøóÇÔöÏöíäó ãõØóÇÈöÞðÇ áöÃóãúÑö ÑóÓõæáö Çááøóåö Õóáøóì Çááøóåõ Úóáóíúåö æóÓóáøóãó.
æóÝöí ÇáúÌõãúáóÉö ÝóåóÐóÇ ÇáúãóæúÖöÚõ Ýöí ÇáöÇÓúÊöÏúáóÇáö Èöåö äóÙóÑñ æóÏöÞøóÉñ¡ æóáóÇ ÍóÇÌóÉó ÈöäóÇ Åöáóíúåö ÝóÝöí ÛóíúÑöåö ãóÇ íõÛúäöí Úóäúåõ.
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ÝóíõÞóÇáõ áóåõ: åóÐóÇ ÈóÇØöáñ ÞóØúÚðÇ ãöäú æõÌõæåò:
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ßóÇäó ÃóÔóÏøó ÈóÃúÓðÇ ãöäú ÝóÇÑöÓó æóÇáÑøõæãö.
æóáöåóÐóÇ ÞóÇáó ÊóÚóÇáóì: {æóáóÞóÏú äóÕóÑóßõãõ Çááøóåõ ÈöÈóÏúÑò æóÃóäúÊõãú ÃóÐöáøóÉñ} [ÓõæÑóÉõ Âáö ÚöãúÑóÇäó: 123] ¡ ÝóÅöäøó åóÄõáóÇÁö ÊóÌúãóÚõåõãú ÏóÚúæóÉõ ÇáúÅöÓúáóÇãö æóÇáúÌöäúÓõ (1) ÝóáóíúÓó Ýöí ÈóÚúÖöåöãú áöÈóÚúÖò ãöäó ÇáúÈóÃúÓö ãóÇ ßóÇäó Ýöí ÝóÇÑöÓó æóÇáÑøõæãö æóÇáäøóÕóÇÑóì æóÇáúãóÌõæÓö áöáúÚóÑóÈö ÇáúãõÓúáöãöíäó ÇáøóÐöíäó áóãú íóßõæäõæÇ íóÚõÏøõæäóåõãú ÅöáøóÇ ãöäú ÃóÖúÚóÝö ÌöíÑóÇäöåöãú æóÑóÚóÇíóÇåõãú¡ æóßóÇäõæÇ íóÍúÊóÞöÑõæäó ÃóãúÑóåõãú ÛóÇíóÉó ÇáöÇÍúÊöÞóÇÑö¡ æóáóæúáóÇ Ãóäøó Çááøóåó ÃóíøóÏó ÇáúãõÄúãöäöíäó ÈöãóÇ ÃóíøóÏó Èöåö ÑóÓõæáóåõ æóÇáúãõÄúãöäöíäó Úóáóì ÓõäøóÊöåö ÇáúÌóãöíáóÉö ãóÚóåõãú áóãóÇ ßóÇäõæÇ ãöãøóäú íóËúÈõÊõ ãóÚóåõãú Ýöí ÇáúÞöÊóÇáö¡ æóíóÝúÊóÍõ ÇáúÈöáóÇÏó æóåõãú ÃóßúËóÑõ ãöäúåõãú ÚóÏóÏðÇ æóÃóÚúÙóãõ ÞõæøóÉð æóÓöáóÇÍðÇ¡ áóßöäøó ÞõáõæÈó ÇáúãõÄúãöäöíäó ÃóÞúæóì ÈöÞõæøóÉö ÇáúÅöíãóÇäö ÇáøóÊöí ÎóÕøóåõãõ Çááøóåõ ÈöåóÇ.
ÇáúæóÌúåõ ÇáËøóÇäöí: Ãóäøó ÚóáöíøðÇ áóãú íóÏúÚõ äóÇÓðÇ ÈóÚöíÏöíäó ãöäúåõ Åöáóì ÞöÊóÇáö Ãóåúáö ÇáúÌóãóáö æóÞöÊóÇáö ÇáúÎóæóÇÑöÌö¡ æóáóãøóÇ ÞóÏöãó ÇáúÈóÕúÑóÉó áóãú íóßõäú Ýöí äöíøóÊöåö ÞöÊóÇáõ ÃóÍóÏò¡ Èóáú æóÞóÚó ÇáúÞöÊóÇáõ ÈöÛóíúÑö ÇÎúÊöíóÇÑò ãöäúåõ æóãöäú ØóáúÍóÉó æóÇáÒøõÈóíúÑö¡ æóÃóãøóÇ ÇáúÎóæóÇÑöÌõ ÝóßóÇäó ÈóÚúÖõ ÚóÓúßóÑöåö íóßúÝöíåöãú¡ áóãú íóÏúÚõ ÃóÍóÏðÇ Åöáóíúåöãú ãöäú ÃóÚúÑóÇÈö ÇáúÍöÌóÇÒö.
ÇáËøóÇáöËõ: Ãóäøóåõ áóæú ÞõÏøöÑó Ãóäøó ÚóáöíøðÇ ÊóÌöÈõ ØóÇÚóÊõåõ Ýöí ÞöÊóÇáö åóÄõáóÇÁö Ýóãöäó ÇáúãõãúÊóäöÚö Ãóäú íóÃúãõÑó Çááøóåõ ÈöØóÇÚóÉö ãóäú íõÞóÇÊöáõ Ãóåúáó ÇáÕøóáóÇÉö áöÑóÏøöåöãú Åöáóì ØóÇÚóÉö æóáöíøö ÇáúÃóãúÑö¡ æóáóÇ íóÃúãõÑõ ÈöØóÇÚóÉö ãóäú íõÞóÇÊöáõ ÇáúßõÝøóÇÑó áöíõÄúãöäõæÇ ÈöÇááøóåö æóÑóÓõæáöåö.
æóãóÚúáõæãñ Ãóäøó ãóäú ÎóÑóÌó ãöäú ØóÇÚóÉö Úóáöíøò áóíúÓó ÈöÃóÈúÚóÏó Úóäö ÇáúÅöíãóÇäö ÈöÇááøóåö æóÑóÓõæáöåö ãöãøóäú ßóÐøóÈó ÇáÑøóÓõæáó æóÇáúÞõÑúÂäó¡ æóáóãú íõÞöÑøó ÈöÔóíúÁò ãöãøóÇ ÌóÇÁó Èöåö ÇáÑøóÓõæáõ¡ Èóáú åóÄõáóÇÁö
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(1) ä¡ ã¡ Ó: æóÇáúÌóíúÔõ¡ æóåõæó ÊóÍúÑöíÝñ.(8/521)
ÃóÚúÙóãõ ÐóäúÈðÇ¡ æóÏõÚóÇÄõåõãú Åöáóì ÇáúÅöÓúáóÇãö ÃóÝúÖóáõ æóÞöÊóÇáõåõãú ÃóÝúÖóáõ¡ Åöäú ÞõÏøöÑó Ãóäøó ÇáøóÐöíäó ÞóÇÊóáõæÇ ÚóáöíøðÇ ßõÝøóÇÑñ.
æóÅöäú Þöíáó: åõãú ãõÑúÊóÏøõæäó¡ ßóãóÇ ÊóÞóæøóáóåõ ÇáÑøóÇÝöÖóÉõ.
ÝóãóÚúáõæãñ Ãóäøó ãóäú ßóÇäóÊú ÑöÏøóÊõåõ Åöáóì Ãóäú íõÄúãöäó ÈöÑóÓõæáò ÂÎóÑó ÛóíúÑö ãõÍóãøóÏò ßóÃóÊúÈóÇÚö ãõÓóíúáöãóÉó ÇáúßóÐøóÇÈö Ýóåõæó ÃóÚúÙóãõ ÑöÏøóÉð ãöãøóäú áóãú íõÞöÑøó ÈöØóÇÚóÉö ÇáúÅöãóÇãö ãóÚó ÅöíãóÇäöåö ÈöÇáÑøóÓõæáö.
ÝóÈößõáøö ÍóÇáò áóÇ íõÐúßóÑõ ÐóäúÈñ áöãóäú ÞóÇÊóáóåõ Úóáöíøñ ÅöáøóÇ æóÐóäúÈõ ãóäú ÞóÇÊóáóåõ ÇáËøóáóÇËóÉõ ÃóÚúÙóãõ¡ æóáóÇ íõÐúßóÑõ ÝóÖúáñ æóáóÇ ËóæóÇÈñ áöãóäú ÞóÇÊóáó ãóÚó Úóáöíøò ÅöáøóÇ æóÇáúÝóÖúáõ æóÇáËøóæóÇÈõ áöãóäú ÞóÇÊóáó ãóÚó ÇáËøóáóÇËóÉö ÃóÚúÙóãõ.
åóÐóÇ ÈöÊóÞúÏöíÑö Ãóäú íóßõæäó ãóäú ÞóÇÊóáóåõ Úóáöíøñ ßóÇÝöÑðÇ¡ æóãóÚúáõæãñ Ãóäøó åóÐóÇ Þóæúáñ ÈóÇØöáñ áóÇ íóÞõæáõåõ ÅöáøóÇ ÍõËóÇáóÉõ ÇáÔøöíÚóÉö¡ æóÅöáøóÇ ÝóÚõÞóáóÇÄõåõãú áóÇ íóÞõæáõæäó Ðóáößó¡ æóÞóÏú Úõáöãó ÈöÇáÊøóæóÇÊõÑö Úóäú Úóáöíøò æóÃóåúáö ÈóíúÊöåö Ãóäøóåõãú áóãú íóßõæäõæÇ íõßóÝøöÑõæäó ãóäú ÞóÇÊóáó ÚóáöíøðÇ¡ æóåóÐóÇ ßõáøõåõ ÅöÐóÇ Óõáøöãó Ãóäøó Ðóáößó ÇáúÞöÊóÇáó ßóÇäó ãóÃúãõæÑðÇ Èöåö¡ ßóíúÝó æóÞóÏú ÚõÑöÝó äöÒóÇÚõ ÇáÕøóÍóÇÈóÉö æóÇáúÚõáóãóÇÁö ÈöÚúÏóåõãú Ýöí åóÐóÇ ÇáúÞöÊóÇáö åóáú ßóÇäó ãöäú ÈóÇÈö ÞöÊóÇáö ÇáúÈõÛóÇÉö ÇáøóÐöí æõÌöÏó Ýöí ÔóÑúØö æõÌõæÈöåö ÇáúÞöÊóÇáõ Ýöíåö (1) ¡ Ãóãú áóãú íóßõäú ãöäú Ðóáößó áöÇäúÊöÝóÇÁö ÇáÔøóÑúØö ÇáúãõæÌöÈö áöáúÞöÊóÇáö.
æóÇáøóÐöí Úóáóíúåö ÃóßóÇÈöÑõ ÇáÕøóÍóÇÈóÉö æóÇáÊøóÇÈöÚöíäó Ãóäøó ÞöÊóÇáó ÇáúÌóãóáö æóÕöÝøöíäó áóãú íóßõäú ãöäó ÇáúÞöÊóÇáö ÇáúãóÃúãõæÑö Èöåö æóÃóäøó ÊóÑúßóåõ ÃóÝúÖóáõ ãöäó ÇáÏøõÎõæáö Ýöíåö¡ Èóáú ÚóÏøõæåõ ÞöÊóÇáó ÝöÊúäóÉò.
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(1) ä: ÇáøóÐöí æõÌöÏó Ýöí ÔóÑúØö æõÌõæÈö ÇáúÞöÊóÇáö Ýöíåö¡ Ó¡ È: ÇáøóÐöí æõÌöÏó ÔóÑúØõ æõÌõæÈö ÇáúÞöÊóÇáö Ýöíåö. æóÇáúãõËúÈóÊõ ãöäú (ã) .(8/522)
æóÚóáóì åóÐóÇ ÌõãúåõæÑõ Ãóåúáö ÇáúÍóÏöíËö¡ æóÌõãúåõæÑõ ÃóÆöãøóÉö ÇáúÝõÞóåóÇÁö. ÝóãóÐúåóÈõ ÃóÈöí ÍóäöíÝóÉó ÝöíãóÇ ÐóßóÑóåõ (1) ÇáúÞõÏõæÑöíøõ (2) Ãóäøóåõ áóÇ íóÌõæÒõ ÞöÊóÇáõ ÇáúÈõÛóÇÉö ÅöáøóÇ Ãóäú íóÈúÏóÃõæÇ ÈöÇáúÞöÊóÇáö¡ æóÃóåúáõ ÕöÝøöíäó áóãú íóÈúÏóÃõæÇ ÚóáöíøðÇ ÈöÞöÊóÇáò.
æóßóÐóáößó ãóÐúåóÈõ ÃóÚúíóÇäö ÝõÞóåóÇÁö ÇáúãóÏöíäóÉö æóÇáÔøóÇãö æóÇáúÈóÕúÑóÉö¡ æóÃóÚúíóÇäö ÝõÞóåóÇÁö ÇáúÍóÏöíËö ßóãóÇáößò æóÃóíøõæÈó æóÇáúÃóæúÒóÇÚöíøö æóÃóÍúãóÏó æóÛóíúÑöåöãú: Ãóäøóåõ áóãú íóßõäú ãóÃúãõæÑðÇ Èöåö æóÃóäøó ÊóÑúßóåõ ßóÇäó ÎóíúÑðÇ ãöäú ÝöÚúáöåö¡ æóåõæó Þóæúáõ ÌõãúåõæÑö ÃóÆöãøóÉö ÇáÓøõäøóÉö¡ ßóãóÇ ÏóáøóÊú Úóáóì Ðóáößó ÇáúÃóÍóÇÏöíËõ ÇáÕøóÍöíÍóÉõ ÇáÕøóÑöíÍóÉõ Ýöí åóÐóÇ ÇáúÈóÇÈö ÈöÎöáóÇÝö ÞöÊóÇáö ÇáúÍóÑõæÑöíøóÉö æóÇáúÎóæóÇÑöÌö Ãóåöáö ÇáäøóåúÑóæóÇäö¡ ÝóÅöäøó ÞöÊóÇáó åóÄõáóÇÁö æóÇÌöÈñ ÈöÇáÓøõäøóÉö ÇáúãõÓúÊóÝöíÖóÉö Úóäö ÇáäøóÈöíøö Õóáøóì Çááøóåõ Úóáóíúåö æóÓóáøóãó æóÈöÇÊøöÝóÇÞö ÇáÕøóÍóÇÈóÉö æóÚõáóãóÇÁö ÇáÓøõäøóÉö.
ÝóÝöí ÇáÕøóÍöíÍóíúäö Úóäú ÃõÓóÇãóÉó Èúäö ÒóíúÏò ÞóÇáó «ÃóÔúÑóÝó ÇáäøóÈöíøõ Õóáøóì Çááøóåõ Úóáóíúåö æóÓóáøóãó Úóáóì ÃõØõãò ãöäú ÂØóÇãö ÇáúãóÏöíäóÉö¡ æóÞóÇáó: " åóáú ÊóÑóæúäó ãóÇ ÃóÑóì¿ "¡ ÞóÇáõæÇ áóÇ¡ ÞóÇáó: " ÝóÅöäøöí ÃóÑóì (3) ãóæóÇÞöÚó ÇáúÝöÊóäö ÎöáóÇáó ÈõíõæÊößõãú ßóãóæóÇÞöÚö ÇáúÞóØúÑö» " (4) .
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(1) Ó¡ È: íóÐúßõÑõåõ
(2) åõæó ÃóÈõæ ÇáúÍóÓóäö ÃóÍúãóÏõ Èúäõ ãõÍóãøóÏö Èúäö ÃóÍúãóÏó Èúäö ÌóÚúÝóÑò ÇáúÞõÏõæÑöíøõ¡ æõáöÏó ÓóäóÉó 362 æóÊõæõÝøöíó ÓóäóÉó 428 ÈöÈóÛúÏóÇÏó¡ ãöäú ÃóÆöãøóÉö ÝõÞóåóÇÁö ÇáúÍóäóÝöíøóÉö¡ æóßóÇäó ÚóÇáöãðÇ ÈöÇáúÍóÏöíËö¡ Ñóæóì Úóäúåõ ÇáúÎóØöíÈõ ÇáúÈóÛúÏóÇÏöíøõ¡ æóãöäú ãõÕóäøóÝóÇÊöåö ÇáúãõÎúÊóÕóÑõ ÇáúãóÚúÑõæÝõ ÈöÇÓúãöåö " ÇáúÞõÏõæÑöíøõ " Ýöí ÝöÞúåö ÇáúÍóäóÝöíøóÉö¡ æóåõæó ãóØúÈõæÚñ ÇäúÙõÑú ÊóÑúÌóãóÊóåõ Ýöí: ÇáúÌóæóÇåöÑö ÇáúãõÖöíøóÉö 1/93 - 94¡ ÊóÇÌö ÇáÊøóÑóÇÌöãö áöÇÈúäö ÞóØúáõæÈõÛóÇ (Ø. ÇáúãõËóäøóì¡ ÈóÛúÏóÇÏó¡ 1962) Õ¡ ÊóÇÑöíÎö ÈóÛúÏóÇÏó 4/377¡ æóÝóíóÇÊö ÇáúÃóÚúíóÇäö 1/60 - 61¡ ÇáúÃóÚúáóÇãö 1/206¡ ÓöÒúßöíäó ã [0 - 9] ¡ Ì [0 - 9] ¡ Õ 115 - 124.
(3) ä: áóÃóÑóì.
(4) ÓóÈóÞó åóÐóÇ ÇáúÍóÏöíËõ ÝöíãóÇ ãóÖóì 4/451.(8/523)
(* æóÝöí ÇáÓøõäóäö Úóäú ÚóÈúÏö Çááøóåö Èúäö ÚóãúÑöæ Èúäö ÇáúÚóÇÕö Ãóäøóåõ ÞóÇáó: ÞóÇáó ÑóÓõæáõ Çááøóåö Õóáøóì Çááøóåõ Úóáóíúåö æóÓóáøóãó: " «ÅöäøóåóÇ ÓóÊóßõæäõ ÝöÊúäóÉñ ÊóÓúÊóäúÙöÝõ ÇáúÚóÑóÈó¡ ÞóÊúáóÇåóÇ Ýöí ÇáäøóÇÑö¡ ÇááøöÓóÇäõ ÝöíåóÇ ÃóÔóÏøõ ãöäú æóÞúÚö ÇáÓøóíúÝö» *) (1) " (2) .
æóÝöí ÇáÓøõäóäö Úóäú ÃóÈöí åõÑóíúÑóÉó Ãóäøó ÇáäøóÈöíøó Õóáøóì Çááøóåõ Úóáóíúåö æóÓóáøóãó ÞóÇáó: " «ÓóÊóßõæäõ ÝöÊúäóÉñ ÕóãøóÇÁõ ÈóßúãóÇÁõ ÚóãúíóÇÁõ ãóäú ÃóÔúÑóÝó áóåóÇ ÇÓúÊóÔúÑóÝóÊú áóåõ¡ æóÇÓúÊöÔúÑóÇÝõ ÇááøöÓóÇäö ÝöíåóÇ ßóæõÞõæÚö ÇáÓøóíúÝö» " (3) .
æóÚóäú Ãõãøö ÓóáóãóÉó ÞóÇáóÊú: «ÇÓúÊóíúÞóÙó ÇáäøóÈöíøõ Õóáøóì Çááøóåõ Úóáóíúåö æóÓóáøóãó ÐóÇÊó áóíúáóÉò¡ ÝóÞóÇáó: " ÓõÈúÍóÇäó Çááøóåö ãóÇÐóÇ ÃõäúÒöáó ãöäó ÇáúÎóÒóÇÆöäö æóãóÇÐóÇ ÃõäúÒöáó ãöäó ÇáúÝöÊóäö» " (4) .
æóÝöí ÇáÕøóÍöíÍóíúäö Úóäú ÃóÈöí åõÑóíúÑóÉó ÞóÇáó: «ÞóÇáó ÑóÓõæáõ Çááøóåö Õóáøóì Çááøóåõ Úóáóíúåö
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(1) ãóÇ Èóíúäó ÇáäøóÌúãóÊóíúäö ÓóÇÞöØñ ãöäú (ã)
(2) ÇáúÍóÏöíËõ Úóäú ÚóÈúÏö Çááøóåö Èúäö ÚóãúÑöæ Èúäö ÇáúÚóÇÕö ÑóÖöíó Çááøóåõ ÚóäúåõãóÇ Ýöí Óõäóäö ÃóÈöí ÏóÇæõÏó 4/144 (ßöÊóÇÈõ ÇáúÝöÊóäö æóÇáúãóáóÇÍöãö¡ ÈóÇÈñ Ýöí ßóÝøö ÇááøöÓóÇäö) ¡ Óõäóäö ÇáÊøöÑúãöÐöíøö 3/320 (ßöÊóÇÈõ ÇáúÝöÊóäö¡ ÈóÇÈõ ãóÇ ÌóÇÁó Ýöí ÇáÑøóÌõáö íóßõæäõ Ýöí ÇáúÝöÊúäóÉö) æóÞóÇáó ÇáÊøöÑúãöÐöíøõ " åóÐóÇ ÍóÏöíËñ ÛóÑöíÈñ " Óóäóäõ ÇÈúäõ ãóÇÌóåú 2/1312 (ßöÊóÇÈõ ÇáúÝöÊóäö¡ ÈóÇÈõ ßóÝøö ÇááøöÓóÇäö Ýöí ÇáúÝöÊúäóÉö) ÇáúãõÓúäóÏö (Ø. ÇáúãóÚóÇÑöÝö) 11/189 - 192 (ÍóÏöíËñ ÑóÞúãõ 6980) æóÞóÇáó ÇáÔøóíúÎõ ÃóÍúãóÏ ÔóÇßöÑ ÑóÍöãóåõ Çááøóåõ Ýöí ÊóÚúáöíÞöåö. " ÅöÓúäóÇÏõåõ ÕóÍöíÍñ. . æóÞóæúáõåõ " ÊóÓúÊóäúÙöÝõ ÇáúÚóÑóÈó " ÈöÇáÙøóÇÁö ÇáúãõÚúÌóãóÉö æóÞóÇáó ÇÈúäõ ÇáúÃóËöíÑö: Ãóíú ÊóÓúÊóæúÚöÈõåõãú åóáóÇßðÇ¡ íõÞóÇáõ ÇÓúÊóäúÙóÝúÊõ ÇáÔøóíúÁó¡ ÅöÐóÇ ÃóÎóÐúÊóåõ ßõáøóåõ¡ æóÞóÇáó ÇáúÚóáøóÇãóÉõ Úóáöíøñ ÇáúÞóÇÑöí. . . æóÞöíáó: Ãóíú ÊõØóåøöÑõåõãú ãöäó ÇáúÃóÑúÐóÇáö æóÃóåúáö ÇáúÝöÊóäö ".
(3) ÇáúÍóÏöíËõ Úóäú ÃóÈöí åõÑóíúÑóÉó ÑóÖöíó Çááøóåõ Úóäúåõ Ýöí: Óõäóäö ÃóÈöí ÏóÇæõÏó 4/143 (ßöÊóÇÈõ ÇáúÝöÊóäö æóÇáúãóáóÇÍöãö¡ ÈóÇÈñ Ýöí ßóÝøö ÇááøöÓóÇäö) æóÐóßóÑó ÇáúãõÍóÞøöÞõ ÑóÍöãóåõ Çááøóåõ Ýöí ÊóÚúáöíÞöåö Ãóäøó Ýöí ÇáÓøóäóÏö: " ÚóÈúÏó ÇáÑøóÍúãóäö Èúäó ÇáúÈóíúáóãóÇäöíøö áóÇ íõÍúÊóÌøõ ÈöÍóÏöíËöåö¡ ÞóÇáóåõ ÇáúãõäúÐöÑöíøõ ".
(4) ÇáúÍóÏöíËó - ãóÚó ÇÎúÊöáóÇÝò Ýöí ÇáúÃóáúÝóÇÙö - Úóäú Ãõãøö ÓóáóãóÉó ÑóÖöíó Çááøóåõ ÚóäúåóÇ Ýöí: ÇáúÈõÎóÇÑöíøö 1/34 (ßöÊóÇÈõ ÇáúÚöáúãö¡ ÈóÇÈõ ÇáúÚöáúãö æóÇáúÚöÙóÉö ÈöÇááøóíúáö) ¡ Óõäóäö ÇáÊøöÑúãöÐöíøö 3/330 (ßöÊóÇÈõ ÇáúÝöÊóäö¡ ÈóÇÈõ ãóÇ ÌóÇÁó ÓóÊóßõæäõ ÝöÊóäñ ßóÞöØóÚö Çááøóíúáö ÇáúãõÙúáöãö) ÇáúãõÓúäóÏö (Ø. ÇáúÍóáóÈöíøö) 5/289.(8/524)
æóÓóáøóãó: " ÓóÊóßõæäõ ÝöÊúäóÉñ (1) ÇáúÞóÇÚöÏõ ÝöíåóÇ ÎóíúÑñ ãöäó ÇáúÞóÇÆöãö¡ æóÇáúÞóÇÆöãõ ÝöíåóÇ ÎóíúÑñ ãöäó ÇáúãóÇÔöí æóÇáúãóÇÔöí ÝöíåóÇ ÎóíúÑñ ãöäó ÇáÓøóÇÚöí¡ æóãóäú íóÓúÊóÔúÑöÝú áóåóÇ ÊóÓúÊóÔúÑöÝú áóåõ æóãóäú æóÌóÏó ÝöíåóÇ ãóáúÌóÃð ÝóáúíóÚõÐú Èöåö» " (2) .
æóÑóæóÇåõ ÃóÈõæ ÈóßúÑóÉó (3) Ýöí ÇáÕøóÍöíÍóíúäö æóÞóÇáó Ýöíåö: " «ÝóÅöÐóÇ äóÒóáóÊú¡ Ãóæú æóÞóÚóÊú Ýóãóäú ßóÇäó áóåõ ÅöÈöáñ ÝóáúíóáúÍóÞú ÈöÅöÈöáöåö¡ æóãóäú ßóÇäóÊú áóåõ Ûóäóãñ ÝóáúíóáúÍóÞú ÈöÛóäóãöåö¡ æóãóäú ßóÇäóÊú áóåõ ÃóÑúÖñ ÝóáúíóáúÍóÞú ÈöÃóÑúÖöåö " ÞóÇáó: ÝóÞóÇáó ÑóÌõáñ: íóÇ ÑóÓõæáó Çááøóåö ÃóÑóÃóíúÊó ãóäú áóãú íóßõäú áóåõ ÅöÈöáñ æóáóÇ Ûóäóãñ æóáóÇ ÃóÑúÖñ¿ ÞóÇáó: " íóÚúãóÏõ Åöáóì ÓóíúÝöåö ÝóíóÏõÞøõ Úóáóì ÍóÏøöåö ÈöÍóÌóÑò¡ Ëõãøó áúíóäúÌõ Åöäö ÇÓúÊóØóÇÚó ÇáäøóÌóÇÁó¡ Çááøóåõãøó åóáú ÈóáøóÛúÊõ¿ Çááøóåõãøó åóáú ÈóáøóÛúÊõ¿ " ÝóÞóÇáó ÑóÌõáñ: íóÇ ÑóÓõæáó Çááøóåö ÃóÑóÃóíúÊó Åöäú ÃõßúÑöåúÊõ ÍóÊøóì íõäúØóáóÞó Èöí Åöáóì ÃóÍóÏö ÇáÕøóÝøóíúäö¡ Ãóæú ÅöÍúÏóì ÇáúÝöÆóÊóíúäö ÝóÖóÑóÈóäöí ÑóÌõáñ ÈöÓóíúÝöåö¡ Ãóæú íóÌöíÁõ Óóåúãñ (4) ÝóíóÞúÊõáõäöí¿ ÝóÞóÇáó: " íóÈõæÁõ (5) ÈöÅöËúãöåö æóÅöËúãößó¡ æóíóßõæäõ (6) ãöäú ÃóÕúÍóÇÈö ÇáäøóÇÑö» " (7) .
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(2) ÓóÈóÞó åóÐóÇ ÇáúÍóÏöíËõ ÝöíãóÇ ãóÖóì 1/539
(3) ä¡ Ó: ÃóÈõæ ÈóßúÑò¡ æóåõæó ÎóØóÃñ
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(5) ä¡ Ó: ÊóÈõæÁõ¡ æóåõæó ÎóØóÃñ.
(6) ä¡ Ó: ÝóÊóßõæäõ¡ ã: Ýóíóßõæäõ
(7) ÇáúÍóÏöíËõ ÈöÃóáúÝóÇÙò ãõÞóÇÑöÈóÉò Úóäú ãõÓúáöãö Èúäö ÃóÈöí ÈóßúÑóÉó ÑóÖöíó Çááøóåõ Úóäúåõ Ýöí: ãõÓúáöãò 4/2212 - 2213 (ßöÊóÇÈõ ÇáúÝöÊóäö¡ ÈóÇÈõ äõÒõæáö ÇáúÝöÊóäö ßóãóæóÇÞöÚö ÇáúÞóØúÑö) .(8/525)
æóÛóíúÑöåöãú (1) ¡ ÌóÚóáõæÇ ÞöÊóÇáó ÇáúÌóãóáö æóÕöÝøöíäó ãöäú Ðóáößó¡ Èóáú ÌóÚóáõæÇ Ðóáößó Ãóæøóáó ÞöÊóÇáö ÝöÊúäóÉò ßóÇäó Ýöí ÇáúÅöÓúáóÇãö æóÞóÚóÏõæÇ Úóäö ÇáúÞöÊóÇáö¡ æóÃóãóÑõæÇ ÛóíúÑóåõãú ÈöÇáúÞõÚõæÏö Úóäö ÇáúÞöÊóÇáö ßóãóÇ ÇÓúÊóÝóÇÖóÊú ÈöÐóáößó ÇáúÂËóÇÑõ Úóäúåõãú.
æóÇáøóÐöíäó ÞóÇÊóáõæÇ ãöäó ÇáÕøóÍóÇÈóÉö áóãú íóÃúÊö ÃóÍóÏñ ãöäúåõãú ÈöÍõÌøóÉò ÊõæÌöÈõ ÇáúÞöÊóÇáó áóÇ ãöäú ßöÊóÇÈò æóáóÇ ãöäú ÓóäóÉò¡ Èóáú ÃóÞóÑøõæÇ ÈöÃóäøó (2) ÞöÊóÇáóåõãú ßóÇäó ÑóÃúíðÇ ÑóÃóæúåõ¡ ßóãóÇ ÃóÎúÈóÑó ÈöÐóáößó Úóáöíøñ ÑóÖöíó Çááøóåõ Úóäúåõ Úóäú äóÝúÓöåö¡ æóáóãú íóßõäú Ýöí ÇáúÚóÓúßóÑóíúäö (3) ÃóÝúÖóáõ ãöäú Úóáöíøò¡ Ýóíóßõæäõ ãöãøóäú åõæó Ïõæäóåõ [Ãóæúáóì] (4) ¡ æóßóÇäó Úóáöíøñ ÃóÍúíóÇäðÇ íõÙúåöÑõ Ýöíåö ÇáäøóÏóãó æóÇáúßóÑóÇåóÉó áöáúÞöÊóÇáö ãöãøóÇ íõÈóíøöäõ Ãóäøóåõ áóæú áóãú íóßõäú ÚöäúÏóåõ Ýöíåö ÔóíúÁñ (5) ãöäó ÇáúÃóÏöáøóÉö ÇáÔøóÑúÚöíøóÉö¡ ãöãøóÇ (6) íõæÌöÈõ ÑöÖóÇåõ æóÝóÑóÍóåõ¡ ÈöÎöáóÇÝö ÞöÊóÇáöåö áöáúÎóæóÇÑöÌö¡ ÝóÅöäøóåõ ßóÇäó
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(2) Ó¡ È: Ãóäøó
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(5) ÔóíúÁñ: ÓóÇÞöØóÉñ ãöäú (È) ÝóÞóØú.
(6) ãöãøóÇ: Ýöí ÌóãöíÚö ÇáäøõÓóÎö " ãóÇ " æóáóÚóáøó ÇáÕøóæóÇÈó ãóÇ ÃóËúÈóÊøõåõ¡ æóÈöåö ÊóÓúÊóÞöíãõ ÇáúÚöÈóÇÑóÉõ.(8/526)
íõÙúåöÑõ Ýöíåö ãöäó ÇáúÝóÑóÍö æóÇáÑøöÖóÇ æóÇáÓøõÑõæÑö ãóÇ íõÈóíøöäõ Ãóäøóåõ ßóÇäó íóÚúáóãõ Ãóäøó ÞöÊóÇáóåõãú ßóÇäó ØóÇÚóÉð áöáøóåö æóÑóÓõæáöåö íóÊóÞóÑøóÈõ (1) Èöåö Åöáóì Çááøóåö¡ áöÃóäøó Ýöí ÞöÊóÇáö ÇáúÎóæóÇÑöÌö ãöäó ÇáäøõÕõæÕö ÇáäøóÈóæöíøóÉö æóÇáúÃóÏöáøóÉö ÇáÔøóÑúÚöíøóÉö ãóÇ íõæÌöÈõ Ðóáößó.
ÝóÝöí ÇáÕøóÍöíÍóíúäö Úóäú ÃóÈöí ÓóÚöíÏò Úóäö ÇáäøóÈöíøö Õóáøóì Çááøóåõ Úóáóíúåö æóÓóáøóãó ÞóÇáó: " «ÊóãúÑõÞõ ãóÇÑöÞóÉñ Úóáóì Íöíäö ÝõÑúÞóÉò (2) ãöäó ÇáúãõÓúáöãöíäó ÊóÞúÊõáõåõãú Ãóæúáóì ÇáØøóÇÆöÝóÊóíúäö ÈöÇáúÍóÞøö» . (3)
æóÝöí áóÝúÙö ãõÓúáöãò ÞóÇáó: " «ÐóßóÑó ÞóæúãðÇ íóÎúÑõÌõæäó Ýöí ÃõãøóÊöåö íóÞúÊõáõåõãú ÃóÏúäóì ÇáØøóÇÆöÝóÊóíúäö Åöáóì ÇáúÍóÞøö (4) ÓöíãóÇåõãõ ÇáÊøóÍúáöíÞõ åõãú ÔóÑøõ ÇáúÎóáúÞö¡ Ãóæú ãöäú ÔóÑøö ÇáúÎóáúÞö " ÞóÇáó ÃóÈõæ ÓóÚöíÏò (5) : " ÝóÃóäúÊõãú ÞóÊóáúÊõãõæåõãú íóÇ Ãóåúáó ÇáúÚöÑóÇÞö» ".
æóáóÝúÙõ ÇáúÈõÎóÇÑöíøö (6) : " «íóÎúÑõÌõ äóÇÓñ ãöäú ÞöÈóáö ÇáúãóÔúÑöÞö íóÞúÑóÁõæäó ÇáúÞõÑúÂäó áóÇ íõÌóÇæöÒõ ÊóÑóÇÞöíóåõãú íóãúÑõÞõæäó ãöäó ÇáúÅöÓúáóÇãö (7) ßóãóÇ íóãúÑõÞõ ÇáÓøóåúãõ ãöäó ÇáÑøóãöíøóÉö¡ áóÇ
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(1) ã: æóíóÊóÞóÑøóÈõ. . .
(2) ä: Úóäú Íöíäö ÝõÑúÞóÉò¡ Ó: Úóäú ÎóíúÑö ÝöÑúÞóÉò¡ ã¡ È: Úóáóì ÎóíúÑö ÝöÑúÞóÉò¡ æóÃóÑúÌõæ Ãóäú íóßõæäó ÇáÕøóæóÇÈõ ãóÇ ÃóËúÈóÊøõåõ.
(3) ÓóÈóÞó åóÐóÇ ÇáúÍóÏöíËõ ÝöíãóÇ ãóÖóì 1/306 æóÝöí ÇáúÌõÒúÁö ÇáÑøóÇÈöÚö Ýöí ÃóßúËóÑó ãöäú ãóæúÖöÚò.
(4) ã: Ãóæúáóì ÇáØøóÇÆöÝóÊóíúäö ÈöÇáúÍóÞøö. æóÝöí ãõÓúáöãò 2/745 (ßöÊóÇÈõ ÇáÒøóßóÇÉö¡ ÈóÇÈõ ÐößúÑö ÇáúÎóæóÇÑöÌö æóÕöÝóÇÊöåöãú) : Úóäú ÃóÈöí ÓóÚöíÏò Ãóäøó ÇáäøóÈöíøó Õóáøóì Çááøóåõ Úóáóíúåö æóÓóáøóãó ÐóßóÑó ÞóæúãðÇ íóßõæäõæäó Ýöí ÃõãøóÊöåö¡ íóÎúÑõÌõæäó Ýöí ÝõÑúÞóÉò ãöäó ÇáäøóÇÓö¡ ÓöíãóÇåõãõ ÇáÊøóÍóÇáõÞõ (æóÝöí ÑöæóÇíóÉò ÃõÎúÑóì ÇáÊøóÍóáøõÞõ) æóÞóÇáó: " åõãú ÔóÑøõ ÇáúÎóáúÞö (Ãóæú ãöäú ÃóÔóÑøö ÇáúÎóáúÞö) íóÞúÊõáõåõãú ÃóÏúäóì ÇáØøóÇÆöÝóÊóíúäö Åöáóì ÇáúÍóÞøö " æóÓöíãóÇåõãõ ÇáÊøóÍúáöíÞõ: Ãóíú ÚóáóÇãóÊõåõãú ÍóáúÞõ ÇáÑøõÁõæÓö.
(5) Ýöí ÂÎöÑö ÇáúÍóÏöíËö ÇáÓøóÇÈöÞö Ýöí ãõÓúáöãò (ÑóÞúãõ 149) .
(6) ÇáúÈõÎóÇÑöíøõ 9/161 (ßöÊóÇÈõ ÇáÊøóæúÍöíÏö¡ ÈóÇÈõ ÞöÑóÇÁóÉö ÇáúÝóÇÌöÑö æóÇáúãõäóÇÝöÞö) . æóåõæó Ýöí ÇáúãõÓúäóÏö (Ø. ÇáúÍóáóÈöíøö) . 3/64.
(7) ÇáúÈõÎóÇÑöíøö¡ ÇáúãõÓúäóÏö: ãöäó ÇáÏøöíäö.(8/527)
íóÚõæÏõæäó Ýöíåö ÍóÊøóì íóÚõæÏó ÇáÓøóåúãõ» " (1) .
æóÝöí ÇáÕøóÍöíÍóíúäö Úóäú Úóáöíøò ÞóÇáó: ÓóãöÚúÊõ ÇáäøóÈöíøó Õóáøóì Çááøóåõ Úóáóíúåö æóÓóáøóãó íóÞõæáõ: " «íóÎúÑõÌõ Þóæúãñ ãöäú ÃõãøóÊöí íóÞúÑóÁõæäó ÇáúÞõÑúÂäó áóíúÓó Ýöí ÞöÑóÇÁóÊößõãú Åöáóì ÞöÑóÇÁóÊöåöãú ÈöÔóíúÁò¡ æóáóÇ ÕóáóÇÊõßõãú Åöáóì ÕóáóÇÊöåöãú ÈöÔóíúÁò¡ æóáóÇ ÕöíóÇãõßõãú Åöáóì ÕöíóÇãöåöãú ÈöÔóíúÁò íóÞúÑóÁõæäó ÇáúÞõÑúÂäó íóÍúÓóÈõæäó Ãóäøóåõ áóåõãú æóåõæó Úóáóíúåöãú áóÇ ÊõÌóÇæöÒõ ÕóáóÇÊõåõãú ÊóÑóÇÞöíóåõãú (2) íóãúÑõÞõæäó ãöäó ÇáúÅöÓúáóÇãö ßóãóÇ íóãúÑõÞõ ÇáÓøóåúãõ ãöäó ÇáÑøóãöíøóÉö¡ áóæú íóÚúáóãõ ÇáúÌóíúÔõ ÇáøóÐöíäó íõÕöíÈõæäóåõãú ãóÇ ÞõÖöíó áóåõãú Úóáóì áöÓóÇäö äóÈöíøöåöãú áóäóßóáõæÇ (3) Úóäö ÇáúÚóãóáö ÂíóÊõåõãú Ãóäøó Ýöíåöãú ÑóÌõáðÇ áóåõ ÚóÖõÏñ¡ áóíúÓó ÝöíåóÇ ÐöÑóÇÚñ Úóáóì ÑóÃúÓöåö ÚóÖõÏöåö ãöËúáõ ÍóáóãóÉö ÇáËøóÏúíö Úóáóíúåö ÔóÚóÑóÇÊñ ÈöíÖñ» " (4) .
ÇáúæóÌúåõ ÇáÑøóÇÈöÚõ: Ãóäøó ÇáúÂíóÉó áóÇ ÊóÊóäóÇæóáõ ÇáúÞöÊóÇáó ãóÚó Úóáöíøò ÞóØúÚðÇ ; áöÃóäøóåõ ÞóÇáó: {ÊõÞóÇÊöáõæäóåõãú Ãóæú íõÓúáöãõæäó} [ÓõæÑóÉõ ÇáúÝóÊúÍö: 16] ÝóæóÕóÝóåõãú ÈöÃóäøóåõãú áóÇ ÈõÏøó Ýöíåöãú ãöäú ÃóÍóÏö ÇáúÃóãúÑóíúäö (5) : ÇáúãõÞóÇÊóáóÉõ Ãóæö ÇáúÅöÓúáóÇãõ¡ æóãóÚúáõæãñ Ãóäøó ÇáøóÐöíäó ÏóÚóÇ Åöáóíúåöãú Úóáöíøñ
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(1) ÇáúÈõÎóÇÑöíøö¡ ÇáúãõÓúäóÏö: Ëõãøó áóÇ íóÚõæÏõæäó Ýöíåö ÍóÊøóì íóÚõæÏó ÇáÓøóåúãõ Åöáóì (ÇáúãõÓúäóÏö: Úóáóì) ÝõæÞöåö: Þöíáó: ãóÇ ÓöíãóÇåõãú¿ . ÞóÇáó ÓöíãóÇåõãõ ÇáÊøóÍúáöíÞõ¡ Ãóæú ÞóÇáó: ÇáÊøóÓúÈöíÏõ (ÇáúãõÓúäóÏö: æóÇáÊøóÓúÈöíÈõ) .
(2) È (ÝóÞóØú) : áóÇ íõÌóÇæöÒõ ÊóÑóÇÞöíóåõãú¡ Ó: áóÇ íõÌóÇæöÒõ ÕóáóæóÇÊõåõãú ÊóÑóÇÞöíóåõãú. æóÇáúãõËúÈóÊõ åõæó ÇáøóÐöí Ýöí " ãõÓúáöãò ".
(3) áóäóßóáõæÇ: ßóÐóÇ Ýöí ÌóãöíÚö ÇáäøõÓóÎö¡ æóÝöí Óõäóäö ÃóÈöí ÏóÇæõÏó. æóÝöí ãõÓúáöãò: áóÇÊøóßóáõæÇ.
(4) áóãú ÃóÌöÏö ÇáúÍóÏöíËó Ýöí ÇáúÈõÎóÇÑöíøö. æóåõæó - ÈöÃóáúÝóÇÙò ãõÞóÇÑöÈóÉò - Úóäú Úóáöíøö Èúäö ÃóÈöí ØóÇáöÈò ÑóÖöíó Çááøóåõ Úóäúåõ. Ýöí: ãõÓúáöãò 2/748 (ßöÊóÇÈõ ÇáÒøóßóÇÉö¡ ÈóÇÈõ ÇáÊøóÍúÑöíÖö Úóáóì ÞóÊúáö ÇáúÎóæóÇÑöÌö) ¡ Óõäóäö ÃóÈöí ÏóÇæõÏó 4/336 - 337 (ßöÊóÇÈõ ÇáÓøõäøóÉö¡ ÈóÇÈñ Ýöí ÞöÊóÇáö ÇáúÎóæóÇÑöÌö) ¡ ÇáúãõÓúäóÏö (Ø. ÇáúãóÚóÇÑöÝö) 2/89 - 90 (ÍóÏöíËñ ÑóÞúãõ 706) .
(5) ä¡ ã: ÃóãúÑóíúäö.(8/528)
Ýöíåöãú ÎóáúÞñ áóãú íõÞóÇÊöáõæåõ ÃóáúÈóÊøóÉó¡ Èóáú ÊóÑóßõæÇ ÞöÊóÇáóåõ Ýóáóãú íõÞóÇÊöáõæåõ æóáóãú íõÞóÇÊöáõæÇ ãóÚóåõ¡ ÝóßóÇäõæÇ ÕöäúÝðÇ ËóÇáöËðÇ: áóÇ ÞóÇÊóáõæåõ (1) æóáóÇ ÞóÇÊóáõæÇ ãóÚóåõ æóáóÇ ÃóØóÇÚõæåõ¡ æóßõáøõåõãú ãõÓúáöãõæäó¡ æóÞóÏú Ïóáøó Úóáóì ÅöÓúáóÇãöåöãõ ÇáúÞõÑúÂäõ æóÇáÓøóäóÉõ æóÅöÌúãóÇÚõ ÇáÕøóÍóÇÈóÉö Úóáöíøò æóÛóíúÑöåö.
ÞóÇáó ÊóÚóÇáóì: {æóÅöäú ØóÇÆöÝóÊóÇäö ãöäó ÇáúãõÄúãöäöíäó ÇÞúÊóÊóáõæÇ ÝóÃóÕúáöÍõæÇ ÈóíúäóåõãóÇ ÝóÅöäú ÈóÛóÊú ÅöÍúÏóÇåõãóÇ Úóáóì ÇáúÃõÎúÑóì ÝóÞóÇÊöáõæÇ ÇáøóÊöí ÊóÈúÛöí ÍóÊøóì ÊóÝöíÁó Åöáóì ÃóãúÑö Çááøóåö ÝóÅöäú ÝóÇÁóÊú ÝóÃóÕúáöÍõæÇ ÈóíúäóåõãóÇ ÈöÇáúÚóÏúáö æóÃóÞúÓöØõæÇ Åöäøó Çááøóåó íõÍöÈøõ ÇáúãõÞúÓöØöíäó} [ÓõæÑóÉõ ÇáúÍõÌõÑóÇÊö: 9] ¡ ÝóæóÕóÝóåõãú ÈöÇáúÅöíãóÇäö ãóÚó ÇáöÇÞúÊöÊóÇáö æóÇáúÈóÛúíö¡ æóÃóÎúÈóÑó Ãóäøóåõãú ÅöÎúæóÉñ (2) æóÃóäøó ÇáúÃõÎõæøóÉó áóÇ Êóßõæäõ ÅöáøóÇ Èóíúäó ÇáúãõÄúãöäöíäó áóÇ Èóíúäó ãõÄúãöäò æóßóÇÝöÑò.
æóÝöí ÕóÍöíÍö ÇáúÈõÎóÇÑöíøö æóÛóíúÑöåö Úóäú ÃóÈöí ÈóßúÑóÉó Ãóäøó ÇáäøóÈöíøó Õóáøóì Çááøóåõ Úóáóíúåö æóÓóáøóãó ÞóÇáó áöáúÍóÓóäö: " «Åöäøó ÇÈúäöí åóÐóÇ ÓóíøöÏñ¡ æóÓóíõÕúáöÍõ Çááøóåõ Èöåö Èóíúäó ÝöÆóÊóíúäö ÚóÙöíãóÊóíúäö ãöäó ÇáúãõÓúáöãöíäó» " (3) ÝóÃóÕúáóÍó Çááøóåõ Èöåö Èóíúäó ÚóÓúßóÑö Úóáöíøò æóÚóÓúßóÑö ãõÚóÇæöíóÉó¡ ÝóÏóáøó Úóáóì Ãóäøó ßöáóíúåöãóÇ ãõÓúáöãõæäó æóÏóáøó Úóáóì Ãóäøó Çááøóåó íõÍöÈøõ ÇáúÅöÕúáóÇÍó ÈóíúäóåõãóÇ¡ æóíõËúäöí Úóáóì (4) ãóäú ÝóÚóáó Ðóáößó¡ æóÏóáøó Úóáóì Ãóäøó ãóÇ ÝóÚóáóåõ ÇáúÍóÓóäõ ßóÇäó ÑöÖðì áöáøóåö æóÑóÓõæáöåö (5) ¡ æóáóæú ßóÇäó ÇáúÞöÊóÇáõ æóÇÌöÈðÇ Ãóæú ãõÓúÊóÍóÈøðÇ áóãú íóßõäú ÊóÑúßõåõ ÑöÖðì áöáøóåö æóáöÑóÓõæáöåö.
æóÃóíúÖðÇ ÝóÇáäøóÞúáõ ÇáúãõÊóæóÇÊöÑõ Úóäö ÇáÕøóÍóÇÈóÉö Ãóäøóåõãú ÍóßóãõæÇ Ýöí ÇáØøóÇÆöÝóÊóíúäö
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(1) ä¡ ã: áóÇ ÞóÇÊóáõæÇ.
(2) ä¡ Ó: æóÃóÎúÈóÑóåõãú Ãóäøóåõãú ÅöÎúæóÉñ.
(3) ÓóÈóÞó åóÐóÇ ÇáúÍóÏöíËõ ÝöíãóÇ ãóÖóì 1/539 - 540.
(4) Ó: æóÈóíúäó Úóáöíøò¡ È. æóÃóËúäóì Úóáóì.
(5) ä¡ Ó: ÑöÖóÇ Çááøóåö æóÑóÓõæáöåö.(8/529)
ÈöÍõßúãö ÇáúÅöÓúáóÇãö æóæóÑöËõæÇ ÈóÚúÖóåõãú ãöäú ÈóÚúÖò¡ æóáóãú íóÓúÈõæÇ ÐóÑóÇÑöíøöåöãú¡ æóáóãú íóÛúäóãõæÇ ÃóãúæóÇáóåõãõ ÇáøóÊöí áóãú íóÍúÖõÑõæÇ ÈöåóÇ ÇáúÞöÊóÇáó¡ Èóáú ßóÇäó íõÕóáøöí ÈóÚúÖõåõãú Úóáóì ÈóÚúÖò æóÎóáúÝó ÈóÚúÖò.
æóåóÐóÇ ÃóÍóÏõ ãóÇ äóÞöãóÊúåõ ÇáúÎóæóÇÑöÌõ Úóáóì Úóáöíøò¡ ÝóÅöäøó ãõäóÇÏöíóåö äóÇÏóì íóæúãó ÇáúÌóãóáö: áóÇ íõÊúÈóÚõ ãõÏúÈöÑñ æóáóÇ íõÌúåóÒõ Úóáóì ÌóÑöíÍò¡ æóáóãú íóÛúäóãú ÃóãúæóÇáóåõãú¡ æóáóÇ ÓóÈóì (1) ÐóÑóÇÑöíøóåõãú æóÃóÑúÓóáó ÇÈúäõ ÚóÈøóÇÓò Åöáóì ÇáúÎóæóÇÑöÌö¡ æóäóÇÙóÑóåõãú Ýöí Ðóáößó.
ÝóÑóæóì ÃóÈõæ äõÚóíúãò ÈöÇáúÅöÓúäóÇÏö ÇáÕøóÍöíÍö (2) Úóäú ÓõáóíúãóÇäó Èúäö ÇáØøóÈóÑóÇäöíøö (3) Úóäú ãõÍóãøóÏö Èúäö ÅöÓúÍóÇÞó Èúäö ÑóÇåóæóíúåö¡ æóÓõáóíúãóÇäõ Úóäú Úóáöíøö Èúäö ÚóÈúÏö ÇáúÚóÒöíÒö Úóäú ÃóÈöí ÍõÐóíúÝóÉó (4) æóÚóÈúÏö ÇáÑøóÒøóÇÞö¡ ÞóÇáóÇ: ÍóÏøóËóäóÇ ÚößúÑöãóÉõ Èúäõ ÚóãøóÇÑò ÍóÏøóËóäóÇ ÃóÈõæ Òõãóíúáò ÇáúÍóäóÝöíøõ Úóäö ÇÈúäö ÚóÈøóÇÓò (5) ÞóÇáó: " áóãøóÇ ÇÚúÊóÒóáúÊö ÇáúÍóÑõæÑöíøóÉõ¡ ÞõáúÊõ áóÚóáöíøò: íóÇ ÃóãöíÑó ÇáúãõÄúãöäöíäó ÃóÈúÑöÏú Úóäö ÇáÕøóáóÇÉö ÝóáóÚóáøöí ÂÊöí (6) åóÄõáóÇÁö ÇáúÞóæúãó ÝóÃõßóáøöãõåõãú¡ ÞóÇáó: Åöäøöí ÃóÊóÎóæøóÝõåõãú Úóáóíúßó¡ ÞóÇáó: ÞõáúÊõ: ßóáøóÇ Åöäú ÔóÇÁó Çááøóåõ¡ ÝóáóÈöÓúÊõ ÃóÍúÓóäó [ãóÇ ÃóÞúÏöÑõ] Úóáóíúåö (7) ãöäú åóÐöåö ÇáúíóãóÇäöíøóÉö (8) ¡ Ëõãøó ÏóÎóáúÊõ Úóáóíúåöãú æóåõãú ÞóÇÆöáõæäó Ýöí äóÍúÑö (9)
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(1) ã: æóáóÇ íóÛúäóãõ ÃóãúæóÇáóåõãú æóáóÇ íóÓúÈöí. . .
(2) Ýöí ßöÊóÇÈöåö " ÍöáúíóÉõ ÇáúÃóæúáöíóÇÁö " 1/318 - 320
(3) ã: Úóäú ÓõáóíúãóÇäó ÇáØøóÈóÑóÇäöíøö.
(4) ä:. . . Èúäö ÚóÈúÏö ÇáúÚóÒöíÒö Èúäö ÃóÈöí ÍõÐóíúÝóÉó¡ Ó¡ È: Èúäö ÚóÈúÏö ÇáúÚóÒöíÒö Ãóäøó ÃóÈóÇ ÍõÐóíúÝóÉó. æóÇáúãõËúÈóÊõ. ãöäú (ã) .
(5) íõæÌóÏõ Ýöí " ÍöáúíóÉö ÇáúÃóæúáöíóÇÁö " ÇÎúÊöáóÇÝóÇÊñ íóÓöíÑóÉñ Ýöí ÇáúãõÓúäóÏö.
(6) ÍöáúíóÉõ ÇáúÃóæúáöíóÇÁö: ÃóÈúÑöÏú Úóäøöí ÇáÕøóáóÇÉó áóÚóáøöí ÂÊöí.
(7) ä¡ ã¡ Ó¡ È: ÝóáóÓúÊõ ÃóÍúÓóäó (ÈóíóÇÖò) Úóáóíúåö. æóÇáÊøóÕúæöíÈõ ãöäú " ÍöíáóÉö ÇáúÃóæúáöíóÇÁö ".
(8) ä¡ Ó¡ È: ÇáËøóãóÇäöíóÉö¡ æóÇáúßóáöãóÉõ Ýöí (ã) ÛóíúÑõ ãóäúÞõæØóÉò. æóÇáúãõËúÈóÊõ ãöäú " ÍöáúíóÉö ÇáúÃóæúáöíóÇÁö ".
(9) ã: Ýöí ÍóÑøö. .(8/530)
ÇáÙøóåöíÑóÉö¡ ÝóÏóÎóáúÊõ Úóáóì Þóæúãò áóãú ÃóÑó ÞóæúãðÇ ÃóÔóÏøó ÇÌúÊöåóÇÏðÇ ãöäúåõãú¡ ÃóíúÏöíóåõãú ßóÃóäøóåóÇ ËóÝöäõ ÇáúÅöÈöáö (1) æóæõÌõæåõåõãú ãõÚóáøóãóÉñ (2) ãöäú ÂËóÇÑö ÇáÓøõÌõæÏö¡ ÞóÇáó: ÝóÏóÎóáúÊõ ÝóÞóÇáõæÇ: ãóÑúÍóÈðÇ Èößó íóÇ ÇÈúäó ÚóÈøóÇÓò ãóÇ ÌóÇÁó Èößó¿ ÞóÇáó: ÌöÆúÊõ ÃóÍóÏøöËõßõãú Úóáóì (3) ÃóÕúÍóÇÈö ÑóÓõæáö Çááøóåö Õóáøóì Çááøóåõ Úóáóíúåö æóÓóáøóãó äóÒóáó ÇáúæóÍúíõ¡ æóåõãú ÃóÚúáóãõ ÈöÊóÃúæöíáöåö¡ ÝóÞóÇáó ÈóÚúÖõåõãú: áóÇ ÊõÍóÏøöËõæåõ¡ æóÞóÇáó ÈóÚúÖõåõãú: áóäõÍóÏøöËóäøóåõ¡ ÞóÇáó: ÞõáúÊõ: ÃóÎúÈöÑõæäöí ãóÇ ÊóäúÞöãõæäó Úóáóì ÇÈúäö Úóãøö ÑóÓõæáö Çááøóåö Õóáøóì Çááøóåõ Úóáóíúåö æóÓóáøóãó æóÎóÊóäöåö (4) æóÃóæøóáõ ãóäú Âãóäó Èöåö¡ æóÃóÕúÍóÇÈõ ÑóÓõæáö Çááøóåö ãóÚóåõ¿ ÞóÇáõæÇ: äóäúÞöãõ Úóáóíúåö ËóáóÇËðÇ¡ ÞõáúÊõ: ãóÇ åõäøó¿ ÞóÇáõæÇ: Ãóæøóáõåõäøó Ãóäøóåõ Íóßøóãó ÇáÑøöÌóÇáó Ýöí Ïöíäö Çááøóåö¡ æóÞóÏú ÞóÇáó ÊóÚóÇáóì: {Åöäö ÇáúÍõßúãõ ÅöáøóÇ áöáøóåö} [ÓõæÑóÉõ ÇáúÃóäúÚóÇãö: 57] ÞóÇáó: ÞõáúÊõ: æóãóÇÐóÇ¿ ÞóÇáõæÇ: ÞóÇÊóáó æóáóãú íóÓúÈö æóáóãú íóÛúäóãú áóÆöäú ßóÇäõæÇ ßõÝøóÇÑðÇ áóÞóÏú ÍóáøóÊú áóåõ ÃóãúæóÇáõåõãú¡ æóÅöäú ßóÇäõæÇ ãõÄúãöäöíäó ÝóÞóÏó (5) ÍóÑõãóÊú Úóáóíúåö ÏöãóÇÄõåõãú¡ ÞóÇáó: ÞõáúÊõ: æóãóÇÐóÇ¿ ÞóÇáõæÇ: æóãóÍóÇ äóÝúÓóåõ ãöäú (6) ÃóãöíÑö ÇáúãõÄúãöäöíäó¡ ÝóÅöäú áóãú íóßõäú ÃóãöíÑó ÇáúãõÄúãöäöíäó Ýóåõæó ÃóãöíÑõ ÇáúßóÇÝöÑöíäó.
ÞóÇáó: ÞõáúÊõ: ÃóÑóÃóíúÊõãú Åöäú ÞóÑóÃóÊõ Úóáóíúßõãú ßöÊóÇÈó Çááøóåö (7) ÇáúãõÍúßóãó¡ æóÍóÏøóËúÊõßõãú
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(1) ä: äóÝöäõ ÇáúÅöÈöáö. æóÝöí " ÍöíáóÉö ÇáúÃóæúáöíóÇÁö: ËóÝöäõ ÅöÈöáò. æóÝöí " ÇáúãõÚúÌóãö ÇáúæóÓöíØö ": " ÇáËøóÝöäóÉõ: ÇáÑøõßúÈóÉõ æóÇáúÌõÒúÁõ ãöäú ÌöÓúãö ÇáÏøóÇÈøóÉö ÊóáúÞóì Èöåö ÇáúÃóÑúÖó ÝóíóÛúáõÙõ æóíóÌúãõÏõ ".
(2) ä¡ Ó: ãõÚúáóäóÉñ¡ ÍöáúíóÉõ ÇáúÃóæúáöíóÇÁö: ãõÞúáóÈóÉñ.
(3) ä¡ ã¡ Ó¡ È: Úóäú æóÇáÊøóÕúæöíÈõ ãöäú " ÇáúÍöáúíóÉö ".
(4) ä¡ Ó¡ È: æóÃóãöíäöåö. æóÇáúãõËúÈóÊõ ãöäú (ã) ¡ " ÇáúÍöáúíóÉö ".
(5) ÇáúÍöáúíóÉö: áóÞóÏú.
(6) ÇáúÍöáúíóÉö: Úóäú
(7) ÇáúÍöáúíóÉö: ãöäú ßöÊóÇÈö Çááøóåö. .(8/531)
Úóäú (1) ÓõäøóÉö äóÈöíøößõãú ãóÇ áóÇ ÊõäúßöÑõæäó ÃóÊóÑúÌöÚõæäó¿ ÞóÇáõæÇ: äóÚóãú¡ ÞóÇáó: ÞõáúÊõ: ÃóãøóÇ Þóæúáõßõãú: Åöäøóåõ Íóßøóãó ÇáÑøöÌóÇáó Ýöí Ïöíäö Çááøóåö¡ ÝóÅöäøó Çááøóåó íóÞõæáõ {íóÇÃóíøõåóÇ ÇáøóÐöíäó ÂãóäõæÇ áóÇ ÊóÞúÊõáõæÇ ÇáÕøóíúÏó æóÃóäúÊõãú ÍõÑõãñ æóãóäú ÞóÊóáóåõ ãöäúßõãú ãõÊóÚóãøöÏðÇ ÝóÌóÒóÇÁñ ãöËúáõ ãóÇ ÞóÊóáó ãöäó ÇáäøóÚóãö íóÍúßõãõ Èöåö ÐóæóÇ ÚóÏúáò ãöäúßõãú} [ÓõæÑóÉõ ÇáúãóÇÆöÏóÉö: 95] ¡ æóÞóÇáó: Ýöí ÇáúãóÑúÃóÉö æóÒóæúÌöåóÇ {æóÅöäú ÎöÝúÊõãú ÔöÞóÇÞó ÈóíúäöåöãóÇ ÝóÇÈúÚóËõæÇ ÍóßóãðÇ ãöäú Ãóåúáöåö æóÍóßóãðÇ ãöäú ÃóåúáöåóÇ} [ÓõæÑóÉõ ÇáäøöÓóÇÁö: 35] ÃóäúÔõÏõßõãõ Çááøóåó ÃóÝóÍõßúãõ ÇáÑøöÌóÇáö Ýöí ÍóÞúäö ÏöãóÇÆöåöãú æóÃóäúÝõÓöåöãú æóÕóáóÇÍö ÐóÇÊö Èóíúäöåöãú (* ÃóÍóÞøõ Ãóãú Ýöí ÃóÑúäóÈò ËóãóäõåóÇ ÑõÈõÚõ ÏöÑúåóãò¿ ÞóÇáõæÇ: Ýöí [ÍóÞúäö] *) (2) ÏöãóÇÆöåöãú æóÕóáóÇÍö ÐóÇÊö Èóíúäöåöãú¡ ÞóÇáó (3) : ÃóÎóÑóÌúÊõ ãöäú åóÐöåö¿ ÞóÇáõæÇ: Çááøóåõãøó äóÚóãú¡ ÞóÇáó (4) : æóÃóãøóÇ Þóæúáõßõãú ÞóÇÊóáó (5) æóáóãú íóÓúÈö æóáóãú íóÛúäóãú ÃóÊóÓúÈõæäó Ãõãøóßõãú (6) ¡ Ëõãøó ÊóÓúÊóÍöáøõæäó ãöäúåóÇ ãóÇ ÊóÓúÊóÍöáøõæäó ãöäú ÛóíúÑöåóÇ ÝóÞóÏú ßóÝóÑúÊõãú æóÅöäú ÒóÚóãúÊõãú ÃóäøóåóÇ áóíúÓóÊú Ãõãøóßõãú (7) ÝóÞóÏú ßóÝóÑúÊõãú æóÎóÑóÌúÊõãú ãöäó ÇáúÅöÓúáóÇãö Åöäøó Çááøóåó íóÞõæáõ: {ÇáäøóÈöíøõ Ãóæúáóì ÈöÇáúãõÄúãöäöíäó ãöäú ÃóäúÝõÓöåöãú æóÃóÒúæóÇÌõåõ ÃõãøóåóÇÊõåõãú} [ÓõæÑóÉõ ÇáúÃóÍúÒóÇÈö: 6] æóÃóäúÊõãú ãõÊóÑóÏøöÏõæäó (8) Èóíúäó ÖóáóÇáóÊóíúäö ÝóÇÎúÊóÇÑõæÇ ÃóíøõåõãóÇ ÔöÆúÊõãú ÃóÎúÑóÌúÊõ ãöäú åóÐöåö¿ ÞóÇáõæÇ: Çááøóåõãøó äóÚóãú.
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(1) ÇáúÍöáúíóÉö: ãöäú
(2) ÍóÞúäö: ÓóÇÞöØóÉñ ãöäú (ä) ¡ (ã) æóÃóËúÈóÊøõåóÇ ãöäó ÇáúÍöáúíóÉö 1/319.
(3) ãóÇ Èóíúäó ÇáäøóÌúãóÊóíúäö ÓóÇÞöØñ ãöäú (Ó) ¡ (È) .
(4) ÞóÇáó: ÓóÇÞöØóÉñ ãöäú (ä) ¡ (ã) ¡ (Ó)
(5) ÇáúÍöáúíóÉö: Åöäøóåõ ÞóÇÊóáó. . .
(6) ã: Ãõãøóßõãú Ãõãøó ÇáúãõÄúãöäöíäó.
(7) ÇáúÍöáúíóÉö: ÈöÃõãøößõãú.
(8) ÇáúÍöáúíóÉö: ÝóÃóäúÊõãú ÊóÊóÑóÏøóÏõæäó. . .(8/532)
ÞóÇáó: æóÃóãøóÇ Þóæúáõßõãú ãóÍóÇ äóÝúÓóåõ ãöäú ÃóãöíÑö ÇáúãõÄúãöäöíäó¡ «ÝóÅöäøó ÑóÓõæáó Çááøóåö Õóáøóì Çááøóåõ Úóáóíúåö æóÓóáøóãó ÏóÚóÇ ÞõÑóíúÔðÇ íóæúãó ÇáúÍõÏóíúÈöíóÉö Úóáóì Ãóäú íóßúÊõÈó Èóíúäóåõãú æóÈóíúäóåõ (1) ßöÊóÇÈðÇ¡ ÝóÞóÇáó: ÇßúÊõÈú åóÐóÇ ãóÇ ÞóÇÖóì (2) Úóáóíúåö ãõÍóãøóÏñ ÑóÓõæáõ Çááøóåö " ÝóÞóÇáõæÇ: æóÇááøóåö áóæú ßõäøóÇ äóÚúáóãõ Ãóäøóßó ÑóÓõæáõ Çááøóåö ãóÇ ÕóÏóÏúäóÇßó Úóäö ÇáúÈóíúÊö æóáóÇ ÞóÇÊóáúäóÇßó¡ æóáóßöäö ÇßúÊõÈú ãõÍóãøóÏó Èúäó ÚóÈúÏö Çááøóåö ÝóÞóÇáó: " æóÇááøóåö Åöäøöí áóÑóÓõæáõ Çááøóåö¡ æóÅöäú ßóÐøóÈúÊõãõæäöí¡ ÇßúÊõÈú íóÇ Úóáöíøõ: ãõÍóãøóÏó Èúäó ÚóÈúÏö Çááøóåö " æóÑóÓõæáõ Çááøóåö (3) ßóÇäó ÃóÝúÖóáó ãöäú Úóáöíøò ÃóÎúÑóÌúÊõ ãöäú åóÐöåö¿ ÞóÇáõæÇ: Çááøóåõãøó äóÚóãú ÝóÑóÌóÚó ãöäúåõãú ÚöÔúÑõæäó ÃóáúÝðÇ¡ æóÈóÞöíó ãöäúåõãú ÃóÑúÈóÚóÉõ ÂáóÇÝò ÝóÞõÊöáõæÇ» ".
æóÃóãøóÇ ÊóßúÝöíÑõ åóÐóÇ ÇáÑøóÇÝöÖöíö æóÃóãúËóÇáöåö áóåõãú¡ æóÌóÚúáõ ÑõÌõæÚöåöãú Åöáóì ØóÇÚóÉö Úóáöíøò ÅöÓúáóÇãðÇ áöÞóæúáöåö Õóáøóì Çááøóåõ Úóáóíúåö æóÓóáøóãó ÝöíãóÇ ÒóÚóãóåõ: " «íóÇ Úóáöíøõ ÍóÑúÈõßó ÍóÑúÈöí» "¡ ÝóíõÞóÇáõ: ãöäó ÇáúÚóÌóÇÆöÈö æóÃóÚúÙóãö ÇáúãóÕóÇÆöÈö Úóáóì åóÄõáóÇÁö ÇáúãóÎúÐõæáöíäó Ãóäú íõËúÈöÊõæÇ ãöËúáó åóÐóÇ ÇáúÃóÕúáö ÇáúÚóÙöíãö ÈöãöËúáö åóÐóÇ ÇáúÍóÏöíËö ÇáøóÐöí áóÇ íõæÌóÏõ Ýöí ÔóíúÁò ãöäú ÏóæóÇæöíäö Ãóåúáö ÇáúÍóÏöíËö ÇáøóÊöí íóÚúÊóãöÏõæäó ÚóáóíúåóÇ áóÇ åõæó Ýöí ÇáÕøöÍóÇÍö æóáóÇ ÇáÓøõäóäö æóáóÇ ÇáúãóÓóÇäöÏö æóáóÇ ÇáúÝóæóÇÆöÏö æóáóÇ ÛóíúÑö Ðóáößó ãöãøóÇ íóÊóäóÇÞóáõåõ Ãóåúáõ ÇáúÚöáúãö ÈöÇáúÍóÏöíËö æóíóÊóÏóÇæóáõæäóåõ Èóíúäóåõãú¡ æóáóÇ åõæó ÚöäúÏóåõãú áóÇ ÕóÍöíÍñ æóáóÇ ÍóÓóäñ æóáóÇ ÖóÚöíÝñ¡ Èóáú åõæó ÃóÎóÓøõ (4) ãöäú Ðóáößó¡ æóåõæó ãöäú ÃóÙúåóÑö ÇáúãóæúÖõæÚóÇÊö ßóÐöÈðÇ¡ ÝóÅöäøóåõ ÎöáóÇÝõ ÇáúãóÚúáõæãö ÇáúãõÊóæóÇÊöÑö ãöäú ÓõäøóÉö ÑóÓõæáö Çááøóåö Õóáøóì Çááøóåõ Úóáóíúåö æóÓóáøóãó ãöäú Ãóäøóåõ ÌóÚóáó ÇáØøóÇÆöÝóÊóíúäö
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(1) ÇáúÍöáúíóÉö: Èóíúäóåõ æóÈóíúäóåõãú
(2) ã: ÞóÖóì
(3) ÇáúÍöáúíóÉö: ÝóÑóÓõæáõ Çááøóåö
(4) ä¡ ã: ÃóÍúÓóäõ¡ æóåõæó ÊóÍúÑöíÝñ.(8/533)
ãõÓúáöãöíäó¡ æóÃóäøóåõ ÌóÚóáó ÊóÑúßó ÇáúÞöÊóÇáö Ýöí Êöáúßó ÇáúÝöÊúäóÉö ÎóíúÑðÇ ãöäó ÇáúÞöÊóÇáö ÝöíåóÇ¡ æóÃóäøóåõ ÃóËúäóì Úóáóì ãóäú ÃóÕúáóÍó Èöåö Èóíúäó ÇáØøóÇÆöÝóÊóíúäö¡ Ýóáóæú ßóÇäóÊú ÅöÍúÏóì ÇáØøóÇÆöÝóÊóíúäö ãõÑúÊóÏøöíäó Úóäö ÇáúÅöÓúáóÇãö áóßóÇäõæÇ ÃóßúÝóÑó ãöäó ÇáúíóåõæÏö æóÇáäøóÕóÇÑóì ÇáúÈóÇÞöíäó Úóáóì Ïöíäöåöãú æóÃóÍóÞøó ÈöÇáúÞöÊóÇáö *) (1) ãöäúåõãú ßóÇáúãõÑúÊóÏøöíäó ÃóÕúÍóÇÈö ãõÓóíúáöãóÉó ÇáúßóÐøóÇÈö ÇáøóÐöíäó ÞóÇÊóáóåõãõ ÇáÕøöÏøöíÞõ æóÓóÇÆöÑõ ÇáÕøóÍóÇÈóÉö¡ æóÇÊøóÝóÞõæÇ Úóáóì ÞöÊóÇáöåöãú¡ Èóáú (2) æóÓóÈóæúÇ ÐóÑóÇÑöíøóåõãú¡ æóÊóÓóÑøóì Úóáöíøñ ãöäú Ðóáößó ÇáÓøóÈúíö ÈöÇáúÍóäóÝöíøóÉö: Ãóãøö ãõÍóãøóÏö Èúäö ÇáúÍóäóÝöíøóÉö.
[ÝÕá ßáÇã ÇáÑÇÝÖí Úáì ßæä ÃÈí ÈßÑ ßÇä ÃäíÓ ÇáäÈí Õáì Çááå Úáíå æÓáã Ýí ÇáÚÑíÔ íæã ÈÏÑ æÇáÑÏ Úáíå]
ÝóÕúáñ.
ÞóÇáó ÇáÑøóÇÝöÖöíøõ (3) : " æóÃóãøóÇ ßóæúäõåõ ÃóäöíÓóåõ Ýöí ÇáúÚóÑöíÔö íóæúãó ÈóÏúÑò ÝóáóÇ ÝóÖúáó Ýöíåö¡ áöÃóäøó ÇáäøóÈöíøó Õóáøóì Çááøóåõ Úóáóíúåö æóÓóáøóãó ßóÇäó ÃõäúÓõåõ ÈöÇááøóåö ãõÛúäöíðÇ áóåõ Úóäú ßõáøö ÃóäöíÓò¡ áóßöäú áóãøóÇ ÚóÑóÝó ÇáäøóÈöíøõ Õóáøóì Çááøóåõ Úóáóíúåö æóÓóáøóãó Ãóäøó ÃóãúÑóåõ áöÃóÈöí ÈóßúÑò (4) ÈöÇáúÞöÊóÇáö íõÄóÏøöí Åöáóì ÝóÓóÇÏö ÇáúÍóÇáö ÍóíúËõ åóÑóÈó ÚöÏøóÉó ãöÑóÇÑò Ýöí ÛóÒóæóÇÊöåö¡ æóÃóíøõãóÇ ÃóÝúÖóáõ: ÇáúÞóÇÚöÏõ Úóäö ÇáúÞöÊóÇáö¡ Ãóæö ÇáúãõÌóÇåöÏõ ÈöäóÝúÓöåö (5) Ýöí ÓóÈöíáö Çááøóåö¿ ".
ÇáúÌóæóÇÈõ: Ãóäú íõÞóÇáó áöåóÐóÇ ÇáúãõÝúÊóÑöí ÇáúßóÐøóÇÈö ãóÇ ÐóßóÑúÊóåõ ãöäú ÃóÙúåóÑö ÇáúÈóÇØöáö ãöäú æõÌõæåò (6) :
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(1) ãóÇ Èóíúäó ÇáäøóÌúãóÊóíúäö ÓóÇÞöØñ ãöäú (ã) .
(2) Èóáú: ÒöíóÇÏóÉñ Ýöí (ä)
(3) ÇáúßóáóÇãõ ÇáÊøóÇáöí Ýöí (ß) Õ 200 (ã) æóÓóÈóÞó ÅöíÑóÇÏõåõ Ýöí åóÐóÇ ÇáúÌõÒúÁö
(4) ß: ÃóãóÑóåõ ÃóÈóÇ ÈóßúÑò.
(5) ß: ÈöäóÝúÓöåö æóãóÇáöåö. .
(6) ä¡ Ó¡ È: ÈöæõÌõæåò.(8/534)
ÃóÍóÏõåóÇ: Ãóäøó Þóæúáóåõ " åóÑóÈó ÚöÏøóÉó ãöÑóÇÑò Ýöí ÛóÒóæóÇÊöåö " íõÞóÇáõ áóåõ: åóÐóÇ ÇáúßóáóÇãõ íóÏõáøõ Úóáóì Ãóäøó ÞóÇÆöáóåõ ãöäú ÃóÌúåóáö ÇáäøóÇÓö ÈöãóÛóÇÒöí ÑóÓõæáö Çááøóåö Õóáøóì Çááøóåõ Úóáóíúåö æóÓóáøóãó æóÃóÍúæóÇáöåö¡ æóÇáúÌóåúáõ ÈöÐóáößó ÛóíúÑõ ãõäúßóÑò ãöäó ÇáÑøóÇÝöÖóÉö¡ ÝóÅöäøóåõãú ãöäú ÃóÌúåóáö ÇáäøóÇÓö ÈöÃóÍúæóÇáö ÇáÑøóÓõæáö¡ æóÃóÚúÙóãöåöãú ÊóÕúÏöíÞðÇ ÈöÇáúßóÐöÈö ÝöíåóÇ æóÊóßúÐöíÈðÇ ÈöÇáÕøöÏúÞö ãöäúåóÇ.
æóÐóáößó Ãóäøó ÛóÒúæóÉó ÈóÏúÑò åöíó Ãóæøóáõ ãóÛóÇÒöí ÇáúÞöÊóÇáö áóãú íóßõäú ÞóÈúáóåóÇ áöÑóÓõæáö Çááøóåö Õóáøóì Çááøóåõ Úóáóíúåö æóÓóáøóãó æóáóÇ áöÃóÈöí ÈóßúÑò ÛóÒóÇÉñ ãóÚó ÇáúßõÝøóÇÑö ÃóÕúáðÇ¡ æóÛóÒóæóÇÊõ ÇáúÞöÊóÇáö ÇáøóÊöí ÞóÇÊóáó ÝöíåóÇ ÇáäøóÈöíøõ Õóáøóì Çááøóåõ Úóáóíúåö æóÓóáøóãó ÊöÓúÚõ ÛóÒóæóÇÊò: ÈóÏúÑò æóÃõÍõÏò æóÇáúÎóäúÏóÞö æóÈóäöí ÇáúãõÕúØóáöÞö æóÛóÒúæóÉö Ðöí ÞóÑóÏò æóÎóíúÈóÑó æóÝóÊúÍö ãóßøóÉó æóÍõäóíúäò æóÇáØøóÇÆöÝö¡ æóÃóãøóÇ ÇáúÛóÒóæóÇÊõ ÇáøóÊöí áóãú íõÞóÇÊöáõ ÝöíåóÇ Ýóåöíó äóÍúæõ ÈöÖúÚóÉó ÚóÔóÑó¡ æóÃóãøóÇ ÇáÓøóÑóÇíóÇ ÝóãöäúåóÇ ãóÇ ßóÇäó Ýöíåö ÞöÊóÇáñ¡ æóãöäúåóÇ ãóÇ áóãú íóßõäú Ýöíåö ÞöÊóÇáñ.
æóÈößõáøö ÍóÇáò ÝóÈóÏúÑñ Ãõæáóì (1) ãóÛóÇÒöí ÇáúÞöÊóÇáö ÈöÇÊøöÝóÇÞö ÇáäøóÇÓö¡ æóåóÐóÇ ãöäó ÇáúÚöáúãö ÇáøóÐöí íóÚúáóãõåõ ßõáøõ ãóäú áóåõ Úöáúãñ ÈöÃóÍúæóÇáö ÇáÑøóÓõæáö ãöäú Ãóåúáö ÇáÊøóÝúÓöíÑö æóÇáúÍóÏöíËö æóÇáúãóÛóÇÒöí æóÇáÓøöíóÑö æóÇáúÝöÞúåö æóÇáÊøóæóÇÑöíÎö æóÇáúÃóÎúÈóÇÑö¡ íóÚúáóãõæäó Ãóäøó ÈóÏúÑðÇ åöíó Ãóæøóáõ ÇáúÛóÒóæóÇÊö ÇáøóÊöí ÞóÇÊóáó ÝöíåóÇ ÇáäøóÈöíøõ Õóáøóì Çááøóåõ Úóáóíúåö æóÓóáøóãó¡ æóáóíúÓó ÞóÈúáóåóÇ ÛóÒúæóÉñ æóáóÇ ÓóÑöíøóÉñ ßóÇäó ÝöíåóÇ ÞöÊóÇáñ¡ ÅöáøóÇ ÞöÕøóÉó ÇÈúäö ÇáúÍóÖúÑóãöíøö (2) ¡ æóáóãú íóßõäú ÝöíåóÇ ÃóÈõæ ÈóßúÑò.
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(1) ä¡ Ó¡ È: Ãóæøóáõ.
(2) Ýöí ÌóãöíÚö ÇáäøõÓóÎö: ÅöáøóÇ ÞöÕøóÉó Èóäöí ÇáúÍóÖúÑóãöíøö¡ æóåõæó ÎóØóÃñ. æóÇáÕøóæóÇÈõ ãóÇ ÃóËúÈóÊøõåõ¡ æóåõæó ÚóãúÑõæ Èúäõ ÇáúÍóÖúÑóãöíøö. æóÇÓúãõ ÇáúÍóÖúÑóãöíøö: ÚóÈúÏõ Çááøóåö Èúäõ ÚóÈøóÇÏò¡ æóíõÞóÇáõ: ãóÇáößõ Èúäõ ÚöÈóÇÏò. æóÇäúÙõÑú ÓöíÑóÉó ÇÈúäö åöÔóÇãò 2/252 - 256.(8/535)
ÝóßóíúÝó íõÞóÇáõ: Åöäøóåõ åóÑóÈó ÞóÈúáó Ðóáößó ÚöÏøóÉó ãöÑóÇÑò (1) Ýöí ãóÛóÇÒöíåö¿ ! .
ÇáËøóÇäöí: Ãóäøó ÃóÈóÇ ÈóßúÑò ÑóÖöíó Çááøóåõ Úóäúåõ áóãú íóåúÑóÈú ÞóØøõ ÍóÊøóì íóæúãó ÃõÍõÏò áóãú íóäúåóÒöãú áóÇ åõæó æóáóÇ ÚõãóÑõ æóÅöäøóãóÇ ßóÇäó ÚõËúãóÇäõ Êóæóáøóì¡ æóßóÇäó ãöãøóäú ÚóÝóÇ Çááøóåõ Úóäúåõ¡ æóÃóãøóÇ ÃóÈõæ ÈóßúÑò æóÚõãóÑõ Ýóáóãú íóÞõáú ÃóÍóÏñ ÞóØøõ ÅöäøóåõãóÇ ÇäúåóÒóãóÇ ãóÚó ãóäö ÇäúåóÒóãó¡ Èóáú ËóÈóÊóÇ ãóÚó ÇáäøóÈöíøö Õóáøóì Çááøóåõ Úóáóíúåö æóÓóáøóãó íóæúãó Íõäóíúäò ßóãóÇ ÊóÞóÏøóãó Ðóáößó Úóäú Ãóåúáö ÇáÓøöíÑóÉö (2) ¡ áóßöäøó ÈóÚúÖó ÇáúßóÐøóÇÈöíäó ÐóßóÑó ÃóäøóåõãóÇ ÃóÎóÐóÇ ÇáÑøóÇíóÉó íóæúãó Íõäóíúäò¡ ÝóÑóÌóÚóÇ æóáóãú íõÝúÊóÍú ÚóáóíúåöãóÇ¡ æóãöäúåõãú ãóäú íóÒöíÏõ Ýöí ÇáúßóÐöÈö æóíóÞõæáõ: ÅöäøóåõãóÇ ÇäúåóÒóãóÇ [ãóÚó ãóäö ÇäúåóÒóãó] (3) ¡ æóåóÐóÇ ßóÐöÈñ ßõáøõåõ.
æóÞóÈúáó Ãóäú íóÚúÑöÝó ÇáúÅöäúÓóÇäõ Ãóäøóåõ ßóÐöÈñ¡ Ýóãóäú ÃóËúÈóÊó Ðóáößó ÚóáóíúåöãóÇ åõæó ÇáúãõÏøóÚöí áöÐóáößó ÝóáóÇ ÈõÏøó ãöäú ÅöËúÈóÇÊö Ðóáößó ÈöäóÞúáò íõÕóÏøóÞõ¡ æóáóÇ ÓóÈöíáó Åöáóì åóÐóÇ ÝóÃóíúäó ÇáäøóÞúáõ ÇáúãõÕóÏøóÞõ Úóáóì ÃóÈöí ÈóßúÑò Ãóäøóåõ åóÑóÈó Ýöí ÛóÒúæóÉò æóÇÍöÏóÉò¡ ÝóÖúáðÇ Úóäú Ãóäú íóßõæäó åóÑóÈó ÚöÏøóÉó ãóÑøóÇÊò¿ ! .
ÇáËøóÇáöËõ: Ãóäøóåõ áóæú ßóÇäó Ýöí ÇáúÌõÈúäö ÈöåóÐöåö ÇáúÍóÇáö (4) áóãú íóÎõÕøõåõ ÇáäøóÈöíøõ Õóáøóì Çááøóåõ Úóáóíúåö æóÓóáøóãó Ïõæäó ÃóÕúÍóÇÈöåö ÈöÃóäú íóßõæäó ãóÚóåõ Ýöí ÇáúÚóÑöíÔö¡ Èóáú áóÇ íóÌõæÒõ ÇÓúÊöÕúÍóÇÈõ ãöËúáó åóÐóÇ Ýöí ÇáúÛóÒúæö¡ ÝóÅöäøóåõ áóÇ íóäúÈóÛöí áöáúÅöãóÇãö Ãóäú (* íóÓúÊóÕúÍöÈó ãõäúÎóÐöáðÇ (5) æóáóÇ ãõÑúÌöÝðÇ¡ ÝóÖúáðÇ Úóäú Ãóäøó *) (6) íõÞóÏøóãõ (7) Úóáóì ÓóÇÆöÑö ÃóÕúÍóÇÈöåö¡ æóíóÌúÚóáóåõ ãóÚóåõ Ýöí ÚóÑöíÔöåö.
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(1) ã: ãóÑøóÇÊò
(2) Ó¡ È: ÇáÓøöíóÑö.
(3) ãóÚó ãóäö ÇäúåóÒóãó: ÒöíóÇÏóÉñ Ýöí (ã)
(4) Ó¡ È: ÇáúÍóÇáóÉõ.
(5) ã: ãóÎúÐõæáðÇ.
(6) ãóÇ Èóíúäó ÇáäøóÌúãóÊóíúäö ÓóÇÞöØñ ãöäú (Ó) ¡ (È)
(7) È: íõÞóÏøöãóåõ(8/536)
ÇáÑøóÇÈöÚõ: Ãóäøó ÇáøóÐöí Ýöí ÇáÕøóÍöíÍóíúäö ãöäú ËóÈóÇÊöåö æóÞõæøóÉö íóÞöíäöåö Ýöí åóÐöåö ÇáúÍóÇáö íõßóÐøöÈõ åóÐóÇ ÇáúãõÝúÊóÑöí¡ ÝóÝöí ÇáÕøóÍöíÍóíúäö Úóäö ÇÈúäö ÚóÈøóÇÓò «Úóäú ÚõãóÑó ÞóÇáó: áóãøóÇ ßóÇäó íóæúãõ ÈóÏúÑò äóÙóÑó ÑóÓõæáõ Çááøóåö Õóáøóì Çááøóåõ Úóáóíúåö æóÓóáøóãó Åöáóì ÇáúãõÔúÑößöíäó æóåõãú ÃóáúÝñ¡ æóÃóÕúÍóÇÈõåõ ËóáóÇËõãöÇÆóÉò æóÓóÈúÚóÉó ÚóÔóÑó ÑóÌõáðÇ ÝóÇÓúÊóÞúÈóáó ÑóÓõæáõ Çááøóåö Õóáøóì Çááøóåõ Úóáóíúåö æóÓóáøóãó ÇáúÞöÈúáóÉó¡ Ëõãøó ãóÏøó íóÏóíúåö æóÌóÚóáó íóåúÊöÝõ ÈöÑóÈøöåö: " Çááøóåõãøó ÃóäúÌóÒó áöí ãóÇ æóÚóÏúÊöäöí¡ Çááøóåõãøó Åöäú Êóåúáóßú åóÐöåö ÇáúÚöÕóÇÈóÉõ ãöäú Ãóåúáö ÇáúÅöÓúáóÇãö áóÇ ÊõÚúÈóÏõ Ýöí ÇáúÃóÑúÖö " ÝóãóÇ ÒóÇáó íóåúÊöÝõ ÈöÑóÈøöåö ãóÇÏøðÇ íóÏóíúåö ãõÓúÊóÞúÈóáó ÇáúÞöÈúáóÉö ÍóÊøóì ÓóÞóØó ÑöÏóÇÄõåõ Úóäú ãóäúßóÈóíúåö ÝóÃóÊóÇåõ ÃóÈõæ ÈóßúÑò ÝóÃóÎóÐó ÑöÏóÇÁóåõ ÝóÃóáúÞóÇåõ Úóáóì ãóäúßöÈóíúåö¡ Ëõãøó ÇáúÊóÒóãóåõ ãöäú æóÑóÇÆöåö ÝóÞóÇáó: íóÇ äóÈöíøó Çááøóåö ßóÝóÇßó ãõäóÇÔóÏóÊõßó ÑóÈøóßó¡ ÝóÅöäøóåõ ÓóíõäúÌöÒõ áóßó ãóÇ æóÚóÏóßó¡ ÝóÃóäúÒóáó Çááøóåõ ÚóÒøó æóÌóáøó: {ÅöÐú ÊóÓúÊóÛöíËõæäó ÑóÈøóßõãú ÝóÇÓúÊóÌóÇÈó áóßõãú} » [ÓõæÑóÉõ ÇáúÃóäúÝóÇáö: 9] ÇáúÂíóÉó¡ æóÐóßóÑó ÇáúÍóÏöíËó (1) .
ÇáúÎóÇãöÓõ: Ãóäú íõÞóÇáó: ÞóÏú Úóáöãó ßõáøõ ãóäú Úóáöãó ÇáÓøöíÑóÉó Ãóäøó ÃóÈóÇ ÈóßúÑò ßóÇäó ÃóÞúæóì ÞóáúÈðÇ ãöäú ÌóãöíÚö ÇáÕøóÍóÇÈóÉö áóÇ íõÞóÇÑöÈõåõ Ýöí Ðóáößó ÃóÍóÏñ ãöäúåõãú¡ ÝóÅöäøóåõ ãöäú Íöíäö ÈóÚóËó Çááøóåõ ÑóÓõæáóåõ Åöáóì Ãóäú ãóÇÊó ÃóÈõæ ÈóßúÑò áóãú íóÒóáú ãõÌóÇåöÏðÇ ËóÇÈöÊðÇ (2) ãöÞúÏóÇãðÇ ÔõÌóÇÚðÇ¡ áóãú íõÚúÑóÝú ÞóØøõ Ãóäøóåõ ÌóÈõäó Úóäú ÞöÊóÇáö ÚóÏõæøò¡ Èóáú áóãøóÇ ãóÇÊó ÑóÓõæáõ Çááøóåö Õóáøóì Çááøóåõ Úóáóíúåö æóÓóáøóãó ÖóÚõÝóÊú ÞõáõæÈõ ÃóßúËóÑö ÇáÕøóÍóÇÈóÉö¡ æóßóÇäó åõæó ÇáøóÐöí íõËóÈøöÊõåõãú ÍóÊøóì ÞóÇáó ÃóäóÓñ: " ÎóØóÈúäóÇ ÃóÈõæ ÈóßúÑò æóäóÍúäõ ßóÇáËøóÚóÇáöÈö ÝóãóÇ ÒóÇáó íõÔóÌøöÚõäóÇ ÍóÊøóì ÕöÑúäóÇ ßóÇáúÃõÓõæÏö ".
æóÑõæöíó Ãóäøó ÚõãóÑó ÞóÇáó: íóÇ ÎóáöíÝóÉó ÑóÓõæáö Çááøóåö ÊóÃóáøóÝö ÇáäøóÇÓó¡ ÝóÃóÎóÐó ÈöáöÍúíóÊöåö
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(1) ÓóÈóÞó åóÐóÇ ÇáúÍóÏöíËõ ÝöíãóÇ ãóÖóì
(2) ËóÇÈöÊðÇ: ÓóÇÞöØóÉñ ãöäú (Ó) ¡ (È) .(8/537)
æóÞóÇáó: íóÇ ÇÈúäó ÇáúÎóØøóÇÈö: ÃóÌóÈøóÇÑñ Ýöí ÇáúÌóÇåöáöíøóÉö ÎóæøóÇÑñ Ýöí ÇáúÅöÓúáóÇãö¿ ! ÚóáóÇãó ÃóÊóÃóáøóÝõåõãú: Úóáóì ÍóÏöíËò ãõÝúÊóÑðì Ãóãú Úóáóì ÔöÚúÑò ãõÝúÊóÚóáò¿ ! .
ÇáÓøóÇÏöÓõ: Þóæúáõåõ: " ÃóíøõãóÇ ÃóÝúÖóáõ: ÇáúÞóÇÚöÏõ Úóäö ÇáúÞöÊóÇáö¡ Ãóæö ÇáúãõÌóÇåöÏõ ÈöäóÝúÓöåö Ýöí ÓóÈöíáö Çááøóåö¿ ! .
ÝóíõÞóÇáõ: Èóáú ßóæúäõåõ ãóÚó ÇáäøóÈöíøö Õóáøóì Çááøóåõ Úóáóíúåö æóÓóáøóãó Ýöí åóÐöåö ÇáúÍóÇáö åõæó ãöäú ÃóÝúÖóáö ÇáúÌöåóÇÏö ÝóÅöäøóåõ åõæó ÇáøóÐöí ßóÇäó ÇáúÚóÏõæøõ íóÞúÕöÏõåõ¡ ÝóßóÇäó ËõáõËõ ÇáúÚóÓúßóÑö Íóæúáóåõ íóÍúÝóÙõæäóåõ ãöäó ÇáúÚóÏúæö¡ æóËõáõËõåõ ÇÊøóÈóÚó ÇáúãõäúåóÒöãöíäó æóËõáõËõåõ ÃóÎóÐõæÇ ÇáúÛóäóÇÆöãó¡ Ëõãøó Åöäøó Çááøóåó ÞóÓøóãóåóÇ Èóíúäóåõãú ßõáøöåöãú.
ÇáÓøóÇÈöÚõ: Þóæúáõåõ: " Åöäøó ÃõäúÓó ÇáäøóÈöíøö Õóáøóì Çááøóåõ Úóáóíúåö æóÓóáøóãó ÈöÑóÈøöåö ßóÇäó ãõÛúäöíðÇ áóåõ Úóäú ßõáøö ÃóäöíÓò ".
ÝóíõÞóÇáõ: Þóæúáõ ÇáúÞóÇÆöáö: Åöäøóåõ ßóÇäó ÃóäöíÓóåõ Ýöí ÇáúÚóÑöíÔö¡ áóíúÓó åõæó ãöäú ÃóáúÝóÇÙö ÇáúÞõÑúÂäö æóÇáúÍóÏöíËö¡ æóãóäú ÞóÇáóåõ¡ æóåõæó íóÏúÑöí ãóÇ íóÞõæáõ¡ áóãú íõÑöÏú Èöåö Ãóäøóåõ íõÄúäöÓõåõ áöÆóáøóÇ íóÓúÊóæúÍöÔó¡ Èóáö ÇáúãõÑóÇÏõ Ãóäøóåõ ßóÇäó íõÚóÇæöäõåõ Úóáóì ÇáúÞöÊóÇáö¡ ßóãóÇ ßóÇäó ãóäú åõæó Ïõæäóåõ íõÚóÇæöäõåõ Úóáóì ÇáúÞöÊóÇáö.
æóÞóÏú ÞóÇáó ÊóÚóÇáóì: {åõæó ÇáøóÐöí ÃóíøóÏóßó ÈöäóÕúÑöåö æóÈöÇáúãõÄúãöäöíäó} [ÓõæÑóÉõ ÇáúÃóäúÝóÇáö: 62] æóåõæó ÃóÝúÖóáõ (1) ÇáúãõÄúãöäöíäó ÇáøóÐöíäó ÃóíøóÏóåõ Çááøóåõ Èöåöãú.
æóÞóÇáó: {ÝóÞóÇÊöáú Ýöí ÓóÈöíáö Çááøóåö áóÇ ÊõßóáøóÝõ ÅöáøóÇ äóÝúÓóßó æóÍóÑøöÖö ÇáúãõÄúãöäöíäó} [ÓõæÑóÉõ ÇáäøöÓóÇÁö: 84] ¡ æóßóÇäó ÇáúÍóËøõ Úóáóì ÃóÈöí ÈóßúÑò Ãóäú íõÚóÇæöäóåõ ÈöÛóÇíóÉö ãóÇ íõãúßöäõåõ æóÚóáóì ÇáÑøóÓõæáö Ãóäú íõÍóÑøöÖóåõãú Úóáóì ÇáúÌöåóÇÏö¡ æóíõÞóÇÊöáõ Èöåöãú ÚóÏõæøóåõ
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(1) ä¡ ã¡ Ó: æóÃóÝúÖóáõ ÃóÝúÖóáõ:. . æóåõæó ÎóØóÃñ¡ æóÇáúãõËúÈóÊõ ãöäú (È) .(8/538)
ÈöÏõÚóÇÆöåöãú æóÑóÃúíöåöãú æóÝöÚúáöåöãú æóÛóíúÑö Ðóáößó ãöãøóÇ íõãúßöäõ ÇáöÇÓúÊöÚóÇäóÉõ [Èöåö] (1) Úóáóì ÇáúÌöåóÇÏö.
ÇáËøóÇãöäõ: Ãóäú íõÞóÇáó \: [ãöäú] (2) ÇáúãóÚúáõæãö áöÚóÇãøóÉö ÇáúÚõÞóáóÇÁö Ãóäøó ãõÞóÏøóãó ÇáúÞöÊóÇáö ÇáúãóØúáõæÈö¡ ÇáøóÐöí ÞóÏú ÞóÕóÏóåõ ÃóÚúÏóÇÄõåõ íõÑöíÏõæäó ÞóÊúáóåõ¡ ÅöÐóÇ ÃóÞóÇãó Ýöí ÚóÑöíÔò¡ Ãóæú ÞõÈøóÉò Ãóæú ÍóÑúßóÇÉò¡ Ãóæú ÛóíúÑö Ðóáößó ãöãøóÇ íõÌöäøõåõ (3) ¡ æóáóãú íóÓúÊóÕúÍöÈú ãóÚóåõ ãöäú ÃóÕúÍóÇÈöåö ÅöáøóÇ æóÇÍöÏðÇ¡ æóÓóÇÆöÑõåõãú ÎóÇÑöÌó Ðóáößó ÇáúÚóÑöíÔö áóãú íóßõäú åóÐóÇ ÅöáøóÇ ÃóÎóÕøõ ÇáäøóÇÓö Èöåö¡ æóÃóÚúÙóãõåõãú ãõæóÇáóÇÉð áóåõ æóÇäúÊöÝóÇÚðÇ Èöåö.
æóåóÐóÇ ÇáäøóÝúÚõ Ýöí ÇáúÌöåóÇÏö áóÇ íóßõæäõ ÅöáøóÇ ãóÚó ÞõæøóÉö ÇáúÞóáúÈö æóËóÈóÇÊöåö¡ áóÇ ãóÚó ÖöÚúÝöåö æóÎóæóÑöåö.
ÝóåóÐóÇ íóÏõáøõ Úóáóì Ãóäøó ÇáÕøöÏøöíÞó ßóÇäó Ãóßúãóáóåõãú ÅöíãóÇäðÇ æóÌöåóÇÏðÇ¡ æóÃóÝúÖóáõ ÇáúÎóáúÞö åõãú Ãóåúáõ ÇáúÅöíãóÇäö æóÇáúÌöåóÇÏö Ýóãóäú ßóÇäó ÃóÝúÖóáó Ýöí Ðóáößó ßóÇäó ÃóÝúÖóáó ãõØúáóÞðÇ.
ÞóÇáó ÊóÚóÇáóì: {ÃóÌóÚóáúÊõãú ÓöÞóÇíóÉó ÇáúÍóÇÌøö æóÚöãóÇÑóÉó ÇáúãóÓúÌöÏö ÇáúÍóÑóÇãö ßóãóäú Âãóäó ÈöÇááøóåö æóÇáúíóæúãö ÇáúÂÎöÑö æóÌóÇåóÏó Ýöí ÓóÈöíáö Çááøóåö áóÇ íóÓúÊóæõæäó ÚöäúÏó Çááøóåö} Åöáóì Þóæúáöåö: {æóÃõæáóÆößó åõãõ ÇáúÝóÇÆöÒõæäó} [ÓõæÑóÉõ ÇáÊøóæúÈóÉö: 19¡ 20] ÝóåóÄõáóÇÁö ÃóÚúÙóãõ ÏóÑóÌóÉð ÚöäúÏó Çááøóåö ãöäú Ãóåúáö ÇáúÍóÌøö æóÇáÕøóÏóÞóÉö¡ æóÇáÕøöÏøöíÞõ Ãóßúãóáõ Ýöí Ðóáößó.
æóÃóãøóÇ ÞöÊóÇáõ Úóáöíøò ÈöíóÏöåö ÝóÞóÏú ÔóÇÑóßóåõ Ýöí Ðóáößó ÓóÇÆöÑõ ÇáÕøóÍóÇÈóÉö (4) ÇáøóÐöíäó ÞóÇÊóáõæÇ íóæúãó ÈóÏúÑò¡ æóáóãú íõÚúÑóÝú Ãóäøó ÚóáöíøðÇ ÞóÇÊóáó ÃóßúËóÑó ãöäú ÌóãöíÚö ÇáÕøóÍóÇÈóÉö íóæúãó ÈóÏúÑò æóáóÇ ÃõÍõÏò æóáóÇ ÛóíúÑö Ðóáößó.
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(1) Èöåö: ÓóÇÞöØóÉñ ãöäú (ä) ¡ (ã) ¡ (Ó)
(2) ãöäú: ÒöíóÇÏóÉñ Ýöí (ã)
(3) ä¡ ã¡ Ó: ãöãøóÇ íõÍöÈøõåõ¡ æóåõæó ÊóÍúÑöíÝñ. æóíõÌöäøõåõ: íõÎúÝöíåö.
(4) ã: ßóËöíÑñ ãöäó ÇáÕøóÍóÇÈóÉö.(8/539)
ÝóÝóÖöíáóÉõ ÇáÕøöÏøöíÞö ãõÎúÊóÕøóÉñ Èöåö áóãú íóÔúÑóßúåõ ÝöíåóÇ ÛóíúÑõåõ¡ æóÝóÖöíáóÉõ Úóáöíøò ãõÔúÊóÑóßóÉñ Èóíúäóåõ æóÈóíúäó ÓóÇÆöÑö ÇáÕøóÍóÇÈóÉö ÑóÖöíó Çááøóåõ Úóäúåõãú ÃóÌúãóÚöíäó.
ÇáúæóÌúåõ ÇáÊøóÇÓöÚõ: Ãóäøó ÇáäøóÈöíøó Õóáøóì Çááøóåõ Úóáóíúåö æóÓóáøóãó åõæó æóÃóÈõæ ÈóßúÑò ÎóÑóÌóÇ ÈóÚúÏó Ðóáößó ãöäó ÇáúÚóÑöíÔö¡ æóÑóãóÇåõãõ ÇáäøóÈöíøõ Õóáøóì Çááøóåõ Úóáóíúåö æóÓóáøóãó ÇáÑøóãúíóÉó ÇáøóÊöí ÞóÇáó Çááøóåõ ÝöíåóÇ: {æóãóÇ ÑóãóíúÊó ÅöÐú ÑóãóíúÊó æóáóßöäøó Çááøóåó Ñóãóì} [ÓõæÑóÉõ ÇáúÃóäúÝóÇáö: 17] æóÇáÕøöÏøöíÞõ ÞóÇÊóáóåõãú ÍóÊøóì ÞóÇáó áóåõ ÇÈúäõåõ ÚóÈúÏõ ÇáÑøóÍúãóäö: ÞóÏú ÑóÃóíúÊõßó íóæúãó ÈóÏúÑò ÝóÕóÏóÝúÊõ Úóäúßó¡ ÝóÞóÇáó: áóßöäøöí áóæú ÑóÃóíúÊõßó áóÞóÊóáúÊõßó.
ÝóÕúáñ.
ÞóÇáó ÇáÑøóÇÝöÖöíøõ (1) : " æóÃóãøóÇ ÅöäúÝóÇÞõåõ Úóáóì ÇáäøóÈöíøö Õóáøóì Çááøóåõ Úóáóíúåö æóÓóáøóãó ÝóßóÐöÈñ áöÃóäøóåõ áóãú íóßõäú ÐóÇ ãóÇáò¡ ÝóÅöäøó ÃóÈóÇåõ ßóÇäó ÝóÞöíÑðÇ Ýöí ÇáúÛóÇíóÉö¡ æóßóÇäó íõäóÇÏöí Úóáóì ãóÇÆöÏóÉö ÚóÈúÏö Çááøóåö Èúäö ÌõÏúÚóÇäó ßõáøó íóæúãò ÈöãõÏøò (2) íóÞúÊóÇÊõ Èöåö¡ æóáóæú (3) ßóÇäó ÃóÈõæ ÈóßúÑò ÛóäöíøðÇ áóßóÝóì ÃóÈóÇåõ¡ æóßóÇäó ÃóÈõæ ÈóßúÑò ãõÚóáøöãðÇ áöáÕøöÈúíóÇäö Ýöí ÇáúÌóÇåöáöíøóÉö¡ æóÝöí ÇáúÅöÓúáóÇãö ßóÇäó ÎóíøóÇØðÇ (4) ¡ æóáóãøóÇ æóáöíó ÃóãúÑó ÇáúãõÓúáöãöíäó ãóäóÚóåõ ÇáäøóÇÓõ Úóäö ÇáúÎöíóÇØóÉö¡ ÝóÞóÇáó: Åöäøöí ãõÍúÊóÇÌñ (5) Åöáóì ÇáúÞõæÊö
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(1) ÇáúßóáóÇãõ ÇáÊøóÇáöí Ýöí (ß) Õ 200 (ã) æóÓóÈóÞó Ýöí åóÐóÇ ÇáúÌõÒúÁö.
(2) ß: ÈöãõÏøò Ýöí ßõáøö íóæúãò.
(3) ß: Ýóáóæú.
(4) ß: ÎóíøóÇØðÇ¡ æóßõáøó íóæúãò íóÎöíØõ ÈöÏöÑúåóãóíúäö Ãóæú æóÇÍöÏò.
(5) ß: ãöäó ÇáúÎöíóÇØóÉö¡ ÝóÞóÇáó ÃóÈõæ ÈóßúÑò: Åöäøöí áóÃóÍúÊóÇÌõ.(8/540)
ÝóÌóÚóáõæÇ áóåõ ßõáøó íóæúãò ËóáóÇËóÉó ÏóÑóÇåöãó ãöäú ÈóíúÊö ÇáúãóÇáö " (1) .
æóÇáúÌóæóÇÈõ: Ãóäú íõÞóÇáó: ÃóæøóáðÇ: ãöäú ÃóÚúÙóãö ÇáÙøõáúãö æóÇáúÈõåúÊóÇäö Ãóäú íõäúßöÑó ÇáÑøóÌõáõ ãóÇ ÊóæóÇÊóÑó Èöåö ÇáäøóÞúáõ æóÔóÇÚó Èóíúäó ÇáúÎóÇÕøö æóÇáúÚóÇãøö¡ æóÇãúÊóáóÃóÊú Èöåö ÇáúßõÊõÈõ: ßõÊõÈõ ÇáúÍóÏöíËö ÇáÕøöÍóÇÍö æóÇáúãóÓóÇäöÏö æóÇáÊøóÝúÓöíÑö æóÇáúÝöÞúåö æóÇáúßõÊõÈö ÇáúãõÕóäøóÝóÉö Ýöí ÃóÎúÈóÇÑöÇáúÞóæúãö æóÝóÖóÇÆöáöåöãú¡ Ëõãøó íóÏøóÚöí ÔóíúÆðÇ ãöäó ÇáúãóäúÞõæáóÇÊö ÇáøóÊöí áóÇ ÊõÚúáóãõ ÈöãõÌóÑøóÏö Þóæúáöåö¡ æóáóÇ íóäúÞõáõåõ ÈöÅöÓúäóÇÏò ãóÚúÑõæÝò æóáóÇ Åöáóì ßöÊóÇÈò (2) íóÚúÑöÝõåõ íõæËóÞõ Èöåö¡ æóáóÇ íóÐúßõÑõ ãóÇ ÞóÇáóåõ¡ Ýóáóæú ÞóÏøóÑúäóÇ Ãóäøóåõ äóÇÙóÑó ÃóÌúåóáó ÇáúÎóáúÞö áóÃóãúßóäóåõ Ãóäú íóÞõæáó áóåõ: Èóáö ÇáøóÐöí ÐóßóÑúÊó åõæó ÇáúßóÐöÈõ æóÇáøóÐöí ÞóÇáóåõ ãõäóÇÒöÚõæßó åõæó ÇáÕøöÏúÞõ ÝóßóíúÝó ÊõÎúÈöÑõ Úóäú ÃóãúÑò ßóÇäó ÈöáóÇ ÍõÌøóÉò ÃóÕúáðÇ¡ æóáóÇ äóÞúáò íõÚúÑóÝõ Èöåö Ðóáößó¿ æóãóäö ÇáøóÐöí äóÞóáó ãöäó ÇáËøöÞóÇÊö ãóÇ ÐóßóÑóåõ Úóäú ÃóÈöí ÈóßúÑò¿ .
Ëõãøó íõÞóÇáõ: ÃóãøóÇ ÅöäúÝóÇÞñ ÃóÈöí ÈóßúÑò ãóÇáóåõ¡ ÝóãõÊóæóÇÊöÑñ ãóäúÞõæáñ Ýöí ÇáúÍóÏöíËö ÇáÕøóÍöíÍö ãöäú æõÌõæåò ßóËöíÑóÉò ÍóÊøóì ÞóÇáó: " «ãóÇ äóÝóÚóäöí ãóÇáñ ÞóØøõ ãóÇ äóÝóÚóäöí ãóÇáõ ÃóÈöí ÈóßúÑò» " (3) ¡ æóÞóÇáó: " «Åöäøó Ãóãóäøó ÇáäøóÇÓö ÚóáóíúäóÇ Ýöí ÕõÍúÈóÊöåö æóÐóÇÊö íóÏöåö ÃóÈõæ ÈóßúÑò» " (4) ¡ æóËóÈóÊó Úóäúåõ Ãóäøóåõ ÇÔúÊóÑóì ÇáúãõÚóÐøóÈöíäó ãöäú ãóÇáöåö: ÈöáóÇáðÇ æóÚóÇãöÑó Èúäó ÝõåóíúÑóÉó ÇÔúÊóÑóì ÓóÈúÚóÉó ÃóäúÝõÓò.
æóÃóãøóÇ Þóæúáõ ÇáúÞóÇÆöáö: " Åöäøó ÃóÈóÇåõ ßóÇäó íõäóÇÏöí Úóáóì ãóÇÆöÏóÉö ÚóÈúÏö Çááøóåö Èúäö ÌõÏúÚóÇäó.
ÝóåóÐóÇ áóãú íóÐúßõÑú áóåõ ÅöÓúäóÇÏðÇ íõÚúÑóÝõ Èöåö ÕöÍøóÊóåõ¡ æóáóæú ËóÈóÊó áóãú íóÖõÑøó¡ ÝóÅöäøó åóÐóÇ
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(1) ß ãöäú ÈóíúÊö ãóÇáö ÇáúãõÓúáöãöíäó
(2) È: íõÚúÑóÝõ
(3) ÓóÈóÞó åóÐóÇ ÇáúÍóÏöíËõ ÝöíãóÇ ãóÖóì 5/21
(4) ÓóÈóÞó åóÐóÇ ÇáúÍóÏöíËõ 1/512.(8/541)
ßóÇäó Ýöí ÇáúÌóÇåöáöíøóÉö ÞóÈúáó ÇáúÅöÓúáóÇãö¡ ÝóÅöäøó ÇÈúäó ÌõÏúÚóÇäó ãóÇÊó ÞóÈúáó ÇáúÅöÓúáóÇãö æóÃóãøóÇ Ýöí ÇáúÅöÓúáóÇãö ÝóßóÇäó áöÃóÈöí ÞõÍóÇÝóÉó ãóÇ íõÚöíäõåõ æóáóãú íõÚúÑóÝú ÞóØøõ Ãóäøó ÃóÈóÇ ÞõÍóÇÝóÉó ßóÇäó íóÓúÃóáõ ÇáäøóÇÓó æóÞóÏú ÚóÇÔó ÃóÈõæ ÞõÍóÇÝóÉó Åöáóì Ãóäú ãóÇÊó ÃóÈõæ ÈóßúÑò æóæóÑöËó ÇáÓøõÏõÓó ÝóÑóÏøóåõ Úóáóì ÃóæúáóÇÏöåö áöÛöäóÇåõ Úóäúåõ.
æóãóÚúáõæãñ Ãóäøóåõ áóæú ßóÇäó ãõÍúÊóÇÌðÇ áóßóÇäó ÇáÕøöÏøöíÞõ íóÈóÑøõåõ Ýöí åóÐöåö ÇáúãõÏøóÉö¡ ÝóÞóÏú ßóÇäó ÇáÕøöÏøöíÞõ íõäúÝöÞõ Úóáóì ãöÓúØóÍö Èúäö ÃõËóÇËóÉó áöÞóÑóÇÈóÉò ÈóÚöíÏóÉò¡ æóßóÇäó ãöãøóäú Êóßóáøóãõ (1) Ýöí ÇáúÅöÝúßö¡ ÝóÍóáóÝó ÃóÈõæ ÈóßúÑò Ãóäú áóÇ íõäúÝöÞó Úóáóíúåö ÝóÃóäúÒóáó Çááøóåõ ÊóÚóÇáóì: {æóáóÇ íóÃúÊóáö Ãõæáõæ ÇáúÝóÖúáö ãöäúßõãú æóÇáÓøóÚóÉö Ãóäú íõÄúÊõæÇ Ãõæáöí ÇáúÞõÑúÈóì æóÇáúãóÓóÇßöíäó} Åöáóì Þóæúáöåö {ÛóÝõæÑñ ÑóÍöíãñ} [ÓõæÑóÉõ ÇáäøõæÑö: 22] ÝóÞóÇáó ÃóÈõæ ÈóßúÑò: Èóáóì æóÇááøóåö ÃõÍöÈøõ Ãóäú íóÛúÝöÑó Çááøóåõ áöí¡ ÝóÃóÚóÇÏó Úóáóíúåö ÇáäøóÝóÞóÉó¡ æóÇáúÍóÏöíËõ ÈöÐóáößó ËóÇÈöÊñ Ýöí ÇáÕøóÍöíÍóíúäö. (2)
æóÞóÏö ÇÔúÊóÑóì ÈöãóÇáöåö ÓóÈúÚóÉð ãöäó ÇáúãõÚóÐøóÈöíäó Ýöí Çááøóåö¡ æóáóãøóÇ åóÇÌóÑó ãóÚó ÇáäøóÈöíøö Õóáøóì Çááøóåõ Úóáóíúåö æóÓóáøóãó ÇÓúÊóÕúÍóÈó ãóÇáóåõ ÝóÌóÇÁó ÃóÈõæ ÞõÍóÇÝóÉó¡ æóÞóÇáó áöÃóåúáöåö: ÐóåóÈó ÃóÈõæ ÈóßúÑò ÈöäóÝúÓöåö Ýóåóáú ÊóÑóßó ãóÇáóåõ ÚöäúÏóßõãú Ãóæú ÃóÎóÐóåõ¿ ÞóÇáóÊú ÃóÓúãóÇÁõ: ÝóÞõáúÊõ: Èóáú ÊóÑóßóåõ¡ æóæóÖóÚúÊõ Ýöí ÇáúßõæøóÉö ÔóíúÆðÇ¡ (* æóÞõáúÊõ: åóÐóÇ åõæó ÇáúãóÇáõ áöÊóØöíÈó äóÝúÓöåö Ãóäøóåõ ÊóÑóßó Ðóáößó áöÚöíóÇáöåö¡ æóáóãú íóØúáõÈú ÃóÈõæ ÞõÍóÇÝóÉó ãöäúåõãú ÔóíúÆðÇ *) (3) ¡ æóåóÐóÇ ßõáøõåõ íóÏõáøõ Úóáóì ÛöäóÇåõ.
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(1) ä¡ Ó¡ È: íóÊóßóáøóãõ.
(2) ÇáúÍóÏöíËõ Úóäú ÚóÇÆöÔóÉó ÑóÖöíó Çááøóåõ ÚóäúåõãóÇ Ýöí ÇáúÈõÎóÇÑöíøö 3/173 - 176 (ßöÊóÇÈõ ÇáÔøóåóÇÏóÇÊö¡ ÈóÇÈõ ÊóÚúÏöíáö ÇáäøöÓóÇÁö ÈöÚúÖöåöäøó ÈóÚúÖðÇ) ¡ 6/101 - 105 (ßöÊóÇÈõ ÇáÊøóÝúÓöíÑö¡ ÓõæÑóÉõ ÇáäøõæÑö¡ ÈóÇÈõ: áóæúáóÇ ÅöÐó ÓóãöÚúÊõãõæåõ. . .) ¡ 8/138 (ßöÊóÇÈõ ÇáúÃóíúãóÇäö¡ ÈóÇÈõ Çáúíóãöíäö ÝöíãóÇ áóÇ íóãúáößõ æóÝöí ÇáúãóÚúÕöíóÉö æóÝöí ÇáúÛóÖóÈö) ãõÓúáöãò 4/2129 - 2137 (ßöÊóÇÈõ ÇáÊøóæúÈóÉö¡ ÈóÇÈñ Ýöí ÍóÏöíËö ÇáúÅöÝúßö) ÇáúãõÓúäóÏö (Ø ÇáúÍóáóÈöíøö) 6/194 - 198.
(3) ãóÇ Èóíúäó ÇáäøóÌúãóÊóíúäö ÓóÇÞöØñ ãöäú (ã) .(8/542)
æóÞóæúáõåõ: Åöäøó ÃóÈóÇ ÈóßúÑò ßóÇäó ãõÚóáøöãðÇ áöáÕøöÈúíóÇäö Ýöí ÇáúÌóÇåöáöíøóÉö.
ÝóåóÐóÇ ãöäó ÇáúãóäúÞõæáö ÇáøóÐöí áóæú ßóÇäó ÕöÏúÞðÇ áóãú íóÞúÏóÍú Ýöíåö¡ Èóáú íóÏõáøõ Úóáóì Ãóäøóåõ ßóÇäó ÚöäúÏóåõ Úöáúãñ æóãóÚúÑöÝóÉñ¡ æóßóÇäó ÌóãóÇÚóÉñ ãöäú ÚõáóãóÇÁö (1) ÇáúãõÓúáöãöíäó íõÄóÏøöÈõæäó¡ ãöäúåõãú ÃóÈõæ ÕóÇáöÍò ÕóÇÍöÈõ (2) ÇáúßóáúÈöíøö ßóÇäó íõÚóáøöãõ ÇáÕøöÈúíóÇäó¡ æóÃóÈõæ ÚóÈúÏö ÇáÑøóÍúãóäö ÇáÓøõáóãöíøõ¡ æóßóÇäó ãöäú ÎóæóÇÕøö ÃóÕúÍóÇÈö Úóáöíøò¡ æóÞóÇáó ÓõÝúíóÇäõ Èúäõ ÚõíóíúäóÉó: ßóÇäó ÇáÖøóÍøóÇßõ Èúäõ ãõÒóÇÍöãò æóÚóÈúÏõ Çááøóåö Èúäö ÇáúÍóÇÑöËö íõÚóáøöãóÇäö ÇáÕøöÈúíóÇäó ÝóáóÇ íóÃúÎõÐóÇäö ÃóÌúÑðÇ¡ æóãöäúåõãú ÞóíúÓõ Èúäõ ÓóÚúÏò¡ æóÚóØóÇÁõ Èúäõ ÃóÈöí ÑóÈóÇÍò¡ æóÚóÈúÏõ ÇáúßóÑöíãö ÃóÈõæ ÃõãóíøóÉó (3) . æóÍõÓóíúäñ ÇáúãõÚóáøöãõ¡ æóåõæó ÇÈúäõ ÐóßúæóÇäó æóÇáúÞóÇÓöãõ Èúäõ ÚõãóíúÑò ÇáúåóãúÏóÇäöíøõ¡ æóÍóÈöíÈñ ÇáúãõÚóáøöãõ ãóæúáóì ãóÚúÞöáö Èúäö íóÓóÇÑò.
æóãöäúåõãú ÚóáúÞóãóÉõ Èúäõ ÃóÈöí ÚóáúÞóãóÉó¡ æóßóÇäó íóÑúæöí Úóäúåõ ãóÇáößõ Èúäõ ÃóäóÓò¡ æóßóÇäó áóåõ ãóßúÊóÈñ íõÚóáøöãõ Ýöíåö.
æóãöäúåõãú ÃóÈõæ ÚõÈóíúÏò ÇáúÞóÇÓöãõ Èúäõ ÓóáøóÇãò ÇáúÅöãóÇãõ ÇáúãõÌúãóÚõ Úóáóì ÅöãóÇãóÊöåö æóÝóÖúáöåö¡ ÝóßóíúÝó ÅöÐóÇ ßóÇäó Ðóáößó (4) ãöäó ÇáúßóÐöÈö ÇáúãõÎúÊóáóÞö¿ ! .
Èóáú áóæú ßóÇäó ÇáÕøöÏøöíÞõ ÞóÈúáó ÇáúÅöÓúáóÇãö ãöäó ÇáúÃóÑúÐóáöíäó áóãú íóÞúÏóÍú Ðóáößó Ýöíåö¡ ÝóÞóÏú ßóÇäó ÓóÚúÏñ æóÇÈúäõ ãóÓúÚõæÏò æóÕõåóíúÈõ æóÈöáóÇáñ¡ æóÛóíúÑõåõãú ãöäó ÇáúãõÓúÊóÖúÚóÝöíäó¡ æóØóáóÈó ÇáúãõÔúÑößõæäó ãöäó ÇáäøóÈöíøö Õóáøóì Çááøóåõ Úóáóíúåö æóÓóáøóãó ØóÑúÏóåõãú ÝóäóåóÇåõ Çááøóåõ Úóäú Ðóáößó æóÃóäúÒóáó:
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(1) ÚõáóãóÇÁö: ÓóÇÞöØóÉñ ãóäú (ã) .
(2) ÕóÇÍöÈõ: ÓóÇÞöØóÉñ ãóäú (Ó) ¡ (È) .
(3) ã. æóÚóÈúÏõ ÇáúßóÑöíãö æóÃóÈõæ ÃõãóíøóÉó
(4) Ðóáößó: ÓóÇÞöØóÉñ ãöäú (Ó) ¡ (È) .(8/543)
{æóáóÇ ÊóØúÑõÏö ÇáøóÐöíäó íóÏúÚõæäó ÑóÈøóåõãú ÈöÇáúÛóÏóÇÉö æóÇáúÚóÔöíøö íõÑöíÏõæäó æóÌúåóåõ ãóÇ Úóáóíúßó ãöäú ÍöÓóÇÈöåöãú ãöäú ÔóíúÁò æóãóÇ ãöäú ÍöÓóÇÈößó Úóáóíúåöãú ãöäú ÔóíúÁò} Åöáóì Þóæúáöåö: {ÃóáóíúÓó Çááøóåõ ÈöÃóÚúáóãó ÈöÇáÔøóÇßöÑöíäó} [ÓõæÑóÉõ ÇáúÃóäúÚóÇãö: 52¡ 53] .
æóÞóæúáóåõ: {æóÇÕúÈöÑú äóÝúÓóßó ãóÚó ÇáøóÐöíäó íóÏúÚõæäó ÑóÈøóåõãú ÈöÇáúÛóÏóÇÉö æóÇáúÚóÔöíøö íõÑöíÏõæäó æóÌúåóåõ æóáóÇ ÊóÚúÏõ ÚóíúäóÇßó Úóäúåõãú ÊõÑöíÏõ ÒöíäóÉó ÇáúÍóíóÇÉö ÇáÏøõäúíóÇ æóáóÇ ÊõØöÚú ãóäú ÃóÛúÝóáúäóÇ ÞóáúÈóåõ Úóäú ÐößúÑöäóÇ æóÇÊøóÈóÚó åóæóÇåõ æóßóÇäó ÃóãúÑõåõ ÝõÑõØðÇ} [ÓõæÑóÉõ ÇáúßóåúÝö: 28] .
æóÞóÇáó Ýöí ÇáúãõÓúÊóÖúÚóÝöíäó ãöäó ÇáúãõÄúãöäöíäó: {Åöäøó ÇáøóÐöíäó ÃóÌúÑóãõæÇ ßóÇäõæÇ ãöäó ÇáøóÐöíäó ÂãóäõæÇ íóÖúÍóßõæäó - æóÅöÐóÇ ãóÑøõæÇ Èöåöãú íóÊóÛóÇãóÒõæäó - æóÅöÐóÇ ÇäúÞóáóÈõæÇ Åöáóì Ãóåúáöåöãõ ÇäúÞóáóÈõæÇ Ýóßöåöíäó - æóÅöÐóÇ ÑóÃóæúåõãú ÞóÇáõæÇ Åöäøó åóÄõáóÇÁö áóÖóÇáøõæäó - æóãóÇ ÃõÑúÓöáõæÇ Úóáóíúåöãú ÍóÇÝöÙöíäó - ÝóÇáúíóæúãó ÇáøóÐöíäó ÂãóäõæÇ ãöäó ÇáúßõÝøóÇÑö íóÖúÍóßõæäó - Úóáóì ÇáúÃóÑóÇÆößö íóäúÙõÑõæäó} Åöáóì ÂÎóÑö ÇáÓøõæÑóÉö [ÓõæÑóÉõ ÇáúãõØóÝøöÝöíäó: 29 - 34] .
æóÞóÇáó: {Òõíøöäó áöáøóÐöíäó ßóÝóÑõæÇ ÇáúÍóíóÇÉõ ÇáÏøõäúíóÇ æóíóÓúÎóÑõæäó ãöäó ÇáøóÐöíäó ÂãóäõæÇ æóÇáøóÐöíäó ÇÊøóÞóæúÇ ÝóæúÞóåõãú íóæúãó ÇáúÞöíóÇãóÉö æóÇááøóåõ íóÑúÒõÞõ ãóäú íóÔóÇÁõ ÈöÛóíúÑö ÍöÓóÇÈò} [ÓõæÑóÉõ ÇáúÈóÞóÑóÉö: 212] .
æóÞóÇáó: {æóäóÇÏóì ÃóÕúÍóÇÈõ ÇáúÃóÚúÑóÇÝö ÑöÌóÇáðÇ íóÚúÑöÝõæäóåõãú ÈöÓöíãóÇåõãú ÞóÇáõæÇ ãóÇ ÃóÛúäóì Úóäúßõãú ÌóãúÚõßõãú æóãóÇ ßõäúÊõãú ÊóÓúÊóßúÈöÑõæäó} ÃóåóÄõáóÇÁö {ÇáøóÐöíäó ÃóÞúÓóãúÊõãú áóÇ íóäóÇáõåõãõ Çááøóåõ ÈöÑóÍúãóÉò ÇÏúÎõáõæÇ ÇáúÌóäøóÉó áóÇ ÎóæúÝñ Úóáóíúßõãú æóáóÇ ÃóäúÊõãú ÊóÍúÒóäõæäó} [ÓõæÑóÉõ ÇáúÃóÚúÑóÇÝö: 48¡ 49] .
æóÞóÇáó: {æóÞóÇáõæÇ ãóÇ áóäóÇ áóÇ äóÑóì ÑöÌóÇáðÇ ßõäøóÇ äóÚõÏøõåõãú ãöäó ÇáúÃóÔúÑóÇÑö - ÃóÊøóÎóÐúäóÇåõãú ÓöÎúÑöíøðÇ Ãóãú ÒóÇÛóÊú Úóäúåõãõ ÇáúÃóÈúÕóÇÑõ} [ÓõæÑóÉõ Õ: 62¡ 63] .
æóÞóÇáó Úóäú Þóæúãö äõæÍò: {ÞóÇáõæÇ ÃóäõÄúãöäõ áóßó æóÇÊøóÈóÚóßó ÇáúÃóÑúÐóáõæäó} [ÓõæÑóÉõ ÇáÔøõÚóÑóÇÁö: 111] .(8/544)
æóÞóÇáó ÊóÚóÇáóì: {ÝóÞóÇáó ÇáúãóáóÃõ ÇáøóÐöíäó ßóÝóÑõæÇ ãöäú Þóæúãöåö ãóÇ äóÑóÇßó ÅöáøóÇ ÈóÔóÑðÇ ãöËúáóäóÇ æóãóÇ äóÑóÇßó ÇÊøóÈóÚóßó ÅöáøóÇ ÇáøóÐöíäó åõãú ÃóÑóÇÐöáõäóÇ ÈóÇÏöíó ÇáÑøóÃúíö} [ÓõæÑóÉõ åõæÏò: 27] æóÞóÇáó Úóäú Þóæúãö ÕóÇáöÍò: {ÞóÇáó ÇáúãóáóÃõ ÇáøóÐöíäó ÇÓúÊóßúÈóÑõæÇ ãöäú Þóæúãöåö áöáøóÐöíäó ÇÓúÊõÖúÚöÝõæÇ áöãóäú Âãóäó ãöäúåõãú ÃóÊóÚúáóãõæäó Ãóäøó ÕóÇáöÍðÇ ãõÑúÓóáñ ãöäú ÑóÈøöåö ÞóÇáõæÇ ÅöäøóÇ ÈöãóÇ ÃõÑúÓöáó Èöåö ãõÄúãöäõæäó - ÞóÇáó ÇáøóÐöíäó ÇÓúÊóßúÈóÑõæÇ ÅöäøóÇ ÈöÇáøóÐöí ÂãóäúÊõãú Èöåö ßóÇÝöÑõæäó} [ÓõæÑóÉõ ÇáúÃóÚúÑóÇÝö: 75¡ 76] .
æóÝöí ÇáÕøóÍöíÍóíúäö «Ãóäøó åöÑóÞúáó ÓóÃóáó ÃóÈóÇ ÓõÝúíóÇäó Èúäó ÍóÑúÈò Úóäö ÇáäøóÈöíøö Õóáøóì Çááøóåõ Úóáóíúåö æóÓóáøóãó ÞóÇáó: ÃóÔúÑóÇÝõ ÇáäøóÇÓö ÇÊøóÈóÚõæåõ Ãóãú ÖõÚóÝóÇÄõåõãú¿ ÞóÇáó: Èóáú ÖõÚóÝóÇÄõåõãú¡ ÞóÇáó: åõãú ÃóÊúÈóÇÚõ ÇáÑøõÓõáö» (1) .
ÝóÅöÐóÇ ÞõÏøöÑó Ãóäøó ÇáÕøöÏøöíÞó ßóÇäó ãöäó ÇáúãõÓúÊóÖúÚóÝöíäó ßóÚóãøóÇÑò æóÕõåóíúÈò æóÈöáóÇáò áóãú íóÞúÏóÍú Ðóáößó Ýöí ßóãóÇáö ÅöíãóÇäöåö æóÊóÞúæóÇåõ¡ ßóãóÇ áóãú íóÞúÏóÍú Ýöí ÅöíãóÇäö åóÄõáóÇÁö æóÊóÞúæóÇåõãú¡ æóÃóßúãóáõ ÇáúÎóáúÞö ÚöäúÏó Çááøóåö ÃóÊúÞóÇåõãú.
æóáóßöäøó ßóáóÇãó ÇáÑøóÇÝöÖóÉö ãöäú ÌöäúÓö ßóáóÇãö ÇáúãõÔúÑößöíäó ÇáúÌóÇåöáöíøóÉö íóÊóÚóÕøóÈõæäó áöáäøóÓóÈö æóÇáúÂÈóÇÁö áóÇ áöáÏøöíäö¡ æóíóÚöíÈõæäó ÇáúÅöäúÓóÇäó ÈöãóÇ áóÇ íóäúÞõÖõ ÅöíãóÇäóåõ æóÊóÞúæóÇåõ¡ æóßõáøõ åóÐóÇ ãöäú ÝöÚúáö ÇáúÌóÇåöáöíøóÉö¡ æóáöåóÐóÇ ßóÇäóÊö ÇáúÌóÇåöáöíøóÉõ ÙóÇåöÑóÉð Úóáóíúåöãú Ýóåõãú íõÔúÈöåõæäó ÇáúßõÝøóÇÑó ãöäú æõÌõæåò ÎóÇáóÝõæÇ ÈöåóÇ Ãóåúáó ÇáúÅöíãóÇäö æóÇáúÅöÓúáóÇãö.
æóÞóæúáõåõ: " Åöäøó ÇáÕøöÏøöíÞó ßóÇäó ÎóíøóÇØðÇ Ýöí ÇáúÅöÓúáóÇãö æóáóãøóÇ æóáöíó ÃóãúÑó ÇáúãõÓúáöãöíäó ãóäóÚóåõ ÇáäøóÇÓõ Úóäö ÇáúÎöíóÇØóÉö ".
ßóÐöÈñ ÙóÇåöÑñ¡ íóÚúÑöÝõ ßõáøõ ÃóÍóÏò Ãóäøóåõ ßóÐöÈñ¡ æóÅöäú ßóÇäó áóÇ ÛóÖóÇÖóÉó Ýöíåö áóæú
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(1) ÓóÈóÞó åóÐóÇ ÇáúÍóÏöíËõ ÝöíãóÇ ãóÖóì 4/434.(8/545)
ßóÇäó ÍóÞøðÇ¡ ÝóÅöäøó ÃóÈóÇ ÈóßúÑò áóãú íóßõäú ÎóíøóÇØðÇ¡ æóÅöäøóãóÇ ßóÇäó ÊóÇÌöÑðÇ ÊóÇÑóÉð íõÓóÇÝöÑõ Ýöí ÊöÌóÇÑóÊöåö æóÊóÇÑóÉð áóÇ íõÓóÇÝöÑõ¡ æóÞóÏú ÓóÇÝóÑó Åöáóì ÇáÔøóÇãö Ýöí ÊöÌóÇÑóÊöåö (1) Ýöí ÇáúÅöÓúáóÇãö¡ æóÇáÊøöÌóÇÑóÉõ ßóÇäóÊú ÃóÝúÖóáõ ãóßóÇÓöÈö ÞõÑóíúÔò¡ æóßóÇäó ÎöíóÇÑõ Ãóåúáö ÇáúÃóãúæóÇáö ãöäúåõãú Ãóåúáó ÇáÊøöÌóÇÑóÉö¡ æóßóÇäóÊö ÇáúÚóÑóÈõ ÊóÚúÑöÝõåõãú ÈöÇáÊøöÌóÇÑóÉö¡ æóáóãøóÇ æõáøöíó ÃóÑóÇÏó Ãóäú íóÊøóÌöÑó áöÚöíóÇáöåö ÝóãóäóÚóåõ ÇáúãõÓúáöãõæäó¡ æóÞóÇáõæÇ: åóÐóÇ íóÔúÛóáõßó Úóäú ãóÕóÇáöÍö ÇáúãõÓúáöãöíäó.
æóßóÇäó ÚóÇãøóÉõ ãóáóÇÈöÓöåöãõ ÇáúÃóÑúÏöíóÉó æóÇáúÃõÑõÒó¡ ÝóßóÇäóÊö ÇáúÎöíóÇØóÉõ Ýöíåöãú ÞóáöíáóÉð ÌöÏøðÇ¡ æóÞóÏú ßóÇäó ÈöÇáúãóÏöíäóÉö ÎóíøóÇØñ ÏóÚóÇ (2) ÇáäøóÈöíøó Õóáøóì Çááøóåõ Úóáóíúåö æóÓóáøóãó Åöáóì ÈóíúÊöåö (3) .
æóÃóãøóÇ ÇáúãõåóÇÌöÑõæäó ÇáúãóÔúåõæÑõæäó ÝóãóÇ ÃóÚúáóãõ Ýöíåöãú ÎóíøóÇØðÇ ãóÚó Ãóäøó ÇáúÎöíóÇØóÉó ãöäú ÃóÍúÓóäö ÇáÕøöäóÇÚóÇÊö æóÃóÌóáøöåóÇ.
æóÅöäúÝóÇÞõ ÃóÈöí ÈóßúÑò Ýöí ØóÇÚóÉö Çááøóåö æóÑóÓõæáöåö åõæó ãöäó ÇáúãõÊóæóÇÊöÑö ÇáøóÐöí ÊóÚúÑöÝõåõ ÇáúÚóÇãøóÉõ æóÇáúÎóÇÕøóÉõ¡ æóßóÇäó áóåõ ãóÇáñ ÞóÈúáó ÇáúÅöÓúáóÇãö (4) ¡ æóßóÇäó ãõÚóÙøóãðÇ Ýöí ÞõÑóíúÔò ãõÍóÈøóÈðÇ ãõÄúáóÝðÇ ÎóÈöíÑðÇ ÈöÃóäúÓóÇÈö ÇáúÚóÑóÈö æóÃóíøóÇãöåöãú¡ æóßóÇäõæÇ íóÃúÊõæäóåõ áöãóÞóÇÕöÏö ÇáÊøöÌóÇÑóÉö æóáöÚöáúãöåö æóÅöÍúÓóÇäöåö¡ æóáöåóÐóÇ áóãøóÇ ÎóÑóÌó ãöäú ãóßøóÉó ÞóÇáó áóåõ ÇÈúäõ ÇáÏøóÛöäøóÉö¡
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(1) ä¡ ã: Ýöí ÊöÌóÇÑóÉò
(2) Ó¡ È ÚöäúÏó
(3) È: áöÂáö. æóÇáúÍóÏöíËõ Úóäú ÃóäóÓö Èúäö ãóÇáößò ÑóÖöíó Çááøóåõ Úóäúåõ Ýöí ÇáúÈõÎóÇÑöíøö 7/68 (ßöÊóÇÈõ ÇáúÃóØúÚöãóÉö¡ ÈóÇÈõ ãóäú ÊóÊóÈøóÚó ÍóæóÇáóíö ÇáúÞóÕúÚóÉö. . .) æóäóÕøõåõ. . . ÓóãöÚó ÃóäóÓó Èúäó ãóÇáößò íóÞõæáõ: Åöäøó ÎóíøóÇØðÇ ÏóÚóÇ ÑóÓõæáó Çááøóåö Õóáøóì Çááøóåõ Úóáóíúåö æóÓóáøóãó áöØóÚóÇãò ÕóäóÚóåõ. ÞóÇáó ÃóäóÓñ: ÝóÐóåóÈúÊõ ãóÚó ÑóÓõæáö Çááøóåö Õóáøóì Çááøóåõ Úóáóíúåö æóÓóáøóãó ÝóÑóÃóíúÊõåõ íóÊóÊóÈøóÚõ ÇáÏøõÈøóÇÁó ãöäú ÍóæóÇáóíö ÇáúÞóÕúÚóÉö. ÞóÇáó: Ýóáóãú ÃóÒóáú ÃõÍöÈøõ ÇáÏøõÈøóÇÁó ãöäú íóæúãóÆöÐò. æóÇáúÍóÏöíËõ ÃóíúÖðÇ Ýöí ÇáúÈõÎóÇÑöíøö 3/61 (ßöÊóÇÈõ ÇáúÈõíõæÚö¡ ÈóÇÈõ ÐößúÑö ÇáúÎóíøóÇØö¡ ãõÓúáöãò 3/1615 (ßöÊóÇÈõ ÇáúÃóÔúÑöÈóÉö¡ ÈóÇÈõ ÌóæóÇÒö Ãóßúáö ÇáúãóÑóÞö. . .) æóÇáúÍóÏöíËõ Ýöí Óõäóäö ÃóÈöí ÏóÇæõÏó æóÇáúãõæóØøóÃö æóãõÓúäóÏö ÃóÍúãóÏó æóÇáÏøõÈøóÇÁõ. ÇáúíóÞúØöíäõ Ãóæö ÇáúÞóÑúÚõ ÇáúæóÇÍöÏóÉõ: ÏõÈøóÇÁóÉñ.
(4) ã: Ýöí ÇáúÅöÓúáóÇãö.(8/546)
" ãöËúáõßó áóÇ íóÎúÑõÌõ æóáóÇ íõÎúÑóÌõ " (1) .
æóáóãú íõÚúáóãú ÃóÍóÏñ ãöäú ÞõÑóíúÔò æóÛóíúÑöåöãú (2) ÚóÇÈó ÃóÈóÇ ÈóßúÑò ÈöÚóíúÈò¡ æóáóÇ äóÞóÕóåõ æóáóÇ ÇÓúÊóÑúÐóáóåõ¡ ßóãóÇ ßóÇäõæÇ íóÝúÚóáõæäó ÈöÖõÚóÝóÇÁö ÇáúãõÄúãöäöíäó¡ æóáóãú íóßõäú áóåõ ÚöäúÏóåõãú ÚóíúÈñ (3) ÅöáøóÇ ÅöíãóÇäóåõ ÈöÇááøóåö æóÑóÓõæáöåö¡ ßóãóÇ Ãóäøó ÑóÓõæáó Çááøóåö Õóáøóì Çááøóåõ Úóáóíúåö æóÓóáøóãó áóãú íóßõäú ÞóØøõ Èöåö ÚóíúÈñ ÚöäúÏó ÞõÑóíúÔò æóáóÇ äóÞúÕñ æóáóÇ íóÐõãøõæäóåõ ÈöÔóíúÁò ÞóØøõ¡ Èóáú ßóÇäó ãõÚóÙøóãðÇ ÚöäúÏóåõãú ÈóíúÊðÇ æóäóÓóÈðÇ ãóÚúÑõæÝðÇ ÈöãóßóÇÑöãö ÇáúÃóÎúáóÇÞö æóÇáÕøöÏúÞö æóÇáúÃóãóÇäóÉö¡ æóßóÐóáößó ÕöÏøöíÞõåõ ÇáúÃóßúÈóÑõ áóãú íóßõäú áóåõ ÚóíúÈñ ÚöäúÏóåõãú ãöäó ÇáúÚõíõæÈö.
æóÇÈúäõ ÇáÏøóÛöäøóÉö ÓóíøöÏõ ÇáúÞóÇÑóÉö ÅöÍúÏóì ÞóÈóÇÆöáö ÇáúÚóÑóÈö ßóÇäó ãõÚóÙøóãðÇ ÚöäúÏó ÞõÑóíúÔò íõÌöíÑõæäó ãóäú ÃóÌóÇÑóåõ áöÚóÙóãóÊöåö ÚöäúÏóåõãú.
æóÝöí ÇáÕøóÍöíÍóíúäö Ãóäøó ÃóÈóÇ ÈóßúÑò áöãóÇ ÇÈúÊõáöíó ÇáúãõÓúáöãõæäó ÎóÑóÌó ãõåóÇÌöÑðÇ Åöáóì ÃóÑúÖö ÇáúÍóÈóÔóÉö ÍóÊøóì ÅöÐóÇ ÈóáóÛó ÈóÑúßó ÇáúÛöãóÇÏö áóÞöíóåõ ÇÈúäõ ÇáÏøóÛöäøóÉö¡ æóåõæó ÓóíøöÏõ ÇáúÞóÇÑóÉö ÝóÞóÇáó: Ãóíúäó ÊõÑöíÏõ íóÇ ÃóÈóÇ ÈóßúÑò¿ ÝóÞóÇáó: ÃóÎúÑóÌóäöí Þóæúãöí ÝóÃõÑöíÏõ Ãóäú ÃóÓöíÍó Ýöí ÇáúÃóÑúÖö æóÃóÚúÈõÏõ ÑóÈøöí¡ ÝóÞóÇáó ÇÈúäõ ÇáÏøóÛöäøóÉö: ÝóÅöäøó ãöËúáóßó áóÇ íóÎúÑõÌõ æóáóÇ íõÎúÑóÌõ¡ Åöäøóßó ÊõßúÓöÈõ ÇáúãóÚúÏõæãó¡ æóÊóÕöáõ ÇáÑøóÍöãó¡ æóÊóÍúãöáõ Çáúßóáøó æóÊóÞúÑöí ÇáÖøóíúÝó¡ æóÊõÚöíäõ Úóáóì äóæóÇÆöÈö ÇáúÍóÞøö¡ ÝóÃóäóÇ áóßó ÌóÇÑñ ÝóÇÑúÌöÚú æóÇÚúÈõÏú ÑóÈøóßó ÈöÈóáóÏößó ÝóÑóÌóÚó æóÇÑúÊóÍóáó ãóÚóåõ ÇÈúäõ ÇáÏøóÛöäøóÉö¡ ÝóØóÇÝó ÇÈúäõ ÇáÏøóÛöäøóÉö ÚóÔöíøóÉð Ýöí ÃóÔúÑóÇÝö ÞõÑóíúÔò ÝóÞóÇáó áóåõãú: Åöäøó ÃóÈóÇ ÈóßúÑò áóÇ íóÎúÑõÌõ ãöËúáõåõ æóáóÇ íõÎúÑóÌõ¡ ÃóÊõÎúÑöÌõæäó ÑóÌõáðÇ íõßúÓöÈõ
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(1) ÓóÈóÞó åóÐóÇ ÇáúÍóÏöíËõ ÞóÈúáó ÕóÝóÍóÇÊò Ýöí åóÐóÇ ÇáúÌõÒúÁö.
(2) æóÛóíúÑöåöãú: ÓóÇÞöØóÉñ ãöäú (Ó) ¡ (È) .
(3) ä: æóáóãú íóßõäú áóåõ ÚóíúÈñ ÚöäúÏóåõãú. .(8/547)
ÇáúãóÚúÏõæãó¡ æóíóÕöáõ ÇáÑøóÍöãó¡ æóíóÍúãöáõ Çáúßóáøó¡ æóíóÞúÑöí ÇáÖøóíúÝó¡ æóíõÚöíäõ Úóáóì äóæóÇÆöÈö ÇáúÍóÞøö¿ Ýóáóãú íõßóÐøöÈú ÞõÑóíúÔñ ÈöÌöæóÇÑö ÇÈúäö ÇáÏøóÛöäøóÉö¡ æóÞóÇáõæÇ áöÇÈúäö ÇáÏøóÛöäøóÉö: ãõÑú ÃóÈóÇ ÈóßúÑò ÝóáúíóÚúÈõÏú ÑóÈøóåõ Ýöí ÏóÇÑöåö ÝóáúíõÕóáøö ÝöíåóÇ¡ æóáúíóÞúÑóÃú ãóÇ ÔóÇÁó æóáóÇ íõÄúÐöäóÇ ÈöÐóáößó¡ æóáóÇ íóÓúÊóÚúáöäú Èöåö ÝóÅöäøóÇ äóÎúÔóì Ãóäú íóÝúÊöäó äöÓóÇÁóäóÇ æóÃóÈúäóÇÁóäóÇ¡ ÝóÞóÇáó Ðóáößó ÇÈúäõ ÇáÏøóÛöäøóÉö áöÃóÈöí ÈóßúÑò¡ ÝóáóÈöËó ÃóÈõæ ÈóßúÑò ÈöÐóáößó íóÚúÈõÏõ ÑóÈøóåõ Ýöí ÏóÇÑöåö¡ æóáóÇ íóÓúÊóÚúáöäõ ÈöÕóáóÇÊöåö æóáóÇ íóÞúÑóÃõ Ýöí ÛóíúÑö ÏóÇÑöåö¡ Ëõãøó ÈóÏóÇ áóåõ ÝóÇÈúÊóäóì ãóÓúÌöÏðÇ ÈöÝöäóÇÁö ÏóÇÑöåö¡ ÝóßóÇäó íõÕóáøöí Ýöíåö¡ æóíóÞúÑóÃõ ÇáúÞõÑúÂäó ÝóíóÊóÞóÕøóÝõ Úóáóíúåö äöÓóÇÁõ ÇáúãõÔúÑößöíäó æóÃóÈúäóÇÄõåõãú íóÚúÌóÈõæäó ãöäúåõ¡ æóíóäúÙõÑõæäó Åöáóíúåö¡ æóßóÇäó ÃóÈõæ ÈóßúÑò ÑóÌõáðÇ ÈóßøóÇÁð áóÇ íóãúáößõ Úóíúäóíúåö ÅöÐóÇ ÞóÑóÃó ÇáúÞõÑúÂäó¡ æóÃóÝúÒóÚó Ðóáößó ÃóÔúÑóÇÝó ÞõÑóíúÔò¡ ÝóÃóÑúÓóáõæÇ Åöáóì ÇÈúäö ÇáÏøóÛöäøóÉö¡ ÝóÞóÏöãó Åöáóíúåöãú ÝóÞóÇáõæÇ: ÅöäøóÇ ßõäøóÇ ÃóÌúÑóäóÇ ÃóÈóÇ ÈóßúÑò ÈöÌöæóÇÑößó Úóáóì Ãóäú íóÚúÈõÏó ÑóÈøóåõ Ýöí ÏóÇÑöåö ÝóÌóÇæóÒó Ðóáößó ÝóÇÈúÊóäóì ãóÓúÌöÏðÇ ÈöÝöäóÇÁö ÏóÇÑöåö ÝóÃóÚúáóäó ÈöÇáÕøóáóÇÉö æóÇáúÞöÑóÇÁóÉö Ýöíåö¡ æóÅöäøóÇ ÞóÏú ÎóÔöíäóÇ Ãóäú íóÝúÊöäó äöÓóÇÁóäóÇ æóÃóÈúäóÇÁóäóÇ ÝóÇäúåóåõ ÝóÅöäú ÃóÍóÈøó Ãóäú íóÞúÊóÕöÑó Úóáóì Ãóäú íóÚúÈõÏó ÑóÈøóåõ Ýöí ÏóÇÑöåö ÝóÚóáó¡ æóÅöäú ÃóÈóì ÅöáøóÇ Ãóäú íõÚúáöäó ÈöÐóáößó ÝóÓóáúåõ Ãóäú íóÑõÏøó Åöáóíúßó ÐöãøóÊóßó¡ ÝóÅöäøóÇ ÞóÏú ßóÑöåúäóÇ Ãóäú äõÎúÝöÑóßó æóáóÓúäóÇ ãõÞöÑøöíäó áöÃóÈöí ÈóßúÑò ÇáöÇÓúÊöÚúáóÇäó.
ÞóÇáóÊú ÚóÇÆöÔóÉõ: ÝóÃóÊóì ÇÈúäõ ÇáÏøóÛöäøóÉö Åöáóì ÃóÈöí ÈóßúÑò¡ ÝóÞóÇáó: ÞóÏú ÚóáöãúÊó ÇáøóÐöí ÚóÇÞóÏúÊõ áóßó Úóáóíúåö¡ ÝóÅöãøóÇ Ãóäú ÊóÞúÊóÕöÑó Úóáóì Ðóáößó¡ æóÅöãøóÇ Ãóäú ÊõÑúÌöÚó Åöáóíøó ÐöãøóÊöí¡ ÝóÅöäøöí áóÇ ÃõÍöÈøõ Ãóäú ÊóÓúãóÚó ÇáúÚóÑóÈõ Ãóäøöí ÃõÎúÝöÑúÊõ Ýöí ÑóÌõáò ÚóÞóÏúÊõ áóåõ¡ ÝóÞóÇáó ÃóÈõæ ÈóßúÑò: ÝóÅöäøöí ÃóÑõÏøõ Úóáóíúßó ÌöæóÇÑößó æóÃóÑúÖóì ÈöÌöæóÇÑö Çááøóåö¡ æóÐóßóÑó ÇáúÍóÏöíËó (1)
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(1) ÓóÈóÞó åóÐóÇ ÇáúÍóÏöíËõ ãöäú ÞóÈúáö åóÐóÇ ÇáúÌõÒúÁö.(8/548)
ÝóÞóÏú æóÕóÝóåõ ÇÈúäõ ÇáÏøóÛöäøóÉö ÈöÍóÖúÑóÉö ÃóÔúÑóÇÝö ÞõÑóíúÔò ÈöãöËúáö ãóÇ «æóÕóÝóÊú Èöåö ÎóÏöíÌóÉõ ÇáäøóÈöíøó Õóáøóì Çááøóåõ Úóáóíúåö æóÓóáøóãó áóãøóÇ äóÒóáó Úóáóíúåö ÇáúæóÍúíõ æóÞóÇáó áóåóÇ: " áóÞóÏú ÎóÔöíÊõ Úóáóì ÚóÞúáöí " ÝóÞóÇáóÊú áóåõ: " ßóáøóÇ æóÇááøóåö áóäú íõÎúÒöíóßó Çááøóåõ ÃóÈóÏðÇ¡ Åöäøóßó áóÊóÕöáõ ÇáÑøóÍöãó¡ æóÊóÍúãöáõ Çáúßóáøó¡ æóÊóÞúÑöí ÇáÖøóíúÝó¡ æóÊõßúÓöÈõ ÇáúãóÚúÏõæãó¡ æóÊõÚöíäõ Úóáóì äóæóÇÆöÈö ÇáúÍóÞøö» " (1) .
ÝóåóÐöåö ÕöÝóÉõ ÇáäøóÈöíøö Õóáøóì Çááøóåõ Úóáóíúåö æóÓóáøóãó ÃóÝúÖóáõ ÇáäøóÈöíøöíäó¡ æóÕöÏøöíÞõåõ ÃóÝúÖóáõ ÇáÕøöÏøöíÞöíäó.
æóÝöí ÇáÕøóÍöíÍóíúäö Úóäú ÃóÈöí ÓóÚöíÏò «Ãóäøó ÇáäøóÈöíøó Õóáøóì Çááøóåõ Úóáóíúåö æóÓóáøóãó ÌóáóÓó Úóáóì ÇáúãöäúÈóÑö¡ æóÞóÇáó: Åöäøó ÚóÈúÏðÇ ÎóíøóÑóåõ Çááøóåõ Èóíúäó Ãóäú íõÄúÊöíóåõ ãöäú ÒóåúÑóÉö ÇáÏøõäúíóÇ¡ æóÈóíúäó ãóÇ ÚöäúÏó Çááøóåö ÝóÇÎúÊóÇÑó ãóÇ ÚöäúÏóåõ "¡ ÝóÈóßóì ÃóÈõæ ÈóßúÑò¡ æóÞóÇáó: ÝóÏóíúäóÇßó ÈöÂÈóÇÆöäóÇ æóÃõãøóåóÇÊöäóÇ¡ ÝóßóÇäó ÇáäøóÈöíøõ Õóáøóì Çááøóåõ Úóáóíúåö æóÓóáøóãó åõæó ÇáúãõÎóíøóÑõ æóßóÇäó ÃóÈõæ ÈóßúÑò ÃóÚúáóãóäóÇ Èöåö ÝóÞóÇáó ÇáäøóÈöíøõ Õóáøóì Çááøóåõ Úóáóíúåö æóÓóáøóãó: " áóÇ ÊóÈúßö íóÇ ÃóÈóÇ ÈóßúÑò Åöäøó Ãóãóäøó ÇáäøóÇÓö Úóáóíøó Ýöí ÕõÍúÈóÊöåö æóãóÇáöåö ÃóÈõæ ÈóßúÑò¡ æóáóæú ßõäúÊõ ãõÊøóÎöÐðÇ ãöäú Ãóåúáö ÇáúÃóÑúÖö ÎóáöíáðÇ áóÇÊøóÎóÐúÊõ ÃóÈóÇ ÈóßúÑò ÎóáöíáðÇ áóÇ íóÈúÞóíóäøó Ýöí ÇáúãóÓúÌöÏö ÎóæúÎóÉñ ÅöáøóÇ ÓõÏøóÊú ÅöáøóÇ ÎóæúÎóÉó ÃóÈöí ÈóßúÑò» " (2) .
æóÝöí ÇáÕøóÍöíÍóíúäö Úóäú ÃóÈöí ÇáÏøóÑúÏóÇÁö ÑóÖöíó Çááøóåõ Úóäúåõ¡ ÞóÇáó: ßõäúÊõ ÌóÇáöÓðÇ ÚöäúÏó ÇáäøóÈöíøö Õóáøóì Çááøóåõ Úóáóíúåö æóÓóáøóãó ÅöÐú ÃóÞúÈóáó ÃóÈõæ ÈóßúÑò ÂÎöÐðÇ ÈöØóÑóÝö ËóæúÈöåö¡ æóÐóßóÑó ÇáúÍóÏöíËó Åöáóì Ãóäú ÞóÇáó: ÝóÞóÇáó ÇáäøóÈöíøõ Õóáøóì Çááøóåõ Úóáóíúåö æóÓóáøóãó: " «Åöäøó Çááøóåó ÈóÚóËóäöí
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(1) ÓóÈóÞó åóÐóÇ ÇáúÍóÏöíËõ ÝöíãóÇ ãóÖóì 2/419 - 420
(2) ÓóÈóÞó åóÐóÇ ÇáúÍóÏöíËõ ãöäú ÞóÈúáõ ÚöÏøóÉó ãóÑøóÇÊò. ÇäúÙõÑú 1/512.(8/549)
Åöáóíúßõãú ÝóÞõáúÊõãú: ßóÐóÈúÊó¡ æóÞóÇáó ÃóÈõæ ÈóßúÑò: ÕóÏóÞúÊó (1) ¡ æóæóÇÓóÇäöí ÈöäóÝúÓöåö æóãóÇáöåö¡ Ýóåóáú ÃóäúÊõãú ÊóÇÑößõæ áöí ÕóÇÍöÈöí¿ " ãóÑøóÊóíúäö» (2) .
æóÑóæóì ÇáúÈõÎóÇÑöíøõ Úóäö ÇÈúäö ÚóÈøóÇÓò ÞóÇáó «ÎóÑóÌó ÑóÓõæáõ Çááøóåö Õóáøóì Çááøóåõ Úóáóíúåö æóÓóáøóãó Ýöí ãóÑóÖöåö ÇáøóÐöí ãóÇÊó Ýöíåö ÚóÇÕöÈðÇ ÑóÃúÓóåõ ÈöÎöÑúÞóÉò¡ ÝóÕóÚöÏó ÇáúãöäúÈóÑó ÝóÍóãöÏó Çááøóåó æóÃóËúäóì Úóáóíúåö¡ Ëõãøó ÞóÇáó: " ãóÇ ãöäó ÇáäøóÇÓö ÃóÍóÏñ Ãóãóäøõ Úóáóíøó Ýöí ãóÇáöåö æóäóÝúÓöåö ãöäú ÃóÈöí ÈóßúÑö Èúäö ÃóÈöí ÞõÍóÇÝóÉó¡ æóáóæú ßõäúÊõ ãõÊøóÎöÐðÇ ÎóáöíáðÇ» " ÝóÐóßóÑó ÊóãóÇãóåõ (3) .
æóÑóæóì ÃóÍúãóÏõ Úóäú ÃóÈöí ãõÚóÇæöíóÉó Úóäö ÇáúÃóÚúãóÔö Úóäú ÃóÈöí ÕóÇáöÍò Úóäú ÃóÈöí åõÑóíúÑóÉó Úóäö ÇáäøóÈöíøö Õóáøóì Çááøóåõ Úóáóíúåö æóÓóáøóãó ÞóÇáó: " «ãóÇ äóÝóÚóäöí ãóÇáñ ãóÇ äóÝóÚóäöí ãóÇáõ ÃóÈöí ÈóßúÑò " ÝóÈóßóì æóÞóÇáó: æóåóáú ÃóäóÇ æóãóÇáöí ÅöáøóÇ áóßó íóÇ ÑóÓõæáó Çááøóåö» ¿ (4) .
æóÑóæóì ÇáÒøõåúÑöíøõ Úóäú ÓóÚöíÏö Èúäö ÇáúãõÓóíøóÈö ÞóÇáó: ÞóÇáó ÑóÓõæáõ Çááøóåö Õóáøóì Çááøóåõ Úóáóíúåö æóÓóáøóãó: " «ãóÇ ãóÇáõ ÑóÌõáò ãöäó ÇáúãõÓúáöãöíäó ÃóäúÝóÚõ áöí ãöäú ãóÇáö ÃóÈöí ÈóßúÑò " æóãöäúåõ ÃóÚúÊóÞó ÈöáóÇáðÇ» ¡ æóßóÇäó íóÞúÖöí Ýöí ãóÇáö ÃóÈöí ÈóßúÑò ßóãóÇ íóÞúÖöí ÇáÑøóÌõáõ Ýöí ãóÇáö äóÝúÓöåö.
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(1) ä¡ Ó: ÕóÏóÞó
(2) ÓóÈóÞó åóÐóÇ ÇáúÍóÏöíËõ Ýöí åóÐóÇ ÇáúÌõÒúÁö
(3) ÇäúÙõÑú ãóÇ ÓóÈóÞó 1/512
(4) ÓóÈóÞó åóÐóÇ ÇáúÍóÏöíËõ ÝöíãóÇ ãóÖóì 5/21.(8/550)
[ÝÕá ßóÇäó ÇáäøóÈöíøõ Õóáøóì Çááøóåõ Úóáóíúåö æóÓóáøóãó ÞóÈúáó ÇáúåöÌúÑóÉö ÛóäöíøðÇ ÈöãóÇáö ÎóÏöíÌóÉó æóáóãú íóÍúÊóÌú Åöáóì ÇáúÍóÑúÈö]
ÝóÕúáñ.
æóÞóæúáõåõ: (1) " ßóÇäó ÇáäøóÈöíøõ Õóáøóì Çááøóåõ Úóáóíúåö æóÓóáøóãó ÞóÈúáó ÇáúåöÌúÑóÉö ÛóäöíøðÇ ÈöãóÇáö ÎóÏöíÌóÉó¡ æóáóãú íóÍúÊóÌú Åöáóì ÇáúÍóÑúÈö " (2) .
æóÇáúÌóæóÇÈõ: Ãóäøó ÅöäúÝóÇÞó ÃóÈöí ÈóßúÑò áóãú íóßõäú äóÝóÞóÉð Úóáóì ÇáäøóÈöíøö (3) Õóáøóì Çááøóåõ Úóáóíúåö æóÓóáøóãó Ýöí ØóÚóÇãöåö æóßõÓúæóÊöåö¡ ÝóÅöäøó Çááøóåó ÞóÏú ÃóÛúäóì ÑóÓõæáóåõ Úóäú ãóÇáö ÇáúÎóáúÞö ÃóÌúãóÚöíäó¡ Èóáú ßóÇäó ãóÚõæäóÉð áóåõ Úóáóì ÅöÞóÇãóÉö ÇáúÅöíãóÇäö¡ ÝóßóÇäó ÅöäúÝóÇÞõåõ ÝöíãóÇ íõÍöÈøõåõ Çááøóåõ æóÑóÓõæáõåõ áóÇ äóÝóÞóÉð Úóáóì äóÝúÓö ÇáÑøóÓõæáö¡ ÝóÇÔúÊóÑóì ÇáúãõÚóÐøóÈöíäó ãöËúáó ÈöáóÇáò æóÚóÇãöÑó Èúäó ÝõåóíúÑóÉó æóÒõäóíúÑóÉó æóÌóãóÇÚóÉð.
ÝóÕúáñ.
æóÞóæúáõåõ (4) : " æóÈóÚúÏó ÇáúåöÌúÑóÉö áóãú íóßõäú áöÃóÈöí ÈóßúÑò ÔóíúÁñ ÃóáúÈóÊøóÉó ".
ÝóåóÐóÇ ßóÐöÈñ ÙóÇåöÑñ¡ Èóáú ßóÇäó íõÚöíäõ ÇáäøóÈöíøó Õóáøóì Çááøóåõ Úóáóíúåö æóÓóáøóãó ÈöãóÇáöåö æóÞóÏú ÍóËøó ÇáäøóÈöíøõ Õóáøóì Çááøóåõ Úóáóíúåö æóÓóáøóãó Úóáóì ÇáÕøóÏóÞóÉö¡ ÝóÌóÇÁó ÈöãóÇáöåö ßõáøöåö¡ æóÃóÕúÍóÇÈõ ÇáÕøõÝøóÉö ßóÇäõæÇ ÝõÞóÑóÇÁó¡ ÝóÍóËøó ÇáäøóÈöíøõ Õóáøóì Çááøóåõ Úóáóíúåö æóÓóáøóãó Úóáóì
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(1) Ýöí (ß) Õ 200 (ã) - 201 (ã) æóÓóÈóÞó ÝöíãóÇ ãóÖóì Ýöí åóÐóÇ ÇáúÌõÒúÁö.
(2) ß: Åöáóì ÇáúÍóÑúÈö æóÊóÌúåöíÒö ÇáúÌõíõæÔö.
(3) ã: äóÝóÞóÉð áöáäøóÈöíøö.
(4) Ýöí " ß " Õ 201 (ã) æóÓóÈóÞó ÅöíÑóÇÏõåõ Ýöí åóÐóÇ ÇáúÌõÒúÁö.(8/551)
ØõÚúãóÊöåöãú¡ ÝóÐóåóÈó ÈöËóáóÇËóÉò¡ ßóãóÇ Ýöí ÇáÕøóÍöíÍóíúäö Úóäú ÚóÈúÏö ÇáÑøóÍúãóäö Èúäö ÃóÈöí ÈóßúÑò (1) ¡ ÞóÇáó: «Åöäøó ÃóÕúÍóÇÈó ÇáÕøõÝøóÉö ßóÇäõæÇ äóÇÓðÇ ÝóÞóÑóÇÁó¡ æóÅöäøó ÇáäøóÈöíøó Õóáøóì Çááøóåõ Úóáóíúåö æóÓóáøóãó ÞóÇáó ãóÑøóÉð: " ãóäú ßóÇäó ÚöäúÏóåõ ØóÚóÇãõ ÇËúäóíúäö ÝóáúíóÐúåóÈú ÈöËóÇáöËò¡ æóãóäú ßóÇäó ÚöäúÏóåõ ØóÚóÇãõ ÃóÑúÈóÚóÉò ÝóáúíóÐúåóÈú ÈöÎóÇãöÓò æóÓóÇÏöÓò¡ Ãóæú ßóãóÇ ÞóÇáó: æóÅöäøó ÃóÈóÇ ÈóßúÑò ÌóÇÁó ÈöËóáóÇËóÉò¡ æóÇäúØóáóÞó äóÈöíøõ Çááøóåö Õóáøóì Çááøóåõ Úóáóíúåö æóÓóáøóãó ÈöÚóÔóÑóÉò» æóÐóßóÑó ÇáúÍóÏöíËó (2) .
æóÑóæóì ÒóíúÏõ Èúäõ ÃóÓúáóãó Úóäú ÃóÈöíåö ÞóÇáó: «ÞóÇáó ÚõãóÑõ: ÃóãóÑóäóÇ ÑóÓõæáõ Çááøóåö Õóáøóì Çááøóåõ Úóáóíúåö æóÓóáøóãó Ãóäú äóÊóÕóÏøóÞó æóæóÇÝóÞó Ðóáößó ãóÇáðÇ ÚöäúÏöí¡ ÝóÞõáúÊõ: Çáúíóæúãó ÃóÓúÈöÞõ ÃóÈóÇ ÈóßúÑò Åöäú ÓóÈóÞúÊõåõ íóæúãðÇ¡ ÝóÌöÆúÊõ ÈöäöÕúÝö ãóÇáöí¡ ÝóÞóÇáó ÇáäøóÈöíøõ Õóáøóì Çááøóåõ Úóáóíúåö æóÓóáøóãó: ãóÇ ÃóÈúÞóíúÊó áöÃóåúáößó¿ ÝóÞõáúÊõ: ãöËúáóåõ¡ ÞóÇáó: æóÃóÊóì ÃóÈõæ ÈóßúÑò Èößõáøö ãóÇáò ÚöäúÏóåõ ÝóÞóÇáó: " íóÇ ÃóÈóÇ ÈóßúÑò ãóÇ ÃóÈúÞóíúÊó áöÃóåúáößó "¡ ÝóÞóÇáó: ÃóÈúÞóíúÊõ áóåõãõ Çááøóåó æóÑóÓõæáóåõ¡ ÝóÞõáúÊõ: áóÇ ÃõÓóÇÈöÞõßó Åöáóì ÔóíúÁò ÃóÈóÏðÇ» ¡ ÑóæóÇåõ ÃóÈõæ ÏóÇæõÏó æóÇáÊøöÑúãöÐöíøõ¡ æóÞóÇáó: ÍóÏöíËñ ÕóÍöíÍñ (3) .
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(1) ä¡ ã¡ Ó: ÚóÈúÏö ÇáÑøóÍúãóäö Èúäö ÃóÈöí ÈóßúÑóÉó¡ æóåõæó ÎóØóÃñ.
(2) ÇáúÍóÏöíËõ Úóäú ÚóÈúÏö ÇáÑøóÍúãóäö Èúäö ÃóÈöí ÈóßúÑò ÑóÖöíó Çááøóåõ ÚóäúåõãóÇ Ýöí: ÇáúÈõÎóÇÑöíøö 1/120 (ßöÊóÇÈõ ÇáúãóæóÇÞöíÊö¡ ÈóÇÈõ ÇáÓøóãóÑö ãóÚó ÇáÖøóíúÝö æóÇáúÃóåúáö) ¡ 4/194 (ßöÊóÇÈõ ÇáúãóäóÇÞöÈö¡ ÈóÇÈõ ÚóáóÇãóÇÊö ÇáäøõÈõæøóÉö Ýöí ÇáúÅöÓúáóÇãö¡ ÇáúãõÓúäóÏö (Ø. ÇáúãóÚóÇÑöÝö) ÇáúÃóÑúÞóÇãõ 1702¡ 1704¡ 1712¡ 1713.
(3) ÓóÈóÞó åóÐóÇ ÇáúÍóÏöíËõ ÝöíãóÇ ãóÖóì 2/52.(8/552)
[ÝÕá Þæá ßáÇã ÇáÑÇÝÖí áæ ÃäÝÞ ÃÈæ ÈßÑ áæÌÈ Ãä íäÒá Ýíå ÞÑÂä ãËá Úáí ÑÖí Çááå ÚäåãÇ æÇáÑÏ Úáíå]
ÝóÕúáñ.
æóÃóãøóÇ Þóæúáõåõ (1) : " Ëõãøó áóæú ÃóäúÝóÞó áóæóÌóÈó Ãóäú íóäúÒöáó Ýöíåö ÞõÑúÂäñ¡ ßóãóÇ ÃõäúÒöáó (2) Ýöí Úóáöíøò {åóáú ÃóÊóì} [ÓõæÑóÉõ ÇáúÅöäúÓóÇäö: 1] (3) .
æóÇáúÌóæóÇÈõ: ÃóãøóÇ äõÒõæáõ: {åóáú ÃóÊóì} Ýöí Úóáöíøò ÝóãöãøóÇ ÇÊøóÝóÞó Ãóåúáõ ÇáúÚöáúãö ÈöÇáúÍóÏöíËö Úóáóì Ãóäøóåõ ßóÐöÈñ ãóæúÖõæÚñ¡ æóÅöäøóãóÇ íõÐúßõÑõåõ ãöäó ÇáúãõÝóÓøöÑöíäó ãóäú ÌóÑóÊú ÚóÇÏóÊõåõ ÈöÐößúÑö ÃóÔúíóÇÁó ãöäó ÇáúãóæúÖõæÚóÇÊö¡ æóÇáÏøóáöíáõ ÇáÙøóÇåöÑõ Úóáóì Ãóäøóåõ ßóÐöÈñ Ãóäøó ÓõæÑóÉó {åóáú ÃóÊóì} ãóßøöíøóÉñ ÈöÇÊøöÝóÇÞö ÇáäøóÇÓö¡ äóÒóáóÊú ÞóÈúáó ÇáúåöÌúÑóÉö¡ æóÞóÈúáó Ãóäú íóÊóÒóæøóÌó Úóáöíøñ ÈöÝóÇØöãóÉó¡ æóíõæóáóÏó ÇáúÍóÓóäõ æóÇáúÍõÓóíúäõ¡ æóÞóÏú ÈõÓöØó ÇáúßóáóÇãõ Úóáóì åóÐöåö ÇáúÞóÖöíøóÉö Ýöí ÛóíúÑö ãóæúÖöÚò¡ æóáóãú íóäúÒöáú ÞóØøõ ÞõÑúÂäñ Ýöí ÅöäúÝóÇÞö Úóáöíøò ÈöÎõÕõæÕöåö ; áöÃóäøóåõ áóãú íóßõäú áóåõ ãóÇáñ¡ Èóáú ßóÇäó ÞóÈúáó ÇáúåöÌúÑóÉö Ýöí ÚöíóÇáö ÇáäøóÈöíøö Õóáøóì Çááøóåõ Úóáóíúåö æóÓóáøóãó¡ æóÈóÚúÏó ÇáúåöÌúÑóÉö ßóÇäó ÃóÍúíóÇäðÇ íõÄóÌøöÑõ äóÝúÓóåõ: ßõáøõ Ïóáúæò ÈöÊóãúÑóÉò¡ æóáóãøóÇ ÊóÒóæøóÌó ÈöÝóÇØöãóÉó áóãú íóßõäú áóåõ ãóåúÑñ (4) ÅöáøóÇ ÏöÑúÚóåõ¡ æóÅöäøóãóÇ ÃóäúÝóÞó Úóáóì ÇáúÚõÑúÓö ãóÇ ÍóÕóáó áóåõ ãöäú ÛóÒúæóÉö ÈóÏúÑò.
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(1) Ýöí " ß " Õ 201 (ã) . æóÓóÈóÞó Ýöí åóÐóÇ ÇáúÌõÒúÁö.
(2) ã¡ Ó¡ È: ÃóäúÒóáó
(3) ä¡ Ó¡ È: åóáú ÃóÊóì Úóáóì ÇáúÅöäúÓóÇäö Íöíäñ.
(4) Ó¡ È: ãóÇáñ.(8/553)
æóÝöí ÇáÕøóÍöíÍóíúäö Úóäú Úóáöíøò ÑóÖöíó Çááøóåõ Úóäúåõ ÞóÇáó: ßóÇäóÊú áöí ÔóÇÑöÝñ (1) ãöäú äóÕöíÈöí ãöäó ÇáúãóÛúäóãö íóæúãó ÈóÏúÑò¡ æóÃóÚúØóÇäöí ÑóÓõæáõ Çááøóåö Õóáøóì Çááøóåõ Úóáóíúåö æóÓóáøóãó ÔóÇÑöÝðÇ ãöäó ÇáúÎõãúÓö¡ ÝóáóãøóÇ ÃóÑóÏúÊõ Ãóäú ÃóÈóÊóäöíó ÈöÝóÇØöãóÉó (2) æóÇÚóÏúÊõ ÑóÌõáðÇ ÕóæøóÇÛðÇ ãöäú Èóäöí ÞóíúäõÞóÇÚó íóÑúÊóÍöáõ ãóÚöí¡ ÝóäóÃúÊöí ÈöÅöÐúÎöÑò (3) ÃóÑóÏúÊõ Ãóäú ÃóÈöíÚóåõ ãöäó ÇáÕøóæøóÇÛöíäó ÝóÃóÓúÊóÚöíäó Èöåö Ýöí æóáöíãóÉö ÚõÑúÓöí¡ ÝóÈóíúäóÇ ÃóäóÇ ÃóÌúãóÚõ (4) áöÔóÇÑöÝóíøó ãóÊóÇÚðÇ ãöäó ÇáúÃóÞúÊóÇÈö (5) æóÇáúÛóÑóÇÆöÑö æóÇáúÍöÈóÇáö¡ æóÔóÇÑöÝóÇíó ãõäóÇÎóÇäö Åöáóì (6) ÌóÇäöÈö ÈóíúÊö ÑóÌõáò ãöäó ÇáúÃóäúÕóÇÑö¡ ÞóÇáó: æóÍóãúÒóÉõ íóÔúÑóÈõ Ýöí Ðóáößó ÇáúÈóíúÊö¡ æóÞóíúäóÉñ (7) ÊõÛóäøöíåö¡ ÝóÞóÇáóÊú: ÃóáóÇ íóÇ ÍóãúÒõ (8) áöáÔøõÑõÝö ÇáäøöæóÇÁö (9) .
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(1) ÞóÇáó ÇÈúäõ ÍóÌóÑò Ýöí " ÝóÊúÍö ÇáúÈóÇÑöí " 6/199 " ÇáÔøóÇÑöÝõ: ÇáúãõÓöäøõ ãöäó ÇáäøõæÞö¡ æóáóÇ íõÞóÇáõ áöáÐøóßóÑö Úóáóì ÇáúÃóßúËóÑö.
(2) ÃóÈúÊóäöíó ÈöÝóÇØöãóÉó: Ãóíú ÃóÏúÎõáó ÈöåóÇ.
(3) ÞóÇáó ÇÈúäõ ÇáúÃóËöíÑö Ýöí " ÇáäøöåóÇíóÉö Ýöí ÛóÑöíÈö ÇáúÍóÏöíËö ": " ÇáúÅöÐúÎöÑö ÈößóÓúÑö ÇáúåóãúÒóÉö: ÍóÔöíÔóÉñ ØóíøöÈóÉõ ÇáÑøóÇÆöÍóÉö ÊõÓóÞøóÝõ ÈöåóÇ ÇáúÈõíõæÊõ ÝóæúÞó ÇáúÎóÔóÈö ".
(4) ä¡ ã: Ãóäú äóÌúãóÚó. æóÇáúãõËúÈóÊõ Ýöí ÇáúÈõÎóÇÑöíøö æóãõÓúáöãò.
(5) Ýöí " ÇáúãõÚúÌóãö ÇáúæóÓöíØö " " ÇáúÞóÊóÈõ: ÇáÑøóÍúáõ ÇáÕøóÛöíÑõ Úóáóì ÞóÏúÑö ÓóäóÇãö ÇáúÈóÚöíÑö. æóÇáúÌóãúÚõ ÃóÞúÊóÇÈñ ".
(6) ã: Ýöí.
(7) ÇáúÞóíúäóÉõ: åöíó ÇáúÌóÇÑöíóÉõ ÇáúãõÛóäøöíóÉõ.
(8) ä: ÎóãúÑõ¡ æóåõæó ÊóÍúÑöíÝñ.
(9) ÞóÇáó ÇÈúäõ ÍóÌóÑò Ýöí " ÝóÊúÍö ÇáúÈóÇÑöí " 6/200 " æóÇáÔøõÑõÝõ: ÌóãúÚõ ÔóÇÑöÝò ßóãóÇ ÊóÞóÏøóãó¡ æóÇáäøöæóÇÁõ: ÈößóÓúÑö Çáäøõæäö¡ æóÇáúãóÏøõ ãõÎóÝøóÝðÇ: ÌõãóÚõ äóÇæöíóÉò æóåöíó ÇáäøóÇÞóÉõ ÇáÓøóãöíäóÉõ. . æóÍóßóì ÇáúãóÑúÒõÈóÇäöíøõ Ýöí " ãõÚúÌóãö ÇáÔøõÚóÑóÇÁö " Ãóäøó åóÐóÇ ÇáÔøöÚúÑó áöÚóÈúÏö Çááøóåö Èúäö ÇáÓøóÇÆöÈö Èúäö ÃóÈöí ÇáÓøóÇÆöÈö ÇáúãóÎúÒõæãöíøö ÇáúãóÏóäöíøö¡ æóÈóÞöíøóÊõåõ¡ " æóåõäøó ãõÚóÞøóáóÇÊñ ÈöÇáúÝóäóÇÁö ". . æóÃóÑóÇÏó ÇáøóÐöí äóÙóãó åóÐóÇ ÇáÔøöÚúÑó¡ æóÃóãóÑó ÇáúÞóíúäóÉó Ãóäú ÊõÛóäøöíó Èöåö Ãóäú íóÈúÚóËó åöãøóÉó ÍóãúÒóÉó áöãóÇ ÚõÑöÝó ãöäú ßóÑóãöåö Úóáóì äóÍúÑö ÇáäøóÇÞóÊóíúäö áöíóÃúßõáõæÇ ãöäú áóÍúãöåóÇ. . . æóÞóæúáõåõ. . íóÇ ÍóãúÒõ: ÊóÑúÎöíãñ æóåõæó ÈöÝóÊúÍö ÇáÒøóÇíö æóíóÌõæÒõ ÖóãøõåóÇ æóÐóßóÑó ÇáúÈóíúÊó ÃóíúÖðÇ ÇÈúäõ ÇáúÃóËöíÑö Ýöí " ÇáäøöåóÇíóÉö Ýöí ÛóÑöíÈö ÇáúÍóÏöíËö " ãóÇÏøóÉõ " ÔóÑóÝó ".(8/554)
ÝóËóÇÑó ÅöáóíúåóÇ ÍóãúÒóÉõ¡ ÝóÇÌúÊóÈøó ÃóÓúäöãóÊóåóÇ (1) ¡ æóÈóÞóÑóåõ (2) ÎóæóÇÕöÑóåóÇ " æóÐóßóÑó ÇáúÍóÏöíËó (3) Ýöí ÇáúÈõÎóÇÑöíøö (4) æóÐóáößó ÞóÈúáó ÊóÍúÑöíãö ÇáúÎóãúÑö.
æóÃóãøóÇ ÇáÕøöÏøöíÞõ ÑóÖöíó Çááøóåõ Úóäúåõ Ýóßõáøõ ÂíóÉò äóÒóáóÊú Ýöí ãóÏúÍö ÇáúãõäúÝöÞöíäó Ýöí ÓóÈöíáö Çááøóåö Ýóåõæó Ãóæøóáõ ÇáúãõÑóÇÏöíäó ÈöåóÇ ãöäó ÇáúÃõãøóÉö ãöËúáó Þóæúáöåö ÊóÚóÇáóì: {áóÇ íóÓúÊóæöí ãöäúßõãú ãóäú ÃóäúÝóÞó ãöäú ÞóÈúáö ÇáúÝóÊúÍö æóÞóÇÊóáó ÃõæáóÆößó ÃóÚúÙóãõ ÏóÑóÌóÉð ãöäó ÇáøóÐöíäó ÃóäúÝóÞõæÇ ãöäú ÈóÚúÏõ æóÞóÇÊóáõæÇ} [ÓõæÑóÉõ ÇáúÍóÏöíÏö: 10] ¡ æóÃóÈõæ ÈóßúÑò ÃóÝúÖóáõ åóÄõáóÇÁö æóÃóæøóáõåõãú.
æóßóÐóáößó Þóæúáõåõ {ÇáøóÐöíäó ÂãóäõæÇ æóåóÇÌóÑõæÇ æóÌóÇåóÏõæÇ Ýöí ÓóÈöíáö Çááøóåö ÈöÃóãúæóÇáöåöãú æóÃóäúÝõÓöåöãú} [ÓõæÑóÉõ ÇáÊøóæúÈóÉö: 20] .
æóÞóæúáõåõ: {æóÓóíõÌóäøóÈõåóÇ ÇáúÃóÊúÞóì - ÇáøóÐöí íõÄúÊöí ãóÇáóåõ íóÊóÒóßøóì} [ÓõæÑóÉõ Çááøóíúáö: 18] ÝóÐóßóÑó ÇáúãõÝóÓøöÑõæäó ãöËúáõ ÇÈúäö ÌóÑöíÑò ÇáØøóÈóÑöíøö æóÚóÈúÏö ÇáÑøóÍúãóäö Èúäö ÃóÈöí ÍóÇÊöãò æóÛóíúÑöåöãóÇ ÈöÇáúÃóÓóÇäöíÏö Úóäú ÚõÑúæóÉó Èúäö ÇáÒøõÈóíúÑö æóÚóÈúÏö Çááøóåö Èúäö ÇáÒøõÈóíúÑö æóÓóÚöíÏö Èúäö ÇáúãõÓóíøóÈö æóÛóíúÑöåöãú ÃóäøóåóÇ äóÒóáóÊú Ýöí ÃóÈöí ÈóßúÑò.
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(1) ÇáúÌóÈøõ: ÇáöÇÓúÊöÆúÕóÇáõ Ýöí ÇáúÞóØúÚö¡ æóÇáÓøóäóÇãö: ãóÇ Úóáóì ÙóåúÑö ÇáúÈóÚöíÑö.
(2) ÈóÞóÑó: Ãóíú ÔóÞøó.
(3) ÇáúÍóÏöíËõ Úóäú Úóáöíøö Èúäö ÃóÈöí ØóÇáöÈò ÑóÖöíó Çááøóåõ Úóäúåõ Ýöí: ÇáúÈõÎóÇÑöíøö 4/78 - 79 (ßöÊóÇÈõ ÝóÑúÖö ÇáúÎõãúÓö¡ ÈóÇÈõ ÝóÑúÖö ÇáúÎõãúÓö) ¡ 5/82 - 83 (ßöÊóÇÈõ ÇáúãóÛóÇÒöí¡ ÈóÇÈõ ÍóÏøóËóäöí ÎóáöíÝóÉõ¡ ÍóÏøóËóäóÇ ãõÍóãøóÏõ Èúäõ ÚóÈúÏö Çááøóåö ÇáúÃóäúÕóÇÑöíøõ¡ ãõÓúáöãò 3/1586 - 1570 (ßöÊóÇÈõ ÇáúÃóÔúÑöÈóÉö¡ ÈóÇÈõ ÊóÍúÑöíãö ÇáúÎóãúÑö.) .
(4) ä¡ Ó¡ È: ÞóÇáó ÇáúÈõÎóÇÑöíøõ: æóÇáúãõËúÈóÊõ ãöäú (ã) æóáóãú ÃóÌöÏö ÇáúßóáóÇãó ÇáÊøóÇáöíó Ýöí ÇáúÈõÎóÇÑöíøö Ýöí ÇáúãóæúÖöÚóíúäö ÇáúãõÔóÇÑö ÅöáóíúåöãóÇ Ýöí ÇáÊøóÚúáöíÞö ÇáÓøóÇÈöÞö.(8/555)
[ÝÕá Þæá ÇáÑÇÝÖí Åä ÃÈÇ ÈßÑ áã íÞÏã Ýí ÇáÕáÇÉ æÃä ÇáäÈí Õáì Çááå Úáíå æÓáã äÍÇå æÇáÑÏ Úáíå]
ÝóÕúáñ
ÞóÇáó ÇáÑøóÇÝöÖöíøõ (1) : æóÃóãøóÇ ÊóÞúÏöíãõåõ Ýöí ÇáÕøóáóÇÉö ÝóÎóØóÃñ¡ áöÃóäøó ÈöáóÇáðÇ áóãøóÇ ÃóÐøóäó ÈöÇáÕøóáóÇÉö (2) ¡ ÃóãóÑóÊú ÚóÇÆöÔóÉõ Ãóäú íõÞóÏøóãó ÃóÈóÇ ÈóßúÑò (3) ÝóáóãøóÇ ÃóÝóÇÞó ÑóÓõæáõ Çááøóåö Õóáøóì Çááøóåõ Úóáóíúåö æóÓóáøóãó ÓóãöÚó ÇáÊøóßúÈöíÑó¡ ÝóÞóÇáó: ãóäú íõÕóáøöí (4) ÈöÇáäøóÇÓö ÝóÞóÇáõæÇ: ÃóÈõæ ÈóßúÑò ÝóÞóÇáó: ÃóÎúÑöÌõæäöí ÝóÎóÑóÌó Èóíúäó Úóáöíøò æóÇáúÚóÈøóÇÓö ÝóäóÍøóÇåõ (5) Úóäö ÇáúÞöÈúáóÉö æóÚóÒóáóåõ Úóäö ÇáÕøóáóÇÉö¡ æóÊóæóáøóì ÇáÕøóáóÇÉó " (6) .
æóÇáúÌóæóÇÈõ: Ãóäøó åóÐóÇ ãöäó ÇáúßóÐöÈö ÇáúãóÚúáõæãö ÚöäúÏó ÌóãöíÚö Ãóåúáö ÇáúÚöáúãö ÈöÇáúÍóÏöíËö¡ æóíõÞóÇáõ áóåõ: ÃóæøóáðÇ: ãóäú ÐóßóÑó ãóÇ äóÞóáúÊóåõ ÈöÅöÓúäóÇÏò íóæúËóÞõ [Èöåö] ¿ (7) æóåóáú åóÐóÇ
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(1) Ýöí (ß) Õ 201 (ã) æóÓóÈóÞó ÅöíÑóÇÏõ åóÐóÇ ÇáúßóáóÇãö Ýöí åóÐóÇ ÇáúÌõÒúÁö.
(2) ß áöáÕøóáóÇÉö
(3) ß: Ãóäú íõÞóÏøóãó ÃóÈõæåóÇ. æóÈóÚúÏó åóÐöåö ÇáúÚöÈóÇÑóÇÊö ÊõæÌóÏõ ÇáúÚöÈóÇÑóÇÊõ ÇáÊøóÇáöíóÉõ ÇáøóÊöí áóãú ÊóÑöÏõ Ýöí ÌóãöíÚö ÇáäøõÓóÎö " æóÑóÓõæáõ Çááøóåö Õóáøóì Çááøóåõ Úóáóíúåö æóÓóáøóãó Ýöí ÍóÇáö ÇáúãóÑóÖö ÇáÔøóÏöíÏö¡ æóÇáÕøóÍóÇÈóÉõ Ýöí ÇáúãóÓúÌöÏö¡ æóÓóãöÚõæÇ ÍóÇáó ÇáäøóÈöíøö Õóáøóì Çááøóåõ Úóáóíúåö æóÓóáøóãó æóÂáöåö Ýóßõáøõåõãú Ýöí ÍõÒúäò æóÈõßóÇÁò ÛóÑúæó ÈõßóÇÁò¡ æóÝóÇÊó ÇáÕøóáóÇÉó.
(4) ß: ÓóãöÚó ÇáÊøóßúÈöíÑó ãöäó ÇáÕøóÍóÇÈóÉö¡ æóÓóãöÚó Þóæúáó ÚóÇÆöÔóÉó æóÞóæúáó ÍóÝúÕóÉó áöÃóÈöíåóÇ ÚõãóÑó¡ æóÊóÔóæøõÔó ÇáúÃóÍúæóÇáö æóÊóÝóÑøõÞó ÇáúÞóæúãö ÓóÃóáó ãóäú íõÕóáøöí. . .
(5) ß: Èóíúäó Úóáöíøò Úóáóíúåö ÇáÓøóáóÇãõ æóÇáúÚóÈøóÇÓö¡ æóÐóåóÈó Åöáóì ÇáúãóÓúÌöÏö ÝóÑóÃóì ÃóÈóÇ ÈóßúÑò Ýöí ÇáúãöÍúÑóÇÈö ÝóäóÍøóÇåõ
(6) ß: æóÚóÒóáóåõ æóÊóæóáøóì åõæó ÇáÕøóáóÇÉó.
(7) Èöåö: Ýöí (ã) ÝóÞóØú. .(8/556)
ÅöáøóÇ Ýöí ßõÊõÈö ãóäú äóÞóáóåõ ãõÑúÓóáðÇ ãöäó ÇáÑøóÇÝöÖóÉö¡ ÇáøóÐöíäó åõãú ãóäú ÃóßúÐöÈö ÇáäøóÇÓö æóÃóÌúåóáöåöãú ÈöÃóÍúæóÇáö ÇáÑøóÓõæáö ãöËúáö ÇáúãõÝöíÏö Èúäö ÇáäøõÚúãóÇäö¡ æóÇáúßóÑóÇÌößöíøö æóÃóãúËóÇáöåöãóÇ ãöäó ÇáøóÐöíäó åõãú ãöäú ÃóÈúÚóÏö ÇáäøóÇÓö Úóäú ãóÚúÑöÝóÉö ÍóÇáö ÇáÑøóÓõæáö æóÃóÞúæóÇáöåö æóÃóÚúãóÇáöåö¿ .
æóíõÞóÇáõ: ËóÇäöíðÇ: åóÐóÇ ßóáóÇãõ ÌóÇåöáò íóÙõäøõ Ãóäøó ÃóÈóÇ ÈóßúÑò áóãú íõÕóáøö Èöåöãú ÅöáøóÇ ÕóáóÇÉð æóÇÍöÏóÉð¡ æóÃóåúáõ ÇáúÚöáúãö íóÚúáóãõæäó Ãóäøóåõ áóãú íóÒóáú íõÕóáøöí Èöåöãú ÍóÊøóì ãóÇÊó ÑóÓõæáõ Çááøóåö - Õóáøóì Çááøóåõ Úóáóíúåö æóÓóáøóãó - ÈöÅöÐúäöåö æóÇÓúÊöÎúáóÇÝöåö áóåõ Ýöí ÇáÕøóáóÇÉö¡ ÈóÚúÏó Ãóäú ÑóÇÌóÚóÊúåõ ÚóÇÆöÔóÉõ æóÍóÝúÕóÉõ Ýöí Ðóáößó æóÕóáøóì Èöåöãú ÃóíøóÇãðÇ ãõÊóÚóÏøöÏóÉð¡ æóßóÇäó ÞóÏö ÇÓúÊóÎúáóÝóåõ Ýöí ÇáÕøóáóÇÉö ÞóÈúáó Ðóáößó¡ áóãøóÇ ÐóåóÈó Åöáóì Èóäöí ÚóãúÑöæ Èúäö ÚóæúÝò áöíõÕúáöÍó Èóíúäóåõãú¡ æóáóãú íõäúÞóáú Ãóäøó ÇáäøóÈöíøó Õóáøóì Çááøóåõ Úóáóíúåö æóÓóáøóãó ÇÓúÊóÎúáóÝó Ýöí ÛóíúÈóÊöåö Úóáóì ÇáÕøóáóÇÉö¡ Ýöí ÛóíúÑö ÓóÝóÑò Ýöí ÍóÇáö ÛóíúÈóÊöåö¡ æóÝöí ãóÑóÖöåö (1) ÅöáøóÇ ÃóÈóÇ ÈóßúÑò æóáóßöäøó ÚóÈúÏó ÇáÑøóÍúãóäö Èúäö ÚóæúÝò Õóáøóì ÈöÇáúãõÓúáöãöíäó ãóÑøóÉð ÕóáóÇÉó ÇáúÝóÌúÑö Ýöí ÇáÓøóÝóÑö ÚóÇãó ÊóÈõæßó¡ áöÃóäøó ÇáäøóÈöíøó Õóáøóì Çááøóåõ Úóáóíúåö æóÓóáøóãó ßóÇäó ÞóÏú ÐóåóÈó áöíóÞúÖöíó ÍóÇÌóÊóåõ ÝóÊóÃóÎøóÑó¡ æóÞóÏøóãó ÇáúãõÓúáöãõæäó ÚóÈúÏó ÇáÑøóÍúãóäö Èúäö ÚóæúÝò¡ ÝóáóãøóÇ ÌóÇÁó ÇáäøóÈöíøõ Õóáøóì Çááøóåõ Úóáóíúåö æóÓóáøóãó æóãóÚóåõ ÇáúãõÛöíÑóÉõ Èúäõ ÔõÚúÈóÉó¡ æóßóÇäó ÇáäøóÈöíøõ Õóáøóì Çááøóåõ Úóáóíúåö æóÓóáøóãó ÞóÏú ÊóæóÖøóÃó æóãóÓóÍó Úóáóì ÎõÝøóíúåö ÝóÃóÏúÑóßó ãóÚóåõ (2) ÑóßúÚóÉð¡ æóÞóÖóì ÑóßúÚóÉð¡ æóÃóÚúÌóÈóåõ ãóÇ ÝóÚóáõæåõ ãöäú ÕóáóÇÊöåöãú (3)
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(1) Ó¡ È Ýöí ÍóÇáö ÓóÝóÑò¡ æóÝöí (Ó: Ýöí) ÍóÇáö ÛóíúÈóÊöåö Ýöí ãóÑóÖöåö. .
(2) ä¡ ã¡ Ó: ÝóÃóÏúÑóßó ÈóÚúÖóåõãú ãóÚóåõ. .¡ æóåõæó ÎóØóÃñ
(3) ä: æóÃóÚúÌóÈóåõ ãóÇ ÝóÚóáóåõ ãöäú ÕóáóÇÊöåöãú¡ Ó: æóÃóÚúÌóÈóåõ ãóÇ ÝóÚóáóåõ ãöäú ÕóáóæóÇÊöåöãú¡ È: æóÃóÚúÌóÈóåõ ãóÇ ÝóÚóáóåõ ãöäú ÕöáóÇÊöåö.(8/557)
áóãøóÇ ÊóÃóÎøóÑó (1) ¡ ÝóåóÐóÇ ÅöÞúÑóÇÑñ ãöäúåõ Úóáóì ÊóÞúÏöíãö ÚóÈúÏö ÇáÑøóÍúãóäö.
æóßóÇäó ÅöÐóÇ ÓóÇÝóÑó Úóäö ÇáúãóÏöíäóÉö ÇÓúÊóÎúáóÝó ãóäú íóÓúÊóÎúáöÝõåõ íõÕóáøöí ÈöÇáúãõÓúáöãöíäó¡ ßóãóÇ ÇÓúÊóÎúáóÝó ÇÈúäó Ãõãøö ãóßúÊõæãò ÊóÇÑóÉð¡ æóÚóáöíøðÇ ÊóÇÑóÉð Ýöí ÇáÕøóáóÇÉö¡ æóÇÓúÊóÎúáóÝó ÛóíúÑóåõãóÇ ÊóÇÑóÉð.
ÝóÃóãøóÇ Ýöí ÍóÇáö ÛóíúÈóÊöåö æóãóÑóÖöåö (2) Ýóáóãú íóÓúÊóÎúáöÝú ÅöáøóÇ ÃóÈóÇ ÈóßúÑò áóÇ ÚóáöíøðÇ æóáóÇ ÛóíúÑóåõ æóÇÓúÊöÎúáóÇÝõåõ áöáÕøöÏøöíÞö Ýöí ÇáÕøóáóÇÉö ãõÊóæóÇÊöÑñ ËóÇÈöÊñ Ýöí ÇáÕøöÍóÇÍö æóÇáÓøõäóäö æóÇáúãóÓóÇäöÏö ãöäú ÛóíúÑö æóÌúåò¡ ßóãóÇ ÃóÎúÑóÌó ÇáúÈõÎóÇÑöíøõ æóãõÓúáöãñ æóÇÈúäõ ÎõÒóíúãóÉó æóÇÈúäõ ÍöÈøóÇäó æóÛóíúÑõåõãú ãöäú Ãóåúáö ÇáÕøóÍöíÍö Úóäú ÃóÈöí ãõæÓóì ÇáúÃóÔúÚóÑöíøö ÞóÇáó: «ãóÑöÖó ÇáäøóÈöíøõ Õóáøóì Çááøóåõ Úóáóíúåö æóÓóáøóãó ÝóÇÔúÊóÏøó ãóÑóÖõåõ ÝóÞóÇáó: " ãõÑõæÇ ÃóÈóÇ ÈóßúÑò ÝóáúíõÕóáøö ÈöÇáäøóÇÓö¡ ÝóÞóÇáóÊú ÚóÇÆöÔóÉõ: íóÇ ÑóÓõæáó Çááøóåö Åöäøó ÃóÈóÇ ÈóßúÑò ÑóÌõáñ ÑóÞöíÞñ ãóÊóì íóÞõãú ãóÞóÇãóßó áóÇ íóÓúÊóØöíÚõ Ãóäú íõÕóáøöíó ÈöÇáäøóÇÓö¡ ÝóÞóÇáó: " ãõÑöí ÃóÈóÇ ÈóßúÑò ÝóáúíõÕóáøö ÈöÇáäøóÇÓö¡ ÝóÅöäøóßõäøó ÕóæóÇÍöÈõ íõæÓõÝó " ÝóÕóáøóì Èöåöãú ÃóÈõæ ÈóßúÑò Ýöí ÍóíóÇÉö ÑóÓõæáö Çááøóåö Õóáøóì Çááøóåõ Úóáóíúåö æóÓóáøóãó» ¡ æóÐóßóÑó ÇáúÈõÎóÇÑöíøõ (3) Ýöíåö ãõÑóÇÌóÚóÉó ÚóÇÆöÔóÉó áöáäøóÈöíøö Õóáøóì Çááøóåõ Úóáóíúåö æóÓóáøóãó ËóáóÇËó ãóÑøóÇÊò (4) .
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(1) ÇáúÍóÏöíËõ Úóäö ÇáúãõÛöíÑóÉö Èúäö ÔõÚúÈóÉó ÑóÖöíó Çááøóåõ Úóäúåõ Ýöí: ãõÓúáöãò 1/317 - 318 (ßöÊóÇÈõ ÇáÕøóáóÇÉö¡ ÈóÇÈõ ÊóÞúÏöíãö ÇáúÌóãóÇÚóÉö ãóäú íõÕóáøöí Èöåöãú ÅöÐóÇ ÊóÃóÎøóÑó ÇáúÅöãóÇãõ. .) æóÃóæøóáõåõ. Ãóäøó ÇáúãõÛöíÑóÉó Èúäó ÔõÚúÈóÉó ÃóÎúÈóÑóåõ Ãóäøóåõ ÛóÒóÇ ãóÚó ÑóÓõæáö Çááøóåö Õóáøóì Çááøóåõ Úóáóíúåö æóÓóáøóãó ÊóÈõæßó. . . æóÝöíåö: ÝóáóãøóÇ ÞóÖóì ÇáäøóÈöíøõ Õóáøóì Çááøóåõ Úóáóíúåö æóÓóáøóãó ÕóáóÇÊóåõ ÃóÞúÈóáó Úóáóíúåöãú Ëõãøó ÞóÇáó: " ÃóÍúÓóäúÊõãú " Ãóæú ÞóÇáó: " ÞóÏú ÃóÕóÈúÊõãú " íóÛúÈöØõåõãú Ãóäú ÕóáøóæõÇ ÇáÕøóáóÇÉó áöæóÞúÊöåóÇ " æóÇáúÍóÏöíËõ Ýöí: Óõäóäö ÃóÈöí ÏóÇæõÏó 1/73 - 74 (ßöÊóÇÈõ ÇáØøóåóÇÑóÉö¡ ÈóÇÈõ ÇáúãóÓúÍö Úóáóì ÇáúÎõÝøóíúäö) ¡ ÇáúãõÓúäóÏö (Ø. ÇáúãóÚóÇÑöÝö) 3/130 - 131.
(2) Ó¡ È: ÛóíúÈóÊöåö Ýöí ãóÑóÖöåö.
(3) ä: æóÐõßöÑó ÈöÇáúÈõÎóÇÑöíøö Ýöíåö. .
(4) ÓóÈóÞó åóÐóÇ ÇáúÍóÏöíËõ ÝöíãóÇ ãóÖóì 1/512.(8/558)
æóåóÐóÇ ÇáøóÐöí Ýöíåö ãöäú Ãóäøó ÃóÈóÇ ÈóßúÑò Õóáøóì Èöåöãú Ýöí ÍóíóÇÉö ÇáäøóÈöíøö Õóáøóì Çááøóåõ Úóáóíúåö æóÓóáøóãó Ýöí ãóÑóÖöåö Åöáóì Ãóäú ãóÇÊó ãöãøóÇ ÇÊøóÝóÞó Úóáóíúåö ÇáúÚõáóãóÇÁõ ÈöÇáäøóÞúáö¡ ÝóÅöäøó ÇáäøóÈöíøó Õóáøóì Çááøóåõ Úóáóíúåö æóÓóáøóãó ãóÑöÖó ÃóíøóÇãðÇ ãõÊóÚóÏøöÏóÉð ÍóÊøóì ÞóÈóÖóåõ Çááøóåõ Åöáóíúåö¡ æóÝöí Êöáúßó ÇáúÃóíøóÇãö áóãú íóßõäú íõÕóáøöí Èöåöãú ÅöáøóÇ ÃóÈõæ ÈóßúÑò¡ æóÍõÌúÑóÊõåõ Åöáóì ÌóÇäöÈö ÇáúãóÓúÌöÏö¡ ÝóíóãúÊóäöÚõ æóÇáúÍóÇáõ åóÐöåö Ãóäú íóßõæäó ÞóÏú ÃóãóÑó ÛóíúÑóåõ ÈöÇáÕøóáóÇÉö¡ ÝóÕóáøóì ÃóÈõæ ÈóßúÑò ÈöÛóíúÑö ÃóãúÑöåö Êöáúßó ÇáúãõÏøóÉó¡ æóáóÇ ãõÑóÇÌóÚóÉö ÃóÍóÏò Ýöí Ðóáößó.
æóÇáúÚóÈøóÇÓõ æóÚóáöíøñ æóÛóíúÑõåõãóÇ ßóÇäõæÇ íóÏúÎõáõæäó Úóáóíúåö ÈóíúÊóåõ¡ æóÞóÏú ÎóÑóÌó ÈóíúäóåõãóÇ Ýöí ÈóÚúÖö Êöáúßó ÇáúÃóíøóÇãö¡ æóÞóÏú Ñõæöíó Ãóäøó ÇÈúÊöÏóÇÁó ãóÑóÖöåö ßóÇäó íóæúãó ÇáúÎóãöíÓö¡ æóÊõæõÝøöíó ÈöáóÇ ÎöáóÇÝò íóæúãó ÇáöÇËúäóíúäö ãöäó ÇáúÃõÓúÈõæÚö ÇáËøóÇäöí¡ ÝóßóÇäó ãõÏøóÉó ãóÑóÖöåö ÝöíãóÇ Þöíáó: ÇËøóäóíú ÚóÔóÑó íóæúãðÇ.
æóÝöí ÇáÕøóÍöíÍö Úóäú ÚõÈóíúÏö Çááøóåö Èúäö ÚóÈúÏö Çááøóåö ÞóÇáó: «ÏóÎóáúÊõ Úóáóì ÚóÇÆöÔóÉó ÝóÞõáúÊõ áóåóÇ ÃóáóÇ ÊõÍóÏøöËöíäöí Úóäú ãóÑóÖö ÑóÓõæáö Çááøóåö Õóáøóì Çááøóåõ Úóáóíúåö æóÓóáøóãó¿ ÞóÇáóÊú: Èóáóì¡ ËóÞõáó ÑóÓõæáõ Çááøóåö Õóáøóì Çááøóåõ Úóáóíúåö æóÓóáøóãó¡ ÞóÇáó: " ÃóÕóáøóì ÇáäøóÇÓõ (1) ¿ " ÞõáúäóÇ: áóÇ¡ æóåõãú íóäúÊóÙöÑõæäóßó íóÇ ÑóÓõæáó Çááøóåö ÞóÇáó: " ÖóÚõæÇ áöí ãóÇÁð Ýöí ÇáúãöÎúÖóÈö " ÝóÝóÚóáúäóÇ ÝóÇÛúÊóÓóáó¡ Ëõãøó ÐóåóÈó áöíóäõæÁó ÝóÃõÛúãöíó Úóáóíúåö¡ Ëõãøó ÃóÝóÇÞó ÝóÞóÇáó: " ÃóÕóáøóì ÇáäøóÇÓõ¿ " ÝóÞõáúäóÇ: áóÇ¡ æóåõãú íóäúÊóÙöÑõæäóßó íóÇ ÑóÓõæáó Çááøóåö¡ ÞóÇáóÊú: æóÇáäøóÇÓõ ÚõßõæÝñ Ýöí ÇáúãóÓúÌöÏö íóäúÊóÙöÑõæäó ÑóÓõæáó Çááøóåö Õóáøóì Çááøóåõ Úóáóíúåö æóÓóáøóãó áöÕóáóÇÉö ÇáúÚöÔóÇÁö ÇáúÂÎöÑóÉö¡ ÞóÇáóÊú: ÝóÃóÑúÓóáó ÑóÓõæáõ Çááøóåö Õóáøóì Çááøóåõ Úóáóíúåö æóÓóáøóãó Åöáóì ÃóÈöí ÈóßúÑò íõÕóáøöí ÈöÇáäøóÇÓö¡ ÝóÃóÊóÇåõ ÇáÑøóÓõæáõ¡ ÝóÞóÇáó: Åöäøó ÑóÓõæáó Çááøóåö Õóáøóì Çááøóåõ
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(1) Ó¡ È: ÃóÕõáøöíó ÈöÇáäøóÇÓö.(8/559)
Úóáóíúåö æóÓóáøóãó íóÃúãõÑõßó Ãóäú ÊõÕóáøöíó ÈöÇáäøóÇÓö¡ ÝóÞóÇáó ÃóÈõæ ÈóßúÑò - æóßóÇäó ÑóÌõáðÇ ÑóÞöíÞðÇ - íóÇ ÚõãóÑõ Õóáøö ÈöÇáäøóÇÓö¡ ÝóÞóÇáó ÚõãóÑõ: ÃóäúÊó ÃóÍóÞøõ ÈöÐóáößó¡ ÞóÇáóÊú: ÝóÕóáøóì Èöåöãú ÃóÈõæ ÈóßúÑò ÑóÖöíó Çááøóåõ Úóäúåõ Êöáúßó ÇáúÃóíøóÇãó.
Ëõãøó Åöäøó ÑóÓõæáó Çááøóåö Õóáøóì Çááøóåõ Úóáóíúåö æóÓóáøóãó æóÌóÏó ãöäú äóÝúÓöåö ÎöÝøóÉð ÝóÎóÑóÌó Èóíúäó ÑóÌõáóíúäö¡ ÃóÍóÏõåõãóÇ ÇáúÚóÈøóÇÓõ áöÕóáóÇÉö ÇáÙøõåúÑö¡ æóÃóÈõæ ÈóßúÑò íõÕóáøöí ÈöÇáäøóÇÓö¡ ÝóáóãøóÇ ÑóÂåõ ÃóÈõæ ÈóßúÑò ÐóåóÈó áöíóÊóÃóÎøóÑó ÝóÃóæúãóÃó Åöáóíúåö ÇáäøóÈöíøõ Õóáøóì Çááøóåõ Úóáóíúåö æóÓóáøóãó Ãóäú áóÇ íóÊóÃóÎøóÑó æóÞóÇáó áóåõãóÇ: " ÃóÌúáóÓóÇäöí Åöáóì ÌóäúÈöåö " (1) ÝóÃóÌúáóÓóÇåõ Åöáóì ÌóäúÈö ÃóÈöí ÈóßúÑò¡ ÝóßóÇäó ÃóÈõæ ÈóßúÑò íõÕóáøöí æóåõæó ÞóÇÆöãñ (2) ÈöÕóáóÇÉö ÑóÓõæáö Çááøóåö Õóáøóì Çááøóåõ Úóáóíúåö æóÓóáøóãó¡ æóÇáäøóÇÓõ íóÕöáõæäó ÈöÕóáóÇÉö ÃóÈöí ÈóßúÑò æóÇáäøóÈöíøõ Õóáøóì Çááøóåõ Úóáóíúåö æóÓóáøóãó ÞóÇÚöÏñ¡ ÞóÇáó ÚõÈóíúÏõ Çááøóåö: ÝóÏóÎóáúÊõ Úóáóì ÇÈúäö ÚóÈøóÇÓò ÝóÞõáúÊõ: ÃóáóÇ ÃóÚúÑöÖõ Úóáóíúßó ãóÇ ÍóÏøóËóÊúäöí [Èöåö] (3) ÚóÇÆöÔóÉõ Úóäú ãóÑóÖö ÑóÓõæáö Çááøóåö Õóáøóì Çááøóåõ Úóáóíúåö æóÓóáøóãó¿ ÞóÇáó: åóÇÊö¡ ÝóÚóÑóÖúÊõ Úóáóíúåö ÍóÏöíËóåóÇ¡ ÝóãóÇ ÃóäúßóÑó ãöäúåõ ÔóíúÆðÇ ÛóíúÑó Ãóäøóåõ ÞóÇáó: ÃóÓóãøóÊú áóßó ÇáÑøóÌõáó ÇáøóÐöí ßóÇäó ãóÚó ÇáúÚóÈøóÇÓö¿ ÞõáúÊõ: áóÇ¿ ÞóÇáó: åõæó Úóáöíøõ Èúäõ ÃóÈöí ØóÇáöÈò» (4) .
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(1) ä: Åöáóì ÌóäúÈö ÃóÈöí ÈóßúÑò.
(2) Ýöí " ÇáúÈõÎóÇÑöíøö " íóÃúÊóãøõ¡ æóÝöí ÑöæóÇíóÉò Ýöí " ÇáúÈõÎóÇÑöíøö " ÞóÇÆöãñ.
(3) Èöåö. ÒöíóÇÏóÉñ Ýöí (ã) .
(4) ÇáúÍóÏöíËõ Úóäú ÚóÇÆöÔóÉó ÑóÖöíó Çááøóåõ ÚóäúåóÇ Ýöí: ÇáúÈõÎóÇÑöíøö 1/138 - 139 (ßöÊóÇÈõ ÇáúÂÐóÇäö¡ ÈóÇÈõ ÅöäøóãóÇ ÌõÚöáó ÇáúÅöãóÇãõ áöíõÄúÊóãøó Èöåö) ãõÓúáöãò 1/311 - 313 (ßöÊóÇÈõ ÇáÕøóáóÇÉö¡ ÈóÇÈõ ÇÓúÊöÎúáóÇÝö ÇáúÅöãóÇãö ÅöÐóÇ ÚóÑóÖó áóåõ ÚõÐúÑñ. . .) Óõäóäö ÇáäøóÓóÇÆöíøö 2/101 - 102 (ßöÊóÇÈõ ÇáúÅöãóÇãóÉö¡ ÈóÇÈõ ÇáöÇÆúÊöãóÇãö ÈöÇáúÅöãóÇãö íõÕóáøöí ÞóÇÚöÏðÇ) ÇáúãõÓúäóÏö (Ø. ÇáúãóÚóÇÑöÝö) 7/152 - 153 (ÑóÞúãõ 5141) æó " Ø ÇáúÍóáóÈöíøö " 6/251 æóÞóÇáó ÇÈúäõ ÇáúÃóËöíÑö Ýöí ÇáäøöåóÇíóÉö Ýöí ÛóÑöíÈö ÇáúÍóÏöíËö ": " ÇáúãöÎúÖóÈõ ÈöÇáúßóÓúÑö:. ÔöÈúåõ ÇáúãöÑúßóäö¡ æóåöíó ÅöÌøóÇäóÉñ ÊõÛúÓóáõ ÝöíåóÇ ÇáËøöíóÇÈõ) æóÞóÇáó ÇÈúäõ ÍóÌóÑò Ýöí " ÝóÊúÍö ÇáúÈóÇÑöí " 2/174: " Ëõãøó ÐóåóÈó (áöíóäõæÁó) ÈöÖóãøö Çáäøõæäö ÈóÚúÏóåóÇ ãóÏøóÉñ: Ãóíú áöíóäúåóÖó ÈöÌóåúÏò ".(8/560)
ÝóåóÐóÇ ÇáúÍóÏöíËõ ÇáøóÐöí ÇÊøóÝóÞóÊú Ýöíåö ÚóÇÆöÔóÉõ æóÇÈúäõ ÚóÈøóÇÓò ßöáóÇåõãóÇ íõÎúÈöÑóÇäö ÈöãóÑóÖö ÇáäøóÈöíøö Õóáøóì Çááøóåõ Úóáóíúåö æóÓóáøóãó¡ æóÇÓúÊöÎúáóÇÝö \ ÃóÈöí ÈóßúÑò Ýöí ÇáÕøóáóÇÉö¡ æóÃóäøóåõ Õóáøóì ÈöÇáäøóÇÓö ÞóÈúáó ÎõÑõæÌö ÇáäøóÈöíøö Õóáøóì Çááøóåõ Úóáóíúåö æóÓóáøóãó ÃóíøóÇãðÇ¡ æóÃóäøóåõ áóãøóÇ ÎóÑóÌó áöÕóáóÇÉö ÇáÙøõåúÑö ÃóãóÑóåõ Ãóäú áóÇ íóÊóÃóÎøóÑó¡ Èóáú íõÞöíãõ ãóßóÇäóåõ¡ æóÌóáóÓó ÇáäøóÈöíøõ Õóáøóì Çááøóåõ Úóáóíúåö æóÓóáøóãó Åöáóì ÌóäúÈöåö¡ æóÇáäøóÇÓõ íõÕóáõæäó ÈöÕóáóÇÉö ÃóÈöí ÈóßúÑò æóÃóÈõæ ÈóßúÑò íõÕóáøöí ÈöÕóáóÇÉö ÇáäøóÈöíøö Õóáøóì Çááøóåõ Úóáóíúåö æóÓóáøóãó.
æóÇáúÚõáóãóÇÁõ ßõáøõåõãú ãõÊøóÝöÞõæäó Úóáóì ÊóÕúÏöíÞö åóÐóÇ ÇáúÍóÏöíËö æóÊóáóÞøöíåö ÈöÇáúÞóÈõæáö¡ æóÊóÝóÞøóåõæÇ Ýöí ãóÓóÇÆöáó Ýöíåö ãöäúåóÇ ÕóáóÇÉõ ÇáäøóÈöíøö Õóáøóì Çááøóåõ Úóáóíúåö æóÓóáøóãó ÞóÇÚöÏðÇ¡ æóÃóÈõæ ÈóßúÑò ÞóÇÆöãñ åõæó æóÇáäøóÇÓõ åóáú ßóÇäó ãöäú ÎóÕóÇÆöÕöåö¿ Ãóæú ßóÇäó Ðóáößó äóÇÓöÎðÇ áöãóÇ ÇÓúÊóÝóÇÖó Úóäúåõ ãöäú Þóæúáöåö " æóÅöÐóÇ Õóáøóì ÌóÇáöÓðÇ ÝóÕóáøõæÇ ÌõáõæÓðÇ ÃóÌúãóÚõæäó "¿ ¡ Ãóæú íóÌúãóÚõ Èóíúäó ÇáúÃóãúÑóíúäö¡ æóíõÍúãóáõ Ðóáößó Úóáóì ãóÇ ÅöÐóÇ ÇÈúÊóÏóÃó ÇáÕøóáóÇÉó ÞóÇÚöÏðÇ¡ æóåóÐóÇ Úóáóì ãóÇ ÅöÐóÇ ÍóÕóáó ÇáúÞõÚõæÏõ Ýöí ÃóËúäóÇÆöåóÇ: Úóáóì ËóáóÇËóÉö ÃóÞúæóÇáò áöáúÚõáóãóÇÁö¡ æóÇáúÃóæøóáõ Þóæúáõ ãóÇáößò æóãõÍóãøóÏö Èúäö ÇáúÍóÓóäö¡ æóÇáËøóÇäöí: Þóæúáõ ÃóÈöí ÍóäöíÝóÉó æóÇáÔøóÇÝöÚöíøö æóÇáËøóÇáöËõ: Þóæúáõ ÃóÍúãóÏó æóÍóãøóÇÏö Èúäö ÒóíúÏò æóÇáúÃóæúÒóÇÚöíøö æóÛóíúÑöåöãóÇ ãöãøóäú íóÃúãõÑõ ÇáúãõÄúÊóãøöíäó (1) ÈöÇáúÞõÚõæÏö ÅöÐóÇ ÞóÚóÏó ÇáúÅöãóÇãõ áöãóÑóÖò æóÊóßóáøóãó ÇáúÚõáóãóÇÁõ ÝöíãóÇ ÅöÐóÇ ÇÓúÊóÎúáóÝó ÇáúÅöãóÇãõ ÇáÑøóÇÊöÈõ ÎóáöíÝóÉð¡ Ëõãøó ÍóÖóÑó ÇáúÅöãóÇãõ åóáú íõÊöãøõ ÇáÕøóáóÇÉó Èöåöãú ßóãóÇ ÝóÚóáó ÇáäøóÈöíøõ Õóáøóì Çááøóåõ Úóáóíúåö æóÓóáøóãó Ýöí ãóÑóÖöåö¡ æóÝóÚóáóåõ ãóÑøóÉð ÃõÎúÑóì
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(1) ä¡ ã: ÇáúãõÄúãöäöíäó¡ æóåõæó ÊóÍúÑöíÝñ.(8/561)
ÓóäóÐúßõÑõåóÇ¡ Ãóãú Ðóáößó ãöäú ÎóÕóÇÆöÕöåö¿ Úóáóì Þóæúáóíúäö: åõãóÇ æóÌúåóÇäö Ýöí ãóÐúåóÈö ÃóÍúãóÏó.
æóÞóÏú ÕóÏøóÞó ÇÈúäõ ÚóÈøóÇÓò ÚóÇÆöÔóÉó ÝöíãóÇ ÃóÎúÈóÑóÊú Èöåö ãóÚó Ãóäøóåõ ßóÇäó ÈóíúäóåõãóÇ ÈóÚúÖõ ÇáÔøóíúÁö ÈöÓóÈóÈö ãóÇ ßóÇäó ÈóíúäóåõãóÇ æóÈóíúäó Úóáöíøò ; æóáöÐóáößó áóãú ÊõÓóãøöåö æóÇÈúäõ ÚóÈøóÇÓò íóãöíáõ Åöáóì Úóáöíøò æóáóÇ íõÊøóåóãõ Úóáóíúåö¡ æóãóÚó åóÐóÇ ÝóÞóØú ÕóÏøóÞóåóÇ Ýöí ÌóãöíÚö ãóÇ ÞóÇáóÊú¡ æóÓóãøóì ÇáÑøóÌõáó ÇáúÂÎóÑó ÚóáöíøðÇ Ýóáóãú íõßóÐøöÈúåóÇ¡ æóáóãú íõÎóØøöÆúåóÇ Ýöí ÔóíúÁò ãöãøóÇ ÑóæóÊúåõ.
æóÝöí ÇáÕøóÍöíÍóíúäö «Úóäú ÚóÇÆöÔóÉó ÞóÇáóÊú: áóÞóÏú ÑóÇÌóÚúÊõ ÑóÓõæáó Çááøóåö Õóáøóì Çááøóåõ Úóáóíúåö æóÓóáøóãó Ýöí Ðóáößó¡ æóãóÇ Íóãóáóäöí Úóáóì ßóËúÑóÉö ãõÑóÇÌóÚóÊöåö ÅöáøóÇ Ãóäøóåõ áóãú íóÞóÚú Ýöí ÞóáúÈöí Ãóäú íõÍöÈøó ÇáäøóÇÓõ ÈóÚúÏóåõ ÑóÌõáðÇ ÞóÇãó ãóÞóÇãóåõ ÃóÈóÏðÇ¡ æóÅöáøóÇ Åöäøöí ßõäúÊõ ÃóÑóì Ãóäøóåõ (1) áóäú íóÞõæãó ãóÞóÇãóåõ ÃóÍóÏñ ÅöáøóÇ ÊóÔóÇÁóãó ÇáäøóÇÓõ Èöåö ÝóÃóÑóÏúÊõ Ãóäú íóÚúÏöáó Ðóáößó ÑóÓõæáó Çááøóåö Õóáøóì Çááøóåõ Úóáóíúåö æóÓóáøóãó Úóäú ÃóÈöí ÈóßúÑò» ¡ ÞóÇáó ÇáúÈõÎóÇÑöíøõ: " æóÑóæóÇåõ ÇÈúäõ ÚõãóÑó æóÃóÈõæ ãõæÓóì æóÇÈúäõ ÚóÈøóÇÓò Úóäö ÇáäøóÈöíøö Õóáøóì Çááøóåõ Úóáóíúåö æóÓóáøóãó (2) ".
æóÝöí ÇáÕøóÍöíÍóíúäö ÚóäúåóÇ «ÞóÇáóÊú áóãøóÇ ËóÞõáó ÑóÓõæáõ Çááøóåö Õóáøóì Çááøóåõ Úóáóíúåö æóÓóáøóãó ÌóÇÁó ÈöáóÇáñ íõÄúÐöäõåõ ÈöÇáÕøóáóÇÉö¡ ÝóÞóÇáó: " ãõÑõæÇ ÃóÈóÇ ÈóßúÑò ÝóáúíõÕóáøö ÈöÇáäøóÇÓö " ÞóÇáóÊú: ÝóÞõáúÊõ: íóÇ ÑóÓõæáó Çááøóåö Åöäøó ÃóÈóÇ ÈóßúÑò ÑóÌõáñ ÃóÓöíÝñ¡ æóÅöäøóåõ ãóÊóì íóÞõæãõ ãóÞóÇãóßó áóÇ
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(1) Ãóäøóåõ: ÓóÇÞöØóÉñ ãöäú (Ó) ¡ (È) .
(2) ÇáúÍóÏöíËõ Úóäú ÚóÇÆöÔóÉó ÑóÖöíó Çááøóåõ ÚóäúåóÇ Ýöí: ÇáúÈõÎóÇÑöíøö 6/12 (ßöÊóÇÈõ ÇáúãóÛóÇÒöí¡ ÈóÇÈõ ãóÑóÖö ÇáäøóÈöíøö Õóáøóì Çááøóåõ Úóáóíúåö æóÓóáøóãó æóæóÝóÇÊöåö¡) ãõÓúáöãò 1/313 (ßöÊóÇÈõ ÇáÕøóáóÇÉö¡ ÈóÇÈõ ÇÓúÊöÎúáóÇÝö ÇáúÅöãóÇãö ÅöÐóÇ ÚóÑóÖó áóåõ ÚõÐúÑñ. . .) ÍóÏöíËñ ÑóÞúãõ 93¡ æóÞóæúáõ ÚóÇÆöÔóÉó ÑóÖöíó Çááøóåõ ÚóäúåóÇ: " ÝóÃóÑóÏúÊõ Ãóäú íóÚúÏöáó Ðóáößó ÑóÓõæáó Çááøóåö Õóáøóì Çááøóåõ Úóáóíúåö æóÓóáøóãó Úóäú ÃóÈöí ÈóßúÑò Ýöí " áöÓóÇäö ÇáúÚóÑóÈö " " æóÚóÏóáó Úóäö ÇáÔøóíúÁö íóÚúÏöáõ ÚóÏúáðÇ æóÚõÏõæáðÇ. ÍóÇÏó æóÇáúãóÚúäóì: Ãóíú Ãóäú íóÌúÚóáó Ðóáößó ÑóÓõæáó Çááøóåö Õóáøóì Çááøóåõ Úóáóíúåö æóÓóáøóãó íóÍöíÏõ Úóäú ÃóÈöí ÈóßúÑò ÑóÖöíó Çááøóåõ Úóäúåõ ÝóíóÎúÊóÇÑõ ÛóíúÑóåõ.(8/562)
íõÓúãöÚõ [ÇáäøóÇÓó] (1) ¡ Ýóáóæú ÃóãóÑúÊó ÚõãóÑó ÝóÞóÇáó: " ãõÑõæÇ ÃóÈóÇ ÈóßúÑò ÝóáúíõÕóáøö ÈöÇáäøóÇÓö " ÞóÇáóÊú: ÝóÞõáúÊõ áöÍóÝúÕóÉó: Þóæúáöí áóåõ Åöäøó ÃóÈóÇ ÈóßúÑò ÑóÌõáñ ÃóÓöíÝñ¡ æóÅöäøóåõ ãóÊóì íóÞõæãõ ãóÞóÇãóßó áóÇ íõÓúãöÚõ ÇáäøóÇÓó¡ Ýóáóæú ÃóãóÑúÊó ÚõãóÑó ÝóÞóÇáóÊú áóåõ: ÝóÞóÇáó ÑóÓõæáõ Çááøóåö Õóáøóì Çááøóåõ Úóáóíúåö æóÓóáøóãó: " Åöäøóßõäøó (2) áóÃóäúÊõäøó ÕóæóÇÍöÈõ íõæÓõÝó¡ ãõÑõæÇ ÃóÈóÇ ÈóßúÑò ÝóáúíõÕóáøö ÈöÇáäøóÇÓö " ÞóÇáóÊú: ÝóÃóãóÑõæÇ ÃóÈóÇ ÈóßúÑò Ãóäú íõÕóáøöíó ÈöÇáäøóÇÓö» (3) ¡ æóÝöí ÑöæóÇíóÉö ÇáúÈõÎóÇÑöíøö (4) : «ÝóÝóÚóáóÊú ÍóÝúÕóÉõ¡ ÝóÞóÇáó ÑóÓõæáõ Çááøóåö Õóáøóì Çááøóåõ Úóáóíúåö æóÓóáøóãó: " ãóåú Åöäøóßõäøó áóÃóäúÊõäøó ÕóæóÇÍöÈõ (5) íõæÓõÝó¡ ãõÑõæÇ ÃóÈóÇ ÈóßúÑò ÝóáúíõÕóáøö ÈöÇáäøóÇÓö " ÝóÞóÇáóÊú ÍóÝúÕóÉõ áöÚóÇÆöÔóÉó: ãóÇ ßõäúÊõ áöÃõÕöíÈó ãöäúßö ÎóíúÑðÇ» " (6) .
ÝóÝöí åóÐóÇ ÃóäøóåóÇ ÑóÇÌóÚóÊúåõ æóÃóãóÑóÊú ÍóÝúÕóÉõ ÈöãõÑóÇÌóÚóÊöåö¡ æóÃóäøó ÇáäøóÈöíøó Õóáøóì Çááøóåõ Úóáóíúåö æóÓóáøóãó áóÇãóåõäøó Úóáóì åóÐöåö ÇáúãõÑóÇæóÏóÉö¡ æóÌóÚóáóåóÇ ãöäó ÇáúãõÑóÇæóÏóÉö Úóáóì ÇáúÈóÇØöáö ßóãõÑóÇæóÏóÉö ÕóæóÇÍöÈö íõæÓõÝó áöíõæÓõÝó.
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(1) ÇáäøóÇÓõ: ÓóÇÞöØóÉñ ãöäú (ä) ¡ (ã)
(2) ã: Åöäøóßõäøó áóÃóäúÊõäøó ÕóæóÇÍöÈõ. .
(3) ÇáúÍóÏöíËõ Úóäú ÚóÇÆöÔóÉó ÑóÖöíó Çááøóåõ ÚóäúåóÇ Ýöí: ÇáúÈõÎóÇÑöíøö 1/133 - 134 (ßöÊóÇÈõ ÇáúÃóÐóÇäö¡ ÈóÇÈõ ÍóÏøö ÇáúãóÑöíÖö Ãóäú íóÔúåóÏó ÇáúÌóãóÇÚóÉó) 1/143 - 144 - 144 (ßöÊóÇÈõ ÇáúÃóÐóÇäö¡ ÈóÇÈõ ãóäú ÃóÓúãóÚó ÇáäøóÇÓó ÊóßúÈöíÑó ÇáúÅöãóÇãö¡ ÈóÇÈõ ÇáÑøóÌõáö íóÃúÊóãøõ ÈöÇáúÅöãóÇãö ÅöÐóÇ ÚóÑóÖó ÚõÐúÑñ. . .) ÍóÏöíËñ ÑóÞúãõ 95 Óõäóäö ÇáäøóÓóÇÆöíøö 2/98 - 101 (ßöÊóÇÈõ ÇáúÅöãóÇãóÉö¡ ÈóÇÈõ ÇáöÇÆúÊöãóÇãö ÈöÇáúÅöãóÇãö íõÕóáøöí ÞóÇÚöÏðÇ) ¡ ÇáúãõÓúäóÏö (Ø. ÇáúÍóáóÈöíøö) 6/159¡ 210¡ 224.
(4) Ýöí: ÇáúÈõÎóÇÑöíøö: 1/144 - 145 (ßöÊóÇÈõ ÇáúÃóÐóÇäö¡ ÈóÇÈõ ÅöÐóÇ Èóßóì ÇáúÅöãóÇãõ Ýöí ÇáÕøóáóÇÉö) .
(5) ä¡ Ó¡ È: Åöäøóßõäøó ÕóæóÇÍöÈõ. . . æóÇáúãõËúÈóÊõ ãöäú (ã) ¡ ÇáúÈõÎóÇÑöíøõ.
(6) ÓóÈóÞó åóÐóÇ ÇáúÍóÏöíËõ ÝöíãóÇ ãóÖóì 1/512.(8/563)
ÝóÏóáøó åóÐóÇ Úóáóì Ãóäøó ÊóÞúÏöíãó ÛóíúÑö ÃóÈöí ÈóßúÑò Ýöí ÇáÕøóáóÇÉö ãöäó ÇáúÈóÇØöáö ÇáøóÐöí íõÐóãøõ ãóäú íõÑóÇæöÏõ Úóáóíúåö ßóãóÇ Ðóãøó ÇáäøöÓúæóÉó Úóáóì ãõÑóÇæóÏóÉö íõæÓõÝó¡ åóÐóÇ ãóÚó Ãóäøó ÃóÈóÇ ÈóßúÑò ÞóÏú ÞóÇáó áöÚõãúÑó íõÕóáøöí Ýóáóãú íóÊóÞóÏøóãú ÚõãóÑõ¡ æóÞóÇáó: ÃóäúÊó ÃóÍóÞøõ ÈöÐóáößó¡ ÝóßóÇäó Ýöí åóÐóÇ ÇÚúÊöÑóÇÝõ ÚõãóÑó áóåõ Ãóäøóåõ ÃóÍóÞøõ ÈöÐóáößó ãöäúåõ¡ ßóãóÇ ÇÚúÊóÑóÝó áóåõ ÈöÃóäøóåõ ÃóÍóÞøõ ÈöÇáúÎöáóÇÝóÉö ãöäúåõ æóãöäú ÓóÇÆöÑö ÇáÕøóÍóÇÈóÉö¡ æóÃóäøóåõ ÃóÝúÖóáõåõãú.
ßóãóÇ Ýöí ÇáúÈõÎóÇÑöíøö Úóäú ÚóÇÆöÔóÉó áóãøóÇ ÐóßóÑóÊú ÎõØúÈóÉõ ÃóÈöí ÈóßúÑò ÈöÇáúãóÏöíäóÉö¡ æóÞóÏú ÊóÞóÏøóãó Ðóáößó ÞóÇáóÊú: æóÇÌúÊóãóÚóÊö ÇáúÃóäúÕóÇÑõ Åöáóì ÓóÚúÏö Èúäö ÚõÈóÇÏóÉó Ýöí ÓóÞöíÝóÉö Èóäöí ÓóÇÚöÏóÉó¡ ÝóÞóÇáõæÇ: ãöäøóÇ ÃóãöíÑñ æóãöäúßõãú ÃóãöíÑñ ÝóÐóåóÈó Åöáóíúåöãú ÃóÈõæ ÈóßúÑò æóÚõãóÑõ ÑóÖöíó Çááøóåõ ÚóäúåõãóÇ æóÃóÈõæ ÚõÈóíúÏóÉó Èúäõ ÇáúÌóÑøóÇÍö¡ ÝóÐóåóÈó (1) ÚõãóÑõ íóÊóßóáøóãõ¡ ÝóÃóÓúßóÊóåõ ÃóÈõæ ÈóßúÑò æóßóÇäó ÚõãóÑõ íóÞõæáõ: æóÇááøóåö ãóÇ ÃóÑóÏúÊõ ÈöÐóáößó ÅöáøóÇ Ãóäøöí åóíøóÃúÊõ ßóáóÇãðÇ ÃóÚúÌóÈóäöí ÎöÝúÊõ Ãóäú áóÇ íóÈúáõÛóåõ ÃóÈõæ ÈóßúÑò¡ Ëõãøó Êóßóáøóãó ÃóÈõæ ÈóßúÑò ÝóÊóßóáøóãó ÃóÈúáóÛõ ÇáäøóÇÓö¡ ÝóÞóÇáó Ýöí ßóáóÇãöåö: äóÍúäõ ÇáúÃõãóÑóÇÁõ æóÃóäúÊõãõ ÇáúæõÒóÑóÇÁõ¡ ÝóÞóÇáó ÍõÈóÇÈõ (2) Èúäõ ÇáúãõäúÐöÑö: áóÇ äóÝúÚóáõ¡ ãöäøóÇ ÃóãöíÑñ æóãöäúßõãú ÃóãöíÑñ¡ ÝóÞóÇáó ÃóÈõæ ÈóßúÑò: æóáóßöäøóÇ ÇáúÃõãóÑóÇÁõ æóÃóäúÊõãõ ÇáúæõÒóÑóÇÁõ åõãú ÃóæúÓóØõ ÇáúÚóÑóÈö ÏóÇÑðÇ¡ æóÃóÚúÑóÞõåõãú (3) ÃóÍúÓóÇÈðÇ¡ ÝóÈóÇíöÚõæÇ ÚõãóÑó Ãóæú ÃóÈóÇ ÚõÈóíúÏóÉó Èúäõ ÇáúÌóÑøóÇÍö ÝóÞóÇáó ÚõãóÑõ: Èóáú äõÈóÇíöÚõßó ÃóäúÊó¡ ÝóÃóäúÊó ÓóíøöÏõäóÇ æóÎóíúÑõäóÇ æóÃóÍóÈøõäóÇ Åöáóì ÑóÓõæáö Çááøóåö Õóáøóì Çááøóåõ Úóáóíúåö æóÓóáøóãó¡ ÝóÃóÎóÐó ÚõãóÑõ ÈöíóÏöåö ÝóÈóÇíóÚóåõ æóÈóÇíóÚóåõ ÇáäøóÇÓõ ÝóÞóÇáó ÞóÇÆöáñ ãöäúåõãú: ÞóÊóáúÊõãú ÓóÚúÏó Èúäó ÚõÈóÇÏóÉó¡ ÝóÞóÇáó ÚõãóÑõ: ÞóÊóáóåõ Çááøóåõ (4) .
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(2) È ÎóÈøóÇÈõ¡ æóåõæó ÎóØóÃñ
(3) ã. æóÃóÚóÒøõåõãú
(4) ÓóÈóÞó åóÐóÇ ÇáúÍóÏöíËõ ÝöíãóÇ ãóÖóì 1/715¡ 2/50.(8/564)
ÝóÝöí åóÐóÇ ÇáúÎóÈóÑö ÅöÎúÈóÇÑõ ÚõãóÑó Èóíúäó áöáúãõåóÇÌöÑöíäó æóÇáúÃóäúÕóÇÑö Ãóäøó ÃóÈóÇ ÈóßúÑò ÓóíøöÏõ ÇáúãõÓúáöãöíäó æóÎóíúÑõåõãú æóÃóÍóÈøõåõãú Åöáóì ÑóÓõæáö Çááøóåö Õóáøóì Çááøóåõ Úóáóíúåö æóÓóáøóãó Ðóáößó ÚöáøóÉõ ãõÈóÇíóÚóÊöåö ÝóÞóÇáó: Èóáú äõÈóÇíöÚõßó ÃóäúÊó ÝóÃóäúÊó ÓóíøöÏõäóÇ æóÎóíúÑõäóÇ æóÃóÍóÈøõäóÇ Åöáóì ÑóÓõæáö Çááøóåö Õóáøóì Çááøóåõ Úóáóíúåö æóÓóáøóãó ; áöíõÈóíøöäó ÈöÐóáößó Ãóäøó ÇáúãóÃúãõæÑó Èöåö ÊóæúáöíóÉõ ÇáúÃóÝúÖóáö¡ æóÃóäúÊó ÃóÝúÖóáõäóÇ (1) ÝóäõÈóÇíöÚõßó.
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æóáóãøóÇ ÞóÇáó: " «áóæú ßõäúÊõ ãõÊøóÎöÐðÇ ÎóáöíáðÇ áóÇÊøóÎóÐúÊõ ÃóÈóÇ ÈóßúÑò ÎóáöíáðÇ» " (3) ¡ æóåóÐóÇ ãöãøóÇ íóÞúØóÚõ Ãóåúáõ ÇáúÚöáúãö ÈöÇáúÍóÏöíËö Ãóäøó ÇáäøóÈöíøó Õóáøóì Çááøóåõ Úóáóíúåö æóÓóáøóãó ÞóÇáóåõ¡ æóÅöäú ßóÇäó ãóäú áóíúÓó áóåõ ãöËúáõ Úöáúãöåöãú áóãú íóÓúãóÚúåõ¡ Ãóæú ÓóãöÚóåõ æóáóÇ íóÚúÑöÝõ ÃóÕöÏúÞñ åõæó Ãóãú ßóÐöÈñ¿ Ýóáößõáøö Úöáúãö ÑöÌóÇáñ íóÞõæãõæäó Èöåö¡ æóáöáúÍõÑõæÈö ÑöÌóÇáñ íõÚúÑóÝõæäó ÈöåóÇ¡ æóáöáÏøóæóÇæöíäö ÍõÓøóÇÈñ æóßõÊøóÇÈñ.
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(1) ã æóÃóäúÊó ÃóÝúÖóáõ.
(2) íõÔöíÑõ ÇÈúäõ ÊóíúãöíóÉó åõäóÇ Åöáóì ÍóÏöíËö ÚóãúÑöæ Èúäö ÇáúÚóÇÕö ÑóÖöíó Çááøóåõ Úóäúåõ æóåõæó Ýöí: ÇáúÈõÎóÇÑöíøö 5/5 (ßöÊóÇÈõ ÝóÖóÇÆöáö ÃóÕúÍóÇÈö ÇáäøóÈöíøö Õóáøóì Çááøóåõ Úóáóíúåö æóÓóáøóãó¡ ÈóÇÈõ ÍóÏøóËóäóÇ ÇáúÍõãóíúÏöíøõ æóãõÍóãøóÏõ Èúäõ ÚóÈúÏö Çááøóåö. .) æóäóÕøõåõ. . ÍóÏøóËóäöí ÚóãúÑõæ Èúäõ ÇáúÚóÇÕö ÑóÖöíó Çááøóåõ Úóäúåõ Ãóäøó ÇáäøóÈöíøó Õóáøóì Çááøóåõ Úóáóíúåö æóÓóáøóãó ÈóÚóËóåõ Úóáóì ÌóíúÔö ÐóÇÊö ÇáÓøóáóÇÓöáö ÝóÇÊóíúÊõåõ ÝóÞõáúÊõ: Ãóíøõ ÇáäøóÇÓö ÃóÍóÈøõ Åöáóíúßó¿ ÞóÇáó " ÚóÇÆöÔóÉõ " ÝóÞõáúÊõ: ãóäö ÇáÑøöÌóÇáö¿ ÞóÇáó ÃóÈõæåóÇ ÞõáúÊõ: Ëõãøó ãóäú¿ ÞóÇáó: " Ëõãøó ÚõãóÑõ Èúäõ ÇáúÎóØøóÇÈö " ÝóÚóÏøó ÑöÌóÇáðÇ. . æóÇáúÍóÏöíËõ Ýöí: ÇáúÈõÎóÇÑöíøö 5/165 - 166 (ßöÊóÇÈõ ÇáúãóÛóÇÒöí¡ ÈóÇÈõ ÛóÒúæóÉö ÐóÇÊö ÇáÓøóáóÇÓöáö) ¡ ãõÓúáöãò 4/1856 (ßöÊóÇÈõ ÝóÖóÇÆöáö ÇáÕøóÍóÇÈóÉö¡ ÈóÇÈõ ãöäú ÝóÖóÇÆöáö ÃóÈöí ÈóßúÑò. . .) Óõäóäö ÇáÊøöÑúãöÐöíøö 5/364 (ßöÊóÇÈõ ÇáúãóäóÇÞöÈö¡ ÈóÇÈõ ãöäú ÝóÖúáö ÚóÇÆöÔóÉó ÑóÖöíó Çááøóåõ ÚóäúåóÇ) æóÓóÈóÞó ÇáúßóáóÇãõ Úóáóì åóÐóÇ ÇáúÍóÏöíËö ÝöíãóÇ ãóÖóì 4/303.
(3) ÊóÞóÏøóãó åóÐóÇ ÇáúÍóÏöíËõ 1/512.(8/565)
æóåóÄõáóÇÁö ÇáËøóáóÇËóÉö åõãõ ÇáøóÐöíäó ÚóäóÊúåõãú ÚóÇÆöÔóÉõ ÝöíãóÇ ÑóæóÇåõ ãõÓúáöãñ Úóäö [ÇÈúäö] (1) ÃóÈöí ãõáóíúßóÉó (2) ¡ ÞóÇáó: ÓóãöÚúÊõ ÚóÇÆöÔóÉó¡ æóÓõÆöáóÊú: ãóäú ßóÇäó ÑóÓõæáõ Çááøóåö ãõÓúÊóÎúáöÝðÇ áóæö ÇÓúÊóÎúáóÝó¿ ÞóÇáóÊú: ÃóÈõæ ÈóßúÑò ÝóÞöíáó áóåóÇ: ãóäú ÈóÚúÏó ÃóÈöí ÈóßúÑò¿ ÞóÇáóÊú: ÚõãóÑõ Þöíáó áóåóÇ: ãóäú ÈóÚúÏó ÚõãóÑó¡ ÞóÇáóÊú: ÃóÈõæ ÚõÈóíúÏóÉó Èúäõ ÇáúÌóÑøóÇÍö¡ Ëõãøó ÇäúÊóåóÊú Åöáóì åóÐóÇ (3) .
æóÇáúãóÞúÕõæÏõ åõäóÇ Ãóäøó ÇÓúÊöÎúáóÇÝóåõ Ýöí ÇáÕøóáóÇÉö ßóÇäó ÃóíøóÇãðÇ ãõÊóÚóÏøöÏóÉð (4) ¡ ßóãóÇ ÇÊøóÝóÞó Úóáóíúåö ÑöæóÇíóÉõ ÇáÕøóÍóÇÈóÉö¡ æóÑóæóÇåõ Ãóåúáõ ÇáÕøóÍöíÍö ãöäú ÍóÏöíËö ÃóÈöí ãõæÓóì æóÇÈúäö ÚóÈøóÇÓò æóÚóÇÆöÔóÉó æóÇÈúäö ÚõãóÑó æóÃóäóÓò¡ æóÑóæóÇåõ ÇáúÈõÎóÇÑöíøõ ãöäú ÍóÏöíËö ÇÈúäö ÚõãóÑó æóÝöíåö Þóæúáõåõ: " «ãõÑõæÇ ÃóÈóÇ ÈóßúÑò ÝóáúíõÕóáøö ÈöÇáäøóÇÓö» " æóãõÑóÇÌóÚóÉõ ÚóÇÆöÔóÉó áóåõ Ýöí åóÐöåö ÇáúÞöÕøóÉö¡ æóÐößúÑõ ÇáúãõÑóÇÌöÚóÉö ãóÑøóÊóíúäö¡ æóÝöíåö Þóæúáõåõ: " «ãõÑõæåõ ÝóáúíõÕóáøö ÈöÇáäøóÇÓö¡ ÝóÅöäøóßõäøó ÕóæóÇÍöÈõ íõæÓõÝó» "¡ æóáóãú íóÒóáú íõÕóáøöí Èöåöãú ÈöÇÊøöÝóÇÞö ÇáäøóÇÓö ÍóÊøóì ãóÇÊó ÑóÓõæáõ Çááøóåö Õóáøóì Çááøóåõ Úóáóíúåö æóÓóáøóãó¡ æóÞóÏú ÑóÂåõãõ ÇáäøóÈöíøõ Õóáøóì Çááøóåõ Úóáóíúåö æóÓóáøóãó íõÕóáøõæäó ÎóáúÝóåõ ÂÎöÑó ÕóáóÇÉò Ýöí ÍóíóÇÊöåö¡ æóåöíó ÕóáóÇÉõ ÇáúÝóÌúÑö íóæúãó ÇáöÇËúäóíúäö¡ æóÓõÑøó ÈöÐóáößó æóÃóÚúÌóÈóåõ (5) .
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(2) åõæó ÚóÈúÏõ Çááøóåö Èúäõ ÚõÈóíúÏö Çááøóåö Èúäö ÃóÈöí ãõáóíúßóÉó ÇáÊøóíúãöíøõ¡ ÇáúãõÊóæóÝøóì ÓóäóÉó 117 ÊóÑúÌóãóÊõåõ Ýöí ÊóåúÐöíÈö ÇáÊøóåúÐöíÈö 5/306¡ ÇáúÃóÚúáóÇãö 4/236 - 237.
(3) ÇáúÍóÏöíËó ãóÚó ÇÎúÊöáóÇÝò Ýöí ÇááøóÝúÙö Úóäú ÚóÇÆöÔóÉó ÑóÖöíó Çááøóåõ ÚóäúåóÇ Ýöí ãõÓúáöãò 4/1856 (ßöÊóÇÈõ ÝóÖóÇÆöáö ÇáÕøóÍóÇÈóÉö¡ ÈóÇÈõ ãöäú ÝóÖóÇÆöáö ÃóÈöí ÈóßúÑò ÇáÕøöÏøöíÞö. . . ÇáúãõÓúäóÏö (Ø. ÇáúÍóáóÈöíøö) 6/3 æóÓóÈóÞó ÇáúÍóÏöíËõ ÝöíãóÇ ãóÖóì 1/497
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(5) ÓóÈóÞó ÇáúÍóÏöíËõ ÝöíãóÇ ãóÖóì 1/512 æóÐóßóÑúÊõ åõäóÇßó Ãóäøó ÇáúÍóÏöíËó Ñõæöíó Úóäú ÚóÇÆöÔóÉó æóÃóäóÓò ÑóÖöíó Çááøóåõ ÚóäúåõãóÇ¡ æóÐóßóÑúÊõ ÈóÚúÖó ãóæóÇÖöÚó Ýöí ÇáúÈõÎóÇÑöíøö¡ æóÇáúÍóÏöíËõ ÃóíúÖðÇ Úóäú ÃóÈöí ãõæÓóì ÇáúÃóÔúÚóÑöíøö ÑóÖöíó Çááøóåõ Úóäúåõ Ýöí: ÇáúÈõÎóÇÑöíøö 1/132 (ßöÊóÇÈõ ÇáúÂÐóÇäö¡ ÈóÇÈõ Ãóåúáö ÇáúÚöáúãö æóÇáúÝóÖúáö ÃóÍóÞøõ ÈöÇáúÅöãóÇãóÉö) . æóÇáúÍóÏöíËõ Úóäö ÇÈúäö ÚõãóÑó ÑóÖöíó Çááøóåõ ÚóäúåõãóÇ Ýöí: ÇáúÈõÎóÇÑöíøö 1/133 (ÇáúßöÊóÇÈõ æóÇáúÈóÇÈõ ÇáÓøóÇÈöÞóÇäö) ¡ æóÇáúÍóÏöíËõ Ýöí: ãõÓúáöãò 1/313 - 316 (ßöÊóÇÈõ ÇáÕøóáóÇÉö¡ ÈóÇÈõ ÇÓúÊöÎúáóÇÝö ÇáúÅöãóÇãö ÅöÐóÇ ÚóÑóÖó áóåõ ÚõÐúÑñ) æóÃóãøóÇ ÍóÏöíËõ ÇÈúäö ÚóÈøóÇÓò ÑóÖöíó Çááøóåõ ÚóäúåõãóÇ ÝóÝöíåö ÇÎúÊöáóÇÝñ Ýöí ÇáúÃóáúÝóÇÙö¡ æóÅöäú ÊóäóÇæõáó äóÝúÓó ÇáúæóÇÞöÚóÉö æóåõæó Ýöí: ÇáúÈõÎóÇÑöíøö 1/134 - 135 (ßöÊóÇÈõ ÇáúÃóÐóÇäö¡ ÈóÇÈõ ÅöäøóãóÇ ÌõÚöáó ÇáúÅöãóÇãõ áöíõÄúÊóãøó Èöåö) . æóÇáúÍóÏöíËõ Úóäú ÚóÇÆöÔóÉó ÑóÖöíó Çááøóåõ ÚóäúåóÇ Ýöí Óõäóäö ÇáÊøöÑúãöÐöíøö 5/275 - 276 (ßöÊóÇÈõ ÇáúãóäóÇÞöÈö¡ ÈóÇÈõ 58 æóÞóÇáó ÇáÊøöÑúãöÐöíøõ: æóÝöí ÇáúÈóÇÈö Úóäú ÚóÈúÏö Çááøóåö Èúäö ãóÓúÚõæÏò æóÃóÈöí ãõæÓóì æóÇÈúäö ÚóÈøóÇÓò æóÓóÇáöãö Èúäö ÚõÈóíúÏò " æóÍóÏöíËõ ÚóÇÆöÔóÉó ÃóíúÖðÇ Ýöí ÇáúãõÓúäóÏö " Ø ÇáúÍóáóÈöíøö) 6/96¡ 202¡ 210¡ 224¡ 228¡ 229¡ 270(8/566)
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(5) ÇáúÍóÏöíËõ Úóäú ÃóäóÓò ÑóÖöíó Çááøóåõ Úóäúåõ: Ýöí ÇáúÈõÎóÇÑöíøö 1/132 - 133 (ßöÊóÇÈõ ÇáúÃóÐóÇäö - ÈóÇÈõ Ãóåúáö ÇáúÚöáúãö æóÇáúÝóÖúáö ÃóÍóÞøõ ÈöÇáúÅöãóÇãóÉö) ãõÓúáöãò 1/315 (ÈóÇÈõ ÇÓúÊöÎúáóÇÝö ÇáúÅöãóÇãö) . . ÍóÏöíËñ ÑóÞúãõ 98.(8/568)
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ÝóÞóæúáõ åóÄõáóÇÁö ÇáúßóÐøóÇÈöíäó: Åöäøó ÈöáóÇáðÇ áóãøóÇ ÃóÐøóäó ÃóãóÑóÊúåõ ÚóÇÆöÔóÉõ Ãóäú íõÞóÏøöãó ÃóÈóÇ ÈóßúÑò¡ ßóÐöÈñ æóÇÖöÍñ áóãú ÊóÃúãõÑúåõ ÚóÇÆöÔóÉõ Ãóäú íõÞóÏøöãó ÃóÈóÇ ÈóßúÑò¡ æóáóãú ÊóÃúãõÑúåõ ÈöÔóíúÁò æóáóÇ ÃóÎóÐó ÈöáóÇáñ Ðóáößó ÚóäúåóÇ¡ Èóáú åõæó ÇáøóÐöí ÂÐóäóåõ ÈöÇáÕøóáóÇÉö¡ æóÞóÇáó ÇáäøóÈöíøõ Õóáøóì Çááøóåõ Úóáóíúåö æóÓóáøóãó áößõáøö ãóäú ÍóÖóÑóåõ: áöÈöáóÇáò æóÛóíúÑöåö: " «ãõÑõæÇ ÃóÈóÇ ÈóßúÑò ÝóáúíõÕóáøö ÈöÇáäøóÇÓö» " Ýóáóãú íóÎõÕøó ÚóÇÆöÔóÉó ÈöÇáúÎöØóÇÈö¡ æóáóÇ ÓóãöÚó Ðóáößó ÈöáóÇáñ ãöäúåóÇ.
æóÞóæúáõåõ: " ÝóáóãøóÇ ÃóÝóÇÞó ÓóãöÚó ÇáÊøóßúÈöíÑó¡ ÝóÞóÇáó: ãóäú íõÕóáøöí ÈöÇáäøóÇÓö¿ ÝóÞóÇáõæÇ: ÃóÈõæ ÈóßúÑò¡ ÝóÞóÇáó: ÃóÎúÑöÌõæäöí ".
Ýóåõæó ßóÐöÈñ ÙóÇåöÑñ¡ ÝóÅöäøóåõ ÞóÏú ËóÈóÊó ÈöÇáäøõÕõæÕö (1) ÇáúãõÓúÊóÝöíÖóÉö ÇáøóÊöí ÇÊøóÝóÞó Ãóåúáõ ÇáúÚöáúãö ÈöÇáúÍóÏöíËö Úóáóì ÕöÍøóÊöåóÇ Ãóäøó ÃóÈóÇ ÈóßúÑò Õóáøóì Èöåöãú ÃóíøóÇãðÇ ÞóÈúáó ÎõÑõæÌöåö¡ ßóãóÇ Õóáøóì Èöåöãú ÃóíøóÇãðÇ ÈóÚúÏó ÎõÑõæÌöåö¡ æóÃóäøóåõ áóãú íõÕóáøö Èöåöãú Ýöí ãóÑóÖöåö ÛóíúÑõåõ.
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ÃóíøóÇãðÇ ãõÊóÚóÏøöÏóÉð ÚóÌóÒó ÝöíåóÇ Úóäö ÇáÕøóáóÇÉö (* ÈöÇáäøóÇÓö ÃóíøóÇãðÇ¡ Ýóãóäö ÇáøóÐöí ßóÇäó íõÕóáøöí Èöåöãú Êöáúßó ÇáúÃóíøóÇãó ÛóíúÑõ ÃóÈöí ÈóßúÑò¿ æóáóãú íóäúÞõáú ÃóÍóÏñ ÞóØøõ: áóÇ ÕóÇÏöÞñ *) (1) æóáóÇ ßóÇÐöÈñ: Ãóäøóåõ Õóáøóì Èöåöãú ÛóíúÑõ ÃóÈöí ÈóßúÑò¡ áóÇ ÚõãóÑõ æóáóÇ Úóáöíøñ æóáóÇ ÛóíúÑõåõãóÇ¡ æóÞóÏú ÕóáøóæúÇ ÌóãóÇÚóÉð¡ ÝóÚõáöãó Ãóäøó ÇáúãõÕóáøöíó Èöåöãú ßóÇäó ÃóÈóÇ ÈóßúÑò.
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ßóãóÇ Ýöí ÇáÕøóÍöíÍóíúäö Úóäú ÚóÇÆöÔóÉó ÞóÇáóÊú: «ÞóÇáó áöí ÑóÓõæáõ Çááøóåö Õóáøóì Çááøóåõ Úóáóíúåö æóÓóáøóãó: " ÇÏúÚöí áöí ÃóÈóÇßö æóÃóÎóÇßö ÍóÊøóì ÃóßúÊõÈó ßöÊóÇÈðÇ áöÃóÈöí ÈóßúÑò¡ ÝóÅöäøöí ÃóÎóÇÝõ Ãóäú íóÊóãóäøóì ãõÊóãóäøò¡ Ãóæú íóÞõæáó ÞóÇÆöáñ: ÃóäóÇ Ãóæúáóì¡ æóíóÃúÈóì Çááøóåõ æóÑóÓõæáõåõ æóÇáúãõÄúãöäõæäó ÅöáøóÇ ÃóÈóÇ ÈóßúÑò» " (2) .
æóÝöí ÇáúÈõÎóÇÑöíøö Úóäö ÇáúÞóÇÓöãö Èúäö ãõÍóãøóÏò ÞóÇáó: «ÞóÇáóÊú ÚóÇÆöÔóÉõ: æóÇÑóÃúÓóÇåõ¡ ÝóÞóÇáó ÇáäøóÈöíøõ Õóáøóì Çááøóåõ Úóáóíúåö æóÓóáøóãó: " ÐóÇßó áóæú ßóÇäó æóÃóäóÇ Íóíøñ¡ ÝóÃóÓúÊóÛúÝöÑó áóßö æóÃóÏúÚõæó áóßö " ÝóÞóÇáóÊú ÚóÇÆöÔóÉõ: æóÇËóßúáóÊóÇåõ¡ æóÇááøóåö Åöäøöí áöÃóÙõäøõßó ÊõÍöÈøõ ãóæúÊöí¡ Ýóáóæú ßóÇäó Ðóáößó áóÙóáóáúÊó ÂÎöÑó íóæúãößó ãõÚóÑøöÓðÇ ÈöÈóÚúÖö ÃóÒúæóÇÌößó¡ ÝóÞóÇáó ÇáäøóÈöíøõ Õóáøóì Çááøóåõ Úóáóíúåö æóÓóáøóãó: " æóÇÑóÃúÓóÇåõ áóÞóÏú åóãóãúÊõ Ãóäú ÃõÑúÓöáó Åöáóì ÃóÈöí ÈóßúÑò æóÇÈúäöåö æóÃóÚúåóÏó
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(1) ãóÇ Èóíúäó ÇáäøóÌúãóÊóíúäö ÓóÇÞöØñ ãöäú (ã)
(2) ÊóÞóÏøóãó åóÐóÇ ÇáúÍóÏöíËõ 1/492(8/570)
Ãóäú íóÞõæáó ÇáúÞóÇÆöáõæäó¡ Ãóæú íóÊóãóäøóì ÇáúãõÊóãóäøõæäó¡ æóíóÏúÝóÚõ Çááøóåõ æóíóÃúÈóì ÇáúãõÄúãöäõæäó» " (1) .
æóåóÐóÇ ÇáúÍóÏöíËõ ÇáÕøóÍöíÍõ Ýöíåö åóãøõåõ ÈöÃóäú íóßúÊõÈó áöÃóÈöí ÈóßúÑò ßöÊóÇÈðÇ ÈöÇáúÎöáóÇÝóÉö ; áöÆóáøóÇ íóÞõæáó ÞóÇÆöáñ: ÃóäóÇ (2) Ãóæúáóì¡ Ëõãøó ÞóÇáó: " «íóÃúÈóì Çááøóåõ Ðóáößó æóÇáúãõÄúãöäõæäó» " ÝóáóãøóÇ Úóáöãó ÇáÑøóÓõæáõ Ãóäøó Çááøóåó ÊóÚóÇáóì áóÇ íóÎúÊóÇÑõ ÅöáøóÇ ÃóÈóÇ ÈóßúÑò¡ æóÇáúãõÄúãöäõæäó áóÇ íóÎúÊóÇÑõæäó ÅöáøóÇ ÅöíøóÇåõ ÇßúÊóÝóì ÈöÐóáößó Úóäö ÇáúßöÊóÇÈö¡ ÝóÃóÈúÚóÏó Çááøóåõ ãóäú áóÇ íóÎúÊóÇÑõ ãóÇ ÇÎúÊóÇÑóåõ Çááøóåõ æóÑóÓõæáõåõ æóÇáúãõÄúãöäõæäó.
æóÞóÏú ÃóÑóÇÏó ÇáäøóÈöíøõ Õóáøóì Çááøóåõ Úóáóíúåö æóÓóáøóãó Ðóáößó ãóÑøóÊóíúäö Ýöí ãóÑóÖöåö¡ (* «ÞóÇáó áöÚóÇÆöÔóÉó: " ÇÏúÚöí áöí ÃóÈóÇßö æóÃóÎóÇßö» "¡ æóÞóÇáó ÞóÈúáó Ðóáößó áóãøóÇ ÇÔúÊóßóÊú ÚóÇÆöÔóÉõ: " «áóÞóÏú åóãóãúÊõ Ãóäøó ÃóßõÊõÈó áöÃóÈöí ÈóßúÑò ßöÊóÇÈðÇ» " (3) .
Ëõãøó Åöäøóåõ ÚóÒóãó íóæúãó ÇáúÎóãöíÓö Ýöí ãóÑóÖöåö *) (4) Úóáóì ÇáúßöÊóÇÈö ãóÑøóÉð ÃõÎúÑóì¡ ßóãóÇ Ýöí ÇáÕøóÍöíÍóíúäö Úóäö ÇÈúäö ÚóÈøóÇÓò Ãóäøóåõ ÞóÇáó: " «íóæúãõ ÇáúÎóãöíÓö æóãóÇ íóæúãõ ÇáúÎóãöíÓö¡ ÇÔúÊóÏøó ÈöÑóÓõæáö Çááøóåö Õóáøóì Çááøóåõ Úóáóíúåö æóÓóáøóãó ÇáúæóÌóÚõ¡ ÝóÞóÇáó: " ÇÆúÊõæäöí ÈößóÊöÝò ÃóßõÊõÈú áóßõãú ßöÊóÇÈðÇ áóÇ ÊóÖöáøõæÇ ÈóÚúÏóåõ ÃóÈóÏðÇ " ÝóÊóäóÇÒóÚõæÇ æóáóÇ íóäúÈóÛöí ÚöäúÏó äóÈöíøò ÊóäóÇÒõÚñ¡ ÝóÞóÇáõæÇ: ãóÇ ÔóÃúäõåõ åóÌóÑó¿ ÇÓúÊóÝúåöãõæåõ¡ ÝóÐóåóÈõæÇ íóÑõÏøõæäó Úóáóíúåö¡ ÝóÞóÇáó: " ÐóÑõæäöí ÝóÇáøóÐöí ÃóäóÇ Ýöíåö ÎóíúÑñ ãöãøóÇ ÊóÏúÚõæäóäöí Åöáóíúåö " ÝóÃóãóÑóåõãú ÈöËóáóÇËò¡ ÝóÞóÇáó: " ÃóÎúÑöÌõæÇ ÇáúíóåõæÏó ãöäú ÌóÒöíÑóÉö ÇáúÚóÑóÈö¡ æóÃóÌöíÒõæÇ ÇáúæóÝúÏó ÈöäóÍúæö ãóÇ ßõäúÊõ ÃõÌöíÒõåõãú " æóÓóßóÊó Úóäö ÇáËøóÇáöËóÉö¡ Ãóæú ÞóÇáó: ÝóäóÓöíÊõåóÇ» " (5) .
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(1) ÊóÞóÏøóãó åóÐóÇ ÇáúÍóÏöíËõ 1/496 - 497
(2) ã: áöÆóáøóÇ íóÞõæáó ÇáúÞóÇÆöáõ: Åöäøöí. .
(3) ÊóÞóÏøóãó åóÐóÇ ÇáúÍóÏöíËõ 1/492
(4) ãóÇ Èóíúäó ÇáäøóÌúãóÊóíúäö ÓóÇÞöØñ ãöäú (ã)
(5) ã: Ãóæú ÞóÇáóåóÇ ÝóäóÓöíóåóÇ¡ Ó: Ãóæú ÞóÇáó ÝóäóÓöíóåóÇ. æóÇäúÙõÑú ãóÇ ÓóÈóÞó.(8/571)
æóÝöí ÑöæóÇíóÉò Ýöí ÇáÕøóÍöíÍóíúäö ÞóÇáó: " «æóÝöí ÇáúÈóíúÊö ÑöÌóÇáñ Ýöíåöãú ÚõãóÑõ¡ ÝóÞóÇáó ÇáäøóÈöíøõ Õóáøóì Çááøóåõ Úóáóíúåö æóÓóáøóãó: " åóáõãøõæÇ ÃóßúÊõÈú áóßõãú ßöÊóÇÈðÇ áóäú ÊóÖöáøõæÇ ÈóÚúÏóåõ» " ÝóÞóÇáó ÈóÚúÖõåõãú - æóÝöí ÑöæóÇíóÉö ÚõãóÑó -: «ÑóÓõæáõ Çááøóåö Õóáøóì Çááøóåõ Úóáóíúåö æóÓóáøóãó ÞóÏú ÛóáóÈó Úóáóíúåö ÇáúæóÌóÚõ¡ æóÚöäúÏóßõãõ ÇáúÞõÑúÂäõ ÍóÓúÈõßõãú ßöÊóÇÈó Çááøóåö¡ ÝóÇÎúÊóáóÝó Ãóåúáõ ÇáúÈóíúÊö æóÇÎúÊóÕóãõæÇ¡ Ýóãöäúåõãú ãóäú íóÞõæáõ: ÞóÑøöÈõæÇ íóßúÊõÈú áóßõãú¡ æóãöäúåõãú ãóäú íóÞõæáõ: ãóÇ ÞóÇáó ÚõãóÑõ¡ æóãöäúåõãú ãóäú íóÞõæáõ (1) ÛóíúÑó Ðóáößó¡ ÝóáóãøóÇ ÃóßúËóÑõæÇ ÇááøóÛóØó ÞóÇáó: " ÞõæãõæÇ Úóäøöí» " ÞóÇáó ÚõÈóíúÏõ Çááøóåö ÇáÑøóÇæöí (2) Úóäö ÇáÒøõåúÑöíøö ÞóÇáó ÇÈúäõ ÚóÈøóÇÓò: Åöäøó ÇáÑøóÒöíøóÉó ßõáøó ÇáÑøóÒöíøóÉö ãóÇ ÍóÇáó Èóíúäó ÑóÓõæáö Çááøóåö Õóáøóì Çááøóåõ Úóáóíúåö æóÓóáøóãó æóÈóíúäó ßöÊóÇÈöåö " (3) ¡ ÝóÍóÕóáó áóåõãú Ôóßøñ: åóáú Þóæúáõåõ: " «ÃóßúÊõÈú áóßõãú ßöÊóÇÈðÇ áóäú ÊóÖöáøõæÇ (4) ÈóÚúÏóåõ» " åõæó ãöãøóÇ ÃóæúÌóÈóåõ ÇáúãóÑóÖõ¡ Ãóæú åõæó ÇáúÍóÞøõ ÇáøóÐöí íóÌöÈõ ÇÊøöÈóÇÚõåõ¿ æóÅöÐóÇ ÍóÕóáó ÇáÔøóßøõ áóåõãú áóãú íóÍúÕõáú Èöåö ÇáúãóÞúÕõæÏõ¡ ÝóÃóãúÓóßó Úóäúåõ æóßóÇäó áöÑóÃúÝóÊöåö (5) ÈöÇáúÃõãøóÉö íõÍöÈøõ Ãóäú íóÑúÝóÚó ÇáúÎöáóÇÝó ÈóíúäóåóÇ¡ æóíóÏúÚõæó Çááøóåó ÈöÐóáößó¡ æóáóßöäøó ÞóÏóÑó Çááøóåö ÞóÏú ãóÖóì ÈöÃóäøóåõ áóÇ ÈõÏøó ãöäó ÇáúÎöáóÇÝö.
ßóãóÇ Ýöí ÇáÕøóÍöíÍö Úóäúåõ Ãóäøóåõ ÞóÇáó: " «ÓóÃóáúÊõ ÑóÈøöí ËóáóÇËðÇ¡ ÝóÃóÚúØóÇäöí ÇËúäóÊóíúäö æóãóäóÚóäöí æóÇÍöÏóÉð: ÓóÃóáúÊõåõ Ãóäú áóÇ íõÓóáøöØó Úóáóì ÃõãøóÊöí ÚóÏõæøðÇ ãöäú ÛóíúÑöåöãú
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(1) (1 - 1) : ÓóÇÞöØñ ãöäú (Ó) ¡ (È)
(2) ä¡ Ó: ÇáÑøóÇÒöíøõ
(3) ÊóÞóÏøóãó åóÐóÇ ÇáúÍóÏöíËõ
(4) ä¡ Ó¡ Ó áóÇ ÊóÖöáøõæÇ
(5) ä¡ ã¡ Ó: æóßóÇäó ÇáÑøóÃúÝóÉó.(8/572)
ÝóíóÌúÊóÇÍõåõãú (1) ÝóÃóÚúØóÇäöíåóÇ¡ æóÓóÃóáúÊõåõ Ãóäú áóÇ íõåúáößóåõãú ÈöÓóäóÉò ÚóÇãøóÉò ÝóÃóÚúØóÇäöíåóÇ¡ æóÓóÃóáóÊõåõ Ãóäú áóÇ íóÌúÚóáó ÈóÃúÓóåõãú Èóíúäóåõãú ÝóãóäóÚóäöíåóÇ» " (2) .
æóáöåóÐóÇ ÞóÇáó ÇÈúäõ ÚóÈøóÇÓò: " Åöäøó ÇáÑøóÒöíøóÉó ßõáøó ÇáÑøóÒöíøóÉö ãóÇ ÍóÇáó Èóíúäó ÇáäøóÈöíøö Õóáøóì Çááøóåõ Úóáóíúåö æóÓóáøóãó æóÈóíúäó ÇáúßöÊóÇÈö "¡ ÝóÅöäøó Ðóáößó ÑóÒöíøóÉñ Ýöí ÍóÞøö ãóäú Ôóßøó Ýöí ÎöáóÇÝóÉö ÇáÕøöÏøöíÞö¡ æóÞóÏóÍó ÝöíåóÇ ÅöÐú áóæú ßóÇäó ÇáúßöÊóÇÈõ ÇáøóÐöí åóãøó Èöåö ÃóãúÖóÇåõ áóßóÇäóÊú ÔõÈúåóÉõ åóÐóÇ ÇáúãõÑúÊóÇÈö ÊóÒõæáõ ÈöÐóáößó¡ æóíóÞõæáõ: ÎöáóÇÝóÊõåõ ËóÈóÊóÊú (3) ÈöÇáäøóÕøö ÇáÕøóÑöíÍö ÇáúÌóáöíøö¡ ÝóáóãøóÇ áóãú íõæÌóÏú åóÐóÇ ßóÇäó ÑóÒöíøóÉð Ýöí ÍóÞøöåö ãöäú ÛóíúÑö ÊóÝúÑöíØò ãöäó Çááøóåö æóÑóÓõæáöåö¡ Èóáú ÞóÏú ÈóáøóÛó ÑóÓõæáõ Çááøóåö Õóáøóì Çááøóåõ Úóáóíúåö æóÓóáøóãó ÇáúÈóáóÇÛó ÇáúãõÈöíäó¡ æóÈóíøóäó ÇáúÃóÏöáøóÉó ÇáúßóËöíÑóÉó ÇáÏøóÇáøóÉó Úóáóì Ãóäøó ÇáÕøöÏøöíÞó ÃóÍóÞøõ ÈöÇáúÎöáóÇÝóÉö ãöäú ÛóíúÑöåö¡ æóÃóäøóåõ ÇáúãõÞóÏøóãõ.
æóáóíúÓóÊú åóÐöåö ÑóÒöíøóÉð Ýöí ÍóÞøö Ãóåúáö ÇáÊøóÞúæóì ÇáøóÐöíäó íóåúÊóÏõæäó ÈöÇáúÞõÑúÂäö¡ æóÅöäøóãóÇ ßóÇäóÊú ÑóÒöíøóÉð Ýöí ÍóÞøö ãóäú Ýöí ÞóáúÈöåö ãóÑóÖñ¡ ßóãóÇ ßóÇäó äóÓúÎõ ãóÇ äóÓóÎóåõ Çááøóåõ¡ æóÅöäúÒóÇáõ ÇáúÞõÑúÂäö¡ æóÇäúåöÒóÇãõ ÇáúãõÓúáöãöíäó íóæúãó ÃõÍõÏò¡ æóÛóíúÑõ Ðóáößó ãöäú ãóÕóÇÆöÈö ÇáÏøõäúíóÇ ÑóÒöíøóÉð Ýöí ÍóÞøö ãóäú Ýöí ÞóáúÈöåö ãóÑóÖñ.
ÞóÇáó ÊóÚóÇáóì: {ÝóÃóãøóÇ ÇáøóÐöíäó Ýöí ÞõáõæÈöåöãú ÒóíúÛñ ÝóíóÊøóÈöÚõæäó ãóÇ ÊóÔóÇÈóåó ãöäúåõ ÇÈúÊöÛóÇÁó ÇáúÝöÊúäóÉö æóÇÈúÊöÛóÇÁó ÊóÃúæöíáöåö} [ÓõæÑóÉõ Âáö ÚöãúÑóÇäó: 7] .
æóÅöäú ßóÇäóÊú åóÐöåö ÇáúÃõãõæÑõ Ýöí ÍóÞøö ãóäú åóÏóÇåõ Çááøóåõ ãöãøóÇ íóÒöíÏõåõãõ Çááøóåõ Èöåö ÚöáúãðÇ æóÅöíãóÇäðÇ.
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(1) ÝóíóÌúÊóÇÍõåõãú ÓóÇÞöØóÉñ ãöäú (Ó) ¡ (È)
(2) ÊóÞóÏøóãó åóÐóÇ ÇáúÍóÏöíËõ ÝöíãóÇ ãóÖóì
(3) ä: ÊóËúÈõÊõ(8/573)
æóåóÐóÇ ßóæõÌõæÏö ÇáÔøóíóÇØöíäö ãöäó ÇáúÌöäøö æóÇáúÅöäúÓö íóÑúÝóÚõ Çááøóåõ Èöåö ÏóÑóÌóÇÊö Ãóåúáö (1) ÇáúÅöíãóÇäö ÈöãõÎóÇáóÝóÊöåöãú æóãõÌóÇåóÏóÊöåöãú ãóÚó ãóÇ Ýöí æõÌõæÏöåöãú ãöäó ÇáúÝöÊúäóÉö áöãóäú ÃóÖóáøõæåõ æóÃóÛúæóæúåõ.
æóåóÐóÇ ßóÞóæúáöåö ÊóÚóÇáóì: {æóãóÇ ÌóÚóáúäóÇ ÚöÏøóÊóåõãú ÅöáøóÇ ÝöÊúäóÉð áöáøóÐöíäó ßóÝóÑõæÇ áöíóÓúÊóíúÞöäó ÇáøóÐöíäó ÃõæÊõæÇ ÇáúßöÊóÇÈó æóíóÒúÏóÇÏó ÇáøóÐöíäó ÂãóäõæÇ ÅöíãóÇäðÇ} [ÓõæÑóÉõ ÇáúãõÏøóËøöÑö: 31] .
æóÞóæúáöåö: {æóãóÇ ÌóÚóáúäóÇ ÇáúÞöÈúáóÉó ÇáøóÊöí ßõäúÊó ÚóáóíúåóÇ ÅöáøóÇ áöäóÚúáóãó ãóäú íóÊøóÈöÚõ ÇáÑøóÓõæáó ãöãøóäú íóäúÞóáöÈõ Úóáóì ÚóÞöÈóíúåö} [ÓõæÑóÉõ ÇáúÈóÞóÑóÉö: 143] .
æóÞóæúáö ãõæÓóì: {Åöäú åöíó ÅöáøóÇ ÝöÊúäóÊõßó ÊõÖöáøõ ÈöåóÇ ãóäú ÊóÔóÇÁõ æóÊóåúÏöí ãóäú ÊóÔóÇÁõ} [ÓõæÑóÉõ ÇáúÃóÚúÑóÇÝö: 155] .
æóÞóæúáöåö: {ÅöäøóÇ ãõÑúÓöáõæ ÇáäøóÇÞóÉö ÝöÊúäóÉð áóåõãú} [ÓõæÑóÉõ ÇáúÞóãóÑö: 27] .
æóÞóæúáöåö: {æóãóÇ ÃóÑúÓóáúäóÇ ãöäú ÞóÈúáößó ãöäú ÑóÓõæáò æóáóÇ äóÈöíøò ÅöáøóÇ ÅöÐóÇ Êóãóäøóì ÃóáúÞóì ÇáÔøóíúØóÇäõ Ýöí ÃõãúäöíøóÊöåö ÝóíóäúÓóÎõ Çááøóåõ ãóÇ íõáúÞöí ÇáÔøóíúØóÇäõ Ëõãøó íõÍúßöãõ Çááøóåõ ÂíóÇÊöåö æóÇááøóåõ Úóáöíãñ Íóßöíãñ - áöíóÌúÚóáó ãóÇ íõáúÞöí ÇáÔøóíúØóÇäõ ÝöÊúäóÉð áöáøóÐöíäó Ýöí ÞõáõæÈöåöãú ãóÑóÖñ æóÇáúÞóÇÓöíóÉö ÞõáõæÈõåõãú æóÅöäøó ÇáÙøóÇáöãöíäó áóÝöí ÔöÞóÇÞò ÈóÚöíÏò - æóáöíóÚúáóãó ÇáøóÐöíäó ÃõæÊõæÇ ÇáúÚöáúãó Ãóäøóåõ ÇáúÍóÞøõ ãöäú ÑóÈøößó ÝóíõÄúãöäõæÇ Èöåö ÝóÊõÎúÈöÊó áóåõ ÞõáõæÈõåõãú æóÅöäøó Çááøóåó áóåóÇÏö ÇáøóÐöíäó ÂãóäõæÇ Åöáóì ÕöÑóÇØò ãõÓúÊóÞöíãò} [ÓõæÑóÉõ ÇáúÍóÌøö: 52 - 54] .
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(1) Ãóåúáö: ÓóÇÞöØóÉñ ãöäú (Ó) ¡ (È) .(8/574)
[ÝÕá: ÇáäøóÈöíøõ ÃóÑúÔóÏó ÇáúÃõãøóÉó Åöáóì ÎöáóÇÝóÉö ÇáÕøöÏøöíÞö]
ÝóÕúáñ (1) .
æóÞóÏú ÊóÞóÏøóãó ÇáÊøóäúÈöíåõ Úóáóì Ãóäøó ÇáäøóÈöíøó Õóáøóì Çááøóåõ Úóáóíúåö æóÓóáøóãó ÃóÑúÔóÏó ÇáúÃõãøóÉó Åöáóì ÎöáóÇÝóÉö ÇáÕøöÏøöíÞö æóÏóáøóåõãú ÚóáóíúåóÇ¡ æóÈóíøóäó áóåõãú Ãóäøóåõ ÃóÍóÞøõ ÈöåóÇ ãöäú ÛóíúÑöåö.
ãöËúáõ ãóÇ ÃóÎúÑóÌóÇåõ Ýöí ÇáÕøóÍöíÍóíúäö Úóäú ÌõÈóíúÑö Èúäö ãõØúÚöãò «Ãóäøó ÇãúÑóÃóÉð ÓóÃóáóÊö ÇáäøóÈöíøó Õóáøóì Çááøóåõ Úóáóíúåö æóÓóáøóãó ÔóíúÆðÇ ÝóÃóãóÑóåóÇ Ãóäú ÊóÑúÌöÚó Åöáóíúåö¡ ÝóÞóÇáóÊú: íóÇ ÑóÓõæáó Çááøóåö: ÃóÑóÃóíúÊó Åöäú ÌöÆúÊõ Ýóáóãú ÃóÌöÏúßó¿ - ßóÃóäøóåóÇ ÊóÚúäöí ÇáúãóæúÊó - ÞóÇáó: " ÝóÅöäú áóãú ÊóÌöÏöíäöí ÝóÃúÊöí ÃóÈóÇ ÈóßúÑò» " (2) .
æóÇáÑøóÓõæáõ Úóáöãó Ãóäøó Çááøóåó áóÇ íóÎúÊóÇÑõ ÛóíúÑóåõ (3) ¡ æóÇáúãõÄúãöäõæäó áóÇ íóÎúÊóÇÑõæäó ÛóíúÑóåõ¡ æóáöÐóáößó ÞóÇáó: «íóÃúÈóì Çááøóåõ æóÇáúãõÄúãöäõæäó ÅöáøóÇ ÃóÈóÇ ÈóßúÑò» " ÝóßóÇäó ÝöíãóÇ Ïóáøóåõãú Èöåö ãöäó ÇáÏøóáóÇÆöáö ÇáÔøóÑúÚöíøóÉö¡ æóãóÇ Úóáöãó ÈöÃóäøó Çááøóåó ÓóíõÞóÏøöÑõåõ ãöäó ÇáúÎóíúÑö ÇáúãõæóÇÝöÞö áöÃóãúÑöåö æóÑöÖóÇåõ ãóÇ íóÍúÕõáõ Èöåö ÊóãóÇãõ ÇáúÍößúãóÉö Ýöí ÎóáúÞöåö æóÃóãúÑöåö¡ ÞóÏóÑðÇ æóÔóÑúÚðÇ.
æóÞóÏú ÐóßóÑúäóÇ Ãóäøó ãóÇ ÇÎúÊóÇÑóåõ Çááøóåõ ßóÇäó ÃóÝúÖóáó Ýöí ÍóÞøö ÇáúÃõãøóÉö (4) ãöäú æõÌõæåò¡ æóÃóäøóåõãú ÅöÐóÇ æóáøóæúÇ ÈöÚöáúãöåöãú æóÇÎúÊöíóÇÑöåöãú ãóäú ÚóáöãõæÇ Ãóäøóåõ ÇáúÃóÍóÞøõ ÈöÇáúæöáóÇíóÉö ÚöäúÏó Çááøóåö æóÑóÓõæáöåö ßóÇäó Ýöí Ðóáößó ãöäó ÇáúãóÕóÇáöÍö ÇáÔøóÑúÚöíøóÉö ãóÇ áóÇ íóÍúÕõáõ ÈöÏõæäö Ðóáößó.
æóÈóíóÇäõ ÇáúÃóÍúßóÇãö íóÍúÕõáõ ÊóÇÑóÉð ÈöÇáäøóÕøö ÇáúÌóáöíøö ÇáúãõÄóßøóÏö¡ æóÊóÇÑóÉð ÈöÇáäøóÕøö
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ÇáúÌóáöíøö ÇáúãõÌóÑøóÏö¡ æóÊóÇÑóÉð ÈöÇáäøóÕøö ÇáøóÐöí ÞóÏú íóÚúÑöÖõ áöÈóÚúÖö ÇáäøóÇÓö Ýöíåö ÔõÈúåóÉñ ÈöÍóÓóÈö ãóÔöíÆóÉö Çááøóåö æóÍößúãóÊöåö.
æóÐóáößó ßõáøõåõ ÏóÇÎöáñ Ýöí ÇáúÈóáóÇÛö ÇáúãõÈöíäö¡ ÝóÅöäøóåõ ãóäú áóíúÓó (1) ÔóÑúØõ ÇáúÈóáóÇÛö ÇáúãõÈöíäö Ãóäú áóÇ íõÔúßöáó Úóáóì ÃóÍóÏò¡ ÝóÅöäøó åóÐóÇ áóÇ íóäúÖóÈöØõ¡ æóÃóÐúåóÇäõ ÇáäøóÇÓö æóÃóåúæóÇÄõåõãú ãõÊóÝóÇæöÊóÉñ ÊóÝóÇæõÊðÇ ÚóÙöíãðÇ¡ æóÝöíåöãú ãóäú íóÈúáõÛõåõ ÇáúÚöáúãõ¡ æóÝöíåöãú ãóäú áóÇ íóÈúáõÛõåõ ÅöãøóÇ áöÊóÝúÑöíØöåö æóÅöãøóÇ áöÚóÌúÒöåö.
æóÅöäøóãóÇ Úóáóì ÇáÑøóÓõæáö ÇáúÈóáóÇÛõ ÇáúãõÈöíäõ: ÇáúÈóíóÇäõ Çáúãõãúßöäõ¡ æóåóÐóÇ - æóáöáøóåö ÇáúÍóãúÏõ - ÞóÏú ÍóÕóáó ãöäúåõ Õóáøóì Çááøóåõ Úóáóíúåö æóÓóáøóãó¡ ÝóÅöäøóåõ ÈóáøóÛó ÇáúÈóáóÇÛó ÇáúãõÈöíäó¡ æóÊóÑóßó ÇáúÃõãøóÉó Úóáóì ÇáúÈóíúÖóÇÁö áóíúáõåóÇ ßóäóåóÇÑöåóÇ áóÇ íóÒöíÛõ ÚóäúåóÇ ÈóÚúÏóåõ ÅöáøóÇ åóÇáößñ¡ æóãóÇ ÊóÑóßó ãöäú ÔóíúÁò íõÞóÑøöÈõ Åöáóì ÇáúÌóäøóÉö ÅöáøóÇ ÃóãóÑó ÇáúÎóáúÞó Èöåö¡ æóáóÇ ãöäú ÔóíúÁò íõÞóÑøöÈõåõãú ãöäó ÇáäøóÇÑö ÅöáøóÇ äóåóÇåõãú Úóäúåõ¡ ÝóÌóÒóÇåõ Çááøóåõ Úóäú ÃõãøóÊöåö ÃóÝúÖóáó ãóÇ ÌóÒóì äóÈöíøðÇ Úóäú ÃõãøóÊöåö.
æóÃóíúÖðÇ ÝóÃóãúÑõ ÇáäøóÈöíøö (2) Õóáøóì Çááøóåõ Úóáóíúåö æóÓóáøóãó ÃóÈóÇ ÈóßúÑò ÈöÇáÕøóáóÇÉö ÈöÇáäøóÇÓö ÅöÐóÇ ÛóÇÈó¡ æóÅöÞúÑóÇÑõåõ ÅöÐóÇ ÍóÖóÑó ÞóÏú ßóÇäó Ýöí ÕöÍøóÊöåö ÞóÈúáó åóÐöåö ÇáúãóÑøóÉö.
ßóãóÇ Ýöí ÇáÕøóÍöíÍóíúäö Úóäú Óóåúáö Èúäö ÓóÚúÏò «Ãóäøó ÇáäøóÈöíøó Õóáøóì Çááøóåõ Úóáóíúåö æóÓóáøóãó ÐóåóÈó Åöáóì Èóäöí ÚóãúÑöæ Èúäö ÚóæúÝò áöíõÕúáöÍó Èóíúäóåõãú¡ ÝóÍóÇäóÊö ÇáÕøóáóÇÉõ ÝóÌóÇÁó ÇáúãõÄóÐøöäõ Åöáóì ÃóÈöí ÈóßúÑò¡ ÝóÞóÇáó: ÃóÊõÕóáøöí ÈöÇáäøóÇÓö ÝóÃõÞöíãó¿ ÞóÇáó: äóÚóãú¡ ÝóÕóáøóì ÃóÈõæ ÈóßúÑò¡ ÝóÌóÇÁó ÇáäøóÈöíøõ Õóáøóì Çááøóåõ Úóáóíúåö æóÓóáøóãó Ýöí ÇáÕøóáóÇÉö ÝóÊóÎóáøóÕó ÍóÊøóì æóÞóÝó Ýöí ÇáÕøóáóÇÉö¡ ÝóÕóÝøóÞó ÇáäøóÇÓõ æóßóÇäó ÃóÈõæ ÈóßúÑò áóÇ íóáúÊóÝöÊõ Ýöí ÇáÕøóáóÇÉö¡ ÝóáóãøóÇ ÃóßúËóÑó ÇáäøóÇÓõ ãöäó ÇáÊøóÕúÝöíÞö ÇáúÊóÝóÊó¡ ÝóÑóÃóì ÑóÓõæáó Çááøóåö Õóáøóì Çááøóåõ
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Úóáóíúåö æóÓóáøóãó¡ ÝóÃóÔóÇÑó Åöáóíúåö ÑóÓõæáõ Çááøóåö Õóáøóì Çááøóåõ Úóáóíúåö æóÓóáøóãó Ãóäö ÇãúßõËú ãóßóÇäóßó¡ ÝóÑóÝóÚó ÃóÈõæ ÈóßúÑò íóÏóíúåö¡ ÝóÍóãöÏó Çááøóåó Úóáóì ãóÇ ÃóãóÑóåõ Èöåö ÑóÓõæáõ Çááøóåö Õóáøóì Çááøóåõ Úóáóíúåö æóÓóáøóãó ãöäú Ðóáößó¡ Ëõãøó ÇÓúÊóÃúÎóÑó ÃóÈõæ ÈóßúÑò ÍóÊøóì ÇÓúÊóæóì Ýöí ÇáÕøóÝøö¡ æóÊóÞóÏøóãó ÇáäøóÈöíøõ Õóáøóì Çááøóåõ Úóáóíúåö æóÓóáøóãó ÝóÕóáøóì Èöåöãú¡ Ëõãøó ÇäúÕóÑóÝó¡ ÝóÞóÇáó: " íóÇ ÃóÈóÇ ÈóßúÑò ãóÇ ãóäóÚóßó Ãóäú ÊóËúÈõÊó ÅöÐú ÃóãóÑúÊõßó¿ " ÝóÞóÇáó ÃóÈõæ ÈóßúÑò: ãóÇ ßóÇäó áöÇÈúäö ÃóÈöí ÞõÍóÇÝóÉó Ãóäú íõÕóáøöíó Èóíúäó íóÏóíú ÑóÓõæáö Çááøóåö Õóáøóì Çááøóåõ Úóáóíúåö æóÓóáøóãó ÝóÞóÇáó ÑóÓõæáõ Çááøóåö Õóáøóì Çááøóåõ Úóáóíúåö æóÓóáøóãó: " ãóÇ áöí ÃóÑóÇßõãú ÃóßúËóÑúÊõãõ ÇáÊøóÕúÝöíÞó¿ ãóäú äóÇÈóåõ ÔóíúÁñ Ýöí ÕóáóÇÊöåö ÝóáúíõÓóÈøöÍú¡ ÝóÅöäøóåõ ÅöÐóÇ ÓóÈøóÍó ÇáúÊõÝöÊó Åöáóíúåö¡ æóÅöäøóãóÇ ÇáÊøóÕúÝöíÞõ áöáäøöÓóÇÁö» " æóÝöí ÑöæóÇíóÉò: " «ÝóÌóÇÁó ÑóÓõæáõ Çááøóåö Õóáøóì Çááøóåõ Úóáóíúåö æóÓóáøóãó ÝóÎóÑóÞó ÇáÕøõÝõæÝó ÍóÊøóì ÞóÇãó ÚöäúÏó ÇáÕøóÝøö ÇáúãõÞóÏøóãö¡ æóÝöíåóÇ: Ãóäøó ÃóÈóÇ ÈóßúÑò ÑóÌóÚó ÇáúÞóåúÞóÑóì¡ æóÝöí ÑöæóÇíóÉò áöáúÈõÎóÇÑöíøö: ÝóÌóÇÁó ÈöáóÇáñ Åöáóì ÃóÈöí ÈóßúÑò ÝóÞóÇáó: íóÇ ÃóÈóÇ ÈóßúÑò Åöäøó ÑóÓõæáó Çááøóåö Õóáøóì Çááøóåõ Úóáóíúåö æóÓóáøóãó ÞóÏú ÍõÈöÓó æóÞóÏú ÍóÇäóÊö ÇáÕøóáóÇÉõ¡ Ýóåóáú áóßó Ãóäú ÊóÄõãøó ÇáäøóÇÓó¿ ÝóÞóÇáó: äóÚóãú Åöäú ÔöÆúÊó¡ æóÝöí ÑöæóÇíóÉò: " ÃóíøõåóÇ ÇáäøóÇÓõ ãóÇ áóßõãú Íöíäó äóÇÈóßõãú ÔóíúÁñ Ýöí ÕóáóÇÊößõãú ÃóÎóÐúÊõãú Ýöí ÇáÊøóÕúÝöíÞö¡ ÅöäøóãóÇ ÇáÊøóÕúÝöíÞõ áöáäøöÓóÇÁö ãóäú äóÇÈóåõ ÔóíúÁñ Ýöí ÕóáóÇÊöåö ÝóáúíóÞõáú: ÓõÈúÍóÇäó Çááøóåö¡ ÝóÅöäøóåõ áóÇ íóÓúãóÚõåõ ÃóÍóÏñ íóÞõæáõ: ÓõÈúÍóÇäó Çááøóåö ÅöáøóÇ ÇáúÊóÝóÊó¡ íóÇ ÃóÈóÇ ÈóßúÑò ãóÇ ãóäóÚóßó Ãóäú ÊõÕóáøöí ÈöÇáäøóÇÓö Íöíäó ÃóÔóÑúÊõ Åöáóíúßó¿ " æóÝöí ÑöæóÇíóÉò: Ãóäøó Êöáúßó ÇáÕøóáóÇÉó ßóÇäóÊú ÕóáóÇÉó ÇáúÚóÕúÑö¡ æóÃóäøó ÇáäøóÈöíøó Õóáøóì Çááøóåõ Úóáóíúåö æóÓóáøóãó ÐóåóÈó Åöáóì Èóäöí ÚóãúÑöæ Èúäö ÚóæúÝò ÈóÚúÏó ãóÇ Õóáøóì ÇáÙøõåúÑó¡ æóÝöíåö ÝóáóãøóÇ ÃóæúãóÃó Åöáóíúåö ÇáäøóÈöíøõ Õóáøóì Çááøóåõ Úóáóíúåö æóÓóáøóãó Ãóäö ÇãúÖöåú¡ æóÃóæúãóÃó ÈöíóÏöåö åóßóÐóÇ¡ ÝóáóÈöËó ÃóÈõæ ÈóßúÑò åõäóíúåóÉð íóÍúãóÏõ Çááøóåó Úóáóì Þóæúáö ÑóÓõæáö Çááøóåö Õóáøóì Çááøóåõ Úóáóíúåö æóÓóáøóãó¡ Ëõãøó ãóÔóì ÇáúÞóåúÞóÑóì.(8/577)
æóÝöí ÑöæóÇíóÉò: Ãóäøó Ãóåúáó ÞõÈóÇÁò ÇÞúÊóÊóáõæÇ ÍóÊøóì ÊóÑóÇãóæúÇ ÈöÇáúÍöÌóÇÑóÉö¡ ÝóÃõÎúÈöÑó ÑóÓõæáõ Çááøóåö Õóáøóì Çááøóåõ Úóáóíúåö æóÓóáøóãó ÝóÞóÇáó: ÇÐúåóÈõæÇ ÈöäóÇ äõÕúáöÍú Èóíúäóåõãú¡ [æóÝöí ÑöæóÇíóÉò:] (1) ÝóÍóÖóÑóÊö ÇáÕøóáóÇÉõ æóáóãú íóÃúÊö ÇáäøóÈöíøõ Õóáøóì Çááøóåõ Úóáóíúåö æóÓóáøóãó¡ ÝóÃõÐøöäó ÈöÇáÕøóáóÇÉö¡ æóáóãú íóÃúÊö ÇáäøóÈöíøõ Õóáøóì Çááøóåõ Úóáóíúåö æóÓóáøóãó» ¡ ÝóåóÐóÇ [ÇáúÍóÏöíËõ] (2) ãöäú ÃóÕóÍøö ÍóÏöíËò Úóáóì æóÌúåö ÇáúÃóÑúÖö¡ æóåõæó ãöãøóÇ ÇÊøóÝóÞó Ãóåúáõ ÇáúÚöáúãö ÈöÇáúÍóÏöíËö Úóáóì ÕöÍøóÊöåö æóÊóáóÞøöíåö ÈöÇáúÞóÈõæáö (3) ¡ æóÝöíåö: Ãóäøó ÃóÈóÇ ÈóßúÑò Ãóãøóåõãú Ýöí ãóÛöíÈö ÇáäøóÈöíøö Õóáøóì Çááøóåõ Úóáóíúåö æóÓóáøóãó áóãøóÇ ÍóÖóÑóÊú ÕóáóÇÉõ ÇáúÚóÕúÑö¡ æóåöíó ÇáúæõÓúØóì ÇáøóÊöí ÃõãöÑõæÇ ÈöÇáúãõÍóÇÝóÙóÉö ÚóáóíúåóÇ ÎõÕõæÕðÇ¡ æóÞóÏú ÚóáöãõæÇ Ãóäøó ÇáäøóÈöíøó Õóáøóì Çááøóåõ Úóáóíúåö æóÓóáøóãó ßóÇäó ãóÔúÛõæáðÇ¡ ÐóåóÈó Åöáóì ÞõÈóÇÁò áöíõÕúáöÍó Èóíúäó Ãóåúáö ÞõÈóÇÁò áóãøóÇ ÇÞúÊóÊóáõæÇ¡ æóÞóÏú ÚóáöãõæÇ ãöäú ÓõäøóÊöåö Ãóäøóåõ íóÃúãõÑõåõãú Ýöí ãöËúáö åóÐöåö ÇáúÍóÇáö Ãóäú íõÞóÏøöãõæÇ ÃóÍóÏóåõãú¡ ßóãóÇ ÞóÏøóãõæÇ ÚóÈúÏó ÇáÑøóÍúãóäö Èúäó ÚóæúÝò Ýöí ÛóÒúæóÉö ÊóÈõæßó áöÕóáóÇÉö ÇáúÝóÌúÑö¡ áóãøóÇ ÃóÈúØóÃó ÇáäøóÈöíøõ Õóáøóì Çááøóåõ Úóáóíúåö æóÓóáøóãó Íöíäó ÐóåóÈó åõæó æóÇáúãõÛöíÑóÉõ (4) áöÞóÖóÇÁö ÍóÇÌóÊöåö¡ æóßóÇäó Úóáóíúåö ÌõÈøóÉñ ãöäú ÕõæÝò¡ æóÈöáóÇáñ åõæó ÇáúãõÄóÐøöäõ ÇáøóÐöí åõæó ÃóÚúáóãõ ÈöÐóáößó (5) ãöäú ÛóíúÑöåö¡ ÝóÓóÃóáó ÃóÈóÇ ÈóßúÑò Ãóäú íõÕóáøöíó Èöåöãú ÝóÕóáøóì Èöåöãú¡ áóÇ ÓöíøóãóÇ æóÞóÏú ÃóãóÑóåõãú ÈöÊóÞúÏöíãöåö.
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(2) ÇáúÍóÏöíËõ: ÒöíóÇÏóÉñ Ýöí (ã)
(3) ÇáúÍóÏöíËõ ÈöÑöæóÇíóÇÊöåö ÇáúãõÎúÊóáöÝóÉö Úóäú Óóåúáö Èúäö ÓóÚúÏò ÇáÓøóÇÚöÏöíøö ÑóÖöíó Çááøóåõ Úóäúåõ Ýöí ÇáúÈõÎóÇÑöíøö 1/137 - 138 (ßöÊóÇÈõ ÇáúÃóÐóÇäö¡ ÈóÇÈõ ãóäú ÏóÎóáó áöíóÄõãøó ÇáäøóÇÓó ÝóÌóÇÁó ÇáúÅöãóÇãõ ÇáúÃóæøóáõ. .) 2/70 (ßöÊóÇÈõ ÇáÓøóåúæö¡ ÈóÇÈõ ÇáúÅöÔóÇÑóÉö Ýöí ÇáÕøóáóÇÉö) ¡ ãõÓúáöãò 1/316 317 (ßöÊóÇÈõ ÇáÕøóáóÇÉö¡ ÈóÇÈõ ÊóÞúÏöíãö ÇáúÌóãóÇÚóÉö ãóäú íõÕóáøöí Èöåöãú. . .) Óõäóäö ÃóÈöí ÏóÇæõÏó 1/340 - 341 (ßöÊóÇÈõ ÇáÕøóáóÇÉö¡ ÈóÇÈõ ÇáÊøóÕúÝöíÞö Ýöí ÇáÕøóáóÇÉö) Óõäóäö ÇáäøóÓóÇÆöíøö 2/60 - 60 (ßöÊóÇÈõ ÇáúÅöãóÇãóÉö¡ ÈóÇÈõ ÅöÐóÇ ÊóÞóÏøóãó ÇáÑøóÌõáõ ãöäó ÇáÑøóÚöíøóÉö. .)
(4) ã Íöíäó ÐóåóÈó ÇáäøóÈöíøõ æóÇáúãõÛöíÑóÉõ
(5) ã: ÈöãöËúáö Ðóáößó(8/578)
ÝóÝöí ÇáÕøóÍöíÍóíúäö Úóäú Óóåúáö Èúäö ÓóÚúÏò ÞóÇáó: «ßóÇäó ÞöÊóÇáñ Èóíúäó Èóäöí ÚóãúÑöæ Èúäö ÚóæúÝò¡ ÝóÈóáóÛó Ðóáößó ÑóÓõæáó Çááøóåö Õóáøóì Çááøóåõ Úóáóíúåö æóÓóáøóãó¡ ÝóÃóÊóÇåõãú áöíõÕúáöÍó Èóíúäóåõãú ÈóÚúÏó ÇáÙøõåúÑö¡ ÝóÞóÇáó áöÈöáóÇáò: " Åöäú ÍóÖóÑóÊö ÇáÕøóáóÇÉõ æóáóãú ÂÊößó¡ ÝóãõÑú ÃóÈóÇ ÈóßúÑò ÝóáúíõÕóáøö ÈöÇáäøóÇÓö» " æóÐóßóÑó ÇáúÍóÏöíËó¡ Ëõãøó áóãøóÇ ÞóÏöãó ÇáäøóÈöíøõ Õóáøóì Çááøóåõ Úóáóíúåö æóÓóáøóãó ÃóÔóÇÑó Åöáóì ÃóÈöí ÈóßúÑò Ãóäú íõÊöãøó Èöåöãõ ÇáÕøóáóÇÉó¡ ÝóÓóáóßó ÃóÈõæ ÈóßúÑò ãóÓúáóßó ÇáúÃóÏóÈö ãóÚóåõ¡ æóÚóáöãó Ãóäøó ÃóãúÑóåõ ÃóãúÑõ ÅößúÑóÇãò áóÇ ÃóãúÑõ ÅöáúÒóÇãò¡ ÝóÊóÃóÎøóÑó ÊóÃóÏøõÈðÇ ãóÚóåõ áóÇ ãóÚúÕöíóÉð áöÃóãúÑöåö¡ ÝóÅöÐóÇ ßóÇäó åõæó Õóáøóì Çááøóåõ Úóáóíúåö æóÓóáøóãó íõÞöÑøõåõ Ýöí ÍóÇáö ÕöÍøóÊöåö æóÍõÖõæÑöåö Úóáóì ÅöÊúãóÇãö ÇáÕøóáóÇÉö ÈöÇáúãõÓúáöãöíäó ÇáøóÊöí ÔóÑóÚó ÝöíåóÇ¡ æóíõÕóáøöí ÎóáúÝóåõ Õóáøóì Çááøóåõ Úóáóíúåö æóÓóáøóãó ßóãóÇ Õóáøóì ÇáúÝóÌúÑó ÎóáóÝó ÚóÈúÏö ÇáÑøóÍúãóäö Èúäö ÚóæúÝò Ýöí ÛóÒúæóÉö ÊóÈõæßó Õóáøóì ÅöÍúÏóì ÇáÑøóßúÚóÊóíúäö æóÞóÖóì ÇáúÃõÎúÑóì¡ ÝóßóíúÝó íõÙóäøõ Èöåö Ãóäøóåõ Ýöí ãóÑóÖöåö æóÅöÐúäöåö áóåõ Ýöí ÇáÕøóáóÇÉö ÈöÇáäøóÇÓö ÍóÊøóì íóÎúÑõÌó áöíóãúäóÚóåõ ãöäú ÅöãóÇãóÊöåö ÈöÇáäøóÇÓö¿ ! .
ÝóåóÐóÇ æóäóÍúæõåõ ãöãøóÇ íõÈóíøöäõ Ãóäøó ÍóÇáó ÇáÕøöÏøöíÞö ÚöäúÏó Çááøóåö æóÚöäúÏó ÑóÓõæáöåö æóÇáúãõÄúãöäöíäó Ýöí ÛóÇíóÉö ÇáúãõÎóÇáóÝóÉö áöãóÇ åöíó ÚöäúÏó åóÄõáóÇÁö ÇáÑøóÇÝöÖóÉö ÇáúãõÝúÊóÑöíäó ÇáúßóÐøóÇÈöíäó ÇáøóÐöíäó åõãú ÑöÏúÁõ ÇáúãõäóÇÝöÞöíäó¡ æóÅöÎúæóÇäõ ÇáúãõÑúÊóÏøöíäó æóÇáúßóÇÝöÑöíäó ÇáøóÐöíäó íõæóÇáõæäó ÃóÚúÏóÇÁó Çááøóåö¡ æóíõÚóÇÏõæäó ÃóæúáöíóÇÁóåõ.
æóáóÇ ÑóíúÈó Ãóäøó ÃóÈóÇ ÈóßúÑò æóÃóÚúæóÇäóåõ åõãú ÃóÔóÏøõ ÇáúÃõãøóÉö ÌöåóÇÏðÇ áöáúßõÝøóÇÑö æóÇáúãõäóÇÝöÞöíäó æóÇáúãõÑúÊóÏøöíäó¡ æóåõãõ ÇáøóÐöíäó ÞóÇáó Çááøóåõ Ýöíåöãú: {ÝóÓóæúÝó íóÃúÊöí Çááøóåõ ÈöÞóæúãò íõÍöÈøõåõãú æóíõÍöÈøõæäóåõ ÃóÐöáøóÉò Úóáóì ÇáúãõÄúãöäöíäó ÃóÚöÒøóÉò Úóáóì ÇáúßóÇÝöÑöíäó íõÌóÇåöÏõæäó Ýöí ÓóÈöíáö Çááøóåö æóáóÇ íóÎóÇÝõæäó áóæúãóÉó áóÇÆöãò Ðóáößó ÝóÖúáõ Çááøóåö íõÄúÊöíåö ãóäú íóÔóÇÁõ} [ÓõæÑóÉõ ÇáúãóÇÆöÏóÉö: 54] .
ÝóÃóÚúæóÇäõåõ æóÃóæúáöíóÇÄõåõ ÎóíúÑõ ÇáúÃõãøóÉö æóÃóÝúÖóáõåóÇ¡ æóåóÐóÇ ÃóãúÑñ ãóÚúáõæãñ Ýöí ÇáÓøóáóÝö(8/579)
æóÇáúÎóáóÝö¡ ÝóÎöíóÇÑõ ÇáúãõåóÇÌöÑöíäó æóÇáúÃóäúÕóÇÑö ÇáøóÐöíäó ßóÇäõæÇ íõÞóÏøöãõæäóåõ Ýöí ÇáúãóÍóÈøóÉö Úóáóì ÛóíúÑöåö æóíóÑúÚóæúäó ÍóÞøóåõ¡ æóíóÏúÝóÚõæäó Úóäúåõ ãóäú íõÄúÐöíåö.
ãöËóÇáõ Ðóáößó Ãóäøó ÃõãóÑóÇÁó ÇáúÃóäúÕóÇÑö ÇËúäóÇäö: ÓóÚúÏõ Èúäõ ãõÚóÇÐò¡ æóÓóÚúÏõ Èúäõ ÚõÈóÇÏóÉó¡ æóÓóÚúÏõ Èúäõ ãõÚóÇÐò ÃóÝúÖóáõåõãóÇ.
ÝóÝöí ÇáÕøóÍöíÍö Úóäö ÇáäøóÈöíøö Õóáøóì Çááøóåõ Úóáóíúåö æóÓóáøóãó «Ãóäøóåõ ÇåúÊóÒøó áöãóæúÊö ÓóÚúÏò ÚóÑúÔõ ÇáÑøóÍúãóäö ÝóÑóÍðÇ ÈöÞõÏõæãö ÑõæÍöåö¡ æóÍóãóáóåõ ÇáäøóÈöíøõ Õóáøóì Çááøóåõ Úóáóíúåö æóÓóáøóãó Úóáóì ßóÇåöáöåö» (1) .
æóáóãøóÇ Íóßóãó Ýöí Èóäöí ÞõÑóíúÙóÉó ÈöÍõßúãò áóãú ÊóÃúÎõÐúåõ Ýöí Çááøóåö áóæúãóÉõ áóÇÆöãò¡ ÞóÇáó áóåõ ÇáäøóÈöíøõ Õóáøóì Çááøóåõ Úóáóíúåö æóÓóáøóãó: " «áóÞóÏú ÍóßóãúÊó Ýöíåöãú ÈöÍõßúãö Çááøóåö ãöäú ÝóæúÞö ÓóÈúÚö ÓóãóÇæóÇÊò» " (2) .
æóÞóÏú ÚõÑöÝó Ãóäøóåõ æóÇÈúäõ Úóãøöåö ÃõÓóíúÏõ Èúäõ ÍõÖóíúÑò ßóÇäóÇ (3) ãöäú ÃóÚúÙóãö ÃóäúÕóÇÑö ÃóÈöí ÈóßúÑò æóÇÈúäóÊöåö Úóáóì Ãóåúáö ÇáúÅöÝúßö¡ æóáóãøóÇ ÏóÎóáó ÇáäøóÈöíøõ Õóáøóì Çááøóåõ Úóáóíúåö æóÓóáøóãó ãóßøóÉó íóæúãó ÇáúÝóÊúÍö ßóÇäó ÃóÈõæ ÈóßúÑò ÑóÃúÓó ÇáúãõåóÇÌöÑöíäó Úóäú íóãöíäöåö¡ æóÃõÓóíúÏõ Èúäõ ÍõÖóíúÑò ÑóÃúÓó ÇáúÃóäúÕóÇÑö Úóäú íóÓóÇÑöåö¡ ÝóÅöäøó ÓóÚúÏó Èúäó ãõÚóÇÐò ßóÇäó ÞóÏú ÊõæõÝøöíó ÚóÞöÈó ÇáúÎóäúÏóÞö ÈóÚúÏó Íõßúãöåö Ýöí Èóäöí ÞõÑóíúÙóÉó.
æóÞóÇáó ÃõÓóíúÏõ Èúäõ ÍõÖóíúÑò áóãøóÇ äóÒóáóÊú ÂíóÉõ ÇáÊøóíóãøõãö: ãóÇ åöíó ÈöÃóæøóáö ÈóÑóßóÊößõãú íóÇ Âáó ÃóÈöí ÈóßúÑò¡ ãóÇ äóÒóáó ãóÇ ÊóßúÑóåöíäóåõ (4) ÅöáøóÇ ÌóÚóáó Çááøóåõ áóßö Ýöíåö ÝóÑóÌðÇ¡ æóÌóÚúáó áöáúãõÓúáöãöíäó Ýöíåö ÈóÑóßóÉð.
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(1) ÓóÈóÞó åóÐóÇ ÇáúÍóÏöíËõ ÝöíãóÇ ãóÖóì
(2) ÊóÞóÏøóãó åóÐóÇ ÇáúÍóÏöíËõ 4/332
(3) ä¡ ã¡ Ó: ßóÇäó¡ æóåõæó ÊóÍúÑöíÝñ.
(4) ã ÃóãúÑñ ÊóßúÑóåöíäóåõ.(8/580)
æóÚõãóÑõ æóÃóÈõæ ÚõÈóíúÏóÉó æóÃóãúËóÇáõåõãóÇ ãöäú ÎöíóÇÑö ÇáúãõåóÇÌöÑöíäó¡ æóßóÇäóÇ ãöäú ÃóÚúÙóãö ÃóÚúæóÇäö ÇáÕøöÏøöíÞö¡ æóåóÄõáóÇÁö ÃóÝúÖóáõ ãöäú ÓóÚúÏö Èúäö ÚõÈóÇÏóÉó ÇáøóÐöí ÊóÎóáøóÝó Úóäú ÈóíúÚóÊöåö¡ æóÚóäö ÇáúÞöíóÇãö Úóáóì Ãóåúáö ÇáúÅöÝúßö¡ æóÚóÒúáöåö Úóäö ÇáúÅöãóÇÑóÉö íóæúãó ÝóÊúÍö ãóßøóÉó¡ æóÞóÏú Ñõæöíó Ãóäøó ÇáúÌöäøó ÞóÊóáóÊúåõ¡ æóÅöäú ßóÇäó ãóÚó Ðóáößó ãöäó ÇáÓøóÇÈöÞöíäó ÇáúÃóæøóáöíäó ãöäú Ãóåúáö ÇáúÌóäøóÉö.
æóßóÐóáößó ÚõãóÑõ æóÚõËúãóÇäõ ÃóÝúÖóáõ ãöäú Úóáöíøò ÝóÅöäøóåõ áóãú íóßõäú áóåõ Ýöí ÞöÕøóÉö ÇáúÅöÝúßö ãöäú äõÕúÑóÉö ÇáÕøöÏøöíÞö¡ æóÝöí ÎöáóÇÝóÉö ÃóÈöí ÈóßúÑò ãöäó ÇáúÞöíóÇãö ÈöØóÇÚóÉö Çááøóåö æóÑóÓõæáöåö æóãõÚóÇæóäóÊöåö ÃóÈöí ÈóßúÑò ãóÇ ßóÇäó áöÛóíúÑöåö¡ æóÇááøóåõ Íóßóãñ ÚóÏúáñ íóÌúÒöí ÇáäøóÇÓó ÈöÞóÏúÑö ÃóÚúãóÇáöåöãú¡ æóÞóÏú ÝóÖøóáó Çááøóåõ ÇáäøóÈöíøöíäó ÈóÚúÖóåõãú Úóáóì ÈóÚúÖò¡ æóÝóÖøóáó ÇáÑøõÓõáó Úóáóì ÛóíúÑöåöãú æóÃõæáõæ ÇáúÚóÒúãö ÃóÝúÖóáõ ãöäú ÓóÇÆöÑö ÇáÑøõÓõáö¡ æóßóÐóáößó ÝóÖøóáó ÇáÓøóÇÈöÞöíäó ÇáúÃóæøóáöíäó ãöäó ÇáúãõåóÇÌöÑöíäó æóÇáúÃóäúÕóÇÑö Úóáóì ÛóíúÑöåöãú¡ æóßõáøõåõãú ÃóæúáöíóÇÁõ Çááøóåö¡ æóßõáøõåõãú Ýöí ÇáúÌóäøóÉö¡ æóÞóÏú ÑóÝóÚó Çááøóåõ ÏóÑóÌóÇÊö ÈóÚúÖöåöãú Úóáóì ÈóÚúÖò¡ Ýóßõáøõ ãóäú ßóÇäó Åöáóì ÇáÕøöÏøöíÞö ÃóÞúÑóÈó ãöäó ÇáúãõåóÇÌöÑöíäó æóÇáúÃóäúÕóÇÑö¡ ßóÇäó ÃóÝúÖóáó ÝóãóÇ ÒóÇáó ÎöíóÇÑõ ÇáúãõÓúáöãöíäó ãóÚó ÇáÕøöÏøöíÞö (1) ÞóÏöíãðÇ æóÍóÏöíËðÇ¡ æóÐóáößó áößóãóÇáö äóÝúÓöåö æóÅöíãóÇäöåö.
æóßóÇäó ÑóÖöíó Çááøóåõ Úóäúåõ ãöäú ÃóÚúÙóãö ÇáúãõÓúáöãöíäó ÑöÚóÇíóÉð áöÍóÞøö ÞóÑóÇÈóÉö (2) ÑóÓõæáö Çááøóåö Õóáøóì Çááøóåõ Úóáóíúåö æóÓóáøóãó æóÃóåúáö ÈóíúÊöåö¡ ÝóÅöäøó ßóãóÇáó ãóÍóÈøóÊöåö áöáäøóÈöíøö Õóáøóì Çááøóåõ Úóáóíúåö æóÓóáøóãó ÃóæúÌóÈó ÓöÑóÇíóÉó ÇáúÍõÈøö áöÃóåúáö ÈóíúÊöåö¡ ÅöÐú ßóÇäó ÑöÚóÇíóÉõ
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(1) ãóÚó ÇáÕøöÏøöíÞö: ÓóÇÞöØóÉñ ãöäú Ó¡ (È)
(2) ã. áöÞóÑóÇÈóÉö.(8/581)
Ãóåúáö ÈóíúÊöåö ãöãøóÇ ÃóãóÑó Çááøóåõ æóÑóÓõæáõåõ Èöåö¡ æóßóÇäó ÇáÕøöÏøöíÞõ ÑóÖöíó Çááøóåõ Úóäúåõ íóÞõæáõ: " ÇÑúÞõÈõæÇ ãõÍóãøóÏðÇ Ýöí Âáö ÈóíúÊöåö " ÑóæóÇåõ Úóäúåõ ÇáúÈõÎóÇÑöíøõ (1) ¡ æóÞóÇáó: " æóÇááøóåö áóÞóÑóÇÈóÉõ ÑóÓõæáö Çááøóåö Õóáøóì Çááøóåõ Úóáóíúåö æóÓóáøóãó ÃóÍóÈøõ Åöáóíøó Ãóäú ÃóÕöáó ãöäú ÞóÑóÇÈóÊöí " (2) .
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(1) ÊóÞóÏøóãó åóÐóÇ ÇáúÍóÏöíËõ 4/254 æóÈóÚúÏó åóÐóÇ ÇáúÍóÏöíËö Ýöí (ä) ßõÊöÈó ãóÇ íóáöí: " Êóãøó ÇáúßöÊóÇÈõ Èöãóäøö Çááøóåö æóßóÑóãöåö æóÅöÚóÇäóÊöåö æóÌóÒöíáö äöÚóãöåö¡ äóåóÇÑó ÇáúÌõãúÚóÉö ÇáúãõÚóÙøóãö¡ ÍóÇÏöíó ÚöÔúÑöíäó ÔóåúÑö ÌõãóÇÏóì ÇáúÃõæáóì¡ ÃóÍóÏö ÔõåõæÑö ÚóÇãö ÎóãúÓò ÈóÚúÏó ÇáúÃóáúÝö ãöäó ÇáúåöÌúÑóÉö ÇáäøóÈóæöíøóÉö¡ Úóáóì ÕóÇÍöÈöåóÇ ÃóÝúÖóáõ ÇáÕøóáóÇÉö æóÇáÓøóáóÇãö¡ æóÐóáößó ÈöÎóØøö ÇáúÚóÈúÏö ÇáúÝóÞöíÑö ÇáúãõÚúÊóÑöÝö ÈöÇáÐøóäúÈö æóÇáÊøóÞúÕöíÑö¡ ÇáÑøóÇÌöí ÚóÝúæó ÑóÈøöåö ÇáúãóäøóÇäö¡ ãõÍóãøóÏö Èúäö ÚóÈúÏö ÇáÑøóÍúãóäö ÇáÓøóãøóÇäö¡ ÛóÝóÑó Çááøóåõ áóåõ æóáöæóÇáöÏóíúåö æóáöÌóãöíÚö ÇáúãõÓúáöãöíäó Âãöíäó¡ æóíõæÌóÏõ ÈóÚúÏó Ðóáößó ÈóíóÇÖñ íóÈúÏóÃõ ãöäú ãõäúÊóÕóÝö ÇáÕøóÝúÍóÉö Åöáóì ÞõÑúÈö äöåóÇíóÊöåóÇ¡ ÍóíúËõ íõæÌóÏõ ÅöØóÇÑñ ãõÒóÎúÑóÝñ ßõÊöÈó Ýöíåö ÈöÎóØøò ßóÈöíÑò " æóÕóáøóì Çááøóåõ Úóáóì ÓóíøöÏöäóÇ ãõÍóãøóÏò æóÂáöåö æóÕóÍúÈöåö æóÓóáøóãó " æóÃóãøóÇ äõÓúÎóÉõ (ã) ÝóßõÊöÈó ÝöíåóÇ ÈóÚúÏó åóÐóÇ ÇáúÍóÏöíËö ãóÇ íóáöí: " Êóãøó ÇáúßöÊóÇÈõ ÈöÚóæúäö Çááøóåö¡ æóáóÇ Íóæúáó æóáóÇ ÞõæøóÉó ÅöáøóÇ ÈöÇááøóåö ÇáúÚóáöíøö ÇáúÚóÙöíãö. ÃóãøóÇ äõÓúÎóÉõ (Ó) ÝóßõÊöÈó ÝöíåóÇ ÈóÚúÏó åóÐóÇ ÇáúÍóÏöíËö ÚöÈóÇÑóÇÊñ ÇÓúÊóÛúÑóÞóÊú ÃóßúËóÑó ãöäú ÕóÝúÍóÊóíúäö åöíó äóÝúÓõ ÇáúÚöÈóÇÑóÇÊö ÇáøóÊöí ÇäúÊóåóÊú ÈöåóÇ ÇáäøõÓúÎóÉõ ÇáúãóØúÈõæÚóÉõ ÈöÈõæáóÇÞó (È) æóÞóÏú ÐóßóÑúÊõåóÇ Ýöí ãõÞóÏøöãóÉö ÇáØøóÈúÚóÉö ÇáúÃõæáóì¡ Úóáóì ÃóäøóåóÇ ÒóÇÏóÊú ÈóÚúÏóåóÇ ÚöÏøóÉó ÓõØõæÑò áóãú ÊõÐúßóÑú Ýöí äõÓúÎóÉö (È) æóåöíó " æóÅöáóì åõäóÇ ÇäúÊóåóì ãóÇ ßóÇäó Ýöí ÂÎöÑö ÇáúÃóÕúáö¡ æóíóÞõæáõ ÃóÖúÚóÝõ ÇáúÚöÈóÇÏö ÃóÈõæ ÅöÓúãóÇÚöíáó íõæÓõÝ ÍõÓóíúä Èúäõ ÇáúÞóÇÖöí ãõÍóãøóÏö ÍóÓóä ÇáúÎóÇäóÝõæÑöíøõ ÇáúÍóäúÈóáöíøõ ÇáÓøóáóÝöíøõ Ãóäøóåõ ÞóÏö ÇÓúÊóÊóÈøó ÅöÊúãóÇãõ åóÐóÇ ÇáúßöÊóÇÈö ÖóÍúæóÉó íóæúãö ÇáúÃóÑúÈöÚóÇÁö ÎóÇãöÓó ÔóåúÑö Çááøóåö ÇáúÍóÑóÇãö ãõÍóÑøóãò ÇáúÍóÑóÇãö ÓóäóÉó ÇËúäóÊóíúäö æóÚöÔúÑöíäó ÈóÚúÏó ÃóáúÝò æóËóáóÇËöãöÇÆóÉò ÈöÚóæúäö Çááøóåö Çáúãóáößö ÇáúæóåøóÇÈö æóÅöáóíúåö ÇáúãóÑúÌöÚõ æóÇáúãóÂÈõ ÈöåöãøóÊöí ÇáúÞóÇÕöÑóÉö¡ æóíóÏöí ÇáúÝóÇÊöÑóÉö¡ ÝóÃóÓúÃóáõ Çááøóåó Ãóäú íóÌúÚóáó áöí Ýöíåö äóÕöíÈðÇ ãöäó ÇáúÂÎöÑóÉö¡ æóÃóÍúÓóäó ÚóÇÞöÈóÊöí æóÚóÇÞöÈóÉó æóÇáöÏóíøó æóÃõÓúÊóÇÐöí æóÌóãöíÚö ÇáúãõÄúãöäöíäó æóÇáúãõÄúãöäóÇÊö æóÇáúãõÓúáöãöíäó æóÇáúãõÓúáöãóÇÊö Ýöí ÇáúÃõãõæÑö ßõáøöåóÇ¡ æóÃóÌóÇÑóäóÇ æóÅöíøóÇåõãú ãöäú ÎöÒúíö ÇáÏøõäúíóÇ æóÚóÐóÇÈö ÇáúÂÎöÑóÉö¡ æóÕóáøóì Çááøóåõ ÊóÚóÇáóì Úóáóì ÎóíúÑò ÎóáúÞöåö ãõÍóãøóÏò æóÚóáóì Âáöåö æóÕóÍúÈöåö æóÌóãöíÚö ÃóÆöãøóÉö Ïöíäöåö ÈöÅöÍúÓóÇäò Åöáóì íóæúãö ÇáÏøöíäö æóÓóáøóãó ÊóÓúáöíãðÇ ßóËöíÑðÇ ßóËöíÑðÇ¡ æóÓõÈúÍóÇäóßó Çááøóåõãøó¡ æóÊóÍöíøóÊõåõãú ÝöíåóÇ ÓóáóÇãñ¡ æóÂÎöÑõ ÏóÚúæóÇåõãú Ãóäö ÇáúÍóãúÏõ áöáøóåö ÑóÈøö ÇáúÚóÇáóãöíäó. "
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