æóãóÚúäóì ÊóÒúíöíäö Ðóáößó åõäóÇ Ãóäøóåõãú ÎóíøóáõæÇ áóåõãú ÝóæóÇÆöÏó æóÞõÑóÈðÇ Ýöí åóÐóÇ ÇáúÞóÊúáö¡ ÈöÃóäú íõáúÞõæÇ Åöáóíúåöãú ãóÖóÑøóÉó ÇáöÇÓúÊöÌúÏóÇÁö æóÇáúÚóÇÑö Ýöí ÇáäøöÓóÇÁö¡ æóÃóäøó ÇáäøöÓóÇÁó áóÇ íõÑúÌóì ãöäúåõäøó äóÝúÚñ áöáúÞóÈöíáóÉö¡ æóÃóäøóåõäøó íõÌóÈøöäøó ÇáúÂÈóÇÁó ÚöäúÏó áöÞóÇÁö ÇáúÚóÏõæøö¡ æóíõÄúËöÑúäó ÃóÒúæóÇÌóåõäøó Úáì ÂÈÇÆåä¡ ÝÞÊáåäø ÃÕáÍ æÃäÝÚ ãä ÇÓÊÈÞÇÆåä¡ æóäóÍúæ åóÐóÇ ãä ÇáÔøÈå æÇáÊøãæíåÇÊ¡ ÝóíóÃúÊõæäóåõãú ãöäó ÇáúãóÚóÇäöí ÇáøóÊöí ÊóÑõæÌõ ÚöäúÏóåõãú¡ ÝóÅöäøó ÇáúÚóÑóÈó ßóÇäõæÇ ãõÝúÑöØöíäó Ýöí ÇáúÛóíúÑóÉö¡ æóÇáúÌõãõæÍö ãöäó ÇáúÛóáóÈö æóÇáúÚóÇÑö ßóãóÇ ÞóÇáó ÇáäøóÇÈöÛóÉõ:
ÍöÐóÇÑðÇ Úóáóì Ãóäú áóÇ ÊõäóÇáó ãóÞóÇÏóÊöí ... æóáóÇ äöÓúæóÊöí ÍóÊøóì íóãõÊúäó ÍóÑóÇÆöÑóÇ
æóÅöäøóãóÇ ÞóÇáó: áößóËöíÑò ãöäó ÇáúãõÔúÑößöíäó áöÃóäøó ÞóÊúáó ÇáúÃóæúáóÇÏö áóãú íóßõäú íóÃúÊöíåö ÌóãöíÚõ ÇáúÞóÈóÇÆöáö¡
æóßóÇäó Ýöí ÑóÈöíÚóÉó æóãõÖóÑó¡ æóåõãóÇ ÌóãúåóÑóÉõ ÇáúÚóÑóÈö¡ æóáóíúÓó ßõáøõ ÇáúÂÈóÇÁö ãöäú åóÇÊóíúäö ÇáúÞóÈöíáóÊóíúäö íóÝúÚóáõåõ.
æóÃóÓúäóÏó ÇáÊøóÒúíöíäó Åöáóì ÇáÔøõÑóßóÇÁö: ÅöãøóÇ áöÅöÑóÇÏóÉö ÇáÔøóíóÇØöíäö ÇáÔøõÑóßóÇÁö¡ ÝóÇáÊøóÒúíöíäõ ÊóÒúíöíäõ ÇáÔøóíóÇØöíäö ÈöÇáúæóÓúæóÓóÉö¡ Ýóíóßõæäõ ÇáúÅöÓúäóÇÏõ ÍóÞöíÞóÉð ÚóÞúáöíøóÉð¡ æóÅöãøóÇ áöÃóäøó ÇáÊøóÒúíöíäó äóÔóÃó áóåõãú Úóäú ÅöÔóÇÚóÉö ßõÈóÑóÇÆöåöãú Ýöíåöãú¡ Ãóæú ÈöÔóÑúÚò æóÖóÚóåõ áóåõãú ãóäú æóÖóÚó ÚöÈóÇÏóÉó ÇáúÃóÕúäóÇãö æóÝóÑóÖó áóåóÇ ÍõÞõæÞðÇ Ýöí ÃóãúæóÇáöåöãú ãöËúáõ ÚóãúÑöæ Èúäö áõÍóíøò¡ Ýóíóßõæäõ ÅöÓúäóÇÏõ ÇáÊøóÒúíöíäö Åöáóì ÇáÔøõÑóßóÇÁö ãóÌóÇÒðÇ ÚóÞúáöíøðÇ áöÃóäøó ÇáúÃóÕúäóÇãó ÓóÈóÈõ Ðóáößó ÈöæóÇÓöØóÉò Ãóæú ÈöæóÇÓöØóÊóíúäö¡ æóåóÐóÇ ßóÞóæúáöåö ÊóÚóÇáóì: ÝóãÇ ÃóÛúäóÊú Úóäúåõãú ÂáöåóÊõåõãõ ÇáøóÊöí íóÏúÚõæäó ãöäú Ïõæäö Çááøóåö ãöäú ÔóíúÁò áóãøóÇ ÌÇÁó ÃóãúÑõ ÑóÈøößó æóãÇ ÒÇÏõæåõãú ÛóíúÑó ÊóÊúÈöíÈò [åæÏ: 101] .
æóÇáúãóÚúäöíøõ ÈöÞóÊúáö ÇáúÃóæúáóÇÏö Ýöí åóÐöåö ÇáúÂíóÉö æóäóÍúæöåóÇ åõæó ÇáúæóÃúÏõ¡ æóåõæó ÏóÝúäõ ÇáúÈóäóÇÊö ÇáÕøóÛöíÑóÇÊö ÃóÍúíóÇÁð ÝóíóãõÊúäó ÈöÛõãøóÉö ÇáÊøõÑóÇÈö¡ ßóÇäõæÇ íóÝúÚóáõæäó Ðóáößó ÎóÔúíóÉó ÇáúÝóÞúÑö¡ ßóãóÇ ÞóÇáó ÊóÚóÇáóì: æóáÇ ÊóÞúÊõáõæÇ ÃóæúáÇÏóßõãú ÎóÔúíóÉó ÅöãúáÇÞò [ÇáúÅöÓúÑóÇÁ: 31] ¡ æÎÔíÉ Ãóäú ÊõÝúÊóÖóÍó ÇáúÃõäúËóì ÈöÇáúÍóÇÌóÉö ÅöÐóÇ åóáóßó ÃóÈõæåóÇ¡ Ãóæú ãóÎóÇÝóÉó ÇáÓøöÈóÇÁö¡ æóÐóßóÑó Ýöí «ÇáÑøóæúÖö ÇáúÃõäõÝö» Úóäö ÇáäøóÞøóÇÔö Ýöí «ÊóÝúÓöíÑöåö» : Ãóäøóåõãú ßóÇäõæÇ íóÆöÏõæäó ãöäó ÇáúÈóäóÇÊö ãóäú(8-Ã/99)
ßóÇäóÊú ÒóÑúÞóÇÁó Ãóæú ÈóÑúÔóÇÁó¡ Ãóæú ÔóíúãóÇÁó¡ Ãóæú ÑóÓúÍóÇÁó¡ ÊóÔóÇÄõãðÇ Èöåöäøó- æóåóÐóÇ ãöäú ÎóæóÑö ÃóæúåóÇãöåöãú- æóÃóäøó Ðóáößó Þóæúáõåõ ÊóÚóÇáóì: æóÅöÐóÇ ÇáúãóæúÄõÏóÉõ ÓõÆöáóÊú ÈöÃóíøö ÐóäúÈò ÞõÊöáóÊú [ÇáÊßæíÑ: 8¡ 9] ¡ æóÞöíáó: ßóÇäõæÇ íóÝúÚóáõæäó Ðóáößó ãöäú ÔöÏøóÉö ÇáúÛöíÑóÉö ÎóÔúíóÉó Ãóäú íóÃúÊöíäó ãóÇ íóÊóÚóíøóÑó ãöäúåõ Ãóåúáõåõäøó.
æóÞóÏú ÐóßóÑó ÇáúãõÈóÑøöÏõ Ýöí «ÇáúßóÇãöáö» ¡ Úóäú ÃóÈöí ÚõÈóíúÏóÉó: Ãóäøó ÊóãöíãðÇ ãóäóÚóÊö ÇáäøõÚúãóÇäó Èúäó ÇáúãõäúÐöÑö ÇáúÅöÊóÇæóÉó ÝóæóÌøóåó Åöáóíúåöãú ÃóÎóÇåõ ÇáÑøóíøóÇäó Èúäó ÇáúãõäúÐöÑö ÝóÇÓúÊóÇÞó ÇáäøöÚóãó æóÓóÈóì ÇáÐøóÑóÇÑöíøó¡ ÝóæóÝóÏóÊú Åöáóíúåö Èóäõæ Êóãöíãò ÝóÃóäóÇÈõæÇ æóÓóÃóáõæåõ ÇáäøöÓóÇÁó ÝóÞóÇáó ÇáäøõÚúãóÇäõ: ßõáøõ ÇãúÑóÃóÉò ÇÎúÊóÇÑóÊú ÃóÈóÇåóÇ ÑõÏøóÊú Åöáóíúåö æóÅöäö ÇÎúÊóÇÑóÊú ÕóÇÍöÈóåóÇ (Ãóíö ÇáøóÐöí ÕóÇÑóÊú Åöáóíúåö ÈöÇáÓøóÈúíö) ÊõÑößóÊú Úóáóíúåö Ýóßõáøõåõäøó ÇÎúÊóÇÑóÊú ÃóÈóÇåóÇ ÅöáøóÇ ÇÈúäóÉñ áöÞóíúÓö Èúäö ÚóÇÕöãò ÇÎúÊóÇÑóÊú ÕóÇÍöÈóåóÇ ÚóãúÑóæ Èúäó ÇáúãõÔóãúÑóÌö¡ ÝóäóÐóÑó ÞóíúÓñ Ãóäú áóÇ ÊõæáóÏó áóåõ ÇÈúäóÉñ ÅöáøóÇ ÞóÊóáóåóÇ ÝóåóÐóÇ ÔóíúÁñ íóÚúÊóáøõ Èöåö ãóäú æóÃóÏõæÇ¡ íóÞõæáõæäó: ÝóÚóáúäóÇåõ ÃóäóÝóÉð¡ æóÞóÏú ÃóßúÐóÈó Çááøóåõ Ðóáößó Ýöí ÇáúÞõÑúÂäö¡ Ãóíú ÈöÞóæúáöåö:
ÞóÏú ÎóÓöÑó ÇáøóÐöíäó ÞóÊóáõæÇ ÃóæúáÇÏóåõãú ÓóÝóåÇð [ÇáúÃóäúÚóÇã: 140] .
æóÐóßóÑó ÇáúÈõÎóÇÑöíøõ¡ Ãóäøó ÃóÓúãóÇÁó ÈöäúÊó ÃóÈöí ÈóßúÑò¡ ÞóÇáóÊú: ßóÇäó ÒóíúÏõ Èúäõ ÚóãúÑöæ Èúäö äõÝóíúáò íõÍúíöíó ÇáúãóæúÁõæÏóÉó¡ íóÞõæáõ áöáÑøóÌõáö ÅöÐóÇ ÃóÑóÇÏó Ãóäú íóÞúÊõáó ÇÈúäóÊóåõ: áóÇ ÊóÞúÊõáúåóÇ ÃóäóÇ ÃóßúÝöíßó ãóÄõæäóÊóåóÇ¡ ÝóíóÃúÎõÐõåóÇ ÝóÅöÐóÇ ÊóÑóÚúÑóÚóÊú ÞóÇáó áöÃóÈöíåóÇ: Åöäú ÔöÆúÊó ÏóÝóÚúÊõåóÇ Åöáóíúßó æóÅöäú ÔöÆúÊó ßóÝóíúÊõßó ãóÄõæäóÊóåóÇ. æóÇáúãóÚúÑõæÝõ Ãóäøóåõãú ßóÇäõæÇ íóÆöÏõæäó ÇáúÈöäúÊó æóÞúÊó æöáóÇÏóÊöåóÇ ÞóÈúáó Ãóäú ÊóÑóÇåóÇ ÃãøåÇ¡ ÞóÇáó Çááå ÊóÚóÇáóì: æóÅöÐÇ ÈõÔøöÑó ÃóÍóÏõåõãú ÈöÇáúÃõäúËì Ùóáøó æóÌúåõåõ ãõÓúæóÏøðÇ æóåõæó ßóÙöíãñ íóÊóæÇÑì ãöäó ÇáúÞóæúãö ãöäú ÓõæÁö ãóÇ ÈõÔøöÑó Èöåö ÃóíõãúÓößõåõ Úóáì åõæäò Ãóãú íóÏõÓøõåõ Ýöí ÇáÊøõÑÇÈö ÃóáÇ ÓÇÁó ãóÇ íóÍúßõãõæäó [ÇáäøóÍúá: 58¡ 59] . æóßóÇäó ÕóÚúÕóÚóÉõ Èúäõ ãõÚóÇæöíóÉó ãöäú
ãõÌóÇÔöÚò¡ æóåõæó ÌóÏøõ ÇáúÝóÑóÒúÏóÞö¡ íóÝúÏöí ÇáúãóæúÁõæÏóÉó¡ íóÝúÚóáõ ãöËúáó ÝöÚúáö ÒóíúÏö Èúäö ÚóãúÑöæ Èúäö äõÝóíúáò. æóÞóÏö ÇÝúÊóÎóÑó ÇáúÝóÑóÒúÏóÞõ ÈöÐóáößó Ýöí ÔöÚúÑöåö Ýöí Þóæúáöåö:
æóãöäøóÇ ÇáøóÐöí ãóäóÚó ÇáúæóÇÆöÏóÇÊö ... æóÃóÍúíóÇ ÇáúæóÆöíÏó Ýóáóãú ÊõæÁóÏö
æóÞóÏú ÃóÏúÑóßó ÌóÏøõåõ ÇáúÅöÓúáóÇãó ÝóÃóÓúáóãó. æóáóÇ íõÚúÑóÝõ Ýöí ÊóÇÑöíÎö ÇáúÚóÑóÈö Ýöí ÇáúÌóÇåöáöíøóÉö ÞóÊúáõ ÃóæúáóÇÏöåöãú ÛóíúÑó åóÐóÇ ÇáúæóÃúÏö ÅöáøóÇ ãóÇ æóÑóÏó ãöäú äóÐúÑö ÚóÈúÏö ÇáúãõØøóáöÈö ÇáøóÐöí(8-Ã/100)
ÓóäóÐúßõÑõåõ¡ æóáóÇ äóÏúÑöí åóáú ßóÇäó ãöËúáó Ðóáößó íóÞóÚõ Ýöí ÇáúÌóÇåöáöíøóÉö ÞóÈúáó ÚóÈúÏö ÇáúãõØøóáöÈö Ãóæú Ãóäøóåõ åõæó ÇáøóÐöí ÇÈúÊóßóÑó Ðóáößó æóáóãú íõÊóÇÈóÚú Úóáóíúåö.
æóáóÇ Ôóßøó Ãóäøó ÇáúæóÃúÏó ØóÑíÞóÉ ÓäøåÇ ÃÆãøÉ ÇáÔøöÑúßö áöÞóæúãöåöãú¡ ÅöÐú áóãú íóßõæäõæÇ íóÕúÏõÑõæäó ÅöáøóÇ Úóäú ÑóÃúíöåöãú¡ Ýóåöíó ÖóáóÇáóÉñ ÇÈúÊóÏóÚõæåóÇ áöÞóæúãöåöãú ÈöÚöáøóÉö ÇáÊøóÎóáøõÕö ãöäú ÚóæóÇÆöÞö ÛóÒúæöåöãú ÃóÚúÏóÇÁóåõãú¡ æóãöäú ãóÚóÑøóÉö ÇáúÝóÇÞóÉö æóÇáÓøöÈóÇÁö¡ æóÑõÈøóãóÇ ßóÇäó ÓóÏóäóÉõ ÇáúÃóÕúäóÇãö íõÍóÑøöÖõæäóåõãú Úóáóì ÅöäúÌóÇÒö ÃóãúÑö ÇáúãóæúÁõæÏóÉö ÅöÐóÇ ÑóÃóæúÇ ãöäú ÈóÚúÖöåöãú ÊóËóÇÞõáðÇ¡ ßóãóÇ ÃóÔóÇÑó Åöáóíúåö «ÇáúßóÔøóÇÝõ» ÅöÐú ÞóÇáó: «æóÇáúãÚúäóì Ãäø ÔÑßÇÄåã ãöäó ÇáÔøóíóÇØöíäö Ãóæú ãöäú ÓóÏóäóÉö ÇáúÃóÕúäóÇãö ÒóíøóäõæÇ áóåõãú ÞóÊúáó ÃóæúáóÇÏöåöãú ÈÇáæÃÏ Ãóæ ÈÇáäøÍÑ» . æóÞóÇáó ÇÈúäõ ÚóØöíøóÉó: æóÇáÔøõÑóßóÇÁõ Úóáóì åóÐöåö ÇáúÞöÑóÇÁóÉö åõãõ ÇáøóÐöíäó íóÊóäóÇæóáõæäó æóÃúÏó ÈóäóÇÊö ÇáúÛóíúÑö Ýóåõãõ ÇáúÞóÇÊöáõæäó.
æóÝöí ÞöÕøóÉö ÚóÈúÏö ÇáúãõØøóáöÈö ãóÇ íóÔúåóÏõ áöÐóáößó ÝóÅöäøóåõ äóÐóÑó Åöäú ÑóÒóÞóåõ Çááøóåõ ÚóÔóÑóÉó ÃóæúáóÇÏò ÐõßõæÑò¡ Ëõãøó ÈóáóÛõæÇ ãóÚóåõ Ãóäú íóãúäóÚõæåõ ãöäú ÚóÏõæøöåö¡ áöíóäúÍóÑóäøó ÃóÍóÏóåõãú ÚöäúÏó ÇáúßóÚúÈóÉö¡ ÝóáóãøóÇ ÈóáóÛó Èóäõæåõ ÚóÔóÑóÉð ÈöåóÐóÇ ÇáúãóÈúáóÛö ÏóÚóÇåõãú Åöáóì ÇáúæóÝóÇÁö ÈöäóÐúÑöåö ÝóÃóØóÇÚõæåõ æóÇÓúÊóÞúÓóãó ÈöÇáúÃóÒúáóÇãö ÚöäúÏó (åõÈóáó) ÇáÕøóäóãö æóßóÇäó (åõÈóáõ) Ýöí ÌóæúÝö ÇáúßóÚúÈóÉö¡ ÝóÎóÑóÌó ÇáÒøóáóãõ Úóáóì ÇÈúäöåö ÚóÈúÏö Çááøóåö ÝóÃóÎóÐóåõ áöíóÐúÈóÍóåõ Èóíä (ÅÓÇÝ) æ (äÇÆáÉ) ÝóÞóÇáóÊú áóåõ ÞõÑóíúÔñ: áóÇ ÊóÐúÈóÍõåõ ÍóÊøóì ÊõÚúÐóÑó Ýöíåö¡ ÝóÅöäú ßóÇäó áóåõ ÝöÏóÇÁñ ÝóÏóíúäóÇåõ¡ æóÃóÔóÇÑõæÇ Úóáóíúåö ÈöÇÓúÊöÝúÊóÇÁö ÚóÑøóÇÝóÉò ÈöÎóíúÈóÑó ÝóÑóßöÈõæÇ ÅöáóíúåóÇ ÝóÓóÃóáõæåóÇ æóÞóÕøõæÇ ÚóáóíúåóÇ ÇáúÎóÈóÑó ÝóÞóÇáóÊú: ÞóÑøöÈõæÇ ÕóÇÍöÈóßõãú æóÞóÑøöÈõæÇ ÚóÔúÑðÇ ãöäó ÇáúÅöÈöáö Ëõãøó ÇÖúÑöÈõæÇ ÚóáóíúåóÇ æóÚóáóíúåö ÈöÇáúÞöÏóÇÍö ÝóÅöäú ÎóÑóÌóÊú Úóáóì ÕóÇÍöÈößõãú ÝóÒöíÏõæÇ ãöäó ÇáúÅöÈöáö ÍóÊøóì íóÑúÖóì ÑóÈøõßõãú¡ æóßóÐóáößó ÝóÚóáõæÇ ÝóÎóÑóÌó ÇáúÞóÏóÍõ Úóáóì ÚóÈúÏö Çááøóåö¡ Ýóáóãú íóÒóáú ÚóÈúÏõ ÇáúãõØøóáöÈö íóÒöíÏõ ÚóÔúÑðÇ ãöäó ÇáúÅöÈöáö æóíóÖúÑöÈõ ÚóáóíúåóÇ ÈöÇáúÞöÏóÇÍö æóíóÎúÑõÌõ ÇáúÞóÏóÍõ Úóáóì ÚóÈúÏö Çááøóåö ÍóÊøóì ÈóáóÛóÊö ÇáúÅöÈöáõ ãöÇÆóÉð ÝóÖóÑóÈó ÚóáóíúåóÇ ÝóÎóÑóÌó ÇáúÞóÏóÍõ Úóáóì ÇáúÅöÈöáö ÝóäóÍóÑóåóÇ. æóáóÚóáøó ÓóÏóäóÉó ÇáúÃóÕúäóÇãö ßóÇäõæÇ íóÎúáöØõæäó ÃóãúÑó ÇáúãóæúÁõæÏóÉö ÈöÞóÕúÏö ÇáÊøóÞóÑøõÈö Åöáóì ÃóÕúäóÇãö ÈóÚúÖö ÇáúÞóÈóÇÆöáö (ßóãóÇ ßóÇäóÊú ÓõäøóÉð ãóæúÑõæËóÉð Ýöí ÇáúßóäúÚóÇäöíøöíäó ãöäú äóÈóØö ÇáÔøóÇãö íõÞóÑøöÈõæäó ÕöÈúíóÇäóåõãú Åöáóì ÇáÕøóäóãö ãóáõæßó¡ ÝóÊóßõæäõ ÅöÖóÇÝóÉõ ÇáúÞóÊúáö Åöáóì ÇáÔøõÑóßóÇÁö ãõÓúÊóÚúãóáóÉð Ýöí ÍóÞöíÞóÊöåóÇ æóãóÌóÇÒöåóÇ.(8-Ã/101)
æóÞóÑóÃó ÇáúÌõãúåõæÑõ: Òóíøóäó- ÈöÝóÊúÍö ÇáÒøóÇíö- æóäóÕúÈö: ÞóÊúáó Úóáóì ÇáúãóÝúÚõæáöíøóÉö áö Òóíøóäó¡ æóÑóÝúÚö ÔõÑóßÇÄõåõãú Úóáóì Ãóäøóåõ ÝóÇÚöáõ: Òóíøóäó¡ æóÌóÑøö ÃóæúáÇÏöåöãú ÈöÅöÖóÇÝóÉö ÞóÊúáó Åöáóíúåö ãöäú ÅöÖóÇÝóÉö
ÇáúãóÕúÏóÑö Åöáóì ãóÝúÚõæáöåö. æóÞóÑóÃóåõ ÇÈúäõ ÚóÇãöÑò: Òõíøöäó áößóËöíÑò ãöäó ÇáúãõÔúÑößöíäó ÞóÊúáõ ÃóæúáóÇÏóåõãú ÔõÑóßóÇÆöåöãú ÈöÈöäóÇÁö ÝöÚúáö Òóíøóäó áöáäøóÇÆöÈö¡ æóÑóÝúÚö ÞóÊúáó Úóáóì Ãóäå äóÇÆöÈ ÇáúÝóÇÚöá¡ æóäóÕúÈö ÃóæúáÇÏöåöãú Úóáóì Ãóäøóåõ ãóÝúÚõæáõ ÞóÊúáó¡ æóÌóÑøö ÔõÑóßÇÆöåöãú Úóáóì ÅöÖóÇÝóÉö ÞóÊúáó Åöáóíúåö ãöäú ÅöÖóÇÝóÉö ÇáúãóÕúÏóÑö Åöáóì ÝóÇÚöáöåö¡ æóßóÐóáößó ÑõÓöãóÊú ßóáöãóÉõ ÔõÑóßÇÆöåöãú Ýöí ÇáúãõÕúÍóÝö ÇáúÚõËúãóÇäöíøö ÇáøóÐöí ÈöÈöáóÇÏö ÇáÔøóÇãö¡ æóÐóáößó Ïóáöíáñ Úóáóì Ãóäøó ÇáøóÐöíäó ÑóÓóãõæÇ Êöáúßó ÇáúßóáöãóÉö ÑóÇÚóæúÇ ÞöÑóÇÁóÉó ÔõÑóßÇÆöåöãú ÈöÇáúßóÓúÑö æóåõãú ãöäú Ãóåúáö ÇáúÝóÕóÇÍóÉö æóÇáÊøóËóÈøõÊö Ýöí ÓóäóÏö ÞÑÇÁÇÊ ÇáúÞõÑúÂä¡ ÅöÐÇ ßõÊöÈó ßóáöãóÉõ ÔõÑóßÇÆöåöãú ÈöÕõæÑóÉö ÇáúíóÇÁö ÈóÚúÏó ÇáúÃóáöÝö¡ æóÐóáößó íóÏõáøõ Úóáóì Ãóäøó ÇáúåóãúÒóÉó ãóßúÓõæÑóÉñ¡ æóÇáúãóÚúäóì¡ Úóáóì åóÐöåö ÇáúÞöÑóÇÁóÉö: Ãóäú ãõÒóíøöäðÇ Òóíøóäó áößóËöíÑò ãöäó ÇáúãõÔúÑößöíäó Ãóäú íóÞúÊõáó ÔõÑóßóÇÄõåõãú ÃóæúáóÇÏóåõãú¡ ÝóÅöÓúäóÇÏõ ÇáúÞóÊúáö Åöáóì ÇáÔøõÑóßóÇÁö Úóáóì ØóÑöíÞóÉö ÇáúãóÌóÇÒö ÇáúÚóÞúáöíøö ÅöãøóÇ áöÃóäøó ÇáÔøõÑóßóÇÁó ÓóÈóÈõ ÇáúÞóÊúáö ÅöÐóÇ ßóÇäó ÇáúÞóÊúáõ ÞõÑúÈóÇäðÇ áöáúÃóÕúäóÇãö¡ æóÅöãøóÇ áöÃóäøó ÇáøóÐöíäó ÔóÑøóÚõæÇ áóåõãõ ÇáúÞóÊúáó åõãõ ÇáúÞóÇÆöãõæäó ÈöÏöíóÇäóÉö ÇáÔøöÑúßö ãöËúáõ ÚóãúÑöæ Èúäö áõÍóíøò æóãóäú ÈóÚúÏóåõ¡ æóÅöÐóÇ ßóÇäó ÇáúãõÑóÇÏõ ÈöÇáúÞóÊúáö ÇáúæóÃúÏó¡ ÝóÇáÔøõÑóßóÇÁõ ÓóÈóÈñ æóÅöäú ßóÇäó ÇáúæóÃúÏõ ÞõÑúÈóÇäðÇ áöáúÃóÕúäóÇãö æóÅöäú áóãú íóßõäú ÞõÑúÈóÇäðÇ áóåõãú (æóåõæó ÇáúãóÚúÑõæÝõ) ÝóÇáÔøõÑóßóÇÁõ ÓóÈóÈõ ÇáÓøóÈóÈö¡ áöÃóäøóåõ ãöäú ÔóÑóÇÆöÚö ÇáÔøöÑúßö.
æóåóÐöåö ÇáúÞöÑóÇÁóÉõ áóíúÓó ÝöíåóÇ ãóÇ íõäóÇßöÏõ ÝóÕóÇÍóÉó ÇáúßóáóÇãö áöÃóäøó ÇáúÅöÚúÑóÇÈó íõÈóíøöäõ ãóÚóÇäí ÇáúßóáöãóÇÊ æãæÇÞÚåÇ¡ æóÅöÚúÑóÇÈõåóÇ ãõÎúÊóáöÝñ ãöäú ÑóÝúÚò æóäóÕúÈò æóÌóÑøò ÈöÍóíúËõ áóÇ áóÈúÓó Ýöíåö¡ æóßóáöãóÇÊõåóÇ ÙóÇåöÑñ ÅöÚúÑóÇÈõåóÇ ÚóáóíúåóÇ¡ ÝóáóÇ íõÚóÏøõ ÊóÑúÊöíÈõ ßóáöãóÇÊöåóÇ Úóáóì åóÐóÇ ÇáúæóÕúÝö ãöäó ÇáÊøóÚúÞöíÏö ÇáúãõÎöáøö ÈöÇáúÝóÕóÇÍóÉö¡ ãöËúáõ ÇáÊøóÚúÞöíÏö ÇáøóÐöí Ýöí Þóæúáö ÇáúÝóÑóÒúÏóÞö:
æóãóÇ ãöËúáõåõ Ýöí ÇáäøóÇÓö ÅöáøóÇ ãõãóáøóßðÇ ... ÃóÈõæ Ãõãøöåö Íóíøñ ÃóÈõæåõ íõÞóÇÑöÈõåú
- áöÃóäøóåõ Öóãøó Åöáóì Îóáóáö ÊóÑúÊöíÈö ÇáúßóáóÇãö Ãóäøóåõ Îóáóáñ Ýöí ÃóÑúßóÇäö ÇáúÌõãúáóÉö æóãóÇ ÍóÝøó Èöåö ãöäú ÊóÚóÏøõÏö ÇáÖøóãóÇÆöÑö ÇáúãõÊóÔóÇÈöåóÉö- æóáóíúÓó Ýöí ÇáúÂíóÉö ãöãøóÇ íõÎóÇáöÝõ ãõÊóÚóÇÑóÝó ÇáöÇÓúÊöÚúãóÇáö ÅöáøóÇ ÇáúÝóÕúáõ Èóíúäó ÇáúãõÖóÇÝö æóÇáúãõÖóÇÝö Åöáóíúåö ÈöÇáúãóÝúÚõæáö¡ æóÇáúÎóØúÈõ Ýöíåö(8-Ã/102)
Óóåúáñ: áöÃóäøó ÇáúãóÝúÚõæáó áóíúÓó ÃóÌúäóÈöíøðÇ Úóäö ÇáúãõÖóÇÝö æóÇáúãõÖóÇÝö Åöáóíúåö ÈÇáãÝÚæá¡ æóÌóÇÁó ÇáÒøóãóÎúÔóÑöíøõ Ýöí Ðóáößó ÈöÇáÊøóåúæöíáö¡ æóÇáÖøóÌöíÌö æóÇáúÚóæöíáö¡ ßóíúÝó íõÝúÕóáõ Èóíúäó ÇáúãõÖóÇÝö æóÇáúãõÖóÇÝö Åöáóíúåö ÈöÇáúãóÝúÚõæáö æóÒóÇÏó ØõäúÈõæÑõ ÇáúÅöäúßóÇÑö äóÛúãóÉð. ÝóÞóÇáó: æóÇáøóÐöí Íóãóáóåõ Úóáóì Ðóáößó Ãóäøóåõ ÑóÃóì Ýöí ÈóÚúÖö ÇáúãóÕóÇÍöÝö: ÔõÑóßÇÆöåöãú ãóßúÊõæÈðÇ ÈöÇáúíóÇÁö¡ æóåóÐóÇ ÌóÑúíñ Úóáóì ÚóÇÏóÉö ÇáÒøóãóÎúÔóÑöíøö Ýöí Êóæúåöíäö ÇáúÞöÑóÇÁóÇÊö ÇáúãõÊóæóÇÊöÑóÉö¡ ÅöÐóÇ ÎóÇáóÝóÊú ãóÇ Ïõæøöäó Úóáóíúåö Úöáúãõ ÇáäøóÍúæö¡ áöÊóæóåøõãöåö Ãóäøó ÇáúÞöÑóÇÁóÇÊö ÇÎúÊöíóÇÑóÇÊñ æóÃóÞúíöÓóÉñ ãöäó ÇáúÞõÑøóÇÁö¡ æóÅöäøóãóÇ åöíó ÑöæóÇíóÇÊñ ÕóÍöíÍóÉñ ãõÊóæóÇÊöÑóÉñ æóÝöí ÇáúÅöÚúÑóÇÈö ÏóáóÇáóÉñ Úóáóì ÇáúãóÞúÕõæÏö áóÇ ÊõäóÇßöÏó ÇáúÝóÕóÇÍóÉó.
æóãõÏóæøóäóÇÊõ ÇáäøóÍúæö ãóÇ ÞõÕöÏó ÈöåóÇ ÅöáøóÇ ÖóÈúØõ ÞóæóÇÚöÏö ÇáúÚóÑóÈöíøóÉö ÇáúÛóÇáöÈóÉö áöíóÌúÑöíó ÚóáóíúåóÇ ÇáäøóÇÔöÆõæäó Ýöí
ÇááøõÛóÉö ÇáúÚóÑóÈöíøóÉö¡ æóáóíúÓóÊú ÍóÇÕöÑóÉð áöÇÓúÊöÚúãóÇáö ÝõÕóÍóÇÁö ÇáúÚóÑóÈö¡ æóÇáúÞõÑøóÇÁõ ÍõÌøóÉñ Úóáóì ÇáäøõÍóÇÉö Ïõæäó ÇáúÚóßúÓö¡ æóÞóæóÇÚöÏõ ÇáäøóÍúæö áóÇ ÊóãúäóÚõ ÅöáøóÇ ÞöíóÇÓó ÇáúãõæóáøóÏöíäó Úóáóì ãóÇ æóÑóÏó äóÇÏöÑðÇ Ýöí ÇáúßóáóÇãö ÇáúÝóÕöíÍö¡ æóÇáäøõÏúÑóÉõ áóÇ ÊõäóÇÝöí ÇáúÝóÕóÇÍóÉó¡ æóåóáú íõÙóäøõ ÈöãöËúáö ÇÈúäö ÚóÇãöÑò Ãóäøóåõ íóÞúÑóÃõ ÇáúÞõÑúÂäó ãõÊóÇÈóÚóÉð áöÕõæÑóÉö ÍõÑõæÝö ÇáÊøóåóÌøöí Ýöí ÇáúßöÊóÇÈóÉö. æóãöËúáõ åóÐóÇ áóÇ íóÑõæÌõ Úóáóì ÇáúãõÈúÊóÏöÆöíäó Ýöí Úöáúãö ÇáúÚóÑóÈöíøóÉö¡ æóåóáøóÇ ßóÇäó ÑóÓúãõ ÇáúãõÕúÍóÝö Úóáóì Ðóáößó ÇáÔøóßúáö åóÇÏöíðÇ áöáÒøóãóÎúÔóÑöíøö Ãóäú íóÊóÝóØøóäó Åöáóì ÓóÈóÈö Ðóáößó ÇáÑøóÓúãö. ÃóãøóÇ ÇÈúäõ ÚóØöíøóÉó ÝóÞóÇáó: «åöíó ÞöÑóÇÁóÉñ ÖóÚöíÝóÉñ Ýöí ÇÓúÊöÚúãóÇáö ÇáúÚóÑóÈö» íõÑöíÏõ Ãóäøó Ðóáößó ÇáúÝóÕúáó äóÇÏöÑñ¡ æóåóÐóÇ áóÇ íõËúÈöÊõ ÖóÚúÝó ÇáúÞöÑóÇÁóÉö áöÃóäøó ÇáäøõÏõæÑó áóÇ íõäóÇÝöí ÇáúÝóÕóÇÍóÉó.
æóÈóÚøóÏó ÇÈúäõ ÚóØöíøóÉó åóÐöåö ÇáúÞöÑóÇÁóÉó ÈöÚóÏóãö ãõäóÇÓóÈóÊöåóÇ áöáÊøóÚúáöíáö ÈöÞóæúáöåö: áöíõÑúÏõæåõãú æóÊóÈúÚöíÏõ ÇÈúäö ÚóØöíøóÉó áóåóÇ Êóæóåøõãñ: ÅöÐú áóÇ ãõäóÇÝóÇÉó Èóíúäó Ãóäú íõÒóíøöäõæÇ áóåõãú ÞóÊúáó ÃóæúáóÇÏöåöãú æóÈóíúäó ÇáÊøóÚúáöíáö ÝóÅöäøó ÇáÊøóÚúáöíáó íõÓúÊóÚúãóáõ Ýöí ÇáúÚóÇÞöÈóÉö ãóÌóÇÒðÇ ãöËúáõ Þóæúáöåö ÊóÚóÇáóì: ÝóÇáúÊóÞóØóåõ Âáõ ÝöÑúÚóæúäó áöíóßõæäó áóåõãú ÚóÏõæøðÇ æóÍóÒóäÇð [ÇáúÞóÕóÕ: 8] . æóãöäó ÇáúÚóÌöíÈö Þóæúáõ ÇáØøóÈóÑöíøö: æóÇáúÞöÑóÇÁóÉõ ÇáøóÊöí áóÇ ÃóÓúÊóÌöíÒõ ÛóíúÑóåóÇ- ÈöÝóÊúÍö ÇáÒøóÇíö æóäóÕúÈö: ÇáúÞóÊúáö æóÎóÝúÖö: ÃóæúáÇÏöåöãú æóÑóÝúÚö: ÔõÑóßÇÄõåõãú. æóÐóáößó Úóáóì ÚóÇÏóÊöåö Ýöí äóÕúÈö äóÝúÓöåö ÍóßóãðÇ Ýöí ÇáÊøóÑúÌöíÍö Èóíúäó ÇáúÞöÑóÇÁóÇÊö.(8-Ã/103)
æóÇááøóÇãõ Ýöí: áöíõÑúÏõæåõãú áóÇãõ ÇáúÚóÇÞöÈóÉö Åöäú ßóÇäó ÇáúãõÑóÇÏõ ÈöÇáÔøõÑóßóÇÁö ÇáúÃóÕúäóÇãó¡ Ãóíú ÒóíøóäõæÇ áóåõãú Ðóáößó ÞóÕúÏðÇ áöäóÝúÚöåöãú¡ ÝóÇäúßóÔóÝó Úóäú ÃóÖúÑóÇÑò ÌóåöáõæåóÇ. æóÅöäú ßóÇäó ÇáúãõÑóÇÏõ ÈöÇáÔøõÑóßóÇÁö ÇáúÌöäøó¡ Ãóíö ÇáÔøóíóÇØöíäó ÝóÇááøóÇãõ áöáÊøóÚúáöíáö: áöÃóäøó ÇáúÅöíÞóÇÚó Ýöí ÇáÔøóÑøö ãöäú ØóÈöíÚóÉö ÇáúæóÓúæóÇÓö áöÃóäøóåõ íóÓúÊóÍúÓöäõ ÇáÔøóÑøó æóíóäúÓóÇÞõ Åöáóíúåö ÇäúÓöíóÇÞó ÇáúÚóÞúÑóÈö áöáøóÓúÚö ãöäú ÛóíúÑö ÞóÕúÏò Åöáóì ßóæúäö ãóÇ íóÏúÚõæäóåõãú Åöáóíúåö ãõÑúÏöíðÇ æóãõáúÈöÓðÇ ÝóÅöäøóåõãú ÃóæúáöíóÇÄõåõãú áóÇ íóÞúÕöÏõæäó ÅöÖúÑóÇÑóåõãú æóáóßöäøóåõãú áóãøóÇ ÏóÚóæúåõãú Åöáóì ÃóÔúíóÇÁó åöíó Ýöí äóÝúÓö ÇáúÃóãúÑö ãóÖóÇÑøõ ßóÇäó ÊóÒúíöíäõåõãú ãõÚóáøóáðÇ ÈöÇáúÅöÑúÏóÇÁö æóÇáúÅöáúÈóÇÓö æóÅöäú áóãú íóÝúÞóåõæåõ ÈöÎöáóÇÝö ãóäú ÏóÚóÇ áöÓóÈóÈò ÝóÊóÈóíøóäó ÎöáóÇÝõåõ¡ æóÇáÖøóãöíÑõ áöáÔøõÑóßóÇÁö æóÇáÊøóÚúáöíáõ áöáÊøóÒúíöíäö.
æóÇáúÅöÑúÏóÇÁõ: ÇáúÅöíÞóÇÚõ Ýöí ÇáÑøóÏóì¡ æóÇáÑøóÏóì: ÇáúãóæúÊõ¡ æóíõÓúÊóÚúãóáõ Ýöí ÇáÖøõÑøö ÇáÔøóÏöíÏö ãóÌóÇÒðÇ Ãóæö ÇÓúÊöÚóÇÑóÉð æóÐóáößó ÇáúãõÑóÇÏõ åõäóÇ.
æóáóÈøóÓó Úóáóíúåö ÃóæúÞóÚóåõ Ýöí ÇááøóÈúÓö¡ æóåõæó ÇáúÎóáúØõ æóÇáöÇÔúÊöÈóÇåõ¡ æóÞóÏú ÊóÞóÏøóãó Ýöí Þóæúáöåö ÊóÚóÇáóì:
æóáÇ ÊóáúÈöÓõæÇ ÇáúÍóÞøó ÈöÇáúÈÇØöáö Ýöí ÓõæÑóÉö ÇáúÈóÞóÑóÉö [42] ¡ æóÝöí Þóæúáöåö: æóáóáóÈóÓúäÇ Úóáóíúåöãú ãóÇ íóáúÈöÓõæäó Ýöí åóÐöåö ÇáÓøõæÑóÉö [9] . Ãóíú Ãóäú íóÎúáöØõæÇ Úóáóíúåöãú Ïöíäóåõãú Ýóíõæåöãõæåõãõ ÇáÖøóáóÇáó ÑõÔúÏðÇ æóÃóäøóåõ ãõÑóÇÏõ Çááøóåö ãöäúåõãú¡ Ýóåõãú íóÊóÞóÑøóÈõæäó Åöáóì Çááøóåö æóÅöáóì ÇáúÃóÕúäóÇãö áöÊõÞóÑøöÈóåõãú Åöáóì Çááøóåö¡ æóáóÇ íõÝóÑøöÞõæäó Èóíúäó ãóÇ íóÑúÖóÇåõ Çááøóåõ æóãóÇ áóÇ íóÑúÖóÇåõ¡ æóíõÎóíøöáõæäó Åöáóíúåöãú Ãóäøó æóÃúÏó ÇáúÈóäóÇÊö ãÕáÍóÉ. æóãä ÃÞæáåã: «ÏóÝúäõ ÇáúÈõäóÇåú
ãöäó ÇáúãóßúÑõãóÇåú» (ÇáúÈõäóÇåú. æóÇáúãóßúÑõãóÇåú. ÈöÇáúåóÇÁö ÓóÇßöäóÉð Ýöí ÂÎöÑöåöãóÇ. æóÃóÕúáõåóÇ ÊóÇÁõ ÌóãúÚö ÇáúãõÄóäøóËö ÝóÛõíøöÑóÊú áöÊóÎúÝöíÝö ÇáúãóËóáö) æóåóßóÐóÇ ÔóÃúäõ ÇáÔøõÈóåö æóÇáúÃóÏöáøóÉö ÇáúãóæúåõæãóÉö ÇáøóÊöí áóÇ ÊóÓúÊóäöÏõ Åöáóì Ïóáöíáò.
ÝóãóÚúäóì: æóáöíóáúÈöÓõæÇ Úóáóíúåöãú Ïöíäóåõãú Ãóäøóåõãú íõÍúÏöËõæäó áóåõãú ÏöíäðÇ ãõÎúÊóáöØðÇ ãöäú ÃóÕúäóÇÝö ÇáúÈóÇØöáö¡ ßóãóÇ íõÞóÇáõ: æóÓøöÚö ÇáúÌõÈøóÉó¡ Ãóíö ÇÌúÚóáúåóÇ æóÇÓöÚóÉð¡ æóÞöíáó: ÇáúãõÑóÇÏõ áöíõÏúÎöáõæÇ Úóáóíúåöãõ ÇááøóÈúÓó Ýöí ÇáÏøöíäö ÇáøóÐöí ßóÇäõæÇ Úóáóíúåö æóåõæó Ïöíäõ ÅöÓúãóÇÚöíáó Úóáóíúåö ÇáÓøóáóÇãõ¡ Ãóíö ÇáúÍóäöíÝöíøóÉõ¡ ÝóíóÌúÚóáõæÇ Ýöíåö ÃóÔúíóÇÁó ãöäó ÇáúÈóÇØöáö ÊóÎúÊóáöØõ ãóÚó ÇáúÍóÞøö.
æóÇáúÞóæúáõ Ýöí ãóÚúäóì: æóáóæú ÔÇÁó Çááøóåõ ãóÇ ÝóÚóáõæåõ ÝóÐóÑúåõãú æóãÇ íóÝúÊóÑõæäó ßóÇáúÞóæúáö Ýöí Þóæúáöåö ÂäöÝðÇ æóáóæú ÔÇÁó ÑóÈøõßó ãóÇ ÝóÚóáõæåõ [ÇáúÃóäúÚóÇã: 112] æóÖóãöíÑõ ÇáÑøóÝúÚö Ýöí:(8-Ã/104)
æóÞóÇáõæÇ åóÐöåö ÃóäúÚóÇãñ æóÍóÑúËñ ÍöÌúÑñ áóÇ íóØúÚóãõåóÇ ÅöáøóÇ ãóäú äóÔóÇÁõ ÈöÒóÚúãöåöãú æóÃóäúÚóÇãñ ÍõÑøöãóÊú ÙõåõæÑõåóÇ æóÃóäúÚóÇãñ áóÇ íóÐúßõÑõæäó ÇÓúãó Çááøóåö ÚóáóíúåóÇ ÇÝúÊöÑóÇÁð Úóáóíúåö ÓóíóÌúÒöíåöãú ÈöãóÇ ßóÇäõæÇ íóÝúÊóÑõæäó (138)
ÝóÚóáõæåõ íóÚõæÏõ Åöáóì ÇáúãõÔúÑößöíäó¡ Ãóíú: áóæú ÔóÇÁó Çááøóåõ áóÚóÕóãóåõãú ãöäú ÊóÒúíöíäö ÔõÑóßóÇÆöåöãú¡ Ãóæú íóÚõæÏõ Åöáóì ÇáÔøõÑóßóÇÁö¡ Ãóíú: áóæú ÔóÇÁó Çááøóåõ áóÕóÏøóåõãú Úóäú ÅöÛúæóÇÁö ÃóÊúÈóÇÚöåöãú¡ æóÖóãöíÑõ ÇáäøóÕúÈö íóÚõæÏõ Åöáóì ÇáúÞóÊúáö Ãóæú Åöáóì ÇáÊøóÒúíöíäö Úóáóì ÇáÊøóæúÒöíÚö¡ Úóáóì ÇáúæóÌúåóíúäö Ýöí ÖóãöíÑö ÇáÑøÝÚ.
æóÇáúãÑóÇÏ: È ãóÇ íóÝúÊóÑõæäó ãóÇ íóÝúÊóÑõæäóåõ Úóáóì Çááøóåö ÈöäöÓúÈóÉö Ãóäøóåõ ÃóãóÑóåõãú ÈöãóÇ ÇÞúÊóÑóÝõæåõ¡ æóßóÇäó ÇÝúÊöÑóÇÄõåõãõ ÇÊøöÈóÇÚðÇ áöÇÝúÊöÑóÇÁö ÔõÑóßóÇÆöåöãú¡ ÝóÓóãøóÇåõ ÇÝúÊöÑóÇÁð áöÃóäøóåõãú ÊóÞóáøóÏõæåõ Úóäú ÛóíúÑö äóÙóÑò æóáóÇ ÇÓúÊöÏúáóÇáò¡ ÝóßóÃóäøóåõãú ÔóÇÑóßõæÇ ÇáøóÐöíäó ÇÝúÊóÑóæúåõ ãöäó ÇáÔøóíóÇØöíäö¡ Ãóæú ÓóÏóäóÉö ÇáúÃóÕúäóÇãö¡ æóÞóÇÏóÉö Ïöíäö ÇáÔøöÑúßö¡ æóÞóÏú ßóÇäõæÇ íõãóæøöåõæäó Úóáóì ÇáäøóÇÓö Ãóäøó åóÐóÇ ãöãøóÇ ÃóãóÑó Çááøóåõ Èöåö ßóãóÇ Ïóáøó Úóáóíúåö Þóæúáõåõ Ýöí ÇáúÂíóÉö ÈóÚúÏó åóÐöåö:
ÇÝúÊöÑÇÁð Úóáóíúåö [ÇáúÃóäúÚóÇã: 138] æóÞóæúáõåõ Ýöí ÂÎöÑö ÇáÓøõæÑóÉö: Þõáú åóáõãøó ÔõåóÏÇÁóßõãõ ÇáøóÐöíäó íóÔúåóÏõæäó Ãóäøó Çááøóåó ÍóÑøóãó åóÐóÇ [ÇáúÃóäúÚóÇã: 150] .
[138]
[ÓõæÑóÉ ÇáúÃóäúÚóÇã (6) : ÂíóÉ 138]
æóÞÇáõæÇ åÐöåö ÃóäúÚÇãñ æóÍóÑúËñ ÍöÌúÑñ áóÇ íóØúÚóãõåÇ ÅöáÇøó ãóäú äóÔÇÁõ ÈöÒóÚúãöåöãú æóÃóäúÚÇãñ ÍõÑøöãóÊú ÙõåõæÑõåÇ æóÃóäúÚÇãñ áóÇ íóÐúßõÑõæäó ÇÓúãó Çááøóåö ÚóáóíúåóÇ ÇÝúÊöÑÇÁð Úóáóíúåö ÓóíóÌúÒöíåöãú ÈöãÇ ßÇäõæÇ íóÝúÊóÑõæäó (138)
ÚóØúÝñ Úóáóì ÌõãúáóÉö: æóßóÐáößó Òóíøóäó áößóËöíÑò ãöäó ÇáúãõÔúÑößöíäó ÞóÊúáó ÃóæúáÇÏöåöãú ÔõÑóßÇÄõåõãú [ÇáúÃóäúÚóÇã: 137] æóåóÐóÇ ÖóÑúÈñ ÂÎóÑõ ãöäú Ïöíäöåöãõ ÇáúÈóÇØöáö¡ æóåõæó ÑóÇÌöÚñ Åöáóì ÊóÍúÌöíÑö ÇáÊøóÕóÑøõÝö Úóáóì ÃóäúÝõÓöåöãú Ýöí ÈóÚúÖö ÃóãúæóÇáöåöãú¡ æóÊóÚúíöíäö ãóÕóÇÑöÝöåö¡ æóÝöí åóÐóÇ ÇáúÚóØúÝö ÅöíãóÇÁñ Åöáóì Ãóäøó ãóÇ ÞóÇáõæåõ åõæó ãöäú ÊóáúÞöíäö ÔõÑóßóÇÆöåöãú æóÓóÏóäóÉö ÃóÕúäóÇãöåöãú ßóãóÇ ÞõáúäóÇ Ýöí ãóÚúäóì Òóíøóäó áóåõãú ÔõÑóßóÇÄõåõãú.
æóÇáúÅöÔóÇÑóÉõ ÈöåóÐöåö æóåóÐöåö Åöáóì ÍóÇÖöÑò Ýöí Ðöåúäö ÇáúãõÊóßóáøöãöíäó ÚöäúÏó ÕõÏõæÑö Ðóáößó ÇáúÞóæúáö: æóÐóáößó Ãóäú íóÞõæáó ÃÍÏåã åóÐöå ÇáúÃóÕúäóÇÝ ãóÕúÑöÝõåóÇ ßóÐóÇ¡ æóåóÐöåö ãóÕúÑöÝõåóÇ ßóÐóÇ¡ ÝóÇáúÅöÔóÇÑóÉõ ãöäú ãóÍúßöíøö
Þóæúáöåöãú Íöíäó íõÔóÑøöÚõæäó Ýöí ÈóíóÇäö ÃóÍúßóÇãö(8-Ã/105)
Ïöíäöåöãú¡ ßóãóÇ íóÞõæáõ ÇáúÞóÇÓöãõ: åóÐóÇ áöÝõáóÇäò¡ æóåóÐóÇ áöáúÂÎóÑö.
æóÃóÌúãóáó Ðóáößó åõäóÇ ÅöÐú áóÇ ÛóÑóÖó Ýöí ÈóíóÇäöåö áöÃóäøó ÇáúÛóÑóÖó ÇáÊøóÚúÌöíÈõ ãöäú ÝóÓóÇÏö ÔóÑúÚöåöãú¡ ßóãóÇ ÊóÞóÏøóãó Ýöí Þóæúáöåö ÊóÚóÇáóì: ÝóÞÇáõæÇ åóÐóÇ áöáøóåö ÈöÒóÚúãöåöãú æóåÐÇ áöÔõÑóßÇÆöäÇ [ÇáúÃóäúÚóÇã: 136] æóÞóÏú ÕóäøóÝõæÇ Ðóáößó ËóáóÇËóÉó ÃóÕúäóÇÝò:
ÕöäúÝñ ãõÍúÌóÑñ Úóáóì ãóÇáößöåö ÇäúÊöÝóÇÚõåõ Èöåö¡ æóÅöäøóãóÇ íóäúÊóÝöÚõ Èöåö ãóäú íõÚóíøöäõåõ ÇáúãóÇáößõ. æóÇáøóÐöí íõÄúÎóÐõ ãöãøóÇ Ñõæöíó Úóäú ÌóÇÈöÑö Èúäö ÒóíúÏò æóÛóíúÑöåö: Ãóäøóåõãú ßóÇäõæÇ íõÚóíøöäõæäó ãöäú ÃóäúÚóÇãöåöãú æóÒóÑúÚöåöãú æóËöãóÇÑöåöãú ÔóíúÆðÇ íóÍúÌõÑõæäó Úóáóì ÃóäúÝõÓöåöãõ ÇáöÇäúÊöÝóÇÚó Èöåö¡ æóíõÚóíøöäõæäóåõ áöãóäú íóÔóÇÁõæäó ãöäú ÓóÏóäóÉö ÈõíõæÊö ÇáúÃóÕúäóÇãö¡ æóÎóÏóãóÊöåóÇ¡ ÝóÊõäúÍóÑõ Ãóæ ÊÐÈÍ ÚöäúÏ ãóÇ íóÑóì ãóäú ÚõíøöäóÊú áóåõ Ðóáößó¡ ÝóÊóßõæäõ áöÍóÇÌóÉö ÇáäøóÇÓö æóÇáúæóÇÝöÏöíäó Úóáóì ÈõíõæÊö ÇáúÃóÕúäóÇãö æóÅöÖóÇÝóÊöåöãú¡ æóßóÐóáößó ÇáÒøóÑúÚõ æóÇáËøöãóÇÑõ ÊõÏúÝóÚõ Åöáóì ãóäú ÚõíøöäóÊú áóåõ¡ íóÕúÑöÝõåóÇ ÍóíúËõ íóÊóÚóíøóäõ. æóãöäú åóÐóÇ ÇáÕøöäúÝö ÃóÔúíóÇÁñ ãõÚóíøóäóÉñ ÈöÇáöÇÓúãö¡ áóåóÇ Íõßúãñ ãõäúÖóÈöØñ ãöËúáõ ÇáúÈóÍöíÑóÉö: ÝóÅöäøóåóÇ áóÇ ÊõäúÍóÑõ æóáóÇ ÊõÄóßóáõ ÅöáøóÇ ÅöÐóÇ ãóÇÊóÊú ÍóÊúÝó ÃóäúÝöåóÇ¡ ÝóíóÍöáøõ ÃóßúáõåóÇ áöáÑøöÌóÇáö Ïõæäó ÇáäøöÓóÇÁö¡ æóÅöÐóÇ ßóÇäó áóåóÇ ÏóÑøñ áóÇ íóÔúÑóÈõåõ ÅöáøóÇ ÓóÏóäóÉõ ÇáúÃóÕúäóÇãö æóÖõíõæÝõåõãú¡ æóßóÐóáößó ÇáÓøóÇÆöÈóÉõ íóäúÊóÝöÚõ ÈöÏóÑøöåóÇ ÃóÈúäóÇÁõ ÇáÓøóÈöíáö æóÇáÓøóÏóäóÉõ¡ ÝóÅöÐóÇ ãóÇÊóÊú ÝóÃóßúáõåóÇ ßóÇáúÈóÍöíÑóÉö¡ æóßóÐóáößó ÇáúÍóÇãöí¡ ßóãóÇ ÊóÞóÏøóãó Ýöí ÓõæÑóÉö ÇáúãóÇÆöÏóÉö.
ÝóãóÚúäóì áóÇ íóØúÚóãõåÇ áóÇ íóÃúßõáõ áóÍúãóåóÇ¡ Ãóíú íóÍúÑõãõ Ãóßúáõ áóÍúãöåóÇ. æóäõæäõ ÇáúÌóãóÇÚóÉö Ýöí äóÔÇÁõ ãõÑóÇÏñ ÈöåóÇ ÇáúÞóÇÆöáõæäó¡ Ãóíú íóÞõæáõæäó áóÇ íóØúÚóãõåóÇ ÅöáøóÇ ãóäú äóÔóÇÁõ¡ Ãóíú ãóäú äõÚóíøöäõ Ãóäú íóØúÚóãóåóÇ¡ ÞóÇáó Ýöí «ÇáúßóÔøóÇÝö» : íóÚúäõæäó ÎóÏóãó ÇáúÃóæúËóÇäö æóÇáÑøöÌóÇáó Ïõæäó ÇáäøöÓóÇÁö.
æóÇáúÍóÑúËõ ÃóÕúáõåõ ÔóÞøõ ÇáúÃóÑúÖö ÈöÂáóÉò ÍóÏöíÏöíøóÉò áöíõÒúÑóÚó ÝöíåóÇ Ãóæú íõÛúÑóÓó¡ æóíõØúáóÞõ åóÐóÇ ÇáúãóÕúÏóÑõ Úóáóì ÇáúãóßóÇäö ÇáúãóÍúÑõæËö æóÚóáóì ÇáúÃóÑúÖö ÇáúãóÒúÑõæÚóÉö æóÇáúãóÛúÑõæÓóÉö æóÅöäú áóãú íóßõäú ÈöåóÇ ÍóÑúËñ æóãöäúåõ Þóæúáõåõ ÊóÚóÇáóì: Ãóäö ÇÛúÏõæÇ Úóáì ÍóÑúËößõãú Åöäú ßõäúÊõãú ÕÇÑöãöíäó [ÇáúÞóáóã: 22] ÝóÓóãøóÇåõ ÍóÑúËðÇ Ýöí æóÞúÊö ÌõÐóÇÐö ÇáËøöãóÇÑö.(8-Ã/106)
æóÇáúÍÌÑ: ÇÓúãñ áöáúãõÍúÌóÑö ÇáúãóãúäõæÚö¡ ãöËúáõ ÐóÈúÍò áöáúãóÐúÈõæÍö¡ ÝóãóäúÚõ ÇáúÃóäúÚóÇãö ãóäúÚõ Ãóßúáö áõÍõæãöåóÇ¡ æóãóäúÚõ ÇáúÍóÑúËö ãóäúÚõ Ãóßúáö ÇáúÍóÈøö æóÇáÊøóãúÑö æóÇáËøöãóÇÑö¡ æóáöÐóáößó ÞóÇáó: áóÇ íóØúÚóãõåÇ ÅöáøóÇ ãóäú äóÔÇÁõ.
æóÞóæúáõåõ: ÈöÒóÚúãöåöãú ãõÚúÊóÑöÖñ Èóíúäó áóÇ íóØúÚóãõåÇ ÅöáøóÇ ãóäú äóÔÇÁõ æóÈóíúäó: æóÃóäúÚÇãñ ÍõÑøöãóÊú ÙõåõæÑõåÇ. æóÇáúÈóÇÁõ Ýöí: ÈöÒóÚúãöåöãú ÈöãóÚúäóì (Úóäú) ¡ Ãóæú áöáúãõáóÇÈóÓóÉö¡ Ãóíú íóÞõæáõæäó Ðóáößó ÈöÇÚúÊöÞóÇÏöåöãõ ÇáúÈóÇØöáö¡ áöÃóäøóåõãú áóãøóÇ ÞóÇáõæÇ: áóÇ íóØúÚóãõåÇ áóãú íõÑöíÏõæÇ Ãóäøóåõãú ãóäóÚõæÇ ÇáäøóÇÓó ÃóßúáóåóÇ ÅöáøóÇ ãóäú ÔóÇÁõæåõ¡ áöÃóäøó Ðóáößó ãöäú ÝöÚúáöåöãú æóáóíúÓó ãöäú ÒóÚúãöåöãú. æóÅöäøóãóÇ ÃóÑóÇÏõæÇ ÈöÇáäøóÝúíö äóÝúíó ÇáúÅöÈóÇÍóÉö¡ Ãóíú áóÇ íóÍöáøõ Ãóäú
íóØúÚóãóåóÇ ÅöáøóÇ ãóäú äóÔóÇÁõ¡ ÝóÇáúãóÚúäóì: ÇÚúÊóÞóÏõæåóÇ ÍóÑóÇãðÇ áöÛóíúÑö ãóäú Úóíøóäõæåõ¡ ÍóÊøóì ÃóäúÝõÓóåõãú¡ æóãóÇ åöíó ÈöÍóÑóÇãò¡ ÝóåóÐóÇ ãóæúÞöÚõ Þóæúáöåö: ÈöÒóÚúãöåöãú. æóÊóÞóÏøóãó ÇáúÞóæúáõ Úóáóì ÇáúÈóÇÁö ãöäú Þóæúáöåö: ÈöÒóÚúãöåöãú ÂäöÝðÇ ÚöäúÏó Þóæúáöåö ÊóÚóÇáóì: ÝóÞÇáõæÇ åóÐóÇ áöáøóåö ÈöÒóÚúãöåöãú [ÇáúÃóäúÚóÇã: 136] .
æóÇáÕøöäúÝõ ÇáËøóÇäöí: ÃóäúÚóÇãñ ÍõÑøöãóÊú ÙõåõæÑõåóÇ¡ Ãóíú ÍõÑøöãó ÑõßõæÈõåóÇ¡ ãöäúåóÇ ÇáúÍóÇãöí: áóÇ íóÑúßóÈõåõ ÃóÍóÏñ¡ æóáóåõ ÖóÇÈöØñ ãõÊøóÈóÚñ ßóãóÇ ÊóÞóÏøóãó Ýöí ÓõæÑóÉö ÇáúãóÇÆöÏóÉö¡ æóãöäúåóÇ ÃóäúÚóÇãñ íõÍóÑøöãõæäó ÙõåõæÑóåóÇ¡ ÈöÇáäøóÐúÑö¡ íóÞõæáõ ÃóÍóÏõåõãú: ÅöÐóÇ ÝóÚóáóÊö ÇáäøóÇÞóÉõ ßóÐóÇ ãöäú äóÓúáò Ãóæú ãõæóÇÕóáóÉò Èóíúäó ÚöÏøóÉò ãöäú ÅöäóÇËò¡ æóÅöÐóÇ ÝóÚóáó ÇáúÝóÍúáõ ßóÐóÇ æóßóÐóÇ¡ ÍóÑõãó ÙóåúÑõåõ. æóåóÐóÇ ÃóÔóÇÑó Åöáóíúåö ÃóÈõæ äõæóÇÓò Ýöí Þóæúáöåö ãóÇÏöÍðÇ ÇáúÃóãöíäó:
æóÅöÐóÇ ÇáúãóØöíøõ ÈöäóÇ ÈáøÛä ãõÍóãøóÏðÇ ... ÝÙåæÑ åä Úóáóì ÇáÑøöÌóÇáö ÍóÑóÇãñ
ÝóÞóæúáõåõ: æóÃóäúÚÇãñ ÍõÑøöãóÊú ÙõåõæÑõåÇ ãóÚúØõæÝñ Úóáóì: ÃóäúÚÇãñ æóÍóÑúËñ ÍöÌúÑñ Ýóåõæó ßóÎóÈóÑò Úóäö ÇÓúãö ÇáúÅöÔóÇÑóÉö. æóÚõáöãó Ãóäøóåõ ÚóØúÝõ ÕöäúÝò áöæõÑõæÏöåö ÈóÚúÏó ÇÓúÊöíÝóÇÁö ÇáúÃóæúÕóÇÝö ÇáøóÊöí ÃõÌúÑöíóÊú Úóáóì ÎóÈóÑö ÇÓúãö ÇáúÅöÔóÇÑóÉö æóÇáúãóÚúØõæÝö Úóáóíúåö ÚóÞöÈóåõ. æóÇáÊøóÞúÏöíÑõ: æóÞóÇáõæÇ åóÐöåö ÃóäúÚóÇãñ æóÍóÑúËñ ÍöÌúÑñ æóåóÐöåö ÃóäúÚóÇãñ ÍõÑøöãóÊú ÙõåõæÑõåóÇ(8-Ã/107)
æóÈõäöíó ÝöÚúáõ: ÍõÑøöãóÊú áöáúãóÌúåõæáö: áöÙõåõæÑö ÇáúÝóÇÚöáö¡ Ãóíú ÍóÑøóãó Çááøóåõ ÙõåõæÑóåóÇ ÈöÞóÑöíäóÉö Þóæúáöåö: ÇÝúÊöÑÇÁð Úóáóíúåö.
æóÇáÕøöäúÝõ ÇáËøóÇáöËõ: ÃóäúÚóÇãñ áóÇ íóÐúßõÑõæäó ÇÓúãó Çááøóåö ÚóáóíúåóÇ¡ Ãóíú áóÇ íóÐúßõÑõæäó ÇÓúãó Çááøóåö ÚöäúÏó äóÍúÑöåóÇ Ãóæú ÐóÈúÍöåóÇ¡ íóÒúÚõãõæäó Ãóäøó ãóÇ ÃõåúÏöíó áöáúÌöäøö Ãóæú áöáúÃóÕúäóÇãö íõÐúßóÑõ Úóáóíúåö ÇÓúãõ ãóÇ ÞõÑøöÈó áóåõ¡ æóíóÒúÚõãõæäó Ãóäøó Çááøóåó ÃóãóÑó ÈöÐóáößó áöÊóßõæäó ÎóÇáöÕóÉó ÇáúÞõÑúÈóÇäö áöãóÇ ÚõíøöäóÊú áóåõ¡ ÝóáöÃóÌúáö åóÐóÇ ÇáÒøóÚúãö ÞóÇáó ÊóÚóÇáóì: ÇÝúÊöÑÇÁð Úóáóíúåö ÅöÐú áóÇ íõÚúÞóáõ Ãóäú íõäúÓóÈó Åöáóì Çááøóåö ÊóÍúÑöíãõ ÐößúÑö ÇÓúãöåö Úóáóì ãóÇ íõÞóÑøóÈõ áöÛóíúÑöåö áóæúáóÇ Ãóäøóåõãú íóÒúÚõãõæäó Ãóäøó Ðóáößó ãöäó ÇáúÞõÑúÈóÇäö ÇáøóÐöí íóÑúÖóì Çááøóåõ ÊóÚóÇáóì¡ áöÃóäøóåõ áöÔõÑóßóÇÆöåö¡ ßóãóÇ ßóÇäõæÇ íóÞõæáõæäó: «áóÈøóíúßó áóÇ ÔóÑöíßó áóßó¡ ÅöáøóÇ ÔóÑöíßðÇ åõæó áóßó¡ Êóãúáößõåõ æóãóÇ ãóáóßó» .
æóÚóäú ÌóãóÇÚóÉò ãöäó ÇáúãõÝóÓøöÑöíäó¡ ãöäúåõãú ÃóÈõæ æóÇÆöáò (1) ¡ ÇáúÃóäúÚóÇãõ ÇáøóÊöí áóÇ íóÐúßõÑõæäó ÇÓúãó Çááøóåö ÚóáóíúåóÇ ßóÇäóÊú áóåõãú ÓõäøóÉð Ýöí ÈóÚúÖö ÇáúÃóäúÚóÇãö Ãóäú áóÇ íõÍóÌøó ÚóáóíúåóÇ¡ ÝóßóÇäóÊú ÊõÑúßóÈõ Ýöí ßõáøö æóÌúåò ÅöáøóÇ ÇáúÍóÌøó¡ æóÃóäøóåóÇ ÇáúãõÑóÇÏõ ÈöÞóæúáöåö: æóÃóäúÚÇãñ áóÇ íóÐúßõÑõæäó ÇÓúãó Çááøóåö ÚóáóíúåóÇ áöÃóäøó ÇáúÍóÌøó áóÇ íóÎúáõæ ãöäú ÐößúÑö Çááøóåö Íöíäó Çáúßóæúäö Úóáóì ÇáÑøóÇÍöáóÉö ãöäú ÊóáúÈöíóÉò æóÊóßúÈöíÑò¡ Ýóíóßõæäõ: áóÇ íóÐúßõÑõæäó ÇÓúãó Çááøóåö ÚóáóíúåóÇ
ßöäóÇíóÉð Úóäú ãóäúÚö ÇáúÍóÌøö ÚóáóíúåóÇ¡ æóÇáÙøóÇåöÑõ Ãóäøó åóÐöåö åöíó ÇáúÍóÇãöí æóÇáúÈóÍöíÑóÉö æóÇáÓøóÇÆöÈóÉö¡ áöÃóäøóåõãú áóãøóÇ ÌóÚóáõæÇ äóÝúÚóåóÇ áöáúÃóÕúäóÇãö áóãú íõÌöíÒõæÇ Ãóäú ÊõÓúÊóÚúãóáó Ýöí ÛóíúÑö ÎöÏúãóÉö ÇáúÃóÕúäóÇãö.
æóÞóæúáõåõ: æóÃóäúÚÇãñ áóÇ íóÐúßõÑõæäó ÇÓúãó Çááøóåö ÚóáóíúåóÇ ãóÚúØõæÝñ Úóáóì Þóæúáöåö:
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(1) ÇáúÃóÙúåÑ Ãäøå ÔóÞöíÞ Èä ÓóáãóÉ ÇáúÃóÓÏí ÇáúßõæÝöí ãä ÃóÕúÍóÇÈ ÇÈúä ãóÓúÚõæÏ ÊæÝøí Ýöí ÎáóÇÝóÉ ÚãÑ Èä ÚÈÏ ÇáúÚóÒöíÒ¡ æóíÍúÊóãá Ãäøå ÚÈÏ Çááå Èä ÈÍíÑ- ÈãæÍÏÉ ãóÝúÊõæÍóÉ ÝÍÇÁ ãõåúãáóÉ ãóßúÓõæÑóÉ- ÇáúãÑóÇÏöí ÇáÕøóäúÚóÇäöíø ÇáÞÇÕø¡ æËøÞå ÇÈúä ãÚöíä.(8-Ã/108)
æóÞóÇáõæÇ ãóÇ Ýöí ÈõØõæäö åóÐöåö ÇáúÃóäúÚóÇãö ÎóÇáöÕóÉñ áöÐõßõæÑöäóÇ æóãõÍóÑøóãñ Úóáóì ÃóÒúæóÇÌöäóÇ æóÅöäú íóßõäú ãóíúÊóÉð Ýóåõãú Ýöíåö ÔõÑóßóÇÁõ ÓóíóÌúÒöíåöãú æóÕúÝóåõãú Åöäøóåõ Íóßöíãñ Úóáöíãñ (139)
æóÃóäúÚÇãñ ÍõÑøöãóÊú ÙõåõæÑõåÇ æóåõæó ÚóØúÝõ ÕöäúÝò Úóáóì ÕöäúÝò¡ ÈöÞóÑöíäóÉö ÇÓúÊöíÝóÇÁö ÃóæúÕóÇÝö ÇáúãóÚúØõæÝö Úóáóíúåö¡ ßóãóÇ ÊóÞóÏøóãó Ýöí äóÙöíÑöåö.
æóÇäúÊóÕóÈó: ÇÝúÊöÑÇÁð Úóáóíúåö Úóáóì ÇáúãóÝúÚõæáöíøóÉö ÇáúãõØúáóÞóÉö áö ÞÇáõæÇ¡ Ãóíú ÞóÇáõæÇ Ðóáößó Þóæúáó ÇÝúÊöÑóÇÁò¡ áöÃóäøó ÇáöÇÝúÊöÑóÇÁó ÈóÚúÖõ ÃóäúæóÇÚö ÇáúÞóæúáö¡ ÝóÕóÍøó Ãóäú íóäúÊóÕöÈó Úóáóì ÇáúãóÝúÚõæáö ÇáúãõØúáóÞö ÇáúãõÈóíøöäö áöäóæúÚö ÇáúÞóæúáö¡ æóÇáöÇÝúÊöÑóÇÁõ ÇáúßóÐöÈõ ÇáøóÐöí áóÇ ÔõÈúåóÉó áöÞóÇÆöáöåö Ýöíåö æóÊóÞóÏøóãó ÚöäúÏó Þóæúáöåö ÊóÚóÇáóì: Ýóãóäö ÇÝúÊóÑì Úóáóì Çááøóåö ÇáúßóÐöÈó ãöäú ÈóÚúÏö Ðáößó ÝóÃõæáÆößó åõãõ ÇáÙøóÇáöãõæäó
Ýöí ÓõæÑóÉö Âáö ÚöãúÑóÇäó [94] ¡ æóÚöäúÏó Þóæúáöåö:
æóáßöäøó ÇáøóÐöíäó ßóÝóÑõæÇ íóÝúÊóÑõæäó Úóáóì Çááøóåö ÇáúßóÐöÈó Ýöí ÓõæÑóÉö ÇáúÚõÞõæÏö [103] . æóÅöäøóãóÇ ßóÇäó Þóæúáõåõãö ÇÝúÊöÑóÇÁð: áöÃóäøóåõãõ ÇÓúÊóäóÏõæÇ Ýöíåö áöÔóíúÁò áóíúÓó æóÇÑöÏðÇ áóåõãú ãöäú ÌóÇäöÈö Çááøóåö¡ Èóáú åõæó ãöäú ÖóáóÇáö ßõÈóÑóÇÆöåöãú.
æóÌõãúáóÉõ: ÓóíóÌúÒöíåöãú ÈöãÇ ßÇäõæÇ íóÝúÊóÑõæäó ÇÓúÊöÆúäóÇÝñ ÈóíóÇäöíøñ¡ áöÃóäøó ÇáöÇÝúÊöÑóÇÁó Úóáóì ÇáúÎóÇáöÞö ÃóãúÑñ ÔóäöíÚñ ÚöäúÏó ÌóãöíÚö ÇáúÎóáúÞö¡ ÝóÇáúÅöÎúÈóÇÑõ Èöåö íõËöíÑõ ÓõÄóÇáó ãóäú íóÓúÃóáõ ÚóãøóÇ ÓóíóáúÞóæúäóåõ ãöäú ÌóÒóÇÁö ÇÝúÊöÑóÇÆöåöãú¡ ÝóÃõÌöíÈó ÈöÃóäøó Çááøóåó ÓóíóÌúÒöíåöãú ÈöãóÇ ßóÇäõæÇ íóÝúÊóÑõæäó. æóÞóÏú ÃõÈúåöãó ÇáúÌóÒóÇÁõ áöáÊøóåúæöíáö áöÊóÐúåóÈó ÇáäøõÝõæÓõ ßõáøó ãóÐúåóÈò ãõãúßöäò Ýöí ÃóäúæóÇÚö ÇáúÌóÒóÇÁö Úóáóì ÇáúÅöËúãö¡ æóÇáúÈóÇÁõ ÈöãóÚúäóì (Úóäú) ¡ Ãóæú ááÈÏáíÉ æÇáÚæÖ.
[139]
[ÓõæÑóÉ ÇáúÃóäúÚóÇã (6) : ÂíóÉ 139]
æóÞÇáõæÇ ãóÇ Ýöí ÈõØõæäö åÐöåö ÇáúÃóäúÚÇãö ÎÇáöÕóÉñ áöÐõßõæÑöäÇ æóãõÍóÑøóãñ Úóáì ÃóÒúæÇÌöäÇ æóÅöäú íóßõäú ãóíúÊóÉð Ýóåõãú Ýöíåö ÔõÑóßÇÁõ ÓóíóÌúÒöíåöãú æóÕúÝóåõãú Åöäøóåõ Íóßöíãñ Úóáöíãñ (139)
ÚóØúÝñ Úóáóì Þóæúáöåö: æóÞÇáõæÇ åÐöåö ÃóäúÚÇãñ æóÍóÑúËñ ÍöÌúÑñ [ÇáúÃóäúÚóÇã: 138] . æóÃõÚöíÏó ÝöÚúáõ:
ÞÇáõæÇ áöÇÎúÊöáóÇÝö ÛóÑóÖö ÇáúãóÞõæáö.(8-Ã/109)
æóÇáúÅöÔóÇÑóÉ Åöáóì ÃóäúÚóÇãò ãóÚúÑõæÝóÉò Èóíúäóåõãú ÈöÕöÝóÇÊöåóÇ¡ ßóãóÇ ÊóÞóÏøóãó¡ Ãóæú Åöáóì ÇáúÃóäúÚóÇãö ÇáúãóÐúßõæÑóÉö ÞóÈúáõ.
æóáóÇ íóÊóÚóáøóÞõ ÛóÑóÖñ Ýöí åóÐöåö ÇáúÂíóÉö ÈöÃóßúËóÑö ãöäú ÅöÌúãóÇáö ÇáúÃóÔúíóÇÁö ÇáøóÊöí ÍóÑøóãõæåóÇ áöÃóäøó ÇáúãóÞúÕõæÏó ÇáÊøóÚúÌöíÈõ ãöäú ÝóÓóÇÏö ÔóÑúÚöåöãú ßóãóÇ ÊóÞóÏøóãó ÂäöÝðÇ¡ æóåóÐóÇ ÎóÈóÑñ Úóäú Ïöíäöåöãú Ýöí ÃóÌöäøóÉö ÇáúÃóäúÚóÇãö ÇáøóÊöí ÍóÌóÑõæåóÇ Ãóæú ÍóÑøóãõæÇ ÙõåõæÑóåóÇ¡ ÝóßóÇäõæÇ íóÞõæáõæäó Ýöí ÃóÌöäøóÉö ÇáúÈóÍöíÑóÉö æóÇáÓøóÇÆöÈóÉö: ÅöÐóÇ ÎóÑóÌóÊú ÃóÍúíóÇÁð íóÍöáøõ ÃóßúáõåóÇ áöáÐøõßõæÑö Ïõæäó ÇáäøöÓóÇÁö¡ æóÅöÐóÇ ÎóÑóÌóÊú ãóíúÊóÉð Íóáøó ÃóßúáõåóÇ áöáÐøõßõæÑö æóÇáäøöÓóÇÁö¡ ÝóÇáúãõÑóÇÏõ ÈöãóÇ Ýöí ÇáúÈõØõæä ÇáÃÌäÉ áóÇ ãóÍóÇáóÉó áöÞóæúáöåö: æóÅöäú íóßõäú ãóíúÊóÉð æóÞóÏú ßóÇäõæÇ íóÞõæáõæäó Ýöí ÃóáúÈóÇäö ÇáúÈóÍöíÑóÉö
æóÇáÓøóÇÆöÈóÉö: íóÔúÑóÈõåóÇ ÇáÑøöÌóÇáõ Ïõæäó ÇáäøöÓóÇÁö¡ ÝóÙóäøó ÈóÚúÖõ ÇáúãõÝóÓøöÑöíäó Ãóäøó ÇáúãõÑóÇÏó ÈöãóÇ Ýöí ÈõØõæäö ÇáúÃóäúÚóÇãö ÃóáúÈóÇäõåóÇ¡ æóÑõæöíó Úóäö ÇÈúäö ÚóÈøóÇÓò¡ æóáóÇ íóäúÈóÛöí Ãóäú íóßõæäó åõæó ãóÚúäóì ÇáúÂíóÉö æóáóßöäøó ãóÍúãóáó ßóáóÇãö ÇÈúäö ÚóÈøóÇÓò Ãóäøó ãóÇ Ýöí ÇáúÈõØõæäö íóÔúãóáõ ÇáúÃóáúÈóÇäó áöÃóäøóåóÇ ÊóÇÈöÚóÉñ áöáúÃóÌöäøóÉö æóäóÇÔöÆóÉñ Úóäú æöáóÇÏóÊöåóÇ.
æóÇáúÎóÇáöÕóÉõ: ÇáÓøóÇÆöÛóÉõ¡ Ãóíö ÇáúãõÈóÇÍóÉõ¡ Ãóíú áóÇ ÔóÇÆöÈóÉó ÍóÑóÌò ÝöíåóÇ¡ Ãóíú Ýöí ÃóßúáöåóÇ¡ æóíõÞóÇÈöáõåõ Þóæúáõåõ: æóãõÍóÑøóãñ.
æóÊóÃúäöíËõ ÎÇáöÕóÉñ áÃäø ÇáãõÑóÇÏ ÈöãóÇ ÇáúãóæúÕõæáóÉö ÇáúÃóÌöäøóÉõ ÝóÑõæÚöíó ãóÚúäóì (ãóÇ) æóÑõæÚöíó áóÝúÙõ (ãóÇ) Ýöí ÊóÐúßöíÑö (ãõÍóÑøóãò) .
æóÇáúãõÍóÑøóãõ: ÇáúãóãúäõæÚõ¡ Ãóíú ãóãúäõæÚñ Ãóßúáõåõ¡ ÝóÅöÓúäóÇÏõ ÇáúÎõáõæÕö æóÇáÊøóÍúÑöíãö Åöáóì ÇáÐøóæóÇÊö ÈöÊóÃúæöíáö ÊóÍúÑöíãö ãóÇ ÊõÞúÕóÏõ áóåõ æóåõæó ÇáúÃóßúáõ Ãóæú åõæó æóÇáÔøõÑúÈõ ÈöÏóáóÇáóÉö ÇáöÇÞúÊöÖóÇÁö.
æóÇáúÃóÒúæóÇÌõ ÌóãúÚõ ÒóæúÌò¡ æóåõæó æóÕúÝñ áöáÔøóíúÁö ÇáËøóÇäöí áöÛóíúÑöåö¡ Ýóßõáøõ æóÇÍöÏò ãöäú ÔóíúÆóíúäö ÇËúäóíúäö åõæó ÒóæúÌñ¡ æóáöÐóáößó Óõãøöíó Íóáöíáõ ÇáúãóÑúÃóÉö ÒóæúÌðÇ æóÓõãøöíóÊö ÇáúãóÑúÃóÉõ ÍóáöíáóÉõ ÇáÑøóÌõáö ÒóæúÌðÇ¡ æóåõæó æóÕúÝñ íõáóÇÒöãõ ÍóÇáóÉð æóÇÍöÏóÉð ÝóáóÇ íõÄóäøóËõ æóáóÇ íõËóäøóì æóáóÇ íõÌúãóÚõ. æóÞóÏú ÊóÞóÏøóãó ÚöäúÏó Þóæúáöåö ÊóÚóÇáóì: æóÞõáúäÇ íóÇ ÂÏóãõ ÇÓúßõäú ÃóäúÊó æóÒóæúÌõßó ÇáúÌóäøóÉó Ýöí ÓõæÑóÉö ÇáúÈóÞóÑóÉö(8-Ã/110)
æóÙóÇåöÑõ ÇáúÂíóÉö Ãóäøó ÇáúãõÑóÇÏó Ãóäøóåõ ãõÍóÑøóãñ Úóáóì ÇáäøöÓóÇÁö ÇáúãõÊóÒóæøöÌóÇÊö áöÃóäøóåõãú Óóãøõæåõäøó ÃóÒúæóÇÌðÇ¡ æóÃóÖóÇÝõæåõäøó Åöáóì ÖóãöíÑöåöãú¡ ÝóÊóÚóíøóäó Ãóäøóåõäøó ÇáäøöÓóÇÁõ ÇáúãõÊóÒóæøöÌóÇÊõ Èöåöãú ßóãóÇ íõÞóÇáõ: ÇãúÑóÃóÉõ ÝõáóÇäò. æóÅöÐóÇ ÍóãóáúäóÇåõ Úóáóì ÇáÙøóÇåöÑö- æóåõæó ÇáúÃóæúáóì ÚöäúÏöí- ßóÇäó Ðóáößó ÏóÇáøðÇ Úóáóì Ãóäøóåõãú ßóÇäõæÇ íóÊóÔóÇÁóãõæäó ÈöÃóßúáö ÇáÒøóæúÌóÇÊö áöÔóíúÁò Ðöí ÕöÝóÉò ßóÇäõæÇ íóßúÑóåõæäó Ãóäú ÊõÕöíÈó äöÓóÇÁóåõãú: ãöËúáõ ÇáúÚõÞúãö¡ Ãóæú ÓõæÁö ÇáãÚÇÔÑÉ ãóÚó ÇáúÃÒúæóÇÌ¡ æóÇáäøõÔõæÒö¡ Ãóæö ÇáúÝöÑóÇÞö¡ Ãóæú ÛóíúÑö Ðóáößó ãöäú ÃóæúåóÇãö Ãóåúáö ÇáúÌóÇåöáöíøóÉö æóÊóßóÇÐöíÈöåöãú¡ Ãóæú áöÃóäøóåõ äöÊóÇÌõ ÃóäúÚóÇãò ãõÞóÏøóÓóÉò¡ ÝóáóÇ ÊóÍöáøõ áöáäøöÓóÇÁö¡ áöÃóäøó ÇáúãóÑúÃóÉó ãóÑúãõæÞóÉñ ÚöäúÏó ÇáúÞõÏóãóÇÁö ÞóÈúáó ÇáúÅöÓúáóÇãö ÈöÇáäøóÌóÇÓóÉö æóÇáúÎóÈóÇËóÉö¡ áöÃóÌúáö ÇáúÍóíúÖö æóäóÍúæö Ðóáößó¡ ÝóÞóÏú ßóÇäóÊú Èóäõæ ÅöÓúÑóÇÆöíáó íóãúäóÚõæäó ÇáäøöÓóÇÁó ÏõÎõæáó ÇáúãóÓóÇÌöÏö¡ æóßóÇäó ÇáúÚóÑóÈõ áóÇ íõÄóÇßöáõæäó ÇáúÍóÇÆöÖó¡ æóÞóÇáóÊú ßóÈúÔóÉ ÈäÊ ãÚÏíßÑÈ ÊõÚóíøöÑõ ÞóæúãóåóÇ:
æóáóÇ ÊóÔúÑóÈõæÇ ÅöáøóÇ ÝõÖõæáó äöÓóÇÆößõãú ... ÅöÐóÇ ÇÑúÊóãóáóÊú ÃóÚúÞóÇÈõåõäøó ãöäó ÇáÏøóãö
æóÞóÇáó ÌõãúåõæÑõ ÇáúãõÝóÓøöÑöíäó: ÃõØúáöÞó ÇáúÃóÒúæóÇÌõ Úóáóì ÇáäøöÓóÇÁö ãõØúáóÞðÇ¡ Ãóíú Ýóåõæó ãóÌóÇÒñ ãõÑúÓóáñ ÈöÚóáóÇÞóÉö ÇáúÅöØúáóÇÞö æóÇáÊøóÞúíöíÏö¡ ÝóíóÔúãóáõ ÇáúãóÑúÃóÉó ÇáúÃóíøöãó æóáóÇ íóÔúãóáõ ÇáúÈóäóÇÊó¡ æóÞóÇáó ÈóÚúÖõåõãú: ÃõÑöíÏó Èöåö ÇáúÈóäóÇÊõ Ãóíú ÈöãóÌóÇÒö ÇáúÃóæøóáö ÝóáóÚóáøóåõãú ßóÇäõæÇ íóÊóÔóÇÁóãõæäó ÈöÃóßúáö ÇáúÈóäóÇÊö ãöäúåõ Ãóäú íõÕöíÈóåõäøó ÚõÓúÑõ ÇáÊøóÒóæøõÌö¡ Ãóæú ãóÇ íóÊóÚóíøóÑõæäó ãöäúåõ¡ Ãóæú äóÍúæõ Ðóáößó. æóßóÇäóÊö ÇáúÃóÍúæóÇáõ ÇáÔøóÇÆöÚóÉõ Èóíúäóåõãú ÏóÇáøóÉð Úóáóì ÇáúãõÑóÇÏö.
æóÃóãøóÇ Þóæúáõåõ: æóÅöäú íóßõäú ãóíúÊóÉð Ýóåõãú Ýöíåö ÔõÑóßÇÁõ Ãóíú Åöäú íõæáóÏú ãóÇ Ýöí ÈõØõæäö ÇáúÃóäúÚóÇãö ãóíøöÊðÇ ÌóÇÒó Ãóßúáõåõ áöáÑøöÌóÇáö æóÇáúÃóÒúæóÇÌö¡ Ãóæú áöáÑøöÌóÇáö æóÇáäøöÓóÇÁö¡ Ãóæú áöáÑøöÌóÇáö æóÇáäøöÓóÇÁö æóÇáúÈóäóÇÊö¡ æóÐóáößó áöÃóäøó ÎõÑõæÌóåõ ãóíøöÊðÇ íõÈúØöáõ ãóÇ Ýöíåö ãöäó ÇáÔøõÄúãö Úóáóì ÇáúãóÑúÃóÉö¡ Ãóæú íõÐúåöÈõ ÞóÏóÇÓóÊóåõ Ãóæú äóÍúæõ Ðóáößó.
æóÞóÑóÃó ÇáúÌõãúåõæÑõ: æóÅöäú íóßõäú- ÈöÇáÊøóÍúÊöíøóÉö æóäóÕúÈö ãóíúÊóÉð. æóÞóÑóÃó ÇÈúäõ ßóËöíÑò- ÈöÑóÝúÚö ãóíúÊóÉð-¡ Úóáóì Ãóäøó ßóÇäó ÊóÇãøóÉñ¡ æóÞóÏú ÃõÌúÑöíó ÖóãöíÑõ: íóßõäú Úóáóì ÇáÊøóÐúßöíÑö: áöÃóäøóåõ ÌóÇÆöÒñ Ýöí ÇáúÎóÈóÑö Úóäö ÇÓúãö ÇáúãóæúÕõæáö ÇáúãõÝúÑóÏö ÇÚúÊöÈóÇÑõ ÇáÊøóÐúßöíÑö(8-Ã/111)
áöÊóÌóÑøõÏö áóÝúÙöåö Úóäú ÚóáóÇãóÉö ÊóÃúäöíËò¡ æóÞóÏú íõÑóÇÚóì ÇáúãóÞúÕõæÏõ ãöäúåõ ÝóíóÌúÑöí ÇáúÅöÎúÈóÇÑõ Úóáóì ÇÚúÊöÈóÇÑöåö¡ æóÞóÏö ÇÌúÊóãóÚóÇ Ýöí Þóæúáöåö ÊóÚóÇáóì: æóãöäúåõãú ãóäú íóÓúÊóãöÚõ Åöáóíúßó ÍóÊøóì ÅöÐÇ ÎóÑóÌõæÇ ãöäú ÚöäúÏößó [ãõÍóãøóÏ: 16] . æóÞóÑóÃó ÇÈúäõ ÚóÇãöÑò- ÈöÇáúÝóæúÞöíøóÉö- Úóáóì ÇÊøöÈóÇÚö ÊóÃúäöíËö ÎÇáöÕóÉñ¡ Ãóíú Åöäú Êóßõäö ÇáúÃóÌöäøóÉõ¡ æóÞóÑóÃó ãóíúÊóÉð- ÈöÇáäøóÕúÈö-¡ æóÞóÑóÃóåõ ÃóÈõæ ÈóßúÑò Úóäú ÚóÇÕöãò- ÈöÇáÊøóÃúäöíËö æóÇáäøóÕúÈö-.
æóÌõãúáóÉõ: ÓóíóÌúÒöíåöãú æóÕúÝóåõãú ãõÓúÊóÃúäóÝóÉñ ÇÓúÊöÆúäóÇÝðÇ ÈóíóÇäöíøðÇ¡ ßóãóÇ ÞõáúÊõ Ýöí ÌõãúáóÉö:
ÓóíóÌúÒöíåöãú ÈöãÇ ßÇäõæÇ íóÝúÊóÑõæäó [ÇáúÃóäúÚóÇã: 138] ÂäöÝðÇ.
æóÇáúæóÕúÝõ: ÐößúÑõ ÍóÇáóÇÊö ÇáÔøóíúÁö ÇáúãóæúÕõæÝ æóãóÇ íÊíãøÒ Èöåö áöãóäú íõÑöíÏõ ÊóãúíöíÒóåõ Ýöí ÛóÑóÖò ãóÇ¡ æóÊóÞóÏøóãó Ýöí Þóæúáöåö: ÓõÈúÍÇäóåõ æóÊóÚÇáì ÚóãøóÇ íóÕöÝõæäó Ýöí åóÐöåö ÇáÓøõæÑóÉö [100] . æóÇáúæóÕúÝõ¡ åõäóÇ: åõæó ãóÇ æóÕóÝõæÇ Èöåö ÇáúÃóÌöäøóÉó ãöäú Íóáøò æóÍõÑúãóÉò áöÝóÑöíÞò Ïõæäó ÝóÑöíÞò¡ ÝóÐóáößó æóÕúÝñ Ýöí ÈóíóÇäö ÇáúÍóÑóÇãö æóÇáúÍóáóÇáö ãöäúåõ ßóÞóæúáöåö ÊóÚóÇáóì: æóáÇ ÊóÞõæáõæÇ áöãÇ ÊóÕöÝõ ÃóáúÓöäóÊõßõãõ ÇáúßóÐöÈó åóÐóÇ ÍóáÇáñ æóåÐÇ ÍóÑÇãñ [ÇáäøóÍúá: 116] .
æóÌóÒóÇÄõåõãú Úóäúåõ åõæó ÌóÒóÇÁõ ÓõæÁò ÈöÞóÑöíäóÉö ÇáúãóÞóÇãö¡ áöÃóäøóåõ Óóãøóì ãóÒóÇÚöãóåõãõ ÇáÓøóÇÈöÞóÉó ÇÝúÊöÑóÇÁð Úóáóì Çááøóåö. æóÌõÚöáó ÇáúÌóÒóÇÁõ ãõÊóÚóÏøöíðÇ áöáúæóÕúÝö ÈöäóÝúÓöåö Úóáóì ÊóÞúÏöíÑö ãõÖóÇÝò¡ Ãóíú: ÓóíóÌúÒöíåöãú ÌóÒóÇÁó æóÕÝåã. Öãøä ÓóíóÌúÒöíåöãú ãóÚúäóì íõÚúØöíåöãú¡ Ãóíú ÌóÒóÇÁð æöÝóÇÞðÇ áóåõ.
æóÌõãúáóÉõ: Åöäøóåõ Íóßöíãñ Úóáöíãñ ÊóÚúáöíáñ áößóæúäö ÇáúÌóÒóÇÁö ãõæóÇÝöÞðÇ áöÌõÑúãö æóÕúÝöåöãú. æóÊõÄúÐöäõ (Åöäú) ÈöÇáÑøóÈúØö æóÇáÊøóÚúáöíáö¡ æóÊõÛúäöí ÛóäóÇÁó ÇáúÝóÇÁö¡ ÝóÇáúÍóßöíãõ íóÖóÚõ ÇáúÃóÔúíóÇÁó ãóæóÇÖöÚóåóÇ¡ æóÇáúÚóáöíãõ íóØøóáöÚõ Úóáóì ÃóÝúÚóÇáö ÇáúãóÌúÒöíøöíäó¡ ÝóáóÇ íõÖóíøöÚõ ãöäúåóÇ ãóÇ íÓÊÍÞø ÇáúÌóÒóÇÁ.(8-Ã/112)
ÞóÏú ÎóÓöÑó ÇáøóÐöíäó ÞóÊóáõæÇ ÃóæúáóÇÏóåõãú ÓóÝóåðÇ ÈöÛóíúÑö Úöáúãò æóÍóÑøóãõæÇ ãóÇ ÑóÒóÞóåõãõ Çááøóåõ ÇÝúÊöÑóÇÁð Úóáóì Çááøóåö ÞóÏú ÖóáøõæÇ æóãóÇ ßóÇäõæÇ ãõåúÊóÏöíäó (140)
[ÓõæÑóÉ ÇáúÃóäúÚóÇã (6) : ÂíóÉ 140]
ÞóÏú ÎóÓöÑó ÇáøóÐöíäó ÞóÊóáõæÇ ÃóæúáÇÏóåõãú ÓóÝóåÇð ÈöÛóíúÑö Úöáúãò æóÍóÑøóãõæÇ ãóÇ ÑóÒóÞóåõãõ Çááøóåõ ÇÝúÊöÑÇÁð Úóáóì Çááøóåö ÞóÏú ÖóáøõæÇ æóãÇ ßÇäõæÇ ãõåúÊóÏöíäó (140)
ÊóÐúíöíáñ ÌõÚöáó ÝóÐúáóßóÉð áöáúßóáóÇãö ÇáÓøóÇÈöÞö¡ ÇáúãõÔúÊóãöáö Úóáóì ÈóíóÇäö ÖóáóÇáöåöãú Ýöí ÞóÊúáö ÃóæúáóÇÏöåöãú¡ æóÊóÍúÌöíÑö ÈóÚúÖö ÇáúÍóáóÇáö Úóáóì ÈóÚúÖö ãóäú ÃõÍöáøó áóåõ.
æóÊóÍúÞöíÞõ ÇáúÝöÚúáö Èö ÞóÏú áöáÊøóäúÈöíåö Úóáóì Ãóäøó ÎõÓúÑóÇäóåõãú ÃóãúÑñ ËóÇÈöÊñ¡ ÝóíõÝöíÏõ ÇáÊøóÍúÞöíÞõ ÇáÊøóÚúÌöíÈó ãöäúåõãú ßóíúÝó ÚóãõæÇ ÚóãøóÇ åõãú Ýöíåö ãöäú ÎõÓúÑóÇäöåöãú. æóÚóäú ÓóÚöíÏö Èúäö ÌõÈóíúÑò ÞóÇáó ÇÈúäõ ÚóÈøóÇÓò: ÅöÐóÇ ÓóÑøóßó Ãóäú ÊóÚóáóãó Ìóåúáó ÇáúÚóÑóÈö ÝóÇÞúÑóÃú ãóÇ ÝóæúÞó ÇáËóáóÇËöíäó æóãöÇÆóÉò ãöäú ÓõæÑóÉö ÇáúÃóäúÚóÇãö: ÞóÏú ÎóÓöÑó ÇáøóÐöíäó ÞóÊóáõæÇ ÃóæúáÇÏóåõãú ÓóÝóåÇð ÈöÛóíúÑö Úöáúãò- Åöáóì- æóãÇ ßÇäõæÇ ãõåúÊóÏöíäó. Ãóíú ãöäú Þóæúáöåö ÊóÚóÇáóì æóÌóÚóáõæÇ áöáøóåö ãöãøóÇ ÐóÑóÃó ãöäó ÇáúÍóÑúËö æóÇáúÃóäúÚÇãö äóÕöíÈÇð [ÇáúÃóäúÚóÇã: 136] æóÌóÚóáóåóÇ ÝóæúÞó æÇáËøáÇËíä æóãöÇÆóÉò ÊóÞúÑöíÈðÇ¡ æóåöíó Ýöí ÇáúÚóÏøö ÇáÓøóÇÏöÓóÉõ æóÇáËóáóÇËõæäó æóãöÇÆóÉñ.
æóæóÕóÝó ÝöÚúáóåõãú ÈöÇáúÎõÓúÑóÇäö áöÃóäøó ÍóÞöíÞóÉó ÇáúÎõÓúÑóÇäö äõÞúÕóÇäõ ãóÇáö ÇáÊøóÇÌöÑö¡ æóÇáÊøóÇÌöÑõ ÞóÇÕöÏõ ÇáÑøöÈúÍö æóåõæó ÇáÒøöíóÇÏóÉõ¡ ÝóÅöÐóÇ ÎóÓöÑó ÝóÞóÏú ÈóÇÁó ÈöÚóßúÓö ãóÇ Úóãöáó áöÃóÌúáöåö (æóáöÐóáößó ßóËõÑó Ýöí ÇáúÞõÑúÂäö ÇÓúÊöÚóÇÑóÉõ ÇáúÎõÓúÑóÇäö áöÚóãóáö ÇáøóÐöíäó íóÚúãóáõæäó ØóáóÈðÇ áöãóÑúÖóÇÉö Çááøóåö æóËóæóÇÈöåö ÝóíóÞóÚõæäó Ýöí ÛóÖóÈöåö æóÚöÞóÇÈöåö¡ áöÃóäøóåõãú ÃóÊúÚóÈõæÇ ÃóäúÝõÓóåõãú ÝóÍóÕøóáõæÇ ÚóßúÓó ãóÇ ÊóÚöÈõæÇ áöÃóÌúáöåö) Ðóáößó Ãóäøó åóÄõáóÇÁö ÇáøóÐöíäó ÞóÊóáõæÇ ÃóæúáóÇÏóåõãú ÞóÏú ØóáóÈõæÇ äóÝúÚó ÃóäúÝõÓöåöãú ÈöÇáÊøóÎóáøõÕö ãöäú ÃóÖúÑóÇÑò Ýöí ÇáÏøõäúíóÇ ãõÍúÊóãóáò áóÍóÇÞõåóÇ Èöåöãú ãöäú ÌóÑøóÇÁö ÈóäóÇÊöåöãú¡ ÝóæóÞóÚõæÇ Ýöí ÃóÖúÑóÇÑò ãõÍóÞøóÞóÉò Ýöí ÇáÏøõäúíóÇ æóÝöí ÇáúÂÎöÑóÉö¡ ÝóÅöäøó ÇáäøóÓúáó äöÚúãóÉñ ãöäó Çááøóåö Úóáóì ÇáúæóÇáöÏóíúäö íóÃúäóÓõæäó Èöåö æóíóÌöÏõæäóåõ áößöÝóÇíóÉö ãõåöãøóÇÊöåöãú¡ æóäöÚúãóÉñ Úóáóì ÇáúÞóÈöíáóÉö ÊóßúËõÑõ æóÊóÚúÊóÒøõ¡ æóÚóáóì ÇáúÚóÇáóãö ßõáøöåö ÈößóËúÑóÉö ãóäú íõÚóãøöÑõåõ æóÈöãóÇ íóäúÊóÝöÚõ Èöåö ÇáäøóÇÓõ ãöäú ãóæóÇåöÈö ÇáäøóÓúáö æóÕóäóÇÆöÚöåö¡ æóäöÚúãóÉñ Úóáóì ÇáäøóÓúáö äóÝúÓöåö ÈöãóÇ íóäóÇáõåõ ãöäú äóÚöíãö ÇáúÍóíóÇÉö æóãóáóÐøóÇÊöåóÇ. æóáöÊöáúßó ÇáúÝóæóÇÆöÏö ÇÞúÊóÖóÊú ÍößúãóÉõ Çááøóåö ÅöíÌóÇÏó äöÙóÇãö(8-Ã/113)
ÇáÊøóäóÇÓõáö¡ ÍöÝúÙðÇ áöáäøóæúÚö¡ æóÊóÚúãöíÑðÇ áöáúÚóÇáóãö¡ æóÅöÙúåóÇÑðÇ áöãóÇ Ýöí ÇáúÅöäúÓóÇäö ãöäú ãóæóÇåöÈó ÊóäúÝóÚõåõ æóÊóäúÝóÚõ Þóæúãóåõ¡ Úóáóì ãóÇ Ýöí Úóãóáöåöãú ãöäö ÇÚúÊöÏóÇÁò Úóáóì ÍóÞøö ÇáúÈöäúÊö ÇáøóÐöí ÌóÚóáóåõ Çááøóåõ áóåóÇ æóåõæó ÍóÞøõ ÇáúÍóíóÇÉö Åöáóì ÇäúÞöÖóÇÁö ÇáúÃóÌóáö ÇáúãõÞóÏøóÑö áóåóÇ æóåõæó ÍóÞøñ ÝöØúÑöíøñ áóÇ íóãúáößõåõ ÇáúÃóÈõ Ýóåõæó Ùõáúãñ Èóíøöäñ áöÑóÌóÇÁö ÕóáóÇÍò áöÛóíúÑö ÇáúãóÙúáõæãö æóáóÇ íõÖóÑøõ ÈöÃóÍóÏò áöíóäúÊóÝöÚó ÛóíúÑõåõ. ÝóáóãøóÇ ÞóÊóáó ÈóÚúÖõ ÇáúÚóÑóÈö ÈóäóÇÊóåõãú ÈöÇáúæóÃúÏö ßóÇäõæÇ ÞóÏú ÚóØøóáõæÇ ãóÕóÇáöÍó ÚóÙöíãóÉð ãõÍóÞøóÞóÉð¡ æóÇÑúÊóßóÈõæÇ Èöåö ÃóÖúÑóÇÑðÇ ÍóÇÕöáóÉð¡ ãöäú ÍóíúËõ ÃóÑóÇÏõæÇ ÇáÊøóÎóáøõÕó ãöäú ÃóÖúÑóÇÑò ØóÝöíÝóÉò ÛóíúÑö ãõÍóÞøóÞóÉö ÇáúæõÞõæÚö¡ ÝóáóÇ ÌóÑóãó Ãóäú ßóÇäõæÇ Ýöí ÝöÚúáöåöãú ßóÇáÊøóÇÌöÑö ÇáøóÐöí ÃóÑóÇÏó ÇáÑøöÈúÍó ÝóÈóÇÁó ÈöÖóíóÇÚö ÃóÕúáö ãóÇáöåö¡ æóáöÃóÌúáö Ðóáößó Óóãøóì Çááøóåõ ÝöÚúáóåõãú: ÓóÝóåðÇ¡ áöÃóäøó ÇáÓøóÝóåó åõæó ÎöÝøóÉõ ÇáúÚóÞúáö æóÇÖúØöÑóÇÈõåõ¡ æóÝöÚúáõåõãú Ðóáößó ÓóÝóåñ ãóÍúÖñ¡ æÃíø ÓóÝóåñ ÃóÚúÙóãõ ãöäú ÅöÖóÇÚóÉö ãóÕóÇáöÍó ÌóãøóÉò æóÇÑúÊößóÇÈö ÃóÖúÑóÇÑò ÚóÙöíãóÉò æóÌöäóÇíóÉò ÔóäöíÚóÉò¡ áöÃóÌúáö ÇáÊøóÎóáøõÕö ãöäú ÃóÖúÑóÇÑò ØóÝöíÝóÉò ÞóÏú ÊóÍúÕõáõ æóÞóÏú áóÇ ÊóÍúÕõáõ. æóÊóÚúÑöíÝõ ÇáúãõÓúäóÏö Åöáóíúåö ÈöÇáúãóæúÕõæáöíøóÉö áöáúÅöíãóÇÁö Åöáóì Ãóäøó ÇáÕøöáóÉó ÚöáøóÉñ Ýöí ÇáúÎóÈóÑö ÝóÅöäøó ÎõÓúÑóÇäóåõãú ãõÓóÈøóÈñ Úóäú ÞóÊúáö ÃóæúáóÇÏöåöãú.
æóÞóæúáõåõ: ÓóÝóåÇð ãóäúÕõæÈñ Úóáóì ÇáúãóÝúÚõæáö ÇáúãõØúáóÞö ÇáúãõÈóíøöäö áöäóæúÚö ÇáúÞóÊúáö: Ãóäøóåõ ÞóÊúáõ ÓóÝóåò áóÇ ÑóÃúíó áöÕóÇÍöÈöåö¡ ÈöÎöáóÇÝö ÞóÊúáö ÇáúÚóÏõæøö æóÞóÊúáö ÇáúÞóÇÊöáö¡ æóíóÌõæÒõ Ãóäú íóäúÊóÕöÈó Úóáóì ÇáúÍóÇáö ãöäó ÇáøóÐöíäó ÞóÊóáõæÇ¡ æõÕöÝõæÇ ÈöÇáúãóÕúÏóÑö áöÃóäøóåõãú ÓõÝóåóÇÁõ ÈóÇáöÛõæäó ÃóÞúÕóì ÇáÓøóÝóåö.
æóÇáúÈóÇÁõ Ýöí Þóæúáöåö: ÈöÛóíúÑö Úöáúãò áöáúãõáóÇÈóÓóÉö¡ æóåöíó Ýöí ãóæúÖöÚö ÇáúÍóÇáö ÅöãøóÇ ãöäú ÓóÝóåÇð ÝóÊóßõæäõ ÍóÇáðÇ ãõÄóßøóÏóÉð¡ ÅöÐö ÇáÓøóÝóåõ áóÇ íóßõæäõ ÅöáøóÇ ÈöÛóíúÑö Úöáúãò¡ æóÅöãøóÇ ãöäú ÝóÇÚöáö ÞóÊóáõæÇ¡ ÝóÅöäøóåõãú áóãøóÇ ÝóÚóáõæÇ ÇáúÞóÊúáó ßóÇäõæÇ ÌóÇåöáöíäó ÈöÓóÝóÇåóÊöåöãú æóÈöÔóäóÇÚóÉö ÝöÚúáöåöãú æóÈöÚóÇÞöÈóÉö ãóÇ ÞóÏøóÑõæÇ ÍõÕõæáóåõ áóåõãú ãöäó ÇáÖøõÑøö¡ ÅöÐú ÞóÏú íóÍúÕõáõ ÎöáóÇÝõ ãóÇ ÞóÏøóÑõæåõ æóáóæú ßóÇäõæÇ íóÒöäõæäó ÇáúãóÕóÇáöÍó æóÇáúãóÝóÇÓöÏó áóãóÇ ÃóÞúÏóãõæÇ Úóáóì ÝöÚúáóÊöåöãõ ÇáúÝóÙöíÚóÉö.
æóÇáúãóÞúÕõæÏõ ãöäó ÇáúÅöÎúÈóÇÑö Úóäú ßóæúäöåö ÈöÛóíúÑö Úöáúãò¡ ÈóÚúÏó ÇáúÅöÎúÈóÇÑö Úóäúåõ ÈöÃóäøóåõ(8-Ã/114)
ÓóÝóåñ. ÇáÊøóäúÈöíåõ Úóáóì Ãóäøóåõãú ÝóÚóáõæÇ Ðóáöß ÙäøÇ ãöäúåõã Ãäøåã ÃóÕóÇÈõæÇ ÝöíãóÇ ÝÚáæÇ¡ æÃäøåã ÚáãõæÇ ßóíÝó íÑÃÈæä ãóÇ Ýöí ÇáúÚóÇáóãö ãöäó ÇáúãóÝóÇÓöÏö¡ æóíõäóÙøöãõæäó ÍóíóÇÊóåõãú ÃóÍúÓóäó äöÙóÇãò¡ æóåõãú Ýöí Ðóáößó ãóÛúÑõæÑõæäó ÈöÃóäúÝõÓöåöãú¡ æóÌóÇåöáõæäó ÈöÃóäøóåõãú íóÌúåóáõæäó ÇáøóÐöíäó Öóáøó ÓóÚúíõåõãú Ýöí ÇáúÍóíÇÉö ÇáÏøõäúíÇ æóåõãú íóÍúÓóÈõæäó Ãóäøóåõãú íõÍúÓöäõæäó ÕõäúÚÇð [ÇáúßóåúÝ: 104] . æóÊóÞóÏøóãó ÇáúßóáóÇãõ Úóáóì ÇáúæóÃúÏö ÂäöÝðÇ¡ æóíóÃúÊöí Ýöí ÓõæÑóÉö ÇáúÅöÓúÑóÇÁö ÚöäúÏó Þóæúáöåö: æóáÇ ÊóÞúÊõáõæÇ ÃóæúáÇÏóßõãú ÎóÔúíóÉó ÅöãúáÇÞò [ÇáúÅöÓúÑóÇÁ: 31] .
æóÞóÑóÃó ÇáúÌõãúåõæÑõ: ÞóÊóáõæÇ ÃóæúáÇÏóåõãú- ÈöÊóÎúÝöíÝö ÇáÊøóÇÁö- æóÞóÑóÃóåõ ÇÈúäõ ÚóÇãöÑò- ÈöÊóÔúÏöíÏö ÇáÊøóÇÁö- áöÃóäøóåõ ÞóÊúáñ ÈöÔöÏøóÉò¡ æóáóíúÓóÊú ÞöÑóÇÁóÉõ ÇáúÌõãúåõæÑö ãõÝöíÊóÉð åóÐóÇ ÇáúãóÚúäóì¡ áöÃóäøó ÊóÓúáöíØó ÝöÚúáö ÇáúÞóÊúáö Úóáóì ÇáúÃóæúáóÇÏö íõÝöíÏõ Ãóäøóåõ ÞóÊúáñ ÝóÙöíÚñ.
æóÞóæúáõåõ: æóÍóÑøóãõæÇ ãóÇ ÑóÒóÞóåõãõ Çááøóåõ äóÚóì Úóáóíúåöãú ÎõÓúÑóÇäóåõãú Ýöí Ãóäú ÍóÑøóãõæÇ Úóáóì ÃóäúÝõÓöåöãú ÈóÚúÖó ãóÇ ÑóÒóÞóåõãõ Çááøóåõ¡ ÝóÍõÑöãõæÇ ÇáöÇäúÊöÝóÇÚó Èöåö¡ æóÍóÑóãõæÇ ÇáäøóÇÓó ÇáöÇäúÊöÝóÇÚó Èöåö¡ æóåóÐóÇ ÔóÇãöáñ áöÌóãöíÚö ÇáúãõÔúÑößöíäó¡ ÈöÎöáóÇÝö ÇáøóÐöíäó ÞóÊóáõæÇ ÃóæúáóÇÏóåõãú. æóÇáúãóæúÕõæáõ ÇáøóÐöí íõÑóÇÏõ Èöåö ÇáúÌóãóÇÚóÉõ íóÕöÍøõ Ýöí ÇáúÚóØúÝö Úóáóì ÕöáóÊöåö Ãóäú Êóßõæäó ÇáúÌõãóáõ ÇáúãõÊóÚóÇØöÝóÉõ ãóÚó ÇáÕøöáóÉö ãõæóÒøóÚóÉð Úóáóì ØóæóÇÆöÝö Êöáúßó ÇáúÌóãóÇÚóÉö ßóÞóæúáöåö ÊóÚóÇáóì: Åöäøó ÇáøóÐöíäó íóßúÝõÑõæäó ÈöÂíÇÊö Çááøóåö æóíóÞúÊõáõæäó ÇáäøóÈöíøöíäó ÈöÛóíúÑö ÍóÞøò æóíóÞúÊõáõæäó ÇáøóÐöíäó íóÃúãõÑõæäó ÈöÇáúÞöÓúØö ãöäó ÇáäøóÇÓö ÝóÈóÔøöÑúåõãú ÈöÚóÐÇÈò Ãóáöíãò [Âá ÚãÑóÇä: 21] .
æóÇäúÊóÕóÈó ÇÝúÊöÑÇÁð Úóáóì ÇáúãóÝúÚõæáö ÇáúãõØúáóÞö áö ÍóÑøóãõæÇ: áöÈóíóÇäö äóæúÚö ÇáÊøóÍúÑöíãö ÈöÃóäøóåõãú äóÓóÈõæåõ áöáøóåö ßóÐöÈðÇ.
æóÌõãúáóÉõ ÞóÏú ÖóáøõæÇ ÇÓúÊöÆúäóÇÝñ ÇÈúÊöÏóÇÆöíøñ áöÒöíóÇÏóÉö ÇáäøöÏóÇÁö Úóáóì ÊóÍóÞøõÞö ÖóáóÇáöåöãú.
æóÇáÖøóáóÇáõ: ÎóØóÃõ ÇáØøóÑöíÞö ÇáúãõæÕøöáö Åöáóì ÇáúãóÞúÕõæÏö¡ Ýóåõãú ÑóÇãõæÇ ÇáúÈõáõæÛó Åöáóì ãóÕóÇáöÍó ÏõäúíóæöíøóÉò¡ æóÇáÊøóÞóÑøõÈó Åöáóì Çááøóåö æóÅöáóì ÔõÑóßóÇÆöåöãú¡ ÝóæóÞóÚõæÇ Ýöí ÇáúãóÝóÇÓöÏö ÇáúÚóÙöíãóÉö¡ æóÃóÈúÚóÏóåõãõ Çááøóåõ ÈöÐõäõæÈöåöãú¡ ÝóáöÐóáößó ßóÇäõæÇ ßóãóäú ÑóÇãó ÇáúæõÕõæáó ÝóÓóáóßó ØóÑöíÞðÇ ÂÎóÑó.(8-Ã/115)
æóåõæó ÇáøóÐöí ÃóäúÔóÃó ÌóäøóÇÊò ãóÚúÑõæÔóÇÊò æóÛóíúÑó ãóÚúÑõæÔóÇÊò æóÇáäøóÎúáó æóÇáÒøóÑúÚó ãõÎúÊóáöÝðÇ Ãõßõáõåõ æóÇáÒøóíúÊõæäó æóÇáÑøõãøóÇäó ãõÊóÔóÇÈöåðÇ æóÛóíúÑó ãõÊóÔóÇÈöåò ßõáõæÇ ãöäú ËóãóÑöåö ÅöÐóÇ ÃóËúãóÑó æóÂÊõæÇ ÍóÞøóåõ íóæúãó ÍóÕóÇÏöåö æóáóÇ ÊõÓúÑöÝõæÇ Åöäøóåõ áóÇ íõÍöÈøõ ÇáúãõÓúÑöÝöíäó (141)
æóÚóØúÝõ æóãÇ ßÇäõæÇ ãõåúÊóÏöíäó Úóáóì ÞóÏú ÖóáøõæÇ áöÞóÕúÏö ÇáÊøóÃúßöíÏö áöãóÖúãõæäö ÌõãúáóÉö ÖóáøõæÇ áöÃóäøó ãóÖúãõæäó åóÐöåö ÇáúÌõãúáóÉö íóäúÝöí ÖöÏøó ÇáúÌõãúáóÉ ÇáÃæáì ÝÊÄæá Åöáóì ÊóÞúÑöíÑö ãóÚúäóÇåóÇ.
æóÇáúÚóÑóÈõ ÅöÐóÇ ÃóßøóÏõæÇ ÈöãöËúáö åóÐóÇ ÞóÏú íóÃúÊõæäó Èöåö ÛóíúÑó ãóÚúØõæÝò äóÙóÑðÇ áöãóÂáö ãõÝóÇÏö ÇáúÌõãúáóÊóíúäö¡ æóÃóäøóåõãóÇ ÈöÇÚúÊöÈóÇÑöåö ÈöãóÚúäðì æóÇÍöÏò¡ æóÐóáößó ÍóÞøõ ÇáÊøóÃúßöíÏö ßóãóÇ Ýöí Þóæúáöåö ÊóÚóÇáóì: ÃóãúæÇÊñ ÛóíúÑõ ÃóÍúíÇÁò [ÇáäøóÍúá: 21] æóÞóæúáöåö: ÝóÐáößó íóæúãóÆöÐò íóæúãñ ÚóÓöíÑñ Úóáóì ÇáúßÇÝöÑöíäó ÛóíúÑõ íóÓöíÑò [ÇáãÏËÑ: 9¡ 10] . æóÞóæúáö ÇáúÃóÚúÔóì:
ÅöãøóÇ ÊóÑóíúäóÇ ÍõÝóÇÉð áóÇ äöÚóÇáó áóäóÇ æóÞóÏú íóÃúÊõæäó Èöåö ÈöÇáúÚóØúÝö æóåõæó ÚóØúÝñ ÕõæÑöíøñ áöÃóäøóåõ ÇÚúÊöÏóÇÏñ ÈöÃóäøó ãóÝúåõæãó ÇáúÌõãúáóÊóíúäö ãõÎúÊóáöÝñ¡ æóáóÇ ÇÚúÊöÏóÇÏ ÈãÂáåãÇ ßóãóÇ Ýöí Þóæúáöåö ÊóÚóÇáóì: æóÃóÖóáøó ÝöÑúÚóæúäõ Þóæúãóåõ æóãÇ åóÏì [Øå: 79] æóÞóæúáöåö:
ÞóÏú ÖóáóáúÊõ ÅöÐÇð æóãÇ ÃóäóÇ ãöäó ÇáúãõåúÊóÏöíäó [ÇáúÃóäúÚóÇã: 56] æóÞóæúáö ÇáúãõÊóäóÈøöí:
æóÇáúÈóíúäõ ÌóÇÑó Úóáóì ÖõÚúÝöí æóãóÇ ÚóÏóáóÇ æóßóÐóáößó ÌóÇÁó Ýöí åóÐöåö ÇáúÂíóÉö áöíõÝöíÏó¡ ÈöÇáúÚóØúÝö¡ ÃóäøóåõãóÇ ÎóÈóÑóÇäö Úóäú ãóÓóÇæöíåöãú.
æó (ßóÇäó) åõäóÇ Ýöí Íõßúãö ÇáÒøóÇÆöÏóÉö: áöÃóäøóåóÇ ÒóÇÆöÏóÉñ ãóÚúäðì¡ æóÅöäú ßóÇäóÊú ÚóÇãöáóÉð¡ æóÇáúãõÑóÇÏõ: æóãóÇ åõãú ÈöãõåúÊóÏöíäó¡ ÝóÒöíóÇÏóÉõ (ßóÇäó) åõäóÇ áöÊóÍúÞöíÞö ÇáäøóÝúíö ãöËúáõ ãóæúÞöÚöåóÇ ãóÚó áóÇãö ÇáúÌõÍõæÏö¡ æóáóíúÓó ÇáúãõÑóÇÏõ Ãóäøóåõãú ãóÇ ßóÇäõæÇ ãõåúÊóÏöíäó ÞóÈúáó Ãóäú íóÞúÊõáõæÇ ÃóæúáóÇÏóåõãú æóíõÍóÑøöãõæÇ ãóÇ ÑóÒóÞóåõãõ Çááøóåõ¡ áöÃóäøó åóÐóÇ áóÇ íóÊóÚóáøóÞõ Èöåö ÛóÑóÖñ ÈóáöíÛñ.
[141]
[ÓõæÑóÉ ÇáúÃóäúÚóÇã (6) : ÂíóÉ 141]
æóåõæó ÇáøóÐöí ÃóäúÔóÃó ÌóäøóÇÊò ãóÚúÑõæÔÇÊò æóÛóíúÑó ãóÚúÑõæÔÇÊò æóÇáäøóÎúáó æóÇáÒøóÑúÚó ãõÎúÊóáöÝÇð Ãõßõáõåõ æóÇáÒøóíúÊõæäó æóÇáÑøõãøóÇäó ãõÊóÔÇÈöåÇð æóÛóíúÑó ãõÊóÔÇÈöåò ßõáõæÇ ãöäú ËóãóÑöåö ÅöÐÇ ÃóËúãóÑó æóÂÊõæÇ ÍóÞøóåõ íóæúãó ÍóÕÇÏöåö æóáÇ ÊõÓúÑöÝõæÇ Åöäøóåõ áóÇ íõÍöÈøõ ÇáúãõÓúÑöÝöíäó (141)
æóåõæó ÇáøóÐöí ÃóäúÔóÃó ÌóäøóÇÊò ãóÚúÑõæÔÇÊò æóÛóíúÑó ãóÚúÑõæÔÇÊò æóÇáäøóÎúáó æóÇáÒøóÑúÚó ãõÎúÊóáöÝÇð Ãõßõáõåõ æóÇáÒøóíúÊõæäó æóÇáÑøõãøóÇäó ãõÊóÔÇÈöåÇð æóÛóíúÑó ãõÊóÔÇÈöåò.(8-Ã/116)
ÇáúæóÇæõ Ýöí: æóåõæó ÇáøóÐöí ÃóäúÔóÃó áöáúÚóØúÝö¡ Ýóíóßõæäõ ÚóØúÝõ åóÐöåö ÇáúÌõãúáóÉö Úóáóì ÌõãúáóÉö
æóÍóÑøóãõæÇ ãóÇ ÑóÒóÞóåõãõ Çááøóåõ [ÇáúÃóäúÚóÇã: 140] ÊóÐúßöíÑðÇ ÈöãöäøóÉö Çááøóåö ÊóÚóÇáóì Úóáóì ÇáäøóÇÓö ÈöãóÇ ÃóäúÔóÃó áóåõãú Ýöí ÇáúÃóÑúÖö ãöãóÇ íóäúÝóÚõåõãú¡ ÝóÈóÚúÏó Ãóäú Èóíøóäó ÓõæÁó ÊóÕóÑøõÝö ÇáúãõÔúÑößöíäó ÝöíãóÇ ãóäøó Èöåö Úóáóì ÇáäøóÇÓö ßõáøöåöãú ãóÚó ÊóÓúÝöíåö ÂÑóÇÆöåöãú Ýöí ÊóÍúÑöíãö ÈóÚúÖöåóÇ Úóáóì ÃóäúÝõÓöåöãú¡ ÚóØóÝó Úóáóíúåö ÇáúãöäøóÉó ÈöÐóáößó ÇÓúÊöäúÒóÇáðÇ Èöåöãú Åöáóì ÅöÏúÑóÇßö ÇáúÍóÞøö æóÇáÑøõÌõæÚö Úóäö ÇáúÛóíøö¡ æóáöÐóáößó ÃõÚöíÏó Ýöí åóÐöåö ÇáúÂíóÉö ÛóÇáöÈõ ãóÇ ÐõßöÑó Ýöí äóÙöíÑóÊöåóÇ ÇáúãõÊóÞóÏøöãóÉö Ýöí Þóæúáöåö: æóåõæó ÇáøóÐöí ÃóäúÒóáó ãöäó ÇáÓøóãÇÁö ãóÇÁð ÝóÃóÎúÑóÌúäÇ Èöåö äóÈÇÊó ßõáøö ÔóíúÁò ÝóÃóÎúÑóÌúäÇ ãöäúåõ ÎóÖöÑÇð äõÎúÑöÌõ ãöäúåõ ÍóÈøðÇ ãõÊóÑÇßöÈÇð æóãöäó ÇáäøóÎúáö ãöäú ØóáúÚöåÇ ÞöäúæÇäñ ÏÇäöíóÉñ æóÌóäøóÇÊò ãöäú ÃóÚúäÇÈò æóÇáÒøóíúÊõæäó æóÇáÑøõãøóÇäó ãõÔúÊóÈöåÇð æóÛóíúÑó ãõÊóÔÇÈöåò ÇäúÙõÑõæÇ Åöáì ËóãóÑöåö ÅöÐÇ ÃóËúãóÑó æóíóäúÚöåö [ÇáúÃóäúÚóÇã: 99] áöÃóäøó ÇáúãóÞúÕõæÏó ãöäó ÇáúÂíóÉö ÇáúÃõæáóì ÇáöÇÓúÊöÏúáóÇáõ Úóáóì Ãóäøóåõ ÇáÕøóÇäöÚõ¡ æóÃóäøóåõ ÇáúãõäúÝóÑöÏõ ÈöÇáúÎóáúÞö¡ ÝóßóíúÝó íõÔúÑößõæäó Èöåö ÛóíúÑóåõ. æóáöÐóáößó ÐóíøóáóåóÇ ÈöÞóæúáöåö: Åöäøó Ýöí Ðáößõãú áóÂíÇÊò áöÞóæúãò íõÄúãöäõæäó [ÇáúÃóäúÚóÇã: 99] ¡ æóÚóØóÝó ÚóáóíúåóÇ Þóæúáóåõ: æóÌóÚóáõæÇ áöáøóåö ÔõÑóßÇÁó ÇáúÌöäøó [ÇáúÃóäúÚóÇã: 100] ÇáúÂíóÇÊö.
æóÇáúãóÞúÕõæÏõ ãöäú åóÐöåö: ÇáöÇãúÊöäóÇäõ æóÅöÈúØóÇáõ ãóÇ íõäóÇÝöí ÇáöÇãúÊöäóÇäó æóáöÐóáößó ÐõíøöáóÊú åóÐöåö ÈöÞóæúáöåö:
ßõáõæÇ ãöäú ËóãóÑöåö ÅöÐÇ ÃóËúãóÑó.
æóÇáúßóáóÇãõ ãõæóÌøóåñ Åöáóì ÇáúãõÄúãöäöíäó æóÇáúãõÔúÑößöíäó¡ áöÃóäøóåõ ÇÚúÊöÈóÇÑñ æóÇãúÊöäóÇäñ¡ æóáöáúãõÄúãöäöíäó ÇáúÍóÙøõ ÇáúÚóÙöíãõ ãöäú Ðóáößó¡ æóáöÐóáößó ÃóÚúÞóÈó ÈöÇáúÃóãúÑö ÈöÃóÏóÇÁö ÍóÞøö Çááøóåö Ýöí Ðóáößó ÈöÞóæúáöåö: æóÂÊõæÇ ÍóÞøóåõ íóæúãó ÍóÕÇÏöåö ÅöÐú áóÇ íóÕúáõÍõ Ðóáößó ÇáúÎöØóÇÈõ áöáúãõÔúÑößöíäó.
æóÊóÚúÑöíÝõ ÇáúãõÓúäóÏö íõÝöíÏõ ÇáöÇÎúÊöÕóÇÕó¡ Ãóíú åõæó ÇáøóÐöí ÃóäúÔóÃó áóÇ ÛóíúÑõåõ¡ æóÇáúãóÞúÕõæÏõ ãöäú åóÐóÇ ÇáúÍóÕúÑö ÅöÈúØóÇáõ Ãóäú íóßõæäó áöÛóíúÑöåö ÍóÙøñ ÝöíåóÇ¡ áöÅöÈúØóÇáö ãóÇ ÌóÚóáõæåõ ãöäó ÇáúÍóÑúËö æóÇáúÃóäúÚóÇãö ãä äÕíÈ ÃäÕÇÈåã ãóÚó Ãóäøó Çááøóåó ÃóäúÔóÃóåõ.
æóÇáúÅöäúÔóÇÁõ: ÇáúÅöíÌóÇÏõ æóÇáúÎóáúÞõ¡ ÞóÇáó ÊóÚóÇáóì: ÅöäøóÇ ÃóäúÔóÃúäÇåõäøó ÅöäúÔÇÁð [ÇáúæóÇÞöÚóÉ: 35] Ãóíú äöÓóÇÁó ÇáúÌóäøóÉö.(8-Ã/117)
æóÇáúÌóäøóÇÊõ åöíó ÇáúãóßóÇäõ ãöäó ÇáúÃóÑúÖö ÇáäøóÇÈöÊõ Ýöíåö ÔóÌóÑñ ßóËöíÑñ ÈöÍóíúËõ íóÌöäøõ Ãóíú íóÓúÊõÑõ ÇáúßóÇÆöäó Ýöíåö¡ æóÞóÏú ÊóÞóÏøóãó ÚöäúÏó Þóæúáöåö: ßóãóËóáö ÌóäøóÉò ÈöÑóÈúæóÉò Ýöí ÓõæÑóÉö ÇáúÈóÞóÑóÉö [265] . æóÅöäúÔóÇÄõåóÇ ÅöäúÈóÇÊõåóÇ æóÊóíúÓöíÑõ Ðóáößó ÈöÅöÚúØóÇÆöåóÇ ãóÇ íõÚöíäõåóÇ Úóáóì ÇáäøóãóÇÁö¡ æóÏóÝúÚö ãóÇ íõÝúÓöÏõåóÇ Ãóæú íóÞúØóÚõ äÈÊåÇ¡ ßóÞóæúáöå: ÃóäúÊõãú ÊóÒúÑóÚõæäóåõ Ãóãú äóÍúäõ ÇáÒøóÇÑöÚõæäó [ÇáúæóÇÞöÚóÉ: 64] .
æóÇáúãóÚúÑõæÔóÇÊõ: ÇáúãóÑúÝõæÚóÇÊõ. íõÞóÇáõ: ÚóÑóÔó ÇáúßóÑúãóÉó ÅöÐóÇ ÑóÝóÚóåóÇ Úóáóì ÃóÚúãöÏóÉò áöíóßõæäó äóãóÇÄõåóÇ Ýöí ÇÑúÊöÝóÇÚò áóÇ Úóáóì æóÌúåö ÇáúÃóÑúÖö¡ áöÃóäøó Ðóáößó ÃóÌúæóÏõ áöÚöäóÈöåóÇ ÅöÐú áóãú íóßõäú ãõáúÞðì Úóáóì æóÌúåö
ÇáúÃóÑúÖö. æóÚóÑóÔó ÝöÚúáñ ãõÔúÊóÞøñ ãöäó ÇáúÚóÑúÔö æóåõæó ÇáÓøóÞúÝõ¡ æóíõÞóÇáõ áöáúÃóÚúãöÏóÉö ÇáøóÊöí ÊõÑúÝóÚõ ÝóæúÞóåóÇ ÃóÛúÕóÇäõ ÇáÔøóÌóÑö ÝóÊóÕöíÑõ ßóÇáÓøóÞúÝö íóÓúÊóÙöáøõ ÊóÍúÊóåõ ÇáúÌóÇáöÓõ: ÇáúÚóÑöíÔõ. æóãöäúåõ ãóÇ íõÐúßóÑõ Ýöí ÇáÓøöíÑóÉö:
ÇáúÚóÑöíÔõ ÇáøóÐöí ÌÚá ááäøÈíÁ Õóáøóì Çááåõ Úóáóíúåö æóÓóáøóãó íóæúãó ÈóÏúÑò¡ æóåõæó ÇáøóÐöí Èõäöíó Úóáóì ÈõÞúÚóÊöåö ãóÓúÌöÏñ ÈóÚúÏó Ðóáößó åõæó Çáúíóæúãó ãóæúÌõæÏñ ÈöÈóÏúÑò. æóæóÕúÝõ ÇáúÌóäøóÇÊö ÈöãóÚúÑõæÔóÇÊò ãóÌóÇÒñ ÚóÞúáöíøñ¡ æóÅöäøóãóÇ åöíó ãóÚúÑõæÔñ ÝöíåóÇ¡ æóÇáúãóÚúÑõæÔõ ÃóÔúÌóÇÑõåóÇ. æóÛóíúÑõ ÇáúãóÚúÑõæÔóÇÊö ÇáúãõÈúÞóÇÉö ßõÑõæãõåóÇ ãõäúÈóÓöØóÉð Úóáóì æóÌúåö ÇáúÃóÑúÖö æóÃóÑúÝóÚõ ÈöÞóáöíáò¡ æóãöäú ãóÍóÇÓöäöåóÇ ÃóäøóåóÇ ÊõÒóíøöäõ æóÌúåó ÇáúÃóÑúÖö ÝóíóÑóì ÇáÑøóÇÆöí ÌóãöíÚóåóÇ ÃóÎúÖóÑó.
æóÞóæúáõåõ: ãóÚúÑõæÔÇÊò æóÛóíúÑó ãóÚúÑõæÔÇÊò ÕöÝóÉñ: áö ÌóäøóÇÊò ÞõÕöÏó ãöäúåóÇ ÊóÍúÓöíäõ ÇáúãóæúÕõæÝö æóÇáÊøóÐúßöíÑõ ÈöäöÚúãóÉö Çááøóåö Ãóäú Ãóáúåóãó ÇáúÅöäúÓóÇäó Åöáóì ÌóÚúáöåóÇ Úóáóì ÕöÝóÊóíúäö¡ ÝóÅöäøó ÐößúÑó ãóÍóÇÓöäö ãóÇ ÃóäúÔóÃóåõ Çááøóåõ íóÒöíÏõ Ýöí ÇáúãöäøóÉö¡ ßóÞóæúáöåö Ýöí ÔóÃúäö ÇáúÃóäúÚóÇãö æóáóßõãú ÝöíåÇ ÌóãÇáñ Íöíäó ÊõÑöíÍõæäó æóÍöíäó ÊóÓúÑóÍõæäó [ÇáäøóÍúá: 6] .
æãõÎúÊóáöÝÇð Ãõßõáõåõ ÍóÇáñ ãöäó ÇáÒøóÑúÚö¡ æóåõæó ÃóÞúÑóÈõ ÇáúãóÐúßõæÑóÇÊö Åöáóì ÇÓúãö ÇáúÍóÇáö¡ æóíõÚúáóãõ Ãóäøó ÇáäøóÎúáó æóÇáúÌóäøóÇÊö ßóÐóáößó¡ æóÇáúãóÞúÕõæÏõ ÇáÊøóÐúßöíÑõ ÈöÚóÌöíÈö ÎóáúÞö Çááøóåö¡ ÝóíõÝöíÏõ ÐößúÑõ ÇáúÍóÇáö ãóÚó ÃóÍóÏö ÇáúÃóäúæóÇÚö ÊóÐóßøõÑó ãöËúáöåö Ýöí ÇáäøóæúÚö ÇáúÂÎóÑö¡ æóåóÐóÇ ßóÞóæúáöåö ÊóÚóÇáóì: æóÅöÐÇ ÑóÃóæúÇ ÊöÌÇÑóÉð Ãóæú áóåúæÇð ÇäúÝóÖøõæÇ ÅöáóíúåÇ [ÇáúÌõãõÚóÉ: 11] Ãóíú æóÅöáóíúåö¡(8-Ã/118)
æóåöíó ÍóÇáñ ãõÞóÏøóÑóÉñ Úóáóì ÙóÇåöÑö Þóæúáö ÇáäøÍæííä áÃäøåÇ ãõÓúÊóÞúÈáóÉ Úóäö ÇáúÅöäúÔóÇÁö¡ æóÚöäúÏöí Ãóäøó ÚóÇãöáó ÇáúÍóÇáö ÅöÐóÇ ßóÇäó ãöãøóÇ íóÍúÕõáõ ãóÚúäóÇåõ Ýöí ÃóÒúãöäóÉò¡ æóßóÇäóÊö ÇáúÍóÇáõ ãõÞóÇÑöäóÉð áöÈóÚúÖö ÃóÒúãöäóÉö ÚóÇãöáöåóÇ¡ Ýóåöíó ÌóÏöíÑóÉñ ÈóÃóäú Êóßõæäõ ãõÞóÇÑöäóÉð¡ ßóãóÇ åõäóÇ.
(æóÇáúÃõßúáõ) - ÈöÖóãøö ÇáúåóãúÒóÉö æóÓõßõæäö ÇáúßóÇÝö- áöäóÇÝöÚò æóÇÈúäö ßóËöíÑò¡ æóÈöÖóãøöåöãóÇ- ÞóÑóÃóåõ ÇáúÈóÇÞõæäó¡ åõæó ÇáÔøóíúÁõ ÇáøóÐöí íõÄúßóáõ¡ Ãóíú ãõÎúÊóáöÝðÇ ãóÇ íõÄúßóáõ ãöäúåõ.
æóÚõØöÝó: æóÇáÒøóíúÊõæäó æóÇáÑøõãøóÇäó Úóáóì: ÌóäøóÇÊò ... æóÇáäøóÎúáó æóÇáÒøóÑúÚó. æóÇáúãõÑóÇÏõ ÔóÌóÑõ ÇáÒøóíúÊõæäö æóÔóÌóÑõ ÇáÑøõãøóÇäö. æóÊóÞóÏøóãó ÇáúÞóæúáõ Ýöí äóÙöíÑöåö ÚöäúÏó Þóæúáöåö ÊóÚóÇáóì: æóåõæó ÇáøóÐöí ÃóäúÒóáó ãöäó ÇáÓøóãÇÁö ãóÇÁð ÇáúÂíóÉó Ýöí åóÐöåö ÇáÓøõæÑóÉö [99] .
ÅöáøóÇ Ãóäøóåõ ÞóÇáó åõäóÇßó: ãõÔúÊóÈöåÇð [ÇáúÃóäúÚóÇã: 99] æóÞóÇáó åõäóÇ: ãõÊóÔÇÈöåÇð æóåõãóÇ ÈöãóÚúäðì æóÇÍöÏò áöÃóäøó ÇáÊøóÔóÇÈõåó ÍóÇÕöáñ ãöäú ÌóÇäöÈóíúäö ÝóáóíúÓóÊú ÕöíÛóÉõ ÇáÊøóÝóÇÚõáö áöáúãõÈóÇáóÛóÉö ÃóáóÇ ÊóÑóì ÃóäøóåõãóÇ ÇÓúÊóæóíóÇ Ýöí Þóæúáöåö: æóÛóíúÑó ãõÊóÔÇÈöåò Ýöí ÇáúÂíóÊóíúäö.
ßõáõæÇ ãöäú ËóãóÑöåö ÅöÐÇ ÃóËúãóÑó æóÂÊõæÇ ÍóÞøóåõ íóæúãó ÍóÕÇÏöåö æóáÇ ÊõÓúÑöÝõæÇ Åöäøóåõ áóÇ íõÍöÈøõ ÇáúãõÓúÑöÝöíäó.
ÛóíøóÑó ÃõÓúáõæÈó ÇáúÍößóÇíóÉö Úóäú ÃóÍúæóÇáö ÇáúãõÔúÑößöíäó ÝóÃóÞúÈóáó Úóáóì ÎöØóÇÈö ÇáúãõÄúãöäöíäó ÈöåóÐöåö ÇáúãöäøóÉö æóåóÐóÇ ÇáúÍõßúãö ÝóåóÐöåö ÇáúÌõãóáõ ãõÚúÊóÑöÖóÉñ æóåöíó ÊóÚúÑöíÖñ ÈöÊóÓúÝöíåö ÃóÍúáóÇãö ÇáúãõÔúÑößöíäó áöÊóÍúÑöíãöåöãú Úóáóì ÃóäúÝõÓöåöãú ãóÇ ãóäøó Çááøóåõ Èöåö Úóáóíúåöãú.
æóÇáËøóãóÑõ:- ÈöÝóÊúÍö ÇáËøóÇÁö æóÇáúãöíã- æÈÖãøåãÇ- æÞÑìÁ ÈöåöãóÇ ßóãóÇ ÊóÞóÏøóãó ÈóíóÇäõåõ Ýöí äóÙöíÑóÊöåóÇ.
æóÇáúÃóãúÑõ áöáúÅöÈóÇÍóÉö ÈöÞóÑöíäóÉö Ãóäøó ÇáúÃóßúáó ãöäú ÍóÞøö ÇáúÅöäúÓóÇäö ÇáøóÐöí áóÇ íóÌöÈõ Úóáóíúåö(8-Ã/119)
Ãóäú íóÝúÚóáóåõ¡ ÝóÇáúÞóÑöíäóÉõ ÙóÇåöÑóÉñ. æóÇáúãóÞúÕõæÏõ ÇáÑøóÏøõ Úóáóì ÇáøóÐöíäó ÍóÌóÑõæÇ Úóáóì ÃóäúÝõÓöåöãú ÈóÚúÖó ÇáúÍóÑúËö.
æÅöÐÇ ãõÝöíÏóÉñ áöáÊøóæúÞöíÊö áöÃóäøóåóÇ ÙóÑúÝñ¡ Ãóíú: Íöíäó ÅöËúãóÇÑöåö¡ æóÇáúãóÞúÕõæÏõ ãöäó ÇáÊøóÞúíöíÏö ÈöåóÐóÇ ÇáÙøóÑúÝö ÅöÈóÇÍóÉõ ÇáúÃóßúáö ãöäúåõ ÚöäúÏó ÙõåõæÑöåö æóÞóÈúáó ÍóÕóÇÏöåö ÊóãúåöíÏðÇ áöÞóæúáöåö: æóÂÊõæÇ ÍóÞøóåõ íóæúãó ÍóÕÇÏöåö Ãóíú: ßõáõæÇ ãöäúåõ ÞóÈúáó ÃóÏóÇÁö ÍóÞøöåö. æóåóÐöåö ÑõÎúÕóÉñ æóãöäøóÉñ¡ áöÃóäøó ÇáúÚóÒöíãóÉó Ãóäú áóÇ íóÃúßõáõæÇ ÅöáøóÇ ÈóÚúÏó ÅöÚúØóÇÁö ÍóÞøöåö ßóíúáóÇ íóÓúÊóÃúËöÑõæÇ ÈöÔóíúÁò ãöäúåõ Úóáóì ÃóÕúÍóÇÈö ÇáúÍóÞøö¡ ÅáøÇ Ãäø Çááå ÑóÎøóÕó áöáäøóÇÓö Ýöí ÇáúÃóßúáö ÊóæúÓöÚóÉð Úóáóíúåöãú Ãóäú íóÃúßõáõæÇ ãöäúåõ ÃóÎúÖóÑó ÞóÈúáó íõÈúÓöåö áöÃóäøóåõãú íóÓúÊóØöíÈõæäóåõ ßóÐóáößó¡ æóáöÐóáößó ÚóÞøóÈóåõ ÈöÞóæúáöåö:
æóáÇ ÊõÓúÑöÝõæÇ ßóãóÇ ÓóíóÃúÊöí.
æóÅöÝúÑóÇÏõ ÇáÖøóãöíÑóíúäö Ýöí Þóæúáöåö: ãöäú ËóãóÑöåö ÅöÐÇ ÃóËúãóÑó Úóáóì ÇÚúÊöÈóÇÑö ÊóÃúæöíáö ÇáúãõÚóÇÏö ÈöÇáúãóÐúßõæÑö.
æóÇáúÃóãúÑõ Ýöí Þóæúáöåö: æóÂÊõæÇ ÍóÞøóåõ íóæúãó ÍóÕÇÏöåö ÎöØóÇÈñ ÎóÇÕøñ ÈöÇáúãõÄúãöäöíäó ßóãóÇ ÊóÞóÏøóãó. æóåóÐóÇ ÇáúÃóãúÑõ ÙóÇåöÑñ Ýöí ÇáúæõÌõæÈö ÈöÞóÑöíäóÉö ÊóÓúãöíóÉö ÇáúãóÃúãõæÑö Èöåö ÍóÞøðÇ. æóÃõÖöíÝó ÇáúÍóÞøõ Åöáóì ÖóãöíÑö ÇáúãóÐúßõæÑö áöÃóÏúäóì ãõáóÇÈóÓóÉò¡ Ãóíö ÇáúÍóÞøõ ÇáúßóÇÆöäõ Ýöíåö.
æóÞóÏú ÃõÌúãöáó ÇáúÍóÞøõ ÇÚúÊöãóÇÏðÇ Úóáóì ãóÇ íóÚúÑöÝõæäóåõ¡ æóåõæó: ÍóÞøõ ÇáúÝóÞöíÑö¡ æóÇáúÞõÑúÈóì¡ æóÇáÖøõÚóÝóÇÁö¡ æóÇáúÌöíÑóÉö. ÝóÞóÏú ßóÇäó ÇáúÚóÑóÈõ¡ ÅöÐóÇ ÌóÐøõæÇ ËöãóÇÑóåõãú¡ ÃóÚúØõæÇ ãöäúåóÇ ãóäú íóÍúÖõÑõ ãöäó ÇáúãóÓóÇßöíäö æóÇáúÞóÑóÇÈóÉö. æóÞóÏú ÃóÔóÇÑó Åöáóì Ðóáößó Þóæúáõåõ ÊóÚóÇáóì: ÝóÇäúØóáóÞõæÇ æóåõãú íóÊóÎÇÝóÊõæäó Ãóäú áóÇ íóÏúÎõáóäøóåóÇ Çáúíóæúãó Úóáóíúßõãú ãöÓúßöíäñ [ÇáúÞóáóã: 23¡ 24] . ÝóáóãøóÇ ÌóÇÁó ÇáúÅöÓúáóÇãõ ÃóæúÌóÈó Úóáóì ÇáúãõÓúáöãöíäó åóÐóÇ ÇáúÍóÞøó æóÓóãøóÇåõ ÍóÞøðÇ ßóãóÇ Ýöí Þóæúáöåö ÊóÚóÇáóì: æóÇáøóÐöíäó Ýöí ÃóãúæÇáöåöãú ÍóÞøñ ãóÚúáõæãñ áöáÓøóÇÆöáö æóÇáúãóÍúÑõæãö [ÇáãÚÇÑÌ: 24¡ 25] ¡ æóÓóãøóÇåõ Çááøóåõ ÒóßóÇÉð Ýöí ÂíóÇÊò ßóËöíÑóÉò æóáóßöäøóåõ ÃóÌúãóáó ãöÞúÏóÇÑóåõ æóÃóÌúãóáó ÇáúÃóäúæóÇÚó ÇáøóÊöí ÝöíåóÇ ÇáúÍóÞøõ æóæóßóáóåõãú Ýöí Ðóáößó Åöáóì ÍöÑúÕöåöãú Úóáóì ÇáúÎóíúÑö¡ æóßóÇäó åóÐóÇ ÞóÈúáó ÔóÑúÚö äõÕõÈöåóÇ æóãóÞóÇÏöíÑöåóÇ. Ëõãøó ÔõÑöÚóÊö ÇáÒøóßóÇÉõ æóÈóíøóäóÊö ÇáÓøõäøóÉõ äõÕõÈóåóÇ æóãóÞóÇÏöíÑóåóÇ.(8-Ã/120)
æóÇáúÍóÕóÇÏõ- ÈößóÓúÑö ÇáúÍóÇÁö æóÈöÝóÊúÍöåóÇ- ÞóØúÚõ ÇáËøóãóÑö æóÇáúÍóÈøö ãöäú ÃõÕõæáöåö¡ æóåõæó ãóÕúÏóÑñ Úóáóì æóÒúäö ÇáúÝöÚóÇáö Ãóæö ÇáúÝóÚóÇáö. ÞóÇáó ÓöíÈóæóíúåö «ÌóÇÁõæÇ ÈöÇáúãóÕóÇÏöÑö Íöíäó ÃóÑóÇÏõæÇ ÇäúÊöåóÇÁó ÇáÒøóãóÇäö Úóáóì ãöËóÇáö
ÝöÚóÇáò æóÐóáößó ÇáÕøöÑóÇãõ æóÇáúÌöÒóÇÒõ æóÇáúÌöÏóÇÏõ æóÇáúÞöØóÇÚõ æóÇáúÍöÕóÇÏõ¡ æóÑõÈøóãóÇ ÏóÎóáóÊö ÇááøõÛóÉõ Ýöí ÈóÚúÖö åóÐóÇ (Ãóíö ÇÎúÊóáóÝóÊö ÇááøõÛóÇÊõ ÝóÞóÇáó ÈóÚúÖõ ÇáúÞóÈóÇÆöáö ÍóÕóÇÏñ- ÈöÝóÊúÍö ÇáúÍóÇÁö- æóÞóÇáó ÈóÚúÖõåõãú ÍöÕóÇÏñ- ÈößóÓúÑö ÇáúÍóÇÁö-) ÝóßóÇäó Ýöíåö ÝöÚóÇáñ æóÝóÚóÇáñ ÝóÅöÐóÇ ÃóÑóÇÏõæÇ ÇáúÝöÚúáó Úóáóì ÝóÚóáúÊó ÞóÇáõæÇ ÍóÕóÏúÊõåõ ÍóÕúÏðÇ æóÞóØóÚúÊõåõ ÞóØúÚðÇ ÅöäøóãóÇ ÊõÑöíÏõ ÇáúÚóãóáó áóÇ ÇäúÊöåóÇÁó ÇáúÛóÇíóÉö» .
æóÞóÑóÃóåõ äóÇÝöÚñ¡ æóÇÈúäõ ßóËöíÑò¡ æóÍóãúÒóÉõ¡ æóÇáúßöÓóÇÆöíøõ¡ æóÃóÈõæ ÌóÚúÝóÑò¡ æóÎóáóÝñ- ÈößóÓúÑö ÇáúÍóÇÁö-.
æóÞóÑóÃó ÃóÈõæ ÚóãúÑòæ¡ æóÚóÇÕöãñ¡ æóÇÈúäõ ÚóÇãöÑò¡ æóíóÚúÞõæÈõ- ÈöÝóÊúÍö ÇáúÍóÇÁö-.
æóÞóÏú ÝõÑöÖóÊö ÇáÒøóßóÇÉõ Ýöí ÇÈúÊöÏóÇÁö ÇáúÅöÓúáóÇãö ãóÚó ÝóÑúÖö ÇáÕøóáóÇÉö¡ Ãóæú ÈóÚúÏóåõ ÈöÞóáöíáò¡ áöÃóäøó ÇÝúÊöÑóÇÖóåóÇ ÖóÑõæÑöíøñ áöÅöÞóÇãóÉö ÃóæóÏö ÇáúÝõÞóÑóÇÁö ãöäó ÇáúãõÓóáöãöíäó æóåõãú ßóËöíÑõæäó Ýöí ÕóÏúÑö ÇáúÅöÓúáóÇãö¡ áöÃóäøó ÇáøóÐöíäó ÃóÓúáóãõæÇ ÞóÏú äóÈóÐóåõãú Ãóåúáõæåõãú æóãóæóÇáöíåöãú¡ æóÌóÍóÏõæÇ ÍõÞõæÞóåõãú¡ æóÇÓúÊóÈóÇÍõæÇ ÃóãúæóÇáóåõãú¡ ÝóßóÇäó ãöäó ÇáÖøóÑõæÑöíøö Ãóäú íóÓõÏøó Ãóåúáõ ÇáúÌöÏóÉö æóÇáúÞõæøóÉö ãöäó ÇáúãõÓúáöãöíäó ÎóáøóÊóåõãú. æóÞóÏú ÌóÇÁó ÐößúÑõ ÇáÒøóßóÇÉö Ýöí ÂíóÇÊò ßóËöíÑóÉò ãöãøóÇ äóÒóáó ÈöãóßøóÉó ãöËúáõ ÓõæÑóÉö ÇáúãõÒøóãøöáö æóÓõæÑóÉö ÇáúÈóíøöäóÉö æóåöíó ãöäú ÃóæóÇÆöáö ÓõæóÑö ÇáúÞõÑúÂäö¡ ÝóÇáÒøóßóÇÉõ ÞóÑöíäóÉõ ÇáÕøóáóÇÉö. æóÞóæúáõ ÈóÚúÖö ÇáúãõÝóÓøöÑöíäó: ÇáÒøóßóÇÉõ ÝõÑöÖóÊú ÈöÇáúãóÏöíäóÉö¡ íóÍúãöáõ Úóáóì ÖóÈúØö ãóÞóÇÏöíÑöåóÇ ÈöÂíóÉö ÎõÐú ãöäú ÃóãúæÇáöåöãú ÕóÏóÞóÉð ÊõØóåøöÑõåõãú æóÊõÒóßøöíåöãú ÈöåÇ [ÇáÊøóæúÈóÉ: 103] æóåöíó ãóÏóäöíøóÉñ¡ Ëõãøó ÊóØóÑøóÞõæÇ ÝóãóäóÚõæÇ Ãóäú íóßõæäó ÇáúãõÑóÇÏõ ÈöÇáúÍóÞøö åõäóÇ ÇáÒøóßóÇÉó¡ áÃäø åóÐöå ÇáÓøæÑÉ ãóßøöíøóÉñ ÈöÇáöÇÊøöÝóÇÞö¡ æóÅöäøóãóÇ Êöáúßó ÇáúÂíóÉõ ãõÄóßøöÏóÉñ áöáúæõÌõæÈö ÈóÚúÏó ÇáúÍõáõæáö ÈöÇáúãóÏöíäóÉö¡ æóáöÃóäøó ÇáúãõÑóÇÏó ãöäúåóÇ ÃóÎúÐõåóÇ ãöäó ÇáúãõäóÇÝöÞöíäó ÃóíúÖðÇ¡ æóÅöäøóãóÇ ÖõÈöØóÊö ÇáÒøóßóÇÉõ. ÈöÈóíóÇäö ÇáúÃóäúæóÇÚö ÇáúãõÒóßøóÇÉö æóãöÞúÏóÇÑö ÇáäøõÕõÈö æóÇáúãõÎúÑóÌö ãöäúåõ¡ ÈöÇáúãóÏöíäóÉö¡ ÝóáóÇ íõäóÇÝöí Ðóáößó Ãóäøó ÃóÕúáó æõÌõæÈöåóÇ Ýöí ãóßøóÉó¡ æóÞóÏú ÍóãóáóåóÇ ãóÇáößñ Úóáóì ÇáÒøóßóÇÉö ÇáúãõÚóíøóäóÉö ÇáúãóÖúÈõæØóÉö Ýöí ÑöæóÇíóÉö ÇÈúäö ÇáúÞóÇÓöãö(8-Ã/121)
æóÇÈúäö æóåúÈò Úóäúåõ æóåõæó Þóæúáõ ÇÈúäö ÚóÈøóÇÓò¡ æóÃóäóÓö Èúäö ãóÇáößò¡ æóÓóÚöíÏö Èúäö ÇáúãõÓóíøöÈö¡ æóÌóãúÚò ãöäó ÇáÊøóÇÈöÚöíäó ßóËöíÑò. æóáóÚóáøóåõãú íóÑóæúäó ÇáÒøóßóÇÉó ÝõÑöÖóÊö ÇÈúÊöÏóÇÁð ÈöÊóÚúíöíäö ÇáäøõÕõÈö æóÇáúãóÞóÇÏöíÑö¡ æóÍóãóáóåóÇ ÇÈúäõ ÚõãóÑó¡ æóÇÈúäõ ÇáúÍóäóÝöíøóÉö¡ æóÚóáöíøõ Èúäõ ÇáúÍõÓóíúäö¡ æóÚóØóÇÁñ¡ æóÍóãøóÇÏñ¡ æóÇÈúäõ ÌõÈóíúÑò¡ æóãõÌóÇåöÏñ¡ Úóáóì ÛóíúÑö ÇáÒøóßóÇÉö æóÌóÚóáõæÇ ÇáúÃóãúÑó áöáäøóÏúÈö¡ æóÍóãóáóåóÇ ÇáÓøõÏøöíøõ¡ æóÇáúÍóÓóäõ¡ æóÚóØöíøóÉõ ÇáúÚóæúÝöíøõ¡ æóÇáäøóÎóÚöíøõ¡ æóÓóÚöíÏõ Èúäõ ÌõÈóíúÑò¡ Ýöí ÑöæóÇíóÉò Úóäúåõ¡ Úóáóì ÕóÏóÞóÉò æóÇÌöÈóÉò Ëõãøó äóÓóÎóÊúåóÇ ÇáÒøóßóÇÉõ.
æóÅöäøóãóÇ ÃóæúÌóÈó Çááøóåõ ÇáúÍóÞøó Ýöí ÇáËøöãóÇÑö æóÇáúÍóÈøö íóæúãó ÇáúÍóÕóÇÏö: áöÃóäøó ÇáúÍóÕóÇÏó ÅöäøóãóÇ íõÑóÇÏõ áöáöÇÏøöÎóÇÑö æóÅöäøóãóÇ íóÏøóÎöÑõ ÇáúãóÑúÁõ ãóÇ íõÑöíÏõåõ áöáúÞõæÊö¡ ÝóÇáöÇÏøöÎóÇÑõ åõæó ãóÙöäøóÉõ ÇáúÛöäóì ÇáúãõæÌöÈóÉö áöÅöÚúØóÇÁö ÇáÒøóßóÇÉö¡ æóÇáúÍóÕóÇÏõ ãóÈúÏóÃõ Êöáúßó ÇáúãóÙöäøóÉö¡ ÝóÇáøóÐöí áóíúÓóÊú áóåõ ÅöáøóÇ ÔóÌóÑóÉñ Ãóæú ÔóÌóÑóÊóÇäö ÝóÅöäøóãóÇ íóÃúßõáõ ËóãóÑóåóÇ ãóÎúÖõæÑðÇ ÞóÈúáó Ãóäú íóíúÈóÓó¡ ÝóáöÐóáößó ÑóÎøóÕóÊö ÇáÔøóÑöíÚóÉõ áöÕóÇÍöÈö ÇáËøóãóÑóÉö Ãóäú íóÃúßõáó ãöäó ÇáËøóãóÑö ÅöÐóÇ ÃóËúãóÑó¡ æóáóãú ÊõæÌöÈú Úóáóíúåö ÅöÚúØóÇÁó ÍóÞøö ÇáúÝõÞóÑóÇÁö ÅöáøóÇ ÚöäúÏó ÇáúÍóÕóÇÏö. Ëõãøó Åöäøó ÍóÕóÇÏó ÇáËøöãóÇÑö¡ æóåõæó
ÌõÐóÇÐõåóÇ¡ åõæó ÞóØúÚõåóÇ áöÇÏøöÎóÇÑöåóÇ¡ æóÃóãøóÇ ÍóÕóÇÏõ ÇáÒøóÑúÚö Ýóåõæó ÞóØúÚõ ÇáÓøõäúÈõáö ãöäú ÌõÐõæÑö ÇáÒøóÑúÚö Ëõãøó íõÝúÑóßõ ÇáúÍóÈøõ ÇáøóÐöí Ýöí ÇáÓøõäúÈõáö áöíõÏøóÎóÑó¡ ÝóÇÚúÊõÈöÑó Ðóáößó ÇáúÝóÑúßõ ÈóÞöíøóÉð áöáúÍóÕóÇÏö. æóíóÙúåóÑõ ãöäú åóÐóÇ Ãóäøó ÇáúÍóÞøó ÅöäøóãóÇ æóÌóÈó ÝöíãóÇ íõÍúÕóÏõ ãöäó ÇáúãóÐúßõæÑóÇÊö ãöËúáõ ÇáÒøóÈöíÈö æóÇáÊøóãúÑö æóÇáÒøóÑúÚö æóÇáÒøóíúÊõæäö¡ ãöäú ÒóíúÊöåö Ãóæú ãöäú ÍóÈøöåö¡ ÈöÎöáóÇÝö ÇáÑøõãøóÇäö æóÇáúÝóæóÇßöåö.
æóÚóáóì ÇáúÞóæúáö ÇáúãõÎúÊóÇÑö: ÝóåóÐöåö ÇáúÂíóÉõ ÛóíúÑõ ãóäúÓõæÎóÉò¡ æóáóßöäøóåóÇ ãõÎóÕøóÕóÉñ æóãõÈóíøóäóÉñ ÈöÂíóÇÊò ÃõÎúÑóì æóÈöãóÇ íÈíøäå ÇáäøÈíÁ Õóáøóì Çááåõ Úóáóíúåö æóÓóáøóãó¡ ÝóáóÇ íõÊóÚóáøóÞõ ÈöÅöØúáóÇÞöåóÇ¡ æóÚóäö ÇáÓøõÏøöíøö ÃóäøóåóÇ äõÓöÎóÊú ÈöÂíóÉö ÇáÒøóßóÇÉö íóÚúäöí:
ÎõÐú ãöäú ÃóãúæÇáöåöãú ÕóÏóÞóÉð [ÇáÊøóæúÈóÉ: 103] æóÞóÏú ßóÇäó ÇáúãõÊóÞóÏøöãõæäó íõÓóãøõæäó ÇáÊøóÎúÕöíÕó äóÓúÎðÇ.
æóÞóæúáõåõ: æóáÇ ÊõÓúÑöÝõæÇ ÚóØúÝñ Úóáóì ßõáõæÇ¡ Ãóíú: ßõáõæÇ ÛóíúÑó ãõÓúÑöÝöíäó. æóÇáúÅöÓúÑóÇÝõ æóÇáÓøóÑóÝõ: ÊóÌóÇæõÒõ ÇáúßóÇÝöí ãöäú ÅöÑúÖóÇÁö ÇáäøóÝúÓö ÈöÇáÔøóíúÁö ÇáúãõÔúÊóåóì. æóÊóÞóÏøóãó(8-Ã/122)
ÚöäúÏó Þóæúáöåö ÊóÚóÇáóì: æóáÇ ÊóÃúßõáõæåÇ ÅöÓúÑÇÝÇð Ýöí ÓõæÑóÉö ÇáäøöÓóÇÁö [6] . æóåóÐóÇ ÅöÏúãóÇÌñ áöáäøóåúíö Úóäö ÇáúÅöÓúÑóÇÝö¡ æóåõæó äóåúíõ ÅöÑúÔóÇÏò æóÅöÕúáóÇÍò¡ Ãóíú: áóÇ ÊõÓúÑöÝõæÇ Ýöí ÇáúÃóßúáö æóåóÐóÇ ßóÞóæúáöåö: æóßõáõæÇ æóÇÔúÑóÈõæÇ æóáÇ ÊõÓúÑöÝõæÇ [ÇáúÃóÚúÑóÇÝ:
31] . æóÇáúÅöÓúÑóÇÝõ ÅöÐóÇ ÇÚúÊóÇÏóåõ ÇáúãóÑúÁõ Íóãóáóåõ Úóáóì ÇáÊøóæóÓøõÚö Ýöí ÊóÍúÕöíáö ÇáúãóÑúÛõæÈóÇÊö¡ ÝóíóÑúÊóßöÈõ áöÐóáößó ãóÐóãøóÇÊò ßóËöíÑóÉð¡ æóíóäúÊóÞöáõ ãöäú ãóáóÐøóÉò Åöáóì ãóáóÐøóÉò ÝóáóÇ íóÞöÝõ ÚöäúÏó ÍóÏøò.
æóÞöíáó ÚóØúÝñ Úóáóì æóÂÊõæÇ ÍóÞøóåõ Ãóíú æóáóÇ ÊõÓúÑöÝõæÇ ÝöíãóÇ ÈóÞöíó ÈóÚúÏó ÅöÊúíóÇäö ÍóÞøöåö ÝóÊõäúÝöÞõæÇ ÃóßúËóÑó ãöãøóÇ íóÌöÈõ¡ æóåóÐóÇ áóÇ íóßõæäõ ÅöáøóÇ Ýöí ÇáúÅöäúÝóÇÞö æóÇáúÃóßúáö æóäóÍúæöåö¡ ÝóÃóãøóÇ ÈóÐúáõåõ Ýöí ÇáúÎóíúÑö æóäóÝúÚö ÇáäøóÇÓö ÝóáóíúÓó ãöäó ÇáÓøóÑóÝö¡ æóáöÐóáößó íõÚóÏøõ ãöäú ÎóØóÃö ÇáÊøóÝúÓöíÑö: ÊóÝúÓöíÑõåóÇ ÈöÇáäøóåúíö Úóäö ÇáúÅöÓúÑóÇÝö Ýöí ÇáÕøóÏóÞóÉö¡ æóÈöãóÇ ÐóßóÑõæåõ Ãóäøó ËóÇÈöÊó Èúäó ÞóíúÓò ÕóÑøóãó ÎóãúÓóãöÇÆóÉö äóÎúáóÉò æóÝóÑøóÞó ËóãóÑóåóÇ ßõáøóåõ æóáóãú íõÏúÎöáú ãöäúåõ ÔóíúÆðÇ Åöáóì ãóäúÒöáöåö¡ æóÃóäøó ÇáúÂíóÉó äóÒóáóÊú ÈöÓóÈóÈö Ðóáößó.
æóÞóæúáõåõ: Åöäøóåõ áóÇ íõÍöÈøõ ÇáúãõÓúÑöÝöíäó ÇÓúÊöÆúäóÇÝñ ÞõÕöÏó Èöåö ÊóÚúãöíãõ Íõßúãö Çáäøóåúíö Úóäö ÇáúÅöÓúÑóÇÝ.
æÃßøÏ ÈÅä áöÒöíóÇÏóÉö ÊóÞúÑöíÑö ÇáúÍõßúãö¡ ÝóÈóíøóäó Ãóäøó ÇáúÅöÓúÑóÇÝó ãöäó ÇáúÃóÚúãóÇáö ÇáøóÊöí áóÇ íõÍöÈøõåóÇ¡ Ýóåõæó ãöäó ÇáúÃóÎúáóÇÞö ÇáøóÊöí íóáúÒóãõ ÇáöÇäúÊöåóÇÁõ ÚóäúåóÇ¡ æóäóÝúíõ ÇáúãóÍóÈøóÉö ãõÎúÊóáöÝõ ÇáúãóÑóÇÊöÈö¡ ÝóíõÚúáóãõ Ãóäøó äóÝúíó ÇáúãóÍóÈøóÉö íóÔúÊóÏøõ ÈöãöÞúÏóÇÑö ÞõæøóÉö ÇáúÅöÓúÑóÇÝö¡ æóåóÐóÇ Íõßúãñ ãõÌúãóáñ æóåõæó ÙóÇåöÑñ Ýöí ÇáÊøóÍúÑöíãö¡ æóÈóíóÇäõ åóÐóÇ ÇáúÅöÌúãóÇáö åõæó Ýöí ãóØóÇæöí ÃóÏöáøóÉò ÃõÎúÑóì æóÇáúÅöÌúãóÇáõ ãóÞúÕõæÏñ.
æóáöÛõãõæÖö ÊóÃúæöíáö åóÐóÇ Çáäøóåúíö æóÞóæúáöåö: Åöäøóåõ áóÇ íõÍöÈøõ ÇáúãõÓúÑöÝöíäó ÊóÝóÑøóÞóÊú ÂÑóÇÁõ ÇáúãõÝóÓøöÑöíäó Ýöí ÊóÝúÓöíÑö ãóÚúäóì ÇáúÅöÓúÑóÇÝö Çáúãóäúåöíøö Úóäúåõ¡ áöíõÚöíäõæåõ Ýöí ÅöÓúÑóÇÝò ÍóÑóÇãò¡ ÍóÊøóì ÞóÇáó ÈóÚúÖõåõãú: ÅöäøóåóÇ ãóäúÓõæÎóÉñ¡ æóÞóÏú ÚóáöãúÊó ÇáúãõäúÌóì ãöäú Ðóáößó ßõáøöåö.(8-Ã/123)
æóãöäó ÇáúÃóäúÚóÇãö ÍóãõæáóÉð æóÝóÑúÔðÇ ßõáõæÇ ãöãøóÇ ÑóÒóÞóßõãõ Çááøóåõ æóáóÇ ÊóÊøóÈöÚõæÇ ÎõØõæóÇÊö ÇáÔøóíúØóÇäö Åöäøóåõ áóßõãú ÚóÏõæøñ ãõÈöíäñ (142)
ÝóæóÌúåõ ÚóÏóãö ãóÍóÈøóÉö Çááøóåö ÅöíøóÇåõãú Ãóäøó ÇáúÅöÝúÑóÇØó Ýöí ÊóäóÇæõáö ÇááøóÐøóÇÊö æóÇáØøóíøöÈóÇÊö¡ æóÇáúÅößúËóÇÑó ãöäú ÈóÐúáö ÇáúãóÇáö Ýöí ÊóÍúÕöíáöåóÇ¡ íõÝúÖöí ÛóÇáöÈðÇ Åöáóì ÇÓúÊöäúÒóÇÝö ÇáúÃóãúæóÇáö æóÇáÔøóÑóåö Åöáóì ÇáöÇÓúÊößúËóÇÑö ãöäúåóÇ¡ ÝóÅöÐóÇ ÖóÇÞóÊú Úóáóì ÇáúãõÓúÑöÝö ÃóãúæóÇáõåõ ÊóØóáøóÈó ÊóÍúÕöíáó ÇáúãóÇáö ãöäú æõÌõæåò ÝóÇÓöÏóÉò¡ áöíõÎúãöÏó ÈöÐóáößó äóåúãóÊóåõ Åöáóì ÇááøóÐøóÇÊö¡ Ýóíóßõæäõ Ðóáößó ÏóÃúÈóåõ¡ ÝóÑõÈøóãóÇ ÖóÇÞó Úóáóíúåö ãóÇáõåõ¡ ÝóÔóÞøó Úóáóíúåö ÇáúÅöÞúáóÇÚõ Úóäú ãõÚúÊóÇÏöåö¡ ÝóÚóÇÔó Ýöí ßóÑúÈò æóÖóíúÞò¡ æóÑõÈøóãóÇ ÊóØóáøóÈó ÇáúãóÇáó ãöäú æõÌõæåò ÛóíúÑö ãóÔúÑõæÚóÉò¡ ÝóæóÞóÚó ÝöíãóÇ íõÄóÇÎóÐõ Úóáóíúåö Ýöí ÇáÏøõäúíóÇ Ãóæú Ýöí ÇáúÂÎöÑóÉö¡ Ëõãøó Åöäøó Ðóáößó ÞóÏú íõÚúÞöÈõ ÚöíóÇáóåõ ÎóÕóÇÕóÉð æóÖóäúßó ãóÚöíÔóÉò. æóíóäúÔóÃõ Úóäú Ðóáößó ãóáóÇãñ æóÊóæúÈöíÎñ æóÎõÕõæãóÇÊñ ÊõÝúÖöí Åöáóì ãóÇ áóÇ íõÍúãóÏõ Ýöí ÇÎúÊöáóÇáö äöÙóÇãö ÇáúÚóÇÆöáóÉö. ÝóÃóãøóÇ ßóËúÑóÉõ ÇáúÅöäúÝóÇÞö Ýöí æõÌõæåö ÇáúÈöÑøö ÝóÅöäøóåóÇ áóÇ ÊõæÞöÚõ Ýöí ãöËúáö åóÐóÇ¡ áöÃóäøó ÇáúãõäúÝöÞó áóÇ íóÈúáõÛõ ÝöíåóÇ ãóÈúáóÛó ÇáúãõäúÝöÞö áöãóÍóÈøóÉö áóÐøóÇÊöåö¡ áöÃóäøó ÏóÇÚöíó ÇáúÍößúãóÉö ÞóÇÈöáñ áöáÊøóÃóãøõáö æóÇáÊøóÍúÏöíÏö ÈöÎöáóÇÝö ÏóÇÚöí ÇáÔøóåúæóÉö. æóáöÐóáößó Þöíáó Ýöí ÇáúßóáóÇãö ÇáøóÐöí íóÕöÍøõ ØóÑúÏðÇ æóÚóßúÓðÇ: «áóÇ ÎóíúÑó Ýöí ÇáÓøóÑóÝö¡ æóáóÇ ÓóÑóÝó Ýöí ÇáúÎóíúÑö» æóÝöí ãóÚúäóì åóÐöåö ÇáúÂíóÉö Þóæúáõåõ Ýöí ÓõæÑóÉö ÇáúÃóÚúÑóÇÝö [31] : æóßõáõæÇ æóÇÔúÑóÈõæÇ æóáÇ ÊõÓúÑöÝõæÇ Åöäøóåõ áóÇ íõÍöÈøõ ÇáúãõÓúÑöÝöíäó [ÇáúÃóÚúÑóÇÝ: 31]
æóÞóæá ÇáäøÈíÁ Õóáøóì Çááåõ Úóáóíúåö æóÓóáøóãó «æóíóßúÑóåõ áóßõãú Þöíáó æóÞóÇáó æóßóËúÑóÉó ÇáÓøõÄóÇáö æÅÖÇÚÉ ÇáãóÇá»
. [142]
[ÓõæÑóÉ ÇáúÃóäúÚóÇã (6) : ÂíóÉ 142]
æóãöäó ÇáúÃóäúÚÇãö ÍóãõæáóÉð æóÝóÑúÔÇð ßõáõæÇ ãöãøóÇ ÑóÒóÞóßõãõ Çááøóåõ æóáÇ ÊóÊøóÈöÚõæÇ ÎõØõæÇÊö ÇáÔøóíúØÇäö Åöäøóåõ áóßõãú ÚóÏõæøñ ãõÈöíäñ (142)
ÚõØöÝó: ÍóãõæáóÉð Úóáóì: ÌóäøóÇÊò ãóÚúÑõæÔÇÊò [ÇáúÃóäúÚóÇãö: 141] Ãóíú: æóÃóäúÔóÃó ãöäó ÇáúÃóäúÚóÇãö ÍãæáÉ æÝÑÔÇ¡ ÝíäÓÍÈ Úóáóíúåö ÇáúÞÕÑ ÇáøÐí Ýöí ÇáúãóÚúØõæÝ Úóáóíúåö¡ Ãóí åõæó ÇáøÐí ÃäÔà ãä ÇáúÃóäúÚóÇã ÍóãõæáóÉð æóÝóÑúÔðÇ áóÇ ÂáöåóÉó ÇáúãõÔúÑößöíäó¡ ÝóßóÇäó ÇáúãõÔúÑößõæäó ÙóÇáöãöíäó Ýöí ÌóÚúáöåöãú áöáúÃóÕúäóÇãö ÍóÞøðÇ Ýöí ÇáúÃóäúÚóÇãö.
æó (ãöäú) Ýöí Þóæúáöåö: æóãöäó ÇáúÃóäúÚÇãö ÇÈúÊöÏóÇÆöíøóÉñ áöÃóäøó ÇáöÇÈúÊöÏóÇÁó ãóÚúäðì íóÕúáõÍõ(8-Ã/124)
áöáúÍóãõæáóÉö æóáöáúÝóÑúÔö áöÃóäøóåõ ÃóæúÓóÚõ ãóÚóÇäöí (ãöäú) . æóÇáúãóÌúÑõæÑõ: ÅöãøóÇ ãõÊóÚóáøöÞñ È ÃóäúÔóÃó [ÇáúÃóäúÚóÇã: 141] ¡ æóÅöãøóÇ ÍóÇáñ ãöäú ÍóãõæáóÉð ÃóÕúáõåóÇ ÕöÝóÉñ ÝóáóãøóÇ ÞõÏøöãóÊú ÊóÍóæøóáóÊú.
æóÃóíøðÇ ãóÇ ßóÇäó ÝóÊóÞúÏöíãõ ÇáúãóÌúÑõæÑö Úóáóì ÇáúãóÝúÚõæáö ÇáøóÐöí åõæó Ãóæúáóì ÈöÇáÊøóÞúÏöíãö Ýöí ÊóÑúÊöíÈö ÇáúãõÊóÚóáøöÞóÇÊö¡ Ãóæú ÊóÞúÏöíãö ÇáÕøöÝóÉö Úóáóì ÇáúãóæúÕõæÝö¡ áöÞóÕúÏö ÇáöÇåúÊöãóÇãö ÈöÃóãúÑö ÇáúÃóäúÚóÇãö¡ áöÃóäøóåóÇ ÇáúãóÞúÕõæÏõ ÇáúÃóÕúáöíøõ ãöäú ÓöíóÇÞö ÇáúßóáóÇãö¡ æóåõæó ÅöÈúØóÇáõ ÊóÍúÑöíãö ÈóÚúÖöåóÇ¡ æóÅöÈúØóÇáõ ÌóÚúáö äóÕöíÈò ãöäúåóÇ áöáúÃóÕúäóÇãö¡ æóÃóãøóÇ ÇáúÍóãúáõ æóÇáúÝóÑúÔõ ÝóÐóáößó ÇãúÊöäóÇäñ ÃõÏúãöÌó Ýöí ÇáúãóÞúÕõæÏö ÊóæúÝöíÑðÇ áöáúÃóÛúÑóÇÖö¡ æóáöÃóäøó áöáöÇãúÊöäóÇäö
ÈöÐóáößó ÃóËóÑðÇ æóÇÖöÍðÇ Ýöí ÅöÈúØóÇáö ÊóÍúÑöíãö ÈóÚúÖöåóÇ ÇáøóÐöí åõæó ÊóÖúíöíÞñ Ýöí ÇáúãöäøóÉö æóäóÈúÐñ áöáäøöÚúãóÉö¡ æóáöíóÊöãøó ÇáúÅöíÌóÇÒõ ÅöÐú íõÛúäöí Úóäú Ãóäú íóÞõæáó: æóÃóäúÔóÃó áóßõãõ ÇáúÃóäúÚóÇãó æóÃóäúÔóÃó ãöäúåóÇ ÍóãõæáóÉð æóÝóÑúÔðÇ¡ ßóãóÇ ÓóíóÃúÊöí.
æóÇáúÃóäúÚóÇãõ: ÇáúÅöÈöáõ¡ æóÇáúÈóÞóÑõ¡ æóÇáÔøóÇÁõ¡ æóÇáúãóÚúÒõ¡ æóÞóÏú ÊóÞóÏøóãó Ýöí ÕóÏúÑö ÓõæÑóÉö ÇáúÚõÞõæÏö¡ æóÇáúÍóãõæáóÉõ- ÈöÝóÊúÍö ÇáúÍóÇÁö- ãóÇ íõÍúãóáõ Úóáóíúåö ÇáúãóÊóÇÚõ Ãóæö ÇáäøóÇÓõ íõÞóÇáõ: Íóãóáó ÇáúãóÊóÇÚó æóÍóãóáó ÝõáóÇäðÇ¡ ÞóÇáó ÊóÚóÇáóì: ÅöÐÇ ãóÇ ÃóÊóæúßó áöÊóÍúãöáóåõãú [ÇáÊøóæúÈóÉ: 92] æóíóáúÒóãõåóÇ ÇáÊøóÃúäöíËõ¡ æóÇáúÅöÝúÑóÇÏõ ãöËúáõ (ÕóÑõæÑóÉò) áöáøóÐöí áóãú íóÍõÌøó íõÞóÇáõ: ÇãúÑóÃóÉñ ÕóÑõæÑóÉñ æóÑóÌõáñ ÕóÑõæÑóÉñ.
æóÇáúÝóÑúÔõ: ÇÎúÊõáöÝó Ýöí ÊóÝúÓöíÑöåö Ýöí åóÐöåö ÇáúÂíóÉö. ÝóÞöíáó: ÇáúÝóÑúÔõ ãóÇ áóÇ íõØöíÞõ ÇáúÍóãúáó ãöäó ÇáúÅöÈöáö Ãóíú Ýóåõæó íõÑúßóÈõ ßóãóÇ íõÝúÑóÔõ ÇáúÝóÑúÔõ¡ æóåóÐóÇ Þóæúáõ ÇáÑøóÇÛöÈö. æóÞöíáó: ÇáúÝóÑúÔõ ÇáÕøöÛóÇÑõ ãöäó ÇáúÅöÈöáö Ãóæú ãöäó ÇáúÃóäúÚóÇãö ßõáøöåóÇ¡ áöÃóäøóåóÇ ÞóÑöíÈóÉñ ãöäó ÇáúÃóÑúÖö Ýóåöíó ßóÇáúÝóÑúÔö¡ æóÞöíáó: ÇáúÝóÑúÔõ ãóÇ íõÐúÈóÍõ áöÃóäøóåõ íõÝúÑóÔõ Úóáóì ÇáúÃóÑúÖö Íöíäó ÇáÐøóÈúÍö Ãóæú ÈóÚúÏöåö¡ Ãóíú Ýóåõæó ÇáÖøóÃúäõ æóÇáúãóÚúÒõ æóÇáúÈóÞóÑõ áöÃóäøóåóÇ ÊõÐúÈóÍõ.
æóÝöí «ÇááøöÓóÇäö» Úóäú ÃóÈöí ÅöÓúÍóÇÞó: ÃóÌúãóÚó Ãóåúáõ ÇááøõÛóÉö Úóáóì Ãóäøó ÇáúÝóÑúÔó åõæó ÕöÛóÇÑõ ÇáúÅöÈöáö.
ÒóÇÏó Ýöí «ÇáúßóÔøóÇÝö» : «Ãóæö ÇáúÝóÑúÔõ: ãóÇ íõäúÓóÌõ ãöäú æóÈóÑöåö æóÕõæÝöåö æóÔóÚúÑöåö ÇáúÝóÑúÔó» íõÑöíÏõ Ãóäøóåõ ßóãóÇ ÞóÇáó ÊóÚóÇáóì: æóãöäú ÃóÕúæÇÝöåÇ æóÃóæúÈÇÑöåÇ æóÃóÔúÚÇÑöåÇ ÃóËÇËÇð æóãóÊÇÚÇð Åöáì Íöíäò [ÇáäøóÍúá: 80] ¡(8-Ã/125)
æóÞóÇáó: æóÇáúÃóäúÚÇãó ÎóáóÞóåÇ áóßõãú ÝöíåÇ ÏöÝúÁñ æóãóäÇÝöÚõ æóãöäúåÇ ÊóÃúßõáõæäó æóáóßõãú ÝöíåÇ ÌóãÇáñ Íöíäó ÊõÑöíÍõæäó æóÍöíäó ÊóÓúÑóÍõæäó æóÊóÍúãöáõ ÃóËúÞÇáóßõãú [ÇáäøóÍúá: 5- 7] ÇáúÂíóÉó¡ æóáöÃóäøóåõãú ßóÇäõæÇ íóÝúÊóÑöÔõæäó ÌõáõæÏó ÇáúÛóäóãö æóÇáúãóÚúÒö áöáúÌõáõæÓö ÚóáóíúåóÇ.
æóáóÝúÙõ ÝóÑúÔÇð ÕóÇáöÍñ áöåóÐöåö ÇáúãóÚóÇäöí ßõáøöåóÇ¡ æóãóÍóÇãöáõåõ ßõáøõåóÇ ãõäóÇÓöÈóÉñ áöáúãóÞóÇãö¡ ÝóíóäúÈóÛöí Ãóäú Êóßõæäó ãóÞúÕõæÏóÉð ãöäó ÇáúÂíóÉö¡ æóßóÃóäøó áóÝúÙó ÇáúÝóÑúÔö áóÇ íõæóÇÒöäõåõ ÛóíúÑõåõ Ýöí ÌóãúÚö åóÐöåö ÇáúãóÚóÇäöí¡ æóåóÐóÇ ãöäú ÅöÚúÌóÇÒö ÇáúÞõÑúÂäö ãöäú ÌóÇäöÈö ÝóÕóÇÍóÊöåö¡ ÝóÇáúÍóãõæáóÉõ ÇáúÅöÈöáõ ÎóÇÕøóÉð¡ æóÇáúÝóÑúÔõ íóßõæäõ ãöäó ÇáúÅöÈöáö æóÇáúÈóÞóÑö æóÇáúÛóäóãö Úóáóì ÇÎúÊöáóÇÝö ãóÚóÇäöí ÇÓúãö ÇáúÝóÑúÔö ÇáÕøóÇáöÍóÉö áößõáøö äóæúÚò ãóÚó ÖóãöíãóÊöåö Åöáóì ßóáöãóÉö (ãöäó) ÇáÕøóÇáöÍóÉö áöáöÇÈúÊöÏóÇÁö.
ÝóÇáúãóÚúäóì: æóÃóäúÔóÃó ãöäó ÇáúÃóäúÚóÇãö ãóÇ ÊóÍúãöáõæäó Úóáóíúåö æóÊóÑúßóÈõæäóåõ¡ æóåõæó ÇáúÅöÈöáõ ÇáúßóÈöíÑóÉõ æóÇáúÅöÈöáõ ÇáÕøóÛöíÑóÉõ¡ æóãóÇ ÊóÃúßõáõæäóåõ æóåõæó ÇáúÈóÞóÑõ æóÇáúÛóäóãõ¡ æóãóÇ åõæó ÝóÑúÔñ áóßõãú æóåõæó ãóÇ íõÌóÒøõ ãöäúåóÇ¡ æóÌõáõæÏõåóÇ.
æóÞóÏú Úóáöãó ÇáÓøóÇãöÚõ Ãóäøó Çááøóåó áóãøóÇ ÃóäúÔóÃó ÍóãõæáóÉð æóÝóÑúÔðÇ ãöäó ÇáúÃóäúÚóÇãö ÝÞÏ ÃäÔà ÇáúÃóäúÚóÇã ÃóíúÖÇ¡ æóÃæá ãóÇ íÊóÈóÇÏóÑ ááäøÇÓ Íöíä ÐßÑ ÇáúÃóäúÚóÇã Ãóäú íóÊóÐóßøóÑõæÇ Ãóäøóåõãú íóÃúßõáõæäó ãöäúåóÇ¡ ÝóÍóÕóáó ÅöíÌóÇÒñ Ýöí ÇáúßóáóÇãö æóáöÐóáößó ÚóÞøóÈó ÈöÞóæúáöåö: ßõáõæÇ ãöãøóÇ ÑóÒóÞóßõãõ Çááøóåõ.
æóÌõãúáóÉõ: ßõáõæÇ ãöãøóÇ ÑóÒóÞóßõãõ Çááøóåõ ãõÚúÊóÑöÖóÉñ ãöËúáõ ÂíóÉö: ßõáõæÇ ãöäú ËóãóÑöåö ÅöÐÇ ÃóËúãóÑó [ÇáúÃóäúÚóÇã:
141] . æóãõäóÇÓóÈóÉõ ÇáúÃóãúÑö ÈöÇáúÃóßúáö ÈóÚúÏó ÐößúÑö ÇáúÃóäúÚóÇãö: Ãóäøóåõ áóãøóÇ ßóÇäó Þóæúáõåõ: æóÝóÑúÔÇð ÔóíúÆðÇ ãõáóÇÆöãðÇ áöáÐøóÈúÍö¡ ßóãóÇ ÊóÞóÏøóãó¡ ÚóÞøóÈó ÈöÇáúÅöÐúäö ÈöÃóßúáö ãóÇ íóÕúáõÍõ áöáúÃóßúáö ãöäúåóÇ. æóÇÞúÊóÕóÑó Úóáóì ÇáúÃóãúÑö ÈöÇáúÃóßúáö áöÃóäøóåõ ÇáúãóÞúÕõæÏõ ãöäó ÇáÓøöíóÇÞö ÅöÈúØóÇáðÇ áöÊóÍúÑöíãö ãóÇ ÍóÑøóãõæåõ Úóáóì ÃóäúÝõÓöåöãú¡ æóÊóãúåöíÏðÇ áöÞóæúáöåö: æóáÇ ÊóÊøóÈöÚõæÇ ÎõØõæÇÊö ÇáÔøóíúØÇäö ÝóÇáúÃóãúÑõ ÈöÇáúÃóßúáö åõäóÇ ãõÓúÊóÚúãóáñ Ýöí Çáäøóåúíö Úóäú ÖöÏøöåö æóåõæó ÚóÏóãõ ÇáúÃóßúáö ãöäú ÈóÚúÖöåóÇ¡ Ãóíú áóÇ ÊõÍóÑøöãõæÇ ãóÇ ÃõÍöáøó áóßõãú ãöäúåóÇ ÇÊøöÈóÇÚðÇ áöÊóÛúÑöíÑö ÇáÔøóíúØóÇäö ÈöÇáúæóÓúæóÓóÉö áöÒõÚóãóÇÁö ÇáúãõÔúÑößöíäó ÇáøóÐöíäó ÓóäøõæÇ áóåõãú Êöáúßó ÇáÓøõäóäö ÇáúÈóÇØöáóÉö¡ æóáóíúÓó ÇáúãõÑóÇÏõ ÈöÇáúÃóãúÑö ÇáúÅöÈóÇÍóÉó ÝóÞóØú.
æóÚóÏóáó Úóäö ÇáÖøãíÑ ÈöÃóä íóÞõæá: ßõáõæÇ ãöäúåóÇ: Åöáóì ÇáúÅöÊúíóÇäö ÈöÇáúãóæúÕõæáö¡(8-Ã/126)
ËóãóÇäöíóÉó ÃóÒúæóÇÌò ãöäó ÇáÖøóÃúäö ÇËúäóíúäö æóãöäó ÇáúãóÚúÒö ÇËúäóíúäö Þõáú ÂáÐøóßóÑóíúäö ÍóÑøóãó Ãóãö ÇáúÃõäúËóíóíúäö ÃóãøóÇ ÇÔúÊóãóáóÊú Úóáóíúåö ÃóÑúÍóÇãõ ÇáúÃõäúËóíóíúäö äóÈøöÆõæäöí ÈöÚöáúãò Åöäú ßõäúÊõãú ÕóÇÏöÞöíäó (143) æóãöäó ÇáúÅöÈöáö ÇËúäóíúäö æóãöäó ÇáúÈóÞóÑö ÇËúäóíúäö Þõáú ÂáÐøóßóÑóíúäö ÍóÑøóãó Ãóãö ÇáúÃõäúËóíóíúäö ÃóãøóÇ ÇÔúÊóãóáóÊú Úóáóíúåö ÃóÑúÍóÇãõ ÇáúÃõäúËóíóíúäö Ãóãú ßõäúÊõãú ÔõåóÏóÇÁó ÅöÐú æóÕøóÇßõãõ Çááøóåõ ÈöåóÐóÇ Ýóãóäú ÃóÙúáóãõ ãöãøóäö ÇÝúÊóÑóì Úóáóì Çááøóåö ßóÐöÈðÇ áöíõÖöáøó ÇáäøóÇÓó ÈöÛóíúÑö Úöáúãò Åöäøó Çááøóåó áóÇ íóåúÏöí ÇáúÞóæúãó ÇáÙøóÇáöãöíäó (144)
ãöãøóÇ ÑóÒóÞóßõãõ Çááøóåõ áöãóÇ Ýöí ÕöáóÉö ÇáúãóæúÕõæáö ãöäó ÇáúÅöíãóÇÁö Åöáóì ÊóÖúáöíáö ÇáøóÐöíäó ÍóÑøóãõæÇ Úóáóì ÃóäúÝõÓöåöãú¡ Ãóæú Úóáóì ÈóÚúÖöåöãõ¡ ÇáúÃóßúáó ãöäú ÈóÚúÖöåóÇ¡ ÝóÚóØøóáõæÇ Úóáóì ÃóäúÝõÓöåöãú ÈóÚúÖðÇ ãöãøóÇ ÑóÒóÞóåõãõ Çááøóåõ.
æóãóÚúäóì: æóáÇ ÊóÊøóÈöÚõæÇ ÎõØõæÇÊö ÇáÔøóíúØÇäö Çáäøåí Úóä ÔÄæä ÇáÔøöÑúßö ÝóÅöäøó Ãóæøóáó ÎõØõæóÇÊö ÇáÔøóíúØóÇäö Ýöí åóÐóÇ ÇáúÛóÑóÖö åöíó ÊóÓúæöíáõåõ áóåõãú ÊóÍúÑöíãó ÈóÚúÖö ãóÇ ÑóÒóÞóåõãõ Çááøóåõ Úóáóì ÃóäúÝõÓöåöãú.
æóÎõØõæóÇÊõ ÇáÔøóíúØóÇäö ÊóãúËöíáñ¡ æóÞóÏú ÊóÞóÏøóãó ÚöäúÏó Þóæúáöåö ÊóÚóÇáóì: íóÇ ÃóíøõåóÇ ÇáäøóÇÓõ ßõáõæÇ ãöãøóÇ Ýöí ÇáúÃóÑúÖö ÍóáÇáðÇ ØóíøöÈÇð æóáÇ ÊóÊøóÈöÚõæÇ ÎõØõæÇÊö ÇáÔøóíúØÇäö Ýöí ÓõæÑóÉö ÇáúÈóÞóÑóÉö [168] .
æóÌõãúáóÉõ: Åöäøóåõ áóßõãú ÚóÏõæøñ ãõÈöíäñ ÊóÚúáöíáñ áöáäøóåúíö¡ æóãóæúÞöÚõ (Åöäøó) Ýöíåö íõÛúäöí Úóäú ÝóÇÁö ÇáÊøóÝúÑöíÚö ßóãóÇ ÊóÞóÏøóãó ÛóíúÑó ãóÑøóÉò¡ æóÞóÏú ÊóÞóÏøóãó ÈóíóÇäõåõ Ýöí ÂíóÉ ÇáúÈóÞóÑóÉ.
[143¡ 144]
[ÓõæÑóÉ ÇáúÃóäúÚóÇã (6) : ÇáúÂíóÇÊ 143 Åöáóì 144]
ËóãÇäöíóÉó ÃóÒúæÇÌò ãöäó ÇáÖøóÃúäö ÇËúäóíúäö æóãöäó ÇáúãóÚúÒö ÇËúäóíúäö Þõáú ÂáÐøóßóÑóíúäö ÍóÑøóãó Ãóãö ÇáúÃõäúËóíóíúäö ÃóãøóÇ ÇÔúÊóãóáóÊú Úóáóíúåö ÃóÑúÍÇãõ ÇáúÃõäúËóíóíúäö äóÈøöÆõæäöí ÈöÚöáúãò Åöäú ßõäúÊõãú ÕÇÏöÞöíäó (143) æóãöäó ÇáúÅöÈöáö ÇËúäóíúäö æóãöäó ÇáúÈóÞóÑö ÇËúäóíúäö Þõáú ÂáÐøóßóÑóíúäö ÍóÑøóãó Ãóãö ÇáúÃõäúËóíóíúäö ÃóãøóÇ ÇÔúÊóãóáóÊú Úóáóíúåö ÃóÑúÍÇãõ ÇáúÃõäúËóíóíúäö Ãóãú ßõäúÊõãú ÔõåóÏÇÁó ÅöÐú æóÕøóÇßõãõ Çááøóåõ ÈöåÐÇ Ýóãóäú ÃóÙúáóãõ ãöãøóäö ÇÝúÊóÑì Úóáóì Çááøóåö ßóÐöÈÇð áöíõÖöáøó ÇáäøóÇÓó ÈöÛóíúÑö Úöáúãò Åöäøó Çááøóåó áóÇ íóåúÏöí ÇáúÞóæúãó ÇáÙøóÇáöãöíäó(8-Ã/127)
(144)
ÌõãúáóÉõ: ËóãÇäöíóÉó ÃóÒúæÇÌò ÍóÇáñ ãöäú ãöäó ÇáúÃóäúÚÇãö [ÇáúÃóäúÚóÇãö: 142] . ÐõßöÑõ ÊóæúØöÆóÉð áöÊóÞúÓöíãö ÇáúÃóäúÚóÇãö Åöáóì ÃóÑúÈóÚóÉö ÃóÕúäóÇÝö ÇáøóÐöí åõæó ÊóæúØöÆóÉñ áöáÑøóÏøö Úóáóì ÇáúãõÔúÑößöíäó áöÞóæúáöåö: Þõáú ÂáÐøóßóÑóíúäö ÍóÑøóãó Ãóãö ÇáúÃõäúËóíóíúäö- Åöáóì Þóæúáöåö- Ãóãú ßõäúÊõãú ÔõåóÏÇÁó Ãóíú ÃóäúÔóÃó ãöäó ÇáúÃóäúÚóÇãö ÍóãõæáóÉð Åöáóì ÂÎöÑöåö ÍóÇáóÉó ßóæúäöåóÇ ËóãóÇäöíóÉó ÃóÒúæóÇÌò.
æóÇáúÃóÒúæóÇÌõ ÌóãúÚõ ÒóæúÌò¡ æóÇáÒøóæúÌõ ÇÓúãñ áöÐóÇÊò ãõäúÖóãøóÉñ Åöáóì ÛóíúÑöåóÇ Úóáóì æóÌúåö ÇáúãõáóÇÒóãóÉö¡
ÝóÇáÒøóæúÌõ ËóÇäò áöæóÇÍöÏò¡ æóßõáøñ ãöäú Ðóíúäößó ÇáöÇËúäóíúäö íõÞóÇáõ áóåõ: ÒóæúÌñ¡ ÈöÇÚúÊöÈóÇÑö Ãóäøóåõ ãóÖúãõæãñ¡ æóÞóÏú ÊóÞóÏøóãó Ðóáößó ÚöäúÏó Þóæúáöåö ÊóÚóÇáóì: æóÞõáúäÇ íóÇ ÂÏóãõ ÇÓúßõäú ÃóäúÊó æóÒóæúÌõßó ÇáúÌóäøóÉó Ýöí ÓõæÑóÉö ÇáúÈóÞóÑóÉö [35] ¡ æóíõØúáóÞõ ÇáÒøóæúÌõ ÛóÇáöÈðÇ Úóáóì ÇáÐøóßóÑö æóÇáúÃõäúËóì ãóäú Èóäöí ÂÏóãó ÇáúãõÊóáóÇÒöãóíúäö ÈöÚõÞúÏóÉö äößóÇÍò¡ æóÊõæõÓøöÚó Ýöí åóÐóÇ ÇáúÅöØúáóÇÞö ÝóÃõØúáöÞó ÈöÇáöÇÓúÊöÚóÇÑóÉö Úóáóì ÇáÐøóßóÑö æóÇáúÃõäúËóì ãöäó ÇáúÍóíóæóÇäö ÇáøóÐöí íóÊóÞóÇÑóäõ ÐóßóÑõåõ æóÃõäúËóÇåõ ãöËúáõ ÍöãóÇÑö ÇáúæóÍúÔö æóÃóÊóÇäöåö¡ æóÐóßóÑõ ÇáúÍóãóÇãö æóÃõäúËóÇåõ¡ áöÔóÈúåöåóÇ ÈöÇáÒøóæúÌóíúäö ãöäó ÇáúÅöäúÓóÇäö. æóíõØúáóÞõ ÇáÒøóæúÌõ Úóáóì ÇáÕøöäúÝö ãöäú äóæúÚò ßóÞóæúáöåö ÊóÚóÇáóì: æóãöäú ßõáøö ÇáËøóãóÑÇÊö ÌóÚóáó ÝöíåÇ ÒóæúÌóíúäö ÇËúäóíúäö Ýöí ÓõæÑóÉö ÇáÑøóÚúÏö [3] . æóßöáóÇ ÇáúÅöØúáóÇÞóíúäö ÇáúÃóÎöíÑóíúäö ÕóÇáöÍñ áöáúÅöÑóÇÏóÉö åõäóÇ áöÃóäøó ÇáúÅöÈöáó æóÇáúÈóÞóÑó æóÇáÖøóÃúäó æóÇáúãóÚúÒó ÃóÕúäóÇÝñ áöáúÃóäúÚóÇãö¡ æóáöÃóäøó ßõáøó Ðóáößó ãöäúåõ ÐóßóÑñ æóÃõäúËóì. ÅöÐö ÇáúãóÚúäóì Ãóäøó Çááøóåó ÎóáóÞó ãöäó ÇáúÃóäúÚóÇãö ÐóßóÑóåóÇ æóÃõäúËóÇåóÇ¡ ÝóÇáúÃóÒúæóÇÌõ åõäóÇ ÃóÒúæóÇÌõ ÇáúÃóÕúäóÇÝö¡ æóáóíúÓó ÇáúãõÑóÇÏõ ÒóæúÌðÇ ÈöÚóíúäöåö¡ ÅöÐú áóÇ ÊõÚóÑóÝõ ÈöÃóÚúíóÇäöåóÇ¡ ÝóËóãóÇäöíóÉõ ÃóÒúæóÇÌò åöíó ÃóÑúÈóÚóÉõ ÐõßõæÑò ãöäú ÃóÑúÈóÚóÉö ÃóÕúäóÇÝò æóÃóÑúÈóÚõ ÅöäóÇËò ßóÐóáößó.
æóÞóæúáõåõ: ãöäó ÇáÖøóÃúäö ÇËúäóíúäö æóãöäó ÇáúãóÚúÒö ÇËúäóíúäö ÃóÈóÏóáó ÇËúäóíúäö ãöäú Þóæúáöåö: ËóãÇäöíóÉó ÃóÒúæÇÌò Þóæúáõåõ: ÇËúäóíúäö: ÈóÏóáõ ÊóÝúÕöíáò¡ æóÇáúãõÑóÇÏõ: ÇËúäóíúäö ãöäúåóÇ Ãóíú ãöäó ÇáúÃóÒúæóÇÌö¡ Ãóíú ÐóßóÑñ æóÃõäúËóì ßõáøõ æóÇÍöÏò ãöäúåõãóÇ ÒóæúÌñ áöáúÂÎóÑö¡ æóÝóÇÆöÏóÉõ åóÐóÇ ÇáÊøóÝúÕöíáö ÇáÊøóæóÕøõáõ áöÐößúÑö ÃóÞúÓóÇãö ÇáÐøõßõæÑö æóÇáúÅöäóÇËö ÊóæúØöÆóÉð áöáöÇÓúÊöÏúáóÇáö ÇáúÂÊöí Ýöí Þóæúáöåö: Þõáú ÂáÐøóßóÑóíúäö ÍóÑøóãó Ãóãö ÇáúÃõäúËóíóíúäö ÇáúÂíóÉó.
æóÓõáößó Ýöí ÇáÊøóÝúÕöíáö ØóÑöíÞõ ÇáÊøóæúÒöíÚö ÊóãúíöíÒðÇ ááÃäæÇÚ ÇáãÊÞÇÑÈÉ¡ ÝÅäø ÇáÖøóÃúä æÇáãÚÒ ãÊÞÇÑÈÇä¡ æóßöáóÇåõãóÇ íÐÈÍ¡ æóÇáúÅöÈöá æóÇáúÈóÞÑ ãõÊóÞóÇÑöÈóÉ¡ æóÇáúÅöÈöáõ(8-Ã/128)
ÊõäúÍóÑõ¡ æóÇáúÈóÞóÑõ ÊõÐúÈóÍõ æóÊõäúÍóÑõ ÃóíúÖðÇ.
æóãöäó ÇáúÈóÞóÑö ÕöäúÝñ áóåõ ÓöäóÇãñ Ýóåõæó ÃóÔúÈóåõ ÈöÇáúÅöÈöáö æóíõæÌóÏõ Ýöí ÈöáóÇÏö ÝóÇÑöÓó æóÏóÎóáó ÈöáóÇÏó ÇáúÚóÑóÈö æóåõæó ÇáúÌóÇãõæÓõ¡ æóÇáúÈóÞóÑõ ÇáúÚóÑóÈöíøõ áóÇ ÓóäóÇãó áóåõ æóËóæúÑõåóÇ íõÓóãøóì ÇáúÝóÑöíÔõ.
æóáóãøóÇ ßóÇäõæÇ ÞóÏú ÍóÑøóãõæÇ Ýöí ÇáúÌóÇåöáöíøóÉö ÈóÚúÖó ÇáúÛóäóãö¡ æóãöäúåóÇ ãóÇ íõÓóãøóì ÈöÇáúæóÕöíáóÉö ßóãóÇ ÊóÞóÏøóãó¡ æóÈóÚúÖó ÇáúÅöÈöá ßÇáÈÍíÑÉ æÇáæÕíáÉ ÃóíúÖðÇ¡ æóáóãú íõÍóÑøöãõæÇ ÈóÚúÖó ÇáúãóÚúÒö æóáóÇ ÔóíúÆðÇ ãöäó ÇáúÈóÞóÑö¡ äÇÓÈ Ãóä íõÄúÊì ÈöåóÐóÇ ÇáÊøóÞúÓöíãö ÞóÈúáó ÇáöÇÓúÊöÏúáóÇáö ÊóãúåöíÏðÇ áöÊóÍóßøõãöåõãú ÅöÐú ÍóÑøóãõæÇ ÈóÚúÖó ÃóÝúÑóÇÏò ãöäú ÃóäúæóÇÚò¡ æóáóãú íõÍóÑøöãõæÇ ÈóÚúÖðÇ ãöäú ÃóäúæóÇÚò ÃõÎúÑóì¡ æóÃóÓúÈóÇÈõ ÇáÊøóÍúÑöíãö ÇáúãóÒúÚõæãóÉö ÊóÊóÃóÊøóì Ýöí ßõáøö äóæúÚò ÝóåóÐóÇ ÅöÈúØóÇáñ ÅöÌúãóÇáöíøñ áöãóÇ ÔóÑøóÚõæåõ æóÃóäøóåõ áóíúÓó ãöäú Ïöíäö Çááøóåö æóáóæú ßóÇäó ãöäú ÚöäúÏö ÛóíúÑö Çááøóåö áóæóÌóÏõæÇ Ýöíåö ÇÎúÊöáóÇÝðÇ ßóËöíÑðÇ.
æóåóÐóÇ ÇáöÇÓúÊöÏúáóÇáõ íõÓóãøóì Ýöí Úöáúãö ÇáúãõäóÇÙóÑóÉö æóÇáúÈóÍúËö ÈöÇáÊøóÍóßøõãö.
æóÇáÖøóÃúäõ- ÈöÇáúåóãúÒö- ÇÓúãõ ÌóãúÚò áöáúÛóäóãö áóÇ æóÇÍöÏó áóåõ ãöäú áóÝúÙöåö¡ æóãõÝúÑóÏõ ÇáÖøóÃúäö ÔóÇÉñ æóÌóãúÚõåóÇ ÔóÇÁñ. æóÞöíáó åõæó ÌóãúÚõ ÖóÇÆöäò. æóÇáÖøóÃúäõ äóæúÚñ ãöäó ÇáúÃóäúÚóÇãö ÐóæóÇÊö ÇáÙøöáúÝö áóåõ ÕõæÝñ. æóÇáúãóÚúÒõ
ÇÓúãõ ÌãÚ ãÝÑÏå ãóÇ ÚÒ¡ æóåõæó äóæúÚñ ãöäó ÇáúÃóäúÚóÇãö ÔóÈöíåñ ÈöÇáÖøóÃúäö ãöäú ÐóæóÇÊö ÇáÙøöáúÝö áóåõ ÔóÚúÑñ ãõÓúÊóØöíáñ¡ æóíõÞóÇáõ: ãóÚúÒñ- ÈöÓõßõæäö ÇáúÚóíúäö- æóãóÚóÒñ- ÈöÝóÊúÍö ÇáúÚóíúäö- æóÈöÇáúÃóæøóáö ÞóÑóÃó äóÇÝöÚñ. æóÚóÇÕöãñ¡ æóÍóãúÒóÉõ¡ æóÇáúßöÓóÇÆöíøõ¡ æóÃóÈõæ ÌóÚúÝóÑò¡ æóÎóáóÝñ. æóÞóÑóÃó ÈöÇáËøóÇäöí ÇáúÈóÇÞõæäó.
æóÈóÚúÏó Ãóäú Êóãøó ÐößúÑõ ÇáúãöäøóÉö æóÇáÊøóãúåöíÏö áöáúÍõÌøóÉö¡ ÛóíøóÑó ÃõÓúáõæÈó ÇáúßóáóÇãö¡ ÝóÇÈúÊõÏöÆó ÈöÎöØóÇÈö ÇáÑøóÓõæáö Úóáóíúåö ÇáÕøóáóÇÉõ æóÇáÓøóáóÇãõ ÈöÃóäú íõÌóÇÏöáó ÇáúãõÔúÑößöíäó æóíõÙúåöÑó ÇÝúÊöÑóÇÁóåõãú Úóáóì Çááøóåö ÝöíãóÇ ÒóÚóãõæåõ ãöäú ÊóÍúÑöíãö ãóÇ ÇÈúÊóÏóÚõæÇ ÊóÍúÑöíãóåõ ãöäú ÃóäúæóÇÚò æóÃóÕúäóÇÝö ÇáúÃóäúÚóÇãö Úóáóì ãóäú Úóíøóäõæåõ ãöäó ÇáäøóÇÓö ÈöÞóæúáöåö:
Þõáú ÂáÐøóßóÑóíúäö ÍóÑøóãó ÇáúÂíóÇÊö. ÝóåóÐóÇ ÇáúßóáóÇãõ ÑóÏøñ Úáì ÇáúãõÔúÑßíä¡ áÅÈØÇá ãóÇ ÔóÑøóÚõæåõ ÈöÞóÑöíäóÉö Þóæúáöåö: äóÈøöÆõæäöí ÈöÚöáúãò Åöäú ßõäúÊõãú ÕÇÏöÞöíäó- æóÞóæúáöåö: Ãóãú ßõäúÊõãú ÔõåóÏÇÁó ÅöÐú æóÕøóÇßõãõ Çááøóåõ ÈöåÐÇ ÇáúÂíóÉó.(8-Ã/129)
ÝóÞóæúáõåõ: Þõáú ÂáÐøóßóÑóíúäö ÍóÑøóãó Ãóãö ÇáúÃõäúËóíóíúäö Åöáóì ÂÎöÑöåóÇ Ýöí ÇáúãóæúÖöÚóíúäö¡ ÇÚúÊöÑóÇÖñ ÈóÚúÏó Þóæúáöåö: æóãöäó ÇáúãóÚúÒö ÇËúäóíúäö æóÞóæúáöåö: æóãöäó ÇáúÈóÞóÑö ÇËúäóíúäö. æóÖóãöíÑõ: ÍóÑøóãó ÚóÇÆöÏñ Åöáóì ÇÓúãö Çááøóåö Ýöí Þóæúáöåö: ßõáõæÇ ãöãøóÇ ÑóÒóÞóßõãõ Çááøóåõ [ÇáúÃóäúÚóÇã: 142] ¡ Ãóæú Ýöí Þóæúáöåö: æóÍóÑøóãõæÇ ãóÇ ÑóÒóÞóåõãõ Çááøóåõ [ÇáúÃóäúÚóÇã: 140] ÇáúÂíóÉó. æóÝöí ÊóßúÑöíÑö ÇáöÇÓúÊöÝúåóÇãö ãóÑøóÊóíúäö ÊóÚúÑöíÖñ ÈöÇáÊøóÎúØöÆóÉö¡ ÝóÇáÊøóæúÈöíÎõ æóÇáÊøóÞúÑöíÚõ ÇáøóÐöí íóÚúÞõÈõåõ ÇáÊøóÕúÑöíÍõ Èöåö Ýöí Þóæúáöåö: Åöäú ßõäúÊõãú ÕÇÏöÞöíäó æóÞóæúáöåö: Ãóãú ßõäúÊõãú ÔõåóÏÇÁó ÅöÐú æóÕøóÇßõãõ Çááøóåõ ÈöåÐÇ Ýóãóäú ÃóÙúáóãõ ãöãøóäö ÇÝúÊóÑì Úóáóì Çááøóåö ßóÐöÈÇð ÇáúÂíóÉó. ÝóáóÇ ÊóÑóÏøõÏó Ýöí Ãóäøó ÇáúãóÞúÕõæÏó ãöäú Þóæúáöåö: Þõáú ÂáÐøóßóÑóíúäö ÍóÑøóãó Ýöí ÇáúãóæúÖöÚóíúäö ÅöÈúØóÇáõ ÊóÍúÑöíãö ãóÇ ÍóÑøóãó ÇáúãõÔúÑößõæäó Ãóßúáóåõ¡ æóäóÝúíõ äöÓúÈóÉö Ðóáößó ÇáÊøóÍúÑöíãö Åöáóì Çááøóåö ÊóÚóÇáóì. æóÅöäøóãóÇ ÇáäøóÙóÑõ Ýöí ØóÑöíÞö ÇÓúÊöÝóÇÏóÉö åóÐóÇ ÇáúãóÞúÕõæÏö ãöäú äóÙúãö ÇáúßóáóÇãö. æóåõæó ãöäó ÇáúãõÚúÖöáóÇÊö.
ÝóÞóÇáó ÇáúÝóÎúÑõ: «ÃóØúÈóÞó ÇáúãõÝóÓøöÑõæäó Úóáóì Ãóäøó ÊóÝúÓöíÑó åóÐöåö ÇáúÂíóÉö Ãóäøó ÇáúãõÔúÑößöíäó ßóÇäõæÇ íõÍóÑøöãõæäó ÈóÚúÖó ÇáúÃóäúÚóÇãö ÝóÇÍúÊóÌøó Çááøóåõ Úóáóì ÅöÈúØóÇáö Þóæúáöåöãú ÈöÃóäú ÐóßóÑó ÇáÖøóÃúäó æóÇáúãóÚúÒó æóÇáúÅöÈöáó æóÇáúÈóÞóÑó. æóÐóßóÑó ãöäú ßõáøö æóÇÍöÏò ãöäú åóÐöåö ÇáúÃóÑúÈóÚóÉö ÒóæúÌóíúäö ÐóßóÑðÇ æóÃõäúËóì¡ Ëãø ÞóÇáó: Åöä ßóÇäó ÍÑøã ãöäúåóÇ ÇáÐøßÑ æóÌÈ Ãóä íßæä ßáø ÐßæÑåÇ ÍóÑóÇãðÇ¡ æóÅöäú ßóÇäó ÍóÑøóãó ÇáúÃõäúËóì æóÌóÈó Ãóäú íóßõæäó ßõáøõ ÅöäóÇËöåóÇ ÍóÑóÇãðÇ¡ æóÃóäøóåõ Åöäú ßóÇäó ÍóÑøóãó ãóÇ ÇÔúÊóãóáóÊú Úóáóíúåö ÃóÑúÍóÇãõ ÇáúÃõäúËóíóíúäö æóÌóÈó ÊóÍúÑöíãõ ÇáúÃóæúáóÇÏö ßõáøöåóÇ» . ÍóÇÕöáõ ÇáúãóÚúäóì äóÝúíõ Ãóäú íóßõæäó Çááøóåõ ÍóÑøóãó ÔóíúÆðÇ ãöãøóÇ ÒóÚóãõæÇ ÊóÍúÑöíãóåõ ÅöíøóÇåõ ÈöØóÑöíÞö ÇáÓøóÈúÑö æóÇáÊøóÞúÓöíãö æóåõæó ãä ØóÑöíÞ ÇáúÌóÏóáö.
ÞõáúÊõ: åóÐóÇ ãóÇ ÚóÒóÇåõ ÇáØøóÈóÑöíøõ Åöáóì ÞóÊóÇÏóÉó¡ æóãõÌóÇåöÏò¡ æóÇáÓøõÏøöíøö¡ æóåóÐóÇ áóÇ íóÓúÊóÞöíãõ áöÃóäøó ÇáÓøóÈúÑó ÛóíúÑõ ÊóÇãøò ÅöÐú áóÇ íóäúÍóÕöÑõ ÓóÈóÈõ ÇáÊøóÍúÑöíãö Ýöí ÇáäøóæúÚöíøóÉö Èóáö ÇáúÃóßúËóÑõ Ãóäøó ÓóÈóÈóåõ ÈóÚúÖõ ÃóæúÕóÇÝö ÇáúãóãúäõæÚö æóÃóÍúæóÇáöåö.
æóÞóÇáó ÇáúÈóÛóæöíøõ: ÞóÇáõæÇ: åÐöåö ÃóäúÚÇãñ æóÍóÑúËñ ÍöÌúÑñ [ÇáúÃóäúÚóÇã: 138] æóÞóÇáõæÇ:(8-Ã/130)
ãóÇ Ýöí ÈõØõæäö åÐöåö ÇáúÃóäúÚÇãö ÎÇáöÕóÉñ áöÐõßõæÑöäÇ æóãõÍóÑøóãñ Úóáì ÃóÒúæÇÌöäÇ [ÇáúÃóäúÚóÇã: 139] æóÍóÑøóãõæÇ ÇáúÈóÍöíÑóÉó æóÇáÓøóÇÆöÈóÉó æóÇáúæóÕöíáóÉó æóÇáúÍóÇãöíó¡
ÝóáóãøóÇ ÞóÇãó ÇáúÅöÓúáóÇãõ ÌÇÏáæÇ ÇáäøÈíÁ Õóáøóì Çááåõ Úóáóíúåö æóÓóáøóãó¡ æóßóÇäó ÎóØöíÈõåõãú ãóÇáößó Èúäó ÚóæúÝò ÇáúÌõÔóãöíøó ÞóÇáõæÇ: íóÇ ãõÍóãøóÏõ ÈóáóÛóäóÇ Ãóäøóßó ÊõÍóÑøöãõ ÃóÔúíóÇÁó ãöãøóÇ ßóÇäó ÂÈóÇÄõäóÇ íóÝúÚóáõæäóåõ. ÝóÞóÇáó áóåõãú ÑóÓõæá Çááå Õóáøóì Çááåõ Úóáóíúåö æóÓóáøóãó: Åöäøóßõãú ÞóÏú ÍóÑøóãúÊõãú ÃóÕúäóÇÝðÇ ãöäó ÇáäøóÚóãö Úóáóì ÛóíúÑö ÃóÕúáò¡ æóÅöäøóãóÇ ÎóáóÞó Çááøóåõ åóÐöåö ÇáúÃóÒúæóÇÌó ÇáËøóãóÇäöíóÉó áöáúÃóßúáö æóÇáöÇäúÊöÝóÇÚö ÈöåóÇ¡ Ýóãöäú Ãóíúäó ÌóÇÁó åóÐóÇ ÇáÊøóÍúÑöíãõ Ãóãöäú ÞöÈóáö ÇáÐøóßóÑö Ãóãú ãöäú ÞöÈóáö ÇáúÃõäúËóì. ÝóÓóßóÊó ãóÇáößõ Èúäõ ÚóæúÝò æóÊóÍóíøóÑó ÇåÜ
(Ãóíú æóÐóáößó ÞóÈúáó Ãóäú íõÓúáöãó ãóÇáößõ Èúäõ ÚóæúÝò) æóáóãú íóÚúÒõåõ ÇáúÈóÛóæöíøõ Åöáóì ÞóÇÆöáò æóåõæó ÞóÑöíÈñ ãöãøóÇ ÞóÇáóåõ ÞóÊóÇÏóÉõ æóÇáÓøõÏøöíøõ æóãõÌóÇåöÏñ ÝóÊóÈóíøóäó Ãóäøó ÇáúÍöÌóÇÌó ßõáøóåõ Ýöí ÊóÍúÑöíãö Ãóßúáö ÈóÚúÖö åóÐöåö ÇáúÃóäúæóÇÚö ãöäó ÇáúÃóäúÚóÇãö¡ æóÝöí ÚóÏóãö ÇáÊøóÝúÑöÞóÉö Èóíúäó ãóÇ ÍóÑøóãõæÇ Ãóßúáóåõ æóãóÇ áóãú íõÍóÑøöãõæåõ ãóÚó ÊóãóÇËõáö ÇáäøóæúÚö Ãóæö ÇáÕøöäúÝö.
æóÇáøóÐöí íõÄúÎóÐõ ãöäú ßóáóÇãö ÃóÆöãøóÉö ÇáúÚóÑóÈöíøóÉö Ýöí äóÙúãö ÇáöÇÓúÊöÏúáóÇáö Úóáóì ÇáúãõÔúÑößöíäó Ãóäøó ÇáöÇÓúÊöÝúåóÇãó Ýöí Þóæúáöåö: ÂáÐøóßóÑóíúäö ÍóÑøóãó Ýöí ÇáúãóæúÖöÚóíúäö. ÇÓúÊöÝúåóÇãñ ÅöäúßóÇÑöíøñ¡ ÞóÇáó Ýöí «ÇáúßóÔøóÇÝö» ÇáúåóãúÒóÉõ Ýöí ÂáÐøóßóÑóíúäö áöáúÅöäúßóÇÑö. æóÇáúãóÚúäóì: ÅöäúßóÇÑõ Ãóäú íõÍóÑøöãó Çááøóåõ ÊóÚóÇáóì ãöäú ÌöäúÓóíö ÇáúÛóäóãö ÔóíúÆðÇ ãöäú äóæúÚóíú ÐõßõæÑöåóÇ æóÅöäóÇËöåóÇ æóãóÇ ÊóÍúãöáõ ÅöäóÇËõåóÇ æóßóÐóáößó Ýöí ÌöäúÓóíö ÇáúÅöÈöáö æóÇáúÈóÞóÑö¡ æóÈóíøóäóåõ ÕóÇÍöÈõ «ÇáúãöÝúÊóÇÍö» Ýöí ÈóÇÈö ÇáØøóáóÈö ÈöÞóæúáöåö: æóÅöäú ÃóÑóÏúÊó Èöåö (Ãóíú ÈöÇáöÇÓúÊöÝúåóÇãö) ÇáúÅöäúßóÇÑó ÝóÇäúÓõÌúåõ Úóáóì ãöäúæóÇáö ÇáäøóÝúíö ÝóÞõáú (Ýöí ÅöäúßóÇÑö äóÝúÓö ÇáÖøóÑúÈö) ÃóÖóÑóÈúÊó ÒóíúÏðÇ¡ æóÞõáú (Ýöí ÅöäúßóÇÑö Ãóäú íóßõæäó áöáúãõÎóÇØóÈö ãóÖúÑõæÈñ) ÃóÒóíúÏðÇ ÖóÑóÈúÊó Ãóãú ÚóãúÑðÇ¡ ÝóÅöäøóßó ÅöÐóÇ ÃóäúßóÑúÊó ãóäú íõÑóÏøóÏö ÇáÖøóÑúÈõ ÈóíúäóåõãóÇ (Ãóíú ÈöÒóÚúãöåö) ÊóæóáøóÏó ãöäúåõ (Ãóíú ãöäó ÇáúÅöäúßóÇÑö Úóáóíúåö) ÅöäúßóÇÑõ ÇáÖøóÑúÈö Úóáóì æóÌúåò ÈõÑúåóÇäöíøò æóãöäúåõ Þóæúáõåõ ÊóÚóÇáóì:
ÂáÐøóßóÑóíúäö ÍóÑøóãó Ãóãö ÇáúÃõäúËóíóíúäö. ÞóÇáó ÔóÇÑöÍõåõ ÇáúÞõØúÈõ ÇáÔøöíÑóÇÒöíøõ: áöÇÓúÊöáúÒóÇãö ÇäúÊöÝóÇÁö ãóÍóáøö ÇáÊøóÍúÑöíãö ÇäúÊöÝóÇÁó ÇáÊøóÍúÑöíãö áöÃóäøóåõ ÚóÑóÖñ íóãúÊóäöÚõ æõÌõæÏõåõ¡ Ãóíö ÇáÊøóÍúÑöíãõ¡ Ïõæäó ãóÍóáøò íóÞõæãõ Èöåö ÝóÅöÐóÇ ÇäúÊóÝóì (Ãóíú ãóÍóáøõåõ) ÇäúÊóÝóì åõæó Ãóíö ÇáÊøóÍúÑöíãõ ÇåÜ.(8-Ã/131)
ÃóÞõæáõ æóÌúåõ ÇáöÇÓúÊöÏúáóÇáö: Ãóäøó Çááøóåó áóæú ÍóÑøóãó Ãóßúáó ÈóÚúÖö ÇáÐøõßõæÑö ãöäú ÃóÍóÏö ÇáäøóæúÚóíúäö áóÍóÑøóãó ÇáúÈóÚúÖó ÇáúÂÎóÑó¡ æóáóæú ÍóÑøóãó Ãóßúáó ÈóÚúÖö ÇáúÅöäóÇËö áöÍóÑøóãó ÇáúÈóÚúÖó ÇáúÂÎóÑó. áöÃóäøó ÔóÃúäó ÃóÍúßóÇãö Çááøóåö Ãóäú Êóßõæäó ãõØøóÑöÏóÉð Ýöí ÇáúÃóÔúíóÇÁö ÇáúãõÊøóÍöÏóÉö ÈöÇáäøóæúÚö æóÇáÕøöÝóÉö¡ æóáóæú ÍóÑøóãó ÈóÚúÖó ãóÇ Ýöí ÈõØõæäö ÇáúÃóäúÚóÇãö Úóáóì ÇáäøöÓóÇÁö áóÍóÑøóãó Ðóáößó Úóáóì ÇáÑøöÌóÇáö¡ æóÅöÐú áóãú íõÍóÑøöãú ÈóÚúÖóåóÇ Úóáóì ÈóÚúÖò ãóÚó ÊóãóÇËõáö ÇáúÃóäúæóÇÚö æóÇáúÃóÍúæóÇáö. ÃóäúÊóÌó Ãóäøóåõ áóãú íõÍóÑøöãö ÇáúÈóÚúÖó ÇáúãóÒúÚõæãó ÊóÍúÑöíãõåõ¡ áöÃóäøó ÃóÍúßóÇãó Çááøóåö ãóäõæØóÉñ ÈöÇáúÍößúãóÉö¡ ÝóÏóáøó Úóáóì Ãóäøó ãóÇ ÍóÑøóãõæåõ ÅöäøóãóÇ ÍóÑøóãõæåõ ãöäú ÊöáúÞóÇÁö ÃóäúÝõÓöåöãú ÊóÍóßøõãðÇ æóÇÚúÊöÈóÇØðÇ¡ æóßóÇäó ÊóÍúÑöíãõåõãú ãóÇ
ÍóÑøóãõæåõ ÇÝúÊöÑóÇÁð Úóáóì Çááøóåö. æóäóåóÖóÊö ÇáúÍõÌøóÉõ Úóáóíúåöãú¡ ÇáúãõáúÌöÆóÉõ áóåõãú¡ ßóãóÇ ÃóÔóÇÑó Åöáóíúåö ßóáóÇã ÇáäøÈíÁ Õóáøóì Çááåõ Úóáóíúåö æóÓóáøóãó áöãóÇáößö Èúäö ÚóæúÝò ÇáúÌõÔóãöíøö ÇáúãóÐúßõæÑõ ÂäöÝðÇ¡ æóáöÐóáößó ÓóÌøóáó Úóáóíúåöãú ÈöÞóæúáöåö: äóÈøöÆõæäöí ÈöÚöáúãò Åöäú ßõäúÊõãú ÕÇÏöÞöíäó ÝóÞóæúáõåõ: ÂáÐøóßóÑóíúäö ÍóÑøóãó Ãóíú áóæú ÍóÑøóãó Çááøóåõ ÇáÐøóßóÑóíúäö áóÓóæøóì Ýöí ÊóÍúÑöíãöåöãóÇ Èóíúäó ÇáÑøöÌóÇáö æóÇáäøöÓóÇÁö. æóßóÐóáößó ÇáúÞóæúáõ Ýöí ÇáúÃõäúËóíóíúäö¡ æóÇáöÇÓúÊöÝúåóÇãõ Ýöí Þóæúáöåö:
ÂáÐøóßóÑóíúäö ÍóÑøóãó Ýöí ÇáúãóæúÖöÚóíúäö ãõÓúÊóÚúãóáñ Ýöí ÇáÊøóÞúÑöíÑö æóÇáúÅöäúßóÇÑö ÈöÞóÑöíäóÉö Þóæúáöåö ÞóÈúáóåõ: ÓóíóÌúÒöíåöãú æóÕúÝóåõãú Åöäøóåõ Íóßöíãñ Úóáöíãñ [ÇáúÃóäúÚóÇã: 139] . æóÞóæúáõåõ: æóáÇ ÊóÊøóÈöÚõæÇ ÎõØõæÇÊö ÇáÔøóíúØÇäö [ÇáúÈóÞóÑóÉ:
168] . æóãóÚúáõæãñ Ãóäøó ÇÓúÊöÚúãóÇáó ÇáöÇÓúÊöÝúåóÇãö Ýöí ÛóíúÑö ãóÚúäóì ØóáóÈö ÇáúÝóåúãö åõæó ÅöãøóÇ ãóÌóÇÒñ Ãóæú ßöäóÇíóÉñ.
æóáöÐóáößó ÊóÚóíøóäó Ãóäú Êóßõæäó Ãóãö ãõäúÞóØöÚóÉñ ÈöãóÚúäóì (Èóáú) æóãóÚúäóÇåóÇ ÇáúÅöÖúÑóÇÈõ ÇáöÇäúÊöÞóÇáöíøõ ÊóÚúÏöíÏðÇ áóåõãú æóíõÞóÏøóÑõ ÈóÚúÏóåóÇ ÇÓúÊöÝúåóÇãñ. ÝóÇáúãõÝúÑóÏõ ÈóÚúÏó Ãóãö ãóÝúÚõæáñ áöÝöÚúáò ãóÍúÐõæÝò¡ æóÇáÊøóÞúÏöíÑõ: Ãóãú ÃõÍóÑøöãõ ÇáúÃõäúËóíóíúäö. æóßóÐóáößó ÇáÊøóÞúÏöíÑõ Ýöí Þóæúáöåö: ÃóãøóÇ ÇÔúÊóãóáóÊú Úóáóíúåö ÃóÑúÍÇãõ ÇáúÃõäúËóíóíúäö æóßóÐóáößó ÇáÊøóÞúÏöíÑõ Ýöí äóÙöíÑöåö.
æóÞóæúáõåõ: ãöäó ÇáÖøóÃúäö ÇËúäóíúäö æóãöäó ÇáúãóÚúÒö ÇËúäóíúäö ãóÚó Þóæúáöåö: æóãöäó ÇáúÅöÈöáö ÇËúäóíúäö æóãöäó ÇáúÈóÞóÑö ÇËúäóíúäö ãä ãóÓúáóß ÇáÓøíÑ æóÇáÊøóÞúÓöíãö ÇáúãóÐúßõæÑö Ýöí ãóÓóÇáößö ÇáúÚöáøóÉö ãöäú Úöáúãö ÃõÕõæáö ÇáúÝöÞúåö.
æóÌõãúáóÉõ: äóÈøöÆõæäöí ÈöÚöáúãò Åöäú ßõäúÊõãú ÕÇÏöÞöíäó ÈóÏóáõ ÇÔúÊöãóÇáò ãöäú ÌõãúáóÉö(8-Ã/132)
ÂáÐøóßóÑóíúäö ÍóÑøóãó Ãóãö ÇáúÃõäúËóíóíúäö áöÃóäøó ÅöäúßóÇÑó Ãóäú íóßõæäó Çááøóåõ ÍóÑøóãó ÔóíúÆðÇ ãöäú ÐõßõæÑò æóÅöäóÇËò Ðóíúäößó ÇáÕøöäúÝóíúäö íóÞúÊóÖöí ÊóßúÐöíÈóåõãú Ýöí ÒóÚúãöåöãú Ãóäøó Çááøóåó ÍóÑøóãó ãóÇ ÐóßóÑõæåõ ÝóíóáúÒóãõ ãöäúåõ ØóáóÈõ ÇáÏøóáöíáö Úóáóì ÏóÚúæóÇåõãú. ÝóãóæúÞöÚõ ÌõãúáóÉõ ÂáÐøóßóÑóíúäö ÈöãóäúÒöáóÉö ÇáöÇÓúÊöÝúÓóÇÑö Ýöí Úöáúãö ÂÏóÇÈö ÇáúÈóÍúËö. æóãóæúÞöÚõ ÌõãúáóÉö: äóÈøöÆõæäöí ÈöÚöáúãò Åöäú ßõäúÊõãú ÕÇÏöÞöíäó ÈöãóäúÒöáóÉö ÇáúãóäúÚö. æóåóÐóÇ Êóåóßøõãñ áöÃóäøóåõ áóÇ íõØúáóÈõ ÊóáóÞøöí Úöáúãò ãöäúåõãú. æóåóÐóÇ ÇáÊøóåóßøõãõ ÊóÇÈöÚñ áöÕõæÑóÉö ÇáöÇÓúÊöÝúåóÇãö æóÝóÑúÚñ ÚóäúåóÇ. æóåõæó åõäóÇ ÊóÌúÑöíÏ áöáúãóÌóÇÒö Ãóæú áöáúãóÚúäóì ÇáúãóáúÒõæãö ÇáúãõäúÊóÞöáö ãöäúåõ Ýöí ÇáúßöäóÇíóÉö. æóÊóËúäöíóÉõ ÇáÐøóßóÑóíúäö æóÇáúÃõäúËóíóíúäö: ÈöÇÚúÊöÈóÇÑö ÐõßõæÑö æóÅöäóÇËö ÇáäøóæúÚóíúäö.
æóÊóÚúÏöíóÉõ ÝöÚúáö: ÍóÑøóãó Åöáóì ÂáÐøóßóÑóíúäö æÇáúÃõäúËóíóíúäö æóãóÇ ÇÔúÊóãóáóÊú Úóáóíúåö ÃóÑúÍóÇãõ ÇáúÃõäúËóíóíúäö¡ Úóáóì ÊóÞúÏöíÑö ãõÖóÇÝò ãóÚúáõæãò ãöäó ÇáÓøöíóÇÞö¡ Ãóíú: ÍóÑøóãó Ãóßúáó ÇáÐøóßóÑóíúäö Ãóãö ÇáúÃõäúËóíóíúäö Åöáóì ÂÎöÑöåö.
æóÇáÊøóÚúÑöíÝõ Ýöí Þóæúáöåö: ÂáÐøóßóÑóíúäö æóÞóæúáöåö: ÃóãøóÇ ÇÔúÊóãóáóÊú Úóáóíúåö ÃóÑúÍÇãõ ÇáúÃõäúËóíóíúäö ÊóÚúÑöíÝõ ÇáúÌöäúÓö ßóãóÇ Ýöí «ÇáúßóÔøóÇÝö» .
æóÇáúÈóÇÁõ Ýöí ÈöÚöáúãò: íõÍúÊóãóáõ Ãóäú Êóßõæäó áöÊóÚúÏöíóÉö ÝöÚúáö ÇáúÅöäúÈóÇÁö¡ ÝóÇáúÚöáúãõ ÈöãóÚúäóì ÇáúãóÚúáõæãö.
æóíõÍúÊóãóáõ Ãóäú Êóßõæäó áöáúãõáóÇÈóÓóÉö¡ Ãóíú äóÈøöÆõæäöí ÅöäúÈóÇÁð ãõáóÇÈöÓðÇ áöáúÚöáúãö¡ ÝóÇáúÚöáúãõ ãóÇ ÞóÇÈóáó ÇáúÌóåúáó Ãóí ÅäÈÇÁ ÚóÇáã. æóáóãøóÇ ßóÇäõæÇ ÚóÇÌöÒöíäó Úóäö ÇáúÅöäúÈóÇÁö Ïóáøó Ðóáößó Úóáóì Ãóäøóåõãú ÍÑøãæÇ ãóÇ ÍÑøãæå ÈöÌóåóÇáóÉò æóÓõæÁö ÚóÞúáò áóÇ ÈöÚöáúãò¡ æóÔóÃúäõ ãóäú íóÊóÕóÏøóì áöáÊøóÍúÑöíãö æóÇáÊøóÍúáöíáö Ãóäú íóßõæäó ÐóÇ Úöáúãò.
æóÞóæúáõåõ: Åöäú ßõäúÊõãú ÕÇÏöÞöíäó Ãóíú Ýöí Þóæúáößõãú: Åöäøó Çááøóåó ÍóÑøóãó ãóÇ ÐóßóÑúÊõãú Ãóäøóåõ ãõÍóÑøóãñ¡ áöÃóäøóåõãú áóæú ßóÇäõæÇ ÕóÇÏöÞöíäó Ýöí ÊóÍúÑöíãö Ðóáößó áóÇÓúÊóØóÇÚõæÇ ÈóíóÇäó ãóÇ ÍóÑøóãóåõ Çááøóåõ¡ æóáóÃóÈúÏóæúÇ ÍößúãóÉó ÊóÍúÑöíãö ãóÇ ÍóÑøóãõæåõ æóäóÓóÈõæÇ ÊóÍúÑöíãóåõ Åöáóì Çááøóåö ÊóÚóÇáóì.
æóÞóæúáõåõ: æóãöäó ÇáúÅöÈöáö ÇËúäóíúäö- Åöáóì Þóæúáöåö- ÃóÑúÍÇãõ ÇáúÃõäúËóíóíúäö ÚóØúÝñ Úóáóì:(8-Ã/133)
æóãöäó ÇáúãóÚúÒö ÇËúäóíúäö áöÃóäøóåõ ãöäú ÊóãóÇãö ÊóÝúÕöíáö ÚóÏóÏö ËóãóÇäöíóÉö ÃóÒúæóÇÌò¡ æóÇáúÞóæúáõ Ýöíåö ßóÇáúÞóæúáö Ýöí ÓóÇÈöÞöåö¡ æóÇáúãóÞúÕõæÏõ ÅöÈúØóÇáõ ÊóÍúÑöíãö ÇáúÈóÍöíÑóÉö æóÇáÓøóÇÆöÈóÉö æóÇáúÍóÇãöí æóãóÇ Ýöí ÈõØõæäö ÇáúÈóÍóÇÆöÑö æóÇáÓøóæóÇÆöÈö.
æÃóãö Ýöí Þóæúáöåö: Ãóãú ßõäúÊõãú ÔõåóÏÇÁó ãõäúÞóØöÚóÉñ áöáúÅöÖúÑóÇÈö ÇáöÇäúÊöÞóÇáöíøö. ÝóÊõÄúÐöäõ ÈöÇÓúÊöÝúåóÇãò ãõÞóÏøóÑò ÈóÚúÏóåóÇ ÍóíúËõãóÇ æóÞóÚóÊú. æóåõæó ÅöäúßóÇÑöíøñ ÊóÞúÑöíÑöíøñ ÃóíúÖðÇ ÈöÞóÑöíäóÉö ÇáÓøöíóÇÞö.
æóÇáÔøõåóÏóÇÁõ: ÇáúÍóÇÖöÑõæäó ÌóãúÚõ ÔóåöíÏò æóåõæó ÇáúÍóÇÖöÑõ¡ Ãóíú ÔõåóÏóÇÁó Íöíäó æóÕøóÇßõãõ Çááøóåõ¡ Ýó ÅöÐú ÙóÑúÝñ áö ÔõåóÏÇÁó ãõÖóÇÝñ Åöáóì ÌõãúáóÉö: æóÕøóÇßõãõ.
æóÇáúÅöíÕóÇÁõ: ÇáúÃóãúÑõ ÈöÔóíúÁò íõÝúÚóáõ Ýöí ÛóíúÈóÉö ÇáúÂãöÑö ÝóíõÄóßøóÏõ Úóáóì ÇáúãóÃúãõæÑö ÈöÝöÚúáöåö áöÃóäøó ÔóÃúä ÇáúÛóÇÆöÈ ÇáÊøÃßíÏ. æóÃõØúáöÞó ÇáúÅöíÕóÇÁõ Úóáóì ãóÇ ÃóãóÑó Çááøóåõ Èöåö áöÃóäøó ÇáäøóÇÓó áóãú íõÔóÇåöÏõæÇ Çááøóåó Íöíäó ÝöÚúáöåöãú ãóÇ íóÃúãõÑõåõãú Èöåö¡ ÝóßóÇäó ÃóãúÑõ Çááøóåö ãõÄóßøóÏðÇ ÝóÚóÈøóÑó Úóäúåõ ÈöÇáúÅöíÕóÇÁö ÊóäúÈöíåðÇ áóåõãú Úóáóì ÇáöÇÍúÊöÑóÇÒö ãöäó ÇáÊøóÝúæöíÊö Ýöí ÃóæóÇãöÑö Çááøóåö¡ æóáöÐóáößó ÃõØúáöÞó Úóáóì ÃóãúÑö Çááøóåö ÇáúÅöíÕóÇÁõ Ýöí ãóæóÇÖöÚó ßóËöíÑóÉò ãöäó ÇáúÞõÑúÂäö¡ ßóÞóæúáöåö:
íõæÕöíßõãõ Çááøóåõ Ýöí ÃóæúáÇÏößõãú [ÇáäøöÓóÇÁ: 11] .
æóÇáúÅöÔóÇÑóÉõ Ýöí Þóæúáöåö: ÈöåÐÇ Åöáóì ÇáÊøóÍúÑöíãö ÇáúãóÃúÎõæÐö ãöäú Þóæúáöåö: ÍóÑøóãó æóÐóáößó áöÃóäøó Ýöí ÅöäúßóÇÑö ãóÌúãõæÚö ÇáÊøóÍúÑöíãö ÊóÖõãøõäðÇ áöÅöÈúØóÇáö ÊóÍúÑöíãò ãõÚóíøóäò ÇÏøóÚóæúåõ. æóåõãú íóÚúÑöÝõæäóåõ. ÝóáöÐóáößó ÕóÍøóÊö ÇáúÅöÔóÇÑóÉõ Åöáóì ÇáÊøóÍúÑöíãö Úóáóì ÇáúÅöÌúãóÇáö¡ æóÎõÕøó ÈöÇáúÅöäúßóÇÑö ÍóÇáóÉõ ÇáúãõÔóÇåóÏóÉö¡ ÊóåóßøõãðÇ Èöåöãú¡ áöÃóäøóåõãú ßóÇäõæÇ íßÐøÈæä ÇáÑøÓæá Õóáøóì Çááåõ Úóáóíúåö æóÓóáøóãó ÝóÍóÇáõåõãú ÍóÇáõ ãóäú íóÖóÚõ äóÝúÓóåõ ãóæúÖöÚó ãóäú íóÍúÖõÑõ ÍóÖúÑóÉó Çááøóåö ÊóÚóÇáóì áöÓóãóÇÚö ÃóæóÇãöÑöåö. Ãóæú áöÃóäøó Ðóáößó áóãøóÇ áóãú íóßõäú ãöäú ÔóÑúÚö ÅöÈúÑóÇåöíãó æóáóÇ ÅöÓúãóÇÚöíá Úóáóíúåöã ÇáÓøóáóÇãõ¡ æóáóãú íóÃúÊö Èöåö ÑóÓõæáñ ãöäó Çááøóåö¡ æóáóãú íóÏøóÚõæåõ¡ Ýóáóãú íóÈúÞó ÅáøÇ Ãäø íÏøÚæÇ Ãóäøó Çááøóåó ÎóÇØóÈóåõãú Èöåö ãõÈóÇÔóÑóÉð.
æóÞóæúáõåõ: Ýóãóäú ÃóÙúáóãõ ãöãøóäö ÇÝúÊóÑì Úóáóì Çááøóåö ßóÐöÈÇð ãõÊóÑóÊøöÈñ Úóáóì ÇáúÅöäúßóÇÑö Ýöí Þóæúáöåö:
ÂáÐøóßóÑóíúäö ÍóÑøóãó Ãóãö ÇáúÃõäúËóíóíúäö- Åöáóì Þóæúáöåö- ÅöÐú æóÕøóÇßõãõ Çááøóåõ ÈöåÐÇ¡(8-Ã/134)
Ãóíú ÝóíóÊóÑóÊøóÈõ Úóáóì Ðóáößó
ÇáúÅöÈúØóÇáö æóÇáúÅöäúßóÇÑö Ãóäú íóÊóæóÌøóåó ÓõÄóÇáñ ãöäó ÇáúãõÊóßóáøöãö ãóÔõæÈñ ÈöÅöäúßóÇÑò. Úóãøóäö ÇÊøóÕóÝó ÈöÒöíóÇÏóÉö Ùõáúãö ÇáÙøóÇáöãöíäó ÇáøóÐöíäó ßóÐóÈõæÇ Úóáóì Çááøóåö áöíõÖöáøõæÇ ÇáäøóÇÓó¡ Ãóíú: áóÇ ÃóÍóÏó ÃóÙúáóãõ ãöãøóäö ÇÝúÊóÑóì Úóáóì Çááøóåö ßóÐöÈðÇ¡ ÝóÅöÐóÇ ËóÈóÊó Ãóäøó åóÄõáóÇÁö ÇáãÎÇØÈíä ÞÏ ÇÝÊÑæÇ Úáì Çááå ßÐÈÇ¡ ËóÈÊ Ãäøåã ãä ÇáúÝóÑöíÞ ÇáøÐí åõæó ÃóÙúáóãõ ÇáÙøóÇáöãöíäó.
æóÇáúãõÔúÑößõæäó ÅöãøóÇ Ãóäú íóßõæäõæÇ ãöãøóäú æóÖóÚó ÇáÔøöÑúßó æóåõãú ßõÈóÑóÇÁõ ÇáúãõÔúÑößöíäó: ãöËúáõ ÚóãúÑöæ Èúäö áõÍóíøò¡ æóÇÖöÚõ ÚöÈóÇÏóÉö ÇáúÃóÕúäóÇãö¡ æóÃóæøóáõ ãóäú ÌóÚóáó ÇáúÈóÍöíÑóÉó æóÇáÓøóÇÆöÈóÉó æóÇáúæóÕöíáóÉó æóÇáúÍóÇãöíó¡ æóãóäú ÌóÇÁó ÈóÚúÏóåõ ãöäú ØóæóÇÛöíÊö Ãóåúáö ÇáÔøöÑúßö ÇáøóÐöíäó ÓóäøõæÇ áóåõãú ÌóÚúáó ÔóíúÁò ãöäú ÃóãúæóÇáöåöãú áöÈõíõæÊö ÇáúÃóÕúäóÇãö æóÓóÏóäóÊöåóÇ¡ ÝóåóÄõáóÇÁö ãõÝúÊóÑõæäó¡ æóÅöãøóÇ Ãóäú íóßõæäõæÇ ãöãøóäö ÇÊøóÈóÚó ÃõæáóÆößó ÈöÚóÒúãò æóÊóÕóáøõÈò æóÔóÇÑóßõæåõãú Ýóåõãõ ÇÊøóÈóÚõæÇ ÃõäóÇÓðÇ áóíúÓõæÇ ÈöÃóåúáò áöÃóäú íõÈóáøöÛõæÇ Úóäö Çááøóåö ÊóÚóÇáóì¡ æóßóÇäó ÍóÞøõåõãú Ãóäú íóÊóæóÎøóæúÇ ãóäú íóÊøóÈöÚõæäó æóãóäú íóÙõäøõæäó Ãóäøóåõ ãõÈóáøöÛñ Úóäö Çááøóåö æóåõãõ ÇáÑøõÓõáõ¡ Ýóãöäú ÖóáóÇáöåöãú Ãóäøóåõãú áóãøóÇ ÌóÇÁóåõãõ ÇáÑøóÓõæáõ ÇáúÍóÞøõ Úóáóíúåö ÇáÕøóáóÇÉõ æóÇáÓøóáóÇãõ ßóÐøóÈõæåõ¡ æóÞóÏú ÕóÏøóÞõæÇ ÇáúßóÐóÈóÉó æóÃóíøóÏõæåõãú æóäóÕóÑõæåõãú.
æóíõÓúÊóÝóÇÏõ ãöäó ÇáúÂíóÉö Ãóäøó ãöäó ÇáÙøõáúãö Ãóäú íõÞúÏöãó ÃóÍóÏñ Úóáóì ÇáúÅöÝúÊóÇÁö Ýöí ÇáÏøöíäö ãóÇ áóãú íóßõäú ÞóÏú ÛóáóÈó Úóáóì Ùóäøöåö Ãóäøóåõ íõÝúÊöí ÈöÇáÕøóæóÇÈö ÇáøóÐöí íõÑúÖöí Çááøóåó¡ æóÐóáößó Åöäú ßóÇäó ãõÌúÊóåöÏðÇ ÝóÈöÇáöÇÓúÊöäóÇÏö Åöáóì ÇáÏøóáöíáö ÇáøóÐöí íóÛúáöÈõ Úóáóì Ùóäøöåö ãõÕóÇÏóÝóÊõåõ áöãõÑóÇÏö Çááøóåö ÊóÚóÇáóì¡ æóÅöäú ßóÇäó ãõÞóáøöÏðÇ ÝóÈöÇáöÇÓúÊöäóÇÏö Åöáóì ãóÇ íóÛúáöÈõ Úóáóì Ùóäøöåö Ãóäøóåõ ãóÐúåóÈõ ÅöãóÇãöåö ÇáøóÐöí ÞóáøóÏóåõ.
æóÞóæúáõåõ: ÈöÛóíúÑö Úöáúãò ÊóÞóÏøóãó ÇáúÞóæúáõ Ýöí äóÙöíÑöåö ÂäöÝðÇ.
æóÞóæúáõåõ: Åöäøó Çááøóåó áóÇ íóåúÏöí ÇáúÞóæúãó ÇáÙøóÇáöãöíäó íóÌõæÒõ Ãóäú íóßõæäó ÊóÚúáöíáðÇ áößóæúäöåöãú ãöäú ÃóÙúáóãö ÇáäøóÇÓö¡ áöÃóäøó ãóÚúäóì ÇáÒøöíóÇÏóÉö Ýöí ÇáÙøõáúãö áóÇ íóÊóÍóÞøóÞõ ÅöáøóÇ ÅöÐóÇ ßóÇäó Ùõáúãõåõãú áóÇ ÅöÞúáóÇÚó Úóäúåõ¡ áöÃóäøó ÇáÖóáóÇáó íóÒúÏóÇÏõ ÑõÓõæÎðÇ Ýöí ÇáäøóÝúÓö ÈöÊóßóÑøõÑö ÃóÍúæóÇáöåö æóãóÙóÇåöÑöåö¡ áöÃóäøóåõãú áóãøóÇ ÊóÚóãøóÏõæÇ ÇáúÅöÖúáóÇáó Ãóæö ÇÊøóÈóÚõæÇ ãõÊóÚóãøöÏöíåö Úóäú ÊóÕóáøõÈò¡ Ýóåõãú ÈöãóÚúÒöáò Úóäú ÊóØóáøõÈö ÇáúåõÏóì æóÅöÚóÇÏóÉö ÇáäøóÙóÑö Ýöí ÍóÇáö ÃóäúÝõÓöåöãú¡ æóÐóáößó íõÛúÑöíåöãú(8-Ã/135)
Þõáú áóÇ ÃóÌöÏõ Ýöí ãóÇ ÃõæÍöíó Åöáóíøó ãõÍóÑøóãðÇ Úóáóì ØóÇÚöãò íóØúÚóãõåõ ÅöáøóÇ Ãóäú íóßõæäó ãóíúÊóÉð Ãóæú ÏóãðÇ ãóÓúÝõæÍðÇ Ãóæú áóÍúãó ÎöäúÒöíÑò ÝóÅöäøóåõ ÑöÌúÓñ Ãóæú ÝöÓúÞðÇ Ãõåöáøó áöÛóíúÑö Çááøóåö Èöåö Ýóãóäö ÇÖúØõÑøó ÛóíúÑó ÈóÇÛò æóáóÇ ÚóÇÏò ÝóÅöäøó ÑóÈøóßó ÛóÝõæÑñ ÑóÍöíãñ (145)
ÈöÇáöÇÒúÏöíóÇÏö æóÇáÊøóãóáøöí ãöäú Êöáúßó ÇáúÃóÍúæóÇáö¡ ÍóÊøóì ÊóÕöíÑó Ýöíåöãú ãóáößóÉð æóÓóÌöíøóÉð¡ ÝóíóÊóÚóÐøóÑõ ÅöÞúáóÇÚõåõãú ÚóäúåóÇ¡ ÝóÚóáóì åóÐóÇ Êóßõæäõ Åöäøó ãõÝöíÏóÉð ãóÚúäóì ÇáÊøóÚúáöíáö.
æóíóÌõæÒõ Ãóäú Êóßõæäó ÇáúÌõãúáóÉõ ÊóåúÏöíÏðÇ æóæóÚöíÏðÇ áóåõãú¡ Åöäú áóãú íõÞúáöÚõæÇ ÚóãøóÇ åõãú Ýöíåö¡ ÈöÃóäøó Çááøóåó íóÍúÑöãõåõãõ ÇáÊøóæúÝöíÞó æóíóÐóÑóåõãú Ýöí Ûóíøöåöãú æóÚóãóåöåöãú¡ ÝóÇááøóåõ åóÏóì ßóËöíÑðÇ ãöäó ÇáúãõÔúÑößöíäó åõãõ ÇáøóÐöíäó áóãú íóßõæäõæÇ ÈöåóÐöåö ÇáúãóËóÇÈóÉö Ýöí ÇáÔøöÑúßö¡ Ãóíú áóãú íóßõæäõæÇ ÞóÇÏóÉð æóáóÇ ãõÊóÕóáøöÈöíäó Ýöí ÔöÑúßöåöãú¡ æóÇáøóÐöíäó ßóÇäõæÇ ÈöåóÐöåö ÇáúãóËóÇÈóÉö åõãõ ÇáøóÐöíäó ÍóÑóãóåõãõ Çááøóåõ ÇáúåõÏóì¡ ãöËúáõ ÕóäóÇÏöíÏö ÞõÑóíúÔò ÃóÕúÍóÇÈö ÇáúÞóáöíÈö íóæúãó ÈóÏúÑò¡ ÝóÃóãøóÇ ÇáøóÐöíäó ÇÊøóÈóÚõæÇ ÇáúÅöÓúáóÇãó ÈöÇáúÞöÊóÇáö ãöËúáõ ãõÚúÙóãö Ãóåúáö ãóßøóÉó íóæúãó ÇáúÝóÊúÍö¡ æóßóÐóáößó åóæóÇÒöäó æóãóäú
ÈóÚúÏöåóÇ¡ ÝóåóÄõáóÇÁö ÃóÓúáóãõæÇ ãõÐúÚöäöíäó Ëõãøó ÚóáöãõæÇ Ãóäøó ÂáöåóÊóåõãú áóãú ÊõÛúäö Úóäúåõãú ÔóíúÆðÇ ÝóÍóÕóáó áóåõãõ ÇáúåõÏóì ÈóÚúÏó Ðóáößó¡ æóßóÇäõæÇ ãöäú ÎöíÑóÉö ÇáúãõÓúáöãöíäó æóäóÕóÑõæÇ Çááøóåó ÍóÞøó äóÕúÑöåö. ÝóÇáúãõÑóÇÏõ ãöäú äóÝúíö ÇáúåõÏóì Úóäúåõãú: ÅöãøóÇ äóÝúíõåõ Úóäú ÝóÑöíÞò ãöäó ÇáúãõÔúÑößöíäó¡ æóåõãõ ÇáøóÐöíäó ãóÇÊõæÇ Úóáóì ÇáÔøöÑúßö¡ æóÅöãøóÇ äóÝúíõ ÇáúåõÏóì ÇáúãóÍúÖö ÇáÏøóÇáøö Úóáóì ÕóÝóÇÁö ÇáäøóÝúÓö æóäõæÑö ÇáúÞóáúÈö¡ Ïõæäó ÇáúåõÏóì ÇáúÍóÇÕöáö ÈóÚúÏó ÇáÏøõÎõæáö Ýöí ÇáúÅöÓúáóÇãö¡ ÝóÐóáößó åõÏðì Ýöí ÇáÏøóÑóÌóÉö ÇáËøóÇäöíóÉö ßóãóÇ ÞóÇáó ÊóÚóÇáóì: áóÇ íóÓúÊóæöí ãöäúßõãú ãóäú ÃóäúÝóÞó ãöäú ÞóÈúáö ÇáúÝóÊúÍö æóÞÇÊóáó ÃõæáÆößó ÃóÚúÙóãõ ÏóÑóÌóÉð ãöäó ÇáøóÐöíäó ÃóäúÝóÞõæÇ ãöäú ÈóÚúÏõ æóÞÇÊóáõæÇ æóßõáøðÇ æóÚóÏó Çááøóåõ ÇáúÍõÓúäì [ÇáúÍóÏöíÏ: 10] .
[145]
[ÓõæÑóÉ ÇáúÃóäúÚóÇã (6) : ÂíóÉ 145]
Þõáú áóÇ ÃóÌöÏõ Ýöí ãóÇ ÃõæÍöíó Åöáóíøó ãõÍóÑøóãÇð Úóáì ØÇÚöãò íóØúÚóãõåõ ÅöáÇøó Ãóäú íóßõæäó ãóíúÊóÉð Ãóæú ÏóãÇð ãóÓúÝõæÍÇð Ãóæú áóÍúãó ÎöäÒöíÑò ÝóÅöäøóåõ ÑöÌúÓñ Ãóæú ÝöÓúÞÇð Ãõåöáøó áöÛóíúÑö Çááøóåö Èöåö Ýóãóäö ÇÖúØõÑøó ÛóíúÑó ÈÇÛò æóáÇ ÚÇÏò ÝóÅöäøó ÑóÈøóßó ÛóÝõæÑñ ÑóÍöíãñ (145)
ÇÓúÊöÆúäóÇÝñ ÈóíóÇäöíøñ äóÔóÃó Úóäú ÅöÈúØóÇáö ÊóÍúÑöíãö ãóÇ ÍóÑøóãóåõ ÇáúãõÔúÑößõæäó¡ ÅöÐú íóÊóæóÌøóåõ ÓõÄóÇáõ ÓóÇÆöáò ãöäó ÇáúãõÓúáöãöíäó Úóäö ÇáúãõÍóÑøóãóÇÊö ÇáËøóÇÈöÊóÉö¡ ÅöÐú ÃõÈúØöáóÊö ÇáúãõÍóÑøóãóÇÊõ ÇáúÈóÇØöáóÉõ¡(8-Ã/136)
ÝóáöÐóáößó ÎõæØöÈó ÇáÑøÓæá Õóáøóì Çááåõ Úóáóíúåö æóÓóáøóãó ÈöÈóíóÇäö ÇáúãõÍóÑøóãóÇÊö Ýöí ÔóÑöíÚóÉö ÇáúÅöÓúáóÇãö ÈóÚúÏó Ãóäú ÎõæØöÈó ÈöÈóíóÇäö ãóÇ áóíúÓó ÈöãõÍóÑøóãò ãöãøóÇ ÍóÑøóãóåõ ÇáúãõÔúÑößõæäó Ýöí Þóæúáöåö: Þõáú ÂáÐøóßóÑóíúäö ÍóÑøóãó Ãóãö ÇáúÃõäúËóíóíúäö [ÇáúÃóäúÚóÇã: 144] ÇáúÂíóÇÊö.
æóÇÝúÊõÊöÍó ÇáúßóáóÇãõ ÇáúãóÃúãõæÑõ ÈöÃóäú íóÞõæáóåõ ÈöÞóæúáöåö: áóÇ ÃóÌöÏõ ÅöÏúãóÇÌðÇ áöáÑøóÏøö Úóáóì ÇáúãõÔúÑößöíäó Ýöí ÎöáóÇáö ÈóíóÇäö ãóÇ ÍõÑøöãó Úóáóì ÇáúãõÓúáöãöíäó¡ æóåóÐóÇ ÇáÑøóÏøõ ÌóÇÑò Úóáóì ØóÑöíÞóÉö ßöäóÇíóÉö ÇáúÅöíãóÇÁö ÈöÃóäú áóãú íõäúÝó ÊóÍúÑöíãõ ãóÇ ÇÏøóÚóæúÇ ÊóÍúÑöíãóåõ ÕóÑöíÍðÇ¡ æóáóßöäøóåõ íóÞõæáõ áóÇ ÃóÌöÏõåõ ÝöíãóÇ ÃõæÍöíó Åöáóíøó æóíõÓúÊóÝóÇÏõ ãöäú Ðóáößó Ãóäøóåõ áóíúÓó ÊóÍúÑöíãõåõ ãöäó Çááøóåö Ýöí ÔóÑúÚöåö¡ áöÃóäøóåõ áóÇ ØóÑöíÞó Åöáóì ÊóÍúÑöíãö ÔóíúÁò ãöãøóÇ íóÊóäóÇæóáõåõ ÇáäøóÇÓõ ÅöáøóÇ ÈöÅöÚúáóÇãò ãöäó Çááøóåö ÊóÚóÇáóì¡ áöÃóäøó Çááøóåó åõæó ÇáøóÐöí íõÍöáøõ ãóÇ ÔóÇÁó æóíõÍóÑøöãõ ãóÇ ÔóÇÁó Úóáóì æóÝúÞö Úöáúãöåö æóÍößúãóÊöåö¡ æóÐóáößó ÇáúÅöÚúáóÇãõ áóÇ íóßõæäõ ÅöáøóÇ ÈöØóÑöíÞö ÇáúæóÍúíö Ãóæú ãóÇ íõÓúÊóäúÈóØõ ãöäúåõ¡ ÝóÅöÐóÇ ßóÇäó Íõßúãñ ÛóíúÑõ ãóæúÌõæÏò Ýöí ÇáúæóÍúíö æóáóÇ Ýöí ÝõÑõæÚöåö Ýóåõæó Íõßúãñ ÛóíúÑõ ÍóÞøò¡ ÝóÇÓúÊõÝöíÏó ÈõØúáóÇäõ ÊóÍúÑöíãö ãóÇ ÒóÚóãõæåõ ÈöØóÑöíÞóÉö ÇáúÅöíãóÇÁö¡ æóåöíó ØóÑöíÞóÉñ ÇÓúÊöÏúáóÇáöíøóÉñ áöÃóäøó ÝöíåóÇ äóÝúíó ÇáÔøóíúÁö ÈöäóÝúíö ãóáúÒõæãöåö.
æÃóÌöÏõ ÈöãóÚúäóì: ÃóÙúÝóÑõ¡ æóåõæó ÇáøóÐöí ãóÕúÏóÑõåõ ÇáúæóÌúÏõ æóÇáúæöÌúÏóÇäõ¡ æóåõæó åõäóÇ ãóÌóÇÒñ Ýöí ÍõÕõæáö ÇáÔøóíúÁö æóÈõáõæÛöåö¡ íõÞóÇáõ: æóÌóÏúÊõ ÝõáóÇäðÇ äóÇÕöÑðÇ¡ Ãóíú ÍóÕóáúÊõ Úóáóíúåö¡ ÝóÔóÈøóåó ÇáÊøóÍúÕöíáó áöáÔøóíúÁö ÈöÇáÙøóÝóÑö æóÅöáúÝóÇÁö ÇáúãóØúáõæÈö¡ æóåõæó ãõÊóÚóÏøò Åöáóì ãóÝúÚõæáò æóÇÍöÏò.
æóÇáúãõÑóÇÏõ¡ Èö ãóÇ ÃõæÍöíó ãóÇ ÃóÚúáóãóåõ Çááå ÑóÓõæáå Õóáøóì Çááåõ Úóáóíúåö æóÓóáøóãó ÈöæóÍúíò ÛóíúÑö ÇáúÞõÑúÂäö áöÃóäøó ÇáúÞõÑúÂäó ÇáäøóÇÒöáó
ÞóÈúáó åóÐöåö ÇáúÂíóÉö áóíúÓó Ýöíåö ÊóÍúÑöíãõ ÇáúãóíúÊóÉö æóÇáÏøóãö æóáóÍúãö ÇáúÎöäúÒöíÑö æóÅöäøóãóÇ äóÒóáó ÇáúÞõÑúÂäõ ÈöÊóÍúÑöíãö ãóÇ ÐõßöÑó Ýöí åóÐöåö ÇáúÂíóÉö Ëõãøó Ýöí ÓõæÑóÉö ÇáúãóÇÆöÏóÉö.
æóÇáØøóÇÚöãõ: ÇáúÂßöáõ¡ íõÞóÇáõ: ØóÚöãó ßóÚóáöãó¡ ÅöÐóÇ Ãóßóáó ÇáØøóÚóÇãó¡ æóáóÇ íõÞóÇáõ Ðóáößó áöáÔøóÇÑöÈö¡ æóÃóãøóÇ ØóÚöãó ÈöãóÚúäóì ÐóÇÞó ÝóíõÓúÊóÚúãóáõ Ýöí ÐóæúÞö ÇáúãóØúÚõæãóÇÊö æóÇáúãóÔúÑõæÈóÇÊö¡ æóÃóßúËóÑõ ÇÓúÊöÚúãóÇáöåö Ýöí ÇáäøóÝúíö¡ æóÊóÞóÏøóãó ÈóíóÇäõåõ ÚöäúÏó Þóæúáöåö ÊóÚóÇáóì:(8-Ã/137)
æóãóäú áóãú íóØúÚóãúåõ ÝóÅöäøóåõ ãöäøöí Ýöí ÓõæÑóÉö ÇáúÈóÞóÑóÉö [249] ¡ æóÈöÐóáößó Êóßõæäõ ÇáúÂíóÉõ ÞóÇÕöÑóÉð Úóáóì ÈóíóÇäö ãõÍóÑøóãö ÇáúãóÃúßõæáóÇÊö.
æóÞóæúáõåõ: íóØúÚóãõåõ ÕöÝóÉñ áö ØÇÚöãò æóåöíó ÕöÝóÉñ ãõÄóßøöÏóÉñ ãöËúáõ Þóæúáöåö: æóáÇ ØÇÆöÑò íóØöíÑõ ÈöÌóäÇÍóíúåö [ÇáúÃóäúÚóÇã: 38] .
æóÇáöÇÓúÊöËúäóÇÁõ ãöäú Úõãõæãö ÇáúÃóßúæóÇäö ÇáøóÊöí Ïóáøó ÚóáóíúåóÇ æõÞõæÚõ ÇáäøóßöÑóÉö Ýöí ÓöíóÇÞö ÇáäøóÝúíö. Ãóíú áóÇ ÃóÌöÏõ ßóÇÆöäðÇ ãõÍóÑøóãðÇ ÅöáøóÇ ßóæúäóåõ ãóíúÊóÉð ÅöáóÎú Ãóíú: ÅöáøóÇ ÇáúßóÇÆöäó ãóíúÊóÉð ÅöáóÎú¡ ÝóÇáöÇÓúÊöËúäóÇÁõ ãõÊøóÕöáñ.
æóÇáúÍóÕúÑõ ÇáúãõÓúÊóÝóÇÏ ãä ÇáäøÝí æóÇáöÇÓúÊöËúäóÇÁö ÍóÞöíÞöíøñ ÈöÍóÓóÈö æóÞúÊö äõÒõæáö åóÐöåö ÇáúÂíóÉö. Ýóáóãú íóßõäú íóæúãóÆöÐò ãöäú ãõÍóÑøóãóÇÊö ÇáúÃóßúáö ÛóíúÑó åóÐöåö ÇáúãóÐúßõæÑóÇÊö áöÃóäøó ÇáúÂíóÉó ãóßøöíøóÉñ Ëõãøó äóÒóáóÊú ÓõæÑóÉõ ÇáúãóÇÆöÏóÉö ÈöÇáúãóÏöíäóÉö ÝóÒöíÏó Ýöí ÇáúãõÍóÑøóãóÇÊö ßóãóÇ íóÃúÊöí ÞóÑöíÈðÇ.
æóÇáúãóÓúÝõæÍõ: ÇáúãóÕúÈõæÈõ ÇáÓøóÇÆöáõ¡ æóåõæó ãóÇ íóÎúÑõÌõ ãöäó ÇáúãóÐúÈóÍö æóÇáúãóäúÍóÑö. Ãóæú ãöäó ÇáúÝóÕúÏö Ýöí ÈóÚúÖö ÚõÑõæÞö ÇáúÃóÚúÖóÇÁö ÝóíóÓöíáõ. æóÞóÏú ßóÇäó ÇáúÚóÑóÈõ íóÃúßõáõæäó ÇáÏøóãó ÇáøóÐöí íóÓöíáõ ãöäú ÃóæúÏóÇÌö ÇáÐøóÈöíÍóÉö Ãóæú ãöäú ãóäúÍóÑö ÇáúãóäúÍõæÑóÉö æóíóÌúãóÚõæäóåõ Ýöí ãóÕöíÑò Ãóæú ÌöáúÏò æóíõÌóÝøöÝõæäóåõ Ëõãøó íóÔúæõæäóåõ¡ æóÑõÈøóãóÇ ÝóÕóÏõæÇ ãöäú ÞóæóÇÆöãö ÇáúÅöÈöáö ãõÝóÕøóÏðÇ ÝóÃóÎóÐõæÇ ãóÇ íóÍúÊóÇÌõæäó ãöäó ÇáÏøóãö ÈöÏõæäö Ãóäú íóåúáößó ÇáúÈóÚöíÑõ¡ æóÑõÈøóãóÇ ÎóáóØõæÇ ÇáÏøóãó ÈöÇáúæóÈóÑö æóíõÓóãøõæäóåõ (ÇáúÚöáúåöÒó) ¡ æóÐóáößó Ýöí ÇáúãóÌóÇÚóÇÊö. æóÊóÞúíöíÏõ ÇáÏøóãö ÈöÇáúãóÓúÝõæÍö áöáÊøóäúÈöíåö Úóáóì ÇáúÚóÝúæö Úóäö ÇáÏøóãö ÇáøóÐöí íóäöÒøõ ãöäú ÚõÑõæÞö ÇááøóÍúãö ÚöäúÏó ØóÈúÎöåö ÝóÅöäøóåõ áóÇ íõãúßöäõ ÇáöÇÍúÊöÑóÇÒõ Úóäúåõ.
æóÞóæúáõåõ: ÝóÅöäøóåõ ÑöÌúÓñ ÌõãúáóÉñ ãõÚúÊóÑöÖóÉñ Èóíúäó ÇáúãóÚúØõæÝóÇÊö¡ æóÇáÖøóãöíÑõ Þöíáó: ÚóÇÆöÏñ Åöáóì áóÍúãö ÇáúÎöäúÒöíÑö¡ æóÇáúÃóÙúåóÑõ Ãóäú íóÚõæÏó Åöáóì ÌóãöíÚö ãóÇ ÞóÈúáóåõ¡ æóÅöäøó ÅöÝúÑóÇÏó ÇáÖøóãöíÑö Úóáóì ÊóÃúæöíáöåö ÈöÇáúãóÐúßõæÑö¡ Ãóíú ÝóÅöäøó ÇáúãóÐúßõæÑó ÑöÌúÓñ¡ ßóãóÇ íõÝúÑóÏõ ÇÓúãõ ÇáúÅöÔóÇÑóÉö ãöËúáõ Þóæúáöåö: æóãóäú íóÝúÚóáú Ðáößó íóáúÞó ÃóËÇãÇð [ÇáúÝÑúÞóÇä: 68] .(8-Ã/138)
æóÇáÑøöÌúÓõ: ÇáúÎóÈöíËõ æóÇáúÞóÐóÑõ. æóÞóÏú ãóÖóì ÈóíóÇäõåõ ÚöäúÏó Þóæúáöåö ÊóÚóÇáóì: ßóÐáößó íóÌúÚóáõ Çááøóåõ ÇáÑøöÌúÓó Úóáóì ÇáøóÐöíäó áóÇ íõÄúãöäõæäó Ýöí åóÐöåö ÇáÓøõæÑóÉö [125] .
ÝóÅöäú ßóÇäó ÇáÖøóãöíÑõ ÚóÇÆöÏðÇ Åöáóì áóÍúãö ÇáúÎöäúÒöíÑö ÎóÇÕøóÉð ÝóæóÕúÝõåõ ÈöÑöÌúÓò ÊóäúÈöíåñ Úóáóì Ðóãøöåö. æóåõæó
Ðóãøñ ÒóÇÆöÏñ Úóáóì ÇáÊøóÍúÑöíãö¡ ÝóæóÕúÝõåõ Èöåö ÊóÍúÐöíÑñ ãöäú ÊóäóÇæõáöåö. æóÊóÃúäöíÓñ áöáúãõÓúáöãöíäó ÈöÊóÍúÑöíãöåö¡ áöÃóäøó ãõÚúÙóãó ÇáúÚóÑóÈö ßóÇäõæÇ íóÃúßõáõæäó áóÍúãó ÇáúÎöäúÒöíÑö ÈöÎöáóÇÝö ÇáúãóíúÊóÉö æóÇáÏøóãö ÝóãóÇ íóÃúßõáõæäóåóÇ ÅöáøóÇ Ýöí ÇáúÎóÕóÇÕóÉö.
æóÎóÈóÇËóÉõ ÇáúÎöäúÒöíÑö ÚóáöãóåóÇ Çááøóåõ ÊóÚóÇáóì ÇáøóÐöí ÎóáóÞóåõ. æóÊóÈóíøóäó ÃóÎöíÑðÇ Ãóäøó áóÍúãóåõ íóÔúÊóãöáõ Úóáóì ÐóÑøóÇÊò ÍóíóæóÇäöíøóÉò ãõÖöÑøóÉò áöÂßöáöåö ÃóËúÈóÊóåóÇ Úöáúãõ ÇáúÍóíóæóÇäö æóÚöáúãõ ÇáØøöÈøö. æóÞöíáó: ÃõÑöíÏó Ãóäøóåõ äóÌöÓñ áöÃóäøóåõ íóÃúßõáõ ÇáäøóÌóÇÓóÇÊö æóåóÐóÇ áóÇ íóÓúÊóÞöíãõ áöÃóäøó ÈóÚúÖó ÇáÏøóæóÇÈøö ÊóÃúßõáõ ÇáäøóÌóÇÓóÉö æóÊõÓóãøóì ÇáúÌóáøóÇáóÉó æóáóíúÓóÊú ãõÍóÑøóãóÉó ÇáúÃóßúáö Ýöí ÕóÍöíÍö ÃóÞúæóÇáö ÇáúÚõáóãóÇÁö.
æóÅöäú ßóÇäó ÇáÖøóãöíÑõ ÚóÇÆöÏðÇ Åöáóì ÇáËøóáóÇËóÉö ÈöÊóÃúæöíáö ÇáúãóÐúßõæÑö ßóÇäó Þóæúáõåõ: ÝóÅöäøóåõ ÑöÌúÓñ ÊóäúÈöíåðÇ Úóáóì ÚöáøóÉö ÇáÊøóÍúÑöíãö æóÃóäøóåóÇ áöÏóÝúÚö ãóÝúÓóÏóÉò ÊóÍúÕõáõ ãóäú Ãóßúáö åóÐöåö ÇáúÃóÔúíóÇÁó. æóåöíó ãóÝúÓóÏóÉñ ÈóÏóäöíøóÉñ. ÝóÃóãøóÇ ÇáúãóíúÊóÉõ ÝóáöãóÇ íóÊóÍóæøóáõ Åöáóíúåö ÌöÓúãõ ÇáúÍóíóæóÇäö ÈóÚúÏó ÇáúãóæúÊö ãöäó ÇáÊøóÚóÝøõäö¡ æóáöÃóäøó ÇáúãóÑóÖó ÇáøóÐöí ßóÇäó ÓóÈóÈõ ãóæúÊöåö ÞóÏú íóäúÊóÞöáõ Åöáóì Âßöáöåö. æóÃóãøóÇ ÇáÏøóãõ ÝóáöÃóäøó Ýöíåö ÃóÌúÒóÇÁð ãõÖöÑøóÉð. æóáöÃóäøó ÔõÑúÈóåõ íõæÑöËõ ÖóÑóÇæóÉð.
æóÇáúÝöÓúÞõ: ÇáúÎõÑõæÌõ Úóäú ÔóíúÁò. æóåõæó ÍóÞöíÞóÉñ ÔóÑúÚöíøóÉñ Ýöí ÇáúÎõÑõæÌö Úóäö ÇáúÅöíãóÇäö¡ Ãóæö Úóä ÇáØøóÇÚóÉö ÇáÔøóÑúÚöíøóÉö¡ ÝóáöÐóáößó íõæÕóÝõ Èöåö ÇáúÝöÚúáõ ÇáúÍóÑóÇãõ ÈöÇÚúÊöÈóÇÑö ßóæúäöåö ÓóÈóÈðÇ áöÝöÓúÞö ÕóÇÍöÈöåö Úóäö ÇáØøóÇÚóÉö. æóÞóÏú Óóãóì ÇáúÞõÑúÂäõ ãóÇ Ãõåøöáó Èöåö áöÛóíúÑö Çááøóåö ÝöÓúÞðÇ Ýöí ÇáúÂíóÉö ÇáÓøóÇáöÝóÉö æóÝöí åóÐöåö ÇáúÂíóÉö¡ ÝóÕóÇÑó æóÕúÝðÇ ãóÔúåõæÑðÇ áöãóÇ Ãõåöáøó Èöåö áöÛóíúÑö Çááøóåö¡ æóáöÐóáößó ÃóÊúÈóÚóåõ ÈöÞóæúáöåö: Ãõåöáøó áöÛóíúÑö Çááøóåö Èöåö. ÝóÊóßõæäõ ÌõãúáóÉõ: Ãõåöáøó áöÛóíúÑö Çááøóåö Èöåö ÕöÝóÉð Ãóæú ÈóíóÇäðÇ áö ÝöÓúÞÇð¡ æóÝöí åóÐóÇ ÊóäúÈöíåñ Úóáóì Ãóäøó ÊóÍúÑöíãó ãóÇ Ãõåöáøó áöÛóíúÑö Çááøóåö Èöåö áóíúÓó áöÃóäøó áóÍúãõåõ ãõÖöÑøñ Èóáú áöÃóäøó Ðóáößó ßõÝúÑñ ÈöÇááøóåö.
æóÞóÏú ÏóáøóÊö ÇáúÂíóÉõ Úóáóì ÇäúÍöÕóÇÑö ÇáúãõÍóÑøóãóÇÊö ãöäó ÇáúÍóíóæóÇäö Ýöí åóÐöåö ÇáúÃóÑúÈóÚóÉö¡ æóÐóáößó ÇáöÇäúÍöÕóÇÑõ ÈöÍóÓóÈö ãóÇ ßóÇäó ãõÍóÑøóãðÇ íóæúãó äõÒõæáö åóÐöåö ÇáúÂíóÉö¡ ÝóÅöäøóåõ áóãú(8-Ã/139)
íõÍóÑøóãú ÈöãóßøóÉó ÛóíúÑöåóÇ ãöäú áóÍúãö ÇáúÍóíóæóÇäö ÇáøóÐöí íóÃúßõáõæäóåõ¡ æóåóÐöå ÇáÓøæÑÉ ãóßøöíøóÉñ ßõáøõåóÇ Úóáóì ÇáÕøóÍöíÍö¡ Ëõãøó ÍóÑøóãó ÈöÇáúãóÏöíäóÉö ÃóÔúíóÇÁó ÃõÎúÑóì¡ æóåöíó: ÇáúãõäúÎóäöÞóÉõ æóÇáúãóæúÞõæÐóÉõ æóÇáúãõÊóÑóÏøöíóÉõ æóÇáäøóØöíÍóÉõ æóÃóßöíáóÉõ ÇáÓøóÈõÚö ÈöÂíóÉö ÓõæÑóÉö ÇáúÚõÞõæÏö [3] .
æóÍóÑøóãó áóÍúãó ÇáúÍõãõÑö ÇáúÅöäúÓöíøóÉö ÈöÃóãúÑ ÇáäøÈíÁ Õóáøóì Çááåõ Úóáóíúåö æóÓóáøóãó Úóáóì ÇÎúÊöáóÇÝò Èóíúäó ÇáúÚõáóãóÇÁö Ýöí Ãóäøó ÊóÍúÑöíãóåõ áöÐóÇÊöåö ßóÇáúÎöäúÒöíÑö¡ Ãóæú áößóæúäöåóÇ íóæúãóÆöÐò ÍóãõæáóÉó ÌóíúÔö ÎóíúÈóÑó¡ æóÝöí Ãóäøó ÊóÍúÑöíãóåõ ÚöäúÏó ÇáúÞóÇÆöáöíäó ÈöÃóäøóåõ áöÐóÇÊöåö ãõÓúÊóãöÑøñ Ãóæú ãóäúÓõæÎñ¡ æóÇáúãóÓúÃóáóÉõ áóíúÓóÊú ãöäú ÛóÑóÖö ÇáÊøóÝúÓöíÑö ÝóáóÇ ÍóÇÌóÉó ÈöäóÇ Åöáóì ãóÇ ÊóßóáøóÝõæåõ ãöäú ÊóÃúæöíáö ÍóÕúÑö åóÐöåö ÇáúÂíóÉö ÇáúãõÍóÑøóãóÇÊö Ýöí ÇáúÃóÑúÈóÚóÉö. æóßóÐóáößó ãóÓúÃóáóÉõ ÊóÍúÑöíãö áóÍúãö ßõáøö Ðöí äóÇÈò ãöäó ÇáÓøöÈóÇÚö æóáóÍúãö ÓöÈóÇÚö ÇáØøóíúÑö æóÞóÏú ÈóÓóØóåóÇ ÇáúÞõÑúØõÈöíøõ æóÊóÞóÏøóãó ãóÚúäóì: Ãõåöáøó áöÛóíúÑö Çááøóåö Èöåö Ýöí ÊóÝúÓöíÑ ÓõæÑóÉö ÇáúãóÇÆöÏóÉö [3] .
æóÞóÑóÃó ÇáúÌõãúåõæÑõ: ÅöáøóÇ Ãóäú íóßõæäó- ÈöíóÇÁò ÊóÍúÊöíøóÉò æóäóÕúÈö ãóíúÊóÉð æóãóÇ ÚõØöÝó ÚóáóíúåóÇ-
æóÞóÑóÃóåõ ÇÈúäõ ßóËöíÑò¡ æóÇÈúäõ ÚóÇãöÑò¡ æóÍóãúÒóÉõ- ÈöÊóÇÁò ÝóæúÞöíøóÉò æóäóÕúÈö ãóíúÊóÉð æóãóÇ ÚõØöÝó Úóáóíúåö- ÚöäúÏó ãóäú ÚóÏóÇ ÇÈúäö ÚóÇãöÑò. æóÞóÑóÃóåõ ÇÈúäõ ÚóÇãöÑò æóÃóÈõæ ÌóÚúÝóÑò- ÈöÊóÇÁò ÝóæúÞöíøóÉò æóÑóÝúÚö ãóíúÊóÉð- æóíõÔúßóáõ Úóáóì åóÐöåö ÇáúÞöÑóÇÁóÉö Ãóäøó ÇáúãóÚúØõæÝó Úóáóì ãóíúÊóÉð ãóäúÕõæÈóÇÊñ æóåöíó: Ãóæú ÏóãÇð ãóÓúÝõæÍÇð Ãóæú áóÍúãó ÎöäÒöíÑò ÝóÅöäøóåõ ÑöÌúÓñ Ãóæú ÝöÓúÞÇð Ãõåöáøó áöÛóíúÑö Çááøóåö Èöåö. æóáóãú íõÚóÑøöÌú ÚóáóíúåóÇ ÕóÇÍöÈõ «ÇáúßóÔøóÇÝö» ¡ æóÞóÏú ÎõÑøöÌóÊú åóÐöåö ÇáúÞöÑóÇÁóÉõ Úóáóì Ãóäú íóßõæäó: Ãóæú ÏóãÇð ãóÓúÝõæÍÇð ÚóØúÝðÇ Úóáóì Ãóäú æóÕöáóÊöåóÇ áöÃóäøóåõ ãóÍóáøõ äóÕúÈò ÈöÇáöÇÓúÊöËúäóÇÁö ÝóÇáÊøóÞúÏöíÑõ: ÅöáøóÇ æõÌõæÏó ãóíúÊóÉò¡ ÝóáóãøóÇ ÚóÈøóÑó Úóäö ÇáúæõÌõæÏö ÈöÝöÚúáö íóßõæäó ÇáÊøóÇãøö ÇÑúÊóÝóÚó ãóÇ ßóÇäó ãõÖóÇÝðÇ Åöáóíúåö.
æóÞóæúáõåõ: Ýóãóäö ÇÖúØõÑøó ÛóíúÑó ÈÇÛò æóáÇ ÚÇÏò ÊóÞóÏøóãó ÇáúÞóæúáõ Ýöí äóÙöíÑöåö Ýöí ÓõæÑóÉö ÇáúÈóÞóÑóÉö [173] Ýöí Þóæúáöåö: Ýóãóäö ÇÖúØõÑøó ÛóíúÑó ÈÇÛò æóáÇ ÚÇÏò ÝóáÇ ÅöËúãó Úóáóíúåö.
æóÅöäøóãóÇ ÌóÇÁó ÇáúãõÓúäóÏõ Åöáóíúåö Ýöí ÌõãúáóÉö ÇáúÌóÒóÇÁö æóåõæó ÑóÈøóßó ãõÚóÑøóÝðÇ ÈöÇáúÅöÖóÇÝóÉö Ïõæäó ÇáúÚóáóãöíøóÉö ßóãóÇ Ýöí ÂíóÉö ÓõæÑóÉö ÇáúÈóÞóÑóÉö [192] : ÝóÅöäøó Çááøóåó ÛóÝõæÑñ ÑóÍöíãñ áöãóÇ íõÄúÐöäõ Èöåö áóÝúÙõ ÇáÑøóÈøö ãöäó ÇáÑøóÃúÝóÉö æóÇááøõØúÝö ÈöÇáúãóÑúÈõæÈö æóÇáúæöáóÇíóÉö¡ ÊóäúÈöíåðÇ Úóáóì Ãóäøó Çááøóåó ÌóÚóáó åóÐöåö ÇáÑøõÎúÕóÉó(8-Ã/140)
æóÚóáóì ÇáøóÐöíäó åóÇÏõæÇ ÍóÑøóãúäóÇ ßõáøó Ðöí ÙõÝõÑò æóãöäó ÇáúÈóÞóÑö æóÇáúÛóäóãö ÍóÑøóãúäóÇ Úóáóíúåöãú ÔõÍõæãóåõãóÇ ÅöáøóÇ ãóÇ ÍóãóáóÊú ÙõåõæÑõåõãóÇ Ãóæö ÇáúÍóæóÇíóÇ Ãóæú ãóÇ ÇÎúÊóáóØó ÈöÚóÙúãò Ðóáößó ÌóÒóíúäóÇåõãú ÈöÈóÛúíöåöãú æóÅöäøóÇ áóÕóÇÏöÞõæäó (146)
áöáúãõÓúáöãöíäó ÇáøóÐöíäó ÚóÈóÏõæåõ æóáóãú íõÔúÑößõæÇ Èöåö¡ æóÃóäøóåõ ÃóÚúÑóÖó Úóäö ÇáúãõÔúÑößöíäó ÇáøóÐöíäó ÃóÔúÑóßõæÇ ãóÚóåõ ÛóíúÑóåõ áöÃóäøó ÇáúÅöÖóÇÝóÉó ÊõÔúÚöÑõ ÈöÇáöÇÎúÊöÕóÇÕö¡ áöÃóäøóåóÇ Úóáóì ÊóÞúÏöíÑö áóÇãö ÇáöÇÎúÊöÕóÇÕö¡ ÝóáóãøóÇ ÚóÈøóÑó Úóäö ÇáúÛóÝõæÑö ÊóÚóÇáóì ÈÃäøå ÑÈø ÇáäøÈíø Úóáóíúåö ÇáÕøóáóÇÉõ æóÇáÓøóáóÇãõ Úõáöãó Ãóäøóåõ ÑóÈøõ ÇáøóÐöíäó ÇÊøóÈóÚõæåõ¡ æóÃóäøóåõ áóíúÓó ÑóÈøõ ÇáúãõÔúÑößöíäó ÈöÇÚúÊöÈóÇÑö ãóÇ Ýöí ãóÚúäóì ÇáÑøóÈøö ãöäó ÇáúæöáóÇíóÉö¡ Ýóåõæó Ýöí ãóÚúäóì Þóæúáöåö ÊóÚóÇáóì: Ðáößó ÈöÃóäøó Çááøóåó ãóæúáóì ÇáøóÐöíäó ÂãóäõæÇ æóÃóäøó ÇáúßÇÝöÑöíäó áóÇ ãóæúáì áóåõãú [ãõÍóãøóÏ: 11] Ãóíú áóÇ ãóæúáóì íõÚóÇãöáõåõãú ÈöÂËóÇÑö ÇáúæöáóÇíóÉö æóÔöÚóÇÑöåóÇ¡ Ðóáößó áöÃóäøó åóÐöåö ÇáúÂíóÉó æóÞóÚóÊú Ýöí ÓöíóÇÞö ÍöÌóÇÌö ÇáúãõÔúÑößöíäó ÈöÎöáóÇÝö ÂíóÉö ÇáúÈóÞóÑóÉö [172] ÝóÅöäøóåóÇ ãõÝúÊóÊóÍóÉñ ÈöÞóæúáöåö: íóÇ ÃóíøõåóÇ ÇáøóÐöíäó ÂãóäõæÇ ßõáõæÇ ãöäú ØóíøöÈÇÊö ãóÇ ÑóÒóÞúäÇßõãú.
æóÇáúÅöÎúÈóÇÑõ ÈöÃóäøóåõ ÛóÝõæÑñ ÑóÍöíãñ¡ ãóÚó ßóæúäö Ðóáößó ãóÚúáõæãðÇ ãöäú ãóæóÇÖöÚó ßóËöíÑóÉò¡ åõæó åõäóÇ ßöäóÇíóÉñ Úóäö ÇáúÅöÐúäö Ýöí ÊóäóÇæõáö Êöáúßó ÇáúãõÍóÑøóãóÇÊö ÚöäúÏó ÇáöÇÖúØöÑóÇÑö æóÑóÝúÚö ÍóÑóÌö ÇáÊøóÍúÑöíãö ÚóäúåóÇ ÍöíäóÆöÐò Ýóåõæó Ýöí ãóÚúäóì Þóæúáöåö Ýöí ÓõæÑóÉö ÇáúÈóÞóÑóÉö [182] : ÝóáÇ ÅöËúãó Úóáóíúåö Åöäøó Çááøóåó ÛóÝõæÑñ ÑóÍöíãñ.
[146]
[ÓõæÑóÉ ÇáúÃóäúÚóÇã (6) : ÂíóÉ 146]
æóÚóáóì ÇáøóÐöíäó åÇÏõæÇ ÍóÑøóãúäÇ ßõáøó Ðöí ÙõÝõÑò æóãöäó ÇáúÈóÞóÑö æóÇáúÛóäóãö ÍóÑøóãúäÇ Úóáóíúåöãú ÔõÍõæãóåõãÇ ÅöáÇøó ãóÇ ÍóãóáóÊú ÙõåõæÑõåõãÇ Ãóæö ÇáúÍóæÇíÇ Ãóæú ãóÇ ÇÎúÊóáóØó ÈöÚóÙúãò Ðáößó ÌóÒóíúäÇåõãú ÈöÈóÛúíöåöãú æóÅöäøóÇ áóÕÇÏöÞõæäó (146)
ÌõãúáóÉõ: æóÚóáóì ÇáøóÐöíäó åÇÏõæÇ ÍóÑøóãúäÇ ÚóØúÝñ Úóáóì ÌãáóÉ: Þõáú [ÇáúÃóäúÚóÇã: 145] ÚóØúÝõ
ÎóÈóÑò Úóáóì ÅöäúÔóÇÁò¡ Ãóíú Èóíøöäú áóåõãú ãóÇ ÍõÑøöãó Ýöí ÇáúÅöÓúáóÇãö¡ æóÇÐúßõÑó áóåõãú ãóÇ ÍóÑøóãúäóÇ Úóáóì ÇáøóÐöíäó åóÇÏóæúÇ ÞóÈúáó ÇáúÅöÓúáóÇãö¡ æóÇáúãõäóÇÓóÈóÉõ Ãóäøó Çááøóåó áóãøóÇ ÃóãÑ äÈíøå Úóáóíúåö ÇáÕøóáóÇÉ æóÇáÓøóáóÇã Ãóäú íõÈóíøöäó ãóÇ ÍóÑøóãó Çááøóåõ Ãóßúáóåõ ãöäó ÇáúÍóíóæóÇäö¡ æóßóÇäó Ýöí ÎöáóÇáö Ðóáößó ÊóäúÈöíåñ Úóáóì Ãóäøó ãóÇ ÍóÑøóãóåõ Çááøóåõ ÎóÈöíËñ ÈóÚúÖõåõ áóÇ íóÕúáõÍõ Ãóßúáõåõ ÈöÇáúÃóÌúÓóÇÏö ÇáøóÐöí ÞóÇáó Ýöíåö ÝóÅöäøóåõ ÑöÌúÓñ [ÇáúÃóäúÚóÇã: 145] ¡ æóãöäúåõ(8-Ã/141)
ãóÇ áóÇ íõáóÇÞöí æóÇÌöÈó ÔõßúÑö ÇáúÎóÇáöÞö æóåõæó ÇáøóÐöí ÞóÇáó Ýöíåö: Ãóæú ÝöÓúÞÇð Ãõåöáøó áöÛóíúÑö Çááøóåö Èöåö [ÇáúÃóäúÚóÇã: 145] ÃóÚúÞóÈó Ðóáößó ÈöÐößúÑö ãóÇ ÍóÑøóãóåõ Úóáóì Èóäöí ÅöÓúÑóÇÆöíáó ÊóÍúÑöíãðÇ ÎóÇÕøðÇ áöÍößúãóÉò ÎÇÕøÉ ÈÃÍæÇáåã¡ æãæÞøÊÉ Åöáóì ãóÌöíÁö ÇáÔøóÑöíÚóÉö ÇáúÎóÇÊöãóÉö. æóÇáúãóÞúÕõæÏõ ãöäú ÐößúÑö åóÐóÇ ÇáúÃóÎöíÑö: Ãóäú íóÙúåóÑó áöáúãõÔúÑößöíäó Ãóäøó ãóÇ ÍóÑøóãõæåõ áóíúÓó ãöäú ÊóÔúÑöíÚö Çááøóåö Ýöí ÇáúÍóÇáö æóáóÇ ÝöíãóÇ ãóÖóì¡ Ýóåõæó ÖóáóÇáñ ÈóÍúÊñ. æóÊóÞúÏöíãõ ÇáúãóÌúÑõæÑö Úóáóì ãõÊóÚóáøóÞöåö Ýöí Þóæúáöåö:
æóÚóáóì ÇáøóÐöíäó åÇÏõæÇ ÍóÑøóãúäÇ áöÅöÝóÇÏóÉö ÇáöÇÎúÊöÕóÇÕö¡ Ãóíú Úóáóíúåöãú áóÇ Úóáóì ÛóíúÑöåöãú ãöäó ÇáúÃõãóãö.
æóÇáÙøõÝõÑõ: ÇáúÚóÙúãõ ÇáøóÐöí ÊóÍúÊó ÇáúÌöáúÏö Ýöí ãõäúÊóåóì ÃóÕóÇÈöÚö ÇáúÅöäúÓóÇäö æóÇáúÍóíóæóÇäö æóÇáúãóÎóÇáöÈö¡ æóåõæó íõÞóÇÈöáõ ÇáúÍóÇÝöÑó æóÇáÙøöáúÝó æóíóßõæäõ áöáúÅöÈöáö æóÇáÓøóÈõÚö æóÇáúßóáúÈö æóÇáúåöÑøö æóÇáúÃóÑúäóÈö æóÇáúæóÈóÑö æóäóÍúæöåóÇ ÝóåóÐöåö ãõÍóÑøóãóÉñ Úóáóì ÇáúíóåõæÏö ÈöäóÕøö ÔóÑöíÚóÉö ãõæÓóì Úóáóíúåö ÇáÓøóáóÇãõ ÝóÝöí ÇáúÅöÕúÍóÇÍö ÇáÑøóÇÈöÚó ÚóÔóÑó ãöäú ÓöÝúÑö ÇáÊøóËúäöíóÉö: «ÇáúÌóãóáõ æóÇáúÃóÑúäóÈõ æóÇáúæóÈóÑõ ÝóáóÇ ÊóÃúßõáõæåóÇ» .
æóÇáÔøõÍõæãõ: ÌóãúÚõ ÔóÍúãò¡ æóåõæó ÇáúãóÇÏøóÉõ ÇáÏøõåúäöíøóÉõ ÇáøóÊöí Êóßõæäõ ãóÚó ÇááøóÍúãö Ýöí ÌóÓóÏö ÇáúÍóíóæóÇäö¡ æóÞóÏú ÃóÈóÇÍó Çááøóåõ áöáúíóåõæÏö Ãóßúáó áõÍõæãö ÇáúÈóÞóÑö æóÇáúÛóäóãö æóÍÑã Úóáóíúåöã ÔÍæãåãÇ ÅöáøóÇ ãóÇ ßóÇäó Ýöí ÇáÙøóåúÑö.
æÇáúÍóæÇíÇ ãóÚúØõæÝñ Úóáóì ÙõåõæÑõåõãÇ. ÝóÇáúãóÞúÕõæÏõ ÇáúÚóØúÝõ Úóáóì ÇáúãõÈóÇÍö áóÇ Úóáóì ÇáúãõÍóÑøóãö¡ Ãóíú: Ãóæú ãóÇ ÍóãóáóÊö ÇáúÍóæóÇíóÇ¡ æóåöíó ÌóãúÚõ ÍóæöíøóÉò¡ æóåöíó ÇáúÃóßúíóÇÓõ ÇáÔøóÍúãöíøóÉõ ÇáøóÊöí ÊóÍúæöí ÇáúÃóãúÚóÇÁó.
Ãóæú ãóÇ ÇÎúÊóáóØó ÈöÚóÙúãò åõæó ÇáÔøóÍúãõ ÇáøóÐöí íóßõæäõ ãõáúÊóÝøðÇ Úóáóì ÚóÙúãö ÇáúÍóíóæóÇäö ãöäó ÇáÓøóãúäö Ýóåõæó ãóÚúÝõæøñ Úóäúåõ áöÚõÓúÑö ÊóÌúÑöíÏöåö Úóäú ÚóÙúãöåö.
æóÇáÙøóÇåöÑõ Ãóäøó åóÐöåö ÇáÔøõÍõæãó ßóÇäóÊú ãõÍóÑøóãóÉð Úóáóíúåöãú ÈöÔóÑöíÚóÉö ãõæÓóì Úóáóíúåö ÇáÓøáÇã¡ Ýóåöíó ÛíÑ ÇáúãõÍóÑøóãóÇÊõ ÇáøóÊöí ÃóÌúãóáóÊúåóÇ ÂíóÉõ ÓõæÑóÉö ÇáäøöÓóÇÁö(8-Ã/142)
ÈöÞóæúáöåö ÊóÚóÇáóì: ÝóÈöÙõáúãò ãöäó ÇáøóÐöíäó åÇÏõæÇ ÍóÑøóãúäÇ Úóáóíúåöãú ØóíøöÈÇÊò ÃõÍöáøóÊú áóåõãú¡ ßóãóÇ ÃóÔóÑúäóÇ Åöáóíúåö åõäóÇáößó áöÃóäøó ÇáúÌóÑóÇÆöãó ÇáøóÊöí ÚõÏøóÊú Úóáóíúåöãú åõäóÇáößó ßõáøóåóÇ ãöãøóÇ ÃóÍúÏóËõæåõ ÈóÚúÏó ãõæÓóì Úóáóíúåö ÇáÓøóáóÇãõ. ÝóÞóæúáõåõ ÊóÚóÇáóì: Ðáößó ÌóÒóíúäÇåõãú ÈöÈóÛúíöåöãú íõÑóÇÏõ ãöäúåõ ÇáúÈóÛúíõ ÇáøóÐöí ÃóÍúÏóËõæåõ Òóãóäó ãõæÓóì. Ýöí ãõÏøóÉö ÇáÊøöíåö¡ ãöãøóÇ ÃóÎúÈóÑó Çááøóåõ Èöåö Úóäúåõãú: ãöËúáõ Þóæúáöåöãú: áóäú äóÕúÈöÑó Úóáì ØóÚÇãò æÇÍöÏò [ÇáúÈóÞóÑóÉ: 61] æóÞóæúáöåöãú: ÝóÇÐúåóÈú ÃóäúÊó æóÑóÈøõßó ÝóÞÇÊöáÇ [ÇáúãóÇÆöÏóÉ: 24] æóÚöÈóÇÏóÊöåöãö ÇáúÚöÌúáó. æóÞóÏú ÚõÏøó Úóáóíúåöãú ßóËöíÑñ ãöäú Ðóáößó Ýöí ÓõæÑóÉö ÇáúÈóÞóÑóÉö.
æóãõäóÇÓóÈóÉõ ÊóÍúÑöíãö åóÐöåö ÇáúãõÍóÑøóãóÇÊö áöáúßóæúäö ÌóÒóÇÁð áöÈóÛúíöåöãú: Ãóäøó ÈóÛúíóåõãú äóÔóÃó Úóäú ÕóáóÇÈóÉö äõÝõæÓöåöãú æóÊóÛóáøõÈö ÇáúÞõæøóÉö ÇáúÍóíóæóÇäöíøóÉö Ýöíåöãú Úóáóì ÇáúÞõæøóÉö ÇáúãóáóßöíøóÉö¡ ÝóáóÚóáøó Çááøóåó ÍóÑøóãó Úóáóíúåöãú åóÐöåö ÇáúÃõãõæÑó ÊóÎúÝöíÝðÇ ãöäú ÕóáóÇÈóÊöåöãú¡ æóÝöí Ðóáößó ÅöÙúåóÇÑõ ãöäøóÊóåö Úóáóì ÇáúãõÓúáöãöíäó ÈöÅöÈóÇÍóÉö ÌóãöíÚö ÇáúÍóíóæóÇäö áóåõãú ÅöáøóÇ ãóÇ ÍóÑøóãóåõ ÇáúÞõÑúÂäõ æóÍóÑøóãóÊúåõ ÇáÓøõäøóÉõ ãöãøóÇ áóãú íÎúÊóáÝ Ýöíåö ÇáúÚõáóãóÇÁõ æóãóÇ ÇÎúÊóáóÝõæÇ Ýöíåö.
æóáóãú íóÐúßõÑö Çááøóåõ ÊóÍúÑöíãó áóÍúãö ÇáúÎöäúÒöíÑö¡ ãóÚó Ãóäøóåõ ãöãøóÇ Ôóãöáóåõ äóÕøõ ÇáÊøóæúÑóÇÉö¡ áöÃóäøóåõ ÅöäøóãóÇ ÐóßóÑó åõäóÇ ãóÇ ÎõÕøõæÇ ÈöÊóÍúÑöíãöåö ãöãøóÇ áóãú íõÍóÑøóãú Ýöí ÇáúÅöÓúáóÇãö¡ Ãóíú ãóÇ ßóÇäó ÊóÍúÑöíãå ãæÞøÊÇ.
æóÊóÞúÏöíãõ ÇáúãóÌúÑõæÑö Úóáóì ÚóÇãöáöåö Ýöí Þóæúáöåö: æóãöäó ÇáúÈóÞóÑö æóÇáúÛóäóãö ÍóÑøóãúäÇ Úóáóíúåöãú áöáöÇåúÊöãóÇãö ÈöÈóíóÇäö Ðóáößó¡ áöÃóäøóåõ ãöãøóÇ íóáúÊóÝöÊõ ÇáÐøöåúäõ Åöáóíúåö ÚöäúÏó ÓóãóÇÚö ÊóÍúÑöíãö ßõáøö Ðöí ÙõÝõÑò ÝóíóÊóÑóÞøóÈõ ÇáúÍõßúãõ ÈöÇáäøöÓúÈóÉö ÅöáóíúåöãóÇ ÝóÊóÞúÏöíãõ ÇáúãóÌúÑõæÑö ÈöãóäúÒöáóÉö ÇáöÇÝúÊöÊóÇÍö Èö (ÃóãøóÇ) .
æóÌõãúáóÉõ: Ðáößó ÌóÒóíúäÇåõãú ÈöÈóÛúíöåöãú ÊóÐúíöíáñ íõÈóíøöäõ ÚöáøóÉó ÊóÍúÑöíãö ãóÇ ÍóÑøóãó Úóáóíúåöãú.
æóÇÓúãõ ÇáúÅöÔóÇÑóÉö Ýöí Þóæúáöåö: Ðáößó ÌóÒóíúäÇåõãú ãóÞúÕõæÏñ Èöåö ÇáÊøóÍúÑöíãõ ÇáúãóÃúÎõæÐõ ãöäú Þóæúáöåö:
ÍóÑøóãúäÇ Ýóåõæó Ýöí ãóæúÖöÚö ãóÝúÚõæáò ËóÇäò: áö ÌóÒóíúäÇåõãú ÞõÏøöãó(8-Ã/143)
ÝóÅöäú ßóÐøóÈõæßó ÝóÞõáú ÑóÈøõßõãú Ðõæ ÑóÍúãóÉò æóÇÓöÚóÉò æóáóÇ íõÑóÏøõ ÈóÃúÓõåõ Úóäö ÇáúÞóæúãö ÇáúãõÌúÑöãöíäó (147)
Úóáóì ÚóÇãöáöåö æóãóÝúÚõæáöåö ÇáúÃóæøóáö áöáöÇåúÊöãóÇãö Èöåö æóÇáÊøóËúÈöíÊö Úóáóì Ãóäøó ÇáÊøóÍúÑöíãó ÌóÒóÇÁñ áöÈóÛúíöåöãú.
æóÌõãúáóÉõ: æóÅöäøóÇ áóÕÇÏöÞõæäó ÊóÐúíöíáñ áöáúÌõãúáóÉö ÇáøóÊöí ÞóÈúáóåóÇ ÞóÕúÏðÇ áöÊóÍúÞöíÞö Ãóäøó Çááøóåó ÍóÑøóãó Úóáóíúåöãú Ðóáößó¡ æóÅöÈúØóÇáðÇ áöÞóæúáöåöãú: Åöäøó Çááøóåó áóãú íõÍóÑøöãú ÚóáóíúäóÇ ÔóíúÆðÇ æóÅöäøóãóÇ ÍóÑøóãúäóÇ Ðóáößó Úóáóì ÃóäúÝõÓöäóÇ ÇÞúÊöÏóÇÁð ÈöíóÚúÞõæÈó ÝöíãóÇ ÍóÑøóãóåõ Úóáóì äóÝúÓöåö áöÃóäøó ÇáúíóåõæÏó áóãøóÇ ÇäúÊóÈóÒõæÇ ÈöÊóÍúÑöíãö Çááøóåö Úóáóíúåöãú ãóÇ ÃóÍóáøóåõ áöÛóíúÑöåöãú ãóÚó Ãóäøóåõãú íóÒúÚõãõæäó Ãóäøóåõãõ ÇáúãõÞóÑøóÈõæäó ÚöäúÏó Çááøóåö Ïõæäó ÌóãöíÚö ÇáúÃõãóãö¡ ÃóäúßóÑõæÇ Ãóäú íóßõæäó Çááøóåõ ÍóÑøóãó Úóáóíúåöãú Ðóáößó æóÃóäøóåõ ÚõÞõæÈóÉñ áóåõãú ÝóßóÇäõæÇ íóÒúÚõãõæäó Ãóäøó Êöáúßó ÇáúãõÍóÑøóãóÇÊö ßóÇäó ÍóÑøóãóåóÇ íóÚúÞõæÈõ Úóáóì äóÝúÓöåö äóÐúÑðÇ áöáøóåö ÝóÇÊøóÈóÚóåõ ÃóÈúäóÇÄõåõ ÇÞúÊöÏóÇÁð Èöåö. æóáóíúÓó Þóæúáõåõãú ÈöÍóÞøò: áöÃóäøó íóÚúÞõæÈó ÅöäøóãóÇ ÍóÑøóãó Úóáóì äóÝúÓöåö áõÍõæãó ÇáúÅöÈöáö æóÃóáúÈóÇäóåóÇ¡ ßóãóÇ ÐóßóÑóåõ ÇáúãõÝóÓøöÑõæäó æóÃóÔóÇÑó Åöáóíúåö Þóæúáõåõ ÊóÚóÇáóì: ßõáøõ ÇáØøóÚÇãö ßÇäó ÍöáøðÇ áöÈóäöí ÅöÓúÑÇÆöíáó ÅöáøóÇ ãóÇ ÍóÑøóãó ÅöÓúÑÇÆöíáõ Úóáì äóÝúÓöåö ãöäú ÞóÈúáö Ãóäú ÊõäóÒøóáó ÇáÊøóæúÑÇÉõ Ýöí ÓõæÑóÉö Âáö ÚöãúÑóÇäó [93] .
æóÊóÍúÑöíãõ Ðóáößó Úóáóì äóÝúÓöåö áöäóÐúÑò Ãóæú ãóÕúáóÍóÉò ÈóÏóäöíøóÉò áóÇ íóÓúÑöí Åöáóì ãóäú ÚóÏóÇåõ ãöäú ÐõÑøöíøóÊöåö. æóÃóäøó åóÐöåö ÇáúÃóÔúíóÇÁó ÇáøóÊöí ÐóßóÑó Çááøóåõ ÊóÍúÑöíãóåóÇ Úóáóì Èóäöí ÅöÓúÑóÇÆöíáó ãóÐúßõæÑñ ÊóÍúÑöíãõåóÇ Ýöí ÇáÊøóæúÑóÇÉö ÝóßóíúÝó íõäúßöÑõæäó ÊóÍúÑöíãóåóÇ.
ÝóÇáÊøóÃúßöíÏõ áöáÑøóÏøö Úóáóì ÇáúíóåõæÏö æóäóÙöíÑõ Þóæúáöåö åõäóÇ: æóÅöäøóÇ áóÕÇÏöÞõæäó Þóæúáõåõ Ýöí ÓõæÑóÉö Âáö ÚöãúÑóÇäó [93] . ÚóÞöÈó Þóæúáöåö: ßõáøõ ÇáØøóÚÇãö ßÇäó ÍöáøðÇ áöÈóäöí ÅöÓúÑÇÆöíáó. Þõáú ÝóÃúÊõæÇ ÈöÇáÊøóæúÑÇÉö ÝóÇÊúáõæåÇ Åöäú
ßõäúÊõãú ÕÇÏöÞöíäó
Åöáóì Þóæúáöåö: Þõáú ÕóÏóÞó Çááøóåõ [Âá ÚãÑóÇä: 93- 95] .
[147]
[ÓõæÑóÉ ÇáúÃóäúÚóÇã (6) : ÂíóÉ 147]
ÝóÅöäú ßóÐøóÈõæßó ÝóÞõáú ÑóÈøõßõãú Ðõæ ÑóÍúãóÉò æÇÓöÚóÉò æóáÇ íõÑóÏøõ ÈóÃúÓõåõ Úóäö ÇáúÞóæúãö ÇáúãõÌúÑöãöíäó (147)
ÊóÝúÑöíÚñ Úóáóì ÇáúßóáóÇãö ÇáÓøóÇÈöÞö ÇáøóÐöí ÃóÈúØóáó ÊóÍúÑöíãó ãóÇ ÍóÑøóãõæåõ¡ ÇÈúÊöÏóÇÁð ãöäú Þóæúáöåö: ËóãÇäöíóÉó ÃóÒúæÇÌò [ÇáúÃóäúÚóÇã: 143] ÇáúÂíóÇÊö Ãóíú: ÝóÅöäú áóãú íóÑúÚóæõæÇ ÈóÚúÏó åóÐóÇ ÇáúÈóíóÇäö(8-Ã/144)
ÓóíóÞõæáõ ÇáøóÐöíäó ÃóÔúÑóßõæÇ áóæú ÔóÇÁó Çááøóåõ ãóÇ ÃóÔúÑóßúäóÇ æóáóÇ ÂÈóÇÄõäóÇ æóáóÇ ÍóÑøóãúäóÇ ãöäú ÔóíúÁò ßóÐóáößó ßóÐøóÈó ÇáøóÐöíäó ãöäú ÞóÈúáöåöãú ÍóÊøóì ÐóÇÞõæÇ ÈóÃúÓóäóÇ Þõáú åóáú ÚöäúÏóßõãú ãöäú Úöáúãò ÝóÊõÎúÑöÌõæåõ áóäóÇ Åöäú ÊóÊøóÈöÚõæäó ÅöáøóÇ ÇáÙøóäøó æóÅöäú ÃóäúÊõãú ÅöáøóÇ ÊóÎúÑõÕõæäó (148)
æóßóÐøóÈõæßó Ýöí äóÝúíö ÊóÍúÑöíãö Çááøóåö ãóÇ ÒóÚóãõæÇ Ãóäøóåõ ÍóÑøóãóåõ ÝóÐóßøöÑúåõãú ÈöÈóÃúÓö Çááøóåö áóÚóáøóåõãú íóäúÊóåõæäó ÚóãøóÇ ÒóÚóãõæåõ¡ æóÐóßøöÑúåõãú ÈöÑóÍúãóÊöåö ÇáúæóÇÓöÚóÉö áóÚóáøóåõãú íõÈóÇÏöÑõæäó ÈöØóáóÈö ãóÇ íõÎóæøöáõåõãú ÑóÍúãóÊóåõ ãöäö ÇÊøöÈóÇÚö åóÏúíö ÇáúÅöÓúáóÇãö¡ ÝóíóÚõæÏõ ÖóãöíÑõ: ßóÐøóÈõæßó Åöáóì ÇáúãõÔúÑößöíäó æóåõæó ÇáúãõÊóÈóÇÏóÑõ ãöäú ÓöíóÇÞö ÇáúßóáóÇã: ÓÇÈÞå æóáóÇ ÍóÞå¡ æóÚóáóì åóÐóÇ ÇáúæóÌúåö íóÌõæÒõ Ãóäú íóßõæäó Ýöí Þóæúáöåö: ÝóÞõáú ÑóÈøõßõãú Ðõæ ÑóÍúãóÉò æÇÓöÚóÉò ÊóäúÈöíåñ áóåõãú ÈöÃóäøó ÊóÃúÎöíÑó ÇáúÚóÐóÇÈö Úóäúåõãú åõæó ÅöãúåóÇáñ ÏóÇÎöáñ Ýöí ÑóÍúãóÉö Çááøóåö ÑóÍúãóÉð ãõÄóÞøóÊóÉð¡ áóÚóáøóåõãú íõÓúáöãõæäó. æóÚóáóíúåö íóßõæäõ ãóÚúäóì ÝöÚúáö: ßóÐøóÈõæßó ÇáöÇÓúÊöãúÑóÇÑó¡ Ãóíú Åöäö ÇÓúÊóãóÑøõæÇ Úóáóì ÇáÊøóßúÐöíÈö ÈóÚúÏó åóÐöåö ÇáúÍõÌóÌö.
æóíóÌõæÒõ Ãóäú íóÚõæÏó ÇáÖøóãöíÑõ Åöáóì ÇáøóÐöíäó åÇÏõæÇ [ÇáúÃóäúÚóÇã: 146] ¡ ÊóßúãöáóÉð áöáöÇÓúÊöØúÑóÇÏö æóåõæó Þóæúáõ ãõÌóÇåöÏò æóÇáÓøõÏøöíøö: Ãóäøó ÇáúíóåõæÏó ÞóÇáõæÇ áóãú íõÍóÑøöãö Çááøóåõ ÚóáóíúäóÇ ÔóíúÆðÇ æóÅöäøóãóÇ ÍóÑøóãúäóÇ ãóÇ ÍóÑøóãó ÅöÓúÑóÇÆöíáõ Úóáóì äóÝúÓöåö¡ Ýóíóßõæäõ ãóÚúäóì ÇáúÂíóÉö: ÝóÑúÖó ÊóßúÐöíÈöåöãú Þóæúáóåõ: æóÚóáóì ÇáøóÐöíäó åÇÏõæÇ ÍóÑøóãúäÇ [ÇáúÃóäúÚóÇã: 146] ÅöáóÎú¡ áöÃóäøó ÃóÞúæóÇáóåõãú ÊõÎóÇáöÝõ Ðóáößó Ýóåõãú ÈöÍóíúËõ íõßóÐøöÈõæäó ãóÇ Ýöí åóÐöåö ÇáúÂíóÉö¡ æóíóÔúÊóÈöåõ Úóáóíúåöãö ÇáúÅöãúåóÇáõ ÈöÇáÑøöÖóì¡ ÝóÞöíáó áóåõãú: ÑóÈøõßõãú Ðõæ ÑóÍúãóÉò æÇÓöÚóÉò. æóãöäú ÑóÍúãóÊöåö ÅöãúåóÇáõåõ ÇáúãõÌúÑöãöíäó Ýöí ÇáÏøõäúíóÇ ÛóÇáöÈðÇ.
æóÞóæúáõåõ: æóáÇ íõÑóÏøõ ÈóÃúÓõåõ Úóäö ÇáúÞóæúãö ÇáúãõÌúÑöãöíäó Ýöíåö ÅöíÌóÇÒñ ÈöÍóÐúÝò ÊóÞúÏöíÑõåõ: æóÐõæ ÈóÃúÓò æóáóÇ íõÑóÏøõ ÈóÃúÓõåõ Úóäö ÇáúÞóæúãö ÇáúãõÌúÑöãöíäó ÅöÐóÇ ÃóÑóÇÏóåõ. æóåóÐóÇ æóÚöíÏñ æóÊóæóÞøõÚñ æóåõæó ÊóÐúíöíáñ¡ áöÃóäøó Þóæúáóåõ: Úóäö ÇáúÞóæúãö ÇáúãõÌúÑöãöíäó íóÚõãøõåõãú æóÛóíúÑóåõãú æóåõæó íóÊóÖóãøóäõ Ãóäåã ãÌÑãæä.
[148]
[ÓõæÑóÉ ÇáúÃóäúÚóÇã (6) : ÂíóÉ 148]
ÓóíóÞõæáõ ÇáøóÐöíäó ÃóÔúÑóßõæÇ áóæú ÔÇÁó Çááøóåõ ãóÇ ÃóÔúÑóßúäÇ æóáÇ ÂÈÇÄõäÇ æóáÇ ÍóÑøóãúäÇ ãöäú ÔóíúÁò ßóÐáößó ßóÐøóÈó ÇáøóÐöíäó ãöäú ÞóÈúáöåöãú ÍóÊøóì ÐÇÞõæÇ ÈóÃúÓóäÇ Þõáú åóáú ÚöäúÏóßõãú ãöäú Úöáúãò ÝóÊõÎúÑöÌõæåõ áóäÇ Åöäú ÊóÊøóÈöÚõæäó ÅöáÇøó ÇáÙøóäøó æóÅöäú ÃóäúÊõãú ÅöáÇøó ÊóÎúÑõÕõæäó(8-Ã/145)
(148)
ÇÓúÊöÆúäóÇÝñ ÑóÌóÚó Èöåö ÇáúßóáóÇãõ Åöáóì ãõÌóÇÏóáóÉö ÇáúãõÔúÑößöíäó ÈóÚúÏó Ãóäö ÇÚúÊóÑóÖó ÈóíúäóåóÇ ÈöÞóæúáöåö: Þõáú áóÇ ÃóÌöÏõ Ýöí ãóÇ ÃõæÍöíó Åöáóíøó ãõÍóÑøóãÇð Úóáì ØÇÚöãò íóØúÚóãõåõ- Åöáóì Þóæúáöåö- ÝóÅöäøó ÑóÈøóßó ÛóÝõæÑñ ÑóÍöíãñ
[ÇáúÃóäúÚóÇã: 145] ¡ ÝóáóãøóÇ ÞóØóÚó Çááøóåõ ÍõÌøóÊóåõãú Ýöí ÔóÃúäö ÊóÍúÑöíãö ãóÇ ÍóÑøóãõæåõ¡ æóÞöÓúãóÉö ãóÇ ÞóÓøóãõæåõ¡ ÇÓúÊóÞúÕóì ãóÇ ÈóÞöíó áóåõãú ãöäú ÍõÌøóÉò æóåöíó ÍõÌøóÉõ ÇáúãóÍúÌõæÌö ÇáúãóÛúáõæÈö ÇáøóÐöí ÃóÚúíóÊúåõ ÇáúãõÌóÇÏóáóÉõ æóáóãú ÊóÈúÞó áóåõ ÍõÌøóÉñ¡ ÅöÐú íóÊóÔóÈøóËõ ÈöÇáúãóÚóÇÐöíÑö ÇáúæóÇåöíóÉö áöÊóÑúæöíÌö ÖóáóÇáöåö¡ ÈöÃóäú íóÞõæáó: åóÐóÇ ÃóãúÑñ ÞõÖöíó æóÞõÏøöÑó.
ÝóÅöäú ßóÇäó ÖóãöíÑõ ÇáÑøóÝúÚö Ýöí Þóæúáöåö: ÝóÅöäú ßóÐøóÈõæßó [ÇáúÃóäúÚóÇã: 147] ÚóÇÆöÏðÇ Åöáóì ÇáúãõÔúÑößöíäó ßóÇäó Þóæúáõåõ ÊóÚóÇáóì åõäóÇ: ÓóíóÞõæáõ ÇáøóÐöíäó ÃóÔúÑóßõæÇ ÅöÙúåóÇÑðÇ Ýöí ãóÞóÇãö ÇáúÅöÖúãóÇÑö áöÒöíóÇÏóÉö ÊóÝúÙöíÚö ÃóÞúæóÇáöåöãú¡ ÝóÅöÎúÈóÇÑõ Çááøóåö Úóäúåõãú ÈöÃóäøóåõãú ÓóíóÞõæáõæäó Ðóáößó Åöäú ßóÇäó äõÒõæáõ åóÐöåö ÇáúÂíóÉö ÞóÈúáó äõÒõæáö ÂíóÉö ÓõæÑóÉö ÇáäøóÍúáö [35] : æóÞÇáó ÇáøóÐöíäó ÃóÔúÑóßõæÇ áóæú ÔÇÁó Çááøóåõ ãóÇ ÚóÈóÏúäÇ ãöäú Ïõæäöåö ãöäú ÔóíúÁò äóÍúäõ æóáÇ ÂÈÇÄõäÇ æóáÇ ÍóÑøóãúäÇ ãöäú Ïõæäöåö ãöäú ÔóíúÁò æóåõæó ÇáúÃóÑúÌóÍõ¡ ÝóÅöäøó ÓõæÑóÉó ÇáäøóÍúáö ãóÚúÏõæÏóÉñ Ýöí ÇáäøõÒõæáö ÈóÚúÏó ÓõæÑóÉö ÇáúÃóäúÚóÇãö¡ ßóÇäó ÇáúÅöÎúÈóÇÑõ ÈöÃóäøóåõãú ÓóíóÞõæáõæäóåõ ÇØøöáóÇÚðÇ Úóáóì ãóÇ Êõßöäøõåõ äõÝõæÓõåõãú ãöäú ÊóÒúæöíÑö åóÐöåö ÇáúÍõÌøóÉö¡ Ýóåõæó ãõÚúÌöÒóÉñ ãöäú ãõÚúÌöÒóÇÊö ÇáúÞõÑúÂäö ãöäú äóæúÚö ÇáúÅöÎúÈóÇÑö ÈöÇáúÛóíúÈö ßóÞóæúáöåö ÊóÚóÇáóì: ÝóÅöäú áóãú ÊóÝúÚóáõæÇ æóáóäú ÊóÝúÚóáõæÇ [ÇáúÈóÞóÑóÉ: 24] . æóÅöäú ßóÇäó äõÒõæáõ åóÐöåö ÇáúÂíóÉö ÈóÚúÏó äõÒõæáö ÂíóÉö ÓõæÑóÉ ÇáäøÍá ÝÇáÅÎÈÇÑ ÈöÃóäøóåõãú ÓóíóÞõæáõæäóåõ ãóÚúäóÇåõ Ãóäøóåõãú ÓóíõÚöíÏõæäó ãóÚúÐöÑóÊóåõãõ ÇáúãóÃúáõæÝóÉó.
æóÍóÇÕöáõ åóÐöåö ÇáúÍõÌøóÉö: Ãóäøóåõãú íóÍúÊóÌøõæäó Úáì ÇáäøÈíÁ Õóáøóì Çááåõ Úóáóíúåö æóÓóáøóãó ÈöÃóäøó ãóÇ åõãú Úóáóíúåö áóæú áóãú íóßõäú ÈöÑöÖóì Çááøóåö ÊóÚóÇáóì áóÕóÑóÝóåõãú Úóäúåõ æóáóãøóÇ íóÓøóÑóåõ áóåõãú¡ íóÞõæáõæäó Ðóáößó Ýöí ãóÚúÑöÖö ÅÝÍÇã ÇáÑøÓæá Úóáóíúåö ÇáÕøáÇÉ æÇáÓøáÇã æóÅöÈúØóÇáö Íõßúãöåö Úóáóíúåöãú ÈöÇáÖøóáóÇáóÉö¡ æóåóÐöåö ÔõÈúåóÉõ Ãóåúáö ÇáúÚõÞõæáö ÇáúÃóÝöäóÉö ÇáøóÐöíäó áóÇ íõÝóÑøöÞõæäó Èóíúäó ÊóÕóÑøõÝö Çááøóåö ÊóÚóÇáóì ÈöÇáúÎóáúÞö æóÇáÊøóÞúÏöíÑö æóÍöÝúÙö ÞóæóÇäöíäö ÇáúæõÌõæÏ¡ æóåõæó ÇáÊÕÑøÝ ÇáøóÐöí äõÓóãøöíåö äóÍúäõ ÈöÇáúãóÔöíÆóÉö æóÈöÇáúÅöÑóÇÏóÉö¡ æóÈóíúäó ÊóÕóÑøõÝöåö ÈöÇáúÃóãúÑö æóÇáäøóåúíö¡ æóåõæó ÇáøóÐöí äõÓóãøöíåö ÈöÇáÑøöÖóì æóÈöÇáúãóÍóÈøóÉö¡ ÝóÇáúÃóæøóáõ ÊóÕóÑøõÝõ ÇáÊøóßúæöíäö æóÇáËøóÇäöí ÊóÕóÑøõÝõ ÇáÊøóßúáöíÝö¡ Ýóåõãú íóÍúÓóÈõæäó Ãóäøó Êóãóßøõäóåõãú ãöäú æóÖúÚö ÞóæóÇÚöÏö ÇáÔøöÑúßö æóãöäó ÇáÊøóÍúÑöíãö(8-Ã/146)
æóÇáÊøóÍúáöíáö ãóÇ åõæó ÅöáøóÇ ÈöÃóäú ÎóáóÞó Çááøóåõ Ýöíåöãõ ÇáÊøóãóßøõäó ãöäú Ðóáößó¡ ÝóíóÍúÓóÈõæäó Ãóäøóåõ Íöíäó áóãú íõãúÓößú ÚöäóÇäó ÃóÝúÚóÇáöåöãú ßóÇäó ÞóÏú ÑóÖöíó ÈöãóÇ ÝóÚóáõæåõ¡ æóÃóäøóåõ áóæú ßóÇäó áóÇ íóÑúÖóì Èöåö áóãóÇ ÚóÌóÒó Úóäú ÓóáúÈö Êóãóßøõäöåöãú¡ íóÍúÓóÈõæäó Ãóäøó Çááøóåó íõåöãøõå ÓõæÁó ÊóÕóÑøõÝöåöãú ÝöíãóÇ ÝóØóÑóåõãú Úóáóíúåö¡ æóáóæú ßóÇäó ßóãóÇ íóÊóæóåøóãõæäó áóßóÇäó ÇáúÈóÇØöáõ æóÇáúÍóÞøõ ÔóíúÆðÇ æóÇÍöÏðÇ¡ æóåóÐóÇ ãóÇ áóÇ íóÝúåóãõåõ ÚóÞúáñ ÍóÕöíÝñ¡ ÝóÅöäøó Ãóåúáó ÇáúÚõÞõæáö ÇáÓøóÎöíÝóÉö Íöíäó íóÊóæóåøóãõæäó Ðóáößó ßóÇäõæÇ ÛóíúÑó ãõáúÊóÝöÊöíäó ÅöáøóÇ Åöáóì ÌóÇäöÈö äöÍúáóÊöåöãú æóãõÚúÑöÖöíäó Úóäú ÌóÇäöÈö ãõÎóÇáöÝöåöãú¡ ÝóÅöäøóåõãú Íöíäó íóÞõæáõæäó: áóæú ÔÇÁó Çááøóåõ ãóÇ ÃóÔúÑóßúäÇ ÛóÇÝöáõæäó Úóäú Ãóäú íõÞóÇáó áóåõãú. ãöäú ÌóÇäöÈö ÇáÑøóÓõæáö: áóæú ÔóÇÁó Çááå ãóÇ ÞõáúÊõ áóßõãú Ãóäøó ÝöÚúáóßõãú ÖóáóÇáñ¡ Ýóíóßõæäõ Çááøóåõ Úóáóì ÍóÓóÈö ÔõÈúåóÊöåöãú ÞóÏú ÔóÇÁó ÇáÔøóíúÁó æóäóÞöíÖóåõ ÅöÐú ÔóÇÁó Ãóäøóåõãú íõÔúÑößõæäó æóÔóÇÁó Ãóäú íóÞõæáó áóåõãõ ÇáÑøóÓõæáõ áóÇ ÊõÔúÑößõæÇ.
æóÓóÈóÈõ åóÐöåö ÇáÖøóáóÇáóÉö ÇáúÚóÇÑöÖóÉö áöÃóåúáö ÇáÖøóáóÇáö ãöäó ÇáúÃõãóãö¡ ÇáøóÊöí ÊóáõæÍõ Ýöí ÚõÞõæáö ÈóÚúÖö ÚóæóÇãøö ÇáúãõÓúáöãöíäó Ýöí ãóÚóÇÐöíÑöåöãú áöáúãóÚóÇÕöí æóÇáúÌóÑóÇÆöãö Ãóäú íóÞõæáõæÇ: ÃóãúÑõ Çááøóåö Ãóæú ãóßúÊõæÈñ ÚöäúÏó Çááøóåö Ãóæú äóÍúæõ Ðóáößó¡ åõæó ÇáúÌóåúáõ ÈöÃóäøó ÍößúãóÉó Çááøóåö ÊóÚóÇáóì Ýöí æóÖúÚö äöÙóÇãö åóÐóÇ ÇáúÚóÇáóãö ÇÞúÊóÖóÊú Ãóäú íóÌúÚóáó ÍöÌóÇÈðÇ Èóíúäó ÊóÕóÑøõÝöåö ÊóÚóÇáóì Ýöí ÃóÍúæóÇáö ÇáúãóÎúáõæÞóÇÊö¡ æóÈóíúäó ÊóÕóÑøõÝöåöãú Ýöí ÃóÍúæóÇáöåöãú ÈöãõÞúÊóÖóì ÅöÑóÇÏóÊöåöãú¡ æóÐóáößó ÇáúÍöÌóÇÈõ åõæó äóÇãõæÓõ ÇÑúÊöÈóÇØö ÇáúãõÓóÈøóÈóÇÊö ÈöÃóÓúÈóÇÈöåóÇ¡ æóÇÑúÊöÈóÇØö ÃóÍúæóÇáö ÇáúãóæúÌõæÏóÇÊö Ýöí åóÐóÇ ÇáúÚóÇáóãö ÈóÚúÖöåóÇ ÈöÈóÚúÖò¡ æóãöäúåõ ãóÇ íõÓóãøóì ÈöÇáúßóÓúÈö æóÇáöÇÓúÊöØóÇÚóÉö ÚöäúÏó ÌõãúåõæÑö ÇáúÃóÔóÇÚöÑóÉö¡ æóíõÓøóãóì ÈöÇáúÞõÏúÑóÉö ÚöäúÏó ÇáúãõÚúÊóÒöáóÉö æóÈóÚúÖö ÇáúÃóÔóÇÚöÑóÉö¡ æóÐóáößó åõæó ãóæúÑöÏõ ÇáÊøóßúáöíÝö ÇáÏøóÇáøö Úóáóì ãóÇ íóÑúÖóÇåõ Çááøóåõ æóãóÇ áóÇ íóÑúÖóì Èöåö¡ æóÃóäøó Çááøóåó æóÖóÚó äöÙóÇãó åóÐóÇ ÇáúÚóÇáóãö ÈöÍößúãóÉò ÝóÌóÚóáó ÞöæóÇãóåõ åõæó ÊóÏúÈöíÑõ ÇáúÃóÔúíóÇÁö ÃõãõæÑóåóÇ ãöäú ÐóæóÇÊöåóÇ ÈöÍóÓóÈö Þõæðì ÃóæúÏóÚóåóÇ Ýöí ÇáúãóæúÌõæÏóÇÊö áöÊóÓúÚóì áöãóÇ ÎõáöÞóÊú áöÃóÌúáöåö¡ æóÒóÇÏó ÇáúÅöäúÓóÇäó ãóÒöíøóÉð ÈöÃóäú æóÖóÚó áóåõ ÚóÞúáðÇ íõãóßøöäõåõ ãöäú ÊóÛúíöíÑö ÃóÍúæóÇáöåö Úóáóì ÍóÓóÈö ÇÍúÊöíóÇÌöåö¡ æóæóÖóÚó áóåõ Ýöí ÚóÞúáöåö æóÓóÇÆöáó ÇáöÇåúÊöÏóÇÁö Åöáóì ÇáúÎóíúÑö æóÇáÔøóÑøö¡ ßóãóÇ ÞóíøóÖó áóåõ ÏõÚóÇÉð Åöáóì ÇáúÎóíúÑö ÊõäóÈøöåõåõ Åöáóíúåö Åöäú ÚóÑóÊúåõ ÛóÝúáóÉñ¡ Ãóæú ÍóÌóÈóÊúåõ ÔóåúæóÉñ¡ ÝóÅöäú åõæó áóãú íóÑúÚóæö Ûóíøöåö¡ ÝóÞóÏú ÎóÇäó ÈöÓóÇØó ÚóÞúáöåö ÈöØóíøöåö.(8-Ã/147)
æóÈöåóÐóÇ ÙóåóÑó ÊóÎúáöíØõ Ãóåúáö ÇáÖøóáóÇáóÉö Èóíúäó ãóÔöíÆóÉö ÇáúÚöÈóÇÏö æóãóÔöíÆóÉö Çááøóåö¡ ÝóáöÐóáößó ÑóÏøó Çááøóåõ Úóáóíúåöãú åõäóÇ Þóæúáóåõãú: áóæú ÔÇÁó Çááøóåõ ãóÇ ÃóÔúÑóßúäÇ æóáÇ ÂÈÇÄõäÇ áöÃóäøóåõãú ÌóÚóáõæÇ ãóÇ åõæó ãóÔöíÆóÉñ áóåõãú ãóÔöíÆóÉð áöáøóåö ÊóÚóÇáóì¡ æóãóÚó Ðóáößó Ýóåõæó ÞóÏú ÃóËúÈóÊó ãóÔöíÆóÊóåõ Ýöí Þóæúáöåö: æóáóæú ÔÇÁó Çááøóåõ ãóÇ ÃóÔúÑóßõæÇ [ÇáúÃóäúÚóÇã: 107] Ýóåöíó ãóÔöíÆóÉõ Êóßúæöíäö ÇáúÚõÞõæáö æóÊóßúæöíäö äöÙóÇãö ÇáúÌóãóÇÚóÉö.
ÝóåóÐöåö ÇáúãóÔöíÆóÉõ ÇáøóÊöí ÇÚúÊóáøõæÇ ÈöåóÇ ãóÔöíÆóÉñ ÎóÝöíøóÉñ áóÇ ÊóÊóæóÕøóáõ Åöáóì ÇáöÇØøöáóÇÚö Úóáóì ßõäúåöåóÇ ÚõÞõæáõ ÇáúÈóÔóÑö¡ ÝóáöÐóáößó äóÚóì Çááøóåõ Úóáóíúåöãö ÇÓúÊöäóÇÏóåõãú ÅöáóíúåóÇ Úóáóì Ìóåúáöåöãú ÈößõäúåöåóÇ¡ ÝóÞóÇáó: ßóÐáößó ßóÐøóÈó ÇáøóÐöíäó ãöäú ÞóÈúáöåöãú ÝóÔóÈøóåó ÈöÊóßúÐöíÈöåöãú ÊóßúÐöíÈó ÇáúãõßóÐøöÈöíäó ÇáøóÐöíäó ãöäú ÞóÈúáöåöãú¡ Ýóßóäøóì ÈöÐóáößó Úóäú ßóæúäö ãóÞúÕöÏö ÇáúãõÔúÑößöíäó ãöäú åóÐöåö ÇáúÍõÌøóÉö ÊóßúÐöíÈ ÇáäøÈíÁ Õóáøóì Çááåõ Úóáóíúåö æóÓóáøóãó. æóÞóÏú ÓóÈóÞó áóäóÇ ÈóíóÇäñ Ýöí åóÐóÇ ÇáúãóÚúäóì Ýöí åóÐöåö ÇáÓøõæÑóÉö [107] ÚöäúÏó Þóæúáöåö ÊóÚóÇáóì: æóáóæú ÔÇÁó Çááøóåõ ãóÇ ÃóÔúÑóßõæÇ.
æóáóíúÓó Ýöí åóÐöåö ÇáúÂíóÉö ãóÇ íóäúåóÖõ ÍõÌøóÉð áóäóÇ Úóáóì ÇáúãõÚúÊóÒöáóÉö¡ æóáóÇ áöáúãõÚúÊóÒöáóÉö ÚóáóíúäóÇ¡ æóÅöäú ÍóÇæóáó ßöáóÇ ÇáúÝóÑöíÞóíúäö Ðóáößó áöÃóäøó ÇáúÝóÑöíÞóíúäö ãõÊøóÝöÞóÇäö Úóáóì ÈõØúáóÇäö ÍõÌøóÉö ÇáúãõÔúÑößöíäó. æóÝöí ÇáúÂíóÉö ÍõÌøóÉñ Úóáóì ÇáúÌóÈúÑöíøóÉö.
æóÞóæúáõåõ ÊóÚóÇáóì: ßóÐáößó ßóÐøóÈó ÇáøóÐöíäó ãöäú ÞóÈúáöåöãú Ãóíú ßóÐøóÈó ÇáøóÐöíäó ãöäú ÞÈáåã ÃäÈíÇÁåã ãËá ãóÇ ßóÐøóÈóßó åóÄõáóÇÁö. æóåóÐóÇ íóÏõáøõ Úóáóì Ãóäøó ÇáøóÐöíäó ÃóÔúÑóßõæÇ ÞóÕóÏõæÇ ÈöÞóæúáöåöãú: áóæú ÔÇÁó Çááøóåõ ãóÇ ÃóÔúÑóßúäÇ ÊóßúÐöíÈ ÇáäøÈíÁ Õóáøóì Çááåõ Úóáóíúåö æóÓóáøóãó ÅöÐú ÏóÚóÇåõãú Åöáóì ÇáúÅöÞúáóÇÚö ÚóãøóÇ íóÚúÊóÞöÏõæäó ÈöÍõÌøóÉò Ãóäøó Çááøóåó ÑóÖöíóåõ áóåõãú
æóÔóÇÁóåõ ãöäúåõãú ãóÔöíÆóÉó ÑöÖðì¡ ÝóßóÐóáößó ÇáúÃõãóãõ ÞóÈúáóåõãú ßóÐøóÈõæÇ ÑõÓõáóåõãú ãõÓúÊóäöÏöíäó Åöáóì åóÐöåö ÇáÔøõÈúåóÉö ÝóÓóãøóì Çááøóåõ ÇÓúÊöÏúáóÇáóåõãú åóÐóÇ ÊóßúÐöíÈðÇ¡ áöÃóäøóåõãú ÓóÇÞõæåõ ãóÓóÇÞó ÇáÊøóßúÐöíÈö æóÇáúÅöÝúÍóÇãö¡ áóÇ áöÃóäøó ãõÞúÊóÖóÇåõ áóÇ íóÞõæáõ Èöåö ÇáÑøÓæá Õóáøóì Çááåõ Úóáóíúåö æóÓóáøóãó æóÇáúãõÓúáöãõæäó¡ ÝóÅöäøóÇ äóÞõæáõ Ðóáößó ßóãóÇ ÞóÇáó ÊóÚóÇáóì: æóáóæú ÔÇÁó Çááøóåõ ãóÇ ÃóÔúÑóßõæÇ [ÇáúÃóäúÚóÇã: 107] äõÑöíÏõ Èöåö ãóÚúäðì ÕóÍöíÍðÇ ÝóßóáóÇãõåõãú ãöäú ÈóÇÈö ßóáóÇãö ÇáúÍóÞøö ÇáøóÐöí ÃõÑöíÏó Èöåö ÈóÇØöáñ¡ æóæóÞóÚó Ýöí «ÇáúßóÔøóÇÝ» Ãäøå ÞÑìÁ: ßóÐáößó ßóÐøóÈó ÇáøóÐöíäó ãöäú ÞóÈúáöåöãú- ÈöÊóÎúÝöíÝö ÐóÇáö ßóÐøóÈó-(8-Ã/148)
æóÞóÇáó ÇáØøöíÈöíøõ: åöíó ÞöÑóÇÁóÉñ ãóæúÖõæÚóÉñ Ãóæú ÔóÇÐøóÉñ íóÚúäöí ÔóÇÐøóÉð ÔõÐõæÐðÇ ÔóÏöíÏðÇ æóáóãú íóÑúæöåóÇ ÃóÍóÏñ Úóäú ÃóÍóÏò ãöäú Ãóåúáö ÇáúÞöÑóÇÁóÇÊö ÇáÔøóÇÐøóÉö¡ æóáóÚóáøóåóÇ ãöäú æóÖúÚö ÈóÚúÖö ÇáúãõÚúÊóÒöáóÉö Ýöí ÇáúãõäóÇÙóÑóÉö ßóãóÇ íõÄúÎóÐõ ãöäú ßóáóÇãö ÇáúÝóÎúÑö.
æóÞóæúáõåõ: ÍóÊøóì ÐÇÞõæÇ ÈóÃúÓóäÇ ÛóÇíóÉñ áöáÊøóßúÐöíÈö ãóÞúÕõæÏñ ãöäúåóÇ ÏóæóÇãõåõãú Úóáóíúåö Åöáóì ÂÎöÑö ÃóæúÞóÇÊö æõÌõæÏöåöãú. ÝóáóãøóÇ ÐóÇÞõæÇ ÈóÃúÓó Çááøóåö åóáóßõæÇ æóÇÖúãóÍóáøõæÇ¡ æóáóíúÓóÊö ÇáúÛóÇíóÉõ åõäóÇ áöáÊøóäúåöíóÉö: æóÇáÑøõÌõæÚö Úóäö ÇáúÝöÚúáö áöÙõåõæÑö Ãóäøóåõ áóÇ íõÊóÕóæøóÑõ ÇáÑøõÌõæÚõ ÈóÚúÏó ÇÓúÊöÆúÕóÇáöåöãú.
æóÇáÐøóæúÞõ ãóÌóÇÒñ Ýöí ÇáúÅöÍúÓóÇÓö æóÇáÔøõÚõæÑö¡ Ýóåõæó ãöäö ÇÓúÊöÚúãóÇáö ÇáúãõÞóíøóÏö Ýöí ÇáúãõØúáóÞö¡ æóÞóÏú ÊóÞóÏøóãó ÇáúßóáóÇãõ Úóáóíúåö ÚöäúÏó Þóæúáöåö ÊóÚóÇáóì: áöíóÐõæÞó æóÈÇáó ÃóãúÑöåö Ýöí ÓõæÑóÉö ÇáúÚõÞõæÏö [95] .
æóÇáúÈóÃúÓõ ÊóÞóÏøóãó ÇáúßóáóÇãõ Úóáóíúåö Ýöí ÓõæÑóÉö ÇáúÈóÞóÑóÉö æóÅöÖóÇÝóÊõåõ Åöáóì ÖóãöíÑö Çááøóåö ÊóÚóÇáóì áöÊóÚúÙöíãöåö æóÊóåúæöíáöåö.
æóÃóãóÑó Çááå ÑóÓõæáå Õóáøóì Çááåõ Úóáóíúåö æóÓóáøóãó ÈöÇáúÌóæóÇÈö Úóäú ãóÞóÇáöåöãõ ÇáúæóÇÞöÚö Ãóæö ÇáúãõÊóæóÞøóÚö ÈöÞóæúáöåö: Þõáú åóáú ÚöäúÏóßõãú ãöäú Úöáúãò ÝóÊõÎúÑöÌõæåõ áóäÇ¡ ÝóÝóÕøóáó ÌõãúáóÉó: Þõáú áöÃóäøóåóÇ ÌóÇÑöíóÉ ãÌúÑì ÇáãÞÇæáÉ æóÇáúãõÌóÇæóÈóÉö ßóãóÇ ÊóÞóÑøóÑó ÛóíúÑó ãóÑøóÉò¡ æóÌóÇÁó ÈöÇáöÇÓúÊöÝúåóÇãö ÇáúãóÞúÕõæÏö ãöäúåõ ÇáúÅöÝúÍóÇãõ æóÇáÊøóåóßøõãõ ÈöãóÇ ÚõÑöÝó ãöäú ÊóÔóÈøõËöåöãú ÈöãöËúáö åóÐóÇ ÇáöÇÓúÊöÏúáóÇáö.
æóÌõÚöáó ÇáöÇÓúÊöÝúåóÇãõ Èö åóáú áöÃóäøóåóÇ ÊóÏõáøõ Úóáóì ØóáóÈö ÊóÍúÞöíÞö ÇáúÅöÓúäóÇÏö ÇáúãóÓúÆõæáö Úóäúåõ¡ áöÃóäøó ÃóÕúáó åóáú ÃóäøóåóÇ ÍóÑúÝñ ÈöãóÚúäóì «ÞóÏú» áöÇÎúÊöÕóÇÕöåóÇ ÈöÇáúÃóÝúÚóÇáö¡ æóßóËõÑó æõÞõæÚõåóÇ ÈóÚúÏó åóãúÒóÉö ÇáöÇÓúÊöÝúåóÇãö¡ ÝóÛóáóÈó ÚóáóíúåóÇ ãóÚúäóì ÇáöÇÓúÊöÝúåóÇãö¡ ÝóßóËõÑó ÍóÐúÝõ ÇáúåóãúÒóÉö ãóÚóåóÇ ÍóÊøóì ÊõäõæÓöíóÊö ÇáúåóãúÒóÉõ Ýöí ãóÔúåõæÑö ÇáúßóáóÇãö æóáóãú ÊóÙúåóÑú ãóÚóåóÇ ÅöáøóÇ Ýöí ÇáäøóÇÏöÑö¡ æóÞóÏú ÊóÞóÏøóãó ÔóíúÁñ ãöäú åóÐóÇ ÚöäúÏó Þóæúáöåö ÊóÚóÇáóì:
Ýóåóáú ÃóäúÊõãú ãõäúÊóåõæäó Ýöí ÓõæÑóÉö ÇáúÚõÞõæÏö [91] . ÝóÏóáøó åóáú Úóáóì Ãóäøóåõ ÓóÇÆöáñ Úóäú ÃóãúÑò íõÑöíÏõ Ãóäú íóßõæäó ãõÍóÞøóÞðÇ ßóÃóäøóåõ íóÑúÛóÈõ Ýöí ÍõÕõæáöåö ÝóíõÛúÑöíåöãú ÈöÅöÙúåóÇÑöåö ÍóÊøóì ÅöÐóÇ ÚóÌóÒõæÇ ßóÇäó ÞóØúÚðÇ áöÏóÚúæóÇåõãú.(8-Ã/149)
æóÇáúãóÞúÕõæÏõ ãöäú åóÐóÇ ÇáöÇÓúÊöÝúåóÇãö ÇáÊøóåóßøõãõ Èöåöãú Ýöí Þóæúáöåöãú: áóæú ÔÇÁó Çááøóåõ ãóÇ ÃóÔúÑóßúäÇ- Åöáóì-
æóáÇ ÍóÑøóãúäÇ¡ ÝóÃóÙúåóÑó áóåõãú ãä ÇáÞóæúá ãöäó íõÙúåöÑõåõ ÇáúãõÚúÌóÈõ ÈößóáóÇãöåöãú. æóÞóÑöíäóÉõ ÇáÊøóåóßøõãö ÈóÇÏöíóÉñ áöÃóäøóåõ áóÇ íõÙóäøõ ÈöÇáÑøóÓõæáö Úóáóíúåö ÇáÕøóáóÇÉõ æóÇáÓøóáóÇãõ æóÇáúãõÄúãöäöíäó Ãóäú íóØúáõÈõæÇ ÇáúÚöáúãó ãöäó ÇáúãõÔúÑößöíäó¡ ßóíúÝó æóåõæó íõÕóÇÑöÍõåõãú ÈöÇáÊøóÌúåöíáö æóÇáÊøóÖúáöíáö ÕóÈóÇÍó ãóÓóÇÁò.
æóÇáúÚöáúãõ: ãóÇ ÞóÇÈóáó ÇáúÌóåúáó¡ æóÅöÎúÑóÇÌõåõ ÇáúÅöÚúáóÇãõ Èöåö¡ ÔõÈøöåóÊú ÅöÝóÇÏóÉõ ÇáúãóÚúáõæãö áöãóäú íóÌúåóáõåõ ÈöÅöÎúÑóÇÌö ÇáÔøóíúÁö ÇáúãóÎúÈõæÁö¡ æóÐóáößó ãöËúáõ ÇáÊøóÔúÈöíåö Ýöí
Þóæá ÇáäøÈí Õóáøóì Çááåõ Úóáóíúåö æóÓóáøóãó: «æóÚöáúãñ ÈóËøóåõ Ýöí ÕõÏõæÑö ÇáÑøöÌóÇáö»
æóáöÐóáößó ßóÇäó áöáúÅöÊúíóÇäö: Èö ÚöäúÏóßõãú ãóæúÞöÚñ ÍóÓóäñ¡ áöÃóäøó (ÚöäúÏó) Ýöí ÇáúÃóÕúáö ÊóÏõáøõ Úóáóì ÇáúãóßóÇäö ÇáúãõÎúÊóÕøö ÈöÇáøóÐöí ÃõÖöíÝó Åöáóíúåö áóÝúÙõåóÇ¡ Ýóåöíó ãöãøóÇ íõäóÇÓöÈõ ÇáúÎóÝóÇÁó¡ æóáóæúáóÇ ÔõíõæÚõ ÇÓúÊöÚúãóÇáöåóÇ Ýöí ÇáúãóÚúäóì ÇáúãóÌóÇÒöíøö ÍóÊøóì ÕóÇÑóÊú ßóÇáúÍóÞöíÞóÉö áóÞõáúÊõ: Åöäøó ÐößúÑó (ÚöäúÏó) åõäóÇ ÊóÑúÔöíÍñ áöÇÓúÊöÚóÇÑóÉö ÇáúÅöÎúÑóÇÌö áöáúÅöÚúáóÇãö. æóÌõÚöáó ÅöÎúÑóÇÌõ ÇáúÚöáúãö ãõÑóÊøóÈðÇ ÈöÝóÇÁö ÇáÓøóÈóÈöíøóÉö Úóáóì ÇáúÚöäúÏöíøóÉö áöáÏøóáóÇáóÉö Úóáóì Ãóäøó ÇáÓøõÄóÇáó ãóÞúÕõæÏñ Èöåö ãóÇ íóÊóÓóÈøóÈõ Úóáóíúåö.
æóÇááøóÇãõ Ýöí: ÝóÊõÎúÑöÌõæåõ áóäÇ áöáúÃóÌúáö æóÇáöÇÎúÊöÕóÇÕö¡ ÝóÊõÄúÐöäõ ÈöÍóÇÌóÉö ãóÌúÑõæÑöåóÇ áöãõÊóÚóáøóÞöåóÇ¡ Ãóíú ÝóÊõÎúÑöÌõæåõ áöÃóÌúáöäóÇ: Ãóíú áöäóÝúÚöäóÇ¡ æóÇáúãóÚúäóì: áóÞóÏú ÃóÈúÏóÚúÊõãú Ýöí åóÐóÇ ÇáúÚöáúãö ÇáøóÐöí ÃóÈúÏóíúÊõãõæåõ Ýöí ÇÓúÊöÝóÇÏóÊößõãú Ãóäøó Çááøóåó ÃóãóÑóßõãú ÈöÇáÔøöÑúßö æóÊóÍúÑöíãö ãóÇ ÍóÑøóãúÊõãõæåõ ÈöÏóáóÇáóÉö ãóÔöíÆóÉò Úóáóì Ðóáößó ÅöÐú áóæú ÔóÇÁó áóãóÇ ÝóÚóáúÊõãú Ðóáößó ÝóÒöíÏõæäóÇ ãöäú åóÐóÇ ÇáúÚöáúãö.
æóåóÐóÇ ÇáúÌóæóÇÈõ íõÔúÈöåõ ÇáúãóäúÚó Ýöí ÇÕúØöáóÇÍö Ãóåúáö ÇáúÌóÏóáö¡ æóáóãøóÇ ßóÇäó åóÐóÇ ÇáöÇÓúÊöÝúåóÇãõ ÕõæÑöíøðÇ æóßóÇäó ÇáúãõÊóßóáøöãõ ÌóÇÒöãðÇ ÈöÇäúÊöÝóÇÁö ãóÇ ÇÓúÊóÝúåóãó Úóäúåõ ÃóÚúÞóÈóåõ ÈöÇáúÌóæóÇÈö ÈöÞóæúáöåö: Åöäú ÊóÊøóÈöÚõæäó ÅöáøóÇ ÇáÙøóäøó.
æóÌõãúáóÉõ: Åöäú ÊóÊøóÈöÚõæäó ÅöáøóÇ ÇáÙøóäøó ãõÓúÊóÃúäóÝóÉñ áöÃóäøóåóÇ ÇÈúÊöÏóÇÁõ ßóáóÇãò ÈöÅöÖúÑóÇÈò(8-Ã/150)
Þõáú Ýóáöáøóåö ÇáúÍõÌøóÉõ ÇáúÈóÇáöÛóÉõ Ýóáóæú ÔóÇÁó áóåóÏóÇßõãú ÃóÌúãóÚöíäó (149)
Úóäö ÇáúßóáóÇãö ÇáøóÐöí ÞóÈúáóåõ¡ ÝóÈóÚúÏó Ãóäú Êóåóßøóãó Èöåöãú ÌóÏøó Ýöí ÌóæóÇÈöåöãú¡ ÝóÞóÇáó: Åöäú ÊóÊøóÈöÚõæäó ÅöáøóÇ ÇáÙøóäøó Ãóíú: áóÇ Úöáúãó ÚöäúÏóßõãú. æóÞõÕóÇÑóì ãóÇ ÚöäúÏóßõãú åõæó ÇáÙøóäøõ ÇáúÈóÇØöáõ æóÇáúÎóÑúÕõ. æóåóÐóÇ íõÔúÈöåõ ÓóäóÏó ÇáúãóäúÚö Ýöí ÚõÑúÝö Ãóåúáö ÇáúÌóÏóáö. æóÇáúãõÑóÇÏõ ÈöÇáÙøóäøö ÇáÙøóäøõ ÇáúßóÇÐöÈõ æóåõæó ÅöØúáóÇÞñ áóåõ ÔóÇÆöÚñ ßóãóÇ ÊóÞóÏøóãó ÚöäúÏó Þóæúáöåö ÊóÚóÇáóì:
Åöäú íóÊøóÈöÚõæäó ÅöáøóÇ ÇáÙøóäøó æóÅöäú åõãú ÅöáøóÇ íóÎúÑõÕõæäó Ýöí åóÐöå ÇáÓøæÑÉ [116] .
[149]
[ÓõæÑóÉ ÇáúÃóäúÚóÇã (6) : ÂíóÉ 149]
Þõáú Ýóáöáøóåö ÇáúÍõÌøóÉõ ÇáúÈÇáöÛóÉõ Ýóáóæú ÔÇÁó áóåóÏÇßõãú ÃóÌúãóÚöíäó (149)
ÌóæóÇÈñ Úóäú Þóæúáöåöãú: áóæú ÔÇÁó Çááøóåõ ãóÇ ÃóÔúÑóßúäÇ æóáÇ ÂÈÇÄõäÇ [ÇáúÃóäúÚóÇã: 148] ÊóßúãöáóÉñ áöáúÌóæóÇÈö ÇáÓøóÇÈöÞö áöÃóäøóåõ ÒöíóÇÏóÉñ Ýöí ÅöÈúØóÇáö Þóæúáöåöãú¡ æóåõæó íõÔúÈöåõ ÇáúãõÚóÇÑóÖóÉó Ýöí ÇÕúØöáóÇÍö Ãóåúáö ÇáúÌóÏóáö.
æóÃõÚöíÏó ÝöÚúáõ ÇáúÃóãúÑö ÈöÇáúÞóæúáö áöÇÓúÊöÑúÚóÇÁö ÇáúÃóÓúãóÇÚö áöãóÇ ÓóíóÑöÏõ ÈóÚúÏó ÝöÚúáö: Þõáú æóÞóÏú ßõÑøöÑó ËóáóÇËó ãóÑøóÇÊò ãõÊóÚóÇÞöÈóÉð ÈöÏõæäö ÚóØúÝò¡ æóÇáäøõßúÊóÉõ ãóÇ ÊóÞóÏøóãó ãöäú ßóæúäö ÇáúÞóæúáö ÌóÇÑöíðÇ Úóáóì ØóÑöíÞóÉö
ÇáúãõÞóÇæóáóÉö.
æóÇáúÝóÇÁõ ÝóÕöíÍóÉñ ÊõÄúÐöäõ ÈößóáóÇãò ãõÞóÏøóÑò åõæó ÔóÑúØñ¡ æóÇáÊøóÞúÏöíÑõ: ÝóÅöäú ßóÇäó Þóæúáõßõãú áöãõÌóÑøóÏö ÇÊøöÈóÇÚö ÇáÙøóäøö æóÇáúÎóÑúÕö æóÓõæÁö ÇáÊøóÃúæöíáö Ýóáöáøóåö ÇáúÍõÌøóÉõ ÇáúÈóÇáöÛóÉõ. æóÊóÞúÏöíãõ ÇáúãóÌúÑõæÑö Úóáóì ÇáúãõÈúÊóÏóÃö áöÅöÝóÇÏóÉö ÇáöÇÎúÊöÕóÇÕö¡ Ãóíú: áöáøóåö áóÇ áóßõãú¡ ÝóÝõåöãó ãöäúåõ Ãóäøó ÍõÌøóÊóåõãú ÏóÇÍöÖóÉñ.
æóÇáúÍõÌøóÉõ: ÇáúÃóãúÑõ ÇáøóÐöí íóÏõáøõ Úóáóì ÕöÏúÞö ÃóÍóÏò Ýöí ÏóÚúæóÇåõ æóÚóáóì ãõÕóÇÏóÝóÉö ÇáúãõÓúÊóÏöáøö æóÌúåó ÇáúÍóÞøö¡ æóÊóÞóÏøóãó ÇáúÞóæúáõ ÝöíåóÇ ÚöäúÏó Þóæúáöåö ÊóÚóÇáóì: áöÆóáøóÇ íóßõæäó áöáäøóÇÓö Úóáóíúßõãú ÍõÌøóÉñ Ýöí ÓõæÑóÉö ÇáúÈóÞóÑóÉö [150] .
æóÇáúÈóÇáöÛóÉõ åöíó ÇáúæóÇÕöáóÉõ: Ãóíú ÇáúæóÇÕöáóÉõ Åöáóì ãóÇ ÞõÕöÏóÊú áöÃóÌúáöåö¡ æóåõæó ÛóáóÈõ ÇáúÎóÕúãö¡ æóÅöÈúØóÇáõ ÍõÌøóÊöåö¡ ßóÞóæúáöåö ÊóÚóÇáóì: ÍößúãóÉñ ÈÇáöÛóÉñ [ÇáúÞóãóÑ: 5] ¡ ÝóÇáúÈõáõæÛõ ÇÓúÊöÚóÇÑóÉñ ãóÔúåõæÑóÉñ áöÍõÕõæáö ÇáúãóÞúÕõæÏö ãöäó ÇáÔøóíúÁö ÝóáóÇ ÍóÇÌóÉó Åöáóì ÅöÌúÑóÇÁö ÇÓúÊöÚóÇÑóÉò(8-Ã/151)
Þõáú åóáõãøó ÔõåóÏóÇÁóßõãõ ÇáøóÐöíäó íóÔúåóÏõæäó Ãóäøó Çááøóåó ÍóÑøóãó åóÐóÇ ÝóÅöäú ÔóåöÏõæÇ ÝóáóÇ ÊóÔúåóÏú ãóÚóåõãú æóáóÇ ÊóÊøóÈöÚú ÃóåúæóÇÁó ÇáøóÐöíäó ßóÐøóÈõæÇ ÈöÂíóÇÊöäóÇ æóÇáøóÐöíäó áóÇ íõÄúãöäõæäó ÈöÇáúÂÎöÑóÉö æóåõãú ÈöÑóÈøöåöãú íóÚúÏöáõæäó (150)
ãóßúäöíøóÉò Ýöí ÇáúÍõÌøóÉö ÈöÃóäú ÊõÔóÈøóåó ÈöÓóÇÆöÑò Åöáóì ÛóÇíóÉò¡ æóÞóÑöíäóÊõåóÇ ÅöËúÈóÇÊõ ÇáúÈõáõæÛö¡ æóáóÇ ÍóÇÌóÉó ÃóíúÖðÇ Åöáóì ÌóÚúáö ÅöÓúäóÇÏö ÇáúÈõáõæÛö Åöáóì ÇáúÍõÌøóÉö ãóÌóÇÒðÇ ÚóÞúáöíøðÇ¡ Ãóíú ÈóÇáöÛðÇ ÕóÇÍöÈõåóÇ ÞóÕúÏóåõ¡ áöÃóäøóåõ áóÇ ãóÍöíÕó ãöäö ÇÚúÊöÈóÇÑö ÇáöÇÓúÊöÚóÇÑóÉö Ýöí ãóÚúäóì ÇáúÈõáõæÛö¡ ÝóÇáÊøóÝúÓöíÑõ Èöåö ãöäú Ãóæøóáö æóåúáóÉò Ãóæúáóì¡ æóÇáúãóÚúäóì: áöáøóåö ÇáúÍõÌøóÉõ ÇáúÛóÇáöÈóÉõ áóßõãú¡ Ãóíú æóáóíúÓó ÇÓúÊöÏúáóÇáõßõãú ÈöÍõÌøóÉò.
æóÇáúÝóÇÁõ Ýöí Þóæúáöåö: Ýóáóæú ÔÇÁó ÝóÇÁõ ÇáÊøóÝúÑöíÚö Úóáóì ÙõåõæÑö ÍõÌøóÉö Çááøóåö ÊóÚóÇáóì Úóáóíúåöãú: ÊóÝóÑøóÚó Úóáóì ÈõØúáóÇäö ÇÓúÊöÏúáóÇáöåöãú Ãóäøó Çááøóåó áóæú ÔóÇÁó áóåóÏóÇåõãú¡ Ãóíú áóæú ÔóÇÁó åöÏóÇíóÊóåõãú ÈöÃóßúËóÑó ãöäú ÅöÑúÓóÇáö ÇáÑøóÓõæáö Úóáóíúåö ÇáÕøóáóÇÉõ æóÇáÓøóáóÇãõ ÈöÃóäú íõÛóíøöÑó ÚõÞõæáóåõãú ÝóÊóÃúÊöí Úóáóì ÎöáóÇÝö ãóÇ åõíøöÆóÊú áóåõ áóßóÇäó ÞóÏú ÝóÚóáó Ðóáößó ÈöæóÌúåö ÚöäóÇíóÉò ÎóÇÕøóÉò Èöåöãú Ãóæú ÎóÇÑöÞö ÚóÇÏóÉò áöÃóÌúáöåöãú¡ ÅöÐú áóÇ íõÚúÌöÒõåõ ÔóíúÁñ¡ æóáóßöäøó ÍößúãóÊóåõ ÞóÖóÊú Ãóäú áóÇ íõÚóãøöãó ÚöäóÇíóÊóåõ Èóáú íóÎúÊóÕøó ÈöåóÇ ÈóÚúÖó ÎóÇÕøóÊöåö¡ æóÃóäú áóÇ íóÚúÏöáó Úóäú ÓõäøóÊöåö Ýöí ÇáúåöÏóÇíóÉö ÈöæóÖúÚö ÇáúÚõÞõæáö æóÊóäúÈöíåöåóÇ Åöáóì ÇáúÍóÞøö ÈöÅöÑúÓóÇáö ÇáÑøõÓõáö æóäóÕúÈö ÇáúÃóÏöáøóÉö æóÇáÏøõÚóÇÁö Åöáóì ÓóÈöíáöåö ÈöÇáúÍößúãóÉö æóÇáúãóæúÚöÙóÉö¡ ÝóÇáúãóÔöíÆóÉõ ÇáúãóÞúÕõæÏóÉõ Ýöí Þóæúáöåö: Ýóáóæú ÔÇÁó áóåóÏÇßõãú ÛóíúÑõ ÇáúãóÔöíÆóÉö ÇáúãóÞúÕõæÏóÉö ÝöíãóÇ Íóßóì Çááøóåõ Úóäúåõãú ãöäú Þóæúáöåöãú: áóæú ÔÇÁó Çááøóåõ ãóÇ ÃóÔúÑóßúäÇ [ÇáúÃóäúÚóÇã: 148] æóÅöáøóÇ áóßóÇäó ãóÇ ÃóäúßóÑó Úóáóíúåöãú ÞóÏú ÃóËúÈóÊó äóÙöíÑóåõ ÚóÞöÈó ÇáúÅöäúßóÇÑö ÝóÊóÊóäóÇÞóÖó ÇáúãõÍóÇÌøóÉõ¡ áöÃóäøó ÇáúåöÏóÇíóÉó ÊõÓóÇæöí ÚóÏóãó ÇáúÅöÔúÑóÇßö æóÚóÏóãó ÇáÊøóÍúÑöíãö¡ ÝóáóÇ íóÕúÏõÞõ ÌóÚúáõ ßáíåãóÇ ÌóæóÇÈÇ ááæ ÇáöÇãúÊöäóÇÚöíøóÉö¡ ÝóÇáúãóÔöíÆóÉõ ÇáúãóÞúÕõæÏóÉõ Ýöí ÇáÑøóÏøö Úóáóíúåöãú åöíó ÇáúãóÔöíÆóÉõ ÇáúÎóÝöíøóÉõ ÇáúãóÍúÌõæÈóÉõ¡ æóåöíó ãóÔöíÆóÉõ ÇáÊøóßúæöíäö¡ æóÇáúãóÔöíÆóÉõ ÇáúãõäúßóÑóÉõ Úóáóíúåöãú åöíó ãóÇ ÃóÑóÇÏõæåõ ãöäó ÇáöÇÓúÊöÏúáóÇáö ÈöÇáúæóÇÞöÚö Úóáóì ÇáÑøöÖóì æóÇáúãóÍóÈøóÉö. åóÐóÇ æóÌúåõ ÊóÝúÓöíÑö åóÐöåö ÇáúÂíóÉö ÇáøóÊöí ßóáøóáóåóÇ ãöäó ÇáúÅöíÌóÇÒö ãóÇ ÔóÊøóÊó ÃóÝúåóÇãðÇ ßóËöíÑóÉð Ýöí æóÌúåö ÊóÝúÓöíÑöåóÇ áóÇ íóÎúÝóì ÈõÚúÏõåóÇ Úóäú ãõØóÇáöÚö ÇáÊøóÝóÇÓöíÑö
æóÇáúãõæóÇÒóäóÉõ ÈóíúäóåóÇ æóÈóíúäó ãóÇ åõäóÇ.
[150]
[ÓõæÑóÉ ÇáúÃóäúÚóÇã (6) : ÂíóÉ 150]
Þõáú åóáõãøó ÔõåóÏÇÁóßõãõ ÇáøóÐöíäó íóÔúåóÏõæäó Ãóäøó Çááøóåó ÍóÑøóãó åóÐóÇ ÝóÅöäú ÔóåöÏõæÇ ÝóáÇ ÊóÔúåóÏú ãóÚóåõãú æóáÇ ÊóÊøóÈöÚú ÃóåúæÇÁó ÇáøóÐöíäó ßóÐøóÈõæÇ ÈöÂíÇÊöäÇ æóÇáøóÐöíäó áóÇ íõÄúãöäõæäó ÈöÇáúÂÎöÑóÉö æóåõãú ÈöÑóÈøöåöãú íóÚúÏöáõæäó(8-Ã/152)
(150)
ÇÓúÊöÆúäóÇÝñ ÇÈúÊöÏóÇÆöíøñ: áöáöÇäúÊöÞóÇáö ãöäú ØóÑöíÞóÉö ÇáúÌóÏóáö æóÇáúãõäóÇÙóÑóÉö Ýöí ÅöÈúØóÇáö ÒóÚúãöåöãú¡ Åöáóì ÅöÈúØóÇáöåö ÈöØóÑöíÞóÉö ÇáÊøóÈúíöíäö¡ Ãóíú ÃóÍúÖöÑõæÇ ãóäú íóÔúåóÏõæäó Ãóäøó Çááøóåó ÍóÑøóãó åóÐóÇ¡ ÊóÞóÕøöíðÇ áöÅöÈúØóÇáö Þóæúáöåöãú ãöäú ÓóÇÆöÑö ÌöåóÇÊöåö. æóáöÐóáößó ÃõÚöíÏó ÃóãÑ ÇáÑøÓæá Õóáøóì Çááåõ Úóáóíúåö æóÓóáøóãó ÈöÃóäú íóÞõæáó áóåõãú ãóÇ íõÙúåöÑõ ßöÐúÈó ÏóÚúæóÇåõãú.
æóÅöÚóÇÏóÉõ ÝöÚúáö Þõáú ÈöÏõæäö ÚóØúÝò áöÇÓúÊöÑúÚóÇÁö ÇáúÃóÓúãóÇÚö æóáöæõÞõæÚöåö Úóáóì ØóÑöíÞóÉö ÇáãÍÇæÑÉ ßóãóÇ ÞÏãúäóÇåõ ÂäöÝðÇ.
æåóáõãøó ÇÓúãõ ÝöÚúáö ÃóãúÑò áöáúÍõÖõæÑö Ãóæö ÇáúÅöÍúÖóÇÑö¡ Ýóåöíó Êóßõæäõ ÞóÇÕöÑóÉð ßóÞóæúáöåö ÊóÚóÇáóì:
åóáõãøó ÅöáóíúäÇ [ÇáúÃóÍúÒóÇÈ: 18] æóãõÊóÚóÏøöíóÉð ßóãóÇ åõäóÇ¡ æóåõæó Ýöí áõÛóÉö Ãóåúáö ÇáúÍöÌóÇÒö íóáúÒóãõ ÍóÇáóÉð æóÇÍöÏóÉð ÝóáóÇ ÊóáúÍóÞõåõ ÚóáóÇãóÇÊñ ãõäóÇÓöÈóÉñ áöáúãõÎóÇØóÈö¡ ÝóÊóÞõæáõ: åóáõãøó íóÇ ÒóíúÏõ¡ æóåóáõãøó íóÇ åöäúÏõ¡ æóåóßóÐóÇ¡ æóÝöí áõÛóÉö Ãóåúáö ÇáúÚóÇáöíóÉö- ÃóÚúäöí Èóäöí Êóãöíãò- ÊóáúÍóÞõåõ ÚóáóÇãóÇÊñ ãõäóÇÓöÈóÉñ¡ íóÞõæáõæäó: åóáõãøöí íóÇ åöäúÏõ¡ æóåóáõãøóÇ¡ æóåóáõãøõæÇ¡ æóåóáúãõãúäó¡ æóÞóÏú ÌóÇÁó Ýöí åóÐöåö ÇáúÂíóÉö Úóáóì ÇáúÃóÝúÕóÍö ÝóÞóÇáó: åóáõãøó ÔõåóÏÇÁóßõãõ.
æóÇáÔøõåóÏóÇÁõ: ÌóãúÚõ ÔóåöíÏò ÈöãóÚúäóì ÔóÇåöÏò¡ æóÇáúÃóãúÑõ áöáÊøóÚúÌöíÒö ÅöÐú áóÇ íóáúÞóæúäó ÔõåóÏóÇÁó íóÔúåóÏõæäó Ãóäøó Çááøóåó ÍóÑøóãó ãóÇ äÓÈæÇ Åöáóíúåö ÊóÍúÑöíãå ãä ÔÄæä Ïöíäöåöãö ÇáúãõÊóÞóÏøöãö ÐößúÑõåóÇ. æóÃõÖöíÝó ÇáÔøõåóÏóÇÁó Åöáóì ÖóãöíÑö ÇáúãõÎóÇØóÈöíäó áöÒöíóÇÏóÉö ÊóÚúÌöíÒöåöãú¡ áöÃóäøó ÔóÃúäó ÇáúãõÍöÞøö Ãóäú íóßõæäó áóåõ ÔõåóÏóÇÁõ íóÚúáóãõåõãú ÝóíõÍúÖöÑõåõãú ÅöÐóÇ ÏõÚöíó Åöáóì ÅöÍúÞóÇÞö ÍóÞøöåö¡ ßóãóÇ íõÞóÇáõ áöáÑøóÌõáö: ÇÑúßóÈú ÝóÑóÓóßó æóÇáúÍóÞú ÝõáóÇäðÇ¡ áöÃóäøó ßõáøó Ðöí ÈóíúÊò Ýöí ÇáúÚóÑóÈö áóÇ íóÚúÏóãõ Ãóäú íóßõæäó áóåõ ÝóÑóÓñ¡ ÝóíóÞõæáõ Ðóáößó áóåõ ãóäú áóÇ íóÚúáóãõ áóåõ ÝóÑóÓðÇ ÎóÇÕøðÇ æóáóßöäøó ÇáÔøóÃúäó Ãóäú íóßõæäó áóåõ ÝóÑóÓñ æóãöäúåõ Þóæúáõåõ ÊóÚóÇáóì: íõÏúäöíäó Úóáóíúåöäøó ãöäú ÌóáóÇÈöíÈöåöäøó [ÇáúÃóÍúÒóÇÈ: 59] æóÞóÏú áóÇ íóßõæäõ áöÅöÍúÏóÇåöäøó ÌöáúÈóÇÈñ ßóãóÇ
æóÑóÏó Ýöí ÇáúÍóÏöíËö Ãóäøóåõ ÓõÆöáó: ÅöÐóÇ áóãú íóßõäú áöÅöÍúÏóÇäóÇ ÌöáúÈóÇÈñ¡ ÞóÇáó:
áöÊõáúÈöÓúåóÇ ÃõÎúÊõåóÇ ãöäú ÌöáúÈóÇÈöåóÇ
.(8-Ã/153)
ææÕÝåã ÈöÇáúãóæúÕõæáö áöÒöíóÇÏóÉö ÊóÞúÑöíÑö ãóÚúäóì ÅöÚúÏóÇÏö ÃóãúËóÇáöåöãú áöáÔøóåóÇÏóÉö¡ ÝóÇáØøóÇáöÈõ íõäóÒøöáõ äóÝúÓóåõ ãóäúÒöáóÉó ãóäú íóÙõäøõåõãú áóÇ íóÎúáóæúäó Úóäú ÔõåóÏóÇÁó ÈöÍóÞøöåöãú ãöäú ÔóÃúäöåöãú Ãóäú íóÔúåóÏõæÇ áóåõãú æóÐóáößó ÊóãúåöíÏñ áöÊóÚúÌöíÒöåöãõ ÇáúÈóíøöäö ÅöÐóÇ áóãú íõÍúÖöÑõæåõãú¡ ßóãóÇ åõæó ÇáúãóæúËõæÞõ Èöåö ãöäúåõãú ÃóáóÇ ÊóÑóì Þóæúáóåõ: Ãóãú ßõäúÊõãú ÔõåóÏÇÁó ÅöÐú æóÕøóÇßõãõ Çááøóåõ ÈöåÐÇ [ÇáúÃóäúÚóÇã: 144] Ýóåõæó íóÚúáóãõ Ãóäú áóíúÓó ËóãøóÉó ÔõåóÏóÇÁõ.
æóÅöÔóÇÑóÉõ åóÐóÇ ÊõÔöíÑõ Åöáóì ãóÚúáõæãò ãöäó ÇáÓøöíóÇÞö¡ æóåõæó ãóÇ ßóÇäó ÇáúßóáóÇãõ Úóáóíúåö ãöäú Ãóæøóáö ÇáúÌöÏóÇáö ãöäú Þóæúáöåö: ËóãÇäöíóÉó ÃóÒúæÇÌò [ÇáúÃóäúÚóÇã: 143] ÇáúÂíóÇÊö¡ æóÞóÏú ÓóÈóÞóÊö ÇáúÅöÔóÇÑóÉõ Åöáóíúåö ÃóíúÖðÇ ÈöÞóæúáöåö: Ãóãú ßõäúÊõãú ÔõåóÏÇÁó ÅöÐú æóÕøóÇßõãõ Çááøóåõ ÈöåÐÇ [ÇáúÃóäúÚóÇã: 144] .
Ëõãøó ÝóÑøóÚó Úóáóì ÝóÑúÖö Ãóäú íõÍúÖöÑõæÇ ÔõåóÏóÇÁó íóÔúåóÏõæäó¡ Þóæúáå: ÝóÅöäú ÔóåöÏõæÇ ÝóáÇ ÊóÔúåóÏú ãóÚóåõãú¡ Ãóíú Åöäú ÝõÑöÖó ÇáúãõÓúÊóÈúÚóÏõ ÝóÃóÍúÖóÑõæÇ áóßó ÔõåóÏóÇÁó íóÔúåóÏõæäó Ãóäøó Çááøóåó ÍóÑøóãó åóÐóÇ ÇáøóÐöí ÒóÚóãõæåõ¡ ÝóßóÐøöÈúåõãú æóÇÚúáóãú ÈöÃóäøóåõãú ÔõåõæÏõ ÒõæÑò¡ ÝóÞóæúáõåõ: ÝóáÇ ÊóÔúåóÏú ãóÚóåõãú ßöäóÇíóÉñ Úóäú ÊóßúÐöíÈöåöãú áöÃóäøó ÇáøóÐöí íõÕóÏøöÞõ ÃóÍóÏðÇ íõæóÇÝöÞõåõ Ýöí Þóæúáöåö¡ ÝóÇÓúÊõÚúãöáó Çáäøóåúíõ Úóäú ãõæóÇÝóÞóÊöåöãú Ýöí áóÇÒöãöåö¡ æóåõæó ÇáÊøóßúÐöíÈõ¡ æóÅöáøóÇ ÝóÅöäøó Çáäøóåúíó Úóäö ÇáÔøóåóÇÏóÉö ãóÚóåõãú áöãóäú íóÚúáóãõ Ãóäøóåõ áóÇ íóÔúåóÏõ ãóÚóåõãú áöÃóäøóåõ áóÇ íõÕóÏøöÞõ ÈöÐóáößó ÝóÖúáðÇ Úóáóì Ãóäú íóßõæäó ÔóÇåöÏõåõ ãöäú ÞóÈöíáö ÊóÍúÕöíáö ÇáúÍóÇÕöáö¡ ÝóÞóÑöíäóÉõ ÇáúßöäóÇíóÉö ÙóÇåöÑóÉñ.
æóÚõØöÝó Úóáóì Çáäøóåúíö Úóäú ÊóÕúÏöíÞöåöãõ¡ Çáäøóåúíõ Úóäö ÇÊøöÈóÇÚö åóæóÇåõãú ÈöÞóæúáöåö: æóáÇ ÊóÊøóÈöÚú ÃóåúæÇÁó ÇáøóÐöíäó ßóÐøóÈõæÇ.
æóÃóÙúåóÑó Ýöí ãóÞóÇãö ÇáúÅöÖúãóÇÑö Þóæúáóåõ: ÇáøóÐöíäó ßóÐøóÈõæÇ ÈöÂíÇÊöäÇ áöÃóäøó Ýöí åóÐöåö ÇáÕøöáóÉö ÊóÐúßöíÑðÇ ÈöÃóäøó ÇáúãõÔúÑößöíäó íõßóÐøöÈõæäó ÈöÂíóÇÊö Çááøóåö¡ Ýóåõãú ãöãøóäú íõÊóÌóäøóÈõ ÇÊøöÈóÇÚõåõãú¡ æóÞöíáó: ÃõÑöíÏó ÈöÇáøóÐöíäó ßóÐøóÈõæÇ ÇáúíóåõæÏõ ÈöäóÇÁð Úóáóì ãóÇ ÊóÞóÏøóãó ãöäö ÇÍúÊöãóÇáö Ãóäú íóßõæäõæÇ ÇáúãõÑóÇÏó ãöäú Þóæúáöåö: ÝóÅöäú ßóÐøóÈõæßó ÝóÞõáú ÑóÈøõßõãú Ðõæ ÑóÍúãóÉò æÇÓöÚóÉò [ÇáúÃóäúÚóÇã: 147] æóÓóãøóì Ïöíäóåõãú åóæðì áöÚóÏóãö ÇÓúÊöäóÇÏöåö Åöáóì ãõÓúÊóäóÏò æóáóßöäøóåõ ÅöÑúÖóÇÁñ áöáúåóæóì.
æóÇáúåóæóì ÛóáóÈó ÅöØúáóÇÞõåõ Úóáóì ãóÍóÈøóÉö ÇáúãõáóÇÆöãö ÇáúÚóÇÌöáö ÇáøóÐöí ÚóÇÞöÈóÊõåõ ÖóÑóÑñ. æóÞóÏú ÊóÞóÏøóãó ÚöäúÏó Þóæúáöåö ÊóÚóÇáóì: æóáóÆöäö ÇÊøóÈóÚúÊó ÃóåúæÇÁóåõãú ãöäú ÈóÚúÏö ãóÇ ÌÇÁóßó ãöäó ÇáúÚöáúãö Ýöí ÓõæÑóÉö ÇáúÈóÞóÑóÉö(8-Ã/154)
Þõáú ÊóÚóÇáóæúÇ ÃóÊúáõ ãóÇ ÍóÑøóãó ÑóÈøõßõãú Úóáóíúßõãú ÃóáøóÇ ÊõÔúÑößõæÇ Èöåö ÔóíúÆðÇ æóÈöÇáúæóÇáöÏóíúäö ÅöÍúÓóÇäðÇ æóáóÇ ÊóÞúÊõáõæÇ ÃóæúáóÇÏóßõãú ãöäú ÅöãúáóÇÞò äóÍúäõ äóÑúÒõÞõßõãú æóÅöíøóÇåõãú æóáóÇ ÊóÞúÑóÈõæÇ ÇáúÝóæóÇÍöÔó ãóÇ ÙóåóÑó ãöäúåóÇ æóãóÇ ÈóØóäó æóáóÇ ÊóÞúÊõáõæÇ ÇáäøóÝúÓó ÇáøóÊöí ÍóÑøóãó Çááøóåõ ÅöáøóÇ ÈöÇáúÍóÞøö Ðóáößõãú æóÕøóÇßõãú Èöåö áóÚóáøóßõãú ÊóÚúÞöáõæäó (151)
æóÞóæúáõåõ: æóÇáøóÐöíäó áóÇ íõÄúãöäõæäó ÈöÇáúÂÎöÑóÉö ÚóØúÝñ Úóáóì ÇáøóÐöíäó ßóÐøóÈõæÇ æóÇáúãóÞúÕõæÏõ ÚØÝ ÇáÕøáÉ Úóáóì ÇáÕøöáóÉö áöÃóäøó ÃóÕúÍóÇÈó ÇáÕøöáóÊóíúäö ãõÊøóÍöÏõæäó¡ æóåõãõ ÇáúãõÔúÑößõæäó¡ ÝóåóÐóÇ ßóÚóØúÝö ÇáÕøöÝóÇÊö Ýöí Þóæúáö ÇáúÞóÇÆöáö¡ ÃóäúÔóÏóåõ ÇáúÝóÑøóÇÁõ:
Åöáóì Çáúãóáößö ÇáúÞóÑúãö æóÇÈúäö ÇáúåõãóÇ ... ãö æóáóíúËö ÇáúßóÊöíÈóÉö Ýöí ÇáúãõÒúÏóÍóãö
ßóÇäó ãõÞúÊóÖóì ÇáÙøóÇåöÑö Ãóäú áóÇ íõÚóÇÏó ÇÓúãõ ÇáúãóæúÕõæáö áöÃóäøó ÍóÑúÝó ÇáúÚóØúÝö ãõÛúäò Úóäúåõ¡ æóáóßöäú ÃõÌúÑöíó ÇáúßóáóÇãõ Úáì ÎáÇÝ ãÞÊÕì ÇáÙøóÇåöÑö áöÒöíóÇÏóÉö ÇáÊøóÔúåöíÑö Èöåöãú¡ ßóãóÇ åõæó ÈóÚúÖõ äõßóÊö ÇáúÅöÙúåóÇÑö Ýöí ãóÞóÇãö ÇáúÅöÖúãóÇÑö. æóÞöíáó: ÃõÑöíÏõ ÈöÇáøóÐöíäó ßóÐøóÈõæÇ ÈöÇáúÂíóÇÊö: ÇáøóÐöíäó ßÐøÈæÇ ÇáÑøÓæá Úóáóíúåö ÇáÕøáÇÉ æÇáÓøáÇã æóÇáúÞõÑúÂäó¡ æóåõãú Ãóåúáõ ÇáúßöÊóÇÈóíúäö¡ æóÈöÇáøóÐöíäó áóÇ íõÄúãöäõæäó ÈöÇáúÂÎöÑóÉö æóåõãú ÈöÑóÈøöåöãú íóÚúÏöáõæäó:
ÇáúãõÔúÑößõæäó¡ æóÞóÏú ÊóÞóÏøóãó ãóÚúäóì: ÈöÑóÈøöåöãú íóÚúÏöáõæäó ÚöäúÏó Þóæúáöåö ÊóÚóÇáóì: Ëõãøó ÇáøóÐöíäó ßóÝóÑõæÇ ÈöÑóÈøöåöãú
íóÚúÏöáõæäó
Ýöí Ãóæøóáö åóÐöå ÇáÓøõæÑóÉ [1] .
[151]
[ÓõæÑóÉ ÇáúÃóäúÚóÇã (6) : ÂíóÉ 151]
Þõáú ÊóÚÇáóæúÇ ÃóÊúáõ ãóÇ ÍóÑøóãó ÑóÈøõßõãú Úóáóíúßõãú ÃóáÇøó ÊõÔúÑößõæÇ Èöåö ÔóíúÆÇð æóÈöÇáúæÇáöÏóíúäö ÅöÍúÓÇäÇð æóáÇ ÊóÞúÊõáõæÇ ÃóæúáÇÏóßõãú ãöäú ÅöãúáÇÞò äóÍúäõ äóÑúÒõÞõßõãú æóÅöíøóÇåõãú æóáÇ ÊóÞúÑóÈõæÇ ÇáúÝóæÇÍöÔó ãóÇ ÙóåóÑó ãöäúåÇ æóãÇ ÈóØóäó æóáÇ ÊóÞúÊõáõæÇ ÇáäøóÝúÓó ÇáøóÊöí ÍóÑøóãó Çááøóåõ ÅöáÇøó ÈöÇáúÍóÞøö Ðáößõãú æóÕøóÇßõãú Èöåö áóÚóáøóßõãú ÊóÚúÞöáõæäó (151)
ÇÓúÊöÆúäóÇÝñ ÇÈúÊöÏóÇÆöíøñ áöáöÇäúÊöÞóÇáö ãöäú ÅöÈúØóÇáö ÊóÍúÑöíãö ãóÇ ÇÏøóÚóæúÇ ÊóÍúÑöíãóåõ ãöäú áõÍõæãö ÇáúÃóäúÚóÇãö¡ Åöáóì ÏóÚúæóÊöåöãú áöãóÚúÑöÝóÉö ÇáúãõÍóÑøóãóÇÊö¡ ÇáøóÊöí ÚöáúãõåóÇ ÍóÞøñ æóåõæó ÃóÍóÞøõ ÈöÃóäú íóÚúáóãõæåõ ãöãøóÇ ÇÎúÊóáóÞõæÇ ãöäö ÇÝúÊöÑóÇÆöåöãú æóãóæøóåõæÇ ÈöÌóÏóáöåöãú. æóÇáúãõäóÇÓóÈóÉõ áöåóÐóÇ ÇáöÇäúÊöÞóÇáö ÙóÇåöÑóÉñ ÝóÇáúãóÞóÇãõ ãóÞóÇãõ ÊóÚúáöíãò æóÅöÑúÔóÇÏò¡ æóáöÐóáößó ÇÈúÊõÏöÆó ÈöÃóãúÑö ÇáÑøóÓõæáö Úóáóíúåö ÇáÕøóáóÇÉõ æóÇáÓøóáóÇãõ ÈöÝöÚúáö ÇáúÞóæúáö ÇÓúÊöÑúÚóÇÁð áöáúÃóÓúãóÇÚö ßóãóÇ ÊóÞóÏøóãó ÂäöÝðÇ.(8-Ã/155)
æóÚõÞøöÈó ÈöÝöÚúáö: ÊóÚÇáóæúÇ ÇåúÊöãóÇãðÇ ÈöÇáúÛóÑóÖö ÇáúãõäúÊóÞóáö Åöáóíúåö ÈöÃóäøóåõ ÃóÌúÏóì Úóáóíúåöãú ãöäú Êöáúßó ÇáÓøóÝóÇÓöÝö ÇáøóÊöí ÇåÊãøæÇ ÈåóÇ æóåóÐóÇ Úóáóì ÃõÓúáõæÈö Þóæúáöåö ÊóÚóÇáóì: áóíúÓó ÇáúÈöÑøó Ãóäú ÊõæóáøõæÇ æõÌõæåóßõãú ÞöÈóáó ÇáúãóÔúÑöÞö æóÇáúãóÛúÑöÈö æóáßöäøó ÇáúÈöÑøó ãóäú Âãóäó ÈöÇááøóåö æóÇáúíóæúãö ÇáúÂÎöÑö [ÇáúÈóÞóÑóÉ: 177] ÇáúÂíóÇÊö. æóÞóæúáöåö:
ÃóÌóÚóáúÊõãú ÓöÞÇíóÉó ÇáúÍÇÌøö æóÚöãÇÑóÉó ÇáúãóÓúÌöÏö ÇáúÍóÑÇãö ßóãóäú Âãóäó ÈöÇááøóåö æóÇáúíóæúãö ÇáúÂÎöÑö [ÇáÊøóæúÈóÉ: 19] ÇáúÂíóÉó¡ áöíóÚúáóãõæÇ ÇáúÈóæúäó Èóíúäó ãóÇ íóÏúÚõæäó Åöáóíúåö Þóæúãóåõãú æóÈóíúäó ãóÇ íóÏúÚõæåõãú Åöáóíúåö ÇáúÅöÓúáóÇãõ¡ ãöäú ÌóáóÇÆöáö ÇáúÃóÚúãóÇáö¡ ÝóíóÚúáóãõæÇ Ãóäøóåõãú ÞóÏú ÃóÖóÇÚõæÇ ÃóÒúãóÇäóåõãú æóÃóÐúåóÇäóåõãú.
æóÇÝúÊöÊóÇÍõåõ ÈöØóáóÈö ÇáúÍõÖõæÑö Ïóáöíáñ Úóáóì Ãóäøó ÇáúÎöØóÇÈó áöáúãõÔúÑößöíäó ÇáøóÐöíäó ßóÇäõæÇ Ýöí ÅöÚúÑóÇÖò.
æóÞóÏú ÊóáóÇ Úóáóíúåöã ÃÍßÇãÇ ÞÏ ßóÇäõæÇ ÌóÇÑöíäó Úóáóì ÎöáóÇÝöåóÇ ãöãøóÇ ÃóÝúÓóÏó ÍóÇáóåõãú Ýöí ÌóÇåöáöíøóÊöåöãú¡ æóÝöí Ðóáößó ÊóÓúÌöíáñ Úóáóíúåöãú ÈöÓõæÁö ÃóÚúãóÇáöåöãú ãöãøóÇ íõÄúÎóÐõ ãöäó Çáäøóåúíö ÚóäúåóÇ æóÇáúÃóãúÑö ÈöÖöÏøöåóÇ.
æóÞóÏö ÇäúÞóÓóãóÊö ÇáúÃóÍúßóÇãõ ÇáøóÊöí ÊóÖóãøóäóÊúåóÇ åóÐöåö ÇáúÌõãóáõ ÇáúãõÊóÚóÇØöÝóÉõ Ýöí ÇáúÂíóÇÊö ÇáËøóáóÇËö ÇáúãõÝúÊóÊóÍóÉö ÈöÞóæúáöåö: Þõáú ÊóÚÇáóæúÇ ÃóÊúáõ ãóÇ ÍóÑøóãó ÑóÈøõßõãú Úóáóíúßõãú Åöáóì ËóáóÇËóÉö ÃóÞúÓóÇãò:
ÇáúÃóæøóáõ: ÃóÍúßóÇãñ ÈöåóÇ ÅöÕúáóÇÍõ ÇáúÍóÇáóÉö ÇáöÇÌúÊöãóÇÚöíøóÉö ÇáúÚóÇãøóÉö Èóíúäó ÇáäøóÇÓö æóåõæó ãóÇ ÇÝúÊÊÍ ÈÞæáå:
ÃóáøóÇ ÊõÔúÑößõæÇ Èöåö ÔóíúÆÇð.
ÇáËøóÇäöí: ãóÇ Èöåö ÍöÝúÙõ äöÙóÇãö ÊóÚóÇãõáö ÇáäøóÇÓö ÈóÚúÖöåõãú ãóÚó ÈóÚúÖò æóåõæó ÇáúãõÝúÊóÊóÍõ ÈöÞóæúáöåö: æóáÇ ÊóÞúÑóÈõæÇ ãÇáó ÇáúíóÊöíãö
[ÇáúÃóäúÚóÇã: 152] .
ÇáËøóÇáöËõ: ÃóÕúáñ ßõáøöíøñ ÌóÇãöÚñ áöÌóãöíÚö ÇáúåõÏóì æóåõæó ÇÊøöÈóÇÚõ ØóÑöíÞö ÇáúÅöÓúáóÇãö æóÇáÊøóÍóÑøõÒö ãöäó
ÇáúÎõÑõæÌö Úóäúåõ Åöáóì ÓõÈõáö ÇáÖøóáóÇáö æóåõæó ÇáúãõÝúÊóÊóÍõ ÈöÞóæúáöåö: æóÃóäøó åóÐóÇ ÕöÑÇØöí ãõÓúÊóÞöíãÇð ÝóÇÊøóÈöÚõæåõ [ÇáúÃóäúÚóÇã: 153] .
æóÞóÏú Ðõíøöáó ßõáøõ ÞöÓúãò ãöäú åóÐöåö ÇáúÃóÞúÓóÇãö ÈöÇáúæöÕóÇíóÉö Èöåö ÈöÞóæúáöåö: Ðáößõãú æóÕøóÇßõãú Èöåö ËóáóÇËó ãóÑøóÇÊò.(8-Ã/156)
æó (ÊóÚóÇáó) ÝöÚúáõ ÃóãúÑò¡ ÃóÕúáõåõ íõÄúãóÑõ Èöåö ãóäú íõÑóÇÏõ ÕõÚõæÏõåõ Åöáóì ãóßóÇäò ãõÑúÊóÝöÚò ÝóæúÞó ãóßóÇäöåö¡ æóáóÚóáøó Ðóáößó áöÃóäøóåõãú ßóÇäõæÇ ÅöÐóÇ äóÇÏóæúÇ Åöáóì ÃóãúÑò ãõåöãøò ÇÑúÊóÞóì ÇáúãõäóÇÏöí Úóáóì ÑóÈúæóÉò áöíõÓúãóÚó ÕóæúÊõåõ¡ Ëõãøó ÔóÇÚó ÅöØúáóÇÞõ (ÊóÚóÇáó) Úóáóì ØóáóÈö ÇáúãóÌöíÁö ãóÌóÇÒðÇ ÈöÚóáóÇÞóÉö ÇáúÅöØúáóÇÞö Ýóåõæó ãóÌóÇÒñ ÔóÇÆöÚñ ÕóÇÑó ÍóÞöíÞóÉð ÚõÑúÝöíøóÉð¡ ÝóÃóÕúáõåõ ÝöÚúáõ ÃóãúÑò áóÇ ãóÍóÇáóÉó ãöäó ÇáÊøóÚóÇáöí æóåõæó ÊóßóáøõÝõ ÇáöÇÚúÊöáóÇÁö Ëõãøó äõÞöáó Åöáóì ØóáóÈö ÇáúÅöÞúÈóÇáö ãõØúáóÞðÇ¡ ÝóÞöíáó: åõæó ÇÓúãõ ÝöÚúáö ÃóãúÑò ÈöãóÚúäóì (ÇÞúÏóãú) ¡ áöÃóäøóåõãú æóÌóÏõæåõ ÛóíúÑó ãõÊóÕóÑøöÝò Ýöí ÇáúßóáóÇãö ÅöÐú áóÇ íõÞóÇáõ: ÊóÚóÇáóíúÊõ ÈöãóÚúäóì (ÞóÏöãúÊõ) ¡ æóáóÇ ÊóÚóÇáóì Åöáóíøó ÝõáóÇäñ ÈöãóÚúäóì ÌóÇÁó¡ æóÃóíøðÇ ãóÇ ßóÇäó ÝóÞóÏú áóÒöãóÊúåõ ÚóáóÇãóÇÊñ ãõäóÇÓöÈóÉñ áöÍóÇáö ÇáúãõÎóÇØóÈö Èöåö ÝóíõÞóÇáõ: ÊóÚóÇáóæúÇ æóÊóÚóÇáóíúäó. æóÈöÐóáößó ÑóÌøóÍó ÌõãúåõæÑõ ÇáäøõÍóÇÉö Ãóäøóåõ ÝöÚúáõ ÃóãúÑò æóáóíúÓó ÈöÇÓúãö ÝöÚúáò¡ æóáöÃóäøóåõ áóæú ßóÇäó ÇÓúãó ÝöÚúáò áóãóÇ áóÍöÞóÊúåõ ÇáúÚóáóÇãóÇÊõ¡ æóáóßóÇäó ãöËúáó: åóáõãøó æóåóíúåóÇÊó.
æÃóÊúáõ ÌóæóÇÈõ ÊóÚÇáóæúÇ¡ æóÇáÊøöáóÇæóÉõ ÇáúÞöÑóÇÁóÉõ¡ æóÇáÓøóÑúÏõ æóÍößóÇíóÉõ ÇááøóÝúÙö¡ æóÞóÏú ÊóÞóÏøóãó ÚöäúÏó Þóæúáöåö ÊóÚóÇáóì: æóÇÊøóÈóÚõæÇ ãóÇ ÊóÊúáõæÇ ÇáÔøóíÇØöíäõ Úóáì ãõáúßö ÓõáóíúãÇäó [ÇáúÈóÞóÑóÉ: 102] . æÃóáøóÇ ÊõÔúÑößõæÇ ÊóÝúÓöíÑñ áöáÊøöáóÇæóÉö áöÃóäøóåóÇ Ýöí ãóÚúäóì ÇáúÞóæúáö.
æóÐõßöÑóÊú ÝöíãóÇ ÍóÑøóãó Çááøóåõ Úóáóíúåöãú ÃóÔúíóÇÁó áóíúÓóÊú ãöäú ÞóÈöíáö ÇááøõÍõæãö ÅöÔóÇÑóÉð Åöáóì Ãóäøó ÇáöÇåúÊöãóÇãó ÈöÇáúãõÍóÑøóãóÇÊö ÇáúÝóæóÇÍöÔö Ãóæúáóì ãöäó ÇáúÚõßõæÝö Úóáóì ÏöÑóÇÓóÉö ÃóÍúßóÇãö ÇáúÃóØúÚöãóÉö¡ ÊóÚúÑöíÖðÇ ÈöÕóÑúÝö ÇáúãõÔúÑößöíäó åöãøóÊóåõãú Åöáóì ÈóíóÇäö ÇáúÃóØúÚöãóÉö æóÊóÖúíöíÚöåöãú ÊóÒúßöíóÉó äõÝõæÓöåöãú æóßóÝøö ÇáúãóÝóÇÓöÏö Úóäö ÇáäøóÇÓö¡ æóäóÙöíÑõåõ Þóæúáõåõ: Þõáú ãóäú ÍóÑøóãó ÒöíäóÉó Çááøóåö ÇáøóÊöí ÃóÎúÑóÌó áöÚöÈÇÏöåö- Åöáóì Þóæúáöåö- ÅöäøóãÇ ÍóÑøóãó ÑóÈøöíó ÇáúÝóæÇÍöÔó ãóÇ ÙóåóÑó ãöäúåÇ [ÇáúÃóÚúÑóÇÝ: 32¡ 33] ÇáúÂíóÉó.
æóÞóÏú ÐõßöÑóÊö ÇáúãõÍóÑøóãóÇÊõ: ÈóÚúÖõåóÇ ÈöÕöíÛóÉö Çáäøóåúíö¡ æóÈóÚúÖõåóÇ ÈöÕöíÛóÉö ÇáúÃóãúÑö ÇáÕøóÑöíÍö Ãóæö ÇáúãõÄóæøóáö¡ áöÃóäøó ÇáúÃóãúÑó ÈöÇáÔøóíúÁö íóÞúÊóÖöí Çáäøóåúíó Úóäú ÖöÏøöåö¡ æóäõßúÊóÉõ ÇáöÇÎúÊöáóÇÝö Ýöí ÕöíÛóÉö ÇáØøóáóÈö áóåóÇÊöåö ÇáúãóÚúÏõæÏóÇÊö ÓóäõÈóíøöäõåóÇ.
æóÃóä ÊóÝúÓöíÑöíøóÉñ áöÝöÚúáö: ÃóÊúáõ áöÃóäøó ÇáÊøöáóÇæóÉó ÝöíåóÇ ãóÚúäóì ÇáúÞóæúáö. ÝóÌõãúáóÉõ: ÃóáøóÇ ÊõÔúÑößõæÇ Ýöí ãóæúÞöÚö ÚóØúÝö ÈóíóÇäò.(8-Ã/157)
æóÇáöÇÈúÊöÏóÇÁõ ÈöÇáäøóåúíö Úóäö ÇáúÅöÔúÑóÇßö áöÃóäøó ÅöÕúáóÇÍó ÇáöÇÚúÊöÞóÇÏö åõæó
ãöÝúÊóÇÍõ ÈóÇÈö ÇáúÅöÕúáóÇÍö Ýöí ÇáúÚóÇÌöáö¡ æóÇáúÝóáóÇÍö Ýöí ÇáúÂÌöáö.
æóÞóæúáõåõ: æóÈöÇáúæÇáöÏóíúäö ÅöÍúÓÇäÇð ÚóØúÝñ Úáì ÌãáóÉ: ÃóáøóÇ ÊõÔúÑößõæÇ. æÅöÍúÓÇäÇð ãóÕúÏóÑñ äóÇÈó ãóäóÇÈó ÝöÚúáöåö¡ Ãóíú æóÃóÍúÓöäõæÇ ÈöÇáúæóÇáöÏóíúäö ÅöÍúÓóÇäðÇ¡ æóåõæó ÃóãúÑñ ÈöÇáúÅöÍúÓóÇäö ÅöáóíúåöãóÇ ÝóíõÝöíÏõ Çáäøóåúíó Úóäú ÖöÏøöåö: æóåõæó ÇáúÅöÓóÇÁóÉõ Åöáóì ÇáúæóÇáöÏóíúäö¡ æóÈöÐóáößó ÇáöÇÚúÊöÈóÇÑö æóÞóÚó åõäóÇ Ýöí ÚöÏóÇÏö ãóÇ ÍóÑøóãó Çááøóåõ áöÃóäøó ÇáúãõÍóÑøóãó åõæó ÇáúÅöÓóÇÁóÉõ áöáúæóÇáöÏóíúäö. æóÅöäøóãóÇ ÚóÏóáó Úóäö Çáäøóåúíö Úóäö ÇáúÅöÓóÇÁóÉö Åöáóì ÇáúÃóãúÑö ÈöÇáúÅöÍúÓóÇäö ÇÚúÊöäóÇÁð ÈöÇáúæóÇáöÏóíúäö¡ áöÃóäøó Çááøóåó ÃóÑóÇÏó ÈöÑøóåõãóÇ¡ æóÇáúÈöÑøõ ÅöÍúÓóÇäñ¡ æóÇáúÃóãúÑõ Èöåö íóÊóÖóãøóäõ Çáäøóåúíó Úóäö ÇáúÅöÓóÇÁóÉö ÅöáóíúåöãóÇ ÈöØóÑöíÞö ÝóÍúæóì ÇáúÎöØóÇÈö¡ æóÞóÏú ßóÇäó ßóËöíÑñ ãöäó ÇáúÚóÑóÈö Ýöí ÌóÇåöáöíøóÊöåöãú Ãóåúáó ÌáÇÝÉ¡ ÝóßóÇäó ÇáúÃóæúáóÇÏ áóÇ íõæóÞøöÑõæäó ÂÈóÇÁóåõãú ÅöÐóÇ ÃóÖúÚóÝóåõãõ ÇáúßöÈóÑõ. ÝóáöÐóáößó ßóËõÑóÊú æöÕóÇíóÉõ ÇáúÞõÑúÂäö ÈöÇáúÅöÍúÓóÇäö ÈöÇáúæóÇáöÏóíúäö.
æóÞóæúáõåõ: æóáÇ ÊóÞúÊõáõæÇ ÃóæúáÇÏóßõãú ãöäú ÅöãúáÇÞò ÌõãúáóÉñ ÚõØöÝóÊú Úóáóì ÇáúÌõãúáóÉö ÞóÈúáóåóÇ ÃõÑöíÏó Èöåö Çáäøóåúíõ Úóäö ÇáúæóÃúÏö¡ æóÞóÏú ÊóÞóÏøóãó ÈóíóÇäõåõ ÚöäúÏó Þóæúáöåö ÊóÚóÇáóì Ýöí åóÐöåö ÇáÓøõæÑóÉö [137] : æóßóÐáößó Òóíøóäó áößóËöíÑò ãöäó ÇáúãõÔúÑößöíäó ÞóÊúáó ÃóæúáÇÏöåöãú ÔõÑóßÇÄõåõãú. æó (ãöäú) ÊóÚúáöíáöíøóÉñ¡ æóÃóÕúáõåóÇ ÇáöÇÈúÊöÏóÇÆöíøóÉõ ÝóÌõÚöáó ÇáúãóÚúáõæá ßÃäøå ãÈÊÏìÁ ãöäú ÚöáøóÊöåö.
æóÇáúÅöãúáóÇÞõ: ÇáúÝóÞúÑõ¡ æóßóæúäõåõ ÚöáøóÉð áöÞóÊúáö ÇáúÃóæúáóÇÏö íóÞóÚõ Úóáóì æóÌúåóíúäö: Ãóäú íóßõæäó ÍóÇÕöáðÇ ÈöÇáúÝöÚúáö¡ æóåõæó ÇáúãõÑóÇÏõ åõäóÇ¡ æóåõæó ÇáøóÐöí ÊóÞúÊóÖöíåö (ãöäú) ÇáÊøóÚúáöíáöíøóÉõ¡ æóÃóäú íóßõæäó ãõÊóæóÞøóÚó ÇáúÍõÕõæáö ßóãóÇ ÞóÇáó ÊóÚóÇáóì¡ Ýöí ÂíóÉö ÓõæÑóÉö ÇáúÅöÓúÑóÇÁö [31] : æóáÇ ÊóÞúÊõáõæÇ ÃóæúáÇÏóßõãú ÎóÔúíóÉó ÅöãúáÇÞò áöÃóäøóåõãú ßóÇäõæÇ íóÆöÏõæäó ÈóäóÇÊóåõãú ÅöãøóÇ áöáúÚóÌúÒö Úóäö ÇáúÞöíóÇãö Èöåöäøó æóÅöãøóÇ áöÊóæóÞøõÚò Ðóáößó. ÞóÇáó ÅöÓúÍóÇÞõ Èúäõ ÎóáóÝò¡ æóåõæó ÅöÓúáóÇãöíøñ ÞóÏöíãñ:
ÅöÐóÇ ÊóÐóßøóÑúÊõ ÈöäúÊöí Íöíäó ÊóäúÏõÈõäöí ... ÝóÇÖóÊú áöÚóÈúÑóÉö ÈöäúÊöí ÚóÈúÑóÊöí ÈöÏóãö
ÃõÍóÇÐöÑõ ÇáúÝóÞúÑó íóæúãðÇ Ãóäú íõáöãøó ÈöåóÇ ... ÝóíõßúÔóÝõ ÇáÓøöÊúÑõ Úóäú áóÍúãò Úóáóì æóÖóãö(8-Ã/158)
æóÞóÏú ÊóÞóÏøóãó ÚöäúÏó Þóæúáöåö ÊóÚóÇáóì: æóßóÐáößó Òóíøóäó áößóËöíÑò ãöäó ÇáúãõÔúÑößöíäó ÞóÊúáó ÃóæúáÇÏöåöãú ÔõÑóßÇÄõåõãú Ýöí åóÐöåö ÇáÓøõæÑóÉö [137] .
æóÌõãúáóÉõ: äóÍúäõ äóÑúÒõÞõßõãú æóÅöíøóÇåõãú ãõÚúÊóÑöÖóÉñ¡ ãõÓúÊóÃúäóÝóÉñ¡ ÚöáøóÉñ áöáäøóåúíö Úóäú ÞóÊúáöåöãú¡ ÅöÈúØóÇáðÇ áöãóÚúÐöÑóÊöåöãú: áöÃóäøó ÇáúÝóÞúÑó ÞóÏú ÌóÚóáõæåõ ÚõÐúÑðÇ áöÞóÊúáö ÇáúÃóæúáóÇÏö¡ æóãóÚó ßóæúäö ÇáúÝóÞúÑö áóÇ íóÕúáõÍõ Ãóäú íóßõæäó ÏóÇÚöíðÇ áöÞóÊúáö ÇáäøóÝúÓö¡ ÝóÞóÏú Èóíøóäó Çááøóåõ Ãóäøóåõ áóãøóÇ ÎóáóÞó ÇáúÃóæúáóÇÏó ÝóÞóÏú ÞóÏøóÑó ÑöÒúÞóåõãú¡ Ýóãöäó ÇáúÍóãóÇÞóÉö Ãóäú íóÙõäøó ÇáúÃóÈõ Ãóäøó ÚóÌúÒóåõ Úóäú ÑöÒúÞöåöãú íõÎóæøöáõåõ ÞóÊúáóåõãú¡ æóßóÇäó ÇáúÃóÌúÏóÑõ Èöåö Ãóäú íóßúÊóÓöÈó áóåõãú.
æóÚóÏóáó Úóäú ØóÑöíÞö ÇáúÛóíúÈóÉö ÇáøóÐöí ÌóÑóì Úóáóíúåö ÇáúßóáóÇãõ ãöäú Þóæúáöåö: ãóÇ ÍóÑøóãó ÑóÈøõßõãú Åöáóì ØóÑöíÞö ÇáÊøóßóáøõãö ÈöÖóãöíÑö: äóÑúÒõÞõßõãú ÊóÐúßöíÑðÇ ÈöÇáøóÐöí ÃóãóÑó ÈöåóÐóÇ ÇáúÞóæúáö ßõáøöåö¡ ÍóÊøóì ßóÃóäøó Çááøóåó ÃóÞúÍóãó ßóáóÇãóåõ ÈöäóÝúÓöåö Ýöí ÃóËúäóÇÁö ßóáóÇãö ÑóÓõæáöåö ÇáøóÐöí ÃóãóÑóåõ Èöåö¡ Ýóßóáøóãó ÇáäøóÇÓó ÈöäóÝúÓöåö¡ æóÊóÃúßöíÏðÇ áÊÕÏíÞ ÇáÑøóÓõæá Õóáøóì Çááåõ Úóáóíúåö æóÓóáøóãó.
æóÐóßóÑó Çááøóåõ ÑöÒúÞóåõãú ãóÚó ÑöÒúÞö ÂÈóÇÆöåöãú¡ æóÞóÏøóãó ÑöÒúÞó ÇáúÂÈóÇÁö áöáúÅöÔóÇÑóÉö Åöáóì Ãóäøóåõ ßóãóÇ ÑóÒóÞó ÇáúÂÈóÇÁó¡ Ýóáóãú íóãõæÊõæÇ ÌõæÚðÇ¡ ßóÐóáößó íóÑúÒõÞõ ÇáúÃóÈúäóÇÁó¡ Úóáóì Ãóäøó ÇáúÝóÞúÑó ÅöäøóãóÇ ÇÚúÊóÑóì ÇáúÂÈóÇÁó Ýóáöãó íõÞúÊóáõ áöÃóÌúáöåö ÇáúÃóÈúäóÇÁõ.
æóÊóÞúÏöíãõ ÇáúãõÓúäóÏö Åöáóíúåö Úóáóì ÇáúãõÓúäóÏö ÇáúÝöÚúáöíøö. åõäóÇ áöÅöÝóÇÏóÉö ÇáöÇÎúÊöÕóÇÕö: Ãóíú äóÍúäõ äóÑúÒõÞõßõãú æóÅöíøóÇåõãú áóÇ ÃóäúÊõãú ÊóÑúÒõÞõæäó ÃóäúÝõÓóßõãú æóáóÇ ÊóÑúÒõÞõæäó ÃóÈúäóÇÁóßõãú. æóÞóÏú ÈóíøóäúÊõ ÂäöÝðÇ Ãóäøó ÞóÈóÇÆöáó ßóËöíÑóÉð ßóÇäóÊú ÊóÆöÏõ ÇáúÈóäóÇÊö. ÝóáöÐóáößó ÍõÐøöÑõæÇ Ýöí åóÐöåö ÇáúÂíóÉö.
æóÌõãúáóÉõ: æóáÇ ÊóÞúÑóÈõæÇ ÇáúÝóæÇÍöÔó ãóÇ ÙóåóÑó ãöäúåÇ æóãÇ ÈóØóäó ÚóØúÝñ Úóáóì ãóÇ ÞóÈúáóåõ. æóåõæó äóåúíñ Úóäö ÇÞúÊöÑóÇÝö ÇáúÂËóÇãö¡ æóÞóÏú äóåóì Úóä ÇáúÞÑÈ ãöäúåóÇ¡ æóåõæó ÃóÈúáóÛõ Ýöí ÇáÊøóÍúÐöíÑö ãöäó Çáäøóåúíö Úóäú ãõáóÇÈóÓóÊöåóÇ: áöÃóäøó ÇáúÞõÑúÈó ãöäó ÇáÔøóíúÁö ãóÙöäøóÉõ ÇáúæõÞõæÚö Ýöíåö¡ æóáóãøóÇ áóãú íóßõäú áöáúÅöËúãö ÞõÑúÈñ æóÈõÚúÏñ ßóÇäó ÇáúÞõÑúÈõ ãõÑóÇÏðÇ Èöåö ÇáúßöäóÇíóÉõ Úóäú ãõáóÇÈóÓóÉö ÇáúÅöËúãö ÃóÞóáøó ãõáóÇÈóÓóÉò¡ áöÃóäøóåõ ãöäó ÇáúãõÊóÚóÇÑóÝö Ãóäú íõÞóÇáó Ðóáößó Ýöí ÇáúÃõãõæÑö ÇáúãõÓúÊóÞöÑøóÉööö(8-Ã/159)
Ýöí ÇáúÃóãúßöäóÉö ÅöÐóÇ Þöíáó áóÇ ÊóÞúÑóÈú ãöäúåóÇ Ýõåöãõ Çáäøóåúíõ Úóäö ÇáúÞõÑúÈö ãöäúåóÇ áöíóßõæäó Çáäøóåúíõ Úóäú ãõáóÇÈóÓóÊöåóÇ ÈöÇáúÃóÍúÑóì¡ ÝóáóãøóÇ ÊóÚóÐøóÑó ÇáúãóÚúäóì ÇáúãõØóÇÈöÞöíøõ åõäóÇ ÊóÚóíøóäóÊú ÅöÑóÇÏóÉõ ÇáúãóÚúäóì ÇáöÇáúÊöÒóÇãöíøö ÈöÃóÈúáóÛö æóÌúåò.
æóÇáúÝóæóÇÍöÔõ: ÇáúÂËóÇãõ ÇáúßóÈöíÑóÉõ¡ æóåöíó ÇáúãõÔúÊóãöáóÉõ Úóáóì ãóÝóÇÓöÏó¡ æóÊóÞóÏøóãó ÈóíóÇäõåóÇ ÚöäúÏó Þóæúáöåö ÊóÚóÇáóì: ÅöäøóãÇ íóÃúãõÑõßõãú ÈöÇáÓøõæÁö æóÇáúÝóÍúÔÇÁö Ýöí ÓõæÑóÉö ÇáúÈóÞóÑóÉö [169] .
æóãóÇ ÙóåóÑó ãöäúåÇ ãóÇ íõÙúåöÑõæäóåõ æóáóÇ íóÓúÊóÎúÝõæäó Èöåö¡ ãöËúáõ ÇáúÛóÖóÈö æóÇáúÞóÐúÝö. æóãÇ ÈóØóäó ãóÇ íóÓúÊóÎúÝõæäó Èöåö æóÃóßúËóÑõåõ ÇáÒøöäóÇ æóÇáÓøóÑöÞóÉõ æóßóÇäóÇ ÝóÇÔöíóíúäö Ýöí ÇáúÚóÑóÈö.
æóãöäó ÇáúãõÝóÓøöÑöíäó ãóäú ÝóÓøóÑó ÇáúÝóæóÇÍöÔó ÈöÇáÒøöäóÇ¡ æóÌóÚóáó ãóÇ ÙóåóÑó ãöäúåóÇ ãóÇ íóÝúÚóáõåõ ÓõÝóåóÇÄõåõãú Ýöí ÇáúÍóæóÇäöíÊö æóÏöíóÇÑö ÇáúÈóÛóÇíóÇ¡ æóÈöãóÇ ÈóØóäó ÇÊøöÎóÇÐó ÇáúÃóÎúÏóÇäö ÓöÑøðÇ¡ æóÑõæöíó åóÐóÇ Úóäö ÇáÓøõÏøöíøö. æóÑõæöíó Úóäö ÇáÖøóÍøóÇßö æóÇÈúäö ÚóÈøóÇÓò: ßóÇäó Ãóåúáõ ÇáúÌóÇåöáöíøóÉö íóÑóæúäó ÇáÒøöäóÇ ÓöÑøðÇ ÍóáóÇáðÇ¡ æóíóÓúÊóÞúÈöÍõæäóåõ Ýöí ÇáúÚóáóÇäöíóÉö¡ ÝóÍóÑøóãó Çááøóåõ ÇáÒøöäóì Ýöí ÇáÓøöÑøö æóÇáúÚóáóÇäöíóÉö. æóÚöäúÏöí Ãóäøó ÕöíÛóÉó ÇáúÌóãúÚö Ýöí ÇáúÝóæóÇÍöÔö ÊõÑóÌøöÍõ ÇáÊøóÝúÓöíÑó ÇáúÃóæøóáó ßóÞóæúáöåö ÊóÚóÇáóì: ÇáøóÐöíäó íóÌúÊóäöÈõæäó ßóÈÇÆöÑó ÇáúÅöËúãö æóÇáúÝóæÇÍöÔó ÅöáøóÇ Çááøóãóãó [ÇáäøóÌúã: 32] .
æóáóÚóáøó ÇáøóÐöí Íóãóáó åóÄõáóÇÁö Úóáóì ÊóÝúÓöíÑö ÇáúÝóæóÇÍöÔö ÈöÇáÒøöäóì Þóæúáõåõ Ýöí ÓõæÑóÉö ÇáúÅöÓúÑóÇÁö [32] Ýöí ÂíóÇÊò
ÚÏøÏÊ ãäåíÇÊ ßóËöíÑóÉ ÊõÔóÇÈöåõ ÂíóÇÊö åóÐöåö ÇáÓøõæÑóÉö æóåöíó Þóæúáõåõ: æóáÇ ÊóÞúÑóÈõæÇ ÇáÒøöäì Åöäøóåõ ßÇäó ÝÇÍöÔóÉð æóÓÇÁó ÓóÈöíáðÇ æóáóíúÓó íóáúÒóãõ Ãóäú íóßõæäó ÇáúãõÑóÇÏõ ÈöÇáúÂíóÇÊö ÇáúãõÊóãóÇËöáóÉö æóÇÍöÏðÇ.
æóÊóÞóÏøóãó ÇáúÞóæúáõ Ýöí: ãóÇ ÙóåóÑó ãöäúåÇ æóãÇ ÈóØóäó ÚöäúÏó Þóæúáöåö ÊóÚóÇáóì: æóÐóÑõæÇ ÙÇåöÑó ÇáúÅöËúãö æóÈÇØöäóåõ Ýöí åóÐöåö ÇáÓøõæÑóÉö [120] .
æóÃóÚúÞóÈó Ðóáößó ÈöÇáäøóåúíö Úóäú ÞóÊúáö ÇáäøóÝúÓö¡ æóåõæó ãöäó ÇáúÝóæóÇÍöÔö Úóáóì ÊóÝúÓöíÑöåóÇ ÈöÇáúÃóÚóãøö¡ ÊóÎúÕöíÕðÇ áóåõ ÈöÇáÐøößúÑö: áöÃóäøóåõ ÝóÓóÇÏñ ÚóÙöíãñ¡ æóáöÃóäøóåõ ßóÇäó ãõÊóÝóÔøöíðÇ Èóíúäó ÇáúÚóÑóÈö. æóÇáÊøóÚúÑöíÝõ Ýöí ÇáäøóÝúÓö ÊóÚúÑöíÝõ ÇáúÌöäúÓö¡ ÝóíõÝöíÏõ ÇáöÇÓúÊöÛúÑóÇÞó.(8-Ã/160)
æóæõÕöÝóÊú Èö ÇáøóÊöí ÍóÑøóãó Çááøóåõ ÊóÃúßöíÏðÇ áöáÊøóÍúÑöíãö ÈöÃóäøóåõ ÊóÍúÑöíãñ ÞóÏöíãñ ÝóÅöäøó Çááøóåó ÍóÑøóãó ÞóÊúáó ÇáäøóÝúÓö ãöäú ÚóåúÏö ÂÏóãó¡ æóÊóÚúáöíÞõ ÇáÊøóÍúÑöíãö ÈöÇáäøóÝúÓö: åõæó Úóáóì æóÌúåö ÏóáóÇáóÉö ÇáöÇÞúÊöÖóÇÁö¡ Ãóíú ÍóÑøóãó Çááøóåõ ÞóÊúáóåóÇ Úóáóì ãóÇ åõæó ÇáúãóÚúÑõæÝõ Ýöí ÊóÚúáöíÞö ÇáÊøóÍúÑöíãö æóÇáÊøóÍúáöíáö ÈöÃóÚúíóÇäö ÇáÐøóæóÇÊö Ãóäøóåõ íõÑóÇÏõ ÊóÚúáöíÞõåõ ÈöÇáúãóÚúäóì ÇáøóÐöí ÊõÓúÊóÚúãóáõ Êöáúßó ÇáÐøóÇÊõ Ýöíåö ßóÞóæúáöåö: ÃõÍöáøóÊú áóßõãú ÈóåöíãóÉõ ÇáúÃóäúÚÇãö [ÇáúãóÇÆöÏóÉ: 1] Ãóíú¡ ÃóßúáõåóÇ¡ æóíóÌõæÒõ Ãóäú íóßõæäó ãóÚúäóì: ÍóÑøóãó Çááøóåõ ÌóÚóáóåóÇ Çááøóåõ ÍóÑóãðÇ Ãóíú ÔóíúÆðÇ ãõÍúÊóÑãÇ áóÇ íÚÊÏì Úóáóíúåö¡ ßóÞóæúáöåö ÊóÚóÇáóì: ÅöäøóãÇ ÃõãöÑúÊõ Ãóäú ÃóÚúÈõÏó ÑóÈøó åÐöåö ÇáúÈóáúÏóÉö ÇáøóÐöí ÍóÑøóãóåÇ [Çáäøóãúá: 91] .
æóÝöí ÇáúÍóÏöíËö: «æóÅöäøöí ÃõÍóÑøöãõ ãóÇ Èóíúäó áóÇÈóÊóíúåóÇ»
. æóÞóæáå: ÅöáøóÇ ÈöÇáúÍóÞøö ÇÓúÊöËúäóÇÁñ ãõÝóÑøóÛñ ãä Úõãõæã ÃóÍúæóÇá ãõáóÇÈóÓóÉó ÇáúÞóÊúáö¡ Ãóíú áóÇ ÊóÞúÊõáõæåóÇ Ýöí ÃóíøóÉö ÍóÇáóÉò Ãóæú ÈöÃóíøö ÓóÈóÈò ÊóäúÊóÍöáõæäóåõ ÅöáøóÇ ÈöÓóÈóÈö ÇáúÍóÞøö¡ ÝóÇáúÈóÇÁõ áöáúãõáóÇÈóÓóÉö Ãóæö ÇáÓøóÈóÈöíøóÉö.
æóÇáúÍóÞøõ ÖöÏøõ ÇáúÈóÇØöáö¡ æóåõæó ÇáúÃóãúÑõ ÇáøóÐöí ÍóÞøó¡ Ãóíú ËóÈóÊó Ãóäøóåõ ÛóíúÑõ ÈóÇØöáò Ýöí Íõßúãö ÇáÔøóÑöíÚóÉö æóÚöäúÏó Ãóåúáö ÇáúÚõÞõæáö ÇáÓøóáöíãóÉö ÇáúÈóÑöíÆóÉö ãöäú åóæðì Ãóæú ÔóåúæóÉò ÎóÇÕøóÉò¡ Ýóíóßõæäõ ÇáúÃóãúÑõ ÇáøóÐöí ÇÊøóÝóÞóÊö ÇáúÚõÞõæáõ Úóáóì ÞóÈõæáöåö¡ æóåõæó ãóÇ ÇÊøóÝóÞóÊú Úóáóíúåö ÇáÔøóÑóÇÆöÚõ¡ Ãóæö ÇáøóÐöí ÇÕúØóáóÍó Ãóåúáõ äóÒúÚóÉò ÎóÇÕøóÉò Úóáóì Ãóäøóåõ íóÍöÞøõ æõÞõæÚõåõ æóåõæó ãóÇ ÇÕúØóáóÍóÊú Úóáóíúåö ÔóÑöíÚóÉñ ÎóÇÕøóÉñ ÈöÃõãøóÉò Ãóæú Òóãóäò.
ÝóÇáÊøóÚúÑöíÝõ Ýöí: ÇáúÍóÞøö áöáúÌöäúÓö¡ æóÇáúãõÑóÇÏõ Èöåö ãóÇ íóÊóÍóÞøóÞõ Ýöíåö ãóÇåöíøóÉõ ÇáúÍóÞøö ÇáúãõÊóÞóÏøöãö ÔóÑúÍõåóÇ¡ æóÍóíúËõãóÇ ÃõØúáöÞó Ýöí ÇáúÅöÓúáóÇãö ÝóÇáúãõÑóÇÏõ Èöåö ãóÇåöíøóÊõåõ Ýöí äóÙóÑö ÇáúÅöÓúáóÇãö¡ æóÞóÏú ÝóÕøóáó ÇáúÅöÓúáóÇãõ ÍóÞøó ÞóÊúáö ÇáäøóÝúÓö ÈöÇáúÞõÑúÂäö æóÇáÓøõäøóÉö¡ æóåõæó ÞóÊúáõ ÇáúãõÍóÇÑöÈö æóÇáúÞöÕóÇÕõ¡ æóåóÐóÇäö ÈöäóÕøö ÇáúÞõÑúÂäö¡ æóÞóÊúáõ ÇáúãõÑúÊóÏøö Úóäö ÇáúÅöÓúáóÇãö ÈóÚúÏó ÇÓúÊöÊóÇÈóÊöåö¡ æóÞóÊúáõ ÇáÒøóÇäöí ÇáúãõÍúÕóäö¡ æóÞóÊúáõ ÇáúãõãúÊóäöÚö ãöäú ÃóÏóÇÁö ÇáÕøóáóÇÉö ÈóÚúÏó ÅöäúÙóÇÑöåö ÍóÊøóì íóÎúÑõÌó æóÞúÊõåóÇ¡ æóåóÐöåö ÇáËøóáóÇËóÉõ æóÑóÏóÊú ÈöåóÇ ÃóÍóÇÏöíËõ Úóä ÇáäøÈíÁ Õóáøóì Çááåõ Úóáóíúåö æóÓóáøóãó¡ æóãöäúåõ ÇáúÞóÊúáõ ÇáäøóÇÔöÆõ Úóäú ÅößúÑóÇåò æóÏöÝóÇÚò ãóÃúÐõæäò Ýöíåö ÔóÑúÚðÇ æóÐóáößó ÞóÊúáõ ãóäú íõÞúÊóáõ ãöäó ÇáúÈõÛóÇÉö æóåõæó ÈöäóÕøö
ÇáúÞõÑúÂäö¡ æóÞóÊúáõ ãóäú íõÞúÊóáõ ãöäú ãóÇäöÚöí(8-Ã/161)
æóáóÇ ÊóÞúÑóÈõæÇ ãóÇáó ÇáúíóÊöíãö ÅöáøóÇ ÈöÇáøóÊöí åöíó ÃóÍúÓóäõ ÍóÊøóì íóÈúáõÛó ÃóÔõÏøóåõ æóÃóæúÝõæÇ Çáúßóíúáó æóÇáúãöíÒóÇäó ÈöÇáúÞöÓúØö áóÇ äõßóáøöÝõ äóÝúÓðÇ ÅöáøóÇ æõÓúÚóåóÇ æóÅöÐóÇ ÞõáúÊõãú ÝóÇÚúÏöáõæÇ æóáóæú ßóÇäó ÐóÇ ÞõÑúÈóì æóÈöÚóåúÏö Çááøóåö ÃóæúÝõæÇ Ðóáößõãú æóÕøóÇßõãú Èöåö áóÚóáøóßõãú ÊóÐóßøóÑõæäó (152)
ÇáÒøóßóÇÉö æóåõæó ÈöÅöÌúãóÇÚö ÇáÕøóÍóÇÈóÉö¡ æóÃóãøóÇ ÇáúÌöåóÇÏõ ÝóÛóíúÑõ ÏóÇÎöáò Ýöí Þóæúáöåö: ÅöáøóÇ ÈöÇáúÍóÞøö¡ æóáóßöäøó ÞóÊúáó ÇáúÃóÓöíÑö Ýöí ÇáúÌöåóÇÏö ÅöÐóÇ ßóÇäó áöãóÕúáóÍóÉò ßóÇäó ÍóÞøðÇ¡ æóÞóÏú ÝóÕøóáúäóÇ ÇáúßóáóÇãó Úóáóì äóÙöíÑö åóÐöåö ÇáúÂíóÉö Ýöí ÓõæÑóÉö ÇáúÅöÓúÑóÇÁö.
æóÇáúÅöÔóÇÑóÉõ ÈöÞóæúáöåö: Ðáößõãú æóÕøóÇßõãú Èöåö Åöáóì ãóÌúãõæÚö ãóÇ ÐóßóÑó¡ æóáöÐóáößó ÃóÝúÑóÏó ÇÓúãó ÇáúÅöÔóÇÑóÉö ÈöÇÚúÊöÈóÇÑö ÇáúãóÐúßõæÑö¡ æóáóæú ÃóÊóì ÈöÅöÔóÇÑóÉö ÇáúÌóãúÚö áóßóÇäó Ðóáößó ÝóÕöíÍðÇ¡ æóãöäúåõ: ßõáøõ ÃõæáÆößó ßÇäó Úóäúåõ ãóÓúÄõáðÇ [ÇáúÅöÓúÑóÇÁ: 36] .
æóÊóÞóÏøóãó ãóÚúäóì ÇáúæöÕóÇíóÉö ÚöäúÏó Þóæúáöåö: Ãóãú ßõäúÊõãú ÔõåóÏÇÁó ÅöÐú æóÕøóÇßõãõ Çááøóåõ ÈöåÐÇ [ÇáúÃóäúÚóÇã: 144] ÂäöÝðÇ.
æóÞóæúáõåõ: áóÚóáøóßõãú ÊóÚúÞöáõæäó ÑóÌóÇÁó Ãóäú íóÚúÞöáõæÇ¡ Ãóíú íóÕöíÑõæÇ Ðóæöí ÚõÞõæáò áöÃóäøó ãõáóÇÈÓóÉ ÈÚÖ åóÐöå ÇáãÍÑøãÇÊ íäÈìÁ Úóäú ÎóÓóÇÓóÉö ÚóÞúáò¡ ÈöÍóíúËõ íõäóÒøóáõ ãõáóÇÈöÓõæåóÇ ãóäúÒöáóÉó ãóäú áóÇ íóÚúÞöáõ¡ ÝóáöÐóáößó ÑõÌöíó Ãóäú íóÚúÞöáõæÇ.
æóÞóæúáõåõ: Ðáößõãú æóÕøóÇßõãú Èöåö áóÚóáøóßõãú ÊóÚúÞöáõæäó ÊóÐúíöíáñ ÌõÚöáó äöåóÇíóÉð áöáúÂíóÉö¡ ÝóÃóæúãóÃó Åöáóì ÊäåíÉ äæÚ ãä ÇáúãõÍóÑøóãóÇÊö æóåõæó ÇáúãõÍóÑøóãóÇÊõ ÇáÑøóÇÌöÚõ ÊóÍúÑöíãõåóÇ Åöáóì ÅöÕúáóÇÍö ÇáúÍóÇáóÉö ÇáöÇÌúÊöãóÇÚöíøóÉö áöáúÃõãøóÉö¡ ÈöÅöÕúáóÇÍö ÇáöÇÚúÊöÞóÇÏö¡ æóÍöÝúÙö äöÙóÇãö ÇáúÚóÇÆöáóÉö æóÇáöÇäúßöÝóÇÝö Úóäö ÇáúãóÝóÇÓöÏö¡ æóÍöÝúÙö ÇáäøóæúÚö ÈöÊóÑúßö ÇáÊøóÞóÇÊõáö.
[152]
[ÓõæÑóÉ ÇáúÃóäúÚóÇã (6) : ÂíóÉ 152]
æóáÇ ÊóÞúÑóÈõæÇ ãÇáó ÇáúíóÊöíãö ÅöáÇøó ÈöÇáøóÊöí åöíó ÃóÍúÓóäõ ÍóÊøóì íóÈúáõÛó ÃóÔõÏøóåõ æóÃóæúÝõæÇ Çáúßóíúáó æóÇáúãöíÒÇäó ÈöÇáúÞöÓúØö áóÇ äõßóáøöÝõ äóÝúÓÇð ÅöáÇøó æõÓúÚóåÇ æóÅöÐÇ ÞõáúÊõãú ÝóÇÚúÏöáõæÇ æóáóæú ßÇäó ÐóÇ ÞõÑúÈì æóÈöÚóåúÏö Çááøóåö ÃóæúÝõæÇ Ðáößõãú æóÕøóÇßõãú Èöåö áóÚóáøóßõãú ÊóÐóßøóÑõæäó (152)
æóáÇ ÊóÞúÑóÈõæÇ ãÇáó ÇáúíóÊöíãö ÅöáøóÇ ÈöÇáøóÊöí åöíó ÃóÍúÓóäõ ÍóÊøóì íóÈúáõÛó ÃóÔõÏøóåõ.
ÚóØóÝó ÌõãúáóÉó: æóáÇ ÊóÞúÑóÈõæÇ
Úóáóì ÇáúÌõãúáóÉö ÇáøóÊöí ÝóÓøóÑóÊú ÝÚá: ÃóÊúáõ [ÇáúÃóäúÚóÇã: 151] ÚóØúÝó ãõÍóÑøóãóÇÊò ÊóÑúÌöÚõ Åöáóì ÍÝÙ ÞæÇÚ ÇáÊøóÚóÇãõáö Èóíúäó ÇáäøóÇÓö áöÅöÞóÇãóÉö ÞóæóÇÚöÏö ÇáúÌóÇãöÚóÉö ÇáúÅöÓúáóÇãöíøóÉö æóãóÏóäöíøóÊöåóÇ æóÊóÍúÞöíÞö ËöÞóÉö ÇáäøóÇÓö ÈóÚúÖöåöãú ÈöÈóÚúÖò.(8-Ã/162)
æóÇÈúÊóÏóÃóåóÇ ÈöÍöÝúÙö ÍóÞøö ÇáÖøóÚöíÝö ÇáøóÐöí áóÇ íóÓúÊóØöíÚõ ÇáÏøóÝúÚó Úóäú ÍóÞøöåö Ýöí ãóÇáöåö¡ æóåõæó ÇáúíóÊöíãõ¡ ÝóÞóÇáó: æóáÇ ÊóÞúÑóÈõæÇ ãÇáó ÇáúíóÊöíãö ÅöáøóÇ ÈöÇáøóÊöí åöíó ÃóÍúÓóäõ
æóÇáúÞõÑúÈóÇäõ ßöäóÇíóÉñ Úóäú ãõáóÇÈóÓóÉö ãóÇáö ÇáúíóÊöíãö.
æóÇáÊøóÕóÑøõÝõ Ýöíåö ßóãóÇ ÊóÞóÏøóãó ÂäöÝðÇ Ýöí Þóæúáöåö: æóáÇ ÊóÞúÑóÈõæÇ ÇáúÝóæÇÍöÔó [ÇáúÃóäúÚóÇã: 151] . æóáóãøóÇ ÇÞúÊóÖóì åóÐóÇ ÊóÍúÑöíãó ÇáÊøóÕóÑøõÝö Ýöí ãóÇáö ÇáúíóÊöíãö¡ æóáóæú ÈöÇáúÎóÒúäö æóÇáúÍöÝúÙö¡ æóÐóáößó íõÚóÑøöÖõ ãóÇáóåõ áöáÊøóáóÝö¡
ÇÓúÊõËúäöí ãöäúåõ Þóæúáõåõ: ÅöáøóÇ ÈöÇáøóÊöí åöíó ÃóÍúÓóäõ
Ãóíú ÅöáøóÇ ÈöÇáúÍóÇáóÉö ÇáøóÊöí åöíó ÃóÍúÓóäõ¡ ÝóÇÓúãõ ÇáúãóæúÕõæáö ÕöÝóÉñ áöãóæúÕõæÝò ãóÍúÐõæÝò íõÞóÏøóÑõ ãõäóÇÓöÈðÇ áöáúãóæúÕõæáö ÇáøóÐöí åõæó ÇÓúã ááãÄäøË¡ ÝóíõÞóÏøóÑõ ÈöÇáúÍóÇáóÉö Ãóæö ÇáúÎóÕúáóÉö.
æóÇáúÈóÇÁõ áöáúãõáóÇÈóÓóÉö¡ Ãóíú ÅöáøóÇ ãõáóÇÈöÓöíäó áöáúÎóÕúáóÉö Ãóæö ÇáúÍóÇáóÉö ÇáøóÊöí åöíó ÃóÍúÓóäõ ÍóÇáóÇÊö ÇáúÞõÑúÈö¡ æóáóßó Ãóäú ÊõÞóÏøöÑóåõ ÈöÇáúãóÑøóÉö ãöäú: ÊóÞúÑóÈõæÇ Ãóíú ÅöáøóÇ ÈöÇáúÞõÑúÈóÉö ÇáøóÊöí åöíó ÃóÍúÓóäõ. æóÞóÏö ÇáúÊõÒöãó ÍóÐúÝõ ÇáúãóæúÕõæÝö Ýöí ãöËúáö åóÐóÇ ÇáÊøóÑúßöíÈö æóÇÚúÊöÈóÇÑõåõ ãõÄóäøóËðÇ íóÌúÑöí ãóÌúÑóì ÇáúãóËóáö¡ æóãöäúåõ Þóæúáõåõ ÊóÚóÇáóì:
ÇÏúÝóÚú ÈöÇáøóÊöí åöíó ÃóÍúÓóäõ ÇáÓøóíøöÆóÉó [ÇáúãõÄúãöäõæäó: 96] Ãóíú ÈöÇáúÎóÕúáóÉö ÇáúÍóÓóäóÉö ÇÏúÝóÚö ÇáÓøóíøöÆóÉó¡ æóãöäú åóÐóÇ ÇáúÞóÈöíáö Ãóäøóåõãú ÃóÊóæúÇ ÈöÇáúãóæúÕõæáö ãõÄóäøóËðÇ æóÕúÝðÇ áöãóÍúÐõæÝò ãõáúÊóÒóãö ÇáúÍóÐúÝö æóÍóÐóÝõæÇ ÕöáóÊóåõ ÃóíúÖðÇ Ýöí Þóæúáöåöãú Ýöí ÇáúãóËóáö: «ÈóÚúÏó ÇááøóÊóíøóÇ æóÇáøóÊöí» ¡ Ãóíú ÈóÚúÏó ÇáÏøóÇåöíóÉö ÇáúÍóÞöíÑóÉö æóÇáÏøóÇåöíóÉö ÇáúÌóáöíáóÉö ßóãóÇ ÞóÇáó Óõáúãöíøõ Èúäõ ÑóÈöíÚóÉó ÇáÖÈøí:
æóáóÞóÏ ÑÃÈÊ ËóÃúíó ÇáúÚóÔöíÑóÉö ÈóíúäóåóÇ ... æóßóÝóíúÊõ ÌóÇäöÈóåóÇ ÇááøóÊóíøóÇ æóÇáøóÊöí
æÃóÍúÓóäõ
ÇÓúãõ ÊóÝúÖöíáò ãóÓúáõæÈõ ÇáúãõÝóÇÖóáóÉö¡ Ãóíö ÇáúÍóÓóäóÉõ¡ æóåöíó ÇáäøóÇÝöÚóÉõ ÇáøóÊöí áóÇ ÖõÑøó ÝöíåóÇ áöáúíóÊöíãö æóáóÇ áöãóÇáöåö. æóÅöäøóãóÇ ÞóÇáó åõäóÇ: æóáÇ ÊóÞúÑóÈõæÇ ÊóÍúÐöíÑðÇ ãöäú ÃóÎúÐö ãóÇáöåö æóáóæú ÈöÃóÞóáøö ÃóÍúæóÇáö ÇáúÃóÎúÐö áöÃóäøóåõ áóÇ íóÏúÝóÚõ Úóäú äóÝúÓöåö¡ æóáöÐóáößó áóãú íóÞõáú åõäóÇ: æóáÇ ÊóÃúßõáõæÇ ßóãóÇ ÞóÇáó Ýöí ÓõæÑóÉö ÇáúÈóÞóÑóÉö [188] : æóáÇ ÊóÃúßõáõæÇ ÃóãúæÇáóßõãú Èóíúäóßõãú ÈöÇáúÈÇØöáö.
æóÇáúÃóÔõÏøõ: ÇÓúãñ íóÏõáøõ Úóáóì ÞõæøóÉö ÇáúÅöäúÓóÇäö¡ æóåõæó ãõÔúÊóÞøñ ãöäó ÇáÔøóÏøö æóåõæó ÇáÊøóæóËøõÞõ¡(8-Ã/163)
æóÇáúãõÑóÇÏõ Èöåö Ýöí åóÐöåö ÇáúÂíóÉö æóäóÙóÇÆöÑöåóÇ¡ ãöãøóÇ ÇáúßóáóÇãõ Ýöíåö Úóáóì ÇáúíóÊöíãö¡ ÈõáõæÛõåõ ÇáúÞõæøóÉó ÇáøóÊöí íóÎúÑõÌõ ÈöåóÇ ãöäú ÖóÚúÝö ÇáÕøöÈóÇ¡ æóÊöáúßó åöíó ÇáúÈõáõæÛõ ãóÚó ÕöÍøóÉö ÇáúÚóÞúáö¡ áöÃóäøó ÇáúãóÞúÕõæÏó ÈõáõæÛõåõ ÃóåúáöíøóÉó ÇáÊøóÕóÑøõÝö Ýöí ãóÇáöåö.
æóãóÇ ãõäöÚó ÇáÕøóÈöíøõ ãöäó ÇáÊøóÕóÑøõÝö Ýöí ÇáúãóÇáö ÅöáøóÇ áöÖóÚúÝò Ýöí ÚóÞúáöåö ÈöÎöáóÇÝö ÇáúãõÑóÇÏö ãöäúåõ Ýöí ÃóæúÕóÇÝö ÇáÑøöÌóÇáö ÝóÅöäøóåõ íóÚúäöí Èöåö ÈõáõæÛó ÇáÑøóÌõáö ãõäúÊóåóì ÍóÏøö ÇáúÞõæøóÉö Ýöí ÇáÑøÌÇá æóåõæó ÇáúÃóÑúÈóÚõæäó ÓóäóÉð Åöáóì ÇáúÎóãúÓöíäó ÞóÇáó ÊóÚóÇáóì: ÍóÊøóì ÅöÐÇ ÈóáóÛó ÃóÔõÏøóåõ æóÈóáóÛó ÃóÑúÈóÚöíäó ÓóäóÉð [ÇáúÃóÍúÞóÇÝ: 15] æóÞóÇáó ÓõÍóíúãõ Èúäõ æóËöíáò:
ÃóÎõæ ÎóãúÓöíäó ãõÌúÊóãöÚñ ÃóÔõÏøöí ... æäÌøÐäí ãÏÇæÑÉ ÇáÔøÄæä
æóÇáúÈõáõæÛõ: ÇáúæõÕõæáõ¡ æóåõæó åõäóÇ ãóÌóÇÒñ Ýöí ÇáÊøóÏóÑøõÌö Ýöí ÃóØúæóÇÑö ÇáúÞõæøóÉö ÇáúãõÎúÑöÌóÉö ãöäú æóåúäö ÇáÕøöÈóÇ.
æÍóÊøóì
ÛóÇíóÉñ áöáúãõÓúÊóËúäóì: æóåõæó ÇáúÞõÑúÈóÇäõ ÈöÇáøóÊöí åöíó ÃóÍúÓóäõ¡ Ãóíö ÇáÊøóÕóÑøõÝõ Ýöíåö Åöáóì Ãóäú
íóÈúáõÛó ÕóÇÍöÈõåõ ÃóÔõÏøóåõ Ãóíú ÝóíõÓóáøöãõ Åöáóíúåö¡ ßóãóÇ ÞóÇáó ÊóÚóÇáóì Ýöí ÇáúÂíóÉö ÇáúÃõÎúÑóì ÝóÅöäú ÂäóÓúÊõãú ãöäúåõãú ÑõÔúÏÇð ÝóÇÏúÝóÚõæÇ Åöáóíúåöãú ÃóãúæÇáóåõãú [ÇáäøöÓóÇÁ: 6] ÇáúÂíóÉó.
æóæóÌúåõ ÊóÎúÕöíÕö ÍóÞøö ÇáúíóÊöíãö Ýöí ãóÇáöåö ÈöÇáúÍöÝúÙö: Ãóäøó Ðóáößó ÇáúÍóÞøó ãóÙöäøóÉõ ÇáöÇÚúÊöÏóÇÁö Úóáóíúåö ãöäó Çáúæóáöíøö¡ æóåõæó ãóÙöäøóÉõ ÇäúÚöÏóÇãö ÇáúãõÏóÇÝöÚö Úóäúåõ¡ áöÃóäøóåõ ãóÇ ãöäú ÖóÚöíÝò ÚöäúÏóåõãú ÅöáøóÇ æóáóåõ ãöäó ÇáúÃóÞóÇÑöÈö æóÇáúãóæóÇáöí ãóäú íóÏúÝóÚõ Úóäúåõ ÅöÐóÇ ÇÓúÊóÌóÇÑóåõ Ãóæö ÇÓúÊóäúÌóÏóåõ¡ ÝóÃóãøóÇ ÇáúíóÊöíãõ ÝóÅöäøó ÇáöÇÚúÊöÏóÇÁó Úóáóíúåö ÅöäøóãóÇ íóßõæäõ ãöäú ÃóÞúÑóÈö ÇáäøóÇÓö Åöáóíúåö¡ æóåõæó æóáöíøõåõ¡ áöÃóäøóåõ áóãú íóßõäú íóáöí ÇáúíóÊöíãó ÚöäúÏóåõãú ÅöáøóÇ ÃóÞúÑóÈõ ÇáäøóÇÓö Åöáóíúåö¡ æóßóÇäó ÇáúÃóæúáöíóÇÁõ íóÊóæóÓøóÚõæäó Ýöí ÃóãúæóÇáö ÃóíúÊóÇãöåöãú¡ æóíóÚúÊóÏõæäó ÚóáóíúåóÇ¡ æóíõÖóíøöÚõæäó ÇáúÃóíúÊóÇãó áößóíúáóÇ íóäúÔóÃõæÇ äóÔúÃóÉð íóÚúÑöÝõæäó ÈöåóÇ ÍõÞõæÞóåõãú¡ æóáöÐóáößó ÞóÇáó ÊóÚóÇáóì: Ãóáóãú íóÌöÏúßó íóÊöíãÇð ÝóÂæì [ÇáÖøõÍóì: 6] áöÃóäøó ÇáúíóÊöíãó ãóÙöäøóÉõ ÇáúÅöÖóÇÚóÉö ÝóáöÐóáößó áóãú íõæóÕøö Çááøóåõ ÊóÚóÇáóì ÈöãóÇáö ÛóíúÑö ÇáúíóÊöíãö¡ áöÃóäøó ÕóÇÍöÈóåõ íóÏúÝóÚõ Úóäú äóÝúÓöåö¡ Ãóæú íóÓúÊóÏúÝöÚõ ÈöÃóæúáöíóÇÆöåö æóãõäúÌöÏöíåö.
æóÃóæúÝõæÇ Çáúßóíúáó æóÇáúãöíÒÇäó ÈöÇáúÞöÓúØö.(8-Ã/164)
ÚóØóÝó ÇáúÃóãúÑó ÈöÅöíÝóÇÁö Çáúßóíúáö æóÇáúãöíÒóÇäö¡ æóÐóáößó Ýöí ÇáÊøóÈóÇíõÚö¡ ÝóÞóÏú ßóÇäõæÇ íóÈöíÚõæäó ÇáÊøóãúÑó æóÇáÒøóÈöíÈó ßóíúáðÇ¡ æóßóÇäõæÇ íóÊóæóÇÒóäõæäó ÇáÐøóåóÈó æóÇáúÝöÖøóÉó¡ ÝóßóÇäõæÇ íõØóÝøöÝõæäó ÍöÑúÕðÇ Úóáóì ÇáÑøöÈúÍö¡ ÝóáöÐóáößó ÃóãóÑóåõãú ÈöÇáúæóÝóÇÁö. æóÚóÏóáó Úóäú Ãóäú íóÃúÊöíó Ýöíåö ÈöÇáäøóåúíö Úóäö ÇáÊøóØúÝöíÝö ßóãóÇ Ýöí Þóæúáö ÔõÚóíúÈò: æóáÇ ÊóäúÞõÕõæÇ ÇáúãößúíÇáó æóÇáúãöíÒÇäó [åæÏ: 84] ÅöÔóÇÑóÉð Åöáóì Ãóäøóåõãú ãóÃúãõæÑõæäó ÈöÇáúÍóÏøö ÇáøóÐöí íóÊóÍóÞøóÞõ Ýöíåö ÇáúÚóÏúáõ æóÇÝöíðÇ¡ æóÚóÏóãõ ÇáäøóÞúÕö íõÓóÇæöí ÇáúæóÝóÇÁó¡ æóáóßöäú Ýöí ÇÎúÊöíóÇÑö ÇáúÃóãúÑö ÈöÇáúÅöíÝóÇÁö ÇåúÊöãóÇãðÇ Èöåö áÊóßæä ÇáäøÝæÓ ãáÊÝÊÉ Åöáóì ÌóÇäöÈö ÇáúæóÝóÇÁö áóÇ Åöáóì ÌóÇäÈ ÊÑß ÇáÊøäÞíÕ¡ æóÝöíåö ÊóÐúßöíÑñ áóåõãú ÈöÇáÓøóÎóÇÁö ÇáøóÐöí íóÊóãóÇÏóÍõæäó Èöåö ßóÃóäøóåõ Þöíáó áóåõãú: Ãóíúäó ÓóÎóÇÄõßõãõ ÇáøóÐöí ÊóÊóäóÇÝóÓõæäó Ýöíåö ÝóåóáøóÇ ÊõÙúåöÑõæäóåõ ÅöÐóÇ ßöáúÊõãú Ãóæú æóÒóäúÊõãú ÝóÊóÒöíÏõæÇ Úóáóì ÇáúÚóÏúáö ÈöÃóäú ÊõæóÝøöÑõæÇ áöáúãõßúÊóÇáö ßóÑóãðÇ Èóáúåó Ãóäú ÊóÓúÑöÞõæåõ ÍóÞøóåõ. æóåóÐóÇ ÊóäúÈöíåñ áóåõãú Úóáóì ÇÎúÊöáóÇáö ÃóÎúáóÇÞöåöãú æóÚóÏóãö ÊóæóÇÒõäöåóÇ.
æóÇáúÈóÇÁõ Ýöí Þóæúáöåö: ÈöÇáúÞöÓúØö
áöáúãõáóÇÈóÓóÉö æóÇáúÞöÓúØõ ÇáúÚóÏúáõ¡ æóÊóÞóÏøóãó ÚöäúÏó Þóæúáöåö ÊóÚóÇáóì: ÞÇÆöãÇð ÈöÇáúÞöÓúØö Ýöí ÓõæÑóÉö Âáö ÚöãúÑóÇäó [18] ¡ Ãóíú ÃóæúÝõæÇ ãõÊóáóÈøöÓöíäó ÈöÇáúÚóÏúáö ÈöÃóäú áóÇ ÊóÙúáöãõæÇ ÇáúãõßúÊóÇáó ÍóÞøóåõ.
áóÇ äõßóáøöÝõ äóÝúÓÇð ÅöáøóÇ æõÓúÚóåÇ.
ÙóÇåöÑõ ÊóÚúÞöíÈö ÌõãúáóÉö: æóÃóæúÝõæÇ Çáúßóíúáó
ÅöáóÎú ÈöÌõãúáóÉö: áóÇ äõßóáøöÝõ äóÝúÓÇð ÅöáøóÇ æõÓúÚóåÇ
ÃóäøóåóÇ ãõÊóÚóáøöÞóÉñ ÈöÇáøóÊöí æóáóíúÊóåóÇ ÝóÊóßõæäõ ÇÍúÊöÑóÇÓðÇ¡ Ãóíú áóÇ äõßóáøöÝõßõãú ÊóãóÇãó ÇáúÞöÓúØö Ýöí Çáúßóíúáö æóÇáúãöíÒóÇäö ÈöÇáúÍóÈøóÉö
æóÇáÐøóÑøóÉö æóáóßöäøóÇ äõßóáøöÝõßõãú ãóÇ ÊóÙõäøõæäó Ãóäøóåõ ÚóÏúáñ æóæóÝóÇÁñ. æóÇáúãóÞúÕõæÏõ ãöäú åóÐóÇ ÇáöÇÍúÊöÑóÇÓö Ãóäú áóÇ íóÊúÑõßó ÇáäøóÇÓõ ÇáÊøóÚóÇãõáó Èóíúäóåõãú ÎóÔúíóÉó ÇáúÛóáóØö Ãóæö ÇáúÛóÝúáóÉö¡ ÝóíõÝúÖöí Ðóáößó Åöáóì ÊóÚúØöíáö ãóäóÇÝöÚó ÌóãøóÉò. æóÞóÏú ÚóÏóáó Ýöí åóÐóÇ ÇáöÇÍúÊöÑóÇÓö Úóäú ØóÑöíÞö ÇáúÛóíúÈóÉö ÇáøóÐöí Èõäöíó Úóáóíúåö ÇáúãóÞõæáõ ÇÈúÊöÏóÇÁ Ýöí Þóæúáöåö: ãóÇ ÍóÑøóãó ÑóÈøõßõãú Úóáóíúßõãú [ÇáúÃóäúÚóÇã: 151] áöãóÇ Ýöí(8-Ã/165)
åóÐóÇ ÇáöÇÍúÊöÑóÇÓö ãöäó ÇáöÇãúÊöäóÇäö¡ ÝóÊóæóáøóì Çááøóåõ ÎöØóÇÈó ÇáäøóÇÓö Ýöíåö ÈöØóÑöíÞö ÇáÊøóßóáøõãö ãõÈóÇÔÑóÉ ÒöíóÇÏóÉ Ýöí ÇáãäøÉ¡ æóÊóÕúÏöíÞðÇ áöáúãõÈóáøöÛö¡ ÝóÇáúæöÕóÇíóÉõ ÈöÅöíÝóÇÁö Çáúßóíúáö æóÇáúãöíÒóÇäö ÑóÇÌöÚóÉñ Åöáóì ÍöÝúÙö ãóÇá ÇáãõÔúÊóÑöí Ýöí ãóÙöäøóÉö ÇáúÅöÖóÇÚóÉö¡ áöÃóäøó ÍóÇáóÉó Çáúßóíúáö æóÇáúæóÒúäö ÍóÇáóÉõ ÛóÝáóÉ ÇáãõÔúÊóÑöí¡ ÅöÐö ÇáúÈóÇÆöÚõ åõæó ÇáøóÐöí ÈöíóÏöåö ÇáúãößúíóÇáõ Ãóæö ÇáúãöíÒóÇäõ¡ æóáöÃóäøó ÇáúãõÔúÊóÑöíó áöÑóÛúÈóÊöåö Ýöí ÊóÍúÕöíáö Çáúãóßöíáö Ãóæö ÇáúãóæúÒõæäö ÞÏ íÊÍãøá ÇáÊøØÝíÝ¡ ÝóÃõæÕöíó ÇáúÈóÇÆöÚõ ÈöÅöíÝóÇÁö Çáúßóíúáö æóÇáúãöíÒóÇäö. æóåóÐóÇ ÇáúÃóãúÑõ íóÏõáøõ ÈöÝóÍúæóì ÇáúÎöØóÇÈö Úóáóì æõÌõæÈö ÍöÝúÙö ÇáúãóÇáö ÝöíãóÇ åõæó ÃÔÏø ãä ÇáÊøØÝíÝ¡ ÝÅäø ÇáÊøØÝíÝ Åöäú åõæó ÅöáøóÇ ãõÎóÇáóÓóÉõ ÞóÏúÑò íóÓöíÑò ãöäó ÇáúãóÈöíÚö¡ æóåõæó ÇáøóÐöí áóÇ íóÙúåóÑõ Íöíäó ÇáÊøóÞúÏöíÑö ÝóÃóßúáõ ãóÇ åõæó ÃóßúËóÑõ ãöäú Ðóáößó ãöäó ÇáúãóÇáö Ãóæúáóì ÈöÇáúÍöÝúÙö¡ æóÊóÌóäøõÈö ÇáöÇÚúÊöÏóÇÁö Úóáóíúåö.
æóíóÌõæÒõ Ãóäú Êóßõæäó ÌõãúáóÉõ: áóÇ äõßóáøöÝõ äóÝúÓÇð ÅöáøóÇ æõÓúÚóåÇ
ÊóÐúíöíáðÇ áöáúÌõãóáö ÇáøóÊöí ÞóÈúáóåóÇ¡ ÊóÓúÌöíáðÇ Úóáóíúåöãú ÈöÃóäøó ÌóãöíÚó ãóÇ ÏóÚóæúÇ Åöáóíúåö åõæó Ýöí ØóÇÞóÊöåöãú æóãõßúäóÊöåöãú. æóÞóÏú ÊóÞóÏøóãó Ðóáößó ÚöäúÏó Þóæúáöåö ÊóÚóÇáóì: áóÇ íõßóáøöÝõ Çááøóåõ äóÝúÓÇð ÅöáøóÇ æõÓúÚóåÇ Ýöí ÂÎöÑö ÓõæÑóÉö ÇáúÈóÞóÑóÉö [286] .
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åóÐóÇ ÌóÇãöÚñ ßõáøó ÇáúãõÚóÇãóáóÇÊö Èóíúäó ÇáäøóÇÓö ÈöæóÇÓöØóÉö ÇáúßóáóÇãö æóåöíó ÇáÔøóåóÇÏóÉõ¡ æóÇáúÞóÖóÇÁõ¡ æóÇáÊøóÚúÏöíáõ¡ æóÇáÊøóÌúÑöíÍõ¡ æóÇáúãõÔóÇæóÑóÉõ¡ æóÇáÕøõáúÍõ Èóíúäó ÇáäøóÇÓö¡ æóÇáúÃóÎúÈóÇÑõ ÇáúãõÎúÈöÑóÉõ Úóäú ÕöÝóÇÊö ÇáúÃóÔúíóÇÁö Ýöí ÇáúãõÚóÇãóáóÇÊö: ãöäú ÕöÝóÇÊö ÇáúãóÈöíÚóÇÊö¡ æóÇáúãõÄóÇÌóÑóÇÊö¡ æóÇáúÚõíõæÈö æóÝöí ÇáúæõÚõæÏö¡ æóÇáúæóÕóÇíóÇ¡ æóÇáúÃóíúãóÇäö æóßóÐóáößó ÇáúãóÏóÇÆöÍõ æóÇáÔøóÊóÇÆöãõ ßóÇáúÞóÐúÝö¡ Ýóßõáøõ Ðóáößó ÏóÇÎöáñ ÝöíãóÇ íóÕúÏõÑõ Úóäö ÇáúÞóæúáö.
æóÇáúÚóÏúáõ Ýöí Ðóáößó Ãóäú áóÇ íóßõæäó Ýöí ÇáúÞóæúáö ÔóíúÁñ ãöäó ÇáöÇÚúÊöÏóÇÁö Úóáóì ÇáúÍõÞõæÞö:(8-Ã/166)
ÈöÅöÈúØóÇáöåóÇ¡ Ãóæú ÅöÎúÝóÇÆöåóÇ¡ ãöËúáó ßöÊúãóÇäö ÚõíõæÈö ÇáúãóÈöíÚö¡ æóÇÏøöÚóÇÁö ÇáúÚõíõæÈö Ýöí ÇáúÃóÔúíóÇÁö ÇáÓøóáöíãóÉö¡ æóÇáúßóÐöÈö Ýöí ÇáúÃóËúãóÇäö¡ ßóÃóäú íóÞõæáó ÇáÊøóÇÌöÑõ: ÃõÚúØöíÊõ Ýöí åóÐöåö ÇáÓøöáúÚóÉö ßóÐóÇ¡ áöËóãóäò áóãú íõÚúØóåõ¡ Ãóæú Ãóäøó åóÐöåö ÇáÓøöáúÚóÉó ÞóÇãóÊú Úóáóíøó ÈößóÐóÇ. æóãöäúåõ ÇáúÊöÒóÇãõ ÇáÕøöÏúÞö Ýöí ÇáÊøóÚúÏöíáö æóÇáÊøóÌúÑöíÍö æóÅöÈúÏóÇÁö ÇáäøóÕöíÍóÉö Ýöí ÇáúãõÔóÇæóÑóÉö¡ æóÞóæúáõ ÇáúÍóÞøö Ýöí ÇáÕøõáúÍö. æóÃóãøóÇ ÇáÔøóåóÇÏóÉõ æóÇáúÞóÖóÇÁõ ÝóÃóãúÑõ ÇáúÚóÏúáö ÝöíåöãóÇ ÙóÇåöÑñ¡ æóÅöÐóÇ æóÚóÏó ÇáúÞóÇÆöáõ áóÇ íõÎúáöÝõ¡ æóÅöÐóÇ ÃóæúÕóì áóÇ íóÙúáöãõ ÃóÕúÍóÇÈó ÍõÞõæÞö ÇáúãöíÑóÇËö¡ æóáóÇ íóÍúáöÝõ Úóáóì
ÇáúÈóÇØöáö¡ æóÅöÐóÇ ãóÏóÍó ÃóÍóÏðÇ ãóÏóÍóåõ ÈöãóÇ Ýöíåö¡ æóÃóãøóÇ ÇáÔøóÊúãõ ÝóÇáúÅöãúÓóÇßõ Úóäúåõ æóÇÌöÈñ æóáóæú ßóÇäó ÍóÞøðÇ ÝóÐóáößó ÇáúÅöãúÓóÇßõ åõæó ÇáúÚóÏúáõ áöÃóäøó Çááøóåó ÃóãóÑó Èöåö.
æóÝöí ÇáÊøóÚúáöíÞö ÈöÃóÏóÇÉö ÇáÔøóÑúØö Ýöí Þóæúáöåö: æóÅöÐÇ ÞõáúÊõãú
ÅöÔóÇÑóÉ Åöáóì Ãóäøó ÇáúãóÑúÁó Ýöí ÓóÚóÉò ãöäó ÇáÓøõßõæÊö Åöäú ÎóÔöíó Þóæúáó ÇáúÚóÏúáö. æóÃóãøóÇ Ãóäú íóÞõæáó ÇáúÌóæúÑó æóÇáÙøõáúãó æóÇáúÈóÇØöáó ÝóáóíúÓó áóåõ ÓóÈöíáñ Åöáóì Ðóáößó¡ æóÇáúßóÐöÈõ ßõáøõåõ ãöäó ÇáúÞóæúáö ÈöÛóíúÑö ÇáúÚóÏúáö¡ Úóáóì Ãóäøó ãöäó ÇáÓøõßõæÊö ãóÇ åõæó æóÇÌöÈñ. æóÝöí «ÇáúãõæóØøóÃö» Ãóäøó ÑóÌõáðÇ ÎóØóÈó Åöáóì ÑöÌúáò ÃõÎúÊóåõ ÝóÐóßóÑó ÇáúÃóÎõ ÃóäøóåóÇ ÞóÏú ßóÇäóÊú ÃóÍúÏóËóÊú ÝóÈóáóÛó Ðóáößó ÚõãóÑó Èúäó ÇáúÎóØøóÇÈö ÝóÖóÑóÈóåõ Ãóæú ßóÇÏó íóÖúÑöÈõåõ Ëãø ÞóÇáó: «ãóÇáß æóáöáúÎóÈóÑö» .
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æóÇæõ ÇáúÍóÇáö¡ æóáóæú æóÕúáöíøóÉñ ÊõÝöíÏõ ÇáúãõÈóÇáóÛóÉó Ýöí ÇáúÍóÇáö ÇáøóÊöí ãöäú ÔóÃúäöåóÇ Ãóäú íóÙõäøó ÇáÓøóÇãöÚõ ÚóÏóãó Ôõãõæáö ÇáúÍõßúãö ÅöíøóÇåóÇ áöÇÎúÊöÕóÇÕöåóÇ ãöäú Èóíúäö ÈóÞöíøóÉö ÇáúÃóÍúæóÇáö ÇáøóÊöí íóÔúãóáõåóÇ ÇáúÍõßúãõ¡ æóÞóÏú ÊóÞóÏøóãó ÈóíóÇäõåóÇ ÚöäúÏó Þóæúáöåö ÊóÚóÇáóì: Ýóáóäú íõÞúÈóáó ãöäú ÃóÍóÏöåöãú ãöáúÁõ ÇáúÃóÑúÖö ÐóåóÈÇð æóáóæö ÇÝúÊóÏì Èöåö Ýöí ÓõæÑóÉö Âáö ÚöãúÑóÇäó [91] ¡ ÝóÅöäøó ÍóÇáóÉó ÞóÑóÇÈóÉö ÇáúãóÞõæáö áöÃóÌúáöåö ÇáúÞóæúáõ ÞóÏú ÊóÍúãöáõ ÇáúÞóÇÆöáó Úóáóì Ãóäú íóÞõæáó ÛóíúÑó ÇáúÚóÏúáö¡ áöäóÝúÚö ÞóÑöíÈöåö Ãóæú ãõÕóÇäóÚóÊöåö¡ ÝóäõÈøöåõæÇ Úóáóì æõÌõæÈö ÇáúÊöÒóÇãö ÇáúÚóÏúáö Ýöí ÇáúÞóæúáö Ýöí Êöáúßó ÇáúÍóÇáóÉö¡ ÝóÇáÖøóãöíÑõ ÇáúãõÓúÊóÊöÑõ Ýöí (ßóÇäó) ßÇÆÏ Åöáóì ÔóíúÁò ãóÚúáõæãò ãöäó ÇáúßóáóÇãö:
Ãóíú æóáóæ ßóÇäó ÇáøóÐöí ÊóÚóáøóÞó Èöåö ÇáúÞóæúáõ ÐóÇ ÞõÑúÈóì.(8-Ã/167)
æóÇáúÞõÑúÈóì: ÇáúÞóÑóÇÈóÉõ æóíõÚúáóãõ Ãóäøóåõ Ðõæ ÞóÑóÇÈóÉò ãöäó ÇáúÞóÇÆöáö¡ Ãóíú ÅöÐóÇ ÞõáúÊõãú ÞóæúáðÇ áöÃóÌúáöåö Ãóæú Úóáóíúåö ÝóÇÚúÏöáõæÇ æóáóÇ ÊóÞõæáõæÇ ÛóíúÑó ÇáúÍóÞøö¡ áóÇ áöÏóÝúÚö ÖõÑøöåö ÈöÃóäú ÊõÛúãöÕõæÇ ÇáúÍóÞøó ÇáøóÐöí Úóáóíúåö¡ æóáóÇ áöäóÝúÚöåö ÈöÃóäú ÊóÎúÊóáöÞõæÇ áóåõ ÍóÞøðÇ Úóáóì ÛóíÑå Ãóæ ÊÈÑÁæå ãöãøóÇ ÕóÏóÑó ãöäúåõ Úóáóì ÛóíúÑöåö¡ æóÞóÏú ÞóÇáó Çááøóåõ ÊóÚóÇáóì Ýöí ÇáúÚóÏúáö Ýöí ÇáÔøóåóÇÏóÉö æóÇáúÞóÖóÇÁ: ßõæäõæÇ ÞóæøóÇãöíäó ÈöÇáúÞöÓúØö ÔõåóÏÇÁó áöáøóåö æóáóæú Úóáì ÃóäúÝõÓößõãú Ãóæö ÇáúæÇáöÏóíúäö æóÇáúÃóÞúÑóÈöíäó [ÇáäøöÓóÇÁ: 135] .
æóÞóÏú ÌóÇÁó ØóáóÈõ ÇáúÍóÞøö Ýöí ÇáúÞóæúáö ÈöÕöíÛóÉö ÇáúÃóãúÑö ÈöÇáúÚóÏúáö¡ Ïõæäó Çáäøóåúíö Úóäö ÇáÙøõáúãö Ãóæö ÇáúÈóÇØöáö: áöÃóäøóåõ ÞóíøóÏóåõ ÈöÃóÏóÇÉö ÇáÔøóÑúØö ÇáúãõÞúÊóÖöí áöÕõÏõæÑö ÇáúÞóæúáö: ÝóÇáúÞóæúáõ ÅöÐóÇ ÕóÏóÑó áóÇ íóÎúáõæ Úóäú Ãóäú íóßõæäó ÍóÞøðÇ Ãóæú ÈóÇØöáðÇ¡ æóÇáúÃóãúÑõ ÈöÃóäú íóßõæäó ÍóÞøðÇ ÃóæúÝóì ÈöãóÞúÕöÏö ÇáÔøóÇÑöÚö áöæóÌúåóíúäö:
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æóÞóÇáó ÚóãúÑõæ Èúäõ ßõáúËõæãò:
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Ðáößõãú æóÕøóÇßõãú Èöåö áóÚóáøóßõãú ÊóÐóßøóÑõæäó.
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áöÃóäøó åóÐöåö ÇáúãóØóÇáöÈó ÇáúÃóÑúÈóÚóÉó ÚõÑöÝó Èóíúäó ÇáúÚóÑóÈö ÃóäøóåóÇ ãóÍóÇãöÏõ¡ ÝóÇáúÃóãúÑõ ÈöåóÇ¡ æóÇáÊøóÍúÑöíÖõ ÚóáóíúåóÇ ÊóÐúßöíÑñ ÈöãóÇ ÚóÑóÝõæåõ Ýöí ÔóÃúäöåóÇ æóáóßöäøóåõãú ÊóäóÇÓóæúåõ ÈöÛóáóÈóÉö Çáúåóæóì æóÛöÔóÇæóÉö ÇáÔøöÑúßö Úóáóì ÞõáõæÈöåöãú.
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[ÇáúÃóäúÚóÇã: 152]- áóÚóáøóßõãú ÊóÊøóÞõæäó æóåóÐóÇ ßóáóÇãñ ÌóÇãöÚñ áöÇÊøöÈóÇÚö ãóÇ íóÌöíÁõ Åöáóì ÇáÑøóÓõæá Õóáøóì Çááåõ Úóáóíúåö æóÓóáøóãó ãöäó ÇáúæóÍúíö Ýöí ÇáúÞõÑúÂäö.
æóÞóÑóÃó äóÇÝöÚñ¡ æóÇÈúäõ ßóËöíÑò¡ æóÃóÈõæ ÚóãúÑòæ¡ æóÚóÇÕöãñ¡ æóÃóÈõæ ÌóÚúÝóÑò: Ãóäøó- ÈöÝóÊúÍö ÇáúåóãúÒóÉö æóÊóÔúÏöíÏö Çáäøõæäö-.
æóÚóäö ÇáúÝóÑøóÇÁö æóÇáúßöÓóÇÆöíøö Ãóäøóåõ ãóÚúØõæÝñ Úóáóì: ãóÇ ÍóÑøóãó ÑóÈøõßõãú [ÇáúÃóäúÚóÇã: 151] ¡ Ýóåõæó Ýöí ãóæúÖöÚö äóÕúÈò ÈöÝöÚúáö: ÃóÊúáõ æóÇáÊøóÞúÏöíÑõ: æóÃóÊúáõ Úóáóíúßõãú Ãóäøó åóÐóÇ ÕöÑóÇØöí ãõÓúÊóÞöíãðÇ.
æóÚóäú ÃóÈöí Úóáöíøò ÇáúÝóÇÑöÓöíøö: Ãóäøó ÞöíóÇÓó Þóæúáö ÓöíÈóæóíúåö Ãóäú ÊõÍúãóáó (Ãóäøó) ¡ Ãóíú ÊõÚóáøóÞó Úóáóì Þóæúáöåö:
ÝóÇÊøóÈöÚõæåõ¡ æóÇáÊøóÞúÏöíÑõ: æóáöÃóäøó åóÐóÇ ÕöÑóÇØöí ãõÓúÊóÞöíãðÇ ÝóÇÊøóÈöÚõæåõ¡ Úóáóì ÞöíóÇÓö Þóæúáö ÓöíÈóæóíúåö Ýöí Þóæúáöåö ÊóÚóÇáóì: áöÅöíáÇÝö ÞõÑóíúÔò [ÞõÑóíúÔò: 1] . æóÞóÇáó Ýöí Þóæúáöåö ÊóÚóÇáóì: æóÃóäøó ÇáúãóÓÇÌöÏó áöáøóåö ÝóáÇ ÊóÏúÚõæÇ ãóÚó Çááøóåö ÃóÍóÏÇð [ÇáúÌöäø: 18] ÇáúãóÚúäóì: æóáöÃóäøó ÇáúãóÓóÇÌöÏó áöáøóåö ÝóáóÇ ÊóÏúÚõæóÇ ãóÚó Çááå ÃÍÏÇ Çå.
Ýó Ãóäøó ãóÏúÎõæáóÉñ áöáóÇãö ÇáÊøóÚúáöíáö ãóÍúÐõæÝóÉñ Úóáóì ãóÇ åõæó ÇáúãóÚúÑõæÝ ãöäú ÍóÐúÝöåóÇ ãóÚó (Ãóäøó) æó (Ãóäú) . æóÊóÞúÏöíÑõ ÇáäøóÙúãö: æóÇÊøóÈöÚõæÇ ÕöÑóÇØöí áöÃóäøóåõ ÕöÑóÇØñ ãõÓúÊóÞöíãñ¡ ÝóæóÞóÚó ÊóÍúæöíáñ Ýöí ÇáäøóÙúãö ÈöÊóÞúÏöíÑö ÇáÊøóÚúáöíáö Úóáóì ÇáúÝöÚúáö ÇáøóÐöí ÍóÞøõåõ Ãóäú íóßõæäó ãóÚúØõæÝðÇ¡ ÝóÕóÇÑó ÇáÊøÚáíá ãóÚúØõæÝðÇ áÊÞÏíãå áíõÝöíÏ ÊóÞúÏöíãå ÊÝÑøÚ ÇáãÚáøá æÊÓÈøÈå¡ Ýóíßæä ÇáÊøóÚúáöíáõ ÈöãóäúÒöáóÉö ÇáÔøóÑúØö ÈöÓóÈóÈö åóÐóÇ ÇáÊøóÞúÏöíãö¡ ßóÃóäøóåõ Þöíáó: áóãøóÇ ßóÇäó åóÐóÇ ÕöÑóÇØöí ãõÓúÊóÞöíãðÇ ÝóÇÊøóÈöÚõæåõ.
æóÞóÑóÃó ÍóãúÒóÉõ¡ æóÇáúßöÓóÇÆöíøõ¡ æóÎóáóÝñ: æóÅöäøó- ÈößóÓúÑö ÇáúåóãúÒóÉö æóÊóÔúÏöíÏö Çáäøõæäö- ÝóáóÇ ÊóÍúæöíáó Ýöí äÙã ÇáúßóáóÇã¡ æóíßæä Þóæúáõåõ: ÝóÇÊøóÈöÚõæåõ ÊóÝúÑöíÚðÇ Úáì ÅöËúÈóÇÊ ÇáúÎóÈóÑ ÈöÃóäøó ÕöÑóÇØóåõ ãõÓúÊóÞöíã.
æóÞóÑóÃó ÇÈúä ÚóÇãöÑñ¡ æóíóÚúÞõæÈõ: «æóÃóäú» -(8-Ã/171)
ÈöÝóÊúÍö ÇáúåóãúÒóÉö æóÓõßõæäö Çáäøõæäö- Úóáóì ÃóäøóåóÇ ãõÎóÝøóÝóÉñ ãöäó ÇáËøóÞöíáóÉö æóÇÓúãõåóÇ ÖóãöíÑõ ÔóÃúäò ãõÞóÏøóÑñ æóÇáúÌõãúáóÉõ ÈóÚúÏóåõ ÎóÈóÑõåõ¡ æóÇáúÃóÍúÓóäõ ÊóÎúÑöíÌõåóÇ Èößóæúäö Ãóäøó ÊóÝúÓöíÑöíøóÉð ãÚØæÝÉ Úáì: ÃóáøóÇ ÊõÔúÑößõæÇ [ÇáúÃóäúÚóÇã: 151] . æóæóÌúåõ ÅöÚóÇÏóÉö Ãóäøó ÇÎúÊöáóÇÝõ ÃõÓúáõæÈö ÇáúßóáóÇãö ÚóãøóÇ ÞóÈúáóåõ.
æóÇáúÅöÔóÇÑóÉõ Åöáóì ÇáúÅöÓúáóÇãö: Ãóíú æóÃóäøó ÇáúÅöÓúáóÇãó ÕöÑóÇØöí ÝóÇáúÅöÔóÇÑóÉõ Åöáóì ÍóÇÖöÑò Ýöí ÃóÐúåóÇäö ÇáúãõÎóÇØóÈöíäó ãöäú ÃóËóÑö ÊóßóÑøõÑö äõÒõæáö ÇáúÞõÑúÂäö æóÓóãóÇÚö ÃóÞúæóÇáö ÇáÑøóÓõæáö Úóáóíúåö ÇáÕøóáóÇÉõ æóÇáÓøóáóÇãõ¡ ÈöÍóíúËõ ÚÑÝå ÇáäøÇÓ æÊÈíøäæå¡ ÝóäóÒóáó ãóäúÒöáóÉó ÇáúãõÔóÇåóÏö¡ ÝóÇÓúÊõÚúãöáó Ýöíåö ÇÓúãõ ÇáúÅöÔóÇÑóÉö ÇáúãóæúÖõæÚõ áöÊóÚúíöíäö ÐóÇÊò ÈöØóÑöíÞö ÇáúãõÔóÇåóÏóÉö ãóÚó ÇáúÅöÔóÇÑóÉö¡ æóíóÌõæÒõ Ãóäú Êóßõæäó ÇáúÅöÔóÇÑóÉõ Åöáóì ÌóãöíÚö ÇáÊøóÔúÑöíÚóÇÊö æóÇáúãóæóÇÚöÙö ÇáøóÊöí ÊóÞóÏøóãóÊú Ýöí åóÐöåö ÇáÓøõæÑóÉö¡ áöÃóäøóåóÇ ÕóÇÑóÊú ßóÇáÔøóíúÁö ÇáúÍóÇÖöÑö ÇáúãõÔóÇåóÏö¡ ßóÞóæúáöåö ÊóÚóÇáóì:
Ðáößó ãöäú ÃóäúÈÇÁö ÇáúÛóíúÈö äõæÍöíåö Åöáóíúßó [Âá ÚãÑóÇä: 44] .
æóÇáÕøöÑóÇØõ: ÇáØøóÑöíÞõ ÇáúÌóÇÏøóÉõ ÇáúæóÇÓöÚóÉõ¡ æóÞóÏú ãóÑøó Ýöí Þóæúáöåö ÊóÚóÇáóì: ÇåúÏöäóÇ ÇáÕøöÑÇØó ÇáúãõÓúÊóÞöíãó [ÇáúÝóÇÊöÍóÉ: 6] æóÇáúãõÑóÇÏõ ÇáúÅöÓúáóÇãõ ßóãóÇ Ïóáøó Úóáóíúåö Þóæúáõåõ Ýöí ÂÎöÑö ÇáÓøõæÑóÉö: Þõáú Åöäøóäöí åóÏÇäöí ÑóÈøöí Åöáì ÕöÑÇØò ãõÓúÊóÞöíãò ÏöíäÇð ÞöíóãÇð [ÇáúÃóäúÚóÇã: 161] áöÃóäøó ÇáúãóÞúÕõæÏó ãöäúåóÇ ÊóÍúÕöíáõ ÇáÕøóáóÇÍö Ýöí ÇáÏøõäúíóÇ æóÇáúÂÎöÑóÉö ÝóÔõÈøöåóÊú ÈöÇáØøóÑöíÞö ÇáúãõæÕöáö ÇáÓøóÇÆöÑö Ýöíåö Åöáóì ÛóÑóÖöåö æóãóÞúÕöÏöåö.
æóáóãøóÇ ÔõÈøöåó ÇáúÅöÓúáóÇãõ ÈöÇáÕøöÑóÇØö æóÌõÚöáó ßóÇáÔøóíúÁö ÇáúãõÔóÇåóÏö ÕóÇÑó ßóÇáØøóÑöíÞö ÇáúæóÇÖöÍóÉö ÇáúÈóíøöäóÉö ÝóÇÏøõÚöí Ãóäøóåõ ãõÓúÊóÞöíãñ¡ Ãóíú áóÇ ÇÚúæöÌóÇÌó Ýöíåö áöÃóäøó ÇáØøóÑöíÞó ÇáúãõÓúÊóÞöíãó ÃóíúÓóÑõ ÓõáõæßðÇ Úóáóì ÇáÓøóÇÆöÑö
æóÃóÓúÑóÚõ æõÕõæáðÇ Èöåö.
æóÇáúíóÇÁõ ÇáúãõÖóÇÝõ ÅöáóíúåóÇ (ÕöÑóÇØñ) ÊóÚõæÏõ Úóáóì Çááøóåö¡ ßóãóÇ Èóíøóäóåõ Þóæúáõåõ: æóÅöäøóßó áóÊóåúÏöí Åöáì ÕöÑÇØò ãõÓúÊóÞöíãò ÕöÑÇØö Çááøóåö [ÇáÔæÑì: 52¡ 53] Úóáóì ÅöÍúÏóì ØóÑöíÞóÊóíúäö Ýöí ÍößóÇíóÉö ÇáúÞóæúáö ÅöÐóÇ ßóÇäó Ýöí ÇáúãóÞõæáö ÖóãöíÑõ ÇáúÞóÇÆöáö Ãóæú ÖóãöíÑõ ÇáúÂãöÑö ÈöÇáúÞóæúáö¡ ßóãóÇ ÊóÞóÏøóãó ÚöäúÏó Þóæúáöåö ÊóÚóÇáóì: ãóÇ ÞõáúÊõ áóåõãú ÅöáøóÇ ãóÇ ÃóãóÑúÊóäöí Èöåö Ãóäö ÇÚúÈõÏõæÇ Çááøóåó ÑóÈøöí æóÑóÈøóßõãú Ýöí ÓõæÑóÉö ÇáúÚõÞõæÏö [117] ¡ æóÞóÏú ÚóÏóáó Úóäú ØóÑöíÞóÉö ÇáúÛóíúÈóÉö¡ ÇáøóÊöí ÌóÑóì ÚóáóíúåóÇ ÇáúßóáóÇãõ ãöäú(8-Ã/172)
Þóæúáöåö: ãóÇ ÍóÑøóãó ÑóÈøõßõãú [ÇáúÃóäúÚóÇã: 151] áöÛóÑóÖö ÇáúÅöíãóÇÁö Åöáóì ÚöÕúãóÉö åóÐóÇ ÇáÕøöÑóÇØö ãöäó ÇáÒøóáóáö¡ áöÃóäøó ßóæúäóåõ ÕöÑóÇØó Çááøóåö íóßúÝöí Ýöí ÅöÝóÇÏóÉö Ãóäøóåõ ãõæÕöáñ Åöáóì ÇáäøóÌóÇÍö¡ ÝóáöÐóáößó ÕóÍøó ÊóÝúÑöíÚõ ÇáúÃóãúÑö ÈöÇÊøöÈóÇÚöåö Úóáóì ãõÌóÑøóÏö ßóæúäöåö ÕöÑóÇØó Çááøóåö. æóíóÌõæÒõ ÚõæÏõ ÇáúíóÇÁö Åöáóì ÇáäøóÈöíÁö ÇáúãóÃúãõæÑö ÈöÇáúÞóæúáö¡ ÅöáøóÇ Ãóäøó åóÐóÇ íóÓúÊóÏúÚöí ÈöäóÇÁó ÇáÊøóÝúÑöíÚö ÈöÇáúÃóãúÑö ÈöÇÊøöÈóÇÚöåö Úóáóì ÇÏøöÚóÇÁö Ãóäøóåõ æóÇÖöÍõ ÇáöÇÓúÊöÞóÇãóÉö¡ æóÅöáøóÇ ÝóÅöäøó ßóæúäóåõ ØóÑöíÞó ÇáäøóÈöíÁö áóÇ íóÞúÊóÖöí ÊóÓóÈøõÈó ÇáúÃóãúÑö ÈöÇÊøöÈóÇÚöåö Úóäúåõ ÈöÇáäøöÓúÈóÉö Åöáóì ÇáúãõÎóÇØóÈöíäó ÇáúãõßóÐøöÈöíäó.
æóÞóæúáõåõ: ãõÓúÊóÞöíãÇð ÍóÇáñ ãöäö ÇÓúãö ÇáúÅöÔóÇÑóÉö¡ æóÍóÓøóäó æõÞõæÚóåõ ÍóÇáðÇ Ãóäøó ÇáúÅöÔóÇÑóÉó ÈõäöíóÊú Úóáóì ÇÏøöÚóÇÁö Ãóäøóåõ ãõÔóÇåóÏñ¡ ÝóíóÞúÊóÖöí Ãóäøóåõ ãõÓúÊóÍúÖóÑñ Ýöí ÇáÐøöåúäö ÈöãõÌúãóáö ßõáøöíøóÇÊöåö æóãóÇ ÌóÑøóÈõæåõ ãöäúåõ æóÚóÑóÝõæåõ¡ æóÃóäøó Ðóáößó íõÑöíåöãú Ãóäøóåõ Ýöí ÍóÇáö ÇáöÇÓúÊöÞóÇãóÉö ßóÃóäøóåõ ÃóãúÑñ ãóÍúÓõæÓñ¡ æóáöÐóáößó ßóËõÑó ãóÌöíÁõ ÇáúÍóÇáö ãöäö ÇÓúãö ÇáúÅöÔóÇÑóÉö äóÍúæó: æóåÐÇ ÈóÚúáöí ÔóíúÎÇð [åæÏ: 72] æóáóãú íóÃúÊõæÇ Èöåö ÎóÈóÑðÇ.
æÇáÓÈá: ÇáØøóÑúÞõ¡ æóæõÞõæÚõåóÇ åõäóÇ Ýöí ãõÞóÇÈóáóÉö ÇáÕøöÑóÇØö ÇáúãõÓúÊóÞöíãö íóÏõáøõ Úóáóì ÕöÝóÉò ãóÍúÐõæÝóÉò¡ Ãóíö ÇáÓøõÈõáó ÇáúãõÊóÝóÑøöÞóÉó ÛóíúÑó ÇáúãõÓúÊóÞöíãóÉö¡ æóåöíó ÇáøóÊöí íõÓóãøõæäóåóÇ: ÈõäóíøóÇÊö ÇáØøóÑöíÞö¡ æóåöíó ØõÑõÞñ ÊóÊóÔóÚøóÈõ ãöäó ÇáÓøóÈöíáö ÇáúÌóÇÏøóÉö ÐóÇåöÈóÉð¡ íóÓúáõßõåóÇ ÈóÚúÖõ ÇáúãóÇÑøóÉö ÝõÑóÇÏóì Åöáóì ÈõíõæÊöåöãú Ãóæú ãóÑóÇÚöíåöãú ÝóáóÇ ÊóÈúáõÛõ Åöáóì ÈóáóÏò æóáóÇ Åöáóì Íóíøò¡ æóáóÇ íóÓúÊóØöíÚõ ÇáÓøóíúÑó ÝöíåóÇ ÅöáøóÇ ãóäú ÚóÞóáóåóÇ æóÇÚúÊóÇÏóåóÇ¡ ÝóáöÐóáößó ÓóÈóÈñ Úóäö Çáäøóåúíö Þóæúáõåõ: ÝóÊóÝóÑøóÞó Èößõãú Úóäú ÓóÈöíáöåö¡ Ãóíú ÝóÅöäøóåóÇ ØõÑõÞñ ãõÊóÝóÑøöÞóÉñ Ýóåöíó ÊóÌúÚóáõ ÓóÇáößóåóÇ ãõÊóÝóÑøöÞðÇ Úóäö ÇáÓøóÈöíáö ÇáúÌóÇÏøóÉö¡ æóáóíúÓó Ðóáößó áöÃóäøó ÇáÓøóÈöíáó ÇÓúãñ áöáØøóÑöíÞö ÇáÖøóíøöÞóÉö ÛóíúÑö ÇáúãõæÕöáóÉö¡ ÝóÅöäøó ÇáÓøóÈöíáó íõÑóÇÏöÝõ ÇáÕøöÑóÇØó ÃóáóÇ ÊóÑóì Åöáóì Þóæúáöåö: Þõáú åÐöåö ÓóÈöíáöí [íõæÓõÝ: 108] ¡ Èóáú áöÃóäøó ÇáúãõÞóÇÈóáóÉó æóÇáúÅöÎúÈóÇÑó ÚóäúåóÇ ÈöÇáÊøóÝóÑøõÞö Ïóáøó Úóáóì Ãóäøó ÇáúãõÑóÇÏó ÓõÈõáñ ÎóÇÕøóÉñ ãóæúÕõæÝóÉñ ÈöÛóíúÑö ÇáöÇÓúÊöÞóÇãóÉö.
æóÇáúÈóÇÁõ Ýöí Þóæúáöåö: Èößõãú áöáúãõÕóÇÍóÈóÉö: Ãóíú ÝóÊóÊóÝóÑøõÞõ ÇáÓøõÈõáö ãõÕóÇÍöÈóÉñ áóßõãú¡ Ãóíú ÊóÊóÝóÑøóÞõæäó ãóÚó ÊóÝóÑøõÞöåóÇ¡ æóåóÐöåö ÇáúãõÕóÇÍóÈóÉõ ÇáúãóÌóÇÒöíøóÉõ ÊóÌúÚóáõ ÇáúÈóÇÁó ÈöãóäúÒöáóÉö(8-Ã/173)
åóãúÒóÉö ÇáÊøóÚúÏöíóÉö ßóãóÇ ÞóÇáóåõ ÇáäøõÍóÇÉõ¡ Ýöí äóÍúæö: ÐóåóÈúÊõ ÈöÒóíúÏò¡ Ãóäøóåõ ÈöãóÚúäóì ÃóÐúåóÈúÊõåõ¡ Ýóíóßõæäõ ÇáúãóÚúäóì ÝóÊõÝóÑøöÞõßõãú Úóäú ÓóÈöíáöåö¡ Ãóíú áóÇ ÊõáóÇÞõæäó
æóÇáÖøóãöíÑõ ÇáúãõÖóÇÝõ Åöáóíúåö Ýöí: ÓóÈöíáöåö íóÚõæÏõ Åöáóì Çááøóåö ÊóÚóÇáóì ÈöÞóÑöíäóÉö ÇáúãóÞóÇãö¡ ÝóÅöÐóÇ ßóÇäó ÖóãöíÑõ ÇáúãõÊóßóáøöãö Ýöí Þóæúáöåö: ÕöÑÇØöí ÚóÇÆöÏðÇ áöáøóåö ßóÇäó Ýöí ÖóãöíÑö ÓóÈöíáöåö ÇáúÊöÝóÇÊðÇ Úóäú ÓóÈöíáöí.
Ñóæóì ÇáäøóÓóÇÆöíøõ Ýöí «Óõäóäöåö» ¡ æóÃóÍúãóÏõ¡ æóÇáÏøóÇÑöãöíøõ Ýöí «ãóÓúäóÏóíúåöãóÇ» ¡ æóÇáúÍóÇßöãõ Ýöí «ÇáúãõÓúÊóÏúÑóßö» ¡ Úóäú ÚóÈúÏö Çááøóåö Èúäö ãóÓúÚõæÏò¡ ÞóÇáó: ÎóØøó áóäóÇ ÑóÓõæá Çááå Õóáøóì Çááåõ Úóáóíúåö æóÓóáøóãó íóæúãðÇ ÎóØøðÇ Ëõãøó ÞóÇáó: åóÐóÇ ÓóÈöíáõ Çááøóåö¡ Ëõãøó ÎóØøó ÎõØõæØðÇ Úóäú íóãöíäöåö æóÚóäú ÔöãóÇáöåö (Ãóíú Úóäú íóãöíäö ÇáúÎóØøö ÇáúãóÎúØõæØö ÃóæøóáðÇ æóÚóäú ÔöãóÇáöåö) Ëõãøó ÞóÇáó: «åóÐöåö ÓõÈõáñ Úóáóì ßõáøö ÓóÈöíáò ãöäúåóÇ ÔóíúØóÇäñ íóÏúÚõæ ÅöáóíúåóÇ» Ëõãøó ÞóÑóÃó: æóÃóäøó åóÐóÇ ÕöÑÇØöí ãõÓúÊóÞöíãÇð ÝóÇÊøóÈöÚõæåõ æóáÇ ÊóÊøóÈöÚõæÇ ÇáÓøõÈõáó ÝóÊóÝóÑøóÞó Èößõãú Úóäú ÓóÈöíáöåö.
æóÑóæóì ÃóÍúãóÏõ¡ æóÇÈúäõ ãóÇÌóåú¡ æóÇÈúäõ ãóÑúÏóæóíúåö¡ Úóäú ÌóÇÈöÑö Èúäö ÚóÈúÏö Çááøóåö ÞóÇáó: «ßõäøóÇ ÚöäúÏ ÇáäøÈíÁ Õóáøóì Çááåõ Úóáóíúåö æóÓóáøóãó ÝóÎóØøó ÎóØøðÇ æóÎóØøó ÎóØøóíúäö Úóäú íóãöíäöåö æóÎóØøó ÎóØøóíúäö Úóäú íóÓóÇÑöåö Ëõãøó æóÖóÚó íóÏóåõ Ýöí ÇáúÎóØøö ÇáúÃóæúÓóØö (Ãóíö ÇáøóÐöí Èóíúäó ÇáúÎõØõæØö ÇáúÃõÎúÑóì) ÝóÞóÇáó: åóÐöåö ÓóÈöíáõ Çááøóåö¡ Ëõãøó ÊóáóÇ åóÐöåö ÇáúÂíóÉó: æóÃóäøó åóÐóÇ ÕöÑÇØöí ãõÓúÊóÞöíãÇð ÝóÇÊøóÈöÚõæåõ æóáÇ ÊóÊøóÈöÚõæÇ ÇáÓøõÈõáó ÝóÊóÝóÑøóÞó Èößõãú Úóäú ÓóÈöíáöåö Ðáößõãú æóÕøóÇßõãú Èöåö áóÚóáøóßõãú ÊóÊøóÞõæäó
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æóãóÇ æóÞóÚó Ýöí ÇáÑøöæóÇíóÉö ÇáúÃõæáóì (æóÎóØøó ÎõØõæØðÇ) åõæó ÈöÇÚúÊöÈóÇÑö ãóÌúãõæÚö ãóÇ Úóáóì Çáúíóãöíäö æóÇáÔøöãóÇáö. æóåóÐóÇ ÑóÓúãõåõ Úóáóì ÓóÈöíáö ÇáÊøóÞúÑöíÈö:
æóÞóæúáõåõ: Ðáößõãú æóÕøóÇßõãú Èöåö áóÚóáøóßõãú ÊóÊøóÞõæäó ÊóÐúíöíáõ ÊóßúÑöíÑò áöãöËúáóíúåö ÇáÓøóÇÈöÞóíúäö¡ ÝóÇáúÅöÔóÇÑóÉõ Èö Ðáößõãú Åöáóì ÇáÕøöÑóÇØö¡ æóÇáúæöÕóÇíóÉõ Èöåö ãóÚúäóÇåóÇ ÇáúæöÕóÇíóÉõ ÈöãóÇ íóÍúÊóæöí Úóáóíúåö.
æóÌóÚóáó ÇáÑøóÌóÇÁó áöáÊøóÞúæóì áöÃóäøó åóÐöåö ÇáÓøóÈöíáó ÊóÍúÊóæöí Úóáóì ÊóÑúßö ÇáúãõÍóÑøóãóÇÊö¡ æóÊóÒöíÏõ ÈöãóÇ ÊóÍúÊóæöí Úóáóíúåö ãöäú ÝöÚúáö ÇáÕøóÇáöÍóÇÊö¡ ÝóÅöÐóÇ ÇÊøóÈóÚóåóÇ ÇáÓøóÇáößõ ÝóÞóÏú(8-Ã/174)
Ëõãøó ÂÊóíúäóÇ ãõæÓóì ÇáúßöÊóÇÈó ÊóãóÇãðÇ Úóáóì ÇáøóÐöí ÃóÍúÓóäó æóÊóÝúÕöíáðÇ áößõáøö ÔóíúÁò æóåõÏðì æóÑóÍúãóÉð áóÚóáøóåõãú ÈöáöÞóÇÁö ÑóÈøöåöãú íõÄúãöäõæäó (154)
ÕóÇÑó ãöäó ÇáúãõÊøóÞöíäó Ãóíö ÇáøóÐöíäó ÇÊøóÕóÝõæÇ ÈöÇáÊøóÞúæóì ÈöãóÚúäóÇåóÇ ÇáÔøóÑúÚöíøö ßóÞóæúáöåö ÊóÚóÇáóì: åõÏìð áöáúãõÊøóÞöíäó [ÇáúÈóÞóÑóÉ: 2] .
[154]
[ÓõæÑóÉ ÇáúÃóäúÚóÇã (6) : ÂíóÉ 154]
Ëõãøó ÂÊóíúäÇ ãõæÓóì ÇáúßöÊÇÈó ÊóãÇãÇð Úóáóì ÇáøóÐöí ÃóÍúÓóäó æóÊóÝúÕöíáÇð áößõáøö ÔóíúÁò æóåõÏìð æóÑóÍúãóÉð áóÚóáøóåõãú ÈöáöÞÇÁö ÑóÈøöåöãú íõÄúãöäõæäó (154)
Ëõãøó åõäóÇ ÚóÇØöÝóÉñ Úóáóì ÌõãúáóÉö: Þõáú ÊóÚÇáóæúÇ [ÇáúÃóäúÚóÇã: 151] ÝóáóíúÓóÊú ÚóÇØöÝóÉð áöáúãõÝúÑóÏóÇÊö¡ ÝóáóÇ íõÊóæóåøóãõ ÃóäøóåóÇ áöÊóÑóÇÎöí ÇáÒøóãóÇäö¡ Èóáú ÊóäúÓóáöÎõ Úóäúåõ Íöíäó ÊóÚúØöÝõ ÇáúÌõãóáó ÝóÊóÏõáøõ Úóáóì ÇáÊøóÑóÇÎöí Ýöí ÇáÑøõÊúÈóÉö¡ æóåõæó ãõåúáóÉñ ãóÌóÇÒöíøóÉñ¡ æóÊöáúßó ÏóáóÇáóÉõ (Ëõãøó) ÅöÐóÇ ÚóØóÝóÊö ÇáúÌõãóáó. æóÞóÏö ÇÓúÊõÕúÚöÈó Úóáóì ÈóÚúÖö ÇáúãõÝóÓøöÑöíäó ãóÓúáóßõ (Ëõãøó) Ýöí åóÐöåö ÇáúÂíóÉö áöÃóäøó ÅöÊúíóÇäó ãõæÓóì Úóáóíúåö ÇáÓøóáóÇãõ ÇáúßöÊóÇÈó áóíúÓó ÈöÑõÊúÈóÉò Ãóåóãøó
ãöäú ÑõÊúÈóÉö ÊöáóÇæóÉö ãóÇ ÍóÑøóãóåõ Çááøóåõ ãöäó ÇáúãõÍóÑøóãóÇÊö æóãóÇ ÝóÑóÖóåõ ãöäó ÇÊøöÈóÇÚö ÕöÑóÇØö ÇáúÅöÓúáóÇãö. æóÊóÚóÏøóÏóÊú ÂÑóÇÁõ ÇáúãõÝóÓøöÑöíäó Ýöí ãóÍúãöáö (Ëõãøó) åõäóÇ Åöáóì ÂÑóÇÁò: áöáúÝóÑøóÇÁö¡ æóÇáÒøóÌøóÇÌö¡ æóÇáÒøóãóÎúÔóÑöíøö¡ æóÃóÈöí ãõÓúáöãò¡ æóÛóíúÑöåöãú¡ ßõáøñ íóÑõæãõ ÇáÊøóÎóáøõÕó ãöäú åóÐóÇ ÇáúãóÖöíÞö.
æóÇáúæóÌúåõ ÚöäúÏöí: Ãóäøó (Ëõãøó) ãóÇ ÝóÇÑóÞóÊö ÇáúãóÚúÑõæÝó ãöäú ÅöÝóÇÏóÉö ÇáÊøóÑóÇÎöí ÇáÑøõÊúÈöíøö¡ æóÃóäøó ÊÑÇÎí ÑõÊúÈóÉ ÅíÊóÇÁ ãõæÓóì Úóáóíúåö ÇáÓøóáóÇãõ ÇáúßöÊóÇÈó Úóäú ÊöáóÇæóÉö ãóÇ ÍóÑøóãó Çááøóåõ Ýöí ÇáúÞõÑúÂäö¡ æóãóÇ ÃõãöÑó Èöåö ãöäú ãõáóÇÒóãóÉö ÕöÑóÇØö ÇáúÅöÓúáóÇãö¡ ÅöäøóãóÇ íóÙúåóÑõ ÈóÚúÏó ÇáäøóÙóÑö Åöáóì ÇáúãóÞúÕõæÏö ãöäú äóÙúãö ÇáúßóáóÇãö¡ ÝóÅöäøó ÇáúãóÞúÕõæÏó ãóäú ÐößúÑö ÅöíÊóÇÁö ãõæÓóì Úóáóíúåö ÇáÓøóáóÇãõ ÇáúßöÊóÇÈó áóíúÓó áöÐóÇÊöåö Èóáú åõæó ÇáÊøóãúåöíÏõ áöÞóæúáöåö: æóåÐÇ ßöÊÇÈñ ÃóäúÒóáúäÇåõ ãõÈÇÑóßñ [ÇáúÃóäúÚóÇã: 92] áöíõÑóÊøóÈó Úóáóíúåö Þóæúáõåõ: Ãóäú ÊóÞõæáõæÇ ÅöäøóãÇ ÃõäúÒöáó ÇáúßöÊÇÈõ Úóáì ØÇÆöÝóÊóíúäö ãöäú ÞóÈúáöäÇ- Åöáóì Þóæúáöåö: æóåõÏìð æóÑóÍúãóÉð [ÇáúÃóäúÚóÇã: 156¡ 157] ¡ ÝóãóÚúäóì ÇáúßóáóÇãö: æóÝóæúÞó Ðóáößó ÝóåóÐóÇ ßöÊóÇÈñ ÃóäúÒóáúäóÇåõ ãõÈóÇÑóßñ ÌõãöÚó Ýöíåö ãóÇ ÃõæÊöíóåõ ãõæÓóì Úóáóíúåö ÇáÓøóáóÇãõ (æóåõæó ÃóÚúÙóãõ ãóÇ ÃõæÊöíóåõ ÇáúÃóäúÈöíóÇÁõ ãöäú ÞóÈúáöåö) æóãóÇ Ýöí ÇáúÞõÑúÂäö: ÇáøóÐöí åõæó ãõÕóÏøöÞñ áöãóÇ Èóíúäó íóÏóíúåö æóãõåóíúãöäñ Úóáóíúåö Åöäö ÇÊøóÈóÚúÊõãõæåõ æóÇÊøóÞóíúÊõãú ÑóÍöãúäóÇßõãú æóáóÇ ãóÚúÐöÑóÉó áóßõãú(8-Ã/175)
Ãóäú ÊóÞõæáõæÇ áóæú ÃõäúÒöáó áóäóÇ ßöÊóÇÈñ áóßõäøóÇ ÃóÝúÖóáó ÇåúÊöÏóÇÁð ãöäú Ãóåúáö ÇáúßöÊóÇÈóíúäö¡ ÝóåóÐóÇ ÛóÑóÖñ Ãóåóãøõ ÌóãúÚðÇ áöÇÊøöÈóÇÚö ÌóãöíÚö ãóÇ ÇÔúÊóãóáó Úóáóíúåö ÇáúÞõÑúÂäõ¡ æóÃõÏúÎöáó Ýöí ÅöÞúäóÇÚö ÇáúãõÎóÇØóÈöíäó ÈöãóÒöíøóÉö ÃóÎúÐöåöãú ÈöåóÐóÇ ÇáúßöÊóÇÈö.
æóãõäóÇÓóÈóÉõ åóÐóÇ ÇáöÇäúÊöÞóÇáö: ãóÇ ÐõßöÑó ãöäú ÕöÑóÇØö Çááøóåö ÇáøóÐöí åõæó ÇáúÅöÓúáóÇãõ¡ ÝóÅöäøó ÇáúãõÔúÑößöíäó áóãøóÇ ßóÐøóÈõæÇ ÏóÚúæóÉó ÇáúÅöÓúáóÇãö ÐóßøóÑóåõãõ Çááøóåõ ÈöÃóäøóåõ ÂÊóì ãõæÓóì Úóáóíúåö ÇáÓøóáóÇãõ ÇáúßöÊóÇÈó ßóãóÇ ÇÔúÊóåóÑó Èóíúäóåõãú ÍóÓúÈóãóÇ ÈóíøóäóÇåõ ÚöäúÏó Þóæúáöåö ÊóÚóÇáóì: æóãÇ ÞóÏóÑõæÇ Çááøóåó ÍóÞøó ÞóÏúÑöåö ÅöÐú ÞÇáõæÇ ãóÇ ÃóäúÒóáó Çááøóåõ Úóáì ÈóÔóÑò ãöäú ÔóíúÁò Þõáú ãóäú ÃóäúÒóáó ÇáúßöÊÇÈó ÇáøóÐöí ÌÇÁó Èöåö ãõæÓì [91] ÇáúÂíóÉó¡ Ýöí åóÐöåö ÇáÓøõæÑóÉö¡ áöíóäúÊóÞöáó Åöáóì ÐößúÑö ÇáúÞõÑúÂäö æóÇáÊøóÍúÑöíÖö Úóáóì ÇÊøöÈóÇÚöåö Ýóíóßõæäó ÇáÊøóÐúßöíÑõ ÈößöÊóÇÈö ãõæÓóì Úóáóíúåö ÇáÓøóáóÇãõ ÊóãúåöíÏðÇ áöÐóáößó ÇáúÛóÑóÖö.
æÇáúßöÊÇÈõ åõæó ÇáúãóÚúåõæÏõ¡ Ãóíö ÇáÊøóæúÑóÇÉõ¡ æÊóãÇãÇð ÍóÇáñ ãöäó ÇáúßöÊóÇÈö¡ æóÇáÊøóãóÇãõ ÇáúßóãóÇáõ¡ Ãóíú ßóÇäó Ðóáößó ÇáúßöÊóÇÈõ ßóãóÇáðÇ áöãóÇ Ýöí Èóäöí ÅöÓúÑóÇÆöíáó ãöäó ÇáÕøóáóÇÍö ÇáøóÐöí åõæó ÈóÞöíøóÉñ ãöãøóÇ ÊóáóÞøóæúåõ Úóäú ÃóÓúáóÇÝöåöãú: ãöäú ÕóáóÇÍö ÅöÈúÑóÇåöíãó¡ æóãóÇ ßóÇäó Úóáóíúåö ÅöÓúÍóÇÞõ æóíóÚúÞõæÈõ æóÇáúÃóÓúÈóÇØõ Úóáóíúåöãõ ÇáÓøóáóÇãõ¡ ÝóßóÇäóÊö ÇáÊøóæúÑóÇÉõ ãõßóãøöáóÉð áöÕóáóÇÍöåöãú¡ æóãõÒöíáóÉð áöãóÇ ÇÚúÊóÑóÇåõãú ãöäó ÇáúÝóÓóÇÏö¡ æóÃóäøó ÅöÒóÇáóÉó ÇáúÝóÓóÇÏö ÊóßúãöáóÉñ áöáÕøóáóÇÍö. æóæóÕúÝõ ÇáÊøóæúÑóÇÉö ÈöÇáÊøóãóÇãö ãõÈóÇáóÛóÉñ Ýöí ãóÚúäóì ÇáúãõÊóãøö.
æóÇáúãóæúÕõæáõ Ýöí Þóæúáöåö: Úóáóì ÇáøóÐöí ÃóÍúÓóäó ãõÑóÇÏñ Èöåö ÇáúÌöäúÓõ¡ ÝóáöÐóáößó ÇÓúÊóæóì ãõÝúÑóÏõåõ æóÌóãúÚõåõ. æóÇáúãõÑóÇÏõ Èöåö åõäóÇ ÇáúÝóÑöíÞõ ÇáúãõÍúÓöäõ¡ Ãóíú ÊóãóÇãðÇ áöÅöÍúÓóÇäö ÇáúãõÍúÓöäöíäó ãöäú Èóäöí ÅöÓúÑóÇÆöíáó¡ ÝóÇáúÝöÚúáõ ãóäóÒøóáñ ãóäúÒöáóÉó ÇááøóÇÒöãö¡ Ãóíö ÇáøóÐöí ÇÊøóÕóÝó ÈöÇáúÅöÍúÓóÇäö.
æóÇáÊøóÝúÕöíáõ: ÇáÊøóÈúíöíäõ¡ æóÞóÏú ÊóÞóÏøóãó ÚöäúÏó Þóæúáöåö ÊóÚóÇáóì: æóßóÐáößó äõÝóÕøöáõ ÇáúÂíÇÊö Ýöí åóÐöåö ÇáÓøõæÑóÉö(8-Ã/176)
æ (áößõáøö ÔóíúÁò) ãõÑóÇÏñ Èöåö ÃóÚúÙóãõ ÇáúÃóÔúíóÇÁö¡ Ãóíö ÇáúãõåöãøóÇÊõ ÇáúãõÍúÊóÇÌõ Åöáóì ÈóíóÇäö ÃóÍúßóÇãöåóÇ Ýöí ÃóÍúæóÇáö ÇáÏøöíäö. ÝóÊóßõæäõ (ßõáøõ) ãõÓúÊóÚúãóáóÉð Ýöí ãóÚúäóì ÇáúßóËúÑóÉö ßóãóÇ ÊóÞóÏøóãó Ýöí Þóæúáöåö ÊóÚóÇáóì: æóáóÆöäú ÃóÊóíúÊó ÇáøóÐöíäó ÃõæÊõæÇ ÇáúßöÊÇÈó Èößõáøö ÂíóÉò ãóÇ ÊóÈöÚõæÇ ÞöÈúáóÊóßó Ýöí ÓõæÑóÉö ÇáúÈóÞóÑóÉö [145] . Ãóæú Ýöí ãóÚúäóì ÇáúÚóÙöíãö ãöäó ÇáúÃóÔúíóÇÁö ßóÃóäøóåõ ÌóãóÚó ÇáúÃóÔúíóÇÁó ßõáøóåóÇ.
Ãóæú íõÑóÇÏõ ÈöÇáÔøóíúÁö: ÇáÔøóíúÁõ Çáúãõåöãøõ¡ Ýóíóßõæäõ ãöäú ÍóÐúÝö ÇáÕøöÝóÉö¡ ßóÞóæúáöåö: íóÃúÎõÐõ ßõáøó ÓóÝöíäóÉò ÛóÕúÈÇð [ÇáúßóåúÝ: 79] ¡ Ãóíú ßõáøó ÓóÝöíäóÉò ÕóÇáöÍóÉò¡ æóãöËúáõåõ Þóæúáõåõ ÊóÚóÇáóì: ãóÇ ÝóÑøóØúäÇ Ýöí ÇáúßöÊÇÈö ãöäú ÔóíúÁò [ÇáúÃóäúÚóÇã: 38] .
æóÞóæúáõåõ: áóÚóáøóåõãú ÈöáöÞÇÁö ÑóÈøöåöãú íõÄúãöäõæäó ÑóÌóÇÁ Ãóä ÊÄãäæÇ ÈöáöÞóÇÁö ÑóÈøöåöãú¡ æóÇáÖøóãöíÑõ ÚóÇÆöÏñ Åöáóì ãóÚúáõæãò ãöäó ÇáúãóÞóÇãö æóåõãú Èóäõæ ÅöÓúÑóÇÆöíáó¡ ÅöÐú ÞóÏú Úõáöãó ãöäú ÅöíÊóÇÁö ãõæÓóì Úóáóíúåö ÇáÓøóáóÇãõ ÇáúßöÊóÇÈó Ãóäøó ÇáúãõäúÊóÝöÚöíäó Èöåö åõãú Þóæúãõåõ Èóäõæ ÅöÓúÑóÇÆöíáó¡ æóãóÚúäóì Ðóáößó: áóÚóáøóåõãú Åöäú ÊóÍóÑøóæúÇ Ýöí ÃóÚúãóÇáöåöãú¡ Úóáóì ãóÇ íõäóÇÓöÈõ ÇáúÅöíãóÇäó ÈöáöÞóÇÁö ÑóÈøöåöãú¡ ÝóÅöäøó Èóäöí ÅöÓúÑóÇÆöíáó ßóÇäõæÇ ãõÄúãöäöíäó ÈöáöÞóÇÁö Çááøóåö ãöäú ÞóÈúáö äõÒõæáö ÇáÊøóæúÑóÇÉö¡ æóáóßöäøóåõãú ØóÑóÃó Úóáóíúåöãú ãöäú ÃóÒúãöäóÉò ØóæöíáóÉò: ãöäú ÃóØúæóÇÑö ãõÌóÇæóÑóÉö ÇáúÞöÈúØö¡ æóãóÇ áóÍöÞóåõãú ãöäó ÇáúãóÐóáøóÉö æóÇáÊøóÛóÑøõÈö æóÇáúÎóÕóÇÕóÉö æóÇáöÇÓúÊöÚúÈóÇÏö¡ ãóÇ ÑóÝóÚó ãöäúåõãõ ÇáúÚöáúãó¡ æóÃóÐúæóì ÇáúÃóÎúáóÇÞó ÇáúÝóÇÖöáóÉó¡ ÝóäóÓõæÇ ãõÑóÇÞóÈóÉó Çááøóåö ÊóÚóÇáóì¡ æóÃóÝúÓóÏõæÇ¡ ÍóÊøóì ßóÇäó ÍóÇáõåõãú ßóÍóÇáö ãóäú áóÇ íõÄúãöäõ ÈöÃóäøóåõ íóáúÞóì Çááøóåó¡ ÝóÃóÑóÇÏó Çááøóåõ ÅöÕúáóÇÍóåõãú ÈöÈóÚúËöåö ãõæÓóì Úóáóíúåö ÇáÓøóáóÇãõ¡ áöíóÑúÌöÚõæÇ Åöáóì ãóÇ ßóÇäó Úóáóíúåö ÓóáóÝõåõãõ ÇáÕøóÇáöÍõ ãöäú ãõÑóÇÞóÈóÉö Çááøóåö ÊóÚóÇáóì æóÎóÔúíóÉö áöÞóÇÆöåö¡ æóÇáÑøóÛúÈóÉö Ýöí Ãóäú íóáúÞóæúåõ æóåõæó ÑóÇÖò Úóäúåõãú. æóåóÐóÇ ÊóÚúÑöíÖñ ÈöÃóåúáö ãóßøóÉó æóãóäú Åöáóíúåöãú ãöäó ÇáúÚóÑóÈö¡ ÝóßóÐóáößó ßóÇäó ÓóáóÝõåõãú Úóáóì åõÏðì æóÕóáóÇÍò¡ ÝóÏóÎóáó Ýöíåöãú ãóäú ÃóÖóáøóåõãú æóáóÞøóäóåõãõ ÇáÔøöÑúßó æóÅöäúßóÇÑó ÇáúÈóÚúËö¡ ÝóÃóÑúÓóáó Çááøóåõ Åöáóíúåöã ãÍãøÏÇ Õóáøóì Çááåõ Úóáóíúåö æóÓóáøóãó áöíóÑõÏøóåõãú Åöáóì ÇáúåõÏóì æóíõÄúãöäõæÇ ÈöáöÞóÇÁö ÑóÈøöåöãú.
æóÊóÞúÏöíãõ ÇáúãóÌúÑõæÑö Úóáóì ÚóÇãöáöåö áöáöÇåúÊöãóÇãö ÈöÃóãúÑö ÇáúÈóÚúË æóÇáúÌóÒóÇÁ.(8-Ã/177)
æóåóÐóÇ ßöÊóÇÈñ ÃóäúÒóáúäóÇåõ ãõÈóÇÑóßñ ÝóÇÊøóÈöÚõæåõ æóÇÊøóÞõæÇ áóÚóáøóßõãú ÊõÑúÍóãõæäó (155) Ãóäú ÊóÞõæáõæÇ ÅöäøóãóÇ ÃõäúÒöáó ÇáúßöÊóÇÈõ Úóáóì ØóÇÆöÝóÊóíúäö ãöäú ÞóÈúáöäóÇ æóÅöäú ßõäøóÇ Úóäú ÏöÑóÇÓóÊöåöãú áóÛóÇÝöáöíäó (156) Ãóæú ÊóÞõæáõæÇ áóæú ÃóäøóÇ ÃõäúÒöáó ÚóáóíúäóÇ ÇáúßöÊóÇÈõ áóßõäøóÇ ÃóåúÏóì ãöäúåõãú ÝóÞóÏú ÌóÇÁóßõãú ÈóíøöäóÉñ ãöäú ÑóÈøößõãú æóåõÏðì æóÑóÍúãóÉñ Ýóãóäú ÃóÙúáóãõ ãöãøóäú ßóÐøóÈó ÈöÂíóÇÊö Çááøóåö æóÕóÏóÝó ÚóäúåóÇ ÓóäóÌúÒöí ÇáøóÐöíäó íóÕúÏöÝõæäó Úóäú ÂíóÇÊöäóÇ ÓõæÁó ÇáúÚóÐóÇÈö ÈöãóÇ ßóÇäõæÇ íóÕúÏöÝõæäó (157)
[ÓõæÑóÉ ÇáúÃóäúÚóÇã (6) : ÇáúÂíóÇÊ 155 Åöáóì 157]
æóåÐÇ ßöÊÇÈñ ÃóäúÒóáúäÇåõ ãõÈÇÑóßñ ÝóÇÊøóÈöÚõæåõ æóÇÊøóÞõæÇ áóÚóáøóßõãú ÊõÑúÍóãõæäó (155) Ãóäú ÊóÞõæáõæÇ ÅöäøóãÇ ÃõäúÒöáó ÇáúßöÊÇÈõ Úóáì ØÇÆöÝóÊóíúäö ãöäú ÞóÈúáöäÇ æóÅöäú ßõäøóÇ Úóäú ÏöÑÇÓóÊöåöãú áóÛÇÝöáöíäó (156) Ãóæú ÊóÞõæáõæÇ áóæú ÃóäøóÇ ÃõäúÒöáó ÚóáóíúäóÇ ÇáúßöÊÇÈõ áóßõäøóÇ ÃóåúÏì ãöäúåõãú ÝóÞóÏú ÌÇÁóßõãú ÈóíøöäóÉñ ãöäú ÑóÈøößõãú æóåõÏìð æóÑóÍúãóÉñ Ýóãóäú ÃóÙúáóãõ ãöãøóäú ßóÐøóÈó ÈöÂíÇÊö Çááøóåö æóÕóÏóÝó ÚóäúåÇ ÓóäóÌúÒöí ÇáøóÐöíäó íóÕúÏöÝõæäó Úóäú ÂíÇÊöäÇ ÓõæÁó ÇáúÚóÐÇÈö ÈöãÇ ßÇäõæÇ íóÕúÏöÝõæäó (157)
ÌõãúáóÉõ: æóåÐÇ ßöÊÇÈñ ÃóäúÒóáúäÇåõ ãõÈÇÑóßñ ÚóØúÝñ Úóáóì ÌõãúáóÉö: Ëõãøó ÂÊóíúäÇ ãõæÓóì ÇáúßöÊÇÈó [ÇáúÃóäúÚóÇã: 154] . æóÇáúãÚúäóì: ÂÊóíúäóÇ ãõæÓóì ÇáúßöÊóÇÈó æóÃóäúÒóáúäóÇ åóÐóÇ ÇáúßöÊóÇÈó ßóãóÇ ÊóÞóÏøóãó ÚöäúÏó Þóæúáöåö ÊóÚóÇáóì:
Ëõãøó ÂÊóíúäÇ ãõæÓóì ÇáúßöÊÇÈó [ÇáúÃóäúÚóÇã: 154] ÅöáóÎú ...
æóÇÝúÊöÊóÇÍõ ÇáúÌõãúáóÉö ÈöÇÓúãö ÇáúÅöÔóÇÑóÉö¡ æóÈöäóÇÁõ ÇáúÝöÚúáö Úóáóíúåö¡ æóÌóÚúáõ ÇáúßöÊóÇÈö ÇáøóÐöí ÍóÞøõåõ Ãóäú íóßõæäó ãóÝúÚõæáó: ÃóäúÒóáúäÇåõ ãõÈúÊóÏóÃð¡ ßõáøõ Ðóáößó áöáöÇåúÊöãóÇãö ÈöÇáúßöÊóÇÈö æóÇáÊøóäúæöíåö Èöåö¡ æóÞóÏú ÊóÞóÏøóãó äóÙöíÑõåõ: æóåÐÇ ßöÊÇÈñ ÃóäúÒóáúäÇåõ ãõÈÇÑóßñ ãõÕóÏøöÞõ ÇáøóÐöí Èóíúäó íóÏóíúåö Ýöí åóÐöåö ÇáÓøõæÑóÉö [92] .
æóÊóÝúÑöíÚõ ÇáúÃóãúÑö ÈöÇÊøöÈóÇÚöåö Úóáóì ßóæúäöåö ãõäóÒøóáðÇ ãöäó Çááøóåö¡ æóßóæúäöåö ãõÈóÇÑóßðÇ¡ ÙóÇåöÑñ: áöÃóäøó ãóÇ ßóÇäó ßóÐóáößó áóÇ íóÊóÑóÏøóÏõ ÃóÍóÏñ Ýöí ÇÊøöÈóÇÚöåö.
æóÇáöÇÊøöÈóÇÚõ ÃõØúáöÞó Úóáóì ÇáúÚóãóáö ÈöãóÇ Ýöíåö Úóáóì ÓóÈöíáö ÇáúãóÌóÇÒö. æóÞóÏú ãóÖóì ÇáúßóáóÇãõ Ýöíåö ÚöäúÏó Þóæúáöåö ÊóÚóÇáóì: Åöäú ÃóÊøóÈöÚõ ÅöáøóÇ ãóÇ íõæÍì Åöáóíøó [ÇáúÃóäúÚóÇã: 50] ¡ æóÞóæúáöåö: ÇÊøóÈöÚú ãóÇ ÃõæÍöíó Åöáóíúßó ãöäú ÑóÈøößó Ýöí åóÐöåö ÇáÓøõæÑóÉö(8-Ã/178)
æóÇáúÎöØóÇÈõ Ýöí Þóæúáöåö: ÝóÇÊøóÈöÚõæåõ áöáúãõÔúÑößöíäó¡ ÈöÞóÑöíäóÉö Þóæúáöåö: Ãóäú ÊóÞõæáõæÇ ÅöäøóãÇ ÃõäúÒöáó ÇáúßöÊÇÈõ Úóáì ØÇÆöÝóÊóíúäö ãöäú ÞóÈúáöäÇ.
æóÌõãúáóÉõ: ÃóäúÒóáúäÇåõ Ýöí ãóÍóáøö ÇáÕøöÝóÉö áö ßöÊÇÈñ¡ æó (ãõÈóÇÑóßñ) ÕöÝóÉñ ËóÇäöíóÉñ¡ æóåõãóÇ ÇáúãóÞúÕöÏõ ãöäö ÇáúÅöÎúÈóÇÑö¡ áöÃóäøó ßóæúäóåõ ßöÊóÇÈðÇ áóÇ ãöÑúíóÉó Ýöíåö¡ æóÅöäøóãóÇ ÇãúÊóÑóæúÇ Ýöí ßóæúäöåö ãõäóÒøóáðÇ ãöäú ÚöäúÏö Çááøóåö¡ æóÝöí ßóæúäöåö ãõÈóÇÑóßðÇ. æóÍóÓõäó ÚóØúÝõ: ãõÈÇÑóßñ Úóáóì: ÃóäúÒóáúäÇåõ áöÃóäøó ÇÓúãó ÇáúãóÝúÚõæáö- áöÇÔúÊöÞóÇÞöåö- åõæó Ýöí ÞõæøóÉö ÇáúÝöÚúáö. æóãóÚúäóì: ÇÊøóÞõæÇ ßõæäõæÇ ãõÊøóÕöÝöíäó ÈöÇáÊøóÞúæóì æóåöíó ÇáúÃóÎúÐõ ÈöÏöíäö ÇáúÍóÞøö æóÇáúÚóãóáõ Èöåö. æóÝöí Þóæúáöåö: áóÚóáøóßõãú ÊõÑúÍóãõæäó æóÚúÏñ Úóáóì ÇÊøöÈóÇÚöåö æóÊóÚúÑöíÖñ ÈöÇáúæóÚöíÏö ÈöÚóÐóÇÈö ÇáÏøõäúíóÇ æóÇáúÂÎöÑóÉö Åöäú áóãú íóÊøóÈöÚõæåõ.
æóÞóæúáõåõ: Ãóäú ÊóÞõæáõæÇ Ýöí ãóæúÖöÚö ÇáÊøóÚúáöíáö áöÝöÚúáö ÃóäúÒóáúäÇåõ Úóáóì ÊóÞúÏöíÑö áóÇãö ÇáÊøóÚúáöíáö ãóÍúÐõæÝóÉð Úóáóì ãóÇ åõæó ãóÚúÑõæÝñ ãöäú ÍóÐúÝöåóÇ ãóÚó (Ãóäú) . æóÇáÊøóÞúÏöíÑõ: áöÃóäú ÊóÞõæáõæÇ¡ Ãóíú áöÞóæúáößõãú Ðóáößó Ýöí ÇáúãõÓúÊóÞúÈóáö¡ Ãóíú áöãõáóÇÍóÙóÉö Þóæúáößõãú æóÊóæóÞøõÚö æõÞõæÚöåö¡ ÝóÇáúÞóæúáõ ÈóÇÚöËñ Úóáóì ÅöäúÒóÇáö ÇáúßöÊóÇÈö.
æóÇáúãóÞóÇãõ íóÏõáøõ Úóáóì Ãóäøó åóÐóÇ ÇáúÞóæúáó ßóÇäó ÈóÇÚöËðÇ Úóáóì ÅöäúÒóÇáö åóÐóÇ ÇáúßöÊóÇÈö¡ æóÇáúÚöáøóÉõ ÇáúÈóÇÚöËóÉõ Úóáóì ÔóíúÁò áóÇ íóáúÒóãõ Ãóäú Êóßõæäó ÚöáøóÉð ÛóÇÆöíøóÉð¡ ÝóåóÐóÇ ÇáúãóÚúäóì Ýöí ÇááøóÇãö ÚóßúÓõ ãóÚúäóì áóÇã ÇáúÚóÇÞöÈóÉ¡ æíÄæá ÇáúãóÚúäóì Åöáóì Ãóäøó ÅöäúÒóÇáó ÇáúßöÊóÇÈö Ýöíåö Íößóãñ ãöäúåóÇ ÍößúãóÉõ ÞóØúÚö ãóÚúÐöÑóÊöåöãú ÈöÃóäøóåõãú áóãú íóäúÒöáú Åöáóíúåöãú ßöÊóÇÈñ¡ Ãóæú ßóÑóÇåöíóÉõ Ãóäú íóÞõæáõæÇ Ðóáößó¡ Ãóæú áöÊóÌóäøõÈö Ãóäú íóÞõæáõæåõ¡ æóÐóáößó ÈöãóÚõæäóÉö ÇáúãóÞóÇãö ÅöíËóÇÑðÇ
áöáúÅöíÌóÇÒö ÝóáöÐóáößó íõÞóÏøóÑõ ãõÖóÇÝñ ãöËúáó: ßóÑóÇåöíóÉó Ãóæú ÊóÌóäøõÈó. æóÚóáóì åóÐóÇ ÇáÊøóÞúÏöíÑö ÌóÑóì äõÍóÇÉõ ÇáúÈóÕúÑóÉö.
æóÐóåóÈó äõÍóÇÉõ ÇáúßõæÝóÉö Åöáóì Ãóäøóåõ Úóáóì ÊóÞúÏöíÑö (áóÇ) ÇáäøóÇÝöíóÉö¡ ÝóÇáÊøóÞúÏöíÑõ ÚöäúÏóåõãú: Ãóäú áóÇ ÊóÞõæáõæÇ¡ æóÇáúãóÂáõ æóÇÍöÏñ æóäóÙóÇÆöÑõ åóÐóÇ Ýöí ÇáúÞõÑúÂäö ßóËöíÑóÉñ ßóÞóæúáöåö: íõÈóíøöäõ Çááøóåõ áóßõãú Ãóäú ÊóÖöáøõæÇ [ÇáäøöÓóÇÁ: 176]- æóÞóæúáöåö:
- æóÇÊøóÈöÚõæÇ ÃóÍúÓóäó ãóÇ ÃõäúÒöáó Åöáóíúßõãú ãöäú ÑóÈøößõãú ãöäú ÞóÈúáö Ãóäú íóÃúÊöíóßõãõ ÇáúÚóÐÇÈõ ÈóÛúÊóÉð æóÃóäúÊõãú áóÇ ÊóÔúÚõÑõæäó Ãóäú ÊóÞõæáó äóÝúÓñ íóÇ ÍóÓúÑóÊì Úóáì ãóÇ ÝóÑøóØúÊõ Ýöí ÌóäúÈö Çááøóåö [ÇáÒãÑ: 55¡ 56]-(8-Ã/179)
æóÞóæúáöåö:- æóÃóáúÞì Ýöí ÇáúÃóÑúÖö ÑóæÇÓöíó Ãóäú ÊóãöíÏó Èößõãú [ÇáäøóÍúá: 15] Ãóíú áöÊóÌóäøõÈö ãóíúÏöåóÇ Èößõãú¡ æóÞóæúáõ ÚóãúÑæ Èä ßËáæã:
ÝóÚóÌøóáúäóÇ ÇáúÞöÑóì Ãóäú ÊóÔúÊõãõæäóÇ æóåóÐóÇ ÇáúÞóæúáõ íóÌõæÒõ Ãóäú íóßõæäó ÞóÏú ÕóÏóÑó Úóäúåõãú ãöäú ÞóÈúáõ¡ ÝóÞóÏú ÌóÇÁó Ýöí ÂíóÉö ÓõæÑóÉö ÇáúÞóÕóÕö [48] : ÝóáóãøóÇ ÌÇÁóåõãõ ÇáúÍóÞøõ ãöäú ÚöäúÏöäÇ ÞÇáõæÇ áóæúáÇ ÃõæÊöíó ãöËúáó ãóÇ ÃõæÊöíó ãõæÓì¡ æóíóÌõæÒõ Ãóäú íóßõæäó ãõÊóæóÞøóÚðÇ Ëõãøó ÞóÇáõæåõ ãöäú ÈóÚúÏõ¡ æóÃóíøðÇ ãóÇ ßóÇäó ÝóÅöäøóåõ ãõÊóæóÞøóÚñ Ãóäú íõßóÑøöÑõæåõ æóíõÚöíÏõæåõ ÞóæúáðÇ ãõæóÇÝöÞðÇ áöáúÍóÇáö Ýöí äóÝúÓö ÇáúÃóãúÑö¡ ÝóßóÇäó ãÊæÞøÚÇ ÕÏæÑå ÚöäúÏ ãóÇ íóÊóæøóÌóåõ ÇáúãóáóÇãõ Úóáóíúåöãú Ýöí ÇäúÍöØóÇØöåöãú Úóäú ãõÌóÇæóÑöíåöãú ãöäó ÇáúíóåõæÏö æóÇáäøóÕóÇÑóì ãöäú ÍóíúËõ ÇÓúÊößúãóÇáö ÇáúÝóÖóÇÆöáö æóÍõÓúäö ÇáÓøóíúÑö æóßóãóÇáö ÇáÊøóÏóíøõäö¡ æóÚöäúÏó ÓõÄóÇáöåöãú Ýöí ÇáúÂÎöÑóÉö Úóäö ÇÊøÈÇÚ ÖáÇáåã¡ æóÚäÏ ãóÇ íõÔóÇåöÏõæäó ãóÇ íóäóÇáõåõ Ãóåúáõ Çáúãöáóáö ÇáÕøóÇáöÍóÉö ãöäó ÇáäøóÚöíãö æóÑóÝúÚö ÇáÏøóÑóÌóÇÊö Ýöí ËóæóÇÈö Çááøóåö ÝóíóÊóØóáøóÚõæäó Åöáóì ÍóÙøò ãöäú Ðóáößó æóíóÊóÚóáøóáõæäó ÈöÃóäøóåõãú ÍõÑöãõæÇ ÇáúÅöÑúÔóÇÏó Ýöí ÇáÏøõäúíóÇ.
æóÞóÏú ßóÇäó ÇáúíóåõæÏõ æóÇáäøóÕóÇÑóì Ýöí ÈöáóÇÏö ÇáúÚóÑóÈö Úóáóì ÍóÇáóÉò Ãóßúãóáó ãöäú ÃóÍúæóÇáö Ãóåúáö ÇáúÌóÇåöáöíøóÉö¡ ÃóáóÇ ÊóÑóì Åöáóì Þóæúáö ÇáäøóÇÈöÛóÉö íóãúÏóÍõ Âáó ÇáäøõÚúãóÇäö Èúäö ÇáúÍóÇÑöËö¡ æóßóÇäõæÇ äóÕóÇÑóì:
ãóÌóáøóÊõåõãú ÐóÇÊõ ÇáúÅöáóåö æóÏöíäõåõãú ... Þóæöíãñ ÝóãóÇ íóÑúÌõæäó ÛóíúÑó ÇáúÚóæóÇÞöÈö
æóáóÇ íóÍúÓöÈõæäó ÇáúÎóíúÑó áóÇ ÔóÑøó ÈóÚúÏóåõ ... æóáóÇ íóÍúÓöÈõæäó ÇáÔøóÑøó ÖóÑúÈóÉó áóÇÒöÈò
æóÇáØøóÇÆöÝóÉõ: ÇáúÌóãóÇÚóÉõ ãöäó ÇáäøóÇÓö ÇáúßóËöíÑóÉõ¡ æóÞóÏú ÊóÞóÏøóãó ÚöäúÏó Þóæúáöåö ÊóÚóÇáóì: ÝóáúÊóÞõãú ØÇÆöÝóÉñ ãöäúåõãú ãóÚóßó Ýöí ÓõæÑóÉö ÇáäøöÓóÇÁö [102] ¡ æóÇáúãõÑóÇÏõ ÈöÇáØøóÇÆöÝóÊóíúäö åõäóÇ ÇáúíóåõæÏõ æóÇáäøóÕóÇÑóì.
æóÇáúßöÊóÇÈõ ãõÑóÇÏñ Èöåö ÇáúÌöäúÓõ ÇáúãõäúÍóÕöÑõ Ýöí ÇáÊøóæúÑóÇÉö æóÇáúÅöäúÌöíáö æóÇáÒøóÈõæÑö. æóãóÚúäóì ÅöäúÒóÇáõ ÇáúßöÊóÇÈö Úóáóíúåöãú Ãóäøóåõãú ÎõæØöÈõæÇ ÈöÇáúßõÊõÈö ÇáÓøóãóÇæöíøóÉö ÇáøóÊöí ÃõäúÒöáóÊú Úóáóì(8-Ã/180)
ÃóäúÈöíóÇÆöåöãú Ýóáóãú íóßõäö ÇáúÚóÑóÈõ ãõÎóÇØóÈöíäó ÈöãóÇ ÃõäúÒöáó Úóáóì ÛóíúÑöåöãú¡ ÝóåóÐóÇ ÊóÚóáøõáñ Ãóæøóáõ ãöäúåõãú¡ æóËóãøóÉõ ÇÚúÊöáóÇáñ ÂÎóÑõ Úóäö ÇáÒøóåóÇÏóÉö Ýöí ÇáÊøóÎóáøõÞö ÈöÇáúÝóÖóÇÆöáö æóÇáúÃóÚúãóÇáö ÇáÕøóÇáöÍóÉö: æóåõæó Þóæúáõåõãú: æóÅöäú ßõäøóÇ Úóäú ÏöÑÇÓóÊöåöãú áóÛÇÝöáöíäó¡ Ãóíú
æóÃóäøóÇ ßõäøóÇ ÛóÇÝöáöíäó Úóäö ÇÊøöÈóÇÚö ÑõÔúÏöåöãú áöÃóäøóÇ áóãú äóÊóÚóáøóãú¡ ÝóÇáÏøöÑóÇÓóÉõ ãõÑóÇÏñ ÈöåóÇ ÇáÊøóÚúáöíãõ.
æóÇáÏøöÑóÇÓóÉõ: ÇáúÞöÑóÇÁóÉõ ÈöãõÚóÇæóÏóÉò áöáúÍöÝúÙö Ãóæú áöáÊøóÃóãøõáö¡ ÝóáóíúÓó ÓóÑúÏõ ÇáúßöÊóÇÈö ÈöÏöÑóÇÓóÉò. æóÞóÏú ÊóÞóÏøóãó Þóæúáõåõ ÊóÚóÇáóì: æóáöíóÞõæáõæÇ ÏóÑóÓúÊó Ýöí åóÐöåö ÇáÓøõæÑóÉö [105] ¡ æóÊóÞóÏøóãó ÊóÝúÕöíáõåõ ÚöäúÏó Þóæúáöåö ÊóÚóÇáóì:
æóÈöãÇ ßõäúÊõãú ÊóÏúÑõÓõæäó ãöäú ÓõæÑóÉö Âáö ÚöãúÑóÇäó [79] .
æóÇáúÛóÝúáóÉõ: ÇáÓøóåúæõ ÇáúÍóÇÕöáõ ãöäú ÚóÏóãö ÇáÊøóÝóØøõäö¡ Ãóíú áóãú äóåúÊóãøó ÈöãóÇ ÇÍúÊóæóÊú Úóáóíúåö ßõÊõÈõåõãú ÝóäóÞúÊóÏöí ÈöåóÏúíöåóÇ¡ ÝóßóÇäó ãóÌöíÁõ ÇáúÞõÑúÂäö ãõäóÈøöåðÇ áóåõãú áöáúåóÏúíö ÇáúßóÇãöáö æóãõÛúäöíðÇ Úóäú ÏöÑóÇÓóÉö ßõÊõÈöåöãú.
æóÞóæúáõåõ: Ãóæú ÊóÞõæáõæÇ áóæú ÃóäøóÇ ÃõäúÒöáó ÚóáóíúäóÇ ÇáúßöÊÇÈõ áóßõäøóÇ ÃóåúÏì ãöäúåõãú ÊóÏóÑøõÌñ Ýöí ÇáöÇÚúÊöáóÇáö ÌóÇÁó Úóáóì ãóÇ Êõßöäøóåõ äõÝõæÓõ ÇáúÚóÑóÈö ãöäú ÔõÝõæÝöåöãú ÈöÃóäúÝõÓöåöãú Úóáóì ÈóÞöíøóÉö ÇáúÃõãóãö¡ æóÊóØóáøõÚöåöãú Åöáóì ãóÚóÇáöí ÇáúÃõãõæÑö¡ æóÅöÏúáóÇáöåöãú ÈöÝöØúäóÊöåöãú æóÝóÕóÇÍóÉö ÃóáúÓöäóÊöåöãú æóÍöÏøóÉö ÃóÐúåóÇäöåöãú æóÓõÑúÚóÉö ÊóáóÞøöíåöãú¡ æóåõãú ÃóÎúáöÞóÇÁõ ÈöÐóáößó ßõáøöåö.
æóÝöí ÇáúÅöÚúÑóÇÈö Úóäú åóÐóÇ ÇáöÇÚúÊöáóÇáö ãöäúåõãú ÊóáúÞöíäñ áóåõãú¡ æóÅöíÞóÇÙñ áöÅöÝúåóÇãöåöãú Ãóäú íóÛúÊóÈöØõæÇ ÈöÇáúÞõÑúÂäö¡ æóíóÝúåóãõæÇ ãóÇ íóÚõæÏõ Úóáóíúåöãú Èöåö ãöäó ÇáúÝóÖúáö æóÇáÔøóÑóÝö Èóíúäó ÇáúÃõãóãö¡ ßóÞóæúáöåö ÊóÚóÇáóì: áóÞóÏú ÃóäúÒóáúäÇ Åöáóíúßõãú ßöÊÇÈÇð Ýöíåö ÐößúÑõßõãú ÃóÝóáÇ ÊóÚúÞöáõæäó [ÇáúÃóäúÈöíóÇÁ: 10] . æóÞóÏú ßóÇäó ÇáøóÐöíäó ÇÊøóÈóÚõæÇ ÇáúÞõÑúÂäó ÃóåúÏóì ãöäó ÇáúíóåõæÏö æóÇáäøóÕóÇÑóì ÈöÈóæúäò ÈóÚöíÏö ÇáÏøóÑóÌóÇÊö.
æóáóÞóÏú ÊóåóíøóÃó ÇáúãóÞóÇãõ ÈóÚúÏó åóÐóÇ ÇáÊøóäúÈöíåö ÇáúÚóÌöíÈö áöÝóÇÁö ÇáúÝóÕöíÍóÉö Ýöí Þóæúáöåö: ÝóÞóÏú ÌÇÁóßõãú ÈóíøöäóÉñ ãöäú ÑóÈøößõãú æóÊóÞúÏöíÑõåóÇ: ÝóÅöÐóÇ ßõäúÊõãú ÊóÞõæáõæäó Ðóáößó æóíóåúÌöÓõ Ýöí äõÝõæÓößõãú ÝóÞóÏú ÌóÇÁóßõãú ÈóíóÇäñ ãöäú ÑóÈøößõãú íóÚúäöí ÇáúÞõÑúÂäó¡ íóÏúÝóÚõ Úóäúßõãú ãóÇ ÊóÓúÊóÔúÚöÑõæäó ãöäó ÇáöÇäúÍöØóÇØö Úóäú Ãóåúáö ÇáúßöÊóÇÈö.(8-Ã/181)
æóÇáúÈóíøöäóÉõ ãóÇ Èöåö ÇáúÈóíóÇäõ æóÙõåõæÑõ ÇáúÍóÞøö. ÝóÇáúÞõÑúÂäõ ÈóíøöäóÉñ Úóáóì Ãóäøóåõ ãöäú ÚöäúÏö Çááøóåö áöÅöÚúÌóÇÒöåö ÈõáóÛóÇÁó ÇáúÚóÑóÈö¡ æóåõæó åóÏúíñ ÈöãóÇ ÇÔúÊóãóáó Úóáóíúåö ãöäö ÇáúÅöÑúÔóÇÏ Åöáóì ØÑÞ ÇáúÎóíúÑö¡ æóåõæó ÑóÍúãóÉñ ÈöãóÇ ÌóÇÁó Èöåö ãöäú ÔóÑöíÚóÉò ÓóãúÍóÉò áóÇ ÍóÑóÌó ÝöíåóÇ¡ Ýóåöíó ãõÞöíãóÉñ áöÕóáóÇÍö ÇáúÃõãøóÉö ãóÚó ÇáÊøóíúÓöíÑö. æóåóÐóÇ ãöäú ÃóÚúÌóÈö ÇáÊøóÔúÑöíÚö æóåõæó ÃóÏóáøõ Úóáóì Ãóäøóåõ ãöäú ÃóãúÑö ÇáúÚóáöíãö Èößõáøö ÔóíúÁò.
æóÊóÝóÑøóÚó Úóäú åóÐóÇ ÇáúÅöÚúÐóÇÑö áóåõãõ ÇáúÅöÎúÈóÇÑõ Úóäúåõãú ÈöÃóäøóåõãú áóÇ ÃóÙúáóãó ãöäúåõãú¡ áöÃóäøóåõãú ßóÐøóÈõæÇ æóÃóÚúÑóÖõæÇ. ÝóÇáúÝóÇÁõ Ýöí Þóæúáöåö: Ýóãóäú ÃóÙúáóãõ áöáÊøóÝúÑöíÚö. æóÇáöÇÓúÊöÝúåóÇãõ ÅöäúßóÇÑöíøñ¡ Ãóíú áóÇ ÃóÍóÏó ÃóÙúáóãõ ãöäó ÇáøóÐöíäó ßóÐøóÈõæÇ ÈöÂíóÇÊö Çááøóåö.
æó (ãöäú) Ýöí ãöãøóäú ßóÐøóÈó ÈöÂíÇÊö Çááøóåö ãóæúÕõæáóÉñ æóãóÇ ÕöÏúÞõåóÇ ÇáúãõÎóÇØóÈõæäó ãöäú Þóæúáöåö: Ãóäú ÊóÞõæáõæÇ ÅöäøóãÇ ÃõäúÒöáó ÇáúßöÊÇÈõ Úóáì ØÇÆöÝóÊóíúäö.
æóÇáÙøõáúãõ åõäóÇ íóÔúãóáõ Ùõáúãó äõÝõæÓöåöãú¡ ÅöÐú ÒóÌøõæÇ ÈöåóÇ Åöáóì ÇáúÚóÐóÇÈö Ýöí ÇáúÂÎöÑóÉö æóÎõÓúÑóÇäö ÇáÏøõäúíóÇ¡ æÙáã ÇáÑøÓæá Õóáøóì Çááåõ Úóáóíúåö æóÓóáøóãó ÅöÐú ßóÐøóÈõæåõ¡ æóãóÇ åõæó ÈöÃóåúáö ÇáÊøóßúÐöíÈö¡ æóÙõáúãó Çááøóåö ÅöÐú ßóÐøóÈõæÇ ÈöÂíóÇÊöåö æóÃóäúßóÑõæÇ äöÚúãóÊóåõ¡ æóÙóáóãõæÇ ÇáäøóÇÓó ÈöÕóÏøöåöãú Úóäö ÇáúÅöÓúáóÇãö ÈöÇáúÞóæúáö æóÇáúÝöÚúáö.
æóÞóÏú ÌöíÁó ÈöÇÓúãö ÇáúãóæúÕõæáö áöÊóÏõáøó ÇáÕøöáóÉõ Úóáóì ÊóÚúáöíáö ÇáúÍõßúãö æóæóÌúåö ÈöäóÇÁö ÇáúÎóÈóÑö¡ áöÃóäøó ãóäú ËóÈóÊó áóåõ ãóÖúãõæäõ Êöáúßó ÇáÕøöáóÉö ßóÇäó ÍóÞöíÞðÇ ÈöÃóäøóåõ áóÇ ÃóÙúáóãó ãöäúåõ.
æóãóÚúäóì ÕóÏóÝó ÃóÚúÑóÖó åõæó¡ æóíõØúáóÞõ ÈöãóÚúäóì ÕóÑóÝó ÛóíúÑóåõ ßóãóÇ Ýöí «ÇáúÞóÇãõæÓö» . æóÃóÕúáõåõ ÇáÊøóÚúÏöíóÉõ Åöáóì ãóÝúÚõæáò ÈöäóÝúÓöåö æóÅöáóì ÇáËøóÇäöí Èö Úóäú íõÞóÇáõ: ÕóÏóÝúÊõ ÝõáóÇäðÇ Úóäú ßóÐóÇ¡ ßóãóÇ íõÞóÇáõ:
ÕóÑóÝúÊõåõ¡ æóÞóÏú ÔóÇÚó ÊóäúÒöíáõåõ ãóäúÒöáóÉó ÇááøóÇÒöãö ÍóÊøóì ÛóáóÈó ÚóÏóãõ ÙõåõæÑö ÇáúãóÝúÚõæáö Èöåö¡ íõÞóÇáõ: ÕóÏóÝó Úóäú ßóÐóÇ ÈöãóÚúäóì ÃóÚóÑóÖó æóÞóÏú ÊóÞóÏøóãó ÚöäúÏó Þóæúáöåö ÊóÚóÇáóì: ÇäúÙõÑú ßóíúÝó äõÕóÑøöÝõ ÇáúÂíÇÊö Ëõãøó åõãú íóÕúÏöÝõæäó Ýöí åóÐöåö ÇáÓøõæÑóÉö [46] ¡ æóÞóÏøóÑóåõ Ýöí «ÇáúßóÔøóÇÝö» åõäóÇ ãõÊóÚóÏøöíðÇ áöÃóäøóåõ ÃóäúÓóÈõ Èößóæúäöåöãö ÃóÙúáóãó ÇáäøóÇÓö ÊóßúËöíÑðÇ Ýöí æõÌõæåö ÇÚúÊöÏóÇÆöåöãú¡ æóáóãú ÃóÑó Ðóáößó áöÛóíúÑöåö äóÙóÑðÇ(8-Ã/182)
åóáú íóäúÙõÑõæäó ÅöáøóÇ Ãóäú ÊóÃúÊöíóåõãõ ÇáúãóáóÇÆößóÉõ Ãóæú íóÃúÊöíó ÑóÈøõßó Ãóæú íóÃúÊöíó ÈóÚúÖõ ÂíóÇÊö ÑóÈøößó íóæúãó íóÃúÊöí ÈóÚúÖõ ÂíóÇÊö ÑóÈøößó áóÇ íóäúÝóÚõ äóÝúÓðÇ ÅöíãóÇäõåóÇ áóãú Êóßõäú ÂãóäóÊú ãöäú ÞóÈúáõ Ãóæú ßóÓóÈóÊú Ýöí ÅöíãóÇäöåóÇ ÎóíúÑðÇ Þõáö ÇäúÊóÙöÑõæÇ ÅöäøóÇ ãõäúÊóÙöÑõæäó (158)
áöÞóæúáöåö ÊóÚóÇáóì: ÓóäóÌúÒöí ÇáøóÐöíäó íóÕúÏöÝõæäó Úóäú ÂíÇÊöäÇ ÓõæÁó ÇáúÚóÐÇÈö ÅöÐú íõäóÇÓöÈõåõ ãóÚúäóì ÇáúãõÊóÚóÏøöí áöÃóäøó ÇáúÌóÒóÇÁó Úóáóì ÅöÚúÑóÇÖöåöãú æóÚóáóì ÕóÏøöåöãõ ÇáäøóÇÓó Úóäö ÇáúÂíóÇÊö¡ ÝóÅöäøó ÊóßúÐöíÈóåõãú ÈöÇáúÂíóÇÊö íóÊóÖóãøóäõ ÅöÚúÑóÇÖóåõãú ÚóäúåóÇ ÝóäóÇÓóÈó Ãóäú íóßõæäó ÕóÏúÝõåõãú åõæó ÕóÑúÝõåõãõ ÇáäøóÇÓó.
æÓõæÁó ÇáúÚóÐÇÈö ãöäú ÅöÖóÇÝóÉö ÇáÕøöÝóÉö Åöáóì ÇáúãóæúÕõæÝö¡ æóÓõæÁõåõ ÃóÔóÏøõåõ æóÃóÞúæóÇåõ¡ æóÞóÏú Èóíøóäó Ðóáößó Þóæúáõåõ ÊóÚóÇáóì: ÇáøóÐöíäó ßóÝóÑõæÇ æóÕóÏøõæÇ Úóäú ÓóÈöíáö Çááøóåö ÒöÏúäÇåõãú ÚóÐÇÈÇð ÝóæúÞó ÇáúÚóÐÇÈö ÈöãÇ ßÇäõæÇ íõÝúÓöÏõæäó [ÇáäøóÍúá: 88] . ÝóÞóæúáõåõ: ÚóÐÇÈÇð ÝóæúÞó ÇáúÚóÐÇÈö åõæó ãõÖóÇÚóÝóÉõ ÇáúÚóÐóÇÈö¡ Ãóíú ÔöÏøóÊõåõ.
æóíõÍúÊóãóáõ Ãóäøóåõ ÃõÑöíÏó Èöåö ÚóÐóÇÈõ ÇáÏøõäúíóÇ ÈöÇáúÞóÊúáö æóÇáÐøõáøö¡ æóÚóÐóÇÈõ ÇáúÂÎöÑóÉö¡ æóÅöäøóãóÇ ßóÇäó Ðóáößó ÌóÒóÇÁóåõãú áöÃóäøóåõãú áóãú íõßóÐøöÈõæÇ ÊóßúÐöíÈðÇ Úóäú ÏóÚúæóÉò ãõÌóÑøóÏóÉò¡ Èóáú ßóÐøóÈõæÇ ÈóÚúÏó Ãóäú ÌóÇÁóÊúåõãõ ÇáúÂíóÇÊ ÇáÈíøäÇÊ.
æ (ãóÇ) ãóÕúÏóÑöíøóÉñ: Ãóíú ÈöÕóÏúÝöåöãú æóÅöÚúÑóÇÖöåöãú Úóäö ÇáúÂíóÇÊö ÅöÚúÑóÇÖðÇ ãõÓúÊóãöÑøðÇ áóãú íÏÚæÇ ÑÇÛÈå ÝóßóÇäó åõäóÇ ãõÝöíÏóÉñ áöáöÇÓúÊöãúÑóÇÑö ãöËúáõ: æóßÇäó Çááøóåõ ÛóÝõæÑÇð ÑóÍöíãÇð [ÇáäøöÓóÇÁ: 96] .
[158]
[ÓõæÑóÉ ÇáúÃóäúÚóÇã (6) : ÂíóÉ 158]
åóáú íóäúÙõÑõæäó ÅöáÇøó Ãóäú ÊóÃúÊöíóåõãõ ÇáúãóáÇÆößóÉõ Ãóæú íóÃúÊöíó ÑóÈøõßó Ãóæú íóÃúÊöíó ÈóÚúÖõ ÂíÇÊö ÑóÈøößó íóæúãó íóÃúÊöí ÈóÚúÖõ ÂíÇÊö ÑóÈøößó áóÇ íóäúÝóÚõ äóÝúÓÇð ÅöíãÇäõåÇ áóãú Êóßõäú ÂãóäóÊú ãöäú ÞóÈúáõ Ãóæú ßóÓóÈóÊú Ýöí ÅöíãÇäöåÇ ÎóíúÑÇð Þõáö ÇäúÊóÙöÑõæÇ ÅöäøóÇ ãõäúÊóÙöÑõæäó (158)
ÇÓúÊöÆúäóÇÝñ ÈíÇäí äóÔà Ýöí Þóæúáöåö: Ýóãóäú ÃóÙúáóãõ ãöãøóäú ßóÐøóÈó ÈöÂíÇÊö Çááøóåö [ÇáúÃóäúÚóÇã: 157] ÇáúÂíóÉó¡ æóåõæó íóÍúÊóãöáõ ÇáúæóÚöíÏó æóíóÍúÊóãöáõ ÇáÊøóåóßøõãó¡ ßóãóÇ ÓóíóÃúÊöí. ÝóÅöäú ßóÇäó åóÐóÇ æóÚöíÏðÇ æÊåÏíÏÇ Ýóåõæó äÇÔìÁ
Úóäú ÌõãúáóÉö: ÓóäóÌúÒöí ÇáøóÐöíäó íóÕúÏöÝõæäó Úóäú ÂíÇÊöäÇ [ÇáúÃóäúÚóÇã: 157] áöÅöËóÇÑóÊöåö ÓõÄóÇáó ÓóÇÆöáò íóÞõæáõ:
ãóÊóì íóßõæäõ ÌóÒóÇÄõåõãú¡ æóÅöäú ßóÇäó ÊóåóßøõãðÇ Èöåöãú Úóáóì ÕóÏúÝöåöãú Úóäö ÇáúÂíóÇÊö ÇáøóÊöí ÌóÇÁóÊúåõãú¡ æóÊóØóáøõÚöåöãú Åöáóì ÂíóÇÊò ÃóÚúÙóãó ãöäúåóÇ Ýöí ÇÚúÊöÞóÇÏåã¡ Ýóåõæó äÇÔìÁ Úóäú ÌõãúáóÉö:(8-Ã/183)
Ýóãóäú ÃóÙúáóãõ ãöãøóäú ßóÐøóÈó ÈöÂíÇÊö Çááøóåö æóÕóÏóÝó ÚóäúåÇ [ÇáúÃóäúÚóÇã: 157] áöÃóäøóåõ íõËöíÑõ ÓõÄóÇáó ÓóÇÆöáò íóÞõæáõ: ãóÇÐóÇ ßóÇäõæÇ íóÊóÑóÞøóÈõæäó ãöäó ÇáúÂíóÇÊö ÝóæúÞó ÇáúÂíóÇÊö ÇáøóÊöí ÌóÇÁóÊúåõãú.
æåóáú áöáöÇÓúÊöÝúåóÇãö ÇáúÅöäúßóÇÑöíøö¡ æóåöíó ÊóÑöÏõ áóåõ ßóãóÇ ÊóÑöÏõ áóåõ ÇáúåóãúÒóÉõ Úóáóì ÇáÊøóÍúÞöíÞö¡ æóáöÐóáößó ÌóÇÁó ÈÚÏå ÇáöÇÓúÊöËúäóÇÁ.
æíóäúÙõÑõæäó ãõÖóÇÑöÚõ äóÙóÑó ÈöãóÚúäóì ÇäúÊóÙóÑó¡ æóåõæó ãõÔúÊóÑößñ ãóÚó äóÙóÑó ÈöãóÚúäóì ÑóÃóì Ýöí ÇáúãóÇÖöí æóÇáúãõÖóÇÑöÚö æóÇáúãóÕúÏóÑö¡ æóíõÎóÇáöÝåõ Ýöí ÇáÊøÚÏíÉ¡ ÝóÝÚá äÙÑ ÇáúÚíä ãÊÚÏø ÈÅáì¡ æóÝÚá ÇáöÇäúÊöÙóÇÑ ãÊÚÏø ÈöäóÝÓöåö¡ æóíõÎóÇáöÝõåõ ÃóíúÖðÇ Ýöí Ãóäøó áóåõ ÇÓúãó ãóÕúÏóÑò æóåõæó ÇáäøóÙöÑóÉõ- ÈößóÓúÑö ÇáÙøóÇÁö- æóáóÇ íõÞóÇáõ Ðóáößó Ýöí ÇáäøóÙóÑö ÈöÇáúÚóíúäö. æóÇáÖøóãöíÑõ ÚóÇÆöÏñ áöáøóÐöíäó íóÕúÏöÝõæäó Úóäö ÇáúÂíóÇÊö.
Ëõãøó Åöäú ßóÇäó ÇáöÇäúÊöÙóÇÑõ æóÇÞöÚðÇ ãöäúåõãú Úóáóì Ãóäøóåõ ÇäúÊöÙóÇÑõ ÂíóÇÊò¡ ßóãóÇ íóÞúÊóÑöÍõæäó¡ ÝóãóÚúäóì ÇáúÍóÕúÑö:
Ãóäøóåõãú ãóÇ íóäúÊóÙöÑõæäó ÈóÚúÏó ÇáúÂíóÇÊö ÇáøóÊöí ÌóÇÁóÊúåõãú æóáóãú íóÞúÊóäöÚõæÇ ÈöåóÇ ÅöáøóÇ ÇáúÂíóÇÊö ÇáøóÊöí ÇÞúÊóÑóÍõæåóÇ æóÓóÃóáõæåóÇ æóÔóÑóØõæÇ Ãóäú áóÇ íõÄúãöäõæÇ ÍóÊøóì íõÌóÇÁõæÇ ÈöåóÇ¡ æóåöíó ãóÇ ÍóßóÇåõ Çááøóåõ Úóäúåõãú ÈöÞóæúáöåö: æóÞÇáõæÇ áóäú äõÄúãöäó áóßó ÍóÊøóì ÊóÝúÌõÑó áóäÇ ãöäó ÇáúÃóÑúÖö íóäúÈõæÚÇð- Åöáóì Þóæúáöåö- Ãóæú ÊóÃúÊöíó ÈöÇááøóåö æóÇáúãóáÇÆößóÉö ÞóÈöíáðÇ [ÇáúÅöÓúÑóÇÁ: 90- 92]- æóÞóæúáöåö- æóÞÇáõæÇ áóæúáÇ ÃõäúÒöáó Úóáóíúåö ãóáóßñ [ÇáúÃóäúÚóÇã: 8] Ýóåõãú íóäúÊóÙöÑõæäó ÈóÚúÖó Ðóáößó ÈöÌöÏøò ãöäú ÚóÇãøóÊöåöãú¡ ÝóÇáöÇäúÊöÙóÇÑõ ÍóÞöíÞóÉñ¡ æóÈöÓõÎúÑöíóÉò ãöäú ÞóÇÏóÊöåöãú æóãõÖóáøöáöíåöãú¡ ÝóÇáöÇäúÊöÙóÇÑõ ãóÌóÇÒñ ÈöÇáÕøõæÑóÉö¡ áöÃóäøóåõãú ÃóÙúåóÑõæÇ ÃóäúÝõÓóåõãú Ýöí ãóÙúåóÑö ÇáúãõäúÊóÙöÑöíäó¡ ßóÞóæúáöåö ÊóÚóÇáóì: íóÍúÐóÑõ ÇáúãõäÇÝöÞõæäó Ãóäú ÊõäóÒøóáó Úóáóíúåöãú ÓõæÑóÉñ ÊõäóÈøöÆõåõãú ÈöãÇ Ýöí ÞõáõæÈöåöãú Þõáö ÇÓúÊóåúÒöÄõÇ [ÇáÊøóæúÈóÉ: 64] ÇáúÂíóÉó.
æóÇáúãõÑóÇÏõ ÈöÈóÚúÖö ÂíóÇÊö ÑóÈøößó: ãóÇ íóÔúãóáõ ãóÇ Íõßöíó Úóäúåõãú ÈöÞóæúáöåö: ÍóÊøóì ÊóÝúÌõÑó áóäÇ ãöäó ÇáúÃóÑúÖö íóäúÈõæÚÇð- Åöáóì Þóæúáöåö- ÍóÊøóì ÊõäóÒøöáó ÚóáóíúäÇ ßöÊÇÈÇð äóÞúÑóÄõåõ [ÇáúÅöÓúÑóÇÁ: 90- 93] . æóÝöí Þóæúáöåö: æóÞÇáõæÇ áóæúáÇ ÃõäúÒöáó Úóáóíúåö ãóáóßñ- Åöáóì Þóæúáöåö- ÝóÍÇÞó ÈöÇáøóÐöíäó ÓóÎöÑõæÇ ãöäúåõãú ãóÇ ßÇäõæÇ Èöåö íóÓúÊóåúÒöÄõäó [ÇáúÃóäúÚóÇã: 8- 10] ÝóÇáúßóáóÇãõ Êóåóßøõãñ Èöåöãú æóÈöÚóÞóÇÆöÏöåöãú.(8-Ã/184)
æóÅöäú ßóÇäó ÇáöÇäúÊöÙóÇÑõ ÛóíúÑó æóÇÞöÚò ÈöÌöÏøò æóáóÇ ÈöÓõÎúÑöíóÉò ÝóãóÚúäóÇåõ Ãóäøóåõãú ãóÇ íóÊóÑóÞøóÈõæäó ÔóíúÆðÇ ãöäó ÇáúÂíóÇÊö íóÃúÊöíåöãú ÃóÚúÙóãó ãöãøóÇ ÃóÊóÇåõãú¡ ÝóáóÇ ÇäúÊöÙóÇÑó áóåõãú¡ æóáóßöäøóåõãú ÕóãøóãõæÇ Úóáóì ÇáúßõÝúÑö æóÇÓúÊóÈúØóäõæÇ ÇáúÚöäóÇÏó¡ ÝóÅöäú ÝõÑöÖó áóåõãõ ÇäúÊöÙóÇÑñ ÝóÅöäøóãóÇ åõæó ÇäúÊöÙóÇÑõ ãóÇ ÓóíóÍõáøõ Èöåöãú ãöäú ÚóÐóÇÈö ÇáúÂÎöÑóÉö Ãóæú ÚóÐóÇÈö ÇáÏøõäúíóÇ Ãóæú ãóÇ åõæó ÈóÑúÒóÎñ ÈóíäåãóÇ¡ Ýóíßæä ÇáÇÓÊäËÇÁ ÊóÃúßöíÏðÇ áöáÔøóíúÁö ÈöãóÇ íõÔúÈöåõ ÖöÏøóåõ. æóÇáúãõÑóÇÏõ: Ãóäøóåõãú áóÇ íóäúÊóÙöÑõæäó
ÔóíúÆðÇ æóáóßöäú ÓóíóÌöíÆõåõãú ãóÇ áóÇ íóäúÊóÙöÑõæäóåõ¡ æóåõæó ÅöÊúíóÇäõ ÇáúãóáóÇÆößóÉö¡ Åöáóì ÂÎöÑöåö¡ ÝóÇáúßóáóÇãõ æóÚöíÏñ æóÊóåúÏöíÏñ.
æóÇáúÞóÕúÑõ Úóáóì ÇáöÇÍúÊöãóÇáóíúäö ÅöÖóÇÝöíøñ¡ Ãóíú ÈöÇáäøöÓúÈóÉö áöãóÇ íõäúÊóÙóÑõ ãöäó ÇáúÂíóÇÊö¡ æóÇáöÇÓúÊöÝúåóÇãõ ÇáúÎóÈóÑöíøõ ãõÓúÊóÚúãóáñ Ýöí ÇáÊøóåóßøõãö Èöåöãú Úóáóì ÇáöÇÍúÊöãóÇáóíúäö¡ áöÃóäøóåõãú áóÇ íóäúÊóÙöÑõæäó ÂíóÉð¡ ÝóÅöäøóåõãú ÌóÇÒöãõæäó ÈÊßÐíÈ ÇáÑøÓæá Õóáøóì Çááåõ Úóáóíúåö æóÓóáøóãó æóáóßöäøóåõãú íóÓúÃóáõæäó ÇáúÂíóÇÊö ÅöÝúÍóÇãðÇ Ýöí Ùóäøöåöãú. æóáóÇ íóäúÊóÙöÑõæäó ÍöÓóÇÈðÇ áöÃóäøóåõãú ãõßóÐøöÈõæäó ÈöÇáúÈóÚúËö æóÇáúÍóÔúÑö.
æóÇáúÅöÊúíóÇäõ ÈöÇáäøöÓúÈóÉö Åöáóì ÇáúãóáóÇÆößóÉö ÍóÞöíÞóÉñ¡ æóÇáúãõÑóÇÏõ Èöåöãú: ãóáóÇÆößóÉõ ÇáúÚóÐóÇÈö¡ ãöËúáó ÇáøóÐöíäó äóÒóáõæÇ íóæúãó ÈóÏúÑò ÅöÐú íõæÍöí ÑóÈøõßó Åöáóì ÇáúãóáÇÆößóÉö Ãóäøöí ãóÚóßõãú ÝóËóÈøöÊõæÇ ÇáøóÐöíäó ÂãóäõæÇ ÓóÃõáúÞöí Ýöí ÞõáõæÈö ÇáøóÐöíäó ßóÝóÑõæÇ ÇáÑøõÚúÈó ÝóÇÖúÑöÈõæÇ ÝóæúÞó ÇáúÃóÚúäÇÞö æóÇÖúÑöÈõæÇ ãöäúåõãú ßõáøó ÈóäÇäò [ÇáúÃóäúÝóÇá: 12] . æóÃóãøóÇ ÇáúãõÓúäóÏõ Åöáóì ÇáÑøóÈøö Ýóåõæó ãóÌóÇÒñ¡ æóÇáúãõÑóÇÏõ Èöåö: ÅöÊúíóÇäõ ÚóÐóÇÈöåö ÇáúÚóÙöíã¡ Ýóåõæó áÚÙã åóæúáöåö ÌóÚóáó ÅöÊúíóÇäóåõ ãõÓúäóÏðÇ Åöáóì ÇáúÂãöÑö Èöåö ÃóãúÑðÇ ÌóÇÒöãðÇ áöíõÚúÑóÝó ãöÞúÏóÇÑõ ÚóÙóãóÊöåö¡ ÈöÍóÓóÈö ÚóÙöíãö ÞõÏúÑóÉö ÝóÇÚöáöåö æóÂãöÑöåö¡ ÝóÇáúÅöÓúäóÇÏõ ãóÌóÇÒöíøñ ãöäú ÈóÇÈö: Èóäóì ÇáúÃóãöíÑõ ÇáúãóÏöíäóÉó¡ æóåóÐóÇ ãóÌóÇÒñ æóÇÑöÏñ ãöËúáõåõ Ýöí ÇáúÞõÑúÂäö¡ ßóÞóæúáöåö ÊóÚóÇáóì:
ÝóÃóÊÇåõãõ Çááøóåõ ãöäú ÍóíúËõ áóãú íóÍúÊóÓöÈõæÇ [ÇáúÍóÔúÑ: 2] æóÞóæúáöåö: æóæóÌóÏó Çááøóåó ÚöäúÏóåõ ÝóæóÝøóÇåõ ÍöÓÇÈóåõ [ÇáäøõæÑ: 39] . æóíóÌõæÒõ Ãóäú íóßõæäó ÇáúãõÑóÇÏõ ÈöÞóæúáöåö: Ãóæú íóÃúÊöíó ÑóÈøõßó ÅöÊúíóÇäõ ÃóãúÑöåö ÈöÍöÓóÇÈö ÇáäøóÇÓö íóæúãó ÇáúÞöíóÇãóÉö¡ ßóÞóæúáöåö: æóÌÇÁó ÑóÈøõßó æóÇáúãóáóßõ ÕóÝøðÇ ÕóÝøðÇ [ÇáúÝÌúÑ: 22] ¡ Ãóíú áóÇ íóäúÊóÙöÑõæäó ÅöáøóÇ ÚóÐóÇÈó ÇáÏøõäúíóÇ Ãóæú ÚóÐóÇÈó ÇáúÂÎöÑóÉö.(8-Ã/185)
æóÚóáóì ÇáöÇÍúÊöãóÇáóÇÊö ßõáøöåóÇ íóÌõæÒõ Ãóäú íóßõæäó æõÞõæÚõ Ðóáößó íóæúãó ÇáúÞöíóÇãóÉö¡ æóíóÌõæÒõ Ãóäú íóßõæäó Ýöí ÇáÏøõäúíóÇ.
æóÌõãúáóÉõ: íóæúãó íóÃúÊöí ÈóÚúÖõ ÂíÇÊö ÑóÈøößó áóÇ íóäúÝóÚõ äóÝúÓÇð ÅöíãÇäõåÇ ãõÓúÊóÃúäóÝóÉñ ÇÓúÊöÆúäóÇÝðÇ ÈóíóÇäöíøðÇ ÊóÐúßöíÑðÇ áóåõãú ÈöÃóäøó ÇáöÇäúÊöÙóÇÑó æóÇáÊøóÑóíøõËó Úóäö ÇáúÅöíãóÇäö æóÎöíãõ ÇáúÚóÇÞöÈóÉö¡ áöÃóäøóåõ ãõåóÏøóÏñ ÈöãóÇ íóãúäóÚõ ãöäó ÇáÊøóÏóÇÑõßö ÚöäúÏó ÇáäøóÏóÇãóÉö¡ ÝóÅöãøóÇ Ãóäú íóÚúÞõÈóåõ ÇáúãóæúÊõ æóÇáúÍöÓóÇÈõ¡ æóÅöãøóÇ Ãóäú íóÚúÞõÈóåõ ãóÌöíÁõ ÂíóÉò ãöäú ÂíóÇÊö Çááøóåö¡ æóåöíó ÂíóÉõ ÚóÐóÇÈò ÎóÇÑöÞò áöáúÚóÇÏóÉö íóÎúÊóÕøõ Èöåöãú ÝóíóÚúáóãõæÇ Ãóäøóåõ ÚõÞõæÈóÉñ Úóáóì ÊóßúÐöíÈöåöãú æóÕóÏúÝöåöãú¡ æóÍöíäó íóäúÒöáõ Ðóáößó ÇáúÚóÐóÇÈõ áóÇ ÊóÈúÞóì ÝõÓúÍóÉñ áöÊóÏóÇÑõßö ãóÇ ÝóÇÊó áöÃóäøó Çááøóåó ÅöÐóÇ ÃóäúÒóáó ÚóÐóÇÈóåõ Úóáóì ÇáúãõßóÐøöÈöíäó áóãú íóäúÝóÚú ÚöäúÏóåõ ÊóæúÈóÉñ¡ ßóãóÇ ÞóÇáó ÊóÚóÇáóì: ÝóáóæúáÇ ßÇäóÊú ÞóÑúíóÉñ ÂãóäóÊú ÝóäóÝóÚóåÇ ÅöíãÇäõåÇ ÅöáøóÇ Þóæúãó íõæäõÓó áóãøóÇ ÂãóäõæÇ ßóÔóÝúäÇ Úóäúåõãú ÚóÐÇÈó ÇáúÎöÒúíö Ýöí ÇáúÍóíÇÉö ÇáÏøõäúíÇ æóãóÊøóÚúäÇåõãú Åöáì Íöíäò [íõæäõÓ: 98] æóÞóÇáó ÊóÚóÇáóì:
ãóÇ äõäóÒøöáõ ÇáúãóáÇÆößóÉó ÅöáøóÇ ÈöÇáúÍóÞøö æóãÇ ßÇäõæÇ ÅöÐÇð ãõäúÙóÑöíäó [ÇáúÍÌÑ: 8]- æóÞóÇáó- æóáóæú ÃóäúÒóáúäÇ ãóáóßÇð áóÞõÖöíó ÇáúÃóãúÑõ Ëõãøó áóÇ íõäúÙóÑõæäó [ÇáúÃóäúÚóÇã: 8] .
æóãöäú ÌõãúáóÉö ÂíóÇÊö Çááøóåö ÇáúÂíóÇÊõ ÇáøóÊöí ÌóÚóáóåóÇ Çááøóåõ ÚóÇãøóÉð áöáäøóÇÓö¡ æóåöíó ÃóÔúÑóÇØõ ÇáÓøóÇÚóÉö:
æóÇáøóÊöí ãöäúåóÇ ØõáõæÚõ ÇáÔøóãúÓö ãöäú ãóÛúÑöÈöåóÇ Íöíäó ÊõÄúÐöäõ ÈöÇäúÞöÑóÇÖö äöÙóÇãö ÇáúÚóÇáóãö ÇáÏøõäúíóæöíøö.
Ñóæóì ÇáúÈõÎóÇÑöíøõ¡ æóãõÓúáöãñ¡ Úóäú ÃóÈöí åõÑóíúÑóÉó¡ ÞóÇáó: ÞóÇáó ÑóÓõæá Çááå Õóáøóì Çááåõ Úóáóíúåö æóÓóáøóãó: «áóÇ ÊóÞõæãõ ÇáÓøóÇÚóÉõ ÍóÊøóì ÊóØúáõÚó ÇáÔøóãúÓõ ãöäú ãóÛúÑöÈöåóÇ ÝóÅöÐóÇ ØóáóÚóÊú æóÑóÂåóÇ ÇáäøóÇÓõ ÂãóäõæÇ ÃóÌúãóÚõæäó æóÐóáößó Íöíäó áóÇ íóäúÝóÚõ äóÝúÓðÇ ÅöíãóÇäõåóÇ áóãú Êóßõäú ÂãóäóÊú ãöäú ÞóÈúáõ» Ëõãøó ÞóÑóÃó åóÐöåö ÇáúÂíóÉó
. æóÇáäøóÝúÚõ ÇáúãóäúÝöíøõ åõæó ÇáäøóÝúÚõ Ýöí ÇáúÂÎöÑóÉö¡ ÈöÇáäøóÌóÇÉö ãöäó ÇáúÚóÐóÇÈö¡ áöÃóäøó äóÝúÚó ÇáÏøõäúíóÇ ÈößóÔúÝö ÇáúÚóÐóÇÈö ÚöäúÏó ãóÌöíÁö ÇáúÂíóÇÊö áóÇ íóäúÝóÚõ ÇáäøõÝõæÓó ÇáúãõÄúãöäóÉó æóáóÇ ÇáúßóÇÝöÑóÉó¡ áöÞóæúáöåö ÊóÚóÇáóì: æóÇÊøóÞõæÇ ÝöÊúäóÉð áóÇ ÊõÕöíÈóäøó ÇáøóÐöíäó ÙóáóãõæÇ ãöäúßõãú ÎóÇÕøóÉð [ÇáúÃóäúÝóÇá: 25]
æóÞóæúáö ÑóÓõæá Çááå Õóáøóì Çááåõ Úóáóíúåö æóÓóáøóãó: «Ëõãøó íõÍúÔóÑõæäó Úóáóì äöíøóÇÊöåöãú»
.(8-Ã/186)
æóÇáúãõÑóÇÏõ ÈöÇáäøóÝúÓö: ßõáøõ äóÝúÓò¡ áöæõÞõæÚöåö Ýöí ÓöíóÇÞö ÇáäøóÝúíö.
æóÌõãúáóÉõ: áóãú Êóßõäú ÂãóäóÊú ãöäú ÞóÈúáõ ÕöÝóÉõ äóÝúÓÇð¡ æóåöíó ÕöÝóÉñ ãõÎóÕøöÕóÉñ áöÚõãõæãö:
äóÝúÓÇð¡ Ãóíö: ÇáäøóÝúÓó ÇáøóÊöí áóãú Êóßõäú ÂãóäóÊú ãöäú ÞóÈúáö ÅöÊúíóÇäö ÈóÚúÖö ÇáúÂíóÇÊö áóÇ íóäúÝóÚõåóÇ ÅöíãóÇäõåóÇ ÅöÐóÇ ÂãóäóÊú ÚöäúÏó äõÒõæáö ÇáúÚóÐóÇÈö¡ ÝóÚõáöãó ãöäúåõ Ãóäøó ÇáäøóÝúÓó ÇáøóÊöí ßóÇäóÊú ÂãóäóÊú ãöäú ÞóÈúáö äõÒõæáö ÇáúÚóÐóÇÈö íóäúÝóÚõåóÇ ÅöíãóÇäõåóÇ Ýöí ÇáúÂÎöÑóÉö. æóÊóÞúÏöíãõ ÇáúãóÝúÚõæáö Ýöí Þóæúáöåö: äóÝúÓÇð ÅöíãÇäõåÇ áöíóÊöãøó ÇáúÅöíÌóÇÒõ Ýöí ÚóæúÏö ÇáÖøóãöíÑö.
æóÞóæúáõåõ: Ãóæú ßóÓóÈóÊú Ýöí ÅöíãÇäöåÇ ÎóíúÑÇð ÚóØúÝñ Úóáóì ÂãóäóÊú¡ Ãóíú Ãóæú áóãú Êóßõäú ßóÓóÈóÊú Ýöí ÅöíãóÇäöåóÇ ÎóíúÑðÇ.
æÝöí áöáÙøóÑúÝöíøóÉö¡ æóÅöäøóãóÇ íóÕúáõÍõ áöáÙøóÑúÝöíøóÉö ãõÏøóÉõ ÇáúÅöíãóÇäö¡ áóÇ ÇáúÅöíãóÇäõ¡ Ãóíú Ãóæú ßóÓóÈóÊú Ýöí ãõÏøóÉö ÅöíãóÇäöåóÇ ÎóíúÑðÇ. æóÇáúÎóíúÑõ åõæó ÇáúÃóÚúãóÇáõ ÇáÕøóÇáöÍóÉõ æóÇáØøóÇÚóÇÊõ.
æÃóæú áöáÊøóÞúÓöíãö Ýöí ÕöÝóÇÊö ÇáäøóÝúÓö ÝóíóÓúÊóáúÒöãõ ÊóÞúÓöíãõ ÇáäøõÝõæÓö ÇáøóÊöí ÎóÕøóÕóÊúåóÇ ÇáÕøöÝóÊóÇäö Åöáóì ÞöÓúãóíúäö: äõÝõæÓñ ßóÇÝöÑóÉñ áóãú Êóßõäú ÂãóäóÊú ãöäú ÞóÈúáõ¡ ÝóáóÇ íóäúÝóÚõåóÇ ÅöíãóÇäõåóÇ íóæúãó íóÃúÊöí ÈóÚúÖõ ÂíóÇÊö Çááøóåö¡ æóäõÝõæÓñ ÂãóäóÊú æóáóãú ÊóßúÓöÈú ÎóíúÑðÇ Ýöí ãõÏøóÉö ÅöíãóÇäöåóÇ¡ Ýóåöíó äõÝõæÓñ ãõÄúãöäóÉñ¡ ÝóáóÇ íóäúÝóÚõåóÇ ãóÇ ÊóßúÓöÈõåõ ãöäú ÎóíúÑò íóæúãó íóÃúÊöí ÈóÚúÖõ ÂíóÇÊö ÑóÈøößó. æóåóÐóÇ ÇáúÞöÓúãõ ÇáËøóÇäöí Ðõæ ãóÑóÇÊöÈó ãõÊóÝóÇæöÊóÉò¡ áöÃóäøó ÇáÊøóÞúÕöíÑó Ýöí ÇßúÊöÓóÇÈö ÇáúÎóíúÑö ãõÊóÝóÇæöÊñ¡ Ýóãöäúåõ ÅöÖóÇÚóÉñ áöÃóÚúãóÇáö ÇáúÎóíúÑö ßõáøöåóÇ¡ æóãöäúåõ ÅöÖóÇÚóÉñ áöÈóÚúÖöåóÇ¡ æóãöäúåõ ÊóÝúÑöíØñ Ýöí ÇáúÅößúËóÇÑö ãöäúåóÇ. æóÙóÇåöÑõ ÇáúÂíóÉö íóÞúÊóÖöí Ãóäøó ÇáúãõÑóÇÏó äõÝõæÓñ áóãú ÊóßúÓöÈú Ýöí ÅöíãóÇäöåóÇ ÔóíúÆðÇ ãöäó ÇáúÎóíúÑö Ãóíö ÇÞúÊóÕóÑóÊú Úóáóì ÇáúÅöíãóÇäö æóÝóÑøóØóÊú Ýöí ÌóãöíÚö ÃóÚúãóÇáö ÇáúÎóíúÑö.
æóÞóÏú Úõáöãó ãöäó ÇáÊøóÞúÓöíãö Ãóäøó åóÐöåö ÇáäøõÝõæÓó áóÇ íóäúÝóÚõåóÇ ÇßúÊöÓóÇÈõ ÇáúÎóíúÑö ãöäú ÈóÚúÏö ãóÌöíÁö
ÇáúÂíóÇÊö¡ æóáóÇ ãóÇ íóÞõæãõ ãóÞóÇãó ÇßúÊöÓóÇÈö ÇáúÎóíúÑö ÚöäúÏó Çááøóåö¡ æóåõæó ãóÇ ãóäøó Èöåö(8-Ã/187)
Úóáóì åóÐöåö ÇáúÃõãøóÉö ãöäú ÛõÝúÑóÇäö ÇáÓøóíøöÆóÇÊö ÚöäúÏó ÇáÊøóæúÈóÉö¡ ÝóÇáúÚóÒúãõ Úóáóì ÇáúÎóíúÑö åõæó ÇáÊøóæúÈóÉõ¡ Ãóíö ÇáúÚóÒúãõ Úóáóì ÇßúÊöÓóÇÈö ÇáúÎóíúÑö¡ ÝóæóÞóÚó Ýöí ÇáúßóáóÇãö ÅöíÌóÇÒõ ÍóÐúÝò ÇÚúÊöãóÇÏðÇ Úóáóì ÇáúÞóÑöíäóÉö ÇáúæóÇÖöÍóÉö. æóÇáÊøóÞúÏöíÑõ: áóÇ íóäúÝóÚõ äóÝúÓðÇ ÛóíúÑó ãõÄúãöäóÉò ÅöíãóÇäõåóÇ Ãóæú äóÝúÓðÇ áóãú Êóßõäú ßóÓóÈóÊú ÎóíúÑðÇ Ýöí ÅöíãóÇäöåóÇ ãöäú ÞóÈúáö ßóÓúÈöåóÇ¡ íóÚúäöí Ãóæú ãóÇ íóÞõæãõ ãóÞóÇãó ßóÓúÈö ÇáúÎóíúÑö¡ ãöËúáó ÇáÊøóæúÈóÉö ÝóÅöäøóåóÇ ÈóÚúÖõ ÇßúÊöÓóÇÈö ÇáúÎóíúÑö¡ æóáóíúÓó ÇáúãõÑóÇÏõ Ãóäøóåõ áóÇ íóäúÝóÚõ äóÝúÓðÇ ãõÄúãöäóÉð ÅöíãóÇäõåóÇ ÅöÐóÇ áóãú Êóßõäú ÞóÏú ßóÓóÈóÊú ÎíÑÇ ÈöÍóíúËõ íÖíÚ ÇáúÅöíãóÇäõ ÅöÐóÇ áóãú íóÞóÚö ÇßúÊöÓóÇÈõ ÇáúÎóíúÑö¡ áöÃóäøóåõ áóæú ÃõÑöíÏó Ðóáößó áóãóÇ ßóÇäóÊú ÝóÇÆöÏóÉð áöáÊøóÞúÓöíãö¡ æóáóßóÝóì Ãóäú íõÞóÇáó áóÇ íóäúÝóÚõ äóÝúÓðÇ ÅöíãóÇäõåóÇ áóãú ÊóßúÓöÈú ÎóíúÑðÇ¡ æáÃäø ÇáúÃóÏöáøóÉó ÇáúÞóØúÚöíøóÉó äóÇåöÖóÉñ Úóáóì Ãóäøó ÇáúÅöíãóÇäó ÇáúæóÇÞöÚó ÞóÈúáó ãóÌöíÁö ÇáúÂíóÇÊö áóÇ íõÏúÍóÖõ ÅöÐóÇ ÝóÑøóØó ÕóÇÍöÈõåõ Ýöí ÔóíúÁò ãöäó ÇáúÃóÚúãóÇáö ÇáÕøóÇáöÍóÉö¡ æóáöÃóäøóåõ áóæú ßóÇäó ßóÐóáößó æóÓóáøóãúäóÇåõ áóãóÇ ÇÞúÊóÖóì ÃóßúËóÑó ãöäú Ãóäøó ÇáøóÐöí áã íÝÚá ÔóíúÆÇ ãä ÇáúÎóíúÑó ÚóÏóÇ Ãóäøóåõ Âãóäó áóÇ íóäúÝóÚõåõ ÅöíãóÇäõåõ¡ æóÐóáößó ÅöíÌóÇÏõ ÞöÓúãò áóãú íóÞõáú Èöåö ÃóÍóÏñ ãöäú ÚõáóãóÇÁö ÇáúÅöÓúáóÇãö.
æóÈöÐóáößó ÊóÚúáóãõ Ãóäøó ÇáúÂíóÉó áóÇ ÊóäúåóÖõ ÍõÌøóÉð áöáúãõÚúÊóÒöáóÉö æóáóÇ ÇáúÎóæóÇÑöÌö ÇáøóÐöíäó ÃóæúÌóÈõæÇ ÎõáõæÏó ãõÑúÊóßöÈö ÇáúßóÈöíÑóÉö ÛóíúÑö ÇáÊøóÇÆöÈö Ýöí ÇáäøóÇÑö¡ æóÇáÊøóÓúæöíóÉõ Èóíúäóåõ æóÈóíúäó ÇáúßóÇÝöÑö¡ æóÅöäú ßóÇäó ÙóÇåöÑõåóÇ ÞóÈúáó ÇáÊøóÃóãøõáö íõæåöãõ ÃóäøóåóÇ ÍõÌøóÉñ áóåõãú¡ æóáöÃóäøóåõ áóæú ßóÇäó ÇáúÃóãúÑõ ßóãóÇ ÞóÇáõæÇ áóÕóÇÑó ÇáÏøõÎõæáõ Ýöí ÇáúÅöíãóÇäö ãóÚó ÇÑúÊößóÇÈö ßóÈöíÑóÉò æóÇÍöÏóÉò ÚóÈóËðÇ áóÇ íóÑúÖóÇåõ ÚóÇÞöáñ áöäóÝúÓöåö¡ áöÃóäøóåõ íóÏúÎõáõ Ýöí ßõáúÝóÉö ßóËöíÑò ãöäó ÇáúÃóÚúãóÇáö ÈöÏõæäö ÌóÏúæóì Úóáóíúåö ãöäúåóÇ¡ æóáóßóÇäó Ãóåúæóäõ ÇáúÃóÍúæóÇáö Úóáóì ãõÑúÊóßöÈö ÇáúßóÈöíÑóÉö Ãóäú íóÎúáóÚó ÑöÈúÞóÉó ÇáúÅöíãóÇäö Åöáóì Ãóäú íóÊõæÈó ãöäó ÇáúÃóãúÑóíúäö ÌóãöíÚðÇ. æóÓóÎóÇÝóÉõ åóÐóÇ ÇááøóÇÒöãö áöÃóÕúÍóÇÈö åóÐóÇ ÇáúãóÐúåóÈö ÓóÎóÇÝóÉñ áóÇ íóÑúÖóÇåóÇ ãóäú áóåõ äóÙóÑñ ËóÇÞöÈñ. æóÇáöÇÔúÊöÛóÇáõ ÈöÊóÈúíöíäö ãóÇ íõÓúÊóÝóÇÏõ ãöäú äóÙúãö ÇáúÂíóÉö ãöäú ÖóÈúØö ÇáúÍóÏøö ÇáøóÐöí íóäúÊóåöí ÚöäúÏóåõ ÇáöÇäúÊöÝóÇÚõ ÈöÊóÍúÕöíáö ÇáúÅöíãóÇäö æóÊóÍúÕöíáö ÃóÚúãóÇáö ÇáúÎóíúÑö¡ ÃóÌúÏóì ãöäó ÇáúÎóæúÖö Ýöí áóæóÇÒöãö ãóÚóÇäöíåóÇ ãöä ÇÚúÊöÈóÇÑö ÇáúÃóÚúãóÇáö ÌõÒúÁðÇ ãöäó ÇáúÅöíãóÇäö¡ áóÇ ÓöíøóãóÇ ãóÚó ãóÇ Ýöí ÃóÕúáö ÇáúãóÚúäóì ãöäó ÇáöÇÍúÊöãóÇáö ÇáúãõÓúÞöØö áöáöÇÓúÊöÏúáóÇáö.(8-Ã/188)
ÝóÕöÝóÉõ: áóãú Êóßõäú ÂãóäóÊú ãöäú ÞóÈúáõ ÊóÍúÐöíÑñ áöáúãõÔúÑößöíäó ãöäó ÇáÊøóÑóíøõËö Úóäö ÇáúÅöíãóÇäö ÎóÔúíóÉó Ãóäú íóÈúÛóÊóåõãú íóæúãõ ÙõåõæÑö ÇáúÂíóÇÊö¡ æóåõãõ ÇáúãóÞúÕõæÏõ ãöäó ÇáÓøöíóÇÞö. æóÕöÝóÉõ Ãóæú ßóÓóÈóÊú Ýöí ÅöíãÇäöåÇ ÎóíúÑÇð ÅöÏúãóÇÌñ Ýöí ÃóËúäóÇÁö ÇáúãóÞúÕõæÏö áöÊóÍúÐöíÑö ÇáúãõÄúãöäöíäó ãöäó ÇáúÅöÚúÑóÇÖö Úóäö ÇáúÃóÚúãóÇáö ÇáÕøóÇáöÍóÉö.
Ëõãøó Åöäøó ÃóÞúæóÇáó ÇáúãõÝóÓøöÑöíäó ÇáÓøóÇáöÝöíäó¡ Ýöí ÊóÕúæöíÑö åóÐóíúäö ÇáúÞöÓúãóíúäö¡ ÊóÝóÑøóÞóÊú ÊóÝóÑøõÞðÇ íõÄúÐöäõ ÈöÇÓúÊöÕúÚóÇÈö ÇÓúÊöÎúáóÇÕö ãóÞúÕõæÏö ÇáúÂíóÉö ãöäú ÃóáúÝóÇÙöåóÇ¡ Ýóáóãú ÊõÞóÇÑöÈö ÇáúÅöÝúÕóÇÍó ÈöÚöÈóÇÑóÉò ÈóíøöäóÉò¡ æóíóÌúãóÚõ Ðóáößó ËóáóÇËóÉõ ÃóÞúæóÇáò:
ÇáúÃóæøóáõ: Úóäö ÇáÓøõÏøöíøö¡ æóÇáÖøóÍøóÇßö: Ãóäøó ãóÚúäóì ßóÓóÈóÊú Ýöí ÅöíãÇäöåÇ ÎóíúÑÇð: ßóÓóÈóÊú Ýöí ÊóÕúÏöíÞöåóÇ¡ Ãóíú ãóÚóåõ Ãóæú Ýöí ãõÏøóÊöåö¡ ÚóãóáðÇ ÕóÇáöÍðÇ¡ ÞóÇáóÇ: æóåóÄõáóÇÁö Ãóåúáõ ÇáúÞöÈúáóÉö¡ ÝóÅöäú ßóÇäóÊú ãõÕóÏøöÞóÉð æóáóãú ÊóÚúãóáú ÞóÈúáó Ðóáößó¡ Ãóíú ÅöÊúíóÇäö ÈóÚúÖö ÂíóÇÊö Çááøóåö¡ ÝóÚóãöáóÊú ÈóÚúÏó Ãóäú ÑóÃóÊö ÇáúÂíóÉó áóãú íõÞúÈóáú ãöäúåóÇ¡ æóÅöäú ÚóãöáóÊú ÞóÈúáó ÇáúÂíóÉö ÎóíúÑðÇ Ëõãøó ÚóãöáóÊú ÈóÚúÏó ÇáúÂíóÉö ÎóíúÑðÇ ÞõÈöáó ãöäúåóÇ.
ÇáËøÇäí: Ãóäøó áóÝúÙó ÇáúÞõÑúÂäö ÌóÑóì Úóáóì ØóÑöíÞóÉö ÇáÊøóÛúáöíÈö¡ áöÃóäøó ÇáúÃóßúËóÑó ãöãøóäú íóäúÊóÝöÚõ ÈöÅöíãóÇäöåö ÓóÇÚóÊóÆöÐò åõæó ãóäú ßóÓóÈó Ýöí ÅöíãóÇäöåö ÎóíúÑðÇ.
ÇáËøóÇáöËõ: Ãóäøó ÇáúßóáóÇãó ÅöÈúåóÇãñ Ýöí ÃóÍóÏö ÇáúÃóãúÑóíúäö¡ ÝóÇáúãóÚúäóì: áóÇ íóäúÝóÚõ íóæúãóÆöÐò ÅöíãóÇäõ ãóäú áóãú íóßõäú Âãóäó ÞóÈúáó Ðóáößó Çáúíóæúãö Ãóæú Öóãøó Åöáóì ÅöíãóÇäöåö ÝöÚúáó ÇáúÎóíúÑö¡ Ãóíú áóÇ íóäúÝóÚõ ÅöíãóÇäõ ãóäú íõÄúãöäõ ãöäó ÇáúßõÝøóÇÑö æóáóÇ ØóÇÚóÉõ ãóäú íõØöíÚõ ãöäó ÇáúãõÄúãöäöíäó. æóÃóãøóÇ ãóäú Âãóäó ÞóÈúáõ ÝóÅöäøóåõ íóäúÝóÚõåõ ÅöíãóÇäõåõ¡ æóßóÐóáößó ãóäú ÃØóÇÚ ÞÈá äÝÚÊå ØóÇÚóÊõåõ.
æóÞóÏú ßóÇäó Þóæúáõåõ: íóæúãó íóÃúÊöí ÈóÚúÖõ ÂíÇÊö ÑóÈøößó ÈóÚúÏó Þóæúáöåö: åóáú íóäúÙõÑõæäó ÅöáøóÇ Ãóäú ÊóÃúÊöíóåõãõ ÇáúãóáÇÆößóÉõ Ãóæú íóÃúÊöíó ÑóÈøõßó Ãóæú íóÃúÊöíó ÈóÚúÖõ ÂíÇÊö ÑóÈøößó¡ ãõÞúÊóÕöÑðÇ Úóáóì ãóÇ íóÃúÊöí ãöäú ÂíóÇÊö Çááøóåö Ýöí Çáúíóæúãö ÇáúãõÄóÌøóáö áóåõ¡ ÅöÚúÑóÇÖðÇ Úóäö ÇáÊøóÚóÑøõÖö áöãóÇ íóßõæäõ íóæúãó ÊóÃúÊöí ÇáúãóáóÇÆößóÉõ Ãóæú íóÃúÊöí ÑóÈøõßó¡ áöÃóäøó ÅöÊúíóÇäó ÇáúãóáóÇÆößóÉö¡ æóÇáúãóÚúØõæÝó Úóáóíúåö ÛóíúÑõ ãõÍúÊóãóáö ÇáúæõÞõæÚö æóÅöäøóãóÇ ÌóÑóì ÐößúÑõåõ ÅöÈúØóÇáðÇ áöÞóæúáöåöãú:(8-Ã/189)
Ãóæú ÊóÃúÊöíó ÈöÇááøóåö æóÇáúãóáÇÆößóÉö ÞóÈöíáðÇ [ÇáúÅöÓúÑóÇÁ: 92] æóäóÍúæöåö ãä ÊåßøãÇÊåã¡ æÅäøãÇ ÇáøóÐöí íßæä ãöãøóÇ ÇäúÊóÙóÑõæåõ åõæó Ãóäú íóÃúÊöíó ÈóÚúÖõ ÂíóÇÊö Çááøóåö¡ Ýóåõæó ãóÍóáøõ ÇáúãóæúÚöÙóÉö æóÇáÊøóÍúÐöíÑö¡ æóÂíóÇÊõ ÇáúÞõÑúÂä Ýöí åóÐóÇ ßóËöíÑóÉñ ãöäúåóÇ Þóæúáõåõ ÊóÚóÇáóì: Ýóáóãú íóßõ íóäúÝóÚõåõãú ÅöíãÇäõåõãú áóãøóÇ ÑóÃóæúÇ ÈóÃúÓóäÇ [ÛóÇÝöÑ: 85] .
æóÂíóÇÊõ Çááøóåö ãöäúåóÇ ãóÇ íóÎúÊóÕøõ ÈöÇáúãõÔúÑößöíäó æóåõæó ãóÇ åóÏøóÏóåõãõ Çááøóåõ Èöåö ãöäú äõÒõæáö ÇáúÚóÐóÇÈö Èöåöãú Ýöí ÇáÏøõäúíóÇ¡ ßóãóÇ äóÒóáó ÈöÇáúÃõãóãö ãöäú ÞóÈúáöåöãú¡ æóãöäúåóÇ ÂíóÇÊñ ÚóÇãøóÉñ áöáäøóÇÓö ÃóÌúãóÚöíäó¡ æóåõæó ãóÇ íõÚúÑóÝõ ÈöÃóÔúÑóÇØö ÇáÓøóÇÚóÉö¡ Ãóíö ÇáúÃóÔúÑóÇØö ÇáúßõÈúÑóì.
æóÞóÏú ÌóÇÁó ÊóÝúÓöíÑõ åóÐöåö ÇáúÂíóÉö Ýöí ÇáÓøõäøóÉö ÈöØõáõæÚö ÇáÔøóãúÓö ãöäú ãóÛúÑöÈöåóÇ.
ÝóÝöí «ÇáÕøóÍöíÍóíúäö» æóÛóíúÑöåöãóÇ Úóäú ÃóÈöí åõÑóíúÑóÉó ÞóÇáó: ÞóÇáó ÑóÓõæá Çááå Õóáøóì Çááåõ Úóáóíúåö æóÓóáøóãó: «áóÇ ÊóÞõæãõ ÇáÓøóÇÚóÉõ ÍóÊøóì ÊóØúáõÚó ÇáÔøóãúÓõ ãöäú ãóÛúÑöÈöåóÇ ÝóÅöÐóÇ ÑóÂåóÇ ÇáäøóÇÓõ Âãóäó ãóäú ÚóáóíúåóÇ ÝóÐóáößó Íöíäó áóÇ íóäúÝóÚõ äóÝúÓðÇ ÅöíãóÇäõåóÇ áóãú Êóßõäú ÂãóäóÊú ãöäú ÞóÈúáõ» . Ëõãøó ÞóÑóÃó åóÐöåö ÇáúÂíóÉó
¡ Ãóíú Þóæúáóåõ ÊóÚóÇáóì: íóæúãó íóÃúÊöí ÈóÚúÖõ ÂíÇÊö ÑóÈøößó- Åöáóì Þóæúáöåö- ÎóíúÑÇð.
æóÝöí «ÕóÍöíÍö ãõÓúáöãò» Úóäú ÃóÈöí åõÑóíúÑóÉó ÞóÇáó: ÞóÇáó ÑóÓõæá Çááå Õóáøóì Çááåõ Úóáóíúåö æóÓóáøóãó: «ãóäú ÊóÇÈó ÞóÈúáó ØõáõæÚö ÇáÔøóãúÓö ãöäú ãóÛúÑöÈöåóÇ ÊóÇÈó Çááøóåõ Úóáóíúåö» .
æóÝöí «ÌóÇãöÚö ÇáÊøöÑúãöÐöíøö» ¡ Úóäú ÕóÝúæóÇäó Èúäö ÚóÓøóÇáò ÇáúãõÑóÇÏöíøö ÞóÇáó: ÞóÇáó ÑóÓõæá Çááå Õóáøóì Çááåõ Úóáóíúåö æóÓóáøóãó: «ÈóÇÈñ ãöäú ÞöÈóáö ÇáúãóÛúÑöÈö ãóÝúÊõæÍñ ãÓíÑóÉ ÚÑÖå ÃóÑúÈóÚöíäó ÓóäóÉð
(ßóÐóÇ) ãóÝúÊõæÍñ áöáÊøóæúÈóÉö áóÇ íõÛúáóÞõ ÍóÊøóì ÊóØúáõÚó ÇáÔøóãúÓõ ãöäú ãóÛúÑöÈöåóÇ»
¡ ÞóÇáó ÇáÊøöÑúãöÐöíøõ: ÍóÏöíËñ ÕóÍöíÍñ.
æóÇÚúáóãú Ãóäøó åóÐöåö ÇáúÂíóÉó áóÇ ÊõÚóÇÑöÖõ ÂíóÉó ÓõæÑóÉö ÇáäøöÓóÇÁö [18] : æóáóíúÓóÊö ÇáÊøóæúÈóÉõ áöáøóÐöíäó íóÚúãóáõæäó ÇáÓøóíøöÆÇÊö ÍóÊøóì ÅöÐÇ ÍóÖóÑó ÃóÍóÏóåõãõ ÇáúãóæúÊõ ÞÇáó Åöäøöí ÊõÈúÊõ ÇáúÂäó æóáóÇ ÇáøóÐöíäó íóãõæÊõæäó æóåõãú ßõÝøóÇÑñ: áöÃóäøó ãóÍúãóáó Êöáúßó ÇáúÂíóÉö Úóáóì ÊóÚúíöíäö æóÞúÊö ÝóæóÇÊö ÇáÊøóæúÈóÉö ÈöÇáäøöÓúÈóÉö áöáúÃóÍúæóÇáö ÇáúÎóÇÕøóÉö ÈöÂÍóÇÏö ÇáäøóÇÓö¡ æóÐóáößó ãóÇ ÝõÓøöÑó
Ýöí ÍóÏöíËö ÇÈúäö ÚõãóÑó: Ãóäøó ÑóÓõæá Çááå Õáì Çááå æóÚóáöíåö æÓáøã ÞóÇáó: «Åöäøó Çááøóåó íóÞúÈóáõ ÊóæúÈóÉó ÇáúÚóÈúÏö ãóÇ áóãú íõÛóÑúÛöÑú» ÑóæóÇåõ ÇáÊøöÑúãöÐöíøõ¡ æóÇÈúäõ ãóÇÌóåú¡ æóÃóÍúãóÏõ
. (æóãóÚúäóì íõÛóÑúÛöÑõ Ãóäú ÊóÈúáõÛó ÑõæÍõåõ- Ãóíú ÃóäúÝóÇÓõåõ- ÑóÃúÓó ÍóáúÞöåö) .(8-Ã/190)
Åöäøó ÇáøóÐöíäó ÝóÑøóÞõæÇ Ïöíäóåõãú æóßóÇäõæÇ ÔöíóÚðÇ áóÓúÊó ãöäúåõãú Ýöí ÔóíúÁò ÅöäøóãóÇ ÃóãúÑõåõãú Åöáóì Çááøóåö Ëõãøó íõäóÈøöÆõåõãú ÈöãóÇ ßóÇäõæÇ íóÝúÚóáõæäó (159)
æóãóÍúãóáõ ÇáúÂíóÉö ÇáøóÊöí äóÊóßóáøóãõ ÝöíåóÇ ÊóÚúíöíäõ æóÞúÊö ÝóæóÇÊö ÇáÊøóæúÈóÉö ÈöÇáäøöÓúÈóÉö Åöáóì ÇáäøóÇÓö ßóÇÝøóÉð¡ æóåöíó ÍóÇáóÉõ íóÃúÓö ÇáäøóÇÓö ßõáøöåöãú ãöäó ÇáúÈóÞóÇÁö.
æóÌóÇÁó ÇáöÇÓúÊöÆúäóÇÝõ ÈöÞóæúáöåö: Þõáö ÇäúÊóÙöÑõæÇ ÅöäøóÇ ãõäúÊóÙöÑõæäó ÃãÑÇ ááÑøÓæá Õóáøóì Çááåõ Úóáóíúåö æóÓóáøóãó ÈöÃóäú íõåóÏøöÏóåõãú æóíóÊóæóÚøóÏóåõãú Úóáóì ÇáöÇäúÊöÙóÇÑö¡ Åöäú ßóÇäó æóÇÞöÚðÇ ãöäúåõãú¡ Ãóæú Úóáóì ÇáÊøóÑóíøõËö æóÇáÊøóÃóÎøõÑö Úóäö ÇáÏøõÎõæáö Ýöí ÇáúÅöÓúáóÇãö ÇáøóÐöí åõæó ÔóÈöíåñ ÈöÇáöÇäúÊöÙóÇÑö Åöäú ßóÇäó ÇáöÇäúÊöÙóÇÑõ ÇÏøöÚóÇÆöíøðÇ¡ ÈöÃóäú íóÃúãõÑóåõãú ÈöÇáÏøóæóÇãö Úóáóì ÍóÇáöåöãõ ÇáøóÊöí ÚóÈøóÑó ÚóäúåóÇ ÈöÇáöÇäúÊöÙóÇÑö ÃóãúÑó ÊóåúÏöíÏò¡ æóíõÎúÈöÑõåõãú ÈöÃóäøó ÇáúãõÓúáöãöíäó íóäúÊóÙöÑõæäó äóÕúÑó Çááøóåö æóäõÒõæáó ÇáúÚöÞóÇÈö ÈöÃóÚúÏóÇÆöåöãú¡ Ãóíú: ÏõæãõæÇ Úóáóì ÇäúÊöÙóÇÑößõãú ÝóäóÍúäõ ãõäúÊóÙöÑõæäó.
æóÝöí ãóÝúåõæãö ÇáÕøöÝóÊóíúäö ÏóáóÇáóÉñ Úóáóì Ãóäøó ÇáäøóÝúÓó ÇáøóÊöí ÂãóäóÊú ÞóÈúáó ãóÌöíÁö ÇáúÍöÓóÇÈö¡ æóßóÓóÈóÊú Ýöí ÅöíãóÇäöåóÇ ÎóíúÑðÇ¡ íäÝÚåÇ ÅöíãóÇäõåóÇ æóÚóãóáõåóÇ. ÝóÇÔúÊóãóáóÊö ÇáúÂíóÉõ ÈöãóäúØõæÞöåóÇ æóãóÝúåõæãöåóÇ Úóáóì æóÚöíÏò ææÚÏ ãÌãáíä ÊÈíøäåãÇ ÏóáóÇÆöáõ ÇáúßÊÇÈ æÇáÓäøÉ.
[159]
[ÓõæÑóÉ ÇáúÃóäúÚóÇã (6) : ÂíóÉ 159]
Åöäøó ÇáøóÐöíäó ÝóÑøóÞõæÇ Ïöíäóåõãú æóßÇäõæÇ ÔöíóÚÇð áóÓúÊó ãöäúåõãú Ýöí ÔóíúÁò ÅöäøóãÇ ÃóãúÑõåõãú Åöáóì Çááøóåö Ëõãøó íõäóÈøöÆõåõãú ÈöãÇ ßÇäõæÇ íóÝúÚóáõæäó (159)
ÇÓúÊöÆúäóÇÝñ ÌóÇÁó ÚóÞöÈó ÇáúæóÚöíÏö ßóÇáäøóÊöíÌóÉö æóÇáúÝóÐúáóßóÉö¡ áöÃóäøó Çááøóåó áóãøóÇ ÞóÇáó áÑóÓõæáå Õóáøóì Çááåõ Úóáóíúåö æóÓóáøóãó: Þõáö ÇäúÊóÙöÑõæÇ ÅöäøóÇ ãõäúÊóÙöÑõæäó [ÇáúÃóäúÚóÇã: 158] ÃóÚúÞóÈó Ðóáößó ÈöÃóäøó ÇáúÝóÑöíÞóíúäö ãõÊóÈóÇíöäóÇäö ãõÊóÌóÇÝöíóÇäö Ýöí ãõÏøóÉö ÇáöÇäúÊöÙóÇÑö.
æóÌöíÁó ÈöÇáúãóæúÕõæáöíøóÉö áöÊóÚúÑöíÝö ÇáúãõÓúäóÏö Åöáóíúåö áöÅöÝóÇÏóÉö ÊóÍóÞøõÞö ãóÚúäóì ÇáÕøöáóÉö Ýöíåöãú¡ áöÃóäøóåóÇ ÊõäóÇÓöÈõ ÇáÊøóäúÝöíÑó ãöäó ÇáöÇÊøöÕóÇáö Èöåöãú¡ áöÃóäøó ÔóÃúäó ÇáÏøöíäö Ãóäú íóßõæäó ÚóÞöíÏóÉð æóÇÍöÏóÉð æóÃóÚúãóÇáðÇ æóÇÍöÏóÉð¡ æóÇáÊøóÝóÑøõÞõ Ýöí ÃõÕõæáöåö íõäóÇÝöí æóÍúÏóÊóåõ¡ æóáöÐóáößó áóãú íóÒóáú ÚõáóãóÇÁõ ÇáúÅöÓúáóÇãö íóÈúÐõáõæäó æõÓúÚóåõãú áöÇÓúÊöäúÈóÇØö ãõÑóÇÏö Çááøóåö ãöäó ÇáúÃõãøóÉö¡ æóíóÚúáóãõæäó(8-Ã/191)
Ãóäøó ÇáúÍóÞøó æóÇÍöÏñ æóÃóäøó Çááøóåó ßóáøóÝó ÇáúÚõáóãóÇÁó ÈöÅöÕóÇÈóÊöåö æóÌóÚóáó áöáúãõÕöíÈö ÃóÌúÑóíúäö
æóáãä ÃÎØÃå ãóÚó ÇÓúÊöÝúÑóÇÛö ÇáúæõÓúÚö ÃóÌúÑðÇ æóÇÍöÏðÇ¡ æóÐóáößó ÃóÌúÑñ Úóáóì ÈóÐúáö ÇáúæõÓúÚö Ýöí ØóáóÈöåö ÝóÅöäøó ÈóÐúáó ÇáúæõÓúÚö Ýöí Ðóáößó íõæÔößõ Ãóäú íóÈúáõÛó ÇáúãóÞúÕõæÏó. ÝóÇáúãõÑóÇÏõ Èö ÇáøóÐöíäó ÝóÑøóÞõæÇ Ïöíäóåõãú ÞóÇáó ÇÈúäõ ÚóÈøóÇÓò: åõãõ ÇáúãõÔúÑößõæäó¡ áöÃóäøóåõãú áóãú íóÊøóÝöÞõæÇ Úóáóì ÕõæÑóÉò æóÇÍöÏóÉò Ýöí ÇáÏøöíäö¡ ÝóÞóÏú ÚóÈóÏóÊö ÇáúÞóÈóÇÆöáõ ÃóÕúäóÇãðÇ ãõÎúÊóáöÝóÉð¡ æóßóÇäó ÈóÚúÖõ ÇáúÚóÑóÈö íóÚúÈõÏõæäó ÇáúãóáóÇÆößóÉó¡ æóÈóÚúÖõåõãú íóÚúÈõÏõ ÇáÔøóãúÓó¡ æóÈóÚúÖõåõãú íóÚúÈõÏõ ÇáúÞóãóÑó¡ æóßóÇäõæÇ íóÌúÚóáõæäó áößõáøö Õóäóãò ÚöÈóÇÏóÉð ÊõÎóÇáöÝõ ÚöÈóÇÏóÉó ÛóíúÑöåö.
æóíóÌõæÒõ Ãóäú íõÑóÇÏó: Ãóäøóåõãú ßóÇäõæÇ Úóáóì ÇáúÍóäöíÝöíøóÉö¡ æóåöíó Ïöíäõ ÇáÊøóæúÍöíÏö áöÌóãöíÚöåöãú¡ ÝóÝóÑøóÞõæÇ æóÌÚáõæÇ ÂáöåóÉ ÚÈÇÏÇÊåÇ ãõÎúÊóáöÝóÉõ ÇáÕøõæóÑö. æóÃóãøóÇ ßóæúäõåõãú ßóÇäõæÇ ÔöíóÚðÇ ÝóáöÃóäøó ßõáøó ÞóÈöíáóÉò ßóÇäóÊú ÊóäúÊóÕöÑõ áöÕóäóãöåóÇ¡ æóÊóÒúÚõãõ Ãóäøóåõ íóäúÕõÑõåõãú Úóáóì ÚõÈøóÇÏö ÛóíúÑöåö ßóãóÇ ÞóÇáó ÖöÑóÇÑõ Èúäõ ÇáúÎóØøóÇÈö ÇáúÝöåúÑöíøõ:
æóÝóÑøóÊú ËóÞöíÝõ Åöáóì áóÇÊöåóÇ ... ÈöãõäúÞóáóÈö ÇáúÎóÇÆöÈö ÇáúÎóÇÓöÑö
æóãóÚúäóì: áóÓúÊó ãöäúåõãú Ýöí ÔóíúÁò Ãóäøóßó áóÇ ÕöáóÉó Èóíúäóßó æóÈóíúäóåõãú. ÝóÍóÑúÝõ (ãöäö) ÇÊøöÕóÇáöíøóÉñ.
æóÃóÕúáõåóÇ (ãöäó) ÇáöÇÈúÊöÏóÇÆöíøóÉõ.
æÔóíúÁò ÇÓúãõ ÌöäúÓò ÈöãóÚúäóì ãóæúÌõæÏñ ÝóäóÝúíõåõ íõÝöíÏõ äóÝúíö ÌóãöíÚö ãóÇ íõæÌóÏõ ãöäó ÇáöÇÊøöÕóÇáö¡ æóÊóÞóÏøóãó ÚöäúÏ Þóæúáå ÊóÚóÇáóì: æóãóäú íóÝúÚóáú Ðáößó ÝóáóíúÓó ãöäó Çááøóåö Ýöí ÔóíúÁò Ýöí ÓõæÑóÉö Âáö ÚöãúÑóÇäó [28] ¡ æóÞóæúáöåö: áóÓúÊõãú Úóáì ÔóíúÁò Ýöí ÓõæÑóÉö ÇáúãóÇÆöÏóÉö [68] .
æóáóãøóÇ ÏóáøóÊú Úóáóì ÇáÊøóÈóÑøöí ãöäúåõãú æóÚóÏóãö ãõÎóÇáóØóÊöåöãú¡ ßóÇäó ÇáúßóáóÇãõ ãóËóÇÑó ÓõÄóÇáö ÓóÇÆöáò íóÞõæáõ:
ÃóÚóáóì ÇáÑøóÓõæáö Ãóäú íóÊóæóáøóì ÌóÒóÇÁóåõãú Úóáóì ÓõæÁö Úóãóáöåöãú¡ ÝóáöÐóáößó ÌóÇÁó ÇáöÇÓúÊöÆúäóÇÝõ ÈöÞóæúáöåö: ÅöäøóãÇ ÃóãúÑõåõãú Åöáóì Çááøóåö Ýóåõæó ÇÓúÊöÆúäóÇÝñ ÈóíóÇäöíøñ¡ æóÕöíÛóÉõ ÇáúÞóÕúÑö áÞáÈ ÇÚúÊöÞóÇÏ ÇáÓøóÇÆöá ÇáúãõÊóÑóÏøöÏö¡ Ãóíú ÅöäøóãóÇ ÃóãúÑõåõãú Åöáóì Çááøóåö áóÇ Åöáóì ÇáÑøÓæá Õóáøóì Çááåõ Úóáóíúåö æóÓóáøóãó æóáóÇ Åöáóì ÛóíúÑöåö¡ æóåóÐóÇ ÅöäúÐóÇÑñ ÔóÏöíÏñ¡ æóÇáúãõÑóÇÏõ ÈöÃóãúÑöåöãú:
Úóãóáõåõãõ ÇáøóÐöí ÇÓúÊóÍóÞøõæÇ Èöåö ÇáúÌóÒóÇÁ æÇáÚÞæÈÉ. æ (Åöáóì) ãõÓúÊóÚúãóáñ Ýöí ÇáöÇäúÊöåóÇÁö(8-Ã/192)
ÇáúãóÌóÇÒöíøö: ÔóÈøóåó ÃóãúÑóåõãú ÈöÇáÖøóÇáøóÉö ÇáøóÊöí ÊóÑóßóåóÇ ÇáäøóÇÓõ ÝóÓóÇÑóÊú ÍóÊøóì ÇäúÊóåóÊú Åöáóì ãóÑóÇÍöåóÇ¡ ÝóÅöäøó ÇáúÎóáúÞó ßõáøóåõãú ÚóÈöíÏõ Çááøóåö æóÅöáóíúåö íóÑúÌöÚõæäó¡ æóÇááøóåõ íõãúåöáõåõãú Ëõãøó íóÃúÎõÐõåõãú ÈöÚóÐóÇÈò ãöäú ÚöäúÏöåö Ãóæú ÈöÃóíúÏöí ÇáúãõÄúãöäöíäó Íöíäó íóÃúÐóä áÑóÓõæáå Õóáøóì Çááåõ Úóáóíúåö æóÓóáøóãó ÈöÞöÊóÇáöåöãú ßóãóÇ ÞóÇáó ÊóÚóÇáóì: ÝóÇÑúÊóÞöÈú íóæúãó ÊóÃúÊöí ÇáÓøóãÇÁõ ÈöÏõÎÇäò ãõÈöíäò íóÛúÔóì ÇáäøóÇÓó åóÐóÇ ÚóÐÇÈñ Ãóáöíãñ ÑóÈøóäóÇ ÇßúÔöÝú ÚóäøóÇ ÇáúÚóÐÇÈó ÅöäøóÇ ãõÄúãöäõæäó Ãóäøóì áóåõãõ ÇáÐøößúÑì æóÞóÏú ÌÇÁóåõãú ÑóÓõæáñ ãõÈöíäñ Ëõãøó ÊóæóáøóæúÇ Úóäúåõ æóÞÇáõæÇ ãõÚóáøóãñ ãóÌúäõæäñ ÅöäøóÇ ßÇÔöÝõæÇ ÇáúÚóÐÇÈö ÞóáöíáðÇ Åöäøóßõãú ÚÇÆöÏõæäó íóæúãó äóÈúØöÔõ ÇáúÈóØúÔóÉó ÇáúßõÈúÑì ÅöäøóÇ ãõäúÊóÞöãõæäó
[ÇáÏøõÎÇä: 10¡ 16] . æóÇáúÈóØúÔóÉõ ÇáúßõÈúÑóì åöíó ÈóØúÔóÉõ íóæúãö ÈóÏúÑò.
æóÞóæúáõåõ: Ëõãøó íõäóÈøöÆõåõãú ÈöãÇ ßÇäõæÇ íóÝúÚóáõæäó (Ëõãøó) Ýöíåö áöáÊøóÑúÊöíÈö ÇáÑøõÊúÈöíøö ãóÚó ÅöÝóÇÏóÉö ÇáúãõåúáóÉö¡ Ãóíú
íóÈúÞóì ÃóãúÑõåõãú Åöáóì Çááøóåö ãÏøÉ. æóÐóáößó åõæó ÇáúÅöãúåóÇáö æóÇáúÅöãúáóÇÁö áóåõãú¡ Ëõãøó íõÚóÇÞöÈõåõãú¡ ÝóÃóØúáóÞó ÇáúÅöäúÈóÇÁó Úóáóì ÇáúÚöÞóÇÈö¡ áöÃóäøóåõ Åöäú ßóÇäó ÇáúÚöÞóÇÈõ ÚöÞóÇÈó ÇáúÂÎöÑóÉö Ýóåõæó íóÊóÞóÏøóãõåõ ÇáúÍöÓóÇÈõ¡ æóÝöíåö ÅöäúÈóÇÁõ ÇáúÌóÇäöí ÈöÌöäóÇíóÊöåö æóÈöÃóäøóåõ ãóÃúÎõæÐñ ÈöåóÇ¡ ÝóÅöØúáóÇÞõ ÇáúÅöäúÈóÇÁö Úóáóíúåö ÍóÞöíÞóÉñ ãõÑóÇÏñ ãóÚóåóÇ áóÇÒöãõåõ Úóáóì æóÌúåö ÇáúßöäóÇíóÉö¡ æóÅöäú ßóÇäó ÇáúÚöÞóÇÈõ ÚöÞóÇÈó ÇáÏøõäúíóÇ ÝóÅöØúáóÇÞõ ÇáúÅöäúÈóÇÁö Úóáóíúåö ãÌóÇÒ¡ áÃäøå ÅöÐóÇ äóÒóáó Èöåöãõ ÇáúÚóÐóÇÈõ ÈóÚúÏó ÇáúæóÚöíÏö ÚóáöãõæÇ Ãóäøóåõ ÇáúÚöÞóÇÈõ ÇáúãóæúÚõæÏõ Èöåö¡ ÝóßóÇäó ÍõÕõæáõ Ðóáößó ÇáúÚöáúãö áóåõãú ÚöäúÏó æõÞõæÚöåö ÔóÈöíåðÇ ÈöÍõÕõæáö ÇáúÚáã ÇáúÍóÇÕöá Úóä ÇáúÅöÎúÈóÇÑö ÝóÃóØúáóÞó Úóáóíúåö ÇáúÅöäúÈóÇÁó¡ Ýóíóßõæäõ Þóæúáõåõ: íõäóÈøöÆõåõãú ÈöãóÚúäóì íõÚóÇÞöÈõåõãú ÈöãóÇ ßóÇäõæÇ íóÝúÚóáõæäó.
æóæóÕúÝõ ÇáúãõÔúÑößöíäó ÈöÃóäøóåõãú ÝóÑøóÞõæÇ Ïóíúäóåõãú æóßóÇäõæÇ ÔöíóÚðÇ: íõÄúÐöäõ ÈöÃóäøóåõ æóÕúÝñ ÔóäöíÚñ¡ ÅöÐú ãóÇ æóÕóÝóåõãõ Çááøóåõ Èöåö ÅöáøóÇ Ýöí ÓöíóÇÞö ÇáÐøóãøö¡ ÝóíõÄúÐöäõ Ðóáößó ÈöÃóäøó Çááøóåó íõÍóÐøöÑõ ÇáúãõÓúáöãöíäó ãöäú Ãóäú íóßõæäõæÇ Ýöí Ïöíäöåöãú ßóãóÇ ßóÇäó ÇáúãõÔúÑößõæäó Ýöí Ïöíäöåöãú¡ æóáöÐóáößó ÞóÇáó ÊóÚóÇáóì: ÔóÑóÚó áóßõãú ãöäó ÇáÏøöíäö ãóÇ æóÕøóì Èöåö äõæÍÇð æóÇáøóÐöí ÃóæúÍóíúäÇ Åöáóíúßó- Åöáóì Þóæúáöåö- Ãóäú ÃóÞöíãõæÇ ÇáÏøöíäó æóáÇ ÊóÊóÝóÑøóÞõæÇ Ýöíåö [ÇáÔæÑì: 13] .
æóÊóÝúÑöíÞõ Ïöíäö ÇáúÅöÓúáóÇãö åõæó ÊóÝúÑöíÞõ ÃõÕõæáöåö ÈóÚúÏó ÇÌúÊöãóÇÚöåóÇ¡ ßóãóÇ ÝóÚóáó ÈóÚúÖõ ÇáúÚóÑóÈö ãöäú ãóäúÚöåöãõ ÇáÒøóßóÇÉó ÈóÚúÏó ÑóÓõæá Çááå Õóáøóì Çááåõ Úóáóíúåö æóÓóáøóãó ÝóÞóÇáó(8-Ã/193)
ãóäú ÌóÇÁó ÈöÇáúÍóÓóäóÉö Ýóáóåõ ÚóÔúÑõ ÃóãúËóÇáöåóÇ æóãóäú ÌóÇÁó ÈöÇáÓøóíøöÆóÉö ÝóáóÇ íõÌúÒóì ÅöáøóÇ ãöËúáóåóÇ æóåõãú áóÇ íõÙúáóãõæäó (160)
ÃóÈõæ ÈóßúÑò ÑóÖöíó Çááøóåõ Úóäúåõ: áóÃõÞóÇÊöáóäøó ãóäú ÝóÑøóÞó Èóíúäó ÇáÕøóáóÇÉö æóÇáÒøóßóÇÉö. æóÃóãøóÇ ÊóÝúÑöíÞõ ÇáúÂÑóÇÁö Ýöí ÇáÊøóÚúáöíáóÇÊö æóÇáÊøóÈúíöíäóÇÊö ÝóáóÇ ÈóÃúÓó Èöåö¡ æóåõæó ãöäó ÇáäøóÙóÑö Ýöí ÇáÏøöíäö: ãöËúáó ÇáöÇÎúÊöáóÇÝö Ýöí ÃóÏöáøóÉö ÇáÕøöÝóÇÊö¡ æóÝöí ÊóÍúÞöíÞö ãóÚóÇäöíåóÇ¡ ãóÚó ÇáöÇÊøöÝóÇÞö Úóáóì ÅöËúÈóÇÊåóÇ.
æóßóÐóáößó ÊóÝúÑöíÞ ÇáúÝõÑõæÚö: ßóÊóÝúÑöíÞö ÝõÑõæÚö ÇáúÝöÞúåö ÈöÇáúÎöáóÇÝö Èóíúäó ÇáúÝõÞóåóÇÁö¡ ãóÚó ÇáöÇÊøöÝóÇÞö Úóáóì ÕöÝóÉö ÇáúÚóãóáö æóÚóáóì ãóÇ Èöåö ÕöÍóÉ ÇáúÃóÚúãóÇá æóÝóÓóÇÏõåóÇ. ßóÇáöÇÎúÊöáóÇÝö Ýöí ÍóÞöíÞóÉö ÇáúÝóÑúÖö æóÇáúæóÇÌöÈö.
æóÇáúÍóÇÕöáõ Ãóäøó ßõáøó ÊóÝúÑöíÞò áóÇ íõßóÝøöÑõ Èöåö ÈóÚúÖõ ÇáúÝöÑóÞö ÈóÚúÖðÇ¡ æóáóÇ íõÝúÖöí Åöáóì ÊóÞóÇÊõáò æóÝöÊóäò¡ Ýóåõæó ÊóÝúÑöíÞõ äóÙóÑò æóÇÓúÊöÏúáóÇáò æóÊóØóáøõÈò áöáúÍóÞøö ÈöÞóÏúÑö ÇáØøóÇÞóÉö æóßõáøõ ÊóÝúÑöíÞò íõÝúÖöí ÈöÃóÕúÍóÇÈöåö Åöáóì ÊóßúÝöíÑö ÈóÚúÖöåöãú ÈóÚúÖðÇ¡ æóãõÞóÇÊóáóÉö ÈóÚúÖöåöãú ÈóÚúÖðÇ Ýöí ÃóãúÑö ÇáÏøöíäö¡ Ýóåõæó ãöãøóÇ ÍóÐøóÑó Çááøóåõ ãöäúåõ¡ æóÃóãøóÇ ãóÇ ßóÇäó Èóíúäó ÇáúãõÓúáöãöíäó äöÒóÇÚðÇ Úóáóì Çáúãõáúßö æóÇáÏøõäúíóÇ ÝóáóíúÓó ÊóÝúÑöíÞðÇ Ýöí ÇáÏøöíäö¡ æóáóßöäøóåõ ãöäó ÇáúÃóÍúæóÇáö ÇáøóÊöí áóÇ ÊóÓúáóãõ ãöäúåóÇ ÇáúÌóãóÇÚóÇÊõ.
æóÞóÑóÃóåõ ÇáúÌõãúåõæÑõ: ÝóÑøóÞõæÇ- ÈöÊóÔúÏöíÏö ÇáÑøóÇÁö- æóÞóÑóÃóåõ ÍóãúÒóÉõ¡ æóÇáúßöÓóÇÆöíøõ: ÝóÇÑóÞõæÇ- ÈöÃóáúÝò ÈóÚúÏö ÇáúÝóÇÁö- Ãóíú ÊóÑóßõæÇ Ïöíäóåõãú¡ Ãóíú ÊóÑóßõæÇ ãóÇ ßóÇäó ÏöíäðÇ áóåõãú¡ Ãóíú áöÌóãöíÚö ÇáúÚóÑóÈö¡ æóåõæó ÇáúÍóäöíÝöíøóÉõ ÝóäóÈóÐõæåóÇ æóÌóÚóáõæåóÇ ÚöÏøóÉó äöÍóáò. æóãóÂáõ ÇáúÞöÑóÇÁóÊóíúä æóÇÍöÏ.
[160]
[ÓõæÑóÉ ÇáúÃóäúÚóÇã (6) : ÂíóÉ 160]
ãóäú ÌÇÁó ÈöÇáúÍóÓóäóÉö Ýóáóåõ ÚóÔúÑõ ÃóãúËÇáöåÇ æóãóäú ÌÇÁó ÈöÇáÓøóíøöÆóÉö ÝóáÇ íõÌúÒì ÅöáÇøó ãöËúáóåÇ æóåõãú áóÇ íõÙúáóãõæäó (160)
ãöäú ÚóÇÏóÉö ÇáúÞõÑúÂäö Ãóäøóåõ ÅöÐóÇ ÃóäúÐóÑó ÃÚÞÈ ÇáúÅöäúÐóÇÑ ÈöÈöÔóÇÑóÉ áöãóäú áóÇ íóÍöÞøõ Úóáóíúåö Ðóáößó ÇáúÅöäúÐóÇÑõ¡ æóÅöÐóÇ ÈóÔøóÑó ÃÚÞÈ ÇáúÈÔóÇÑóÉ ÈäÐÇÑÉ áöãóäú íóÊøóÕöÝõ ÈöÖöÏøö ãóÇ ÈõÔøöÑó Úóáóíúåö¡ æóÞóÏú ÌóÑóì Úóáóì Ðóáößó åóÇåõäóÇ:
ÝóÅöäøóåõ áóãøóÇ ÃóäúÐóÑó ÇáúãõÄúãöäöíäó æóÍóÐøóÑóåõãú ãöäó ÇáÊøóÑóíøõËö Ýöí ÇßúÊöÓóÇÈö ÇáúÎóíúÑö¡ ÞóÈúáó Ãóäú íóÃúÊöíó ÈóÚúÖõ ÂíóÇÊö Çááøóåö ÇáúÞóÇåöÑóÉö¡ ÈöÞóæúáöåö:(8-Ã/194)
áóÇ íóäúÝóÚõ äóÝúÓÇð ÅöíãÇäõåÇ áóãú Êóßõäú ÂãóäóÊú ãöäú ÞóÈúáõ Ãóæú ßóÓóÈóÊú Ýöí ÅöíãÇäöåÇ ÎóíúÑÇð [ÇáúÃóäúÚóÇã: 158] ÝóÍóÏøó áóåõãú ÈöÐóáößó ÍóÏøðÇ åõæó ãöäú ãóÙúåóÑö ÚóÏúáöåö¡ ÃóÚúÞóÈó Ðóáößó ÈöÈõÔúÑóì ãöäú ãóÙóÇåöÑö ÝóÖúáöåö æóÚóÏúáöåö. æóåöíó ÇáúÌóÒóÇÁõ Úóáóì ÇáúÍóÓóäóÉö ÈöÚóÔúÑö ÃóãúËóÇáöåóÇ æóÇáúÌóÒóÇÁõ Úóáóì ÇáÓøóíøöÆóÉö ÈöãöËúáöåóÇ¡ ÝóÞóæúáõåõ:
ãóäú ÌÇÁó ÈöÇáúÍóÓóäóÉö Åöáóì ÂÎöÑöåö ÇÓúÊöÆúäóÇÝñ ÇÈúÊöÏóÇÆöíøñ ÌóÑóì Úóáóì ÚõÑúÝö ÇáúÞõÑúÂä Ýöí ÇáöÇäúÊöÞóÇá Èóíúäó ÇáúÃóÛúÑóÇÖö.
ÝóÇáúßóáóÇãõ ÊóÐúíöíáñ ÌóÇãöÚñ áöÃóÍúæóÇáö ÇáúÝóÑöíÞóíúäö ÇááøóÐóíúäö ÇÞúÊóÖóÇåõãóÇ Þóæúáõåõ: áóÇ íóäúÝóÚõ äóÝúÓÇð ÅöíãÇäõåÇ áóãú Êóßõäú ÂãóäóÊú ãöäú ÞóÈúáõ Ãóæú ßóÓóÈóÊú Ýöí ÅöíãÇäöåÇ ÎóíúÑÇð [ÇáúÃóäúÚóÇã: 158] . æóåóÐóÇ ÈóíóÇä áÈóÚÖ ÇáúÅöÌúãóÇá ÇáøóÐöí Ýöí Þóæúáå: áóÇ íóäúÝóÚõ äóÝúÓÇð ÅöíãÇäõåÇ ÇáúÂíóÉó¡ ßóãóÇ ÊóÞóÏøóãó ÂäöÝðÇ.
æÌÇÁó ÈöÇáúÍóÓóäóÉö ãóÚúäóÇåõ Úóãöáó ÇáúÍóÓóäóÉó: ÔÈå Úãáå ÇáúÍóÓóäóÉ ÈöÍóÇáö ÇáúãõßúÊóÓöÈö¡ ÅöÐú íóÎúÑõÌõ íóØúáõÈõ ÑöÒúÞðÇ ãöäú æõÌõæåöåö Ãóæö ÇÍúÊöØóÇÈò Ãóæú ÕóíúÏò ÝóíóÌöíÁõ Ãóåúáõåõ ÈöÔóíúÁò. æóåóÐóÇ ßóãóÇ ÇÓúÊõÚöíÑó áóåõ ÇÓúãõ ÇáÊøöÌóÇÑóÉö Ýöí Þóæúáöåö ÊóÚóÇáóì: ÝóãÇ ÑóÈöÍóÊú ÊöÌÇÑóÊõåõãú [ÇáúÈóÞóÑóÉ: 16] .
ÝóÇáúÈóÇÁõ áöáúãõÕóÇÍóÈóÉö¡ æóÇáúßóáóÇãõ ÊóãúËöíáñ¡ æóíóÌõæÒõ Íóãúáõ ÇáúãóÌöíÁö Úóáóì ÍóÞöíÞóÊöåö¡ Ãóíú ãóÌöíÁñ Åöáóì ÇáúÍöÓóÇÈö Úóáóì Ãóäú íóßõæäó ÇáúãõÑóÇÏõ ÈöÇáúÍóÓóäóÉö Ãóä íóÌöíÁ ÈßÊÇÈÊåÇ Ýöí ÕóÍöíÝóÉö ÃóÚúãóÇáöåö.
æóÃóãúËóÇáõ ÇáúÍóÓóäóÉö ËóæóÇÈõ ÃóãúËóÇáöåóÇ¡ ÝóÇáúßóáóÇãõ Úóáóì ÍóÐúÝö ãõÖóÇÝò ÈöÞóÑöíäóÉö Þóæúáöåö: ÝóáÇ íõÌúÒì ÅöáøóÇ ãöËúáóåÇ¡ Ãóæú ãóÚúäóÇåõ ÊõÍúÓóÈõ áóåõ ÚóÔúÑõ ÍóÓóäóÇÊò ãöËúáó ÇáøóÊöí ÌóÇÁó ÈöåóÇ ßóãóÇ
Ýöí ÇáúÍóÏöíËö: «ßóÊóÈóåóÇ Çááøóåõ ÚöäúÏóåõ ÚóÔúÑó ÍóÓóäóÇÊò»
æóíõÚúÑóÝõ ãöäú Ðóáößó Ãóäøó ÇáËøóæóÇÈó Úóáóì äóÍúæö Ðóáößó ÇáúÍöÓóÇÈö ßóãóÇ Ïóáøó Úóáóíúåö Þóæúáõåõ: ÝóáÇ íõÌúÒì ÅöáøóÇ ãöËúáóåÇ.
æóÇáúÃóãúËóÇáõ: ÌóãúÚõ ãöËúáò æóåõæó ÇáúãõãóÇËöáõ ÇáúãõÓóÇæöí¡ æóÌöíÁó áóåõ ÈöÇÓúãö ÚóÏóÏö ÇáúãõÄóäøóËö æóåõæó ÚóÔúÑõ ÇÚúÊöÈóÇÑðÇ ÈöÃóäøó ÇáúÃóãúËóÇáó ÕöÝóÉñ áöãóæúÕõæÝò ãóÍúÐõæÝò Ïóáøó Úóáóíúåö ÇáúÍóÓóäóÉõ(8-Ã/195)
Ãóíú Ýóáóåõ ÚóÔúÑõ ÍóÓóäóÇÊò ÃóãúËóÇáõåóÇ¡ ÝóÑõæÚöíó Ýöí ÇÓúãö ÇáúÚóÏóÏö ãóÚúäóì ãõãóíøöÒöåö Ïõæäó áóÝúÙöåö æóåõæó ÃóãúËóÇáñ. æóÇáúÌóÒóÇÁõ Úóáóì ÇáúÍóÓóäóÉö ÈöÚóÔúÑóÉö ÃóÖúÚóÇÝò ÝóÖúáñ ãöäó Çááøóåö¡ æóåõæó ÌóÒóÇÁõ ÛóÇáöÈö ÇáúÍóÓóäóÇÊö¡ æóÞóÏú ÒóÇÏó Çááøóåõ Ýöí ÈóÚúÖö ÇáúÍóÓóäóÇÊö Ãóäú ÖóÇÚóÝóåóÇ ÓóÈúÚóãöÇÆóÉö ÖöÚúÝò ßóãóÇ Ýöí Þóæúáöåö ÊóÚóÇáóì: ãóËóáõ ÇáøóÐöíäó íõäúÝöÞõæäó ÃóãúæÇáóåõãú Ýöí ÓóÈöíáö Çááøóåö
ßóãóËóáö ÍóÈøóÉò ÃóäúÈóÊóÊú ÓóÈúÚó ÓóäÇÈöáó Ýöí ßõáøö ÓõäúÈõáóÉò ãöÇÆóÉõ ÍóÈøóÉò
[ÇáúÈóÞóÑóÉ: 261] ÝóÐóáößó ÎóÇÕøñ ÈöÇáúÅöäúÝóÇÞö Ýöí ÇáúÌöåóÇÏö.
æóÝöí ÇáúÍóÏöíËö: «ãóäú åóãøó ÈöÍóÓóäóÉò Ýóáóãú íóÚúãóáúåóÇ ßóÊóÈóåóÇ Çááøóåõ ÚöäúÏóåõ ÍóÓóäóÉð ßóÇãöáóÉð æóÅöäú åóãøó ÈöåóÇ ÝóÚóãöáóåóÇ ßóÊóÈóåóÇ Çááøóåõ ÚöäúÏóåõ ÚóÔúÑó ÍóÓóäóÇÊò Åöáóì ÓóÈúÚöãöÇÆóÉö ÖöÚúÝò Åöáóì ÃóÖúÚóÇÝò ßóËöíÑóÉò»
. æóÞóÑóÃó ÇáúÌõãúåõæÑõ: ÚóÔúÑõ ÃóãúËÇáöåÇ ÈöÅöÖóÇÝóÉö ÚóÔúÑõ Åöáóì ÃóãúËÇáöåÇ. æóåõæó ãöäú ÅöÖóÇÝóÉö ÇáÕøöÝóÉö Åöáóì ÇáúãóæúÕõæÝ¡ æÞÑÃå íóÚúÞõæÈõ- ÈöÊóäúæöíäö ÚóÔúÑõ æóÑóÝúÚö ÃóãúËÇáöåÇ¡ Úóáóì Ãäøå ÕÝÉ á ÚóÔúÑõ¡ Ãóíú Ýóáóåõ ÚóÔúÑõ ÍóÓóäóÇÊò ãõãóÇËöáóÉò áöáúÍóÓóäóÉö ÇáøóÊöí ÌóÇÁó ÈöåóÇ. æóãõãóÇËóáóÉõ ÇáúÌóÒóÇÁ ááÍÓäÉ ãæßæá Åöáóì Úöáúãö Çááøóåö ÊóÚóÇáóì æóÝóÖúáöåö.
æóÅöäøóãóÇ ÞóÇáó Ýöí ÌóÇäöÈö ÇáÓøóíøöÆóÉö ÝóáóÇ íõÌúÒóì ÅöáøóÇ ãöËúáóåóÇ ÈöÕöíÛóÉö ÇáúÍóÕúÑö áöÃóÌúáö ãóÇ Ýöí ÕöíÛóÊöåö ãöäú ÊóÞúÏöíãö ÌóÇäöÈö ÇáäøóÝúíö¡ ÇåúÊöãóÇãðÇ Èöåö¡ áöÅöÙúåóÇÑö ÇáúÚóÏúáö ÇáúÅöáóåöíøö¡ ÝóÇáúÍóÕúÑõ ÍóÞöíÞöíøñ¡ æóáóíúÓó Ýöí ÇáúÍóÕúÑö ÇáúÍóÞöíÞöíøö ÑóÏøõ ÇÚúÊöÞóÇÏò Èóáú åõæó ÅöÎúÈóÇÑñ ÚóãøóÇ Ýöí äóÝúÓö ÇáúÃóãúÑö¡ æóáöÐóáößó ßóÇäó íõÓóÇæöíåö Ãóäú íõÞóÇáó:
æóãóäú ÌóÇÁó ÈöÇáÓøóíøöÆóÉö ÝóíõÌúÒóì ãöËúáóåóÇ¡ áóæúáóÇ ÇáöÇåúÊöãóÇãõ ÈöÌóÇäöÈö äóÝúíö ÇáÒøöíóÇÏóÉö Úóáóì ÇáúãõãóÇËóáóÉö. æóäóÙöíÑõåõ
Þóæá ÇáäøÈíÁ Õóáøóì Çááåõ Úóáóíúåö æóÓóáøóãó Íöíäó ÓóÃóáóÊúåõ åöäúÏõ ÈöäúÊõ ÚõÊúÈóÉó ÝóÞóÇáóÊú: Åöäøó ÃóÈóÇ ÓõÝúíóÇäó ÑóÌõáñ ãöÓøöíßñ Ýóåóáú Úóáóíøó ÍóÑóÌñ Ãóäú ÃõØúÚöãó ãöäó ÇáøóÐöí áóåõ ÚöíóÇáóäóÇ¡ ÝóÞóÇáó áóåóÇ: «áóÇ ÅöáøóÇ ÈöÇáúãóÚúÑõæÝö»
æóáóãú íóÞõáú áóåóÇ: ÃóØúÚöãöíåöãú ÈöÇáúãóÚúÑõæÝö. æóÞóÏú ÌóÇÁó Úóáóì åóÐóÇ ÇáúãóÚúäóì
Þóæá ÇáäøÈíÁ Õóáøóì Çááåõ Úóáóíúåö æóÓóáøóãó æóãóäú åóãøó ÈöÓóíøöÆóÉò Ýóáóãú íóÚúãóáúåóÇ ßóÊóÈóåóÇ Çááøóåõ ÚöäúÏóåõ ÍóÓóäóÉð ßóÇãöáóÉð æóÅöäú åóãøó ÈöåóÇ ÝóÚóãöáóåóÇ ßóÊóÈóåóÇ Çááøóåõ ÓóíøöÆóÉð æóÇÍöÏóÉð»
ÝóÃóßøóÏóåóÇ ÈöæóÇÍöÏóÉò ÊóÍúÞöíÞðÇ áöÚóÏóãö ÇáÒøöíóÇÏóÉö Ýöí ÌóÒóÇÁö ÇáÓøóíøöÆóÉö.(8-Ã/196)
Þõáú Åöäøóäöí åóÏóÇäöí ÑóÈøöí Åöáóì ÕöÑóÇØò ãõÓúÊóÞöíãò ÏöíäðÇ ÞöíóãðÇ ãöáøóÉó ÅöÈúÑóÇåöíãó ÍóäöíÝðÇ æóãóÇ ßóÇäó ãöäó ÇáúãõÔúÑößöíäó (161)
æóáöÐóáößó ÃóÚúÞóÈóåõ ÈöÞóæúáöåö: æóåõãú áóÇ íõÙúáóãõæäó æóÇáÖøóãöíÑõ íóÚõæÏõ Åöáóì ãóäú ÌÇÁó ÈöÇáÓøóíøöÆóÉö.
ÅöÙúåóÇÑ áöáúÚóÏúáö¡ ÝóáöÐóáößó ÓóÌøóáó Çááøóåõ Úóáóíúåöãú ÈöÃóäøó åóÐóÇ áóÇ Ùõáúãó Ýöíåö áöíõäúÕöÝõæÇ ãöäú ÃóäúÝõÓöåöãú. æóÃóãøóÇ ÚóÏøõ ÚóæúÏö ÇáÖøóãöíÑóíúäö Åöáóì ÇáúÝóÑöíÞóíúäö ÝóáóÇ íõäóÇÓÈ ÝóÑöíÞõ ÃóÕúÍóÇÈö ÇáúÍóÓóäóÇÊö¡ áöÃóäøóåõ áóÇ íóÍúÓõäõ Ãóäú íõÞóÇáó áöáøóÐöí ÃõßúÑöãó æóÃõÝöíÖó Úóáóíúåö ÇáúÎóíúÑõ Åöäøóåõ ÛíÑ ãÙáæã.
[161]
[ÓõæÑóÉ ÇáúÃóäúÚóÇã (6) : ÂíóÉ 161]
Þõáú Åöäøóäöí åóÏÇäöí ÑóÈøöí Åöáì ÕöÑÇØò ãõÓúÊóÞöíãò ÏöíäÇð ÞöíóãÇð ãöáøóÉó ÅöÈúÑÇåöíãó ÍóäöíÝÇð æóãÇ ßÇäó ãöäó ÇáúãõÔúÑößöíäó (161)
ÇÓúÊöÆúäóÇÝñ ÇÈúÊöÏóÇÆöíøñ áöáöÇäúÊöÞóÇáö ãöäú ãõÌóÇÏóáóÉö ÇáúãõÔúÑößöíäó¡ æóãóÇ ÊóÎóáøóáóåóÇ¡ Åöáóì ÝóÐúáóßóÉö ãóÇ ÃõãöÑó Èöåö ÇáÑøÓæá Õóáøóì Çááåõ Úóáóíúåö æóÓóáøóãó Ýöí åóÐóÇ ÇáÔøóÃúäö¡ ÛóáúÞðÇ áöÈóÇÈö ÇáúãõÌóÇÏóáóÉö ãóÚó ÇáúãõÚúÑöÖöíäó¡ æóÅöÚúáóÇäðÇ ÈöÃóäøóåõ ÞóÏú ÊóÞóáøóÏó áöäóÝúÓöåö ãóÇ ßóÇäó íõÌóÇÏöáõåõãú Ýöíåö áöíóÊóÞóáøóÏõæåõ æóÃóäøóåõ ËóÇÈöÊñ Úóáóì ãóÇ ÌóÇÁóåõãú Èöåö¡ æóÃóäøó ÅöÚúÑóÇÖóåõãú áóÇ íõÒóáúÒöáõåõ Úóäö ÇáúÍóÞøö.
æóÝöíåö ÅöíÐóÇäñ ÈöÇäúÊöåóÇÁö ÇáÓøõæÑóÉö áöÃóäøó ÇáúæóÇÚöÙó æóÇáúãõäóÇÙöÑó ÅöÐóÇ ÃóÔúÈóÚó ÇáúßóáóÇãó Ýöí ÛóÑóÖöåö¡ Ëõãøó ÃóÎóÐó íõÈóíøöäõ ãóÇ ÑóÖöíóåõ áöäóÝúÓöåö æóãóÇ ÞóÑøó Úóáóíúåö ÞóÑóÇÑõåõ¡ Úóáöãó ÇáÓøóÇãöÚõ Ãóäøóåõ ÞóÏú ÃóÎóÐó íóØúæöí ÓöÌöáøó ÇáúãõÍóÇÌøóÉö¡ æóáöÐóáößó ÛóíøóÑó ÇáúÃõÓúáõæÈó. ÝóÃãÑ ÇáÑøÓæá Õóáøóì Çááåõ Úóáóíúåö æóÓóáøóãó ÈöÃóäú íóÞõæáó ÃóÔúíóÇÁó íõÚúáöäõ ÈöåóÇ ÃõÕõæáó Ïöíäöåö¡ æóÊóßóÑøóÑó ÇáúÃóãúÑõ ÈöÇáúÞóæúáö ËóáóÇËó ãóÑøóÇÊò ÊóäúæöíåðÇ ÈöÇáúãóÞõæáö.
æóÞóæúáõåõ: Åöäøóäöí åóÏÇäöí ÑóÈøöí ãõÊøóÕöáñ ÈöÞóæúáöåö: æóÃóäøó åóÐóÇ ÕöÑÇØöí ãõÓúÊóÞöíãÇð ÝóÇÊøóÈöÚõæåõ [ÇáúÃóäúÚóÇã: 153] ÇáøóÐöí Èóíøóäóåõ ÈöÞóæúáöåö: æóåÐÇ ßöÊÇÈñ ÃóäúÒóáúäÇåõ ãõÈÇÑóßñ [ÇáúÃóäúÚóÇã: 92] ÝóÒóÇÏóåõ ÈóíóÇäðÇ ÈöÞóæúáöåö åóÐóÇ: Þõáú Åöäøóäöí åóÏÇäöí ÑóÈøöí Åöáì ÕöÑÇØò ãõÓúÊóÞöíãò¡ áöíõÈóíøöäó Ãóäøó åóÐóÇ ÇáÏøöíäó ÅöäøóãóÇ ÌóÇÁó Èöåö ÇáÑøÓæá Õóáøóì Çááåõ Úóáóíúåö æóÓóáøóãó ÈöåóÏúíò(8-Ã/197)
ãöäó Çááøóåö¡ æóÃóäøóåõ ÌóÚóáóåõ ÏöíäðÇ ÞóíøöãðÇ Úóáóì ÞóæóÇÚöÏö ãöáøóÉö ÅöÈúÑóÇåöíãó Úóáóíúåö ÇáÓøóáóÇãõ¡ ÅöáøóÇ Ãóäøóåõ ÒóÇÆöÏ Úóáóíúåö ÈöãóÇ ÊóÖóãøóäóåõ ãöäú äöÚúãóÉö Çááøóåö Úóáóíúåö ÅöÐú åóÏóÇåõ Åöáóì Ðóáößó ÇáÕøöÑóÇØö ÇáøóÐöí åõæó ÓóÈöíáõ ÇáäøóÌóÇÉö. æóÇÝúÊõÊöÍó ÇáúÎóÈóÑõ ÈöÍóÑúÝö ÇáÊøóÃúßöíÏö áöÃóäøó ÇáúÎöØóÇÈó áöáúãõÔúÑößöíäó ÇáúãõßóÐøöÈöíäó.
æóÊóÚúÑöíÝõ ÇáúãõÓúäóÏö Åöáóíúåö ÈöÇáúÅöÖóÇÝóÉö áöáöÇÚúÊöÒóÇÒö ÈãÑÈæÈíÉ ÇáÑøÓæá Õóáøóì Çááåõ Úóáóíúåö æóÓóáøóãó áöáøóåö ÊóÚóÇáóì¡ æóÊóÚúÑöíÖðÇ ÈöÇáúãõÔúÑößöíäó ÇáøóÐöíäó ÃóÖóáøóåõãú ÃóÑúÈóÇÈõåõãú¡ æóáóæú æóÍøóÏõæÇ ÇáÑøóÈøó ÇáúÍóÞöíÞó ÈöÇáúÚöÈóÇÏóÉö áóåóÏóÇåõãú.
æóÞóæúáõåõ: åóÏÇäöí ÑóÈøöí Åöáì ÕöÑÇØò ãõÓúÊóÞöíãò ÊóãúËöíáöíøóÉñ: ÔóÈøóåóÊú åóíúÆóÉó ÇáúÅöÑúÔóÇÏö Åöáóì ÇáÍÞø ÇáãÈáøÛ Åöáóì ÇáäøÌÇÉ ÈöåóíúÆóÉö ãóäú íóÏõáøõ ÇáÓøóÇÆöÑó Úóáóì ÇáØøóÑöíÞö ÇáúãõÈóáøöÛóÉö áöáúãóÞúÕõæÏö.
æóÇáúãõäóÇÓóÈóÉõ Èóíúäó ÇáúåöÏóÇíóÉö æóÈóíúäó ÇáÕøöÑóÇØö ÊóÇãøóÉñ¡ áöÃóäøó ÍóÞöíÞóÉ ÇáúåöÏóÇíóÉ ÇáÊøÚÑíÝ ÈöÇáØøóÑöíÞö¡ íõÞóÇáõ: åõæó åóÇÏò ÎöÑøöíÊñ¡ æóÍóÞöíÞóÉõ ÇáÕøöÑóÇØö ÇáØøóÑöíÞõ ÇáúæóÇÓöÚóÉõ. æóÞóÏú ÕóÍøó Ãóäú ÊõÓúÊóÚóÇÑó ÇáúåöÏóÇíóÉõ áöáúÅöÑúÔóÇÏö æóÇáÊøóÚúáöíãö¡ æóÇáÕøöÑóÇØõ áöáÏøöíäö ÇáúÞóæöíãö¡ ÝóßóÇäó ÊóÔúÈöíåðÇ ãõÑóßøóÈðÇ ÞóÇÈöáðÇ áöáÊøóÝúßöíßö æóåõæó Ãóßúãóáõ ÃóÍúæóÇáö ÇáÊøóãúËöíáöíøóÉö.
æóæõÕöÝó ÇáÕøöÑóÇØõ ÈöÇáúãõÓúÊóÞöíãö¡ Ãóíö ÇáøóÐöí áóÇ ÎóØóÃó Ýöíåö æóáóÇ ÝóÓóÇÏó¡ æóÞóÏú ÊóÞóÏøóãó ÚöäúÏó Þóæúáöåö ÊóÚóÇáóì: æóÃóäøó åóÐóÇ ÕöÑÇØöí ãõÓúÊóÞöíãÇð ÝóÇÊøóÈöÚõæåõ [ÇáúÃóäúÚóÇã: 153] ¡ æóÇáúãóÞúÕõæÏõ ÅöÊúãóÇãõ åóíúÆóÉö ÇáÊøóÔúÈöíåö ÈöÃóäøóåõ Ïöíäñ áóÇ íóÊóØóÑøóÞõ ãõÊøóÈöÚóåõ Ôóßøñ Ýöí äóÝúÚöåö ßóãóÇ áóÇ íóÊóÑóÏøóÏõ ÓóÇáößõ ÇáØøóÑöíÞö ÇáúæóÇÓöÚóÉö ÇáøóÊöí áóÇ ÇäúÚöØóÇÝó ÝöíåóÇ æóáóÇ íóÊóÍóíøóÑõ Ýöí ÃóãúÑöåö.
æóÝöí Þóæúáöåö: ÏöíäÇð ÊóÌúÑöíÏñ áöáöÇÓúÊöÚóÇÑóÉö ãõÄúÐöäñ ÈöÇáúãõÔóÈøóåö¡ æóÇäúÊóÕóÈó Úóáóì ÇáúÍóÇáö ãöäú:
ÕöÑÇØò áöÃóäøóåõ äóßöÑóÉñ ãóæúÕõæÝóÉñ.
æóÇáÏøöíäõ ÊóÞóÏøóãó ÚöäúÏó Þóæúáöåö ÊóÚóÇáóì: Åöäøó ÇáÏøöíäó ÚöäúÏó Çááøóåö ÇáúÅöÓúáÇãõ [Âá ÚãÑóÇä: 19] æóåõæó ÇáÓøöíÑóÉõ ÇáøóÊöí íóÊøóÈöÚõåóÇ ÇáäøóÇÓõ.(8-Ã/198)
æóÇáúÞóíøöãõ- ÈöÝóÊúÍö ÇáúÞóÇÝö æóÊóÔúÏöíÏö ÇáúíóÇÁö- ßóãóÇ ÞóÑóÃóåõ äóÇÝöÚñ¡ æóÇÈúäõ ßóËöíÑò¡ æóÃóÈõæ ÚóãúÑòæ¡ æóÃóÈõæ ÌóÚúÝóÑò¡ æóíóÚúÞõæÈõ: æóÕúÝõ ãõÈóÇáóÛóÉò ÞóÇÆöãñ ÈöãóÚúäóì ãõÚúÊóÏöáò ÛóíúÑö ãõÚúæóÌøò¡ æóÅöØúáóÇÞõ ÇáúÞöíóÇãö Úóáóì ÇáöÇÚúÊöÏóÇáö æóÇáöÇÓúÊöÞóÇãóÉö ãóÌóÇÒñ¡ áöÃóäøó ÇáúãóÑúÁó ÅöÐóÇ ÞóÇãó ÇÚúÊóÏóáóÊú ÞóÇãóÊõåõ¡ ÝóíóáúÒóãõ ÇáöÇÚúÊöÏóÇáõ ÇáúÞöíóÇãó.
æóÇáúÃóÍúÓóäõ Ãóäú äóÌúÚóáó ÇáúÞóíøöãó áöáúãõÈóÇáóÛóÉö Ýöí ÇáúÞíÇã ÈöÇáúÃóãÑ¡ æóåõæó ãõÑóÇÏöÝõ ÇáúÞóíøõæãö¡ ÝóíõÓúÊóÚóÇÑõ ÇáúÞöíóÇãõ áöáúßöÝóÇíóÉö ÈöãóÇ íóÍúÊóÇÌõ Åöáóíúåö æóÇáúæóÝóÇÁõ ÈöãóÇ Ýöíåö ÕóáóÇÍõ ÇáúãõÞóæøóãö Úóáóíúåö¡ ÝóÇáúÅöÓúáóÇãõ Þóíøöãñ ÈöÇáúÃõãøóÉö æóÍóÇÌóÊöåóÇ¡ íõÞóÇáõ: ÝõáóÇäñ Þóíøöãñ Úóáóì ßóÐóÇ¡ ÈöãóÚúäóì ãõÏóÈøöÑñ áóåõ æóãõÕúáöÍñ¡ æóãöäúåõ æõÕöÝó Çááøóåõ ÊóÚóÇáóì ÈöÇáúÞóíøõæãö¡ æóåóÐóÇ ÃóÍúÓóäõ áöÃóäøó Ýöíåö ÒöíóÇÏóÉð Úóáóì ãõÝóÇÏö ãõÓúÊóÞöíãò ÇáøóÐöí ÃóÎóÐó ÌõÒúÁðÇ ãöäó ÇáÊøóãúËöíáöíøóÉö¡ ÝóáóÇ Êóßõæäõ ÅöÚóÇÏóÉð áöÈóÚúÖö ÇáÊøóÔúÈöíåö.
æóÞóÑóÃó ÚóÇÕöãñ¡ æóÍóãúÒóÉõ¡ æóÇÈúäõ ÚóÇãöÑò¡ æóÇáúßöÓóÇÆöíøõ¡ æóÎóáóÝñ: ÞöíóãÇð- ÈößóÓúÑö ÇáúÞóÇÝö æóÝóÊúÍö ÇáúíóÇÁö ãõÎóÝøóÝóÉð- æóåõæó ãöäú ÕöíóÛö ãóÕóÇÏöÑö ÞóÇãó¡ Ýóåõæó æóÕúÝñ áöáÏøöíäö ÈöãóÕúÏóÑö ÇáúÞöíóÇãö ÇáúãóÞúÕõæÏö Èöåö ßöÝóÇíóÉõ ÇáúãóÕúáóÍóÉö áöáúãõÈóÇáóÛóÉö¡ æóåóÐöåö ÒöäóÉñ ÞóáöíáóÉñ Ýöí ÇáúãóÕóÇÏöÑö¡ æóÞóáúÈõ æóÇæöåö íóÇÁð ÈóÚúÏó ÇáúßóÓúÑóÉö Úóáóì ÛóíúÑö ÇáúÛóÇáöÈö: áöÃóäøó ÇáúÛóÇáöÈó Ýöíåö ÊóÕúÍöíÍõ áóÇãöåö áöÃóäøóåóÇ ãóÝúÊõæÍóÉñ¡ ÝóÓóæóÇÁñ Ýöí ÎöÝøóÊöåóÇ æõÞõæÚõåóÇ Úóáóì ÇáúæóÇæö Ãóæú Úóáóì ÇáúíóÇÁö¡ ãöËúáó ÚöæóÖò æóÍöæóáò¡ æóåóÐóÇ ßóÔõÐõæÐö ÌöíóÇÏò ÌóãúÚö ÌóæóÇÏò¡ æóÇäúÊóÕóÈó ÞöíóãÇð Úóáóì ÇáúæóÕúÝö áö ÏöíäÇð.
æóÞóæúáõåõ: ãöáøóÉó ÅöÈúÑÇåöíãó ÍóÇáñ ãöäú: ÏöíäÇð Ãóæú ãöäú: ÕöÑÇØò ãõÓúÊóÞöíãò Ãóæú ÚØÝ ÈóíóÇä Úáì ÏöíäÇð.
æÇáãáøÉ¡ ÇáÏøíä: Ýóåöíó ãõÑóÇÏöÝóÉõ ÇáÏøöíäö¡ ÝóÇáÊøóÚúÈöíÑõ ÈöåóÇ åõäóÇ áöáÊøóÝóäøõäö ÃóáóÇ ÊóÑóì Åöáóì Þóæúáöåö ÊóÚóÇáóì:
æóæóÕøóì ÈöåÇ ÅöÈúÑÇåöíãõ Èóäöíåö æóíóÚúÞõæÈõ íóÇ Èóäöíøó Åöäøó Çááøóåó ÇÕúØóÝì áóßõãõ ÇáÏøöíäó [ÇáúÈóÞóÑóÉ: 132] .
æãöáøóÉó ÝöÚúáóÉñ ÈöãóÚúäóì ÇáúãóÝúÚõæáö¡ Ãóíö Çáúãóãúáõæáö¡ ãöäú ÃóãúáóáúÊõ ÇáúßöÊóÇÈó ÅöÐóÇ áóÞøóäúÊõ ÇáúßóÇÊöÈó ãóÇ íóßúÊõÈõ¡ æóßóÇäó ÍóÞøõåóÇ Ãóäú áóÇ ÊóÞúÊóÑöäó ÈöåóÇÁö ÇáÊøóÃúäöíËö áöÃóäøó ÒöäóÉó (ÝöÚúáò) ÈöãóÚúäóì ÇáúãóÝúÚõæáö ÊóáúÒóãõ ÇáÊøóÐúßöíÑó¡ ßóÇáÐøóÈúÍö¡ ÅöáøóÇ Ãóäøóåõãú(8-Ã/199)
Þõáú Åöäøó ÕóáóÇÊöí æóäõÓõßöí æóãóÍúíóÇíó æóãóãóÇÊöí áöáøóåö ÑóÈøö ÇáúÚóÇáóãöíäó (162) áóÇ ÔóÑöíßó áóåõ æóÈöÐóáößó ÃõãöÑúÊõ æóÃóäóÇ Ãóæøóáõ ÇáúãõÓúáöãöíäó (163)
ÞóÑóäõæåóÇ ÈóåóÇÁö ÇáÊøóÃúäöíËö áóãøóÇ ÕóíøóÑõæåóÇ ÇÓúãðÇ áöáÏøöíäö¡ æóáöÐóáößó ÞóÇáó ÇáÑøóÇÛöÈõ: ÇáúãöáøóÉõ ßóÇáÏøöíäö¡ Ëõãøó ÞóÇáó: «æóÇáúÝóÑúÞõ ÈóíúäóåóÇ æóÈóíúäó ÇáÏøöíäö Ãóäøó ÇáúãöáøóÉó áóÇ ÊõÖóÇÝõ ÅöáøóÇ Åöáóì ÇáäøóÈöíÁö ÇáøóÐöí ÊõÓúäóÏõ Åöáóíúåö äóÍúæó ãöáøóÉö ÅöÈúÑóÇåöíãó¡ ãöáøóÉö ÂÈóÇÆöí¡ æóáóÇ ÊõæÌóÏõ ãõÖóÇÝóÉð Åöáóì Çááøóåö æóáóÇ Åöáóì ÂÍóÇÏ ÇáúÃõãøóÉö¡ æóáóÇ ÊõÓúÊóÚúãóáõ ÅöáøóÇ Ýöí ÌõãúáóÉö ÇáÔøóÑöíÚóÉö Ïõæäó ÂÍóÇÏöåóÇ áóÇ íõÞóÇáõ ÇáÕøóáóÇÉõ ãöáøóÉõ Çááøóåö» Ãóíú æóíõÞóÇáõ: ÇáÕøóáóÇÉõ Ïöíäõ Çááøóåö Ðóáößó Ãóäøóåõ íõÑóÇÚóì Ýöí áóÝúÙö ÇáãáøÉ ÃäøåÇ ããáæá ãöäó Çááøóåö Ýóåöíó ÊõÖóÇÝõ áöáøóÐöí ÃõãöáøóÊú Úóáóíúåö.
æóãóÚúäóì ßóæúäö ÇáúÅöÓúáóÇãö ãöáøóÉó ÅöÈúÑóÇåöíãó: Ãóäøóåõ ÌóÇÁó ÈöÇáúÃõÕõæáö ÇáøóÊöí åöíó ÔóÑöíÚóÉõ ÅöÈúÑóÇåöíãó æóåöíó:
ÇáÊøóæúÍöíÏõ¡ æóãõÓóÇíóÑóÉõ ÇáúÝöØúÑóÉö¡ æóÇáÔøõßúÑõ¡ æóÇáÓøóãóÇÍóÉõ¡ æóÅöÚúáóÇäõ ÇáúÍóÞøö¡ æóÞóÏú ÈóíøóäúÊõ Ðóáößó ÚöäúÏó Þóæúáöåö
ÊóÚóÇáóì: ãóÇ ßÇäó ÅöÈúÑÇåöíãõ íóåõæÏöíøðÇ æóáÇ äóÕúÑÇäöíøðÇ æóáßöäú ßÇäó ÍóäöíÝÇð ãõÓúáöãÇð Ýöí ÓõæÑóÉö Âáö ÚöãúÑóÇäó [67] .
æóÇáúÍóäöíÝõ: ÇáúãõÌóÇäöÈõ áöáúÈóÇØöáö¡ Ýóåõæó ÈöãóÚúäóì ÇáúãõåúÊóÏöí¡ æóÞóÏú ÊóÞóÏøóãó ÚöäúÏó Þóæúáöåö ÊóÚóÇáóì: Þõáú Èóáú ãöáøóÉó ÅöÈúÑÇåöíãó ÍóäöíÝÇð æóãÇ ßÇäó ãöäó ÇáúãõÔúÑößöíäó Ýöí ÓõæÑóÉö ÇáúÈóÞóÑóÉö [135] . æóåõæó ãóäúÕõæÈñ Úóáóì ÇáúÍóÇáö.
æóÌõãúáóÉõ: æóãÇ ßÇäó ãöäó ÇáúãõÔúÑößöíäó ÚóØúÝñ Úóáóì ÇáúÍóÇáö ãöäú ÅöÈúÑÇåöíãó Úóáóíúåö ÇáÓøóáóÇãõ ÇáúãõÖóÇÝö Åöáóíúåö¡ áöÃóäøó ÇáúãõÖóÇÝó åõäóÇ ßóÇáúÌóÒóÇÁö ãöäó ÇáúãõÖóÇÝö Åöáóíúåö¡ æóÞóÏú ÊóÞóÏøóãó Ýöí ÂíóÉö ÓõæÑóÉ ÇáúÈóÞóÑóÉ.
[162¡ 163]
[ÓõæÑóÉ ÇáúÃóäúÚóÇã (6) : ÇáúÂíóÇÊ 162 Åöáóì 163]
Þõáú Åöäøó ÕóáÇÊöí æóäõÓõßöí æóãóÍúíÇíó æóãóãÇÊöí áöáøóåö ÑóÈøö ÇáúÚÇáóãöíäó (162) áóÇ ÔóÑöíßó áóåõ æóÈöÐáößó ÃõãöÑúÊõ æóÃóäóÇ Ãóæøóáõ ÇáúãõÓúáöãöíäó (163)
ÇÓúÊöÆúäóÇÝñ ÃóíúÖðÇ¡ íóÊóäóÒøóáõ ãóäúÒöáóÉó ÇáÊøóÝúÑöíÚö Úóäö ÇáúÃóæøóáö¡ ÅöáøóÇ Ãóäøóåõ ÇÓúÊõÄúäöÝó áöáúÅöÔóÇÑóÉö Åöáóì Ãóäøóåõ ÛóÑóÖñ ãõÓúÊóÞöáøñ ãõåöãøñ Ýöí ÐóÇÊöåö¡ æóÅöäú ßóÇäó ãõÊóÝóÑøöÚðÇ Úóäú ÛóíúÑöåö¡ æóÍóÇÕöáõ ãóÇ ÊóÖóãøóäóåõ åõæó ÇáúÅöÎúáóÇÕõ áöáøóåö Ýöí ÇáúÚöÈóÇÏóÉö¡ æóåõæó ãõÊóÝóÑøöÚñ Úóäö ÇáÊøóæúÍöíÏö¡(8-Ã/200)
æóáöÐóáößó Þöíáó: ÇáÑøöíóÇÁõ ÇáÔøöÑúßõ ÇáúÃóÕúÛóÑõ. Úáøã ÇáÑøÓæá Õóáøóì Çááåõ Úóáóíúåö æóÓóáøóãó Ãóäú íóÞõæáóåõ ÚóÞöÈó ãóÇ Úõáøöãóåõ ÈöãóÇ ÐõßöÑó ÞóÈúáóåõ áöÃóäøó ÇáúãóÐúßõæÑó åõäóÇ íóÊóÖóãøóäõ ãóÚúäóì ÇáÔøõßúÑö áöáøóåö Úóáóì äöÚúãóÉö ÇáúåöÏóÇíóÉö Åöáóì ÇáÕøöÑóÇØö ÇáúãõÓúÊóÞöíãö¡ ÝóÅöäøóåõ åóÏóÇåõ Ëõãøó Ãóáúåóãóåõ ÇáÔøõßúÑó Úóáóì ÇáúåöÏóÇíóÉö ÈöÃóäú íóÌúÚóáó ÌóãöíÚó ØóÇÚóÊöåö æóÚöÈóÇÏóÊöåö áöáøóåö ÊóÚóÇáóì. æóÃõÚöíÏó ÇáúÃóãúÑõ ÈöÇáúÞóæúáö áöãóÇ ÚóáöãúÊó ÂäöÝðÇ.
æóÇÝúÊõÊöÍóÊú ÌõãúáóÉõ ÇáúãóÞõæáö ÈöÍóÑúÝö ÇáÊøóæúßöíÏö áöáöÇåúÊöãóÇãö ÈöÇáúÎóÈóÑö æóáöÊóÍúÞöíÞöåö¡ Ãóæú áöÃóäøó ÇáúãõÔúÑößöíäó ßóÇäõæÇ íóÒúÚõãõæäó Ãóäøó ÇáÑøóÓõæáó Úóáóíúåö ÇáÕøóáóÇÉõ æóÇáÓøóáóÇãõ ßóÇäó íõÑóÇÆöí ÈöÕóáóÇÊöåö¡ ÝóÞóÏú ÞóÇáó ÈóÚúÖõ ÇáúãõÔúÑößöíäó áóãøóÇ ÑóÃóì ÑóÓõæá Çááå Õóáøóì Çááåõ Úóáóíúåö æóÓóáøóãó íõÕóáøöí ÚöäúÏó ÇáúßóÚúÈóÉö: «ÃóáóÇ ÊóäúÙõÑõæäó Åöáóì åóÐóÇ ÇáúãõÑóÇÆöí Ãóíøõßõãú íóÞõæãõ Åöáóì ÌóÒõæÑö Èóäöí ÝõáóÇäò ÝóíóÚúãöÏõ Åöáóì ÝóÑúËöåóÇ æóÓóáóÇåóÇ ÝóÅöÐóÇ ÓóÌóÏó æóÖóÚóåõ Èóíúäó ßóÊöÝóíúåö» . ÝóÊóßõæäõ (Åöäøó) Úóáóì åóÐóÇ áöÑóÏøö ÇáÔøóßøö.
æóÇááøóÇãõ Ýöí áöáøóåö íóÌõæÒõ Ãóäú Êóßõæäó áöáúãöáúßö¡ Ãóíú åöíó ÈöÊóíúÓöíÑö Çááøóåö Ýóíóßõæäõ ÈóíóÇäðÇ áöÞóæúáöåö:
Åöäøóäöí åóÏÇäöí ÑóÈøöí Åöáì ÕöÑÇØò ãõÓúÊóÞöíãò [ÇáúÃóäúÚóÇã: 161] . æóíóÌõæÒõ Ãóäú Êóßõæäó ÇááøóÇãõ áöáÊøóÚúáöíáö Ãóíú áöÃóÌúáö Çááøóåö.
æóÌÚá ÕóáóÇÊóåõ áöáøóåö Ïõæäó ÛóíúÑöåö ÊóÚúÑöíÖðÇ ÈöÇáúãõÔúÑößöíäó ÅöÐú ßóÇäõæÇ íóÓúÌõÏõæäó áöáúÃóÕúäóÇãö. æóáöÐóáößó ÃóÑúÏóÝó ÈöÌõãúáóÉö áóÇ ÔóÑöíßó áóåõ.
æóÇáäøõÓõßõ ÍóÞöíÞóÊõåõ ÇáúÚöÈóÇÏóÉõ æóãöäúåõ íõÓóãøóì ÇáúÚóÇÈöÏõ ÇáäøóÇÓößõ.
æóÇáúãóÍúíóÇ æóÇáúãóãóÇÊõ íõÓúÊóÚúãóáóÇäö ãóÕúÏóÑóíúäö ãöíãöíøóíúäö¡ æóíõÓúÊóÚúãóáóÇäö ÇÓúãóíú ÒóãóÇäò¡ ãöäú Íóíöíó æóãóÇÊó¡ æóÇáúãóÚúäóíóÇäö ãõÍúÊóãóáóÇäö ÝóÅöÐóÇ ßóÇäó ÇáúãõÑóÇÏõ ãöäó ÇáúãóÍúíóÇ æóÇáúãóãóÇÊö ÇáúãóÚúäóì ÇáúãóÕúÏóÑöíøó ßóÇäó ÇáúãóÚúäóì Úóáóì ÍóÐúÝö ãõÖóÇÝò ÊóÞúÏöíÑõåõ: ÃóÚúãóÇáõ ÇáúãóÍúíóÇ æóÃóÚúãóÇáõ ÇáúãóãóÇÊö¡ Ãóíö ÇáúÃóÚúãóÇáõ ÇáøóÊöí ãöäú ÔóÃúäöåóÇ Ãóäú íóÊóáóÈøóÓó ÈöåóÇ ÇáúãóÑúÁõ ãóÚó ÍóíóÇÊöåö¡ æóãóÚó æóÞÊ ããÇÊå. æóÅöÐÇ ßóÇäó ÇáúãõÑóÇÏõ ãöäúåõãóÇ ÇáúãóÚúäóì ÇáÒøóãóäöíøó ßóÇäó ÇáúãóÚúäóì ãóÇ íóÚúÊóÑöíåö Ýöí ÇáúÍóíóÇÉö æóÈóÚúÏó ÇáúãóãóÇÊö.(8-Ã/201)
Ëõãøó Åöäøó ÃóÚúãóÇáó ÇáúÍóíóÇÉö ßóËöíÑóÉñ æóÝöíÑóÉñ¡ æóÃóãøóÇ ÇáúÃóÚúãóÇáõ ÚöäúÏó ÇáúãóæúÊö Ýóåöíó ãóÇ ßóÇäó Úóáóíúåö Ýöí ãõÏøóÉö ÇáúÍóíóÇÉö æóËóÈóÇÊöåö Úóáóíúåö¡ áöÃóäøó ÍóÇáóÉó ÇáúãóæúÊö Ãóæú ãóÏøóÊóåõ åöíó ÇáúÍóÇáóÉõ Ãóæö ÇáãÏøÉ ÇáøóÊöí ÊäúÞóáÈ ÝöíåóÇ ÃóÍúæóÇáõ ÇáúÌöÓúãö Åöáóì ÕöÝóÉò ÊõÄúÐöäõ ÈöÞõÑúÈö ÇäúÊöåóÇÁö ãõÏøóÉö ÇáúÍóíóÇÉö æóÊöáúßó ÍóÇáóÉõ ÇáöÇÍúÊöÖóÇÑö¡ æóÊöáúßó ÇáúÍóÇáóÉõ ÞóÏú ÊõÄóËøöÑõ ÇäúÞöáóÇÈðÇ Ýöí ÇáúÝößúÑö Ãóæö ÇÓúÊöÚúÌóÇáðÇ ÈöãóÇ áóãú íóßõäú íõÓúÊóÚúÌóáõ Èöåö ÇáúÍóíøõ¡ ÝóÑõÈøóãóÇ ÕóÏóÑóÊú Úóäú ÕóÇÍöÈöåóÇ ÃóÚúãóÇáñ áóãú íóßõäú íõÕúÏöÑõåóÇ Ýöí ãõÏøóÉö ÇáÕøöÍøóÉö¡ ÇÊøöÞóÇÁð Ãóæú ÍóíóÇÁð Ãóæú ÌóáúÈðÇ áöäóÝúÚò¡ ÝóíõÑóì Ãóäøóåõ ÞóÏú íóÆöÓó ãöãøóÇ ßóÇäó íõÑóÇÚöíåö¡ ÝóíóÝúÚóáõ ãóÇ áóãú íóßõäú íóÝúÚóáõ¡ æóÃóíúÖðÇ áÊöáúß ÇáúÍóÇáÉ ÔÄæä ÎóÇÕøóÉñ ÊóÞóÚõ ÚöäúÏóåóÇ Ýöí ÇáúÚóÇÏóÉö ãöËúáó ÇáúæóÕöíøóÉö¡ æóåóÐöåö ßõáøõåóÇ ãöäú ÃóÍúæóÇáö ÂÎöÑö ÇáúÍóíóÇÉö¡ æóáóßöäøóåóÇ ÊõÖóÇÝõ Åöáóì ÇáúãóæúÊö áöæõÞõæÚöåóÇ ÈöÞõÑúÈöåö¡ æóÈöåóÐóÇ íóßõæäõ ÐößúÑõ ÇáúãóãóÇÊö ãóÞúÕõæÏðÇ ãöäúåõ ÇÓúÊöíÚóÇÈõ ÌóãöíÚö ãõÏøóÉö ÇáúÍóíóÇÉö ÍóÊøóì Òóãóäö ÇáúÅöÔúÑóÇÝö Úóáóì ÇáúãóæúÊö.
æóíóÌõæÒõ Ãóäú íóßõæäó ÇáúãõÑóÇÏõ ãöäó ÇáúãóãóÇÊö ãóÇ íóÍúÕõáõ áöáÑøóÓõæáö Úóáóíúåö ÇáÕøóáóÇÉõ æóÇáÓøóáóÇãõ ÈóÚúÏó æóÝóÇÊöåö ãöäú ÊóæóÌøõåóÇÊöåö ÇáÑøõæÍöíøóÉö äóÍúæó ÃõãøóÊöåö ÈöÇáÏøõÚóÇÁö áóåõãú æóÇáÊøóÓúáöíãö Úóáóì ãóäú Óóáøóãó Úóáóíúåö ãöäúåõãú æóÇáÙøõåõæÑö áöÎóÇÕøóÉö ÃõãøóÊöåö Ýöí ÇáúãóäóÇãö ÝóÅöäøó áöáÑøóÓõæáö ÈóÚúÏó ãóãóÇÊöåö ÃóÍúßóÇãó ÇáúÍóíóÇÉö ÇáÑøõæÍöíøóÉö ÇáúßóÇãöáóÉö ßóãóÇ
æóÑóÏó Ýöí ÇáúÍóÏöíËö: «ÅöÐóÇ Óóáøóãó Úóáóíøó ÃóÍóÏñ ãöäú ÃõãøóÊöí ÑóÏøó Çááøóåõ Úóáóíøó ÑõæÍöí ÝóÑóÏóÏúÊõ Úóáóíúåö ÇáÓøóáóÇãó»
æóßóÐóáößó ÃóÚúãóÇáõåõ Ýöí ÇáúÍóÔúÑö ãöäó ÇáÔøóÝóÇÚóÉö ÇáúÚóÇãøóÉö æóÇáÓøõÌõæÏö áöáøóåö Ýöí ÚóÑóÕóÇÊö ÇáúÞöíóÇãóÉö ÝóÊöáúßó ÃóÚúãóÇáñ ÎóÇÕøóÉ Èöåö Õóáøóì Çááåõ Úóáóíúåö æóÓóáøóãó æóåöíó ßõáøõåóÇ áöáøóåö ÊóÚóÇáóì áöÃóäøóåóÇ áöäóÝúÚö ÚóÈöíÏöåö Ãóæú áöäóÝúÚö ÃóÊúÈóÇÚö Ïöíäöåö ÇáøóÐöí ÇÑúÊóÖóÇåõ áóåõãú¡ Ýóíóßõæäõ Þóæúáõåõ: æóãóãÇÊöí åõäóÇ äóÇÙöÑðÇ Åöáóì Þóæúáöåö
Ýöí ÇáúÍóÏöíËö: «ÍóíóÇÊöí ÎóíúÑñ áóßõãú æóãóãóÇÊöí ÎóíúÑñ áóßõãú»
. æóíóÌõæÒõ Ãóäú íóßõæäó ãóÚúäóì ãóãóÇÊöåö áöáøóåö ÇáÔøóåóÇÏóÉó Ýöí ÓóÈöíáö Çááøóåö ÝóÅöäøó ÑóÓõæáó Çááøóåö Õóáøóì Çááåõ Úóáóíúåö æóÓóáøóãó ÓóãøóÊúåõ ÇáúíóåõæÏöíøóÉõ ÈöÎóíúÈóÑó Ýöí áóÍúãö ÔóÇÉò ÃóØúÚóãõæåõ ÅöíøóÇåõ ÍóÕóáó ÈóÚúÖñ ãöäúåõ Ýöí ÃãÚÇÆå.
ÝóÝöí ÇáúÍóÏöíËö (1)
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«ãóÇ
ÒóÇáóÊú ÃõßúáóÉõ ÎóíúÈóÑó ÊóÚúÊóÇÏõäöí ßõáøó ÚóÇãò ÍóÊøóì ßóÇäó åóÐóÇ ÃóæóÇäó ÞóØúÚö ÃóÈúåóÑöí»
(1) .
æóÈöÞóæúáöåö: æóãóÍúíÇíó æóãóãÇÊöí áöáøóåö ÑóÈøö ÇáúÚÇáóãöíäó ÊóÍóÞøóÞó ãóÚúäóì ÇáúÅöÓúáóÇãö ÇáøóÐöí ÃóÕúáõåõ ÇáúÅöáúÞóÇÁõ ÈöÇáäøóÝúÓö Åöáóì ÇáúãõÓúáóãö áóåõ¡ æóåõæó ÇáúãóÚúäóì ÇáøóÐöí ÇÞúÊóÖóÇåõ Þóæúáõåõ: ÝóÞõáú ÃóÓúáóãúÊõ æóÌúåöíó áöáøóåö æóãóäö ÇÊøóÈóÚóäö ßóãóÇ ÊóÞóÏøóãó Ýöí ÓõæÑóÉö Âáö ÚöãúÑóÇäó [20] ¡ æóåõæó ãóÚúäóì ÇáúÍóäöíÝöíøóÉö ÇáøóÐöí ÍóßóÇåõ Çááøóåõ ÊóÚóÇáóì Úóäú ÅöÈúÑóÇåöíãó Úóáóíúåö ÇáÓøóáóÇãõ Ýöí Þóæúáöåö: ÅöÐú ÞÇáó áóåõ ÑóÈøõåõ ÃóÓúáöãú ÞÇáó ÃóÓúáóãúÊõ áöÑóÈøö ÇáúÚÇáóãöíäó ßóãóÇ Ýöí ÓõæÑóÉö ÇáúÈóÞóÑóÉö [131] .
æóÞóæúáõåõ: ÑóÈøö ÇáúÚÇáóãöíäó ÕöÝóÉñ ÊõÔöíÑõ Åöáóì ÓóÈóÈö ÇÓúÊöÍúÞóÇÞöåö Ãóäú íóßõæäó Úóãóáõ ãóÎúáõæÞóÇÊöåö áóåõ áóÇ áÛíÑå¡ áÃäø ÛóíÑå áóíúÓó áóåõ Úóáóíúåöãú äöÚúãóÉõ ÇáúÅöíÌóÇÏö¡ ßóãóÇ ÃóÔóÇÑó Åöáóíúåö Þóæúáõåõ Ýöí Ãóæøóáö ÇáÓøõæÑóÉö [1] :
ÇáúÍóãúÏõ áöáøóåö ÇáøóÐöí ÎóáóÞó ÇáÓøóãÇæÇÊö æóÇáúÃóÑúÖó æóÌóÚóáó ÇáÙøõáõãÇÊö æóÇáäøõæÑó Ëõãøó ÇáøóÐöíäó ßóÝóÑõæÇ ÈöÑóÈøöåöãú íóÚúÏöáõæäó.
æóÌõãúáóÉõ: áóÇ ÔóÑöíßó áóåõ ÍóÇáñ ãöäö ÇÓúãö ÇáúÌóáóÇáóÉö ãõÕóÑøöÍóÉñ ÈöãóÇ ÃóÝóÇÏóåõ ÌóãúÚõ ÇáÊøóæúßöíÏö ãóÚó áóÇãö Çáúãöáúßö ãöäú ÅöÝóÇÏóÉö ÇáúÞóÕúÑö. æóÇáúãóÞúÕõæÏõ ãöäó ÇáÕøöÝóÉö æóÇáúÍóÇáö ÇáÑøóÏøõ Úóáóì ÇáúãõÔúÑößöíäó ÈöÃóäøóåõãú ãóÇ ÃóÎúáóÕõæÇ Úóãóáóåõãú áöáøóÐöí ÎóáóÞóåõãú¡ æóÈöÃóäøóåõãú ÃóÔúÑóßõæÇ ãóÚóåõ ÛóíúÑóåõ Ýöí ÇáúÅöáóåöíøóÉö.
æóÞóÑóÃó äóÇÝöÚñ: æóãóÍúíÇíó- ÈöÓõßõæäö ÇáúíóÇÁö ÇáËøÇäíÉ- ÅöÌúÑóÇÁ ááæÕá ãóÌúÑóì ÇáúæóÞúÝö æóåõæó äóÇÏöÑñ Ýöí ÇáäøóËúÑö¡ æóÇáÑøöæóÇíóÉõ Úóäú äóÇÝöÚò ÃóËúÈóÊóÊúåõ Ýöí åóÐöåö ÇáúÂíóÉö¡ æóãóÚúáõæãñ Ãóäøó ÇáäøõÏúÑóÉó áóÇ ÊõäóÇßöÏõ ÇáúÝóÕóÇÍóÉö æóáóÇ íóÑöíÈõßó ãóÇ ÐóßóÑóåõ ÇÈúäõ ÚóØöíøóÉó Úóäú ÃóÈöí Úóáöíøò ÇáúÝóÇÑöÓöíøö: «ÃóäøóåóÇ ÔóÇÐøóÉñ Úóäö ÇáúÞöíóÇÓö áöÃóäøóåóÇ ÌóãóÚóÊú Èóíúäó ÓóÇßöäóíúäö áöÃóäøó Óõßõæäó ÇáúÃóáöÝö ÞóÈúáó ÍóÑúÝò ÓóÇßöäò áóíúÓó ãöãøóÇ íóËúÞõáõ Ýöí ÇáäøõØúÞö äóÍúæó ÚóÕóÇíú¡ æóÑõÄúíóÇíú¡ æóæóÌúåõ ÅöÌúÑóÇÁö ÇáúæóÕúáö ãóÌúÑóì ÇáúæóÞúÝö åõäóÇ ÅöÑóÇÏóÉõ ÇáÊøóÎúÝöíÝö áöÃóäøó ÊóæóÇáöíó íóÇÆóíúäö ãóÝúÊõæÍóÊóíúäö
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(1) ÇáúÃóÈúåóÑ- ÈöÝóÊúÍ ÇáúåãÒóÉ æóÓõßõæä ÇáúÈóÇÁ æóÝÊÍ ÇáúåóÇÁ ÚÑÞ Ýöí ÇáúÞáÈ.(8-Ã/203)
Ýöíåö ËöÞóáñ¡ æóÇáúÃóáöÝõ ÇáäøóÇÔöÆóÉõ Úóäö ÇáúÝóÊúÍóÉö ÇáúÃõæáóì áóÇ ÊõÚóÏøõ ÍóÇÌöÒðÇ ÝóÚóÏóáó Úóäú ÝóÊúÍö ÇáúíóÇÁö ÇáËøóÇäöíóÉö Åöáóì ÅöÓúßóÇäöåóÇ» . æóÞóÑóÃóåõ ÇáúÈóÞöíøóÉõ- ÈöÝóÊúÍö ÇáúíóÇÁö- æóÑõæöíó Ðóáößó Úóäú æóÑúÔò¡ æóÞóÇáó ÈóÚúÖõ Ãóåúáö ÇáúÞöÑóÇÁóÉö Ãóäøó äóÇÝöÚðÇ ÑóÌóÚó Úóäö ÇáúÅöÓúßóÇäö Åöáóì ÇáúÝóÊúÍö.
æóÌõãúáóÉõ: æóÈöÐáößó ÃõãöÑúÊõ ÚóØúÝñ Úóáóì ÌõãúáóÉö Åöäøó ÕóáÇÊöí ÅöáóÎú. ÝóåóÐóÇ ãöãøóÇ ÃõãöÑó ÈöÃóäú íóÞõæáóåõ¡ æóÍóÑúÝõ ÇáúÚóØúÝö áóíúÓó ãöäó ÇáúãóÞõæáö.
æóÇáúÅöÔóÇÑóÉõ Ýöí Þóæúáöåö: æóÈöÐáößó Åöáóì ÇáúãóÐúßõæÑö ãöäú Þóæúáöåö: Åöäøó ÕóáÇÊöí æóäõÓõßöí ÅöáóÎú¡
Ãóíú Ãóäøó Ðóáößó ßóÇäó áöáøóåö ÈöåóÏúíò ãöäó Çááøóåö æóÃóãúÑò ãöäúåõ¡ ÝóÑóÌóÚó Åöáóì Þóæúáöåö: Åöäøóäöí åóÏÇäöí ÑóÈøöí Åöáì ÕöÑÇØò ãõÓúÊóÞöíãò [ÇáúÃóäúÚóÇã: 161] íóÚúäöí Ãóäøóåõ ßóãóÇ åóÏóÇåõ ÃóãóÑóåõ ÈöãóÇ åõæó ÔõßúÑñ Úóáóì Êöáúßó ÇáúåöÏóÇíóÉö¡ æóÅöäøóãóÇ ÃõÚöíÏó åõäóÇ áöÃóäøóåõ áóãøóÇ ÃóÖóÇÝó ÇáÕøóáóÇÉó æóãóÇ ÚóØóÝó ÚóáóíúåóÇ áöäóÝúÓöåö æóÌóÚóáóåóÇ áöáøóåö ÊóÚóÇáóì ÃóÚúÞóÈóåóÇ ÈöÃóäøóåõ åõÏðì ãöäó Çááøóåö ÊóÚóÇáóì¡ æóåóÐóÇ ßóÞóæúáöåö ÊóÚóÇáóì: Þõáú Åöäøöí ÃõãöÑúÊõ Ãóäú ÃóÚúÈõÏó Çááøóåó ãõÎúáöÕÇð áóåõ ÇáÏøöíäó æóÃõãöÑúÊõ áöÃóäú Ãóßõæäó Ãóæøóáó ÇáúãõÓúáöãöíäó [ÇáÒãÑ: 11¡ 12] . æóÊóÞúÏöíãõ ÇáúÌóÇÑøö æóÇáúãóÌúÑõæÑö áöáöÇåúÊöãóÇãö ÈöÇáúãõÔóÇÑö Åöáóíúåö.
æóÞóæúáõåõ: æóÃóäóÇ Ãóæøóáõ ÇáúãõÓúáöãöíäó ãöËúáõ Þóæúáöåö: æóÈöÐáößó ÃõãöÑúÊõ ÎóÈóÑñ ãõÓúÊóÚúãóáñ Ýöí ãóÚúäóÇåõ ÇáúßöäóÇÆöíøö¡ æóåõæó áóÇÒöãõ ãóÚúäóÇåõ¡ íóÚúäöí ÞóÈõæáó ÇáúÅöÓúáóÇãö æóÇáËøóÈóÇÊó Úóáóíúåö æóÇáöÇÛúÊöÈóÇØó Èöåö¡ áöÃóäøó ãóäú ÃóÍóÈøó ÔóíúÆðÇ ÃóÓúÑóÚó Åöáóíúåö ÝóÌóÇÁóåõ Ãóæøóáõ ÇáäøóÇÓö¡ æóåóÐóÇ ÈöãóäúÒöáóÉö ÝöÚúáö ÇáÓøóÈúÞö ÅöÐú íõØúáóÞõ Ýöí ßóáóÇãöåöãú Úóáóì ÇáÊøóãóßøõäö æóÇáÊøóÑóÌøõÍö¡ ßóãóÇ ÞóÇáó ÇáäøóÇÈöÛóÉõ:
ÓóÈóÞúÊó ÇáÑøöÌóÇáó ÇáúÈóÇåöÔöíäó Åöáóì ÇáúÚõáóÇ ... ßóÓóÈúÞö ÇáúÌóæóÇÏö ÇÕúØóÇÏó ÞóÈúáó ÇáØøóæóÇÑöÏö
áóÇ íõÑöíÏõ Ãóäøóåõ ßóÇäó Ýöí ÇáúãóÚóÇáöí ÃóÞúÏóãó ãóäú ÛóíúÑöåö áöÃóäøó Ýöí Ãóåúáö ÇáúãóÚóÇáöí ãóäú åõæó ÃóßúÈóÑõ ãöäúåõ ÓöäøðÇ¡ æóãóäú äóÇáó ÇáúÚõáóÇ ÞóÈúáó Ãóäú íõæáóÏó ÇáúãóãúÏõæÍõ¡ æóáóßöäøóåõ ÃóÑóÇÏó Ãóäøóåõ Êóãóßøóäó ãöäú äóæóÇáö ÇáúÚõáóÇ æóÃóÕúÈóÍó ÇáúÍóÇÆöÒó áóåõ æóÇáËøóÇÈöÊó Úóáóíúåö.
æóÝöí ÇáúÍóÏöíËö: «äóÍúäõ ÇáúÂÎöÑõæäó ÇáÓøóÇÈöÞõæäó íóæúãó ÇáúÞöíóÇãóÉö»
. æóåóÐóÇ ÇáúãóÚúäóì ÊóÃúíöíÓñ áöáúãõÔúÑößöíäó ãöäó ÇáØøóãóÚö Ýöí ÇáÊøóäóÇÒõáö áóåõãú Ýöí Ïöíäöåöãú æóáóæú ÃóÞóáøó ÊóäóÇÒõáò. æóãöäö ÇÓúÊöÚúãóÇáö (Ãóæøóáõ)(8-Ã/204)
Þõáú ÃóÛóíúÑó Çááøóåö ÃóÈúÛöí ÑóÈøðÇ æóåõæó ÑóÈøõ ßõáøö ÔóíúÁò æóáóÇ ÊóßúÓöÈõ ßõáøõ äóÝúÓò ÅöáøóÇ ÚóáóíúåóÇ æóáóÇ ÊóÒöÑõ æóÇÒöÑóÉñ æöÒúÑó ÃõÎúÑóì Ëõãøó Åöáóì ÑóÈøößõãú ãóÑúÌöÚõßõãú ÝóíõäóÈøöÆõßõãú ÈöãóÇ ßõäúÊõãú Ýöíåö ÊóÎúÊóáöÝõæäó (164)
Ýöí ãöËúáö åóÐóÇ Þóæúáõåõ ÊóÚóÇáóì: æóáÇ ÊóßõæäõæÇ Ãóæøóáó ßÇÝöÑò Èöåö¡ ßóãóÇ ÊóÞóÏøóãó Ýöí ÓõæÑóÉö ÇáúÈóÞóÑóÉö [41] . æóáóíúÓó ÇáúãõÑóÇÏõ ãóÚúäóÇåõ ÇáÕøóÑöíÍó áöÞöáøóÉö ÌóÏúæóì ÇáúÎóÈóÑö ÈöÐóáößó¡ áöÃóäøó ßõáøó ÏóÇÚò Åöáóì ÔóíúÁò Ýóåõæó Ãóæøóáõ ÃóÕúÍóÇÈöåö áóÇ ãóÍóÇáóÉó¡ ÝóãóÇÐóÇ íõÝöíÏõ Ðóáößó ÇáúÃóÚúÏóÇÁó æóÇáúÃóÊúÈóÇÚó¡ ÝóÅöäú ÃõÑöíÏó ÈöÇáúãõÓúáöãöíäó ÇáøóÐöíäó ÇÊøóÈóÚõæÇ ÍóÞöíÞóÉó ÇáúÅöÓúáóÇãö ÈöãóÚúäóì ÅöÓúáóÇãö ÇáúæóÌúåö Åöáóì Çááøóåö ÊóÚóÇáóì áóãú íóÓúÊóÞöãú¡ áöÃóäøó ÅöÈúÑóÇåöíãó Úóáóíúåö ÇáÓøóáóÇãõ ßóÇäó ãõÓúáöãðÇ æóßóÇäó Èóäõæåõ ãõÓúáöãöíäó¡ ßóãóÇ Íóßóì Çááøóåõ Úóäúåõãú ÅöÐú ÞóÇáó ÅöÈúÑóÇåöíãõ Úóáóíúåö ÇáÓøóáóÇãõ: ÝóáÇ ÊóãõæÊõäøó ÅöáøóÇ æóÃóäúÊõãú ãõÓúáöãõæäó [ÇáúÈóÞóÑóÉ: 132] æóßóÐóáößó ÃóÈäóÇÁ íóÚúÞõæÈ ßóÇäõæÇ ãõÓáãíä ÅöÐú ÞóÇáõæÇ: æóäóÍúäõ áóåõ ãõÓúáöãõæäó [ÇáúÈóÞóÑóÉ: 136] .
æóÞóÑóÃó äóÇÝöÚñ æóÃóÈõæ ÌóÚúÝóÑò- ÈöÅöËúÈóÇÊö ÃóáöÝö «ÃóäóÇ» ÅöÐóÇ æóÞóÚóÊú ÈóÚúÏóåóÇ åóãúÒóÉñ æóíóÌúÑöí ãóÏøõåóÇ Úóáóì ÞóÇÚöÏóÉö ÇáãÏø¡ æÍÐÝåÇ ÇáúÈóÇÞõæäó ÞÈá ÇáúåãÒóÉ¡ æÇÊøÝÞ ÇáúÌóãöíÚ Úáì ÍÐÝåóÇ ÞÈá ÛíÑ ÇáúåãÒóÉ ÊóÎúÝöíÝðÇ ÌóÑóì Úóáóíúåö ÇáúÚóÑóÈõ Ýöí ÇáúÝóÕöíÍö ãöäú ßóáóÇãöåöãú äóÍúæó: «ÃóäóÇ íõæÓõÝõ» æóÇÎúÊóáóÝõæÇ Ýöíåö ÞóÈúáó ÇáúåóãúÒóÉö äóÍúæó ÃóäóÇ ÃóÝúÚóáõ¡ æóÃóÍúÓóÈõ Ãóäøó ÇáúÃóÝúÕóÍó ÅöËúÈóÇÊõåóÇ ãóÚó ÇáúåóãúÒö áöáÊøóãóßøõäö ãöäó ÇáúãóÏøö.
[164]
[ÓõæÑóÉ ÇáúÃóäúÚóÇã (6) : ÂíóÉ 164]
Þõáú ÃóÛóíúÑó Çááøóåö ÃóÈúÛöí ÑóÈøðÇ æóåõæó ÑóÈøõ ßõáøö ÔóíúÁò æóáÇ ÊóßúÓöÈõ ßõáøõ äóÝúÓò ÅöáÇøó ÚóáóíúåÇ æóáÇ ÊóÒöÑõ æÇÒöÑóÉñ æöÒúÑó ÃõÎúÑì Ëõãøó Åöáì ÑóÈøößõãú ãóÑúÌöÚõßõãú ÝóíõäóÈøöÆõßõãú ÈöãÇ ßõäúÊõãú Ýöíåö ÊóÎúÊóáöÝõæäó (164)
Þõáú ÃóÛóíúÑó Çááøóåö ÃóÈúÛöí ÑóÈøðÇ æóåõæó ÑóÈøõ ßõáøö ÔóíúÁò æóáÇ ÊóßúÓöÈõ ßõáøõ äóÝúÓò ÅöáøóÇ ÚóáóíúåÇ æóáÇ ÊóÒöÑõ æÇÒöÑóÉñ æöÒúÑó ÃõÎúÑì.
ÇÓúÊöÆúäóÇÝñ ËóÇáöËñ¡ ãõÝúÊóÊóÍñ ÈöÇáúÃóãúÑö ÈöÇáúÞóæúáö¡ íóÊóäóÒøóáõ ãóäúÒöáóÉó ÇáäøóÊöíÌóÉö áöãóÇ ÞóÈúáóåõ¡ áöÃóäøóåõ áóãøóÇ Úõáöãó Ãóäøó Çááøóåó åóÏóÇåõ Åöáóì ÕöÑóÇØò ãõÓúÊóÞöíãò¡ æóÃóäúÞóÐóåõ ãöäó ÇáÔøöÑúßö¡ æóÃóãóÑóåõ ÈöÃóäú íõãóÍøöÖó ÚöÈóÇÏóÊóåõ æóØóÇÚóÊóåõ áöÑóÈøöåö ÊóÚóÇáóì¡ ÔõßúÑðÇ Úóáóì ÇáúåöÏóÇíóÉö¡ ÃóÊúÈóÚó Ðóáößó ÈöÃóäú íõäúßöÑó Ãóäú íóÚúÈõÏó ÛóíúÑó Çááøóåö ÊóÚóÇáóì áöÃóäøó æóÇåöÈó ÇáäøöÚóãö åõæó ãõÓúÊóÍöÞøõ ÇáÔøõßúÑö¡ æóÇáúÚöÈóÇÏóÉõ ÌöãóÇÚõ ãóÑóÇÊöÈö ÇáÔøõßúÑö¡ æóÝöí åóÐóÇ ÑõÌõæÚñ Åöáóì ÈóíóÇäö ÖóáóÇáöåöãú ÅöÐú ÚóÈóÏõæÇ ÛóíúÑóåõ æóÅöÚóÇÏóÉõ ÇáúÃóãúÑö ÈöÇáúÞóæúáö ÊóÞóÏøóãó ÈóíóÇäõ æóÌúåöåö.(8-Ã/205)
æóÇáöÇÓúÊöÝúåóÇãõ ÅöäúßóÇÑñ Úóáóíúåöãú áöÃóäøóåõãú íóÑúÛóÈõæäó Ãóäú íóÚúÊóÑöÝó ÈöÑõÈõæÈöíøóÉö ÃóÕúäóÇãöåöãú¡ æóÞóÏú ÍÇæáæÇ ãöäúåõ Ðóáößó ÛóíúÑó ãóÑøóÉò ÓóæóÇÁñ ßóÇäõæÇ ÍóÇæóáõæÇ Ðóáößó ãöäúåõ ÈöÞõÑúÈö äõÒõæáö åóÐöåö ÇáúÂíóÉö Ãóãú áóãú íõÍóÇæöáõæåõ¡ Ýóåõãú ÏóÇÆöãõæäó Úóáóì ÇáÑøóÛúÈóÉö Ýöí ãõæóÇÝóÞóÊöåöãú Úóáóì Ïöíäöåöãú¡ Íóßóì ÇÈúäõ ÚóØöíøóÉó Úóäö ÇáäøóÞóÇÔö Ãóäøó ÇáßÝøÇÑ ÞóÇáõæÇ ááäøÈí Õóáøóì Çááåõ Úóáóíúåö æóÓóáøóãó: «ÇÑúÌöÚú Åöáóì ÏöíäöäóÇ æóÇÚúÈõÏú ÂáöåóÊóäóÇ æóäóÍúäõ äóÊóßóÝøóáõ áóßó Èößõáøö ÊöÈóÇÚóÉò ÊóÊóæóÞøóÚõåóÇ Ýöí ÏõäúíóÇßó æóÂÎöÑóÊößó» æóÃóäøó åóÐöåö ÇáúÂíóÉó äóÒóáóÊú Ýöí Ðóáößó.
æóÞõÏøöãó ÇáúãóÝúÚõæáõ Úóáóì ÝöÚúáöåö áöÃóäøóåõ ÇáúãóÞúÕõæÏõ ãöäó ÇáöÇÓúÊöÝúåóÇãö ÇáúÅöäúßóÇÑöíøö¡ áöÃóäøó ãóÍóáøó ÇáúÅöäúßóÇÑö åõæó Ãóäú íóßõæäó ÛóíúÑõ Çááøóåö íõÈúÊóÛóì áóåõ ÑóÈøðÇ¡ æóáöÃóäøó Ðóáößó åõæó ÇáúãóÞúÕõæÏõ ãöäó ÇáúÌóæóÇÈö ÅöÐóÇ ÕóÍøó Ãóäøó ÇáúãõÔúÑßíä ÏÚæÇ ÇáäøÈí Õóáøóì Çááåõ Úóáóíúåö æóÓóáøóãó áöÚöÈóÇÏóÉö ÂáöåóÊöåöãú Ýóíóßõæäó ÊóÞúÏöíãõåõ Úóáóì ÇáúÝöÚúáö áöáöÇåúÊöãóÇãö áöãõæÌöÈò Ãóæú áöãõæÌöÈóíúäö¡ ßóãóÇ ÊóÞóÏøóãó Ýöí Þóæúáöåö ÊóÚóÇáóì: Þõáú ÃóÛóíúÑó Çááøóåö ÃóÊøóÎöÐõ æóáöíøðÇ Ýöí åóÐöåö ÇáÓøõæÑóÉö [14] .
æóÌõãúáóÉõ: æóåõæó ÑóÈøõ ßõáøö ÔóíúÁò Ýöí ãóæúÖöÚö ÇáúÍóÇá¡ æóåõæó ÍóÇá ãõÚóáøóáñ áöáúÅöäúßóÇÑö¡ Ãóíú Ãóäøó Çááøóåó ÎóÇáöÞõ ßõáøö ÔóíúÁò æóÐóáößó ÈöÇÚúÊöÑóÇÝöåöãú¡ áöÃóäøóåõãú áóÇ íóÏøóÚõæäó Ãóäøó ÇáúÃóÕúäóÇãó ÎóÇáöÞóÉñ áöÔóíúÁò¡ ßóãóÇ ÞóÇáó ÊóÚóÇáóì: áóäú íóÎúáõÞõæÇ ÐõÈÇÈÇð æóáóæö ÇÌúÊóãóÚõæÇ áóåõ [ÇáúÍóÌ: 73] ÝóáóãøóÇ ßóÇäó Çááøóåõ ÎóÇáöÞó ßõáøö ÔóíúÁò æóÑóÈøóåõ ÝóáóÇ ÍóÞøó áöÛóíúÑöåö Ýöí Ãóäú íóÚúÈõÏóåõ ÇáúÎóáóÇÆöÞõ¡ æóÚöÈóÇÏóÉõ ÛóíúÑöåö Ùõáúãñ ÚóÙöíãñ¡ æóßÝÑ ÈöäöÚúãóÉ ÇáÑÈæÈíøÉ¡ æÈÞØÚ ÇáäøÙÑ Úóä ßóæä ÇáúÎáÞ äÚúãóÉ¡ áöÃóäøó ÇáúÎóáúÞó ÅöíÌóÇÏñ æóÇáúæõÌõæÏõ ÃóÝúÖóáõ ãöäó ÇáúÚóÏóãö¡ ÝóÅöäøó ãõÌóÑøóÏó ÇáúÎóáúÞö ãõæÌöÈñ áöáúÚöÈóÇÏóÉö áöÃóÌúáö ÇáúÚõÈõæÏöíøóÉö.
æóÅöäøóãóÇ Þöíáó: æóåõæó ÑóÈøõ ßõáøö ÔóíúÁò¡ æóáóãú íóÞõáú: æóåõæó ÑóÈøöí¡ áöÅöËúÈóÇÊö Ãóäøóåõ ÑóÈøõåõ ÈöØóÑöíÞö ÇáöÇÓúÊöÏúáóÇáö áößóæúäöåö ÅóËúÈóÇÊó Íõßúãò ÚóÇãøò íóÔúãóáõ ÇáúãóÞúÕõæÏö ÇáúÎóÇÕøö¡ æóáöÅöÝóÇÏóÉö Ãóäøó ÃóÑúÈóÇÈóåõãú ÛóíúÑõ ÍóÞöíÞóÉ
ÈÇáÑÈæÈíøÉ áÃäøåÇ ãÑÈæÈÉ ÃóíúÖðÇ áöáøóåö ÊóÚóÇáóì.
æóÞóæúáõåõ: æóáÇ ÊóßúÓöÈõ ßõáøõ äóÝúÓò ÅöáøóÇ ÚóáóíúåÇ ãä ÇáÞóæúá ÈÇáãÃãæÑ Èöåö¡ ãõÝöíÏñ ãõÊóÇÑóßóÉð áöáúãõÔúÑößöíäó æóãóÞúÊðÇ áóåõãú ÈöÃóäøó ÚöäóÇÏóåõãú áóÇ íóÖõÑøõåõ¡ ÝóÅöäøó ãóÇ ÇÞúÊóÑóÝõæåõ ãöäó(8-Ã/206)
ÇáÔøöÑúßö áóÇ íóäóÇáõåõ ãöäúåõ ÔóíúÁñ ÝóÅöäøóãóÇ ßóÓúÈõ ßõáøö äóÝúÓò ÚóáóíúåóÇ¡ æóåõãú ãöäú ÌõãúáóÉö ÇáúÃóäúÝõÓö ÝóßóÓúÈõåõãú Úóáóíúåöãú áóÇ íóÊóÌóÇæóÒõåõãú Åöáóì ÛóíÑåã. ÝÇáÊøÚãíã Ýöí ÇáúÍõßúãö ÇáúæóÇÞöÚö Ýöí Þóæúáöåö: ßõáøö ÔóíúÁò ÝóÇÆöÏóÊõåõ ãöËúáõ ÝóÇÆöÏóÉö ÇáÊøóÚúãöíãö ÇáúæóÇÞöÚö Ýöí Þóæúáöåö: æóåõæó ÑóÈøõ ßõáøö ÔóíúÁò.
æóÏóáøóÊú ßóáöãóÉõ (Úóáóì) Úóáóì Ãóäøó ãóÝúÚõæáó ÇáúßóÓúÈö ÇáúãóÍúÐõæÝó ÊóÞúÏöíÑõåõ: ÔóÑøðÇ¡ Ãóæú ÅöËúãðÇ¡ Ãóæú äóÍúæó Ðóáößó¡ áöÃóäøó ÔóÃúäó ÇáúãõÎóÇØóÈöíäó åõæó ÇßúÊöÓóÇÈõ ÇáÔøóÑøö æóÇáúÅöËúãö ßóÞóæúáöåö: ãóÇ Úóáóíúßó ãöäú ÍöÓÇÈöåöãú ãöäú ÔóíúÁò [ÇáúÃóäúÚóÇã: 52] æóáóßó Ãóäú ÊóÌúÚóáó Ýöí ÇáúßóáóÇãö ÇÍúÊöÈóÇßðÇ ÊóÞúÏöíÑå: æóáóÇ ÊßÓÈ ßáø äÝÓ ÅáøÇ áóåóÇ æóáóÇ ÊßÊÓÈ ÅöáøóÇ ÚóáóíúåóÇ ÝóÍÐÝ ãä ÇáÃæá áöÏóáóÇáóÉö ÇáËøóÇäöí æóÈöÇáúÚóßúÓö ÅöÐÇ ÌÑÈÊ Úóáóì Ãóäøó (ßóÓóÈó) íóÛúáöÈõ Ýöí ÊóÍúÕöíáö ÇáúÎóíúÑö¡ æóÃóäøó (ÇßúÊóÓóÈó) íóÛúáöÈõ Ýöí ÊóÍúÕöíáö ÇáÔøóÑøö¡ ÓóæóÇÁñ ÇÌúÊóãóÚó ÇáúÝöÚúáóÇäö Ãóãú áóãú íóÌúÊóãöÚóÇ. æóáóÇ ÃóÍúÓóÈõ Èóíúäó ÇáúÝöÚúáóíúäö ÝóÑúÞðÇ¡ æóÞóÏú ÊóÞóÏøóãó ÚöäúÏó Þóæúáöåö ÊóÚóÇáóì: áóåÇ ãóÇ ßóÓóÈóÊú æóÚóáóíúåÇ ãóÇ ÇßúÊóÓóÈóÊú [ÇáúÈóÞóÑóÉ: 286] . æóÇáúãóÚúäóì: Ãóäøó ãóÇ íóßúÊóÓöÈõåõ ÇáúãóÑúÁõ Ãóæú íóßúÓöÈõåõ áóÇ íóÊóÚóÏøóì ãöäúåõ ÔóíúÁñ Åöáóì ÛóíúÑöåö.
æóÞóæúáõåõ: æóáÇ ÊóÒöÑõ æÇÒöÑóÉñ æöÒúÑó ÃõÎúÑì ÊóßúãöáóÉñ áöãóÚúäóì Þóæúáöåö: æóáÇ ÊóßúÓöÈõ ßõáøõ äóÝúÓò ÅöáøóÇ ÚóáóíúåÇ ÝóßóãóÇ Ãóäøó ãóÇ ÊóßúÓöÈõåõ äóÝúÓñ áóÇ íóÊóÚóÏøóì ãöäúåõ ÔóíúÁñ Åöáóì ÛóíúÑöåóÇ¡ ßóÐóáößó áóÇ ÊóÍúãöáõ äóÝúÓñ Úóäú äóÝúÓò ÔóíúÆðÇ¡ æóÇáúãóÚúäóì: æóáóÇ ÃóÍúãöáõ ÃóæúÒóÇÑóßõãú.
ÝóÞóæúáõåõ: æÇÒöÑóÉñ ÕöÝóÉñ áöãóæúÕõæÝò ãóÍúÐõæÝò ÊóÞúÏöíÑõåõ: äóÝúÓñ¡ Ïóáøó Úóáóíúåö Þóæúáõåõ: æóáÇ ÊóßúÓöÈõ ßõáøõ äóÝúÓò ÅöáøóÇ ÚóáóíúåÇ¡ Ãóíú áóÇ ÊóÍúãöáõ äóÝúÓñ ÍóÇãöáóÉð Íöãúáó ÃõÎúÑóì.
æóÇáúæöÒúÑõ: ÇáúÍöãúáõ¡ æóåõæó ãóÇ íóÍúãöáõåõ ÇáúãóÑúÁõ Úóáóì ÙóåúÑöåö¡ ÞóÇáó ÊóÚóÇáóì: æóáßöäøóÇ ÍõãøöáúäÇ ÃóæúÒÇÑÇð ãöäú ÒöíäóÉö ÇáúÞóæúãö [Øå: 87] ¡ æóÞóÏú ÊóÞóÏøóãó ÚöäúÏó Þóæúáöåö ÊóÚóÇáóì:(8-Ã/207)
æóåõãú íóÍúãöáõæäó ÃóæúÒÇÑóåõãú Úóáì ÙõåõæÑöåöãú ÃóáÇ ÓÇÁó ãóÇ íóÒöÑõæäó [ÇáúÃóäúÚóÇã: 31] . æóÃóãøóÇ ÊóÓúãöíóÉõ ÇáúÅöËúãö æöÒúÑðÇ ÝóáöÃóäøóåõ íõÊóÎóíøóáõ ËóÞöíáðÇ Úóáóì äóÝúÓö ÇáúãõÄúãöäö. ÝóãóÚúäóì áóÇ ÊóÒöÑõ æÇÒöÑóÉñ áóÇ ÊóÍúãöáõ ÍóÇãöáóÉñ¡ Ãóíú áóÇ ÊóÍúãöáõ äóÝúÓñ Íöíäó ÊóÍúãöáõ Íöãúáó Ãóíøö äóÝúÓò ÃõÎúÑóì ÛóíúÑóåóÇ¡ ÝóÇáúãóÚúäóì áóÇ ÊõÛúäöí äóÝúÓñ Úóäú äóÝúÓò ÔóíúÆðÇ ÊóÍúãöáõåõ ÚóäúåóÇ¡ Ãóíú ßõáøõ äóÝúÓò ÊóÒöÑõ æöÒúÑó äóÝúÓöåóÇ¡ ÝóíõÝöíÏõ Ãóäøó æöÒúÑó ßõáøö ÃóÍóÏò Úóáóíúåö æóÃóäøóåõ áóÇ íóÍúãöáõ ÛóíúÑõåõ Úóäúåõ ÔóíúÆðÇ ãöäú æöÒúÑöåö ÇáøóÐöí æóÒóÑóåõ æóÃóäøóåõ áóÇ ÊóÈöÚóÉó Úóáóì ÃóÍóÏò ãöäú æöÒúÑö ÛóíúÑöåö ãöäú ÞóÑöíÈò Ãóæú ÕóÏöíÞò¡ ÝóáóÇ ÊõÛúäöí äóÝúÓñ Úóäú äóÝúÓò ÔóíúÆðÇ¡ æóáóÇ ÊõÊøóÈóÚõ äóÝúÓñ ÈöÅöËúãö ÛóíúÑöåóÇ¡ Ýóåöíó Åöäú ÍóãóáóÊú áóÇ ÊóÍúãöáõ Íöãúáó ÛóíúÑöåóÇ. æóåóÐóÇ ÅÊúãóÇã
áöãóÚúäì ÇáãÊÇÑßÉ.
Ëõãøó Åöáì ÑóÈøößõãú ãóÑúÌöÚõßõãú ÝóíõäóÈøöÆõßõãú ÈöãÇ ßõäúÊõãú Ýöíåö ÊóÎúÊóáöÝõæäó.
Ëõãøó áöáÊøóÑúÊöíÈö ÇáÑøõÊúÈöíøö. æóåóÐóÇ ÇáúßóáóÇãõ íõÍúÊóãóáõ Ãóäú íóßõæäó ãöäú ÌõãúáóÉö ÇáúÞóæúáö ÇáúãóÃúãõæÑö Èöåö Ýóíßæä ÊÚÞíÈÇ ááãÊÇÑßÉ ÈöãóÇ Ýöíåö ÊóåúÏöíÏõåõãú æóæóÚöíÏõåõãú¡ ÝóßóÇäó ãóæúÞöÚõ Ëõãøó áöÃóäøó åóÐóÇ ÇáúÎóÈóÑó Ãóåóãøõ.
ÝóÇáúÎöØóÇÈõ Ýöí Þóæúáöåö: Åöáì ÑóÈøößõãú ãóÑúÌöÚõßõãú ÎöØóÇÈñ áöáúãõÔúÑößöíäó æóßóÐóáößó ÇáÖøóãöíÑóÇäö Ýöí Þóæúáöåö:
ÈöãÇ ßõäúÊõãú Ýöíåö ÊóÎúÊóáöÝõæäó æóÇáúãóÚúäóì: ÈöãóÇ ßõäúÊõãú Ýöíåö ÊóÎúÊóáöÝõæäó ãóÚó ÇáúãõÓúáöãöíäó¡ áöÃóäøó ÇáöÇÎúÊöáóÇÝó æóÇÞöÚñ Èóíúäóåõãú æóÈóíúäó ÇáúãõÓúáöãöíäó¡ æóáóíúÓó Èóíúäó ÇáúãõÔúÑößöíäó Ýöí ÃóäúÝõÓöåöãö ÇÎúÊöáóÇÝñ. ÝóÃõÏúãöÌó ÇáúæóÚöíÏõ ÈöÇáúæóÚöíÏö. æóÞóÏú ÌóÚóáõæÇ åóÐöåö ÇáúÌõãúáóÉó ãóÚó ÇáøóÊöí ÞóÈúáóåóÇ ÂíóÉð æóÇÍöÏóÉð Ýöí ÇáúãóÕóÇÍöÝö.
æóíõÍúÊóãóáõ Ãóäú íóßõæäó ÇáúãóÞõæáõ ÞóÏö ÇäúÊóåóì ÚöäúÏó Þóæúáöåö: æöÒúÑó ÃõÎúÑì Ýóíóßõæäõ Þóæúáõåõ: Ëõãøó Åöáì ÑóÈøößõãú ãóÑúÌöÚõßõãú ÇÓúÊöÆúäóÇÝõ ßóáóÇãò ãöäó Çááøóåö ÊóÚóÇáóì ÎØÇÈÇ ááäøÈíÁ Õóáøóì Çááåõ Úóáóíúåö æóÓóáøóãó æóáöáúãõÚóÇäöÏöíäó áóåõ. æó (Ëõãøó) ÕóÇáöÍóÉñ áöáöÇÓúÊöÆúäóÇÝö áöÃóäøó ÇáöÇÓúÊöÆúäóÇÝó ãõáóÇÆöãñ áöáÊøóÑúÊöíÈö ÇáÑøõÊúÈöíøö¡ æóÇáúßóáóÇãõ æóÚöíÏñ æóæóÚúÏñ ÃóíúÖðÇ. æóáóÇ íõäóÇÝöí Ðóáößó Ãóäú Êóßõæäó ãóÚó ÇáøóÊöí ÞóÈúáóåóÇ ÂíóÉð æóÇÍöÏóÉð.(8-Ã/208)
æóåõæó ÇáøóÐöí ÌóÚóáóßõãú ÎóáóÇÆöÝó ÇáúÃóÑúÖö æóÑóÝóÚó ÈóÚúÖóßõãú ÝóæúÞó ÈóÚúÖò ÏóÑóÌóÇÊò áöíóÈúáõæóßõãú Ýöí ãóÇ ÂÊóÇßõãú Åöäøó ÑóÈøóßó ÓóÑöíÚõ ÇáúÚöÞóÇÈö æóÅöäøóåõ áóÛóÝõæÑñ ÑóÍöíãñ (165)
æóÇáÊøóäúÈöÆóÉõ: ÇáúÅöÎúÈóÇÑõ¡ æóÇáúãõÑóÇÏõ ÈöåóÇ ÅöÙúåóÇÑõ ÂËóÇÑö ÇáúÅöíãóÇäö æóÇáúßõÝúÑö æóÇÖöÍóÉð íóæúãó ÇáúÍöÓóÇÈö¡ ÝóíóÚúáóãõæÇ Ãóäøóåõãú ßóÇäõæÇ ÖóÇáøöíäó¡ ÝóÔóÈøóåó Ðóáößó ÇáúÚöáúãó ÈöÃóäøó Çááøóåó ÃóÎúÈóÑóåõãú ÈöÐóáößó íóæúãóÆöÐò æóÅöáøóÇ ÝóÅöäøó Çááøóåó äóÈøóÃóåõãú ÈöãóÇ ÇÎúÊóáóÝõæÇ Ýöíåö ãöäú Òóãóäö ÇáúÍóíóÇÉö ÇáÏøõäúíóÇ¡ Ãóæö ÇáúãõÑóÇÏõ íõäúÈöÆõßõãú ãõÈóÇÔóÑóÉð ÈöÏõæäö æóÇÓöØóÉö ÇáÑøõÓõáö ÅöäúÈóÇÁð áóÇ íóÓúÊóØöíÚõ ÇáúßóÇÝöÑõ Ãóäú íóÞõæáó: åóÐóÇ ßóÐöÈñ Úóáóì Çááøóåö¡ ßóãóÇ
æóÑóÏó Ýöí ÍóÏöíËö ÇáúÍóÔúÑö: «ÝóíõÓúãöÚõåõãõ ÇáÏøóÇÚöí áóíúÓó Èóíúäóåõãú æóÈóíúäó Çááå ÍÌÇÈ»
. [165]
[ÓõæÑóÉ ÇáúÃóäúÚóÇã (6) : ÂíóÉ 165]
æóåõæó ÇáøóÐöí ÌóÚóáóßõãú ÎóáÇÆöÝó ÇáúÃóÑúÖö æóÑóÝóÚó ÈóÚúÖóßõãú ÝóæúÞó ÈóÚúÖò ÏóÑóÌÇÊò áöíóÈúáõæóßõãú Ýöí ãóÇ ÂÊÇßõãú Åöäøó ÑóÈøóßó ÓóÑöíÚõ ÇáúÚöÞÇÈö æóÅöäøóåõ áóÛóÝõæÑñ ÑóÍöíãñ (165)
íóÙúåóÑõ Ãóäøó åóÐóÇ Ïóáöíáñ Úóáóì ÅöãúßóÇäö ÇáúÈóÚúËö¡ æóÚóáóì æõÞõæÚöåö¡ áöÃóäøó ÇáøóÐöí ÌóÚóáó ÈóÚúÖó ÇáúÃóÌúíóÇáö ÎóáóÇÆöÝó áöãóÇ ÓóÈóÞóåóÇ¡ ÝóÚóãóÑõæÇ ÇáúÃóÑúÖó ÌöíáðÇ ÈóÚúÏó Ìöíáò¡ áóÇ íõÚúÌöÒõåõ Ãóäú íóÍúÔõÑóåóÇ ÌóãöíÚðÇ ÈóÚúÏó ÇäúÞöÖóÇÁ ÚóÇáã ÍóíóÇÊåóÇ ÇáúÃõæáóì. Ëõãøó Åöäøó ÇáøóÐöí ÏóÈøóÑó Ðóáößó æóÃóÊúÞóäóåõ áóÇ íóáöíÞõ Èöåö Ãóäú áóÇ íõÞöíãó Èóíúäóåõãú ãöíÒóÇäó ÇáúÌóÒóÇÁö Úóáóì ãóÇ ÕóäóÚõæÇ Ýöí ÇáúÍóíóÇÉö ÇáúÃõæáóì áöÆóáøóÇ íóÐúåóÈó ÇáúãõÚúÊóÏõæäó æóÇáÙøóÇáöãõæäó ÝóÇÆöÒöíäó ÈöãóÇ ÌóäóæúÇ¡ æóÅöÐóÇ ßóÇäó íõÞöíãõ ãöíÒóÇäó ÇáúÌóÒóÇÁö Úóáóì ÇáÙøóÇáöãöíäó ÝóßóíúÝó íóÊúÑõßõ ÅöËóÇÈóÉó ÇáúãõÍúÓöäöíäó¡ æóÞóÏú ÃóÔóÇÑó Åöáóì ÇáÔøöÞøö ÇáúÃóæøóáö Þóæúáõåõ: æóåõæó ÇáøóÐöí ÌóÚóáóßõãú ÎóáÇÆöÝó ÇáúÃóÑúÖö¡ æóÃóÔóÇÑó Åöáóì ÇáÔøóÞøö ÇáËøóÇäöí Þóæúáõåõ:
æóÑóÝóÚó ÈóÚúÖóßõãú ÝóæúÞó ÈóÚúÖò ÏóÑóÌÇÊò áöíóÈúáõæóßõãú Ýöí ãóÇ ÂÊÇßõãú. æóáöÐóáößó ÃóÚúÞóÈóåõ ÈöÊóÐúíöíáöåö: Åöäøó ÑóÈøóßó ÓóÑöíÚõ ÇáúÚöÞÇÈö æóÅöäøóåõ áóÛóÝõæÑñ ÑóÍöíãñ.
ÝóÇáúÎöØóÇÈõ ãõæóÌøóåñ Åöáóì ÇáúãõÔúÑößöíäó ÇáøóÐöíäó ÃõãöÑó ÇáÑøóÓõæáõ Úóáóíúåö ÇáÕøóáóÇÉõ æóÇáÓøóáóÇãõ ÈöÃóäú íóÞõæáó áóåõãú: ÃóÛóíúÑó Çááøóåö ÃóÈúÛöí ÑóÈøðÇ [ÇáúÃóäúÚóÇã: 164] æóÐóáößó íõÐóßøöÑõ ÈöÃóäøóåõãú ÓóíóÕöíÑõæäó Åöáóì ãóÇ ÕóÇÑó Åöáóíúåö ÃõæáóÆößó.(8-Ã/209)
ÝóãóæúÞöÚõ åóÐöåö ÚóÞöÈó Þóæúáöåö: Ëõãøó Åöáì ÑóÈøößõãú ãóÑúÌöÚõßõãú [ÇáúÃóäúÚóÇã: 164] ÊóÐúßöíÑñ ÈöÇáäøöÚúãóÉö¡ ÈóÚúÏó ÇáúÅöäúÐóÇÑö ÈöÓóáúÈöåóÇ¡ æóÊóÍúÑöíÖñ Úóáóì ÊóÏóÇÑõßö ãóÇ ÝóÇÊó¡ æóåõæó íóÝúÊóÍõ ÃóÚúíõäóåõãú áöáäøóÙóÑö Ýöí ÚóæóÇÞöÈö ÇáúÃõãóãö æóÇäúÞöÑóÇÖöåóÇ æóÈóÞóÇÆöåóÇ.
æóíóÌõæÒõ Ãóäú íóßõæäó ÇáúÎöØóÇÈõ áöáÑøóÓõæáö Úóáóíúåö ÇáÕøóáóÇÉõ æóÇáÓøóáóÇãõ æóÇáúÃõãøóÉö ÇáúÅöÓúáóÇãöíøóÉö¡ æóÊóßõæäó ÇáúÅöÖóÇÝóÉõ Úóáóì ãóÚúäóì ÇááøóÇãö¡ Ãóíú ÌóÚóáóßõãú ÎóáóÇÆöÝó ÇáúÃõãóãö ÇáøóÊöí ãóáóßóÊö ÇáúÃóÑúÖó ÝóÃóäúÊõãú ÎóáóÇÆöÝõ áöáúÃóÑúÖö¡ ÝóÊßæä ÈöÔóÇÑóÉ ááÃãøÉ ÈöÃóäøóåóÇ ÂÎöÑõ ÇáúÃõãóãö ÇáúãóÌúÚõæáóÉö ãöäó Çááøóåö áöÊóÚúãöíÑö ÇáúÃóÑúÖö. æóÇáúãõÑóÇÏõ:
ÇáúÃõãóãõ ÐóæóÇÊõ ÇáÔøóÑóÇÆöÚö ÇáúÅöáóåöíøóÉö æóÃóíøðÇ ãóÇ ßóÇäó Ýóåõæó ÊóÐúßöíÑñ ÈöÚóÙöíãö ÕõäúÚö Çááøóåö æóãöäøóÊöåö áöÇÓúÊöÏúÚóÇÁö ÇáÔøõßúÑö æóÇáÊøóÍúÐöíÑö ãöäó ÇáúßõÝúÑö.
æóÇáúÎóáóÇÆöÝõ: ÌóãúÚõ ÎóáöíÝóÉò¡ æóÇáúÎóáöíÝóÉõ: ÇÓúãñ áöãóÇ íÎáÝ Èöåö ÔóíúÁ¡ Ãóíú íõÌúÚóáõ ÎóáóÝðÇ Úóäúåõ¡ Ãóíú ÚöæóÖóåõ¡ íõÞóÇáõ: ÎóáöíÝóÉñ æóÎöáúÝóÉñ¡ Ýóåõæó ÝóÚöíáñ ÈöãóÚúäóì ãóÝúÚõæáò¡ æóÙóåóÑóÊú Ýöíåö ÇáÊøóÇÁõ áöÃóäøóåõãú áóãøóÇ ÕóíøóÑõæåõ ÇÓúãðÇ ÞóØóÚõæåõ Úóäú ãóæúÕõæÝöåö.
æóÅöÖóÇÝóÊõåõ Åöáóì ÇáúÃóÑúÖö Úóáóì ãóÚúäóì (Ýöí) Úáì áæÌå ÇáúÃóæøóáö¡ æóåõæó ßóæúäõ ÇáúÎöØóÇÈö áöáúãõÔúÑößöíäó¡ Ãóíú ÎóáóÇÆöÝó ÝöíåóÇ¡ Ãóíú ÎóáóÝó Èößõãú ÃõãóãðÇ ãóÖóÊú ÞóÈúáóßõãú ßóãóÇ ÞóÇáó ÊóÚóÇáóì ÍößóÇíóÉð Úóäö ÇáÑøõÓõáö Ýöí ãõÎóÇØóÈóÉö ÃóÞúæóÇãöåöãú: æóÇÐúßõÑõæÇ ÅöÐú ÌóÚóáóßõãú ÎõáóÝÇÁó ãöäú ÈóÚúÏö Þóæúãö äõæÍò [ÇáúÃóÚúÑóÇÝ: 69]- æóÇÐúßõÑõæÇ ÅöÐú ÌóÚóáóßõãú ÎõáóÝÇÁó ãöäú ÈóÚúÏö ÚÇÏò [ÇáúÃóÚúÑóÇÝ: 74]- ÚóÓì ÑóÈøõßõãú Ãóäú íõåúáößó ÚóÏõæøóßõãú æóíóÓúÊóÎúáöÝóßõãú Ýöí ÇáúÃóÑúÖö ÝóíóäúÙõÑó ßóíúÝó ÊóÚúãóáõæäó [ÇáúÃóÚúÑóÇÝ: 129] . æóÇáúÅöÖóÇÝóÉõ Úóáóì ãóÚúäóì ÇááøóÇãö Úóáóì ÇáúæóÌúåö ÇáËøóÇäöí æóåõæó ßóæúäõ ÇáúÎöØóÇÈö áöáúãõÓúáöãöíäó.
æóÝöí åóÐóÇ ÃóíúÖðÇ ÊóÐúßöíÑñ ÈöäöÚúãóÉò ÊóÊóÖóãøóäõ ÚöÈúÑóÉð æóãóæúÚöÙóÉð: æóÐóáößó Ãóäøóåõ áóãøóÇ ÌóÚóáóåõãú ÎóáóÇÆöÝó ÛóíúÑöåöãú ÝóÞóÏú ÃóäúÔóÃóåõãú æóÃóæúÌóÏóåõãú Úóáóì Íöíäö ÃóÚúÏóãó ÛóíúÑóåõãú¡ ÝóåóÐöåö äöÚúãóÉñ¡ áöÃóäøóåõ áóæú ÞóÏøóÑó ÈóÞóÇÁó ÇáúÃõãóã ÇáøóÊöí ÞÈáåóÇ áóãóÇ æõÌöÏó åóÄõáóÇÁö.(8-Ã/210)
æóÚóØúÝõ Þóæúáöåö: æóÑóÝóÚó ÈóÚúÖóßõãú ÝóæúÞó ÈóÚúÖò ÏóÑóÌÇÊò íóÌúÑöí Úóáóì ÇáöÇÍúÊöãóÇáóíúäö Ýöí ÇáúãõÎóÇØóÈö ÈöÞóæúáöåö: ÌóÚóáóßõãú ÎóáÇÆöÝó ÇáúÃóÑúÖö Ýóåõæó ÃóíúÖðÇ ÚöÈúÑóÉð æóÚöÙóÉð¡ áöÚóÏóãö ÇáöÇÛúÊöÑóÇÑö ÈöÇáúÞõæøóÉö
æóÇáÑøöÝúÚóÉö¡ æóáöÌóÚúáö Ðóáößó æóÓöíáóÉð áöÔõßúÑö Êöáúßó ÇáäøöÚúãóÉö æóÇáÓøóÚúíö Ýöí ÒöíóÇÏóÉö ÇáúÝóÖúáö áöãóäú ÞóÕøóÑó ÚóäúåóÇ æóÇáÑøöÝúÞö ÈöÇáÖøóÚöíÝö æóÅöäúÕóÇÝö ÇáúãóÙúáõæãö.
æóáöÐóáößó ÚóÞøóÈóåõ ÈöÞóæúáöåö: áöíóÈúáõæóßõãú Ýöí ãóÇ ÂÊÇßõãú Ãóíú áöíõÎúÈöÑóßõãú ÝöíãóÇ ÃóäúÚóãó Èöåö Úóáóíúßõãú ãöäú ÏóÑóÌóÇÊö ÇáäøöÚóãö ÍóÊøóì íóÙúåóÑó áöáäøóÇÓö ßóíúÝó íóÖóÚõ Ãóåúáó ÇáäøöÚúãóÉö ÃóäúÝõÓóåõãú Ýöí ãóæóÇÖöÚöåóÇ ÇááøóÇÆöÞóÉö ÈöåóÇ æóåöíó ÇáúãõÚóÈøóÑõ ÚóäúåóÇ ÈöÇáÏøóÑóÌóÇÊö. æóÇáÏøóÑóÌóÇÊõ ãõÓúÊóÚóÇÑóÉñ áöÊóÝóÇæõÊö ÇáäøöÚóãö. æóåöíó ÇÓúÊöÚóÇÑóÉñ ãóÈúäöíøóÉñ Úóáóì ÊóÔúÈöíåö ÇáúãóÚúÞõæáö ÈöÇáúãóÍúÓõæÓö áöÊóÞúÑöíÈöåö.
æóÇáúÅöíÊóÇÁõ ãõÓúÊóÚóÇÑñ áöÊóßúæöíäö ÇáÑøöÝúÚóÉö Ýöí ÃóÑúÈóÇÈöåóÇ ÊóÔúÈöíåðÇ áöáÊøóßúæöíäö ÈöÅöÚúØóÇÁö ÇáúãõÚúØöí ÔóíúÆðÇ áöÛóíúÑöåö.
æóÇáúÈóáúæõ: ÇáöÇÎúÊöÈóÇÑõ¡ æóÞóÏú ÊóÞóÏøóãó ÚöäúÏó Þóæúáöåö ÊóÚóÇáóì: æóáóäóÈúáõæóäøóßõãú ÈöÔóíúÁò ãöäó ÇáúÎóæúÝö æóÇáúÌõæÚö [ÇáúÈóÞóÑóÉ: 155] . æóÇáúãõÑóÇÏõ Èöåö ÙõåõæÑõ ãóæóÇÒöíäö ÇáúÚõÞõæáö Ýöí ÇáöÇäúÊöÝóÇÚö æóÇáäøóÝúÚö ÈãæÇåÈ Çááå ÝöíåóÇ æóãóÇ íóÓøóÑóåõ áóåóÇ ãöäó ÇáúãõáóÇÆóãóÇÊö æóÇáúãõÓóÇÚóÏóÇÊö¡ ÝóÇááøóåõ íóÚúáóãõ ãóÑóÇÊöÈó ÇáäøÇÓ¡ æóáóßöä Óãøì Ðóáößó Èóáúæóì áöÃóäøóåóÇ áóÇ ÊóÙúåóÑõ áöáúÚöíóÇäö ÅöáøóÇ ÈóÚúÏó ÇáúÚóãóáö¡ Ãóíú áöíóÚúáóãóåõ Çááøóåõ Úöáúãó ÇáúæóÇÞöÚóÇÊö ÈóÚúÏó Ãóäú ßóÇäó íóÚúáóãõåõ Úöáúãó ÇáúãõÞóÏøóÑóÇÊö¡ ÝóåóÐóÇ ãóæúÞöÚõ áóÇãö ÇáÊøóÚúáöíáö¡ æóÞóÑöíÈñ ãöäúåõ Þóæúáõ ÅöíóÇÓö Èúäö ÞóÈöíÕóÉó ÇáØøóÇÆöíøö:
æóÃóÞúÈóáúÊõ æóÇáúÎóØøöíøõ íóÎúØöÑõ ÈóíúäóäóÇ ... áöÃóÚúáóãó ãóäú ÌóÈóÇäõåóÇ ãöäú ÔõÌóÇÚöåóÇ
æóÌõãúáóÉõ: Åöäøó ÑóÈøóßó ÓóÑöíÚõ ÇáúÚöÞÇÈö æóÅöäøóåõ áóÛóÝõæÑñ ÑóÍöíãñ ÊóÐúíöíáñ áöáúßóáóÇãö æóÅöíÐóÇäñ ÈöÃóäøó ÇáúãóÞúÕõæÏó ãöäúåõ ÇáúÚóãóáõ æóÇáöÇãúÊöËóÇáõ ÝóáöÐóáößó ÌóãóÚó åõäóÇ Èóíúäó ÕöÝóÉö ÓóÑöíÚõ ÇáúÚöÞÇÈö æóÕÝóÉ áóÛóÝõæÑñ áöíõäóÇÓöÈó ÌóãöíÚó ãóÇ ÍóæóÊúåõ åóÐöåö ÇáÓøõæÑóÉõ.(8-Ã/211)
æóÇÓúÊõÚöíÑóÊö ÇáÓøõÑúÚóÉõ áöÚóÏóãö ÇáÊøóÑóÏøõÏö æóáöÊóãóÇãö ÇáúãóÞúÏöÑóÉö Úóáóì ÇáúÚöÞóÇÈö¡ áöÃóäøó ÔóÃúäó ÇáúãõÊóÑóÏøöÏö Ãóæö ÇáúÚóÇÌöÒö Ãóäú íóÊóÑóíøóËó æóÃóäú íóÎúÔóì ÛóÇÆöáóÉó ÇáúãõÚóÇÞóÈö¡ ÝóÇáúãõÑóÇÏõ ÓóÑöíÚõ ÇáúÚöÞóÇÈö Ýöí íóæúãö ÇáúÚöÞóÇÈö¡ æóáóíúÓó ÇáúãõÑóÇÏõ ÓóÑöíÚóåõ ãöäó ÇáúÂäö ÍóÊøóì íõÄóæøóáó ÈöãóÚúäóì: ßõáøõ ÂÊò ÞóÑöíÈñ¡ ÅöÐú áóÇ ãóæúÞöÚó áóåõ åõäóÇ.
æóãöäú áóØóÇÆöÝö ÇáúÞõÑúÂäö ÇáöÇÞúÊöÕóÇÑõ Ýöí æóÕúÝö (ÓóÑöíÚö ÇáúÚÞóÇÈ) Úáì ãæßøÏ æóÇÍöÏò¡ æóÊóÚúÒöíÒö æóÕúÝö (ÇáúÛóÝõæÑö ÇáÑøóÍöíãö) ÈöãõÄóßøöÏóÇÊò ËóáóÇËóÉò æóåöíó Åöäøó¡ æóáóÇãõ ÇáöÇÈúÊöÏóÇÁö¡ æóÇáÊøóæúßöíÏõ ÇááøóÝúÙöíøõ áöÃóäøó (ÇáÑøóÍöíãó) íõÄóßøöÏõ ãóÚúäóì (ÇáúÛóÝõæÑö) : áöíõØóãúÆöäó Ãóåúáó ÇáúÚóãóáö ÇáÕøóÇáöÍö Åöáóì ãóÛúÝöÑóÉö Çááøóåö æóÑóÍúãóÊöåö¡ æóáöíóÓúÊóÏúÚöíó Ãóåúáó ÇáúÅöÚúÑóÇÖö æóÇáÕøõÏõæÝö¡ Åöáóì ÇáúÅöÞúáóÇÚö ÚóãøóÇ åõãú Ýöíåö.(8-Ã/212)
ÈöÓúãö Çááøóåö ÇáÑøóÍúãóäö ÇáÑøóÍöíãö
7- ÓõæÑóÉõ ÇáúÃóÚúÑóÇÝö
åóÐóÇ åõæó ÇáöÇÓúãõ ÇáøóÐöí ÚõÑöÝóÊú Èöåö åóÐöåö ÇáÓøõæÑóÉõ¡ ãä ÚåÏ ÇáäøÈí Õóáøóì Çááåõ Úóáóíúåö æóÓóáøóãó.
ÃóÎúÑóÌó ÇáäøóÓóÇÆöíøõ¡ ãöäú ÍóÏöíË ÇÈúä ÃóÈöí ãõáóíúßóÉó¡ Úóä ÚõÑúæóÉ Úóäú ÒóíúÏö Èúäö ËóÇÈöÊò: Ãóäøóåõ ÞóÇáó áöãóÑúæóÇäó Èúäö ÇáúÍóßóãö: «ãóÇ áöí ÃóÑóÇßó ÊóÞúÑóÃõ Ýöí ÇáúãóÛúÑöÈö ÈöÞöÕóÇÑö ÇáÓøõæóÑö æóÞóÏú ÑóÃóíúÊõ ÑóÓõæá Çááå Úóáóíúåö ÇáÕøáÇÉ æÇáÓøáÇã íóÞúÑóÃõ ÝöíåóÇ ÈöÃóØúæóáö ÇáØøõæáóíóíúäö» . ÞóÇáó ãóÑúæóÇäõ ÞõáúÊõ: «íóÇ ÃóÈóÇ ÚóÈúÏö Çááøóåö ãóÇ ÃØæá ÇáØæáíä» ¡ ÞóÇáó:
«ÇáúÃóÚúÑóÇÝõ»
. æóßóÐóáößó ÍóÏöíËõ Ãõãøö ÓóáóãóÉó ÑóÖöíó Çááøóåõ ÚóäúåóÇ Ãóäøó ÑóÓõæá Çááå Õóáøóì Çááåõ Úóáóíúåö æóÓóáøóãó ßóÇäó íóÞúÑóÃõ Ýöí ÇáúãóÛúÑöÈö ÈöØõæáóì ÇáØøõæáóíóíúäö
. æóÇáúãõÑóÇÏõ ÈöÇáØøõæáóíóíúäö ÓõæÑóÉõ ÇáúÃóÚúÑóÇÝö æóÓõæÑóÉõ ÇáúÃóäúÚóÇãö¡ ÝóÅöäøó ÓõæÑóÉó ÇáúÃóÚúÑóÇÝö ÃóØúæóáõ ãöäú ÓõæÑóÉö ÇáúÃóäúÚóÇãö¡ ÈöÇÚúÊöÈóÇÑö ÚóÏóÏö ÇáúÂíóÇÊö. æóíõÝóÓøöÑõ Ðóáößó ÍóÏöíËõ ÚóÇÆöÔóÉó ÑóÖöíó Çááå ÚóäúåóÇ.
ÃÎÑÌ ÇáäøÓÇÆí¡ Úóä ÚõÑúæóÉ Úóä ÚóÇÆöÔóÉ ÑóÖöí Çááøóåõ ÚóäúåóÇ: Åöäøó ÑóÓõæá Çááå Õóáøóì Çááåõ Úóáóíúåö æóÓóáøóãó ÞóÑóÃó Ýöí ÕóáóÇÉö ÇáúãóÛúÑöÈö ÈöÓõæÑóÉö ÇáúÃóÚúÑóÇÝö ÝóÑøóÞóåóÇ Ýöí ÑóßúÚóÊóíúäö
. æóæóÌúåõ ÊóÓúãöíóÊöåóÇ ÃäøåÇ ÐßÑ ÝöíåóÇ áóÝúÙö ÇáúÃóÚúÑóÇÝö ÈöÞóæúáöåö ÊóÚóÇáóì: æóÈóíúäóåõãÇ ÍöÌÇÈñ æóÚóáóì ÇáúÃóÚúÑÇÝö ÑöÌÇáñ [ÇáúÃóÚúÑóÇÝ: 46] ÇáúÂíóÉó. æóáóãú íõÐúßóÑú Ýöí ÛóíúÑöåóÇ ãöäú ÓõæóÑö ÇáúÞõÑúÂäö¡ æóáöÃóäøóåóÇ ÐõßöÑó ÝöíåóÇ ÔóÃúäõ Ãóåúáö ÇáúÃóÚúÑóÇÝö Ýöí ÇáúÂÎöÑóÉö¡ æóáóãú íõÐúßóÑú Ýöí ÛóíúÑöåóÇ ãöäó ÇáÓøõæóÑö ÈöåóÐóÇ ÇááøóÝúÙö¡ æóáóßöäøóåõ ÐõßöÑó ÈöáóÝúÙö (ÓõæÑò) Ýöí Þóæúáöåö: ÝóÖõÑöÈó Èóíúäóåõãú ÈöÓõæÑò áóåõ ÈÇÈñ ÈÇØöäõåõ Ýöíåö ÇáÑøóÍúãóÉõ æóÙÇåöÑõåõ ãöäú ÞöÈóáöåö ÇáúÚóÐÇÈõ Ýöí ÓõæÑóÉö ÇáúÍóÏöíÏö [13] .
æóÑõÈøóãóÇ ÊõÏúÚóì ÈöÃóÓúãóÇÁö ÇáúÍõÑõæÝö ÇáúãõÞóØøóÚóÉö ÇáøóÊöí Ýöí ÃóæøóáöåóÇ æóåöíó: «ÃóáöÝú- áóÇãú- ãöíãú- ÕóÇÏú»
ÃóÎúÑóÌó ÇáäøóÓóÇÆöíøõ ãöäú ÍóÏöíËö ÃóÈöí ÇáúÃóÓúæóÏö¡ Úóäú ÚõÑúæóÉó¡ Úóäú ÒóíúÏö Èúäö ËóÇÈöÊò: Ãóäøóåõ ÞóÇáó áöãóÑúæóÇäó: áóÞóÏú ÑóÃóíúÊõ ÑóÓõæá Çááå Õóáøóì Çááåõ Úóáóíúåö æóÓóáøóãó íóÞúÑóÃõ Ýöí ÇáúãóÛúÑöÈö ÈöÃóØúæóáö ÇáØøõæáóíóíúäö: «ÃóáöÝú¡ áóÇãú¡ ãöíãú¡ ÕóÇÏú»
. æóåõæó íóÌöíÁõ(8-È/5)
Úóáóì ÇáúÞóæúáö ÈöÃóäøó ÇáúÍõÑõæÝó ÇáúãõÞóØøóÚóÉó ÇáøóÊöí Ýöí ÃóæóÇÆöáö ÈóÚúÖö ÇáÓøõæÑö åöíó ÃóÓúãóÇÁñ áöáÓøõæóÑö ÇáúæóÇÞöÚóÉö ÝöíåóÇ¡ æóåõæó ÖóÚöíÝñ¡ ÝóáóÇ íóßõæäõ (ÇáãÕ) ÇÓúãðÇ áöáÓøõæÑóÉö¡ æóÅöØúáóÇÞõåõ ÚóáóíúåóÇ ÅöäøóãóÇ
åõæó Úóáóì ÊóÞúÏöíÑö ÇáÊøóÚúÑöíÝö ÈöÇáúÅöÖóÇÝóÉö Åöáóì ÇáÓøõæÑóÉö ÐóÇÊö ÇáãÕ¡ æóßóÐóáößó ÓóãøóÇåóÇ ÇáÔøóíúÎõ ÇÈúäõ ÃóÈöí ÒóíúÏò Ýöí «ÇáÑøöÓóÇáóÉö» Ýöí ÈóÇÈö ÓõÌõæÏö ÇáúÞõÑúÂäö. æóáóãú íóÚõÏøõæÇ åóÐöåö ÇáÓøõæóÑö ÐóÇÊö ÇáúÃóÓúãóÇÁö ÇáúãõÊóÚóÏøöÏóÉö. æóÃóãøóÇ ãóÇ Ýöí ÍóÏöíËö ÒóíúÏò ãä ÃäøåÇ ÊÏÚì Øõæáóì ÇáØøõæáóíóíúäö ÝóÚóáóì ÅöÑóÇÏóÉö ÇáúæóÕúÝö Ïõæäó ÇáÊáÞíÈ. æóÐßÑ ÇáÝíÑæÒ ÈóÇÏöí Ýöí ßÊÇÈ «ÈóÕóÇÆöÑö Ðóæöí ÇáÊøóãúíöíÒö» Ãóäøó åóÐöåö ÇáÓøõæÑóÉó ÊõÓóãøóì ÓõæÑóÉó ÇáúãöíÞóÇÊö áöÇÔúÊöãóÇáöåóÇ Úóáóì ÐößúÑö ãöíÞóÇÊö ãõæÓóì Ýöí Þóæúáöåö: æóáóãøóÇ ÌÇÁó ãõæÓì áöãöíÞÇÊöäÇ [ÇáúÃóÚúÑóÇÝ: 143] . æóÃóäøóåóÇ ÊõÓóãøóì ÓõæÑóÉó ÇáúãöíËóÇÞö áöÇÔúÊöãóÇáöåóÇ Úóáóì ÍóÏöíËö ÇáúãöíËóÇÞö Ýöí Þóæúáöåö: ÃóáóÓúÊõ ÈöÑóÈøößõãú ÞÇáõæÇ Èóáì (1) [ÇáúÃóÚúÑóÇÝ: 172] .
æóåöíó ãóßøöíøóÉñ ÈöáóÇ ÎöáóÇÝò. Ëõãøó Þöíáó ÌóãöíÚõåóÇ ãóßøöíøñ¡ æóåõæó ÙóÇåöÑõ ÑöæóÇíóÉö ãõÌóÇåöÏò æóÚóØóÇÁò ÇáúÎõÑóÇÓóÇäöíøö Úóäö ÇÈúäö ÚóÈøóÇÓò¡ æóßóÐóáößó äõÞöáó Úóäö ÇÈúäö ÇáÒøõÈóíúÑö¡ æóÞöíáó äóÒóáó ÈóÚúÖõåóÇ ÈöÇáúãóÏöíäóÉö¡ ÞóÇáó ÞóÊóÇÏóÉ ÂíóÉ: æóÓúÆóáúåõãú Úóäö ÇáúÞóÑúíóÉö ÇáøóÊöí ßÇäóÊú ÍÇÖöÑóÉó ÇáúÈóÍúÑö [ÇáúÃóÚúÑóÇÝ: 163] äóÒóáóÊú ÈöÇáúãóÏöíäóÉö¡ æóÞóÇáó ãõÞóÇÊöáñ ãä Þóæúáå: æóÓúÆóáúåõãú Úóäö ÇáúÞóÑúíóÉö- Åöáóì Þóæúáöåö- æóÅöÐú ÃóÎóÐó ÑóÈøõßó ãöäú Èóäöí ÂÏóãó ãöäú ÙõåõæÑöåöãú ÐÑíÇÊåã [ÇáúÃóÚúÑóÇÝ: 172] äóÒóáóÊú ÈöÇáúãóÏöíäóÉö¡ ÝóÅöÐóÇ ÕóÍøó åóÐóÇ ÇÍúÊóãóáó Ãóäú Êóßõæäó ÇáÓøõæÑóÉõ äÒáÊ ÈöãóßøóÉó Ëõãøó ÃõáúÍöÞó ÈöåóÇ ÇáúÂíóÊóÇäö ÇáúãóÐúßõæÑóÊóÇäö¡ æóÇÍúÊóãóáó ÃóäøóåóÇ äóÒóáóÊú ÈöãóßøóÉó æóÃóßúãóáó ãöäúåóÇ ÈóÞöíøóÊóåóÇ ÊóÇäößó ÇáúÂíóÊóÇäö.
æóáóãú ÃóÞöÝú Úóáóì ãóÇ íõÖúÈóØõ Èöåö ÊóÇÑöíÎõ äõÒõæáöåóÇ æóÚóäú ÌóÇÈöÑö Èúäö ÒóíúÏò ÃóäøóåóÇ äóÒóáóÊú ÈóÚúÏó ÓõæÑóÉö Õ æóÞÈá ÓõæÑóÉö Þõáú ÃõæÍöíó [ÇáúÌöäø: 1] ¡ æóÙóÇåöÑõ ÍóÏöíËö ÇÈúäö ÚóÈøóÇÓò Ýöí «ÕóÍöíÍö ÇáúÈõÎóÇÑöíøö» Ãóäøó ÓõæÑóÉó Þõáú ÃõæÍöíó ÃõäúÒöáóÊú Ýöí Ãóæøóáö ÇáúÅöÓúáóÇãö Íöíäó
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ÇáúÈóÞóÑóÉö¡ æóÂáö ÚöãúÑóÇäó¡ æóÇáäøöÓóÇÁö¡ æóÇáúãóÇÆöÏóÉö¡ Ëõãøó ÐõßöÑó Çáúãóßøöíøõ æóåõæó: ÇáúÃóäúÚóÇãõ¡ æóÇáúÃóÚúÑóÇÝõ Úóáóì ÊóÑúÊöíÈö ÇáúãõÕúÍóÝö ÇáúÚõËúãóÇäöíøö ÇÚúÊöÈóÇÑðÇ ÈöÃóäøó ÓõæÑóÉó ÇáúÃóäúÚóÇãö ÃõäúÒöáóÊú ÈöãóßøóÉó ÈóÚúÏó ÓõæÑóÉö ÇáúÃóÚúÑóÇÝö Ýóåöíó
ÃóÞúÑóÈõ Åöáóì ÇáúãóÏóäöíøö ãöäó ÇáÓøõæóÑö ÇáØøöæóÇáö.
æóåöíó ãóÚúÏõæÏóÉñ ÇáÊøóÇÓöÚóÉõ æóÇáËøóáóÇËöíäó Ýöí ÊóÑúÊöíÈö äõÒõæáö ÇáÓøõæóÑö ÚöäúÏó ÌóÇÈöÑö Èúäö ÒóíúÏò Úóäö ÇÈúäö ÚóÈøóÇÓò¡ äóÒóáóÊú ÈóÚúÏó ÓõæÑóÉö Õ æóÞóÈúáó ÓõæÑóÉö ÇáúÌöäøö¡ ßóãóÇ ÊóÞóÏøóãó¡ ÞóÇáõæÇ ÌóÚóáóåóÇ ÇÈúäõ ãóÓúÚõæÏò Ýöí ãõÕúÍóÝöåö ÚóÞöÈó ÓõæÑóÉö ÇáúÈóÞóÑóÉö æóÌóÚóáó ÈóÚúÏóåóÇ ÓõæÑóÉó ÇáäøöÓóÇÁö¡ Ëõãøó Âáö ÚöãúÑóÇäó¡ æóæóÞóÚó Ýöí ãõÕúÍóÝö ÃõÈóíøò ÈóÚúÏó Âáö ÚöãúÑóÇäó ÇáúÃóäúÚóÇãõ Ëõãøó ÇáúÃóÚúÑóÇÝõ¡ æóÓõæÑóÉõ ÇáäøöÓóÇÁö åöíó ÇáøóÊöí Êóáöí ÓõæÑóÉó ÇáúÈóÞóÑóÉö Ýöí ÇáØøõæáö æóÓõæÑóÉõ ÇáúÃóÚúÑóÇÝö Êóáöí ÓõæÑóÉó ÇáäøöÓóÇÁö Ýöí ÇáØøõæáö.
æóÚóÏøõ Âíö ÓõæÑóÉö ÇáúÃóÚúÑóÇÝö ãöÇÆóÊóÇäö æóÓöÊøõ ÂíóÇÊò Ýöí ÚóÏøö Ãóåúáö ÇáúãóÏöíäóÉö æóÇáúßõæÝóÉö¡ æóãöÇÆóÊóÇäö æóÎóãúÓñ Ýöí ÚóÏøö Ãóåúáö ÇáÔøóÇãö æóÇáúÈóÕúÑóÉö¡ ÞóÇáó Ýöí «ÇáúÅöÊúÞóÇäö» æóÞíá ãöÇÆóÊóÇä æóÓÈÚ.
ÃÛÑÇÖåÇ
ÇÝúÊõÊöÍóÊú åóÐöåö ÇáÓøõæÑóÉõ ÈöÇáÊøóäúæöíåö ÈöÇáúÞõÑúÂäö æóÇáúæóÚúÏö ÈÊíÓíÑå Úáì ÇáäøÈí Õóáøóì Çááåõ Úóáóíúåö æóÓóáøóãó áöíóÈúáõÛóåõ æóßóÇäó ÇÝúÊöÊóÇÍõåóÇ ßóáóÇãðÇ ÌóÇãöÚðÇ æóåõæó ãõäóÇÓöÈñ(8-È/7)
áöãóÇ ÇÔúÊóãóáóÊú Úóáóíúåö ÇáÓøõæÑóÉõ ãöäó ÇáúãóÞóÇÕöÏö Ýóåõæó ÇÝúÊöÊóÇÍñ æóÇÑöÏñ Úóáóì ÃóÍúÓóäö æõÌõæåö ÇáúÈóíóÇäö æóÃóßúãóáöåóÇ ÔóÃúäó ÓõæóÑö ÇáúÞõÑúÂäö.
æóÊóÏõæÑõ ãóÞóÇÕöÏõ åóÐöåö ÇáÓøõæÑóÉö Úóáóì ãöÍúæóÑö ãóÞóÇÕöÏò ãöäúåóÇ:
Çáäøóåúíõ Úóäö ÇÊøöÎóÇÐö ÇáÔøõÑóßóÇÁö ãöäú Ïõæäö Çááøóåö.
æóÅöäúÐóÇÑõ ÇáúãõÔúÑößöíäó Úóäú ÓõæÁö ÚóÇÞöÈóÉö ÇáÔøöÑúßö Ýöí ÇáÏøõäúíóÇ æóÇáúÂÎöÑóÉö.
æóæóÕúÝõ ãóÇ Íóáøó ÈöÇáúãõÔúÑößöíäó æóÇáøóÐöíäó ßóÐøóÈõæÇ ÇáÑøõÓõáó: ãöäú ÓõæÁö ÇáúÚóÐóÇÈö Ýöí ÇáÏøõäúíóÇ¡ æóãóÇ ÓóíóÍõáøõ Èöåöãú Ýöí ÇáúÂÎöÑóÉö.
ÊóÐúßöíÑõ ÇáäøóÇÓö ÈöäöÚúãóÉö ÎóáúÞö ÇáúÃóÑúÖö¡ æóÊóãúßöíäõ ÇáäøóæúÚö ÇáúÅöäúÓóÇäöíøö ãöäú ÎóíúÑóÇÊö ÇáúÃóÑúÖö¡ æóÈöäöÚúãóÉö Çááøóåö Úóáóì åóÐóÇ ÇáäøóæúÚö ÈöÎóáúÞö ÃóÕúáöåö æóÊóÝúÖöíáöåö.
æóãóÇ äóÔóÃó ãöäú ÚóÏóÇæóÉö ÌöäúÓö ÇáÔøóíúØóÇäö áöäóæúÚö ÇáúÅöäúÓóÇäö.
æóÊóÍúÐöíÑõ ÇáäøóÇÓö ãöäó ÇáÊøóáóÈøõÓö ÈöÈóÞóÇíóÇ ãóßúÑö ÇáÔøóíúØóÇäö ãöäú ÊóÓúæöíáöåö ÅöíøóÇåõãú ÍöÑúãóÇäó ÃóäúÝõÓöåöãõ ÇáØøóíøöÈóÇÊö¡ æóãöäó ÇáúæõÞõæÚö ÝöíãóÇ íóÒõÌøõ Èöåöãú Ýöí ÇáúÚóÐóÇÈö Ýöí ÇáúÂÎöÑóÉö.
æóæóÕúÝõ ÃóåúæóÇáö íóæúãó ÇáúÌóÒóÇÁö áöáúãõÌúÑöãöíäó æóßóÑóÇãóÇÊöåö áöáúãõÊøóÞöíäó.
æóÇáÊøóÐúßöíÑõ ÈöÇáúÈóÚúËö æóÊóÞúÑöíÈõ Ïóáöíáöåö.
æóÇáäøóåúíõ Úóäö ÇáúÝóÓóÇÏö Ýöí ÇáúÃóÑúÖö ÇáøóÊöí ÃóÕúáóÍóåóÇ Çááøóåõ áöÝóÇÆöÏóÉö ÇáúÅöäúÓóÇäö.
æóÇáÊøóÐúßöíÑõ ÈöÈóÏöíÚö ãóÇ ÃóæúÌóÏóåõ Çááøóåõ áöÅöÕúáóÇÍöåóÇ æóÅöÍúíóÇÆöåóÇ.
æóÇáÊøóÐúßöíÑõ ÈöãóÇ ÃóæúÏóÚó Çááøóåõ Ýöí ÝöØúÑóÉö ÇáúÅöäúÓóÇäö ãöäú æóÞúÊö Êóßúæöíäö ÃóÕúáöåö Ãóäú íóÞúÈóáõæÇ ÏóÚúæóÉó ÑõÓõáö Çááøóåö Åöáóì ÇáÊøóÞúæóì æóÇáúÅöÕúáóÇÍö.
æóÃóÝóÇÖó Ýöí ÃóÍúæóÇáö ÇáÑøõÓõáö ãóÚó ÃÞæÇãåã ÇáúãõÔúÑßíä¡ æóãóÇ áóÇÞóæúåõ ãöäú ÚöäóÇÏöåöãú æóÃóÐóÇåõãú¡ æóÃóäúÐóÑó ÈöÚóÏóãö ÇáöÇÛúÊöÑóÇÑö ÈöÅöãúåóÇáö Çááøóåö ÇáäøóÇÓó ÞóÈúáó Ãóäú íõäúÒöáó Èöåöãõ ÇáúÚóÐóÇÈó¡ ÅÚÐÇÑÇð áóåõãú Ãóäú íõÞúáöÚõæÇ Úóäú ßõÝúÑöåöãú æóÚöäóÇÏöåöãú¡ ÝóÅöäøó ÇáúÚóÐóÇÈó íóÃúÊöíåöãú ÈóÛúÊóÉð ÈóÚúÏó Ðóáößó ÇáúÅöãúåóÇáö.(8-È/8)
ÇáãÕ (1)
æóÃóØóÇáó ÇáúÞóæúáó Ýöí ÞöÕøóÉö ãõæÓóì Úóáóíúåö ÇáÓøóáóÇãõ ãóÚó ÝöÑúÚóæúäó¡ æóÝöí ÊóÕóÑøõÝóÇÊö Èóäöí ÅöÓúÑóÇÆöíáó ãóÚó ãõæÓóì Úóáóíúåö ÇáÓøóáóÇãõ.
æóÊóÎóáøóáó ÞöÕøóÊóåõ ÈöÔóÇÑóÉõ Çááøóåö ÈÈÚËÉ ãÍãøÏ Õóáøóì Çááåõ Úóáóíúåö æóÓóáøóãó æóÕöÝóÉö ÃõãøóÊöåö æóÝóÖúáö Ïöíäöåö.
Ëõãøó ÊóÎóáøóÕó Åöáóì ãóæúÚöÙóÉö ÇáúãõÔúÑößöíäó ßóíúÝó ÈóÏøóáõæÇ ÇáúÍóäöíÝöíøóÉó æóÊóÞóáøóÏõæÇ ÇáÔøöÑúßó¡ æóÖóÑóÈó áóåõãú ãóËóáðÇ Èöãóäú ÂÊóÇåõ Çááøóåõ ÇáúÂíóÇÊö ÝóæóÓúæóÓó áóåõ ÇáÔøóíúØóÇäõ ÝóÇäúÓóáóÎó Úóäö ÇáúåõÏóì.
æóæóÕóÝó ÍóÇáó Ãóåúáö ÇáÖøóáóÇáóÉö æóæóÕóÝó ÊóßúÐöíÈóåõãú ÈöãóÇ ÌóÇÁó Èöåö ÇáÑøóÓõæáõ æóæóÕóÝó ÂáöåóÊóåõãú ÈöãóÇ íõäóÇÝöí ÇáÅáÇåíøÉ æóÃóäøó áöáøóåö ÇáÕøöÝóÇÊö ÇáúÍõÓúäóì ÕöÝóÇÊö ÇáúßóãóÇáö.
Ëõãøó ÃóãóÑó Çááøóåõ ÑóÓõæáóåõ Úóáóíúåö ÇáÕøóáóÇÉõ æóÇáÓøóáóÇãõ æóÇáúãõÓúáöãöíäó ÈöÓóÚóÉö ÇáÕøóÏúÑö æóÇáúãõÏóÇæóãóÉö Úóáóì ÇáÏøóÚúæóÉö æóÍóÐøóÑóåõãú ãöäú ãóÏóÇÎöáö ÇáÔøóíúØóÇäö ÈöãõÑóÇÞóÈóÉö Çááøóåö ÈöÐößúÑöåö ÓöÑøðÇ æóÌóåúÑðÇ æóÇáúÅöÞúÈóÇáö Úáì ÚöÈóÇÏóÊå.
[1]
[ÓõæÑóÉ ÇáúÃóÚúÑóÇÝ (7) : ÂíóÉ 1]
ÈöÓúãö Çááøóåö ÇáÑøóÍúãäö ÇáÑøóÍöíãö
ÇáãÕ (1)
åóÐöåö ÇáúÍõÑõæÝõ ÇáúÃóÑúÈóÚóÉõ ÇáúãõÞóØøóÚóÉõ ÇáøóÊöí ÇÝúÊõÊöÍóÊú ÈöåóÇ åóÇÊöåö ÇáÓøõæÑóÉõ¡ íõäúØóÞõ ÈöÃóÓúãóÇÆöåóÇ (ÃóáöÝú- áóÇãú- ãöíãú- ÕóÇÏú) ßóãóÇ íóäúØöÞõ ÈöÇáúÍõÑõæÝö ãõáóÞøöäõ ÇáúãõÊóÚóáøöãöíäó áöáúåöÌóÇÁö Ýöí ÇáúãóßúÊóÈö¡ áöÃóäøó ÇáúãóÞúÕõæÏó ÈöåóÇ ÃóÓúãóÇÁõ ÇáúÍõÑõæÝö áóÇ ãõÓóãøóíóÇÊõåóÇ æóÃóÔúßóÇáõåóÇ¡ ßóãóÇ Ãóäøóßó ÅöÐóÇ ÃóÎúÈóÑúÊó Úóäú ÃóÍóÏò ÈöÎóÈóÑò ÊóÐúßõÑõ ÇÓúãó ÇáúãõÎúÈóÑö Úóäúåõ Ïõæäó Ãóäú ÊóÚúÑöÖó ÕõæÑóÊóåõ Ãóæú ÐóÇÊóåõ¡ ÝóÊóÞõæáõ ãóËóáðÇ: áóÞöíÊõ ÒóíúÏðÇ¡ æóáóÇ ÊóÞõæáõ: áóÞöíÊõ åóÐöåö ÇáÕøõæÑóÉó¡ æóáóÇ áóÞöíÊõ åóÐöåö ÇáÐøóÇÊó.
ÝóÇáäøõØúÞõ ÈöÃóÓúãóÇÁö ÇáúÍõÑõæÝö åõæó ãõÞúÊóÖóì æõÞõæÚöåóÇ Ýöí ÃóæóÇÆöáö ÇáÓøõæóÑö ÇáøóÊöí ÇÝúÊõÊöÍóÊú ÈöåóÇ¡ áÞÕÏ ÇáÊøÚÑíÖ ÈÊÚÌíÒ ÇáøóÐöíäó ÃóäúßóÑõæÇ äõÒõæáó ÇáúÞõÑúÂäö ãöäú ÚöäúÏö Çááøóåö ÊóÚóÇáóì¡ Ãóíú ÊóÚúÌöíÒö ÈõáóÛóÇÆöåöãú Úóäú
ãõÚóÇÑóÖóÊöåö ÈöãöËúáöåö ßóãóÇ ÊóÞóÏøóãó Ýöí ÓõæÑóÉö ÇáúÈóÞóÑóÉö.(8-È/9)
ßöÊóÇÈñ ÃõäúÒöáó Åöáóíúßó ÝóáóÇ íóßõäú Ýöí ÕóÏúÑößó ÍóÑóÌñ ãöäúåõ áöÊõäúÐöÑó Èöåö æóÐößúÑóì áöáúãõÄúãöäöíäó (2)
æóÅöäøóãóÇ ÑóÓóãõæåóÇ Ýöí ÇáúãóÕóÇÍöÝö ÈöÕõæóÑö ÇáúÍõÑõæÝö Ïõæäó ÃóÓúãóÇÆöåóÇ¡ Ãóíú ÈöãõÓóãøóíóÇÊö ÇáúÍõÑõæÝö ÇáøóÊöí íõäúØóÞõ ÈöÃóÓúãóÇÆöåóÇ æóáóãú íóÑúÓõãõæåóÇ ÈöãóÇ ÊõÞúÑóÃõ Èöåö ÃóÓúãóÇÄõåóÇ¡ ãõÑóÇÚóÇÉð áöÍóÇáóÉö ÇáÊøóåóÌøöí (ÝöíãóÇ ÃóÍúÓóÈõ) ¡ Ãóäøóåõãú áóæú ÑóÓóãõæåóÇ ÈöÇáúÍõÑõæÝö ÇáøóÊöí íõäúØóÞõ ÈöåóÇ ÚöäúÏó ÐößúÑö ÃóÓúãóÇÆöåóÇ ÎóÔõæÇ Ãóäú íóáúÊóÈöÓó ãóÌúãõæÚõ ÍõÑõæÝö ÇáúÃóÓúãóÇÁö ÈößóáöãóÇÊò ãöËúáó (íÇÓíä) ¡ áóæú ÑõÓöãóÊú ÈöÃóÓúãóÇÁö ÍõÑõæÝöåóÇ Ãóäú ÊóáúÊóÈöÓó ÈöäöÏóÇÁö ãóäö ÇÓúãõåõ Óöíäñ.
ÝóÚóÏóáõæÇ Åöáóì ÑóÓúãö ÇáúÍõÑõæÝö ÚöáúãðÇ ÈöÃóäøó ÇáúÞóÇÑöÆó Ýöí ÇáúãõÕúÍóÝö ÅöÐóÇ æóÌóÏó ÕõæÑóÉó ÇáúÍóÑúÝö äóØóÞó ÈöÇÓúãö Êöáúßó ÇáÕøõæÑóÉö. Úóáóì ãõÚúÊóÇÏöåöãú Ýöí ÇáÊøóåóÌøöí ØóÑúÏðÇ áöáÑøóÓúãö Úóáóì æóÊöíÑóÉò æóÇÍöÏóÉò.
Úóáóì Ãóäøó ÑóÓúãó ÇáúãõÕúÍóÝö ÓõäøóÉñ ÓóäøóåóÇ ßõÊøóÇÈõ ÇáúãóÕóÇÍöÝö ÝóÃõÞöÑøóÊú. æóÅöäøóãóÇ ÇáúÚõãúÏóÉõ Ýöí ÇáäøõØúÞö ÈöÇáúÞõÑúÂäö Úóáóì ÇáÑøöæóÇíóÉö æóÇáÊøóáóÞøöí¡ æóãóÇ ÌõÚöáóÊú ßöÊóÇÈóÉõ ÇáúãõÕúÍóÝö ÅöáøóÇ ÊóÐúßöÑóÉð æóÚóæúäðÇ áöáúãõÊóáóÞøöí.
æóÊóÞóÏøóãó åóÐóÇ Ýöí Ãóæøóáö ÓõæÑóÉö ÇáúÈóÞóÑóÉö æóÝöíãóÇ åõäóÇ ÒöíóÇÏóÉ Úóáóíúåö.
[2]
[ÓõæÑóÉ ÇáúÃóÚúÑóÇÝ (7) : ÂíóÉ 2]
ßöÊÇÈñ ÃõäúÒöáó Åöáóíúßó ÝóáÇ íóßõäú Ýöí ÕóÏúÑößó ÍóÑóÌñ ãöäúåõ áöÊõäúÐöÑó Èöåö æóÐößúÑì áöáúãõÄúãöäöíäó (2)
ÐóßóÑúäóÇ Ýöí ØóÇáöÚóÉö ÓõæÑóÉö ÇáúÈóÞóÑóÉö Ãóäøó ÇáúÍõÑõæÝó ÇáúãõÞóØøóÚóÉó Ýöí ÃóæóÇÆöáö ÇáÓøõæóÑö ÃõÚúÞöÈóÊú ÈöÐößúÑö ÇáúÞõÑúÂäö Ãóæö ÇáúæóÍúí Ãóæ ãóÇ Ýöí ãóÚúäóì Ðóáößó¡ æóÐóáößó íõÑóÌøöÍõ Ãóäøó ÇáúãóÞúÕõæÏó ãöäú åóÐöåö ÇáúÍõÑõæÝö ÇáÊøóåóÌøöí¡ ÅöÈúáóÇÛðÇ Ýöí ÇáÊøóÍóÏøöí áöáúÚóÑóÈö ÈöÇáúÚóÌúÒö Úóäö ÇáúÅöÊúíóÇäö ÈöãöËúáö ÇáúÞõÑúÂäö æóÊóÎúÝöíÝðÇ áöáúÚöÈúÁö Úóä ÇáäøÈíÁ Õóáøóì Çááåõ Úóáóíúåö æóÓóáøóãó¡ ÝóÊöáúßó ÌõãúáóÉñ ãõÓúÊóÞöáøóÉñ æóåöíó åõäóÇ ãóÚúÏõæÏóÉñ ÂíóÉð æóáóãú ÊõÚóÏøó Ýöí ÈóÚúÖö ÇáÓøõæóÑö.
ÝóÞóæúáõåõ: ßöÊÇÈñ ãõÈúÊóÏóÃñ æóæóÞóÚó ÇáöÇÈúÊöÏóÇÁõ¡ ÈöÇáäøóßöÑóÉö ÃóãøóÇ áöÃóäøóåóÇ ÃõÑöíÏó(8-È/10)
ÈöåóÇ ÇáäøóæúÚõ áóÇ ÇáúÝóÑúÏõ Ýóáóãú íóßõäú Ýöí ÇáúÍõßúãö ÚóáóíúåóÇ ÅöÈúåóÇãñ æóÐóáößó ßóÞóæúáöåöãú: ÑóÌõáñ ÌóÇÁóäöí¡ Ãóíú áóÇ ÇãúÑóÃóÉó¡ æóÊóãúÑóÉñ ÎóíúÑñ ãöäú ÌóÑóÇÏóÉò¡ æóÝóÇÆöÏóÉõ ÅöÑóÇÏóÉö ÇáäøóæúÚö ÇáÑøóÏøõ Úóáóì ÇáúãõÔúÑößöíäó ÅöäúßóÇÑóåõãú Ãóäú íóßõæäó ÇáúÞõÑúÂäõ ãöäú ÚöäúÏö Çááøóåö¡ æóÇÓúÊöÈúÚóÇÏóåõãú Ðóáößó¡ ÝóÐóßøóÑóåõãõ Çááøóåõ ÈöÃóäøóåõ ßöÊóÇÈñ ãöäú äóæúÚö ÇáúßõÊõÈö ÇáúãõäóÒøóáóÉö Úóáóì ÇáúÃóäúÈöíóÇÁö¡ ÝóßóãóÇ äóÒóáóÊú ÕõÍõÝõ ÅöÈúÑóÇåöíãó æóßöÊóÇÈõ ãõæÓóì ßóÐóáößó äóÒóáó åóÐóÇ ÇáúÞõÑúÂäõ¡ Ýóíóßõæäõ ÊóäúßöíÑõ ÇáäøóæúÚöíøóÉö áöÏóÝúÚö ÇáöÇÓúÊöÈúÚóÇÏö¡ æóäóÙöíÑõåõ Þóæúáõåõ ÊóÚóÇáóì: ÞÇáõæÇ áóÇ ÊóÎóÝú ÎóÕúãÇäö ÈóÛì ÈóÚúÖõäÇ Úóáì ÈóÚúÖò [Õ: 22] ÝóÇáÊøóäúßöíÑõ áöáäøóæúÚöíøóÉö.
æóÃóãøóÇ áöÃóäøó ÇáÊøóäúßöíÑó ÃõÑöíÏó Èöåö ÇáÊøóÚúÙöíãõ ßóÞóæúáöåöãú: «ÔóÑøñ ÃóåóÑøó ÐóÇ äóÇÈò» Ãóíú ÔóÑøñ ÚóÙöíãñ. æóÞóæúáõ
ÚõæóíúÝö ÇáúÞóæóÇÝöí:
ÎóÈóÑñ ÃóÊóÇäöí Úóäú ÚõíóíúäóÉó ãõæÌöÚñ ... ßóÇÏóÊú Úóáóíúåö ÊóÕóÏøóÚõ ÇáúÃóßúÈóÇÏõ
Ãóíú åõæó ßöÊóÇÈñ ÚóÙöíãñ ÊóäúæöíåðÇ ÈöÔóÃúäöåö ÝóÕóÇÑó ÇáÊøóäúßöíÑõ Ýöí ãóÚúäóì ÇáÊøóæúÕöíÝö.
æóÅöãøóÇ áöÃóäøóåõ ÃõÑöíÏó ÈöÇáÊøóäúßöíÑö ÇáÊøóÚúÌöíÈõ ãöäú ÔóÃúäö åóÐóÇ ÇáúßöÊóÇÈö Ýöí ÌóãöíÚö ãóÇ ÍõÝøó Èöåö ãöäó ÇáúÈóáóÇÛóÉö æóÇáúÝóÕóÇÍóÉö æóÇáúÅöÚúÌóÇÒö æóÇáúÅöÑúÔóÇÏö¡ æóßóæúäõåõ äóÇÒöáðÇ Úóáóì ÑóÌõáò Ãõãøöíøò.
æóÞóæúáõåõ: ÃõäúÒöáó Åöáóíúßó íóÌõæÒõ Ãóäú íóßõæäó ÕöÝóÉð áö ßöÊÇÈñ Ýóíóßõæäó ãõÓóæøöÛðÇ ËóÇäöíðÇ áöáöÇÈúÊöÏóÇÁö ÈöÇáäøóßöÑóÉö æóíóÌõæÒõ Ãóäú íóßõæäó åõæó ÇáúÎóÈóÑõ ÝóíóÌõæÒõ Ãóäú íóßõæäó ÇáúãóÞúÕõæÏõ ãöäó ÇáúÃóÎúÈóÇÑö ÊóÐúßöíÑõ ÇáúãõäúßöÑöíäó æÇáãßÇÈÑíä¡ áÃäø ÇáäøÈí Õóáøóì Çááåõ Úóáóíúåö æóÓóáøóãó æóÇáúãõÄúãöäöíäó íóÚúáóãõæäó Ãóäøóåõ ÃõäúÒöáó ãöäú ÚöäúÏö Çááøóåö¡ ÝóáóÇ íóÍúÊóÇÌõæäó Åöáóì ÇáúÅöÎúÈóÇÑö Èöåö¡ ÝóÇáúÎóÈóÑõ ãõÓúÊóÚúãóáñ Ýöí ÇáÊøóÚúÑöíÖö ÈöÊóÛúáöíØö ÇáúãõÔúÑößöíäó æóÇáúãõßóÇÈöÑöíäó æóÇáúÞóÇÕöÏöíäó ÅöÛóÇÙóÉó ÇáÑøóÓõæáö Úóáóíúåö ÇáÕøóáóÇÉõ æóÇáÓøóáóÇãõ ÈöÇáúÅöÚúÑóÇÖö¡ æóíóÌõæÒõ Ãóäú íóßõæäó ÇáúãóÞúÕõæÏõ ãöäó ÇáúÎóÈóÑö ÇáöÇãúÊöäóÇäõ æóÇáÊøóÐúßöíÑõ ÈöÇáäøöÚúãóÉö¡ Ýóíóßõæäõ ÇáúÎóÈóÑõ ãõÓúÊóÚúãóáðÇ Ýöí ÇáöÇãúÊöäóÇäö Úóáóì ØóÑöíÞóÉö ÇáúãóÌóÇÒö ÇáúãõÑúÓóáö ÇáúãõÑóßøóÈö.
æóíóÌõæÒõ Ãóäú íõÌúÚóáó ÇáúÎóÈóÑõ åõæó Þóæúáõåõ: ÃõäúÒöáó Åöáóíúßó ãóÚó ãóÇ ÇäúÖóãøó Åöáóíúåö ãöäó(8-È/11)
ÇáÊøóÝúÑöíÚö æóÇáÊøóÚúáöíáö¡ Ãóíú åõæó ßöÊóÇÈñ ÃõäúÒöáó Åöáóíúßó Ýóßõäú ãõäúÔóÑöÍó ÇáÕøóÏúÑö Èöåö¡ ÝóÅöäøóåõ ÃõäúÒöáó Åöáóíúßó áöÊõäúÐöÑó Èöåö ÇáúßóÇÝöÑöíäó æóÊõÐóßøöÑó ÇáúãõÄúãöäöíäó¡ æóÇáúãóÞúÕõæÏõ: ÊÓßíä äÝÓ ÇáäøÈí Õóáøóì Çááåõ Úóáóíúåö æóÓóáøóãó¡ æóÅöÛóÇÙóÉõ ÇáúßóÇÝöÑöíäó¡ æóÊóÃúäöíÓõ ÇáúãõÄúãöäöíäó¡ Ãóíú åõæó ßöÊóÇÈñ ÃõäúÒöáó áöÝóÇÆöÏóÉò¡ æóÞóÏú ÍóÕóáóÊö ÇáúÝóÇÆöÏóÉõ ÝóáóÇ íßä Ýöí ÕÑß ÍóÑóÌñ Åöäú ßóÐøóÈõæÇ. æóÈöåóÐöåö ÇáöÇÚúÊöÈóÇÑóÇÊö æóÈöÚóÏóãö ãõäóÇÝóÇÉö ÈóÚúÖöåóÇ áöÈóÚúÖò íõÍúãóáõ ÇáúßóáóÇãõ Úóáóì ÅöÑóÇÏóÉö ÌóãöíÚöåóÇ æóÐóáößó ãöäú ãóØóÇáöÚö ÇáÓøõæóÑö ÇáúÚóÌöíÈóÉö ÇáúÈóíóÇäö.
æóãöäó ÇáúãõÝóÓøöÑöíäó ãóäú ÞóÏøóÑõæÇ ãõÈúÊóÏóÃð ãóÍúÐõæÝðÇ¡ æóÌóÚóáõæÇ ßöÊÇÈñ ÎóÈúÑðÇ Úóäúåõ¡ Ãóíú åóÐóÇ ßöÊóÇÈñ¡ Ãóíú Ãóäøó ÇáúãõÔóÇÑó Åöáóíúåö ÇáúÞõÑúÂäõ ÇáúÍóÇÖöÑõ Ýöí ÇáÐøöåúäö¡ Ãóæö ÇáúãõÔóÇÑó Åöáóíúåö ÇáÓøõæÑóÉõ ÃõØúáöÞó ÚóáóíúåóÇ ßöÊóÇÈñ¡ æóãöäúåõãú ãóäú ÌóÚóáó ßöÊÇÈñ ÎóÈúÑðÇ Úóäú ßáãÉ ÇáãÕ [ÇáúÃóÚúÑóÇÝ: 1] æóßõáøõ Ðóáößó ÈöãóÚúÒöáò Úóäú ãóÊóÇäóÉö ÇáúãóÚúäóì.
æóÕöíÛó ÝöÚúáõ: ÃõäúÒöáó ÈöÕöíÛóÉö ÇáäøóÇÆöÈö Úóäö ÇáúÝóÇÚöáö ÇÎúÊöÕóÇÑðÇ¡ áöáúÚöáúãö ÈöÝóÇÚöáö ÇáúÅöäúÒóÇáö¡ áöÃóäøó ÇáøóÐöí íõäúÒöáõ ÇáúßõÊõÈó Úóáóì ÇáÑøõÓõáö åõæó Çááøóåõ ÊóÚóÇáóì¡ æóáöãóÇ Ýöí ãóÇÏøóÉö ÇáúÅöäúÒóÇáö ãöäó ÇáúÅöÔúÚóÇÑö ÈöÃóäøóåõ ãöäó ÇáúæóÍúíö áöãóáóÇÆößóÉö ÇáúÚóæóÇáöãö ÇáÓøóãóÇæöíøóÉö.
æóÇáúÝóÇÁõ Ýöí Þóæúáöåö: ÝóáÇ íóßõäú Ýöí ÕóÏúÑößó ÇÚÊÑÇÖíÉ ÅöÐÇ ÇáúÌõãúáóÉõ ãõÚúÊóÑöÖóÉñ Èóíúäó ÝöÚúáö ÃõäúÒöáó æóãõÊóÚóáøöÞöåö æóåõæó áöÊõäúÐöÑó Èöåö¡ ÝóÅöäøó ÇáöÇÚúÊöÑóÇÖó íóßõæäõ ãõÞúÊóÑöäðÇ ÈöÇáúÝóÇÁö ßóãóÇ íóßõæäõ ãõÞúÊóÑöäðÇ
ÈöÇáúæóÇæö ßóãóÇ Ýöí Þóæúáöåö ÊóÚóÇáóì: åóÐóÇ ÝóáúíóÐõæÞõæåõ Íóãöíãñ æóÛóÓøóÇÞñ [Õ: 57] æóÞóæúáöåö: Åöäú íóßõäú ÛóäöíøðÇ Ãóæú ÝóÞöíÑÇð ÝóÇááøóåõ Ãóæúáì ÈöåöãÇ ÝóáÇ ÊóÊøóÈöÚõæÇ Çáúåóæì [ÇáäøöÓóÇÁ: 135] . æóÞóæúáö ÇáÔøóÇÚöÑö æóåõæó ãöäó ÇáÔøóæóÇåöÏö:
ÇÚúáóãú ÝóÚöáúãõ ÇáúãóÑúÁö íóäúÝóÚõåõ ... Ãóäú ÓóæúÝó íóÃúÊöí ßõáøõ ãóÇ ÞõÏøöÑóÇ
æóÞóæúáö ÈóÔøóÇÑö Èúäö ÈõÑúÏò:
ßóÞóÇÆöáóÉò Åöäøó ÇáúÍöãóÇÑó ÝóäóÍøöåö ... Úóäö ÇáúÞóÊøö Ãóåúáõ ÇáÓøöãúÓöãö ÇáúãõÊóåóÐøöÈö
æóáóíúÓóÊö ÇáúÝóÇÁõ ÒóÇÆöÏóÉð áöáöÇÚúÊöÑóÇÖö æóáóßöäøóåóÇ ÊóÑúÌöÚõ Åöáóì ãóÚúäóì ÇáÊøóÓóÈøõÈö¡ æóÅöäøóãóÇ(8-È/12)
ÇáöÇÚúÊöÑóÇÖõ ÍóÕóáó ÈöÊóÞúÏöíãö ÌõãúáóÊöåóÇ Èóíúäó ÔóíúÆóíúäö ãõÊøóÕöáóíúäö ãõÈóÇÏóÑóÉð ãöäó ÇáúãõÊóßóáøöãö ÈöÅöÝóÇÏóÊöåö áöÃóåóãøöíøóÊöåö¡ æóÃóÕúáõ ÊóÑúÊöíÈö ÇáúßóáóÇãö åõäóÇ: ßöÊóÇÈñ ÃõäúÒöáó Åöáóíúßó áöÊõäúÐöÑó Èöåö æóÐößúÑóì áöáúãõÄúãöäöíäó ÝóáóÇ íóßõäú Ýöí ÕóÏúÑößó ÍóÑóÌñ ãöäúåõ¡ æóÞóÏú ÐóßóÑó Ýöí «ãõÛúäöí ÇááøóÈöíÈö» ÏõÎõæáó ÇáúÝóÇÁö Ýöí ÇáúÌõãúáóÉö ÇáúãõÚúÊóÑöÖóÉö æóáóãú íóÐúßõÑú Ðóáößó Ýöí ãóÚóÇäöí ÇáúÝóÇÁö ÝóÊóæóåøóãó ãõÊóæóåøöãõæäó Ãóäøó ÇáúÝóÇÁó áóÇ ÊóÞóÚõ Ýöí ÇáúÌõãúáóÉö ÇáúãõÚúÊóÑöÖóÉö.
æóÇáúãóÚúäóì Ãóäøó Çááøóåó ÃóäúÒóáóåõ Åöáóíúßó áóÇ áöíóßõæäó Ýöí ÕóÏúÑößó ÍóÑóÌñ¡ Èóáú áöíóäúÔóÑöÍó ÕóÏúÑõßó Èöåö.
æóáöÐóáößó ÌóÇÁó Ýöí äóÝúíö ÇáúÍóÑóÌö ÈöÕöíÛóÉö äóåúíö ÇáúÍóÑóÌö Úóäú Ãóäú íóÍúÕõáó Ýöí ÕÏÑ ÇáäøÈíÁ Õóáøóì Çááåõ Úóáóíúåö æóÓóáøóãó áöíóßõæäó Çáäøóåúíõ äóåúíó Êóßúæöíäò¡ ÈöãóÚúäóì Êóßúæöíäö ÇáäøóÝúíö¡ ÚóßúÓó ÃóãúÑö ÇáÊøóßúæöíäö ÇáøóÐöí åõæó ÈöãóÚúäóì Êóßúæöíäö ÇáúÅöËúÈóÇÊö. ãõËøöáó Êóßúæöíäõ äóÝúíö ÇáúÍóÑóÌö Úóäú ÕóÏúÑöåö ÈöÍóÇáóÉö äóåúíö ÇáúÚóÇÞöáö ÇáúãõÏúÑößö áöáúÎöØóÇÈö¡ Úóäö ÇáúÍõÕõæáö Ýöí ÇáúãóßóÇäö. æóÌóÚóáó ÕóÇÍöÈõ «ÇáúßóÔøóÇÝö» Çáäøóåúíó ãõÊóæóÌøöåðÇ Ýöí ÇáúÍóÞöíÞóÉö Åöáóì ÇáäøÈíÁ Õóáøóì Çááåõ Úóáóíúåö æóÓóáøóãó¡ Ãóíú äóåúíóåõ Úóäö ÇáúãõÈóÇáóÇÉö ÈöÇáúãõßóÐøöÈöíäó ÈöÇáúÞõÑúÂäö¡ æóÇáúÛóãøö ãöäú ÕóäöíÚöåöãú¡ æóÌóÚóáó Çáäøóåúíó Ýöí ÙóÇåöÑö ÇááøóÝúÙö ãõÊóæóÌøöåðÇ Åöáóì ÇáúÍóÑóÌö áöáúãõÈóÇáóÛóÉö Ýöí ÇáÊøóßúáöíÝö¡ ÈöÇÞúÊöáóÇÚöåö ãöäú ÃóÕúáöåö Úóáóì ØóÑöíÞóÉö Þóæúáö ÇáúÚóÑóÈö: «áóÇ ÃóÑóíóäøóßó åóÇåõäóÇ» Ãóíú áóÇ ÊóÍóÖõÑú ÝóÃóÑóÇßó¡ æóÞóæúáöåöãú: «áóÇ ÃóÚúÑöÝóäøóßó ÊóÝúÚóáõ ßóÐóÇ» Ãóíú áóÇ ÊóÝúÚóáúåõ ÝóÃóÚúÑöÝúßó Èöåö¡ äóåúíðÇ ÈöØóÑöíÞö ÇáúßöäóÇíóÉö¡ æóÃóíøðÇ ãóÇ ßóÇäó ÝóÇáÊøóÝúÑöíÚõ ãõäóÇÓöÈñ áöãóÚóÇäöí ÇáÊøóäúßöíÑö ÇáúãóÝúÑõæÖö Ýöí Þóæúáöåö:
ßöÊÇÈñ¡ Ãóíú ÝóáóÇ íóßõäú Ýöí ÕóÏúÑößó ÍóÑóÌñ ãöäúåõ ãöäú ÌöåóÉö ãóÇ ÌóÑøóåõ äõÒõæáõåõ Åöáóíúßó ãöäú ÊóßúÐöíÈö Þóæúãößó æóÅöäúßóÇÑöåöãú äõÒõæáóåõ¡ ÝóáóÇ íóßõäú Ýöí ÕóÏúÑößó ÍóÑóÌñ ãöäúåõ ãöäú ÚöÙóãö ÃóãúÑöåö æóÌóáóÇáóÊöåö¡ æóáóÇ íóßõäú Ýöí ÕóÏúÑößó ÍóÑóÌñ ãöäúåõ ÝóÅöäøóåõ ÓóÈóÈõ ÔóÑúÍö ÕóÏúÑößó ÈöãóÚóÇäöíåö æóÈóáóÇÛóÊöåö.
æó (ãöäö) ÇÈúÊöÏóÇÆöíøóÉñ¡ Ãóíú ÍóÑóÌñ íóäúÔóÃõ æóíóÓúÑöí ãöäú ÌóÑøóÇÁö ÇáúãóÐúßõæÑö¡ Ãóíú ãöäú ÊóßúÐöíÈö ÇáúãõßóÐøöÈöíäó Èöåö¡ ÝóáóãøóÇ ßóÇäó ÇáÊøóßúÐöíÈõ Èöåö ãä ÌãáóÉ ÔÄæäå¡ æóåõæó ÓóÈóÈõ ÇáúÍóÑóÌö¡ ÕóÍøó Ãóäú íõÌúÚóáó ÇáúÍóÑóÌõ ãõÓóÈøóÈðÇ Úóäö ÇáúßöÊóÇÈö ÈöæóÇÓöØóÉò. æóÇáúãóÚúäóì Úóáóì ÊóÞúÏöíÑö ãõÖóÇÝò Ãóíú ÍóÑóÌò ãöäú ÅöäúßóÇÑöåö Ãóíú ÅöäúßóÇÑö ÅöäúÒóÇáöåö ãöäó Çááøóåö.
æóÇáúÍóÑóÌõ ÍóÞöíÞóÊõåõ ÇáúãóßóÇäõ ÇáÖøóíøöÞõ ãöäó ÇáúÛóÇÈóÇÊö ÇáúßóËöíÑóÉö ÇáúÃóÔúÌóÇÑö¡ ÈöÍóíúËõ(8-È/13)
ÇÊøóÈöÚõæÇ ãóÇ ÃõäúÒöáó Åöáóíúßõãú ãöäú ÑóÈøößõãú æóáóÇ ÊóÊøóÈöÚõæÇ ãöäú Ïõæäöåö ÃóæúáöíóÇÁó ÞóáöíáðÇ ãóÇ ÊóÐóßøóÑõæäó (3)
íóÚúÓõÑõ ÇáÓøõáõæßõ Ýöíåö¡ æóíõÓúÊóÚóÇÑõ áöÍóÇáóÉö ÇáäøóÝúÓö ÚöäúÏó ÇáúÍõÒúäö æóÇáúÛóÖóÈö æóÇáúÃóÓóÝö¡ áöÃóäøóåõãú ÊóÎóíøóáõæÇ áöáúÛóÇÖöÈö æóÇáúÂÓöÝö ÖöíÞðÇ Ýöí ÕóÏúÑöåö áóãøóÇ æóÌóÏõæåõ íóÚúÓõÑõ ãöäúåõ ÇáÊøóäóÝøõÓõ ãöäó ÇäúÞöÈóÇÖö ÃóÚúÕóÇÈö ãóÌóÇÑöí ÇáäøóÝóÓö¡ æóÝöí ãóÚúäóì ÇáúÂíóÉö Þóæúáõåõ ÊóÚóÇáóì: ÝóáóÚóáøóßó ÊÇÑößñ ÈóÚúÖó ãóÇ íõæÍì Åöáóíúßó æóÖÇÆöÞñ Èöåö ÕóÏúÑõßó Ãóäú íóÞõæáõæÇ áóæúáÇ ÃõäúÒöáó Úóáóíúåö ßóäúÒñ Ãóæú ÌÇÁó ãóÚóåõ ãóáóßñ ÅöäøóãÇ ÃóäúÊó äóÐöíÑñ [åæÏ: 12] .
æáöÊõäúÐöÑó ãõÊóÚóáøöÞñ Èö ÃõäúÒöáó Úóáóì ãóÚúäóì ÇáúãóÝúÚõæáö áöÃóÌúáöåö¡ æóÇÞúÊöÑóÇäõåõ ÈöáóÇãö ÇáÊøóÚúáöíáö Ïõæäó ÇáúÅöÊúíóÇäö ÈöãóÕúÏóÑò ãóäúÕõæÈò áöÇÎúÊöáóÇÝö ÝóÇÚöáö ÇáúÚóÇãöáö æóÝóÇÚöáö ÇáúÅöäúÐóÇÑö. æóÌõÚöáó ÇáúÅöäúÐóÇÑõ Èöåö ãõÞóÏøóãðÇ Ýöí ÇáÊøóÚúáöíáö áöÃóäøóåõ ÇáúÛóÑóÖõ ÇáúÃóåóãøõ áöÅöÈúØóÇáö ãóÇ Úóáóíúåö ÇáúãõÔúÑößõæäó ãöäó ÇáúÈóÇØöáö æóãóÇ íõÎóáøöÝõæäóåõ Ýöí ÇáäøóÇÓö ãöäó ÇáúÚóæóÇÆöÏö ÇáúÈóÇØöáóÉö ÇáøóÊöí ÊõÚóÇäóì ÅöÒóÇáóÊõåóÇ ãöäó ÇáäøóÇÓö ÈóÚúÏó ÅöÓúáóÇãöåöãú.
ÐößúÑì íóÌõæÒõ Ãóäú íóßõæäó ãóÚúØõæÝðÇ Úóáóì áöÊõäúÐöÑó Èöåö¡ ÈöÇÚúÊöÈóÇÑö ÇäúÓöÈóÇßöåö ÈöãóÕúÏóÑò Ýóíóßõæäõ Ýöí ãóÍóáøö ÌóÑøò¡ æóíóÌõæÒõ Ãóäú íóßõæäó ÇáúÚóØúÝõ ÚóØúÝó ÌõãúáóÉò¡ æóíóßõæäó ÐößúÑì ãóÕúÏóÑðÇ ÈóÏóáðÇ ãöäú ÝöÚúáöåö¡ æóÇáÊøóÞúÏöíÑõ: æÐßøÑ ÐßÑì ááúãõÄúãöäíä¡ Ýóíóßõæäó Ýöí ãóÍóáøö äóÕúÈò Ýóíóßõæäó ÇÚúÊöÑóÇÖðÇ.
æóÍóÐóÝó ãõÊóÚóáøöÞó áöÊõäúÐöÑó¡ æóÕÑÍ ÈãÊÚáøÞ ÐößúÑì áÙõåõæÑ ÊóÞúÏöíÑ ÇáúãóÍúÐõæÝ ãä ÐßÑ ãõÞóÇÈöáå ÇáúãóÐúßõæÑ¡ æÇáÊøÞÏíÑ: áÊäÐÑ Èöåö ÇáúßóÇÝöÑöíäó¡ æóÕóÑøóÍó ÈöãõÊóÚóáøöÞö ÇáÐøößúÑóì Ïæä ãÊÚáøÞ áöÊõäúÐöÑó ÊóäúæöíåðÇ ÈöÔóÃúäö ÇáúãõÄúãöäöíäó æóÊóÚúÑöíÖðÇ ÈöÊóÍúÞöíÑö ÇáúßóÇÝöÑöíäó ÊõÌóÇåó ÐßÑ ÇáúãõÄãäöíäó.
[3]
[ÓõæÑóÉ ÇáúÃóÚúÑóÇÝ (7) : ÂíóÉ 3]
ÇÊøóÈöÚõæÇ ãóÇ ÃõäúÒöáó Åöáóíúßõãú ãöäú ÑóÈøößõãú æóáÇ ÊóÊøóÈöÚõæÇ ãöäú Ïõæäöåö ÃóæúáöíÇÁó ÞóáöíáÇð ãóÇ ÊóÐóßøóÑõæäó (3)
ÈóíóÇäñ áöÌõãúáóÉö: áöÊõäúÐöÑó Èöåö [ÇáúÃóÚúÑóÇÝ: 2] ÈöÞóÑöíäóÉö ÊóÐúíöíáöåóÇ ÈöÞóæúáöåö: ÞóáöíáðÇ ãóÇ ÊóÐóßøóÑõæäó.
ÝóÇáúÎöØóÇÈõ ãõæóÌøóåñ áöáúãõÔúÑößöíäó æóíóäúÏóÑöÌõ Ýöíåö ÇáúãõÓúáöãõæäó ÈöÇáúÃóæúáóì¡ ÝóÈóÚúÏó(8-È/14)
Ãóäú äóæøóåó Çááøóåõ ÈöÇáúßöÊóÇÈö ÇáúãõäóÒøóáö Åöáóì ÇáÑøÓæá Õóáøóì Çááåõ Úóáóíúåö æóÓóáøóãó¡ æóÈóíøóäó Ãóäøó ÍößúãóÉó ÅöäúÒóÇáöåö áöáúÅöäúÐóÇÑö æóÇáÐøößúÑóì¡ ÃóãóÑó ÇáäøóÇÓó Ãóäú íóÊøóÈöÚõæÇ ãóÇ ÃóäúÒóáó Åöáóíúåöãú¡ ßõáøñ íóÊøóÈöÚõ ãóÇ åõæó Èöåö ÃóÚúáóÞõ¡ æóÇáúãõÔúÑößõæäó ÃóäúÒóáó Åöáóíúåöãõ ÇáÒøóÌúÑó Úóäö ÇáÔøöÑúßö æóÇáöÇÍúÊöÌóÇÌó Úóáóì ÖóáóÇáöåöãú¡ æóÇáúãõÓúáöãõæäó ÃóäúÒóáó Åöáóíúåöãõ ÇáúÃóãúÑó æóÇáäøóåúíó æóÇáÊøóßúáöíÝó¡ Ýóßõáøñ ãóÃúãõæÑñ ÈöÇÊøöÈóÇÚö ãóÇ ÃõäúÒöáó Åöáóíúåö¡ æóÇáúãóÞúÕõæÏõ ÇáúÃóÌúÏóÑõ åõãõ ÇáúãõÔúÑößõæäó ÊóÚúÑöíÖðÇ ÈöÃóäøóåõãú ßóÝóÑõæÇ ÈöäöÚúãóÉö ÑóÈøöåöãú¡ ÝóæóÕúÝõ (ÇáÑøóÈøö) åõäóÇ Ïõæäó ÇÓúãö ÇáúÌóáóÇáóÉö: áöáÊøóÐúßöíÑö ÈöæõÌõæÈö ÇÊøöÈóÇÚö ÃóãúÑöåö¡ áöÃóäøó æóÕúÝó ÇáÑøõÈõæÈöíøóÉö íóÞúÊóÖöí ÇáöÇãúÊöËóÇáó áöÃóæóÇãöÑöåö¡ æóäóåóÇåõãú Úóäö ÇÊøöÈóÇÚö ÃóæúáöíóÇÆöåöãõ ÇáøóÐöíäó ÌóÚóáõæåõãú ÂáöåóÉð Ïõæäóåõ¡ æóÇáúãõæóÌøóåõ Åöáóíúåöãõ Çáäøóåúíõ åõãõ ÇáúãõÔúÑößõæäó ÈöÞóÑöíäóÉö Þóæúáöåö: ÞóáöíáðÇ ãóÇ ÊóÐóßøóÑõæäó.
æóÇáöÇÊøöÈóÇÚõ ÍóÞöíÞóÊõåõ ÇáúãóÔúíõ æóÑóÇÁó ãóÇÔò¡ ÝóãóÚúäóÇåõ íóÞúÊóÖöí ÐÇÊíä: ÊóÇÈÚÇ æãÊæÈÚÇ¡ íõÞóÇáõ: ÇÊøóÈóÚó æóÊóÈöÚó¡ æóíõÓúÊóÚóÇÑõ áöáúÚóãóáö ÈöÃóãúÑö ÇáúÂãöÑö äóÍúæó: ãóÇ ãóäóÚóßó ÅöÐú ÑóÃóíúÊóåõãú ÖóáøõæÇ ÃóáøóÇ ÊóÊøóÈöÚóäö ÃóÝóÚóÕóíúÊó ÃóãúÑöí [Øå: 92¡ 93] æóåõæó ÇÓúÊöÚóÇÑóÉñ ÊóãúËöíáöíøóÉñ ãóÈúäöíøóÉñ Úóáóì ÊóÔúÈöíåö ÍóÇáóÊóíúäö¡ æóíõÓúÊóÚóÇÑõ áöáöÇÞúÊöÏóÇÁö ÈöÓöíÑóÉò Ãóæú Þóæúáò äóÍúæó: æóáÇ ÊóÊøóÈöÚõæÇ ÎõØõæÇÊö ÇáÔøóíúØÇäö [ÇáúÈóÞóÑóÉ: 168] æóåõæó ÇÓúÊöÚóÇÑóÉñ ãõÕóÑøóÍóÉñ ÊóäúÈóäöí Úóáóì ÊóÔúÈöíåö ÇáúãóÍúÓõæÓö ÈöÇáúãóÚúÞõæáö ãöËúáó Þóæúáöåö ÊóÚóÇáóì: Åöäú ÃóÊøóÈöÚõ ÅöáøóÇ ãóÇ íõæÍì Åöáóíøó [ÇáúÃóäúÚóÇã: 50] ¡ æóãöäúåõ Þóæúáõåõ åõäóÇ: ÇÊøóÈöÚõæÇ ãóÇ ÃõäúÒöáó Åöáóíúßõãú ãöäú ÑóÈøößõãú.
æóÇáúãõÑóÇÏõ ÈöãóÇ ÃõäúÒöáó åõæó ÇáúßöÊóÇÈõ ÇáúãóÐúßõæÑõ ÈöÞóæúáöåö: ßöÊÇÈñ ÃõäúÒöáó Åöáóíúßó [ÇáúÃóÚúÑóÇÝ: 2] .
æóÞóæúáõåõ: æóáÇ ÊóÊøóÈöÚõæÇ ãöäú Ïõæäöåö ÃóæúáöíÇÁó ÊóÕúÑöíÍñ ÈöãóÇ ÊóÖóãøóäóåõ: ÇÊøóÈöÚõæÇ ãóÇ ÃõäúÒöáó Åöáóíúßõãú ãöäú ÑóÈøößõãú áöÃóäøó ÝöíãóÇ ÃõäúÒöáó Åöáóíúåöãú ãöäú ÑóÈøöåöãú Ãóäøó Çááøóåó Åöáóåñ æóÇÍöÏñ áóÇ ÔóÑöíßó áóåõ¡ æóÃóäøóåõ Çáúæóáöíøõ¡ æóÃóäøó ÇáøóÐöíäó ÇÊøóÎóÐõæÇ ãóäú Ïõæäöåö ÃóæúáöíóÇÁó Çááøóåõ ÍóÝöíÙñ Úóáóíúåöãú¡ Ãóíú ãõÌóÇÒöíåöãú áóÇ íóÎúÝóì Úóáóíúåö ÝöÚúáõåõãú¡ æóÛóíúÑõ Ðóáößó ãöäú Âíö ÇáúÞõÑúÂäö æóÇáúãóÞúÕõæÏõ ãöäú åóÐóÇ Çáäøóåúíö ÊóÃúßöíÏõ ãõÞúÊóÖóì ÇáúÃóãúÑö ÈöÇÊøöÈóÇÚö ãóÇ ÃõäúÒöáó Åöáóíúåöãö ÇåúÊöãóÇãðÇ ÈöåóÐóÇ ÇáúÌóÇäöÈö ãöãøóÇ ÃõäúÒöáó Åöáóíúåöãú¡ æóÊóÓúÌöíáðÇ Úóáóì ÇáúãõÔúÑößöíäó¡ æóÞóØúÚðÇ áóãóÚóÇÐöíÑöåöãú Ãóäú íóÞõæáõæÇ ÅöäøóäóÇ ÇÊøóÈóÚúäóÇ ãóÇ ÃõäúÒöáó ÅöáóíúäóÇ¡ æóãóÇ äóÑóì ÃóæúáöíóÇÁóäóÇ ÅöáøóÇ ÔõÝóÚóÇÁó áóäóÇ ÚöäúÏó Çááøóåö ÝóãóÇ äóÚúÈõÏõåõãú ÅöáøóÇ áöíõÞóÑøöÈõæäóÇ Åöáóì Çááøóåö ÒõáúÝóì¡ ÝóÅöäøóåõãú ßóÇäõæÇ íõãóæøöåõæäó(8-È/15)
ÈöãöËúáö Ðóáößó¡ ÃóáóÇ ÊóÑóì Ãóäøóåõãú ßóÇäõæÇ íóÞõæáõæäó Ýöí ÊóáúÈöíóÊöåöãú: «áóÈøóíúßó áóÇ ÔóÑöíßó áóßó ÅöáøóÇ ÔóÑöíßðÇ åõæó áóßó Êóãúáößõåõ æóãóÇ ãóáóßó» ÝóãóæúÞöÚõ Þóæúáöåö: ÇÊøóÈöÚõæÇ ãóÇ ÃõäúÒöáó Åöáóíúßõãú ãóæúÞöÚõ ÇáúÝóÕúáö ÇáúÌóÇãöÚö ãöäó ÇáúÍóÏøö¡ æóãóæúÞöÚõ æóáÇ ÊóÊøóÈöÚõæÇ ãóæúÞöÚõ ÇáúÝóÕúáö ÇáúãóÇäöÚö Ýöí ÇáúÍóÏøö.
æóÇáúÃóæúáöíóÇÁõ ÌóãúÚõ æóáöíøò¡ æóåõæó ÇáúãõæóÇáöí¡ Ãóíö ÇáúãõáóÇÒöãõ æóÇáúãõÚóÇæöäõ¡ ÝóíõØúáóÞõ Úóáóì ÇáäøóÇÕöÑö¡ æóÇáúÍóáöíÝö¡ æóÇáÕøóÇÍöÈö ÇáÕøóÇÏöÞö ÇáúãóæóÏøóÉö¡ æóÇÓúÊõÚöíÑó åõäóÇ áöáúãóÚúÈõæÏö æóáöáúÅöáóåö: áöÃóäøó ÇáúÚöÈóÇÏóÉó ÃóÞúæóì ÃóÍúæóÇáö ÇáúãõæóÇáóÇÉö¡ ÞóÇáó ÊóÚóÇáóì: Ãóãö ÇÊøóÎóÐõæÇ ãöäú Ïõæäöåö ÃóæúáöíÇÁó ÝóÇááøóåõ åõæó Çáúæóáöíøõ [ÇáÔæÑì: 9] æóÞóÏú ÊóÞóÏøóãó ÚöäúÏó Þóæúáöåö ÊóÚóÇáóì: Þõáú ÃóÛóíúÑó Çááøóåö ÃóÊøóÎöÐõ æóáöíøðÇ Ýöí ÓõæÑóÉö ÇáúÃóäúÚóÇãö [14] ¡ æóåóÐóÇ åõæó ÇáúãõÑóÇÏõ åõäóÇ.
æóÇáöÇÊøöÈóÇÚõ Ýöí Þóæúáöåö: æóáÇ ÊóÊøóÈöÚõæÇ ãöäú Ïõæäöåö ÃóæúáöíÇÁó íóÌõæÒõ Ãóäú íóßõæäó ãõÓúÊóÚúãóáðÇ Ýöí ÇáúãóÚúäóì ÇáøóÐöí ÇÓúÊõÚúãöáó Ýöíåö ÇáöÇÊøöÈóÇÚõ Ýöí Þóæúáöåö: ÇÊøóÈöÚõæÇ ãóÇ ÃõäúÒöáó Åöáóíúßõãú ãöäú ÑóÈøößõãú æóÐóáößó Úóáóì ÊóÞúÏöíÑö:
áóÇ ÊóÊøóÈöÚõæÇ ãóÇ íóÃúÊöíßõãú ãöäú ÃóæúáöíóÇÁó Ïõæäó Çááøóåö¡ ÝóÅöäøó ÇáúãõÔúÑößöíäó íóäúÓõÈõæäó ãóÇ åõãú Úóáóíúåö ãöäó ÇáÏøöíóÇäóÉö ÇáÖøóÇáøóÉö Åöáóì ÇáúÂáöåóÉö ÇáúÈóÇØöáóÉö¡ Ãóæú Åöáóì ÓóÏóäóÉö ÇáúÂáöåóÉö æóßõåøóÇäöåóÇ¡ ßóãóÇ ÊóÞóÏøóãó ÚöäúÏó Þóæúáöåö ÊóÚóÇáóì:
æóßóÐáößó Òóíøóäó áößóËöíÑò ãöäó ÇáúãõÔúÑößöíäó ÞóÊúáó ÃóæúáÇÏöåöãú ÔõÑóßÇÄõåõãú [ÇáúÃóäúÚóÇã: 137] ¡ æóÞóæúáöåö: ÝóÞÇáõæÇ
åóÐóÇ áöáøóåö ÈöÒóÚúãöåöãú æóåÐÇ áöÔõÑóßÇÆöäÇ
ßóãóÇ Ýöí ÓõæÑóÉö ÇáúÃóäúÚóÇãö [136] ¡ æóÚóáóì Êöáúßó ÇáöÇÚúÊöÈóÇÑóÇÊö íóÌúÑöí ÇáÊøóÞúÏöíÑõ Ýöí Þóæúáöåö: ÃóæúáöíÇÁó Ãóíú áóÇ ÊóãúÊóËöáõæÇ áöáúÃóæúáöíóÇÁö Ãóæú ÃóãúÑöåöãú Ãóæú áöÏõÚóÇÉö ÇáúÃóæúáöíóÇÁö æóÓóÏóäóÊöåöãú.
æóíóÌõæÒõ Ãóäú íóßõæäó ÇáöÇÊøöÈóÇÚõ ãõÓúÊóÚóÇÑðÇ áöáØøóáóÈö æóÇáöÇÊøöÎóÇÐö¡ Ãóíú æóáóÇ ÊóÊøóÎöÐõæÇ ÃóæúáöíóÇÁó ÛóíúÑöåö äóÍúæó Þóæúáöåöãú: åõæó íóÊøóÈöÚõ ÒóáøóÉó ÝõáóÇäò.
æóÝöí ÇáúÍóÏöíËö: «íóÊøóÈöÚõ ÈöåóÇ ÔóÚóÝó ÇáúÌöÈóÇáö æóãóæóÇÞöÚó ÇáúÞóØúÑö»
Ãóíú íóÊóØóáøóÈõåóÇ.
æó (ãöäú) Ýöí Þóæúáöåö: ãöäú Ïõæäöåö ÇÈúÊöÏóÇÆöíøóÉñ¡ æó (Ïõæäó) ÙóÑúÝñ áöáúãóßóÇäö ÇáúãõÌóÇæöÒö ÇáúãõäúÝóÕöáö¡ æóÞóÏú ÌõÑøó Èöãöäö ÇáúÌóÇÑøóÉö áöáÙøõÑõæÝö¡ æóåõæó ÇÓúÊöÚóÇÑóÉñ áöáÊøóÑúßö æóÇáúÅöÚúÑóÇÖö.(8-È/16)
æóÇáúãóÌúÑõæÑõ Ýöí ãóæúÖöÚö ÇáúÍóÇáö ãöäú ÝóÇÚá ÊóÊøóÈöÚõæÇ¡ Ãóíú áóÇ ÊóÊøóÈöÚõæÇ ÃóæúáöíóÇÁó ãõÊøóÎöÐöíäóåóÇ Ïõæäóåõ¡ ÝóÅöäøó ÇáúãõÔúÑößöíäó æóÅöäú ßóÇäõæÇ ÞóÏö ÇÚúÊóÑóÝõæÇ áöáøóåö ÈöÇáúÅöáóåöíøóÉö æóÇÊøóÈóÚõæÇ ÃóãúÑóåõ ÈöÒóÚúãöåöãú Ýöí ßóËöíÑò ãöäú ÃóÚúãóÇáöåöãú: ßóÇáúÍóÌøö æóãóäóÇÓößöåö¡ æóÇáúÍóáöÝö ÈöÇÓúãöåö¡ Ýóåõãú ÃóíúÖðÇ ÇÊøóÈóÚõæÇ ÇáúÃóÕúäóÇãó ÈöÚöÈóÇÏóÊöåóÇ Ãóæú äöÓúÈóÉö ÇáÏøöíäö ÅöáóíúåóÇ¡ Ýóßõáøõ Úóãóáò ÊóÞóÑøóÈõæÇ Èöåö Åöáóì ÇáúÃóÕúäóÇãö¡ æóßõáøõ Úóãóáò Úóãöáõæåõ ÇãúÊöËóÇáðÇ áöÃóãúÑò íõäúÓóÈõ Åöáóì ÇáúÃóÕúäóÇãö¡ Ýóåõãú ÚöäúÏó Úóãóáöåö íóßõæäõæäó ãõÊøóÈöÚöíäó ÇÊøöÈóÇÚðÇ Ýöíåö ÅöÚúÑóÇÖñ Úóäö Çááøóåö æóÊóÑúßñ áöáÊøóÞóÑøõÈö Åöáóíúåö¡ Ýóíóßõæäõ ÇÊøöÈóÇÚðÇ ãöäú Ïõæäö Çááøóåö¡ ÝóíóÏúÎõáõ Ýöí Çáäøóåúíö¡ æóÈöåóÐóÇ Çáäøóåúíö ÞóÏú ÓõÏøóÊú Úóáóíúåöãú ÃóÈúæóÇÈõ ÇáÔøöÑúßö æóÊóÃúæöíáóÇÊõåõ ßóÞóæúáöåöãú: ãóÇ äóÚúÈõÏõåõãú ÅöáøóÇ áöíõÞóÑøöÈõæäÇ Åöáóì Çááøóåö ÒõáúÝì [ÇáÒãÑ: 3] ÝóÞóÏú ÌóÇÁó Þóæúáõåõ: æóáÇ ÊóÊøóÈöÚõæÇ ãöäú Ïõæäöåö ÃóæúáöíÇÁó Ýöí ÃóÚúáóì ÏóÑóÌóÉò ãöäó ÇáúÅöíÌóÇÒö æóÇÓúÊöíÚóÇÈö ÇáúãóÞúÕõæÏö.
æóÃóÝóÇÏó ãóÌúãõæÚõ Þóæúáöåö: ÇÊøóÈöÚõæÇ ãóÇ ÃõäúÒöáó Åöáóíúßõãú ãöäú ÑóÈøößõãú æóáÇ ÊóÊøóÈöÚõæÇ ãöäú Ïõæäöåö ÃóæúáöíÇÁó ãóÝóÇÏõ ÕöíÛóÉö ÞóÕúÑò¡ ßóÃóäøóåõ ÞóÇáó: áóÇ ÊóÊøóÈöÚõæÇ ÅöáøóÇ ãóÇ ÃóãóÑó Èöåö ÑóÈøõßõãú¡ Ãóíú Ïõæäó ãóÇ íóÃúãõÑõßõãú Èöåö ÃóæúáöíóÇÄõßõãú¡ ÝóÚóÏóáó Úóäú ØóÑöíÞö ÇáúÞóÕúÑö áöÊóßõæäó ÌõãúáóÉõ: æóáÇ ÊóÊøóÈöÚõæÇ ãöäú Ïõæäöåö ÃóæúáöíÇÁó ãõÓúÊóÞöáøóÉð ÕóÑöíÍóÉó ÇáÏøóáóÇáóÉö ÇåúÊöãóÇãðÇ ÈöãóÖúãõæäöåóÇ Úóáóì äóÍúæ Þóæá ÇáÓøãæÃá Ãóæö ÇáúÍóÇÑöËöíøö:
ÊóÓöíáõ Úóáóì ÍóÏøö ÇáÙøõÈóÇÊö äõÝõæÓõäóÇ ... æóáóíúÓóÊú Úóáóì ÛóíúÑö ÇáÙøõÈóÇÊö ÊóÓöíáõ
æóÌõãúáóÉõ: ÞóáöíáðÇ ãóÇ ÊóÐóßøóÑõæäó åöíó Ýöí ãóæúÖöÚö ÇáúÍóÇáö ãöäú áóÇ ÊóÊøóÈöÚõæÇ¡ æóåöíó ÍóÇáñ ÓóÈóÈöíøóÉñ æßÇÔÝÉ áöÕóÇÍöÈöåóÇ¡ æóáóíúÓóÊú ãõÞóíøöÏóÉñ áöáäøóåúíö: áöÙõåõæÑö Ãóäøó ÇáúãõÊøóÈöÚöíäó ÃóæúáöíóÇÁõ ãöäú Ïõæäö Çááøóåö áóíúÓõæÇ ÅöáøóÇ Þóáöíáöí ÇáÊøóÐóßøõÑö. æóíóÌõæÒõ ÌóÚúáõ ÇáúÌõãúáóÉö ÇÚúÊöÑóÇÖðÇ ÊóÐúíöíáöíøðÇ. æóáóÝúÙõ (ÞóáöíáðÇ) íóÌõæÒõ Ãóäú íõÍúãóáó Úóáóì ÍóÞöíÞóÊöåö áöÃóäøóåõãú ÞóÏú íóÊóÐóßøóÑõæäó Ëõãøó íõÚúÑöÖõæäó Úóäö ÇáÊøóÐóßøõÑö Ýöí ÃóßúËóÑö ÃóÍúæóÇáöåöãú Ýóåõãú Ýöí ÛóÝúáóÉò ãõÚúÑöÖõæäó¡ æóíóÌõæÒõ Ãóäú íóßõæäó (ÞóáöíáðÇ) ãõÓúÊóÚóÇÑðÇ áöãóÚúäóì ÇáäøóÝúíö æóÇáúÚóÏóãö Úóáóì æóÌúåö ÇáÊøóáúãöíÍö ßóÞóæúáöåö ÊóÚóÇáóì:
ÝóÞóáöíáðÇ ãóÇ íõÄúãöäõæäó [ÇáúÈóÞóÑóÉ: 88] (ÝóÅöäøó ÇáúÅöíãóÇäó áóÇ íõæÕóÝõ ÈöÇáúÞöáøóÉö æóÇáúßóËúÑóÉö) .
æóÇáÊøóÐóßøõÑõ ãóÕúÏóÑõ ÇáÐøõßúÑö- ÈöÖóãøö ÇáÐøóÇáö- æóåõæó ÍõÖõæÑõ ÇáÕøõæÑóÉö Ýöí ÇáÐøöåúäö.(8-È/17)
æóßóãú ãöäú ÞóÑúíóÉò ÃóåúáóßúäóÇåóÇ ÝóÌóÇÁóåóÇ ÈóÃúÓõäóÇ ÈóíóÇÊðÇ Ãóæú åõãú ÞóÇÆöáõæäó (4) ÝóãóÇ ßóÇäó ÏóÚúæóÇåõãú ÅöÐú ÌóÇÁóåõãú ÈóÃúÓõäóÇ ÅöáøóÇ Ãóäú ÞóÇáõæÇ ÅöäøóÇ ßõäøóÇ ÙóÇáöãöíäó (5)
æóÞóáöíáñ ãõÓúÊóÚúãóáñ Ýöí ÇáúÚóÏóãö Úóáóì ØóÑöíÞóÉö ÇáÊøóåóßøõãö ÈöÇáúãõÖóíøöÚö áöáúÃóãúÑö ÇáäøóÇÝöÚö íõÞóÇáõ áóåõ: Åöäøóßó Þóáöíáõ ÇáúÅöÊúíóÇäö ÈöÇáúÃóãúÑö ÇáäøóÇÝöÚö¡ ÊóäúÈöíåðÇ áóåõ Úóáóì ÎóØóÆöåö¡ æóÅöäøóåõ Åöäú ßóÇäó Ýöí Ðóáößó ÊóÝúÑöíØñ ÝóáóÇ íóäúÈóÛöí Ãóäú íóÊóÌóÇæóÒó ÍóÏøó ÇáÊøóÞúáöíáö Ïõæäó ÇáÊøóÖúíöíÚö áóåõ ßõáøöåö.
æó (ãóÇ) ãóÕúÏóÑöíøóÉñ æóÇáÊøóÞúÏöíÑõ: ÞóáöíáðÇ ÊóÐóßøõÑõßõãú¡ æóíóÌõæÒõ Ãóäú íóßõæäó ÞóáöíáðÇ ÕöÝóÉó ãóÕúÏóÑò ãóÍúÐõæÝò Ïóáøó Úóáóíúåö ÊóÐóßøóÑõæäó æó (ãóÇ) ãóÒöíÏóÉð áöÊóæúßöíÏö ÇáúÞöáøóÉö¡ Ãóíú äóæúÚö ÞöáøóÉò ÖóÚöíÝò¡ äóÍúæó Þóæúáöåö ÊóÚóÇáóì: Ãóäú íóÖúÑöÈó ãóËóáðÇ ãóÇ [ÇáúÈóÞóÑóÉ: 26] . æóÊóÞóÏøóãó ÇáúÞóæúáõ Ýöí äóÙöíÑöåö ÚöäúÏó Þóæúáöåö ÊóÚóÇáóì: ÝóÞóáöíáðÇ ãóÇ íõÄúãöäõæäó Ýöí ÓõæÑóÉö ÇáúÈóÞóÑóÉö [88] . æóÇáúãóÚúäóì: áóæú ÊóÐóßøóÑúÊõãú áóãóÇ ÇÊøóÈóÚúÊõãú ãöäú Ïõæäöåö ÃóæúáöíóÇÁó æóáóãóÇ ÇÍúÊóÌúÊõãú Åöáóì Çáäøóåúíö Úóäú Ãóäú ÊóÊøóÈöÚõæÇ ãöäú Ïõæäöåö ÃóæúáöíóÇÁó æóåóÐóÇ äöÏóÇÁñ Úóáóì ÅöÖóÇÚóÊöåöãõ ÇáäøóÙóÑó æóÇáöÇÓúÊöÏúáóÇáó Ýöí ÕöÝóÇÊö Çááøóåö æóÝöí äóÞóÇÆöÕö ÃóæúáöíóÇÆöåöãõ ÇáúãóÒúÚõæãöíäó.
æóÞóÑóÃó ÇáúÌõãúåõæÑõ: ãóÇ ÊóÐóßøóÑõæäó- ÈöÝóæúÞöíøóÉò æóÇÍöÏóÉò æóÊóÔúÏöíÏö ÇáÐøóÇáö- Úóáóì Ãóäøó ÃóÕúáóåõ ÊóÊóÐóßøóÑõæäó ÈÊÇÁíä ÝæÞíÊíä ÝÞáÈÊ ËóÇäöíóÊõåõãóÇ ÐóÇáðÇ áöÊóÞóÇÑõÈö ãóÎúÑóÌóíúåöãóÇ áöíóÊóÃóÊøóì ÊóÎúÝöíÝõåõ ÈöÇáúÅöÏúÛóÇãö.
æóÞóÑóÃóåõ ÍóãúÒóÉõ¡ æóÇáúßöÓóÇÆöíøõ¡ æóÍóÝúÕñ Úóäú ÚóÇÕöãò¡ æóÎóáóÝñ- ÈöÊóÎúÝöíÝö ÇáÐøóÇáö- Úóáóì ÍóÐúÝö ÅöÍúÏóì ÇáÊøóÇÁóíúäö ÇÎúÊöÕóÇÑðÇ. æóÞóÑóÃóåõ ÇÈúäõ ÚóÇãöÑò: íóÊóÐóßøóÑõæäó- ÈöÊóÍúÊöíøóÉò Ýöí Ãóæøóáöåö Ëõãøó ÝóæúÞöíøóÉò-¡ æóÇáÖøóãöíÑõ ÚóÇÆöÏñ Åöáóì ÇáúãõÔúÑößöíäó Úóáóì ØóÑöíÞóÉö ÇáöÇáúÊöÝóÇÊö ãöäó ÇáúÎöØóÇÈö Åöáóì ÇáúÛóíúÈóÉö¡ ÃóÚúÑóÖó Úóäúåõãú æóæóÌøóåó ÇáúßóáóÇãó Úóáóì ÛóíúÑöåöãú ãöäó ÇáÓøóÇãöÚöíäó: Åöáóì ÇáäøÈíÁ Õóáøóì Çááåõ Úóáóíúåö æóÓóáøóãó æóÇáúãõÓúáöãíä.
[4¡ 5]
[ÓõæÑóÉ ÇáúÃóÚúÑóÇÝ (7) : ÇáúÂíóÇÊ 4 Åöáóì 5]
æóßóãú ãöäú ÞóÑúíóÉò ÃóåúáóßúäÇåÇ ÝóÌÇÁóåÇ ÈóÃúÓõäÇ ÈóíÇÊÇð Ãóæú åõãú ÞÇÆöáõæäó (4) ÝóãÇ ßÇäó ÏóÚúæÇåõãú ÅöÐú ÌÇÁóåõãú ÈóÃúÓõäÇ ÅöáÇøó Ãóäú ÞÇáõæÇ ÅöäøóÇ ßõäøóÇ ÙÇáöãöíäó(8-È/18)
(5)
ÚóØúÝñ Úóáóì ÌõãúáóÉö: æóáÇ ÊóÊøóÈöÚõæÇ [ÇáúÃóÚúÑóÇÝ: 3] æóåóÐóÇ ÇáúÎóÈóÑõ ãõÓúÊóÚúãóáñ Ýöí ÇáÊøóåúÏöíÏö áöáúãõÔúÑößöíäó ÇáøóÐöíäó æõÌøöåó Åöáóíúåöãõ ÇáÊøóÚúÑöíÖõ Ýöí ÇáúÂíóÉö ÇáúÃóæúáóì æóÇáøóÐöíäó ÞóÕóÏõæÇ ãöäó ÇáúÚõãõæãö. æóÞóÏú ËõáøöËó åõäóÇ ÈöÊóãúÍöíÖö ÇáÊøóæúÌöíåö Åöáóíúåöãú.
æóÅöäøóãóÇ ÎõÕøó ÈöÇáÐøößúÑö ÅöåúáóÇßõ ÇáúÞõÑóì¡ Ïõæäó ÐößúÑö ÇáúÃõãóãö ßóãóÇ Ýöí Þóæúáöåö: ÝóÃóãøóÇ ËóãõæÏõ ÝóÃõåúáößõæÇ ÈöÇáØøóÇÛöíóÉö æóÃóãøóÇ ÚÇÏñ ÝóÃõåúáößõæÇ ÈöÑöíÍò ÕóÑúÕóÑò ÚÇÊöíóÉò [ÇáÍÇÞÉ: 5¡ 6] ¡ áöÃóäøó ÇáúãõæóÇÌöåöíäó ÈöÇáÊøóÚúÑöíÖö åõãú Ãóåúáõ ãóßøóÉó æóåöíó Ãõãøõ ÇáúÞõÑóì¡ ÝóäóÇÓóÈó Ãóäú íóßõæäó ÊóåúÏöíÏõ ÃóåúáöåóÇ ÈöãóÇ ÃóÕóÇÈó ÇáúÞõÑóì æóÃóåúáóåóÇ æóáöÃóäøó ÊóÚúáöíÞ ÝÚá ÃóåúáóßúäÇåÇ ÈöÇáúÞóÑúíóÉö Ïõæäó ÃóåúáöåóÇ áöÞóÕúÏö ÇáúÅöÍóÇØóÉö æóÇáÔøõãõæáö¡ Ýóåõæó ãõÛúäò Úóäú ÃóÏóæóÇÊö
ÇáÔøõãõæáö¡ ÝóÇáÓøóÇãöÚõ íóÚúáóãõ Ãóäøó ÇáúãõÑóÇÏó ãöäó ÇáúÞóÑúíóÉö ÃóåúáõåóÇ áöÃóäøó ÇáúÚöÈúÑóÉó æóÇáúãóæúÚöÙóÉó ÅöäøóãóÇ åöíó ÈöãóÇ ÍóÕóáó áöÃóåúáö ÇáúÞóÑúíóÉö¡ æóäóÙöíÑõåóÇ Þóæúáå ÊóÚóÇáóì: æóÓúÆóáö ÇáúÞóÑúíóÉó ÇáøóÊöí ßõäøóÇ ÝöíåÇ [íõæÓõÝ: 82] æóäóÙöíÑõåõãóÇ ãóÚðÇ Þóæúáõåõ: ãóÇ ÂãóäóÊú ÞóÈúáóåõãú ãöäú ÞóÑúíóÉò ÃóåúáóßúäÇåÇ ÃóÝóåõãú íõÄúãöäõæäó [ÇáúÃóäúÈöíóÇÁ: 6] ¡ Ýóßõáøõ åóÐóÇ ãöäó ÇáúÅöíÌóÇÒö ÇáúÈóÏöíÚö¡ æóÇáúãóÚúäóì Úóáóì ÊóÞúÏöíÑö ÇáúãõÖóÇÝö¡ æóåõæó ÊóÞúÏöíÑõ ãóÚúäðì.
æóÃõÌúÑöíó ÇáÖøóãöíÑóÇäö Ýöí Þóæúáöåö: ÃóåúáóßúäÇåÇ ÝóÌÇÁóåÇ ÈóÃúÓõäÇ Úóáóì ÇáúÅöÝúÑóÇÏö æóÇáÊøóÃúäöíËö ãõÑóÇÚóÇÉð áöáóÝúÙö ÞóÑúíóÉò¡ áöíóÍúÕõáó ÇáÊøóãóÇËõáõ Èóíúäó áóÝúÙö ÇáúãóÚóÇÏö æóáóÝúÙö ÖóãöíÑöåö Ýöí ßóáóÇãò ãõÊøóÕöáö ÇáúÞõÑúÈö¡ Ëõãøó ÃõÌúÑöíóÊú ÖóãóÇÆöÑõ ÇáúÞóÑúíóÉö Úóáóì ÕöíÛóÉö ÇáúÌóãúÚö Ýöí ÇáúÌõãúáóÉö ÇáúãõÝóÑøóÚóÉö Úóäö ÇáúÃõæáóì Ýöí Þóæúáöåö: Ãóæú åõãú ÞÇÆöáõæäó ÝóãÇ ßÇäó ÏóÚúæÇåõãú ÅöÐú ÌÇÁóåõãú ÅöáóÎú áöÍõÕõæáö ÇáúÝóÕúáö Èóíúäó ÇáÖøóãöíÑö æóáóÝúÙö ãóÚóÇÏöåö ÈöÌõãúáóÉò ÝöíåóÇ ÖóãöíÑõ ãóÚóÇÏöåö ÛóíúÑó áóÝúÙö ÇáúÞóÑúíóÉö¡ æóåõæó ÈóÃúÓõäÇ ÈóíÇÊÇð áöÃóäøó (ÈóíóÇÊðÇ) ãõÊóÍóãøöáñ áöÖóãöíÑö ÇáúÈóÃúÓö¡ Ãóíú ãõÈóíøöÊðÇ áóåõãú¡ æóÇäúÊóÞóáó ãöäúåõ Åöáóì ÖóãöíÑö ÇáúÞóÑúíóÉö ÈöÇÚúÊöÈóÇÑö ÃóåúáöåóÇ ÝóÞóÇáó: Ãóæú åõãú ÞÇÆöáõæäó ÝóãÇ ßÇäó ÏóÚúæÇåõãú ÅöÐú ÌÇÁóåõãú. æó (ßóãú) ÇÓúãõ ÍóÇáò Úóáóì ÚóÏóÏò ßóËöíÑò æóåõæó åõäóÇ ÎóÈóÑñ Úóäö ÇáúßóËúÑóÉö æóÊóÞóÏøóãó Ýöí Ãóæøóáö ÓõæÑóÉö ÇáúÃóäúÚóÇãö.
æóÇáúÅöåúáóÇßõ: ÇáúÅöÝúäóÇÁõ æóÇáöÇÓúÊöÆúÕóÇáõ. æóÝöÚúáõ ÃóåúáóßúäÇåÇ íóÌõæÒõ Ãóäú íóßõæäó ãõÓúÊóÚúãóáðÇ Ýöí ãóÚúäóì ÇáúÅöÑóÇÏóÉö ÈöÍõÕõæáö ãóÏúáõæáöåö æóíóÌõæÒõ Ãóäú íóßõæäó ãõÓúÊóÚúãóáðÇ Ýöí ÙóÇåöÑö ãóÚúäóÇåõ.(8-È/19)
æóÇáúÝóÇÁõ Ýöí Þóæúáöåö: ÝóÌÇÁóåÇ ÈóÃúÓõäÇ ÚóÇØöÝóÉñ ÌõãúáóÉó: ÝóÌÇÁóåÇ ÈóÃúÓõäÇ Úóáóì ÌõãúáóÉö:
ÃóåúáóßúäÇåÇ¡ æóÃóÕúáõ ÇáúÚóÇØöÝóÉö Ãóäú ÊõÝöíÏó ÊóÑúÊöíÈó ÍõÕõæáö ãóÚúØõæÝöåóÇ ÈóÚúÏó ÍõÕõæáö ÇáúãóÚúØõæÝö Úóáóíúåö¡ æóáóãøóÇ ßóÇäó ãóÌöíÁõ ÇáúÈóÃúÓö ÍóÇÕöáðÇ ãóÚó ÍõÕõæáö ÇáúÅöåúáóÇßö Ãóæú ÞóÈúáóåõ¡ ÅöÐú åõæó ÓóÈóÈõ ÇáúÅöåúáóÇßö¡ ÚõÓöÑó Úóáóì ÌãÚ ãä ÇáãÓÝøÑíä ãóÚúäóì ãóæúÞöÚö ÇáúÝóÇÁö åõäóÇ¡ ÍóÊøóì ÞóÇáó ÇáúÝóÑøóÇÁõ Åöäøó ÇáúÝóÇÁó áóÇ ÊõÝöíÏõ ÇáÊøóÑúÊöíÈó ãõØúáóÞðÇ¡ æóÚóäúåõ ÃóíúÖðÇ ÅöÐóÇ ßóÇäó ãóÚúäóì ÇáúÝöÚúáóíúäö æóÇÍöÏðÇ Ãóæú ßóÇáúæóÇÍöÏö ÞóÏøóãúÊó ÃóíøóåõãóÇ ÔöÆúÊó ãöËúáó ÔóÊóãóäöí ÝóÃóÓóÇÁó æóÃóÓóÇÁó ÝóÔóÊóãóäöí. æóÚóäú ÈóÚúÖöåöãú Ãóäøó ÇáúßóáóÇãó ÌóÑóì Úóáóì ØóÑöíÞóÉö ÇáúÞóáúÈö¡ æóÇáúÃóÕúáõ: ÌóÇÁóåóÇ ÈóÃúÓõäóÇ ÝóÃóåúáóßúäóÇåóÇ¡ æóåõæó ÞóáúÈñ Îóáöíøñ Úóäö ÇáäøõßúÊóÉö Ýóåõæó ãóÑúÏõæÏñ¡ æóÇáøóÐöí ÝóÓøóÑó Èöåö ÇáúÌõãúåõæÑõ: Ãóäøó ÝöÚúáó (ÃóåúáóßúäóÇåóÇ) ãõÓúÊóÚúãóáñ Ýöí ãóÚúäóì ÅöÑóÇÏóÉö ÇáúÝöÚúáö ßóÞóæúáöåö ÊóÚóÇáóì: ÝóÅöÐÇ ÞóÑóÃúÊó ÇáúÞõÑúÂäó ÝóÇÓúÊóÚöÐú ÈöÇááøóåö ãöäó ÇáÔøóíúØÇäö ÇáÑøóÌöíãö [ÇáäøóÍúá: 98] æóÞóæúáöåö: ÅöÐÇ ÞõãúÊõãú Åöáóì ÇáÕøóáÇÉö ÝóÇÛúÓöáõæÇ æõÌõæåóßõãú [ÇáúãóÇÆöÏóÉ: 6] ÇáúÂíóÉó Ãóíú ÝóÅöÐóÇ ÃóÑóÏúÊó ÇáúÞöÑóÇÁóÉó¡ æóÅöÐóÇ ÃóÑóÏúÊõãõ ÇáúÞöíóÇãó Åöáóì ÇáÕøóáóÇÉö¡ æóÇÓúÊöÚúãóÇáõ ÇáúÝöÚúáö Ýöí ãóÚúäóì ÅöÑóÇÏóÉö æõÞõæÚö ãóÚúäóÇåõ ãöäó ÇáúãóÌóÇÒö ÇáúãõÑúÓóáö ÚöäúÏó ÇáÓøóßøóÇßöíøö ÞóÇáó: æóãöäú ÃóãúËöáóÉö ÇáúãóÌóÇÒö Þóæúáõåõ ÊóÚóÇáóì: ÝóÅöÐÇ ÞóÑóÃúÊó ÇáúÞõÑúÂäó ÝóÇÓúÊóÚöÐú ÈöÇááøóåö [ÇáäøóÍúá: 98] ÇÓúÊóÚúãóáó ÞóÑóÃúÊó ãóßóÇäó ÃóÑóÏúÊó ÇáúÞöÑóÇÁóÉó áößóæúäö ÇáúÞöÑóÇÁóÉö ãõÓóÈøóÈóÉð Úóäú ÅöÑóÇÏóÊöåóÇ ÇÓúÊöÚúãóÇáðÇ ãóÌóÇÒöíøðÇ ÈöÞóÑöíäóÉö ÇáúÝóÇÁö Ýöí ÝóÇÓúÊóÚöÐú ÈöÇááøóåö¡ æóÞóæúáöåö: æóßóãú ãöäú ÞóÑúíóÉò
ÃóåúáóßúäÇåÇ
Ýöí ãóæúÖöÚö ÃóÑóÏúäóÇ ÅöåúáóÇßóåóÇ ÈöÞóÑöíäóÉò ÝóÌÇÁóåÇ ÈóÃúÓõäÇ æóÇáúÈóÃúÓõ ÇáúÅöåúáóÇßõ.
æóÇáÊøóÚúÈöíÑõ Úóäú ÅöÑóÇÏóÉö ÇáúÝöÚúáö ÈöÐößúÑö ÇáÕøöíÛóÉö ÇáøóÊöí ÊóÏõáøõ Úóáóì æõÞõæÚö ÇáúÝöÚúáö íóßõæäõ áöÅöÝóÇÏóÉö ÚóÒúãö ÇáúÝóÇÚöáö Úóáóì ÇáúÝöÚúáö¡ ÚóÒúãðÇ áóÇ íóÊóÃóÎøóÑõ Úóäúåõ ÇáúÚóãóáõ¡ ÈöÍóíúËõ íõÓúÊóÚóÇÑõ ÇááøóÝúÙõ ÇáÏøóÇáøõ Úóáóì ÍõÕõæáö ÇáúãõÑóÇÏö¡ áöáúÅöÑóÇÏóÉö áöÊóÔóÇÈõåöåöãóÇ¡ æóÅöãøóÇ ÇáúÅöÊúíóÇäõ ÈöÍóÑúÝö ÇáÊøóÚúÞöíÈö ÈóÚúÏó Ðóáößó ÝóáöáÏøóáóÇáóÉö Úóáóì ÚóÏóãö ÇáÊøóÑóíøõËö¡ ÝóÏóáøó ÇáúßóáóÇãõ ßõáøõåõ: Úóáóì Ãóäøóåõ ÊóÚóÇáóì íõÑöíÏõ ÝóíóÎúáõÞõ ÃóÓúÈóÇÈó ÇáúÝöÚúáö ÇáúãõÑóÇÏö ÝóíóÍúÕõáõ ÇáúÝöÚúáõ¡ ßõáøõ Ðóáößó íóÍúÕõáõ ßóÇáúÃóÔúíóÇÁö ÇáúãõÊóÞóÇÑöäóÉö¡ æóÞóÏö ÇÓúÊõÝöíÏó åóÐóÇ ÇáÊøÞÇÑä ÈöÇáÊøóÚúÈöíÑö Úóäö ÇáúÅöÑóÇÏóÉö ÈöÕöíÛóÉò ÊóÞúÊóÖöí æõÞõæÚó ÇáúÝöÚúáö¡ æóÇáÊøóÚúÈöíÑö Úóäú ÍõÕõæáö ÇáÓøóÈóÈö ÈöÍóÑúÝö ÇáÊøóÚúÞöíÈö¡ æóÇáúÛóÑóÖõ ãöäú Ðóáößó ÊóåúÏöíÏõ ÇáÓøóÇãöÚöíäó ÇáúãõÚóÇäöÏöíäó æóÊóÍúÐöíÑõåõãú ãöäú Ãóäú íóÍõáøó ÛóÖóÈõ(8-È/20)
Çááøóåö Úóáóíúåöãú ÝóíõÑöíÏõ ÅöåúáóÇßóåõãú¡ ÝóÖóíøóÞó Úóáóíúåöãõ ÇáãåáøÉ áöÆóáøóÇ íÊÈÇØÃæÇ Ýöí ÊóÏóÇÑõßö ÃóãúÑöåöãú æóÇáÊøóÚúÌöíáö ÈöÇáÊøóæúÈóÉö. æóÇáøóÐöí Úóáóíúåö ÇáúãõÍóÞøöÞõæäó Ãóäøó ÇáÊøóÑúÊöíÈó Ýöí ÝóÇÁö ÇáúÚóØúÝö ÞóÏú íóßõæäõ ÇáÊøóÑúÊöíÈó ÇáÐøößúÑöíøó¡ Ãóíú ÊóÑúÊöíÈó ÇáúÅöÎúÈóÇÑö ÈöÔóíúÁò Úóäö ÇáúÅöÎúÈóÇÑö ÈöÇáúãóÚúØõæÝö Úóáóíúåö. ÝóÝöí ÇáúÂíóÉö ÃóÎúÈóÑó Úóäú ßóíúÝöíøóÉö ÅöåúáóÇßöåöãú ÈóÚúÏó ÇáúÎóÈóÑö ÈöÇáúÅöåúáóÇßö¡ æóåóÐóÇ ÇáÊøóÑúÊöíÈõ åõæó Ýöí ÇáúÛóÇáöÈö ÊóÝúÕöíáñ ÈóÚúÏó ÅöÌúãóÇáò¡ Ýóíóßõæäõ ãöäú ÚóØúÝö ÇáúãõÝóÕøóáö Úóáóì ÇáúãõÌúãóáö¡ æóÈöÐóáößó ÓóãøóÇåõ ÇÈúäõ ãóÇáößò Ýöí «ÇáÊøóÓúåöíáö» ¡ æóãóËøóáó áóåõ ÈöÞóæúáöåö ÊóÚóÇáóì: ÅöäøóÇ ÃóäúÔóÃúäÇåõäøó ÅöäúÔÇÁð ÝóÌóÚóáúäÇåõäøó ÃóÈúßÇÑÇð ÚõÑõÈÇð [ÇáúæóÇÞöÚóÉ: 35¡ 37] ÇáúÂíóÉó. æóãöäúåõ Þóæúáõåõ ÊóÚóÇáóì: ÇÏúÎõáõæÇ ÃóÈúæÇÈó Ìóåóäøóãó ÎÇáöÏöíäó ÝöíåÇ ÝóÈöÆúÓó ãóËúæóì ÇáúãõÊóßóÈøöÑöíäó [ÇáÒãÑ: 72]- Ãóæú Þóæúáõåõ- ÝóÃóÒóáøóåõãóÇ ÇáÔøóíúØÇäõ ÚóäúåÇ ÝóÃóÎúÑóÌóåõãÇ ãöãøóÇ ßóÇäóÇ Ýöíåö [ÇáúÈóÞóÑóÉ: 36] áöÃóäøó ÇáúÅöÒúáóÇáó Úóäö ÇáúÌóäøóÉö ÝõÕøöáó ÈöÃóäøóåõ ÇáúÅöÎúÑóÇÌõ¡ æóÞóæúáõåõ ÊóÚóÇáóì: ßóÐøóÈóÊú ÞóÈúáóåõãú Þóæúãõ äõæÍò ÝóßóÐøóÈõæÇ ÚóÈúÏóäÇ æóÞÇáõæÇ ãóÌúäõæäñ æóÇÒúÏõÌöÑó [ÇáúÞóãóÑ: 54] æóåóÐóÇ ãöäú ÃóÓóÇáöíÈö ÇáúÅöØúäóÇÈö æóÞóÏú íõÛúÝóáõ Úóäúåõ.
æóÇáúÈóÃúÓõ ãóÇ íóÍúÕõáõ Èöåö ÇáúÃóáóãõ¡ æóÃóßúËóÑõ ÅöØúáóÇÞöåö Úáì ÔÏøÉ ÇáúÍÓÇÈ æóáöÐóáößó ÓõãøöíóÊö ÇáúÍóÑúÈõ ÇáúÈóÃúÓóÇÁó¡ æóÞóÏú ãóÖóì ÚöäúÏó Þóæúáöåö ÊóÚóÇáóì: æóÇáÕøóÇÈöÑöíäó Ýöí ÇáúÈóÃúÓÇÁö æóÇáÖøóÑøóÇÁö æóÍöíäó ÇáúÈóÃúÓö Ýöí ÓõæÑóÉö ÇáúÈóÞóÑóÉö [177] ¡ æóÇáúãõÑóÇÏõ Èöåö åõäóÇ ÚóÐóÇÈõ ÇáÏøõäúíóÇ.
æóÇÓúÊõÚöíÑó ÇáúãóÌöíÁõ áöÍõÏõæËö ÇáÔøóíúÁö æóÍõÕõæáöåö ÈóÚúÏó Ãóäú áóãú íóßõäú ÊóÔúÈöíåðÇ áöÍõáõæáö ÇáÔøóíúÁö ÈöæõÕõæáö ÇáúÞóÇÏöãö ãöäú ãóßóÇäò Åöáóì ãóßóÇäò ÈöÊóäóÞøõáö ÎõØõæóÇÊöåö¡ æóÞóÏú ÊóÞóÏøóãó äóÙöíÑõ åóÐóÇ Ýöí Þóæúáöåö ÊóÚóÇáóì:
ÝóáóæúáÇ ÅöÐú ÌÇÁóåõãú ÈóÃúÓõäÇ ÊóÖóÑøóÚõæÇ Ýöí ÓõæÑóÉö ÇáúÃóäúÚóÇãö [43] .
æóÇáúÈóíóÇÊõ ãóÕúÏóÑõ ÈóÇÊó¡ æóåõæó åõäóÇ ãóäúÕõæÈñ Úóáóì ÇáúÍóÇáö ãöäó ÇáúÈóÃúÓö¡ Ãóíú ÌóÇÁóåõãõ ÇáúÈóÃúÓõ ãõÈóíøöÊðÇ áóåõãú¡ Ãóíú ÌóÇÁóåõãú áóíúáðÇ¡ æóíõØúáóÞõ ÇáúÈóíóÇÊõ Úóáóì ÖóÑúÈò ãöäó ÇáúÛóÇÑóÉö ÊóÞóÚõ áóíúáðÇ¡ ÝóÅöÐóÇ ßóÇäó ÇáúãõÑóÇÏõ ãöäó ÇáúÈóÃúÓö ÇáöÇÓúÊöÚóÇÑóÉó áÔÏøÉ ÇáúÍóÑúÈ ßóãóÇ ÇáúãõÑóÇÏõ ãöäó ÇáúÈóíóÇÊö ÍóÇáóÉð ãöäú ÍóÇáö ÇáúÍóÑúÈö¡ åöíó ÃóÔóÏøõ Úóáóì ÇáúãóÛúÒõæøö¡ ÝóßóÇäó ÊóÑúÔöíÍðÇ áöáöÇÓúÊöÚóÇÑóÉö ÇáÊøóãúËöíáöíøóÉö¡ æóíóÌõæÒõ Ãóäú íóßõæäó ÈóíÇÊÇð ãóäúÕõæÈðÇ Úóáóì
ÇáäøöíóÇÈóÉö Úóäú ÙóÑúÝö ÇáÒøóãóÇäö Ãóíú Ýöí æóÞúÊö ÇáúÈóíóÇÊö.(8-È/21)
æóÌõãúáóÉõ åõãú ÞÇÆöáõæäó ÍóÇáñ ÃóíúÖðÇ áöÚóØúÝöåóÇ Úóáóì ÈóíÇÊÇð ÈóÃóæú¡ æóÞóÏú ßóÝóì åóÐóÇ ÇáúÍóÑúÝõ ÇáúÚóÇØöÝõ Úóäú ÑóÈúØö ÌõãúáóÉö ÇáúÍóÇáö ÈöæóÇæö ÇáúÍóÇáö¡ æóáóæúáóÇ ÇáúÚóØúÝõ áóßóÇäó ÊóÌóÑøõÏõ ãöËúáö åóÐöåö ÇáúÌõãúáóÉö Úóäö ÇáúæóÇæö ÛóíúÑó ÍóÓóäò¡ ßóãóÇ ÞóÇáó Ýöí «ÇáúßóÔøóÇÝö» ¡ æóåõæó ãõÊóÇÈöÚñ áöÚóÈúÏö ÇáúÞóÇåöÑö.
æóÃóÞõæáõ: Åöäøó ÌõãúáóÉó ÇáúÍóÇáö¡ ÅöÐóÇ ßóÇäóÊú ÌõãúáóÉð ÇÓúãöíøóÉð¡ ÝóÅöãøóÇ Ãóäú Êóßõæäó ãõäúÍóáøóÉð Åöáóì ãõÝúÑóÏóíúäö:
ÃóÍóÏõåõãóÇ æóÕúÝõ ÕóÇÍöÈö ÇáúÍóÇáö¡ ÝóåóÐöåö ÊóÌóÑøõÏõåóÇ Úóäö ÇáúæóÇæö ÞóÈöíÍñ¡ ßóãóÇ ÕóÑøóÍó Èöåö ÚóÈúÏõ ÇáÞÇåÑ æÍÞøÞå ÇáÊÝÊÇÒÇäíø Ýöí «ÇáúãõØóæøóáö» ¡ áöÃóäøó ÝóÕöíÍó ÇáúßóáóÇãö Ãóäú íõÌóÇÁó ÈöÇáúÍóÇáö ãõÝúÑóÏóÉð ÅöÐú áóÇ ÏóÇÚöíó áöáúÌõãúáóÉö¡ äóÍúæó ÌóÇÁóäöí ÒóíúÏñ åõæó ÝóÇÑöÓñ¡ ÅöÐú íõÛúäöí Ãóäú ÊóÞõæáó: ÝóÇÑöÓðÇ.
æóÃóãøóÇ ÅöÐóÇ ßóÇäóÊö ÇáúÌõãúáóÉõ ÇÓúãöíøóÉð ÝöíåóÇ ÒöíóÇÏóÉñ Úóáóì æóÕúÝö ÕóÇÍöÈö ÇáúÍóÇáö¡ æóÝöíåóÇ ÖóãöíÑõ ÕóÇÍöÈö ÇáúÍóÇáö¡ ÝóÎõáõæøõåóÇ Úóäö ÇáúæóÇæö ÍóÓóäñ äóÍúæó Þóæúáöåö ÊóÚóÇáóì: ÞõáúäóÇ ÇåúÈöØÇ ãöäúåÇ ÌóãöíÚÇð ÈóÚúÖõßõãú áöÈóÚúÖò ÚóÏõæøñ
[Øå: 123] ÝóÅöäøó åóÐöåö ÍóÇáóÉñ áößöáóÇ ÇáúÝóÑöíÞóíúäö¡ æóåóÐóÇ ÇáÊøóÍúÞöíÞõ åõæó ÇáøóÐöí íóÙúåóÑõ Èöåö ÇáúÝóÑúÞõ Èóíúäó Þóæúáöåö: ÈóÚúÖõßõãú áöÈóÚúÖò ÚóÏõæøñ [Øå: 123] æóÞóæúáöåöãú¡ Ýöí ÇáúãöËóÇáö: ÌóÇÁóäöí ÒóíúÏñ åõæó ÝóÇÑöÓñ¡ æóåõæó ÎóíúÑñ ãöãøóÇ ÃóÌóÇÈó Èöåö ÇáØøöíÈöíøõ æóãóÇ ÓóÇÞóåõ ãöäú ÚöÈóÇÑóÉö «ÇáúãöÝúÊóÇÍö» æóÚöÈóÇÑóÉö ÇÈúäö ÇáúÍóÇÌöÈö ÝóÊóÃóãøóáúåõ. æóÚõáøöáó ÍóÐúÝõ æóÇæö ÇáúÍóÇáö ÈöÏóÝúÚö ÇÓúÊöËúÞóÇáö ÊóæóÇáöí ÍóÑúÝóíúäö ãöäú äóæúÚò æóÇÍöÏò.
æó (Ãóæú) áöÊóÞúÓöíãö ÇáúÞõÑóì ÇáúãõåúáóßóÉö: Åöáóì ãõåúáóßóÉò Ýöí Çááøóíúáö¡ æóãõåúáóßóÉò Ýöí ÇáäøóåóÇÑö¡ æóÇáúãóÞúÕõæÏõ ãöäú åóÐóÇ ÇáÊøóÞúÓöíãö ÊóåúÏöíÏõ Ãóåúáö ãóßøóÉó ÍóÊøóì íóßõæäõæÇ Úóáóì æóÌóáò Ýöí ßõáøö æóÞúÊò áóÇ íóÏúÑõæäó ãóÊóì íóÍõáøõ Èöåöãõ ÇáúÚóÐóÇÈõ¡ ÈöÍóíúËõ áóÇ íóÃúãóäõæäó Ýöí æóÞúÊò ãóÇ.
æóãóÚúäóì: ÞÇÆöáõæäó ßóÇÆöäõæäó Ýöí æóÞúÊö ÇáúÞóíúáõæáóÉö¡ æóåöíó ÇáúÞóÇÆöáóÉõ¡ æóåöíó ÇÓúã ááúæóÞúÊ ÇáúãõÈúÊóÏöÆ ãöäú äöÕúÝö ÇáäøóåóÇÑö ÇáúãõäúÊóåöí ÈöÇáúÚóÕúÑö¡ æóÝöÚúáõåõ: ÞóÇáó íóÞöíáõ Ýóåõæó ÞóÇÆöáñ¡ æóÇáúãóÞöíáõ ÇáÑøóÇÍóÉõ Ýöí Ðóáößó ÇáúæóÞúÊö¡ æóíõØúáóÞõ ÇáúãóÞöíáõ Úóáóì ÇáúÞóÇÆöáóÉö ÃóíúÖðÇ.
æóÎõÕøó åóÐóÇäö ÇáúæóÞúÊóÇäö ãöäú Èóíúäö ÃóæúÞóÇÊö Çááøóíúáö æóÇáäøóåóÇÑö: áöÃóäøóåõãóÇ ÇááøóÐóÇäö(8-È/22)
íóØúáõÈõ ÝöíåöãóÇ ÇáäøóÇÓõ ÇáÑøóÇÍóÉó æóÇáÏøóÚóÉó¡ ÝóæõÞõæÚõ ÇáúÚóÐóÇÈö ÝöíåöãóÇ ÃóÔóÏøõ Úóáóì ÇáäøóÇÓö¡ æóáöÃóäøó ÇáÊøóÐúßöíÑó ÈöÇáúÚóÐóÇÈö ÝöíåöãóÇ íõäóÛøöÕõ Úóáóì ÇáúãõßóÐøöÈöíäó ÊóÎóíøõáó äóÚöíãö ÇáúæóÞúÊóíúäö.
æóÇáúãóÚúäóì: æóßóãú ãöäú Ãóåúáö ÞóÑúíóÉò ãõÔúÑößöíäó ÃóåúáóßúäóÇåõãú ÌóÒóÇÁð Úóáóì ÔöÑúßöåöãú¡ ÝóßõæäõæÇ íóÇ ãóÚúÔóÑó Ãóåúáö ãóßøóÉó Úóáóì ÍóÐóÑò Ãóäú äõÕöíÈóßõãú ãöËúáó ãóÇ ÃóÕóÇÈóåõãú ÝóÅöäøóßõãú æóÅöíøóÇåõãú ÓóæóÇÁñ.
æóÞóæúáõåõ: ÝóãÇ ßÇäó ÏóÚúæÇåõãú íóÕöÍøõ Ãóäú Êóßõæäó ÇáúÝóÇÁõ Ýöíåö áöáÊøóÑúÊöíÈö ÇáÐøößúÑöíøö ÊóÈóÚðÇ áöáöÝóÇÁò Ýöí
Þóæúáöåö: ÝóÌÇÁóåÇ ÈóÃúÓõäÇ áöÃóäøóåõ ãöäú ÈóÞöíøóÉö ÇáúãóÐúßõæÑö¡ æóíóÕöÍøõ Ãóäú íóßõæäó áöáÊøóÑúÊöíÈö ÇáúãóÚúäóæöíøö áöÃóäøó ÏóÚúæóÇåõãú ÊóÑóÊøóÈóÊú Úóáóì ãóÌöíÁö ÇáúÈóÃúÓö.
æóÇáÏøóÚúæóì ÇÓúãñ ÈöãóÚúäóì ÇáÏøõÚóÇÁö ßóÞóæúáöåö: ÏóÚúæÇåõãú ÝöíåÇ ÓõÈúÍÇäóßó Çááøóåõãøó [íõæäõÓ: 10] æóåõæó ßóËöíÑñ Ýöí ÇáúÞõÑúÂäö¡ æóÇáÏøõÚóÇÁõ åõäóÇ áöÑóÝúÚö ÇáúÚóÐóÇÈö Ãóíö ÇáöÇÓúÊöÛóÇËóÉö ÚöäúÏó Íõáõæáö ÇáúÈóÃúÓö æóÙõåõæÑö ÃóÓúÈóÇÈö ÇáúÚóÐóÇÈö¡ æóÐóáößó Ãóäøó ÔóÃúäó ÇáäøóÇÓö ÅöÐóÇ Íóáøó Èöåöãõ ÇáúÚóÐóÇÈõ Ãóäú íóÌúÃóÑõæÇ Åöáóì Çááøóåö ÈöÇáöÇÓúÊöÛóÇËóÉö¡ æóãóÚúäóì ÇáúÍóÕúÑö Ãóäøóåõãú áóãú íóÓúÊóÛöíËõæÇ Çááøóåó æóáóÇ ÊóæóÌøóåõæÇ Åöáóíúåö ÈöÇáÏøõÚóÇÁö æóáóßöäøóåõãú æóÖóÚõæÇ ÇáöÇÚúÊöÑóÇÝó ÈöÇáÙøõáúãö ãóæúÖöÚó ÇáöÇÓúÊöÛóÇËóÉö ÝóáöÐóáößó ÇÓúÊóËúäóÇåõ Çááøóåõ ãöäó ÇáÏøóÚúæóì.
æóíóÌõæÒõ Ãóäú Êóßõæäó ÇáÏøóÚúæóì ÈöãóÚúäóì ÇáöÇÏøöÚóÇÁö Ãóíö: ÇäúÞóØóÚóÊú ßõáøõ ÇáÏøóÚóÇæóì ÇáøóÊöí ßóÇäõæÇ íóÏøóÚõæäóåóÇ ãöäú ÊóÍúÞöíÞö ÊóÚóÏøõÏö ÇáúÂáöåóÉö æóÃóäøó Ïöíäóåõãú ÍóÞøñ¡ Ýóáóãú ÊóÈúÞó áóåõãú ÏóÚúæóì¡ Èóáö ÇÚúÊóÑóÝõæÇ ÈöÃóäøóåõãú ãõÈúØöáõæäó¡ Ýóíóßõæäõ ÇáöÇÓúÊöËúäóÇÁõ ãõäúÞóØöÚðÇ áöÃóäøó ÇÚúÊöÑóÇÝóåõãú áóíúÓó ÈöÏóÚúæóì.
æóÇÞúÊöÕóÇÑõåõãú Úóáóì Þóæúáöåöãú: ÅöäøóÇ ßõäøóÇ ÙÇáöãöíäó ÅöãøóÇ áöÃóäøó Ðóáößó ÇáúÞóæúáó ãõÞóÏøöãóÉõ ÇáÊøóæúÈóÉö áöÃóäøó ÇáÊøóæúÈóÉó íóÊóÞóÏøóãõåóÇ ÇáöÇÚúÊöÑóÇÝõ ÈöÇáÐøóäúÈö¡ Ýóåõãõ ÇÚúÊóÑóÝõæÇ Úóáóì äöíøóÉö Ãóäú íóäúÊóÞöáõæÇ ãöäó ÇáöÇÚúÊöÑóÇÝö Åöáóì ØóáóÈö ÇáúÚóÝúæö¡ ÝóÚõæÌöáõæÇ ÈöÇáúÚóÐóÇÈö¡ ÝóßóÇäó ÇÚúÊöÑóÇÝõåõãú- ÂÎöÑõ Þóæúáöåöãú Ýöí ÇáÏøõäúíóÇ- ãõÞóÏøöãóÉð áöÔóåóÇÏóÉö ÃóáúÓöäóÊöåöãú Úóáóíúåöãú Ýöí(8-È/23)
ÇáúÍóÔúÑö¡ æóÅöãøóÇ áöÃóäøó Çááøóåó ÃóÌúÑóì Ðóáößó Úóáóì ÃóáúÓöäóÊöåöãú æóÕóÑóÝóåõãú Úóäö ÇáÏøõÚóÇÁö Åöáóì Çááøóåö áöíóÍúÑöãóåõãú ãõæÌöÈóÇÊö ÊóÎúÝöíÝö ÇáúÚóÐóÇÈö.
æóÃóíøðÇ ãóÇ ßóÇäó ÝóÅöäøó ÌóÑóíóÇäó åóÐóÇ ÇáúÞóæúáö Úóáóì ÃóáúÓöäóÊöåöãú ßóÇäó äóÊöíÌóÉó ÊóÝóßøõÑöåöãú Ýöí Ùõáúãöåöãú Ýöí ãõÏøóÉö ÓóáóÇãóÊöåöãú¡ æóáóßöäøó ÇáúÚöäóÇÏó æóÇáúßöÈúÑöíóÇÁó íóÕõÏøóÇäöåöãú Úóäö ÇáúÅöÞúáóÇÚö Úóäúåõ¡ æóãöäú ÔóÃúäö ãóäú ÊõÕöíÈõåõ ÔöÏøóÉñ Ãóäú íóÌúÑöíó Úóáóì áöÓóÇäöåö ßóáóÇãñ¡ Ýóãóäö ÇÚúÊóÇÏó Þóæúáó ÇáúÎóíúÑö äóØóÞó Èöåö¡ æóãóäö ÇÚúÊóÇÏó ÖöÏøóåõ ÌóÑóì Úóáóì áöÓóÇäöåö ßóáóÇãõ ÇáÊøóÓóÎøõØö æóãõäúßóÑõ ÇáúÞóæúáö¡ ÝóáöÐóáößó ÌóÑóì Úóáóì áöÓóÇäöåöãú ãóÇ ßóËõÑó ÌóæóáóÇäõåõ Ýöí ÃóÝúßóÇÑöåöãú.
æóÇáúãõÑóÇÏõ ÈöÞóæúáöåöãú: ßõäøóÇ ÙÇáöãöíäó Ãóäøóåõãú ÙóáóãõæÇ ÃóäúÝõÓóåõãú ÈöÇáúÚöäóÇÏö¡ æóÊóßúÐöíÈö ÇáÑøõÓõáö¡ æóÇáúÅöÚúÑóÇÖö Úóäö ÇáúÂíóÇÊö¡ æóÕóãøö ÇáúÂÐóÇäö Úóäö ÇáúæóÚöíÏö æóÇáúæóÚúÙö¡ æóÐóáößó íóÌúãóÚõåõ ÇáúÅöÔúÑóÇßõ ÈöÇááøóåö¡ ÞóÇáó ÊóÚóÇáóì: Åöäøó ÇáÔøöÑúßó áóÙõáúãñ ÚóÙöíãñ [áõÞúãóÇä: 13] ¡ æóÐóáößó ãóæúÖöÚõ ÇáöÇÚúÊöÈóÇÑö áöáúãõÎóÇØóÈöíäó ÈöÞóæúáöåö:
æóáÇ ÊóÊøóÈöÚõæÇ ãöäú Ïõæäöåö ÃóæúáöíÇÁó [ÇáúÃóÚúÑóÇÝ: 3] Ãóíú Ãóäøó Çááøóåó áóãú íóÙúáöãúåõãú¡ æóåõæó íóÍúÊóãöáõ Ãóäøóåõãú ÚóáöãõæÇ Ðóáößó ÈöãõÔóÇåóÏóÉö ÇáúÚóÐóÇÈö æóÅöáúåóÇãöåöãú Ãóäøó ãöËúáó Ðóáößó ÇáúÚóÐóÇÈö áóÇ íóäúÒöáõ ÅöáøóÇ ÈöÇáÙøóÇáöãöíäó¡ Ãóæú ÈöæöÌúÏóÇäöåöãú ÅöíøóÇåõ Úóáóì ÇáÕøöÝóÉö ÇáúãóæúÚõæÏö ÈöåóÇ Úóáóì ÃóáúÓöäóÉö ÑõÓõáöåöãú¡ Ýóíóßõæäõ ÇáúßóáóÇãõ ÅöÞúÑóÇÑðÇ ãóÍúÖðÇ ÃóÞóÑøõæÇ Èöåö Ýöí ÃóäúÝõÓöåöãú¡ ÝóÕöíÛóÉõ ÇáúÎóÈóÑö ãõÓúÊóÚúãóáóÉñ Ýöí ÅöäúÔóÇÁö ÇáúÅöÞúÑóÇÑö¡ æóíõÍúÊóãóáõ Ãóäøóåõãú ßóÇäõæÇ íóÚúáóãõæäó Ãóäøóåõãú ÙóÇáöãõæäó¡ ãöäú ÞóÈúáö äõÒõæáö ÇáúÚóÐóÇÈö¡ æóßóÇäõæÇ ãõÕöÑøöíäó Úóáóíúåö æóãõßóÇÈöÑöíäó¡ ÝóáóãøóÇ ÑóÃóæõÇ ÇáúÚóÐóÇÈó äóÏöãõæÇ
æóÃóäúÕóÝõæÇ ãöäú ÃóäúÝõÓöåöãú¡ Ýóíóßõæäõ ÇáúßóáóÇãõ¡ ÅöÞúÑóÇÑðÇ ãóÔõæÈðÇ ÈöÍóÓúÑóÉò æóäóÏóÇãóÉò¡ ÝóÇáúÎóÈóÑõ ãõÓúÊóÚúãóáñ Ýöí ãóÚúäóÇåõ ÇáúãóÌóÇÒöíøö ÇáÕøóÑöíÍö æóãóÚúäóÇåõ ÇáúßöäóÇÆöíøö¡ æóÇáúãóÚúäóì ÇáúãóÌóÇÒöíøõ íóÌúÊóãöÚõ ãóÚó ÇáúßöäóÇíóÉö ÈöÇÚúÊöÈóÇÑö ßóæúäöåö ãóÌóÇÒðÇ ÕóÑöíÍðÇ.
æóåóÐóÇ ÇáúÞóæúáõ íóÞõæáõæäóåõ áöÛóíúÑö ãõÎóÇØóÈò ãõÚóíøöäò¡ ßóÔóÃúäö ÇáúßóáóÇãö ÇáøóÐöí íóÌúÑöí Úóáóì ÇááøöÓóÇäö ÚöäúÏó ÇáÔøóÏóÇÆöÏö¡ ãöËúáó Çáúæóíúáö æóÇáËøõÈõæÑö¡ Ýóíóßõæäõ ÇáúßóáóÇãõ ãõÓúÊóÚúãóáðÇ Ýöí ãóÚúäóÇåõ ÇáúãóÌóÇÒöíøö¡ Ãóæú íóÞõæáõåõ ÈóÚúÖõåõãú áöÈóÚúÖò¡ Èóíúäóåõãú¡ Úóáóì ãóÚúäóì ÇáÊøóæúÈöíÎö¡(8-È/24)
æóÇáÊøóæúÞöíÝö Úóáóì ÇáúÎóØóÃö¡ æóÅöäúÔóÇÁö ÇáäøóÏóÇãóÉö¡ Ýóíóßõæäõ ãõÓúÊóÚúãóáðÇ Ýöí ÇáúãóÚúäóì ÇáúãóÌóÇÒöíøö ÇáÕøóÑöíÍö¡ æóÇáúãóÚúäóì ÇáúßöäóÇÆöíøö¡ Úóáóì äóÍúæö ãóÇ ÞóÑøóÑúÊõåõ ÂäöÝðÇ.
æóÇáÊøóæúßöíÏõ ÈöÅöäøó áöÊóÍúÞöíÞö áöáäøóÝúÓö Ãóæú áöáúãõÎóÇØóÈöíäó Úóáóì ÇáúæóÌúåóíúäö ÇáúãõÊóÞóÏøöãóíúäö Ãóæú íóßõæäõ Þóæúáõåõãú Ðóáößó Ýöí ÃóäúÝõÓöåöãú¡ Ãóæú Èóíúäó ÌóãóÇÚóÊöåöãú¡ ÌóÇÑöíðÇ ãóÌúÑóì ÇáÊøóÚúáöíáö áöäõÒõæáö ÇáúÈóÃúÓö Èöåöãú æóÇáöÇÚúÊöÑóÇÝö ÈöÃóäøóåõãú ÌóÏöíÑõæäó Èöåö¡ æóáöÐóáößó ÃóØúáóÞõæÇ Úóáóì ÇáÔøöÑúßö ÍöíäóÆöÐò ÇáöÇÓúãó ÇáúãõÔúÚöÑó ÈöãóÐóãøóÊöåö ÇáøóÐöí áóãú íóßõæäõæÇ íõØúáöÞõæäóåõ Úóáóì Ïöíäöåöãú ãöäú ÞóÈúáõ.
æóÇÓúãõ ßóÇäó åõæó: Ãóäú ÞÇáõæÇ ÇáúãõÝóÑøöÛõ áóåõ Úóãóáõ ßóÇäó¡ æÏóÚúæÇåõãú ÎóÈóÑõ (ßóÇäó) ãõÞóÏøóãñ¡ áöÞóÑöíäóÉö ÚóÏóãö ÇÊøöÕóÇáö ßóÇäó ÈöÊóÇÁö ÇáÊøóÃúäöíËö¡ æóáóæú ßóÇäó: (ÏóÚúæóì) åõæó ÇÓúãõåóÇ áóßóÇäó ÇÊøöÕóÇáõåóÇ ÈöÊóÇÁö ÇáÊøóÃúäöíËö ÃóÍúÓóäó¡ æóáöáúÌóÑúíö Úóáóì äóÙóÇÆöÑöåö Ýöí ÇáúÞõÑúÂäö æóßóáóÇãö ÇáúÚóÑóÈö Ýöí ßõáøö ãóæúÖöÚò ÌóÇÁó Ýöíåö ÇáúãóÕúÏóÑõ ÇáúãõÄóæøóáõ ãöäú Ãóäú æóÇáúÝöÚúáö ãóÍúÕõæÑðÇ ÈóÚúÏó ßóÇäó¡ äóÍúæó Þóæúáöåö ÊóÚóÇáóì: æóãÇ ßÇäó ÌóæÇÈó Þóæúãöåö ÅöáøóÇ Ãóäú ÞÇáõæÇ ÃóÎúÑöÌõæåõãú ãöäú ÞóÑúíóÊößõãú [ÇáúÃóÚúÑóÇÝ: 82] æóãÇ ßÇäó Þóæúáóåõãú ÅöáøóÇ Ãóäú ÞÇáõæÇ ÑóÈøóäóÇ ÇÛúÝöÑú áóäÇ ÐõäõæÈóäÇ [Âá ÚãÑóÇä: 147] æóÛóíúÑö Ðóáößó¡ æóåõæó ÇÓúÊöÚúãóÇáñ ãõáúÊóÒóãñ¡ ÛóÑöíÈñ¡ ãõØøóÑöÏñ Ýöí ßõáøö ãóÇ æóÞóÚó Ýöíåö ÌõÒúÁõ ÇáúÅöÓúäóÇÏö ÐóÇÊóíúäö ÃõÑöíÏó ÍóÕúÑõ ÊóÍóÞøõÞö ÃóÍóÏöåöãóÇ Ýöí ÊóÍóÞøõÞö ÇáúÂÎóÑö áöÃóäøóåõãóÇ áóãøóÇ ÇÊøóÍóÏóÇ Ýöí ÇáúãóÇÕóÏóÞó¡ æóÇÓúÊóæóíóÇ Ýöí ÇáÊøóÚúÑöíÝö ßóÇäó ÇáúãóÍúÕõæÑõ Ãóæúáóì ÈöÇÚúÊöÈóÇÑö ÇáÊøóÞóÏøõãö ÇáÑøõÊúÈöíøö¡ æóíóÊóÚóíøóäõ ÊóÃúÎöíÑõåõ Ýöí ÇááøóÝúÙö¡ áöÃóäøó ÇáúãóÍúÕõæÑó áóÇ íóßõæäõ ÅöáøóÇ Ýöí ÂÎöÑö ÇáúÌõÒúÃóíúäö¡ ÃóáóÇ ÊóÑóì Åöáóì áõÒõæãö ÊóÃúÎöíÑö ÇáúãõÈúÊóÏóÃö ÇáúãóÍúÕõæÑö. æóÇÚúáóãú Ãóäøó ßóæúäó ÃóÍóÏö ÇáúÌõÒúÃóíúäö ãóÍúÕõæÑðÇ Ïõæäó ÇáúÂÎóÑö Ýöí ãöËúáö åóÐóÇ¡ ããøÇ ÇáÌÒÁÇä Ýöíåö ãõÊøóÍöÏóÇ ÇáúãóÇÕóÏóÞó¡ ÅöäøóãóÇ åõæó ãóäõæØñ ÈöÇÚúÊöÈóÇÑö ÇáúãõÊóßóáøöãö ÃóÍóÏóåõãóÇ åõæó ÇáúÃóÕúáõ æóÇáúÂÎóÑó ÇáúÝóÑúÚõ¡ ÝóÝöí ãöËúáö åóÐöåö ÇáúÂíóÉö ÇÚúÊõÈöÑó Þóæúáõåõãú åõæó ÇáúãõÊóÑóÞøóÈõ ãöäó ÇáÓøóÇãöÚö áöáúÞöÕøóÉö ÇÈúÊöÏóÇÁð¡ æóÇÚúÊõÈöÑó ÇáÏøõÚóÇÁõ åõæó ÇáúãõÊóÑóÞøóÈõ ËóÇäöíðÇ¡ ßóÃóäøó ÇáÓøóÇãöÚó íóÓúÃóáõ: ãóÇÐóÇ ÞóÇáõæÇ áóãøóÇ ÌóÇÁóåõãõ ÇáúÈóÃúÓõ¡ ÝóÞöíáó áóåõ: ßóÇäó Þóæúáõåõãú:
ÅöäøóÇ ßõäøóÇ ÙÇáöãöíäó ÏõÚóÇÁóåõãú¡ ÝóÃõÝöíÏó ÇáúÞóæúáõ æóÒöíÏó ÈöÃóäøóåõãú ÝóÑøóØõæÇ Ýöí ÇáÏøõÚóÇÁö¡ æóåóÐöåö äõßúÊóÉñ ÏóÞöíÞóÉñ ÊóäúÝóÚõßó(8-È/25)
ÝóáóäóÓúÃóáóäøó ÇáøóÐöíäó ÃõÑúÓöáó Åöáóíúåöãú æóáóäóÓúÃóáóäøó ÇáúãõÑúÓóáöíäó (6) ÝóáóäóÞõÕøóäøó Úóáóíúåöãú ÈöÚöáúãò æóãóÇ ßõäøóÇ ÛóÇÆöÈöíäó (7)
Ýöí äóÙóÇÆöÑö åóÐöåö ÇáúÂíóÉö¡ ãËá Þóæúáå: æóãÇ ßÇäó ÌóæÇÈó Þóæúãöåö ÅöáøóÇ Ãóäú ÞÇáõæÇ ÃóÎúÑöÌõæåõãú [ÇáúÃóÚúÑóÇÝ: 82] ¡ Úóáóì Ãóäøóåõ ÞóÏú Þöíáó: Åöäøóåõ áöÇØøöÑóÇÏö åóÐóÇ ÇáöÇÚúÊöÈóÇÑö ãóÚó ÇáúãóÕúÏóÑö ÇáúãõÄóæøóáö ãöäú (Ãóäú)
æóÇáúÝöÚúáö ÚöáøóÉð áóÝúÙöíøóÉð: æóåöíó ßóæúäõ ÇáúãóÕúÏóÑö ÇáúãõÄóæøóáö íõÔúÈöåõ ÇáÖøóãöíÑó Ýöí Ãóäøóåõ áóÇ íõæÕóÝõ¡ ÝóßóÇäó ÃóÚúÑóÝó ãöäú ÛóíúÑöåö¡ ÝóáöÐóáößó ßóÇäó ÍóÞöíÞðÇ ÈöÃóäú íóßõæäó åõæó ÇáöÇÓúãõ¡ áöÃóäøó ÇáúÃóÕúáó Ãóäøó ÇáúÃóÚúÑóÝó ãöäó ÇáúÌõÒúÃóíúäö æóåõæó ÇáøóÐöí íóßõæäõ ãõÓúäÏðÇ Åöáóíúåö.
[6¡ 7]
[ÓõæÑóÉ ÇáúÃóÚúÑóÇÝ (7) : ÇáúÂíóÇÊ 6 Åöáóì 7]
ÝóáóäóÓúÆóáóäøó ÇáøóÐöíäó ÃõÑúÓöáó Åöáóíúåöãú æóáóäóÓúÆóáóäøó ÇáúãõÑúÓóáöíäó (6) ÝóáóäóÞõÕøóäøó Úóáóíúåöãú ÈöÚöáúãò æóãÇ ßõäøóÇ ÛÇÆöÈöíäó (7)
ÇáúÝóÇÁõ Ýöí Þóæúáå: ÝóáóäóÓúÆóáóäøó ÚóÇØöÝóÉñ¡ áöÊóÑúÊöíÈö ÇáúÃóÎúÈóÇÑö áöÃóäøó æõÌõæÏó áóÇãö ÇáúÞóÓóãö ÚóáøóÇãóÉñ Úóáóì Ãóäøóåõ ßóáóÇãñ ÃõäõÝñ ÇäúÊöÞóÇáñ ãöäú ÎóÈóÑò Åöáóì ÎóÈóÑò¡ æóãöäú ÞöÕøóÉò Åöáóì ÞöÕøóÉò æóåõæó ÇäúÊöÞóÇáñ ãöäó ÇáúÎóÈóÑö Úóäú ÍóÇáóÊöåöãõ ÇáÏøõäúíóæöíøóÉö Åöáóì ÇáúÎóÈóÑö Úóäú ÃóÍúæóÇáöåöãú Ýöí ÇáúÂÎöÑóÉö.
æóÃõßøöÏó ÇáúÎóÈóÑõ ÈöáóÇãö ÇáúÞóÓóãö æóäõæäö ÇáÊøóæúßöíÏö áöÅöÒóÇáóÉö ÇáÔøóßøö Ýöí Ðóáößó.
æóÓõÄóÇáõ ÇáøóÐöíäó ÃõÑúÓöáó Åöáóíúåöãú ÓõÄóÇáñ Úóäú ÈõáõæÛö ÇáÑøöÓóÇáóÉö. æóåõæó ÓõÄóÇáõ ÊóÞúÑöíÚò Ýöí Ðóáößó ÇáúãóÍúÔóÑö¡ ÞóÇáó ÊóÚóÇáóì: æóíóæúãó íõäÇÏöíåöãú ÝóíóÞõæáõ ãóÇÐóÇ ÃóÌóÈúÊõãõ ÇáúãõÑúÓóáöíäó [ÇáúÞóÕóÕ: 65] .
æóÓõÄóÇáõ ÇáúãõÑúÓóáöíäó Úóäú ÊóÈúáöíÛöåöãõ ÇáÑøöÓóÇáóÉó ÓõÄóÇáõ ÅöÑúåóÇÈò áöÃõãóãöåöãú¡ áöÃóäøóåõãú ÅöÐóÇ ÓóãöÚõæÇ ÔóåóÇÏóÉó ÑõÓõáöåöãú Úóáóíúåöãú ÃóíúÞóäõæÇ ÈöÃóäøóåõãú ãóÓõæÞõæäó Åöáóì ÇáúÚóÐóÇÈö¡ æóÞóÏú ÊóÞóÏøóãó Ðóáößó Ýöí Þóæúáöåö: ÝóßóíúÝó ÅöÐÇ ÌöÆúäÇ ãöäú ßõáøö ÃõãøóÉò ÈöÔóåöíÏò [ÇáäøöÓóÇÁ: 41]- æóÞóæúáöåö- íóæúãó íóÌúãóÚõ Çááøóåõ ÇáÑøõÓõáó ÝóíóÞõæáõ ãóÇÐóÇ ÃõÌöÈúÊõãú [ÇáúãóÇÆöÏóÉ:
109] .
æÇáøóÐöíäó ÃõÑúÓöáó Åöáóíúåöãú¡ åõãú Ãõãóãõ ÇáÑøõÓõáö¡ æóÚóÈøóÑó Úóäúåõãú ÈöÇáúãóæúÕõæáö áöãóÇ ÊóÏõáøõ Úóáóíúåö ÇáÕøöáóÉõ ãöäó ÇáÊøóÚúáöíáö¡ ÝóÅöäøó ÝóÇÆöÏóÉó ÇáúÅöÑúÓóÇáö åöíó ÅöÌóÇÈóÉõ ÇáÑøõÓõáö¡ ÝóáóÇ(8-È/26)
ÌóÑóãó Ãóäú íõÓúÃóáó Úóäú Ðóáößó ÇáúãõÑúÓóáõ Åöáóíúåöãú¡ æóáóãøóÇ ßóÇäó ÇáúãóÞúÕõæÏõ ÇáúÃóåóãøõ ãöäó ÇáÓøõÄóÇáö åõæó ÇáúÃõãóãö¡ áöÅöÞóÇãóÉö ÇáúÍõÌøóÉö Úóáóíúåöãú Ýöí ÇÓúÊöÍúÞóÇÞö ÇáúÚöÞóÇÈö¡ ÞõÏøöãó ÐößúÑõåõãú Úóáóì ÐößúÑö ÇáÑøõÓõáö¡ æóáöãóÇ ÊóÏõáøõ Úóáóíúåö ÕöáóÉõ (ÇáøóÐöí) æóÕöáóÉõ (Çáú) ãöäú Ãóäøó ÇáúãóÓúÆõæáó Úóäúåõ åõæó ãóÇ íóÊóÚóáøóÞõ ÈöÃóãúÑö ÇáÑøöÓóÇáóÉö¡ æóåõæó ÓõÄóÇáõ ÇáúÝóÑöíÞóíúäö Úóäú æõÞõæÚö ÇáÊøóÈúáöíÛö.
æóáóãøóÇ Ïóáøó Úóáóì åóÐóÇ ÇáúãóÚúäóì ÇáÊøóÚúÈöíÑõ: Èö ÇáøóÐöíäó ÃõÑúÓöáó Åöáóíúåöãú æóÇáÊøóÚúÈöíÑõ: Èö ÇáúãõÑúÓóáöíäó áóãú íóÍúÊóÌú Åöáóì ÐößúÑö ÌóæóÇÈö ÇáúãóÓúÆõæáöíäó áöÙõåõæÑö Ãóäøóåõ ÅöËúÈóÇÊõ ÇáÊøóÈúáöíÛö æóÇáúÈóáóÇÛö.
æóÇáúÝóÇÁõ Ýöí Þóæúáöåö: ÝóáóäóÞõÕøóäøó Úóáóíúåöãú áöáÊøóÝúÑöíÚö æóÇáÊøóÑúÊöíÈö Úáì Þóæúáå: ÝóáóäóÓúÆóáóäøó¡ Ãóíú áóäóÓúÃóáóäøóåõãú Ëõãøó äõÎúÈöÑõåõãú ÈöÊóÝúÕöíáö ãóÇ ÃóÌúãóáóåõ ÌóæóÇÈõåõãú¡ Ãóíú ÝóáóäóÞõÕøóäøó Úóáóíúåöãú ÊóÝóÇÕöíáó ÃóÍúæóÇáöåöãú¡ Ãóíú ÝóÚöáúãõäóÇ Ûóäöíøñ Úóäú ÌóæóÇÈöåöãú æóáóßöäøó ÇáÓøõÄóÇáó áöÛóÑóÖò ÂÎóÑó.
æóÞóÏú Ïóáøó Úóáóì ÅöÑóÇÏóÉö ÇáÊøóÝúÕöíáö ÊóäúßöíÑõ Úöáúãò Ýöí Þóæúáöåö: ÈöÚöáúãò Ãóíú Úöáúãò ÚóÙöíãò¡ ÝóÅöäøó Êóäúæöíäó (Úöáúãò) áöáÊøóÚúÙöíãö¡ æóßóãóÇáõ ÇáúÚöáúãö ÅöäøóãóÇ íóÙúåóÑõ Ýöí ÇáúÚöáúãö ÈöÇáúÃõãõæÑö ÇáúßóËöíÑóÉö¡ æóÒóÇÏó Ðóáößó ÈóíóÇäðÇ Þóæúáõåõ:
æóãÇ ßõäøóÇ ÛÇÆöÈöíäó ÇáøóÐöí åõæó ÈöãóÚúäóì: áóÇ íóÚúÒõÈõ Úóäú ÚáãäóÇ ÔóíúÁ íÛíÈ ÚóäøóÇ æóäóÛöíÈõ Úóäúåõ.
æóÇáúÞóÕøõ: ÇáúÅöÎúÈóÇÑõ¡ íõÞóÇáõ: ÞóÕøó Úóáóíúåö¡ ÈöãóÚúäóì ÃóÎúÈóÑóåõ¡ æóÊóÞóÏøóãó Ýöí Þóæúáöåö ÊóÚóÇáóì: íóÞõÕøõ ÇáúÍóÞøó Ýöí ÓõæÑóÉö ÇáúÃóäúÚóÇãö [57] .
æóÌõãúáóÉõ: æóãÇ ßõäøóÇ ÛÇÆöÈöíäó ãóÚúØõæÝ Úóáóì ÝóáóäóÞõÕøóäøó Úóáóíúåöãú ÈöÚöáúãò¡ æóåöíó Ýöí ãóæúÞöÚö ÇáÊøóÐúíöíáö.
æóÇáúÛóÇÆöÈõ ÖöÏøõ ÇáúÍóÇÖöÑö¡ æóåõæó åõäóÇ ßöäóÇíóÉñ Úóäö ÇáúÌóÇåöáö¡ áöÃóäøó ÇáúÛóíúÈóÉó ÊóÓúÊóáúÒöãõ ÇáúÌóåóÇáóÉó ÚõÑúÝðÇ¡ Ãóíö ÇáúÌóåóÇáóÉó ÈöÃóÍúæóÇáö ÇáúãóÛöíÈö Úóäúåõ¡ ÝóÅöäøóåóÇ æóáóæú ÈóáóÛóÊúåõ(8-È/27)
æóÇáúæóÒúäõ íóæúãóÆöÐò ÇáúÍóÞøõ Ýóãóäú ËóÞõáóÊú ãóæóÇÒöíäõåõ ÝóÃõæáóÆößó åõãõ ÇáúãõÝúáöÍõæäó (8) æóãóäú ÎóÝøóÊú ãóæóÇÒöíäõåõ ÝóÃõæáóÆößó ÇáøóÐöíäó ÎóÓöÑõæÇ ÃóäúÝõÓóåõãú ÈöãóÇ ßóÇäõæÇ ÈöÂíóÇÊöäóÇ íóÙúáöãõæäó (9)
ÈöÇáúÃóÎúÈóÇÑö áóÇ Êóßõæäõ ÊóÇãøóÉð ÚöäúÏóåõ ãöËúáó ÇáúãõÔóÇåöÏö¡ Ãóíú: æóãóÇ ßõäøóÇ ÌóÇåöáöíäó ÈöÔóíúÁò ãöäú ÃóÍúæóÇáöåöãú¡ áöÃóäøóäóÇ ãõØøóáöÚõæäó Úóáóíúåöãú¡ æóåóÐóÇ ÇáäøóÝúíõ áöáúÛóíúÈóÉö ãöËúáó ÅöËúÈóÇÊö ÇáúãóÚöíøóÉö Ýöí Þóæúáöåö ÊóÚóÇáóì: æóåõæó ãóÚóßõãú Ãóíúäó ãóÇ ßõäúÊõãú [ÇáúÍóÏöíÏ: 4] .
æóÅöËúÈóÇÊõ ÓõÄóÇáö ÇáúÃõãóãö åõäóÇ áóÇ íõäóÇÝöí äóÝúíóåõ Ýöí Þóæúáöåö ÊóÚóÇáóì: æóáÇ íõÓúÆóáõ Úóäú ÐõäõæÈöåöãõ ÇáúãõÌúÑöãõæäó [ÇáúÞóÕóÕ: 78]- æóÞóæúáöåö- ÝóíóæúãóÆöÐò áóÇ íõÓúÆóáõ Úóäú ÐóäúÈöåö ÅöäúÓñ æóáÇ ÌóÇäøñ [ÇáÑøóÍúãóä: 39] áöÃóäøó ÇáúãóÓúÆõæáó Úóäúåõ åõäóÇ åõæó ÇáÊøóÈúáöíÛõ æóÇáúãóäúÝöíøõ Ýöí ÇáúÂíóÊóíúäö ÇáúÃõÎúÑóíóíúäö åõæó ÇáÓøõÄóÇáõ áöãóÚúÑöÝóÉö ÊóÝóÇÕöíáö ÐõäõæÈöåöãú¡ æóåõæó ÇáøóÐöí ÃõÑöíÏó åõäóÇ Ýöí Þóæúáöåö: æóãÇ ßõäøóÇ ÛÇÆöÈöíäó.
[8¡ 9]
[ÓõæÑóÉ ÇáúÃóÚúÑóÇÝ (7) : ÇáúÂíóÇÊ 8 Åöáóì 9]
æóÇáúæóÒúäõ íóæúãóÆöÐò ÇáúÍóÞøõ Ýóãóäú ËóÞõáóÊú ãóæÇÒöíäõåõ ÝóÃõæáÆößó åõãõ ÇáúãõÝúáöÍõæäó (8) æóãóäú ÎóÝøóÊú ãóæÇÒöíäõåõ ÝóÃõæáÆößó ÇáøóÐöíäó ÎóÓöÑõæÇ ÃóäúÝõÓóåõãú ÈöãÇ ßÇäõæÇ ÈöÂíÇÊöäÇ íóÙúáöãõæäó (9)
ÚØÝ ÌõãúáóÉõ: æóÇáúæóÒúäõ íóæúãóÆöÐò ÇáúÍóÞøõ Úóáóì ÌãáóÉ ÝóáóäóÞõÕøóäøó [ÇáúÃóÚúÑóÇÝ: 7] ¡ áöãóÇ ÊóÖóãøóäóÊúåõ ÇáúãóÚúØõæÝõ ÚóáóíúåóÇ ãöäó ÇáúÚöáúãö ÈöÍóÓóäóÇÊö ÇáäøóÇÓö æóÓóíøöÆóÇÊöåöãú¡ ÝóáóÇ ÌóÑóãó ÃóÔúÚóÑóÊú ÈöÃóäøó ãóÙúåóÑó Ðóáößó ÇáúÚöáúãö æóÃóËóÑóåõ åõæó ÇáËøóæóÇÈõ æóÇáúÚöÞóÇÈõ¡ æóÊóÝóÇæõÊõ ÏóÑóÌóÇÊö ÇáúÚóÇãöáöíäó æóÏóÑóßóÇÊöåöãú ÊóÝóÇæõÊðÇ áóÇ íõÙúáóãõ ÇáúÚóÇãöáõ Ýöíåö ãöËúÞóÇáó ÐóÑøóÉò¡ æóáóÇ íóÝõæÊõ ãóÇ íóÓúÊóÍöÞøõåõ ÅöáøóÇ Ãóäú íóÊóÝóÖøóáó Çááøóåõ Úóáóì ÃóÍóÏò ÈöÑóÝúÚö ÏóÑóÌóÉò Ãóæú ãóÛúÝöÑóÉö ÒóáøóÉò áöÃóÌúáö ÓóáóÇãóÉö ÞóáúÈò Ãóæú ÔóÝóÇÚóÉò Ãóæú äóÍúæö Ðóáößó¡ ãöãøóÇ Çááøóåõ ÃóÚúáóãõ Èöåö ãöäú ÚöÈóÇÏöåö¡ ÝóáöÐóáößó ÚõÞøöÈóÊú ÌãáóÉ: ÝóáóäóÞõÕøóäøó [ÇáúÃóÚúÑóÇÝ: 7] ÈöÌõãúáóÉö: æóÇáúæóÒúäõ íóæúãóÆöÐò ÇáúÍóÞøõ ÝóßóÃóäøóåõ Þöíáó: ÝóáóäóÞõÕøóäøó Úóáóíúåöãú ÈöÚöáúãò æóáóäõÌóÇÒöíóäøóåõãú Úóáóì ÃóÚúãóÇáöåöãú ÌóÒóÇÁð áóÇ ÛóÈúäó Ýöíåö Úóáóì ÃóÍóÏò.
æóÇáÊøóäúæöíäõ Ýöí Þóæúáöåö: íóæúãóÆöÐò ÚöæóÖñ Úóäú ãõÖóÇÝò Åöáóíúåö Ïóáøó Úóáóíúåö:(8-È/28)
ÝóáóäóÓúÆóáóäøó ÇáøóÐöíäó ÃõÑúÓöáó
Åöáóíúåöãú
[ÇáúÃóÚúÑóÇÝ: 6] æóãóÇ ÚõØöÝó Úóáóíúåö ÈöÇáúæóÇæö æóÈöÇáúÝóÇÁö¡ æóÇáÊøóÞúÏöíÑõ: íóæúãó ÅöÐò äóÓúÃóáõåõãú æóäóÓúÃóáõ ÑõÓõáóåõãú æóäóÞõÕøõ ÐõäõæÈóåõãú Úóáóíúåöãú.
æóÇáúæóÒúäõ ÍóÞöíÞóÊõåõ ãõÚóÇÏóáóÉõ ÌöÓúãò ÈöÂÎóÑó áöãóÚúÑöÝóÉö ËöÞóáö ÃóÍóÏö ÇáúÌöÓúãóíúäö Ãóæú ßöáóíúåöãóÇ Ýöí ÊóÚóÇÏõáöåöãóÇ Ãóæú ÊóÝóÇæõÊöåöãóÇ Ýöí ÇáúãöÞúÏóÇÑö¡ æóÅöÐú ÞóÏú ßóÇäó ÊóÓóÇæöí ÇáúÌöÓúãóíúäö ÇáúãóæúÒõæäóíúäö äóÇÏöÑó ÇáúÍõÕõæáö ÊóÚóíøóäó ÌõÚöáóÊú ÃóÌúÓóÇãñ ÃõÎúÑóì íõÚúÑóÝõ ÈöåóÇ ãöÞúÏóÇÑõ ÇáÊøóÝóÇæõÊö¡ ÝóáóÇ ÈõÏøó ãöäú ÂáóÉò ÊõæÖóÚõ ÝöíåóÇ ÇáúÃóÔúíóÇÁõ¡ æóÊõÓóãøóì ÇáúãöíÒóÇäõ æóáóåóÇ ÃóÔúßóÇáñ ãõÎúÊóáöÝóÉñ ÔóßúáðÇ æóÇÊøöÓóÇÚðÇ.
æóÇáúÃóÌúÓóÇãõ ÇáøóÊöí ÊõÌúÚóáõ áöÊóÚúíöíäö ÇáúãóÞóÇÏöíÑö ÊõÓóãøóì ãóæóÇÒöíäõ¡ æóÇÍöÏõåóÇ ãöíÒóÇäõ ÃóíúÖðÇ æóÊõÓóãøóì ÃóæúÒóÇäðÇ æóÇÍöÏõåóÇ æóÒúäñ¡ æóíõØúáóÞõ ÇáúæóÒúäõ Úóáóì ãóÚúÑöÝóÉö ãöÞúÏóÇÑö ÍóÇáò Ýöí ÝóÖúáò æóäóÍúæöåö ÞóÇáó ÊóÚóÇáóì:
ÝóáÇ äõÞöíãõ áóåõãú íóæúãó ÇáúÞöíÇãóÉö æóÒúäÇð [ÇáúßóåúÝ: 105] æóÝöí ÍóÏöíËö ÃóÈöí åõÑóíúÑóÉó¡ Ýöí «ÇáÕøóÍöíÍóíúäö» :
«Åöäøóåõ áóíõÄúÊóì ÈöÇáúÚóÙöíãö ÇáÓøóãöíäö íóæúãó ÇáúÞöíóÇãóÉö áóÇ íóÒöäõ ÚöäúÏó Çááøóåö ÌóäóÇÍó ÈóÚõæÖóÉò» . æóíõÓúÊóÚóÇÑõ ÇÓúÊöÚóÇÑóÉð ÊóãúËöíáöíøóÉð áöáÊøóÏúÈöíÑö Ýöí ÃóÍúæóÇáò¡ ßóÞóæúáö ÇáÑøóÇÚöí:
æóÒóäóÊú ÃõãóíøóÉõ ÃóãúÑóåóÇ ÝóÏóÚóÊú áóåõ ... ãóäú áóãú íóßõäú ÛõãöÑðÇ æóáóÇ ãóÌúåõæáðÇ
ÝóÇáúæóÒúäõ Ýöí åóÐöåö ÇáúÂíóÉö íõÑóÇÏõ Èöåö ÊóÚúíöíäõ ãóÞóÇÏöíÑö ãóÇ ÊóÓúÊóÍöÞøõåõ ÇáúÃóÚúãóÇáõ ãöäó ÇáËøóæóÇÈö æóÇáúÚöÞóÇÈö ÊóÚúíöíäðÇ áóÇ ÅöÌúÍóÇÝó Ýöíåö¡ ßóÊóÚúíöíäö ÇáúãöíÒóÇäö Úóáóì ÍóÓóÈö ãóÇ Úóíøóäó Çááøóåõ ãöäú ËóæóÇÈò Ãóæú ÚöÞóÇÈò Úóáóì ÇáúÃóÚúãóÇáö¡ æóÐóáößó ãöãøóÇ íóÚúáóãõåõ Çááøóåõ ÊóÚóÇáóì: ßóßóæúäö ÇáúÚóãóáö ÇáÕøóÇáöÍö áöáøóåö æóßóæúäöåö ÑöíóÇÁð¡ æóßóßóæúäö ÇáúÌöåóÇÏö áöÅöÚúáóÇÁö ßóáöãóÉö Çááøóåö Ãóæú ßóæúäöåö áöãõÌóÑøóÏö ÇáØøóãóÚö Ýöí ÇáúÛóäöíãóÉö¡ Ýóíóßõæäõ ÇáúÌóÒóÇÁõ Úóáóì ÞóÏúÑö ÇáúÚóãóáö¡ ÝóÇáúæóÒúäõ ÇÓúÊöÚóÇÑóÉñ¡ æóíóÌõæÒõ Ãóäú íõÑóÇÏó Èöåö ÇáúÍóÞöíÞóÉõ ÝóÞóÏú Þöíáó ÊõæÖóÚõ ÇáÕøóÍóÇÆöÝõ ÇáøóÊöí ßóÊóÈóÊúåóÇ ÇáúãóáóÇÆößóÉõ áöáúÃóÚúãóÇáö Ýöí ÔóíúÁò ÎóáóÞóåõ Çááøóåõ áöíóÌúÚóáóåõ Çááøóåõ íóæúãó ÇáúÞöíóÇãóÉö¡ íóäúØöÞõ Ãóæú íóÊóßóíøóÝõ ÈößóíúÝöíøóÉò ÝóíóÏõáøõ Úóáóì ãóÞóÇÏöíÑö ÇáúÃóÚúãóÇáö áöÃóÑúÈóÇÈöåóÇ¡ æóÐóáößó ãõãúßöäñ¡ æóÞóÏú æóÑóÏóÊú ÃóÎúÈóÇÑñ Ýöí ÕöÝóÉö åóÐóÇ ÇáúãöíÒóÇäö áóãú íóÕöÍøó ÔóíúÁñ ãöäúåóÇ.
æóÇáúÚöÈóÇÑóÇÊõ Ýöí ãöËúáö åóÐóÇ ÇáúãóÞóÇãö ÞóÇÕöÑóÉñ Úóäú æóÕúÝö ÇáúæóÇÞöÚóÇÊö¡ áöÃóäøóåóÇ ãöäú ÎóæóÇÑöÞö ÇáúãõÊóÚóÇÑóÝö¡ ÝóáóÇ ÊóÚúÏõæ ÇáúÚöÈóÇÑóÇÊõ ÝöíåóÇ ÊóÞúÑöíÈó ÇáúÍóÞóÇÆöÞö æóÊóãúËöíáóåóÇ ÈöÃóÞúÕóì(8-È/29)
ãóÇ ÊóÚóÇÑóÝóåõ Ãóåúáõ ÇááøõÛóÉö¡ ÝóãóÇ ÌóÇÁó ãöäúåóÇ ÈöÕöíÛóÉö ÇáúãóÕúÏóÑö ÛóíúÑõ ãõÊóÚóáøöÞò ÈöÝöÚúáò íóÞúÊóÖöí ÂáóÉð ÝóÍóãúáõåõ Úóáóì ÇáúãóÌóÇÒö ÇáúãóÔúåõæÑö ßóÞóæúáöåö ÊóÚóÇáóì: ÝóáÇ äõÞöíãõ áóåõãú íóæúãó ÇáúÞöíÇãóÉö æóÒúäÇð [ÇáúßóåúÝ: 105] . æóãóÇ ÌóÇÁó ãöäúåóÇ Úóáóì ÕöíÛóÉö ÇáúÃóÓúãóÇÁö Ýóåõæó ãõÍúÊóãóáñ ãöËúáó ãóÇ åõäóÇ áöÞóæúáöåö: Ýóãóäú ËóÞõáóÊú ãóæÇÒöíäõåõ ÅöáóÎú æóãöËúáó
Þóæá ÇáäøÈíÁ Õóáøóì Çááåõ Úóáóíúåö æóÓóáøóãó: «ßóáöãóÊóÇäö ÎóÝöíÝóÊóÇäö Úóáóì ÇááøöÓóÇäö ËóÞöíáóÊóÇäö Ýöí ÇáúãöíÒóÇäö»
æóãóÇ ÊóÚóáøóÞó ÈöÝöÚúáò ãõÞúÊóÖò ÂáóÉð ÝóÍóãúáõåõ Úóáóì ÇáÊøóãúËöíáö Ãóæú Úóáóì ãóÎúáõæÞò ãöäú ÃõãõæÑö ÇáúÂÎöÑóÉö ãöËúáó Þóæúáöåö ÊóÚóÇáóì: æóäóÖóÚõ ÇáúãóæÇÒöíäó ÇáúÞöÓúØó áöíóæúãö ÇáúÞöíÇãóÉö
[ÇáúÃóäúÈöíóÇÁ: 47] . æóÞóÏú æóÑóÏó Ýöí ÇáÓøõäøóÉö ÐößúÑõ ÇáúãöíÒóÇäö Ýöí ÍóÏöíËö ÇáúÈöØóÇÞóÉö ÇáøóÊöí ÝöíåóÇ ßóáöãóÉõ ÔóåóÇÏóÉö ÇáúÅöÓúáóÇãö¡ ÚöäúÏó ÇáÊøöÑúãöÐöíøö Úóäú ÚóÈúÏö Çááøóåö Èúäö ÚóãúÑöæ Èúäö ÇáúÚóÇÕö¡ æóÍóÏöíËö
Þóæá ÇáäøÈíÁ Õóáøóì Çááåõ Úóáóíúåö æóÓóáøóãó áöÃóäóÓö Èúäö ãóÇáößò: «ÝóÇØúáõÈúäöí ÚöäúÏó ÇáúãöíÒóÇäö» ÎóÑøóÌóåõ ÇáÊøöÑúãöÐöíøõ
. æóÞóÏö ÇÎúÊóáóÝó ÇáÓøóáóÝõ Ýöí æõÌõæÏö ãóÎúáõæÞò íõÈóíøöäõ ãöÞúÏóÇÑó ÇáúÌóÒóÇÁö ãöäó ÇáúÚóãóáö íõÓóãøóì ÈöÇáúãöíÒóÇäö ÊõæÒóäõ Ýöíåö ÇáúÃóÚúãóÇáõ ÍóÞöíÞóÉð¡ ÝóÃóËúÈóÊó Ðóáößó ÇáúÌõãúåõæÑõ æóäóÝóÇåõ ÌóãóÇÚóÉñ ãöäúåõãõ ÇáÖøóÍøóÇßõ æóãõÌóÇåöÏñ æóÇáúÃóÚúãóÔõ¡ æóÞóÇáõæÇ: åõæó ÇáúÞóÖóÇÁõ ÇáÓøóæöíøõ¡ æóÞóÏú ÊóÈöÚó ÇÎúÊöáóÇÝóåõãú ÇáúãõÊóÃóÎøöÑõæäó ÝóÐóåóÈó ÌõãúåõæÑõ ÇáúÃóÔóÇÚöÑóÉö æóÈóÚúÖõ ÇáúãõÚúÊóÒöáóÉö Åöáóì ÊóÝúÓöíÑö ÇáúÌõãúåõæÑö¡ æóÐóåóÈó ÈóÚúÖõ ÇáúÃóÔóÇÚöÑóÉö ÇáúãõÊóÃóÎøöÑöíäó æóÌõãúåõæÑõ ÇáúãõÚúÊóÒöáóÉö Åöáóì ãóÇ ÐóåóÈó Åöáóíúåö ãõÌóÇåöÏñ æóÇáÖøóÍøóÇßõ æóÇáúÃóÚúãóÔõ¡ æóÇáúÃóãúÑõ åóíøöäñ¡ æóÇáöÇÓúÊöÏúáóÇáõ áóíúÓó ÈöÈóíøöäò æóÇáúãóÞúÕõæÏõ ÇáúãóÚúäóì æóáóíúÓó ÇáúãóÞúÕõæÏõ ÂáóÊóåõ.
æóÇáúÅöÎúÈóÇÑõ Úóäö ÇáúæóÒúäö ÈöÞóæúáöåö: ÇáúÍóÞøõ Åöäú ßóÇäó ÇáúæóÒúäõ ãóÌóÇÒðÇ Úóäú ÊóÚúíöíäö ãóÞóÇÏöíÑö ÇáúÌóÒóÇÁö ÝóÇáúÍóÞøõ ÈöãóÚúäóì ÇáúÚóÏúáö¡ Ãóíö ÇáúÌóÒóÇÁõ ÚóÇÏá ÛíÑ ÌóÇÆöÒ¡ áöÃóäøóåõ ãöäú ÃóäúæóÇÚö ÇáúÞóÖóÇÁö æóÇáúÍößóãö¡ æóÅöäú ßóÇäó ÇáúæóÒúäõ ÊóãúËöíáðÇ ÈöåóíúÆóÉö ÇáúãöíÒóÇäö¡ ÝóÇáúÚóÏúáõ ÈöãóÚúäóì ÇáÓøóæöíøö¡ Ãóíú æóÇáúæóÒúäõ íóæúãóÆöÐò ãõÓóÇæò áöáúÃóÚúãóÇáö áóÇ íÑÌÍ æóáóÇ íÍÌÝ.
æóÚóáóì ÇáúæóÌúåóíúäö ÝóÇáúÅöÎúÈóÇÑõ Úóäúåõ ÈöÇáúãóÕúÏóÑö ãõÈóÇáóÛóÉñ Ýöí ßóæúäöåö ãõÍöÞøðÇ.
æóÊóÝóÑøóÚó Úóáóì ßóæúäöåö ÇáúÍóÞøó Þóæúáõåõ: Ýóãóäú ËóÞõáóÊú ãóæÇÒöíäõåõ ÝóÃõæáÆößó åõãõ ÇáúãõÝúáöÍõæäó¡ Ýóåõæó ÊóÝúÕöíáñ áöáúæóÒúäö ÈöÈóíóÇäö ÃóËóÑöåö Úóáóì ÞóÏúÑö ÇáúãóæúÒõæäö. æóãóÍóáøõ ÇáÊøóÝúÑöíÚö åõæó Þóæúáõåõ: ÝóÃõæáÆößó åõãõ ÇáúãõÝúáöÍõæäó æóÞóæúáõåõ: ÝóÃõæáÆößó ÇáøóÐöíäó ÎóÓöÑõæÇ ÃóäúÝõÓóåõãú ÅöÐú Ðóáößó(8-È/30)
ãõÝóÑøóÚñ Úóáóì Þóæúáöåö: Ýóãóäú ËóÞõáóÊú ãóæÇÒöíäõåõ æóÞóæáå: æóãóäú ÎóÝøóÊú ãóæÇÒöíäõåõ.
æóËöÞóáõ ÇáúãöíÒóÇäö Ýöí ÇáúãóÚúäóì ÇáúÍóÞöíÞöíøö ÑõÌúÍóÇäõ ÇáúãöíÒóÇäö ÈöÇáÔøóíúÁö ÇáúãóæúÒõæäö¡ æóåõæó åõäóÇ ãõÓúÊóÚóÇÑñ áöÇÚúÊöÈóÇÑö ÇáúÃóÚúãóÇáö ÇáÕøóÇáöÍóÉö ÛóÇáöÈóÉð æóæóÇÝöÑóÉð¡ Ãóíú ãóäú ËóÞõáóÊú ãóæóÇÒöíäõåõ ÇáÕøóÇáöÍóÇÊõ¡ æóÅöäøóãóÇ áóãú íóÐúßõÑú ãóÇ ËóÞõáóÊú Èöåö ÇáúãóæóÇÒöíäõ áöÃóäøóåõ ãóÚúáõæãñ ãöäö ÇÚúÊöÈóÇÑö ÇáúæóÒúäö¡ áöÃóäøó ãõÊóÚóÇÑóÝó ÇáäøóÇÓö Ãóäøóåõãú íóÒöäõæäó ÇáúÃóÔúíóÇÁó ÇáúãóÑúÛõæÈó Ýöí ÔöÑóÇÆöåóÇ ÇáúãõÊóäóÇÝóÓó Ýöí ÖóÈúØö ãóÞóÇÏöíÑöåóÇ æóÇáøóÊöí íóÊóÛóÇÈóäõ ÇáäøóÇÓõ ÝöíåóÇ.
æóÇáËøöÞóáõ ãóÚó Êöáúßó ÇáöÇÓúÊöÚóÇÑóÉö åõæó ÃóíúÖðÇ ÊóÑúÔöíÍñ áöÇÓúÊöÚóÇÑóÉö ÇáúæóÒúäö áöáúÌóÒóÇÁö¡ Ëõãøó ÇáúÎöÝøóÉõ ãõÓúÊóÚóÇÑóÉñ áöÚóÏóãö ÇáúÃóÚúãóÇáö ÇáÕøóÇáöÍóÉö ÃóÎúÐðÇ ÈöÛóÇíóÉö ÇáúÎöÝøóÉö Úóáóì æöÒóÇäò ÚóßúÓö ÇáËøöÞóáö¡ æóåöíó ÃóíúÖðÇ ÊóÑúÔöíÍñ ËóÇäò áöÇÓúÊöÚóÇÑóÉö ÇáúãöíÒóÇäö¡ æóÇáúãõÑóÇÏõ åõäóÇ ÇáúÎöÝøóÉõ ÇáÔøóÏöíÏóÉõ æóåöíó ÇäúÚöÏóÇãõ ÇáúÃóÚúãóÇáö ÇáÕøóÇáöÍóÉö áöÞóæúáöåö: ÈöãÇ ßÇäõæÇ ÈöÂíÇÊöäÇ íóÙúáöãõæäó. æóÇáúÝóáóÇÍõ ÍõÕõæáõ ÇáúÎóíúÑö æóÅöÏúÑóÇßõ ÇáúãóØúáõæÈö.
æóÇáÊøóÚúÑöíÝõ Ýöí ÇáúãõÝúáöÍõæäó áöáúÌöäúÓö Ãóæö ÇáúÚóåúÏö æóÞóÏú ÊÞÏøã Ýöí ÊóÞóÏøóãó Ýöí Þóæúáöåö ÊóÚóÇáóì: æóÃõæáÆößó åõãõ ÇáúãõÝúáöÍõæäó Ýöí ÓõæÑóÉ ÇáúÈóÞóÑóÉ [5] .
æóãóÇ ÕÏÞ (ãöäú) æóÇÍöÏñ áöÞóæúáöåö: ãóæÇÒöíäõåõ¡ æóÅöÐú ÞóÏú ßóÇäó åóÐóÇ ÇáúæóÇÍöÏõ ÛóíúÑó ãõÚóíøóäò¡ Èóáú åõæó ßõáøõ ãóäú ÊóÍóÞøóÞó Ýöíåö ãóÖúãõæäõ ÌõãúáóÉö ÇáÔøóÑúØö¡ Ýóåõæó ÚóÇãøñ ÕóÍøó ÇÚúÊöÈóÇÑõåõ ÌóãóÇÚóÉð Ýöí ÇáúÅöÔóÇÑóÉö æóÇáÖøóãöíÑóíúäö ãöäú Þóæúáöåö: ÝóÃõæáÆößó åõãõ ÇáúãõÝúáöÍõæäó.
æóÇáúÅöÊúíóÇäõ ÈöÇáúÅöÔóÇÑóÉö áöáÊøóäúÈöíåö Úóáóì Ãóäøóåõãú ÅöäøóãóÇ ÍóÕøóáõæÇ ÇáúÝóáóÇÍó áöÃóÌúáö ËöÞóáö ãóæóÇÒöíäöåöãú¡ æóÇÎúÊöíÑó ÇÓúãõ ÅöÔóÇÑóÉö ÇáúÈõÚúÏö ÊóäúÈöíåðÇ Úóáóì ÇáúÈõÚúÏö ÇáúãóÚúäóæöíøö ÇáöÇÚúÊöÈóÇÑöíøö.
æóÖóãöíÑõ ÇáúÝóÕúáö áöÞóÕúÏö ÇáöÇäúÍöÕóÇÑö Ãóíú åõãõ ÇáøóÐöíäó ÇäúÍóÕóÑó Ýöíåöãú ÊóÍóÞøõÞõ ÇáúãõÝúáöÍöíäó¡ Ãóíú Åöäú ÚóáöãúÊó ÌóãóÇÚóÉð ÊõÚúÑóÝõ ÈöÇáúãõÝúáöÍöíäó Ýóåõãú åõãú.
æóÇáúÎõÓúÑóÇäõ ÍóÞöíÞóÊõåõ ÖöÏøõ ÇáÑøöÈúÍö¡ æóåõæó ÚóÏóãõ ÊóÍúÕöíáö ÇáÊøóÇÌöÑö Úóáóì ãóÇ íóÓúÊóÝúÖöáõåõ ãöäú ÈóíúÚöåö¡ æóíõÓúÊóÚóÇÑõ áöÝõÞúÏóÇäö äóÝúÚö ãóÇ íõÑúÌóì ãöäúåõ ÇáäøóÝúÚõ¡ ÝóãóÚúäóì ÎóÓöÑõæÇ ÃóäúÝõÓóåõãú(8-È/31)
ÝóÞóÏõæÇ ÝóæóÇÆöÏóåóÇ¡ ÝóÅöäøó ßõáøó ÃóÍóÏò íóÑúÌõæ ãöäú ãóæóÇåöÈöåö¡ æóåöíó ãóÌúãõæÚõ äóÝúÓöåö¡ Ãóäú ÊóÌúáöÈó áóåõ ÇáäøóÝúÚó æóÊóÏúÝóÚó Úóäúåõ ÇáÖøõÑøó: ÈöÇáÑøóÃúíö ÇáÓøóÏöíÏö¡ æóÇÈúÊößóÇÑö ÇáúÚóãóáö ÇáúãõÝöíÏö¡ æóäõÝõæÓõ ÇáúãõÔúÑößöíäó ÞóÏú ÓóæøóáóÊú áóåõãú ÃóÚúãóÇáðÇ ßóÇäóÊú ÓóÈóÈó ÎöÝøóÉö ãóæóÇÒöíäö ÃóÚúãóÇáöåöãú¡ Ãóíú ÓóÈóÈó ÝóÞúÏö ÇáúÃóÚúãóÇáö ÇáÕøóÇáöÍóÉö ãöäúåõãú¡ ÝóßóÇäóÊú äõÝõæÓõåõãú ßóÑóÃúÓö ãóÇáö ÇáÊøóÇÌöÑö ÇáøóÐöí ÑóÌóÇ ãöäúåõ ÒöíóÇÏóÉó ÇáÑøöÒúÞö ÝóÃóÖóÇÚóåõ ßõáøóåõ Ýóåõæó ÎóÇÓöÑñ áóåõ¡ ÝóßóÐóáößó åóÄõáóÇÁö ÎóÓöÑõæÇ ÃóäúÝõÓóåõãú ÅöÐú ÃóæúÞóÚóÊúåõãú Ýöí ÇáúÚóÐóÇÈö ÇáúãõÞöíãö¡ æóÇäúÙõÑú ãóÇ ÊóÞóÏøóãó Ýöí Þóæúáöåö ÊóÚóÇáóì: ÇáøóÐöíäó ÎóÓöÑõæÇ ÃóäúÝõÓóåõãú Ýóåõãú áóÇ íõÄúãöäõæäó Ýöí ÓõæÑóÉö ÇáúÃóäúÚóÇãö [20] . æóÞóæúáöåö ÊóÚóÇáóì: ÝóãÇ ÑóÈöÍóÊú ÊöÌÇÑóÊõåõãú Ýöí ÓõæÑóÉö ÇáúÈóÞóÑóÉö [16] .
æóÇáúÈóÇÁõ Ýöí Þóæúáöåö: ÈöãÇ ßÇäõæÇ ÈóÇÁõ ÇáÓøóÈóÈöíøóÉö¡ æóãóÇ ãóÕúÏóÑöíøóÉñ Ãóíú Èößóæúäöåöãú ÙóáóãõæÇ ÈöÂíóÇÊöäóÇ Ýöí ÇáÏøõäúíóÇ¡ ÝóÕöíÛóÉõ ÇáúãõÖóÇÑöÚö Ýöí Þóæúáöåö: íóÙúáöãõæäó áöÍößóÇíóÉö ÍóÇáöåöãú Ýöí ÊóÌóÏøõÏö ÇáÙøõáúãö ÝöíãóÇ ãóÖóì ßóÞóæúáöåö ÊóÚóÇáóì: æóÇááøóåõ ÇáøóÐöí ÃóÑúÓóáó ÇáÑøöíÇÍó ÝóÊõËöíÑõ ÓóÍÇÈÇð ÝóÓõÞúäÇåõ [ÝÇØÑ: 9] .
æóÇáÙøõáúãõ- åõäóÇ- ÖöÏøõ ÇáúÚóÏúáö: Ãóíú íóÙúáöãõæäó ÇáúÂíóÇÊö ÝóáóÇ íõäúÕöÝõæäóåóÇ ÍóÞøóåóÇ ãöäó ÇáÕøöÏúÞö.
æóÖõãøöäó íóÙúáöãõæäó ãóÚúäóì íõßóÐøöÈõæäó¡ ÝóáöÐóáößó ÚõÏøöíó ÈöÇáúÈóÇÁö¡ ÝóßóÃóäøóåõ Þöíáó: ÈöãóÇ ßóÇäõæÇ íóÙúáöãõæäó ÝóíõßóÐøöÈõæäó ÈöÂíóÇÊöäóÇ Úóáóì ÍóÏøö Þóæúáöåö ÊóÚóÇáóì: æóÌóÍóÏõæÇ ÈöåÇ æóÇÓúÊóíúÞóäóÊúåÇ ÃóäúÝõÓõåõãú ÙõáúãÇð æóÚõáõæøðÇ [Çáäøóãúá:
14] .
æóÅöäøóãóÇ ÌõÚöáó ÊóßúÐöíÈõåõãú ÙõáúãðÇ áöÃóäøóåõ ÊóßúÐöíÈõ ãóÇ ÞóÇãóÊö ÇáúÃóÏöáøóÉõ Úóáóì ÕöÏúÞöåö ÝóÊóßúÐöíÈõåõ Ùõáúãñ áöáúÃóÏöáøóÉö
ÈöÏóÍúÖöåóÇ æóÚóÏóãö ÅöÚúãóÇáöåóÇ.
æóÊóÞúÏöíãõ ÇáúãóÌúÑõæÑö Ýöí Þóæúáöåö: ÈöÂíÇÊöäÇ Úóáóì ÚóÇãöáöåö¡ æóåõæó íóÙúáöãõæäó¡ áöáöÇåúÊöãóÇãö ÈöÇáúÂíóÇÊö. æóÞóÏú ÐóßóÑóÊö ÇáúÂíóÉõ ÍóÇáó ÇáúãõÄúãöäöíäó ÇáÕøóÇáöÍöíäó æóÍóÇáó ÇáúãõßóÐøöÈöíäó ÇáúãõÔúÑößöíäó ÅöÐú ßóÇäó ÇáäøóÇÓõ íóæúãó äõÒõæáö ÇáúÂíóÉö ÝóÑöíÞóíúäö: ÝóÑöíÞõ ÇáúãõÄúãöäöíäó¡ æóåõãú ßõáøõåõãú ÚóÇãöáõæäó ÈöÇáÕøóÇáöÍóÇÊö¡ ãõÓúÊóßúËöÑõæäó ãöäúåóÇ¡ æóÝóÑöíÞõ ÇáúãõÔúÑößöíäó æóåõãú ÃóÎúáöíóÇÁõ ãöäó ÇáÕøóÇáöÍóÇÊö¡ æóÈóÞöíó Èóíúäó Ðóáößó ÝóÑöíÞñ ãöäó ÇáúãõÄúãöäöíäó ÇáøóÐöíäó íóÎúáöØõæäó(8-È/32)
æóáóÞóÏú ãóßøóäøóÇßõãú Ýöí ÇáúÃóÑúÖö æóÌóÚóáúäóÇ áóßõãú ÝöíåóÇ ãóÚóÇíöÔó ÞóáöíáðÇ ãóÇ ÊóÔúßõÑõæäó (10)
ÚóãóáðÇ ÕóÇáöÍðÇ æóÂÎóÑó ÓóíøöÆðÇ æóÐóáößó áóãú ÊóÊóÚóÑøóÖú áóåõ åóÐöåö ÇáúÂíóÉõ¡ ÅöÐú áóíúÓó ãöäú ÛóÑóÖö ÇáúãóÞóÇãö¡ æóÊóÚóÑøóÖóÊú áóåõ ÂíóÇÊ ÂÎÑí.
[10]
[ÓõæÑóÉ ÇáúÃóÚúÑóÇÝ (7) : ÂíóÉ 10]
æóáóÞóÏú ãóßøóäøóÇßõãú Ýöí ÇáúÃóÑúÖö æóÌóÚóáúäÇ áóßõãú ÝöíåÇ ãóÚÇíöÔó ÞóáöíáÇð ãóÇ ÊóÔúßõÑõæäó (10)
ÚóØúÝñ Úóáóì ÌõãúáóÉö: æóáÇ ÊóÊøóÈöÚõæÇ ãöäú Ïõæäöåö ÃóæúáöíÇÁó ÞóáöíáðÇ ãóÇ ÊóÐóßøóÑõæäó [ÇáúÃóÚúÑóÇÝ: 3] ÝóåóÐóÇ ÊóÐúßöíÑñ áóåõãú ÈöÃóäøó Çááøóåó åõæó æóáöíøõ ÇáúÎóáúÞö¡ áöÃóäøóåõ ÎóÇáöÞõåõãú Úóáóì æóÌúåö ÇáúÃóÑúÖö¡ æóÎóÇáöÞõ ãóÇ Èöåö ÚóíúÔõåõãõ ÇáøóÐöí Èöåö ÈóÞóÇÁõ æóÌõæÏöåöãú Åöáóì ÃóÌóáò ãóÚúáõæãò¡ æóÊóæúÈöíÎñ Úóáóì ÞöáøóÉö ÔõßúÑöåóÇ¡ ßóãóÇ Ïóáøó Úóáóíúåö ÊóÐúíöíáõ ÇáúÌõãúáóÉö ÈöÞóæúáöåö: ÞóáöíáðÇ ãóÇ ÊóÔúßõÑõæäó ÝóÅöäøó ÇáäøõÝõæÓó ÇáøóÊöí áóÇ íóÒúÌõÑõåóÇ ÇáÊøóåúÏöíÏõ ÞóÏú ÊóäúÝóÚõåóÇ ÇáÐøößúÑóíóÇÊõ ÇáÕøóÇáöÍóÉõ¡ æóÞóÏú ÞóÇáó ÃóÍóÏõ ÇáúÎóæóÇÑöÌö æóØõáöÈó ãöäúåõ Ãóäú íóÎúÑõÌó Åöáóì ÞöÊóÇáö ÇáúÍóÌøóÇÌö Èúäö íõæÓõÝó æóßóÇäó ÞóÏú ÃóÓúÏóì Åöáóíúåö äöÚóãðÇ:
ÃóÃõÞóÇÊöáõ ÇáúÍóÌøóÇÌó Úóäú ÓõáúØóÇäöåö ... ÈöíóÏò ÊõÞöÑøõ ÈóÃóäøóåóÇ ãóæúáóÇÊõåõ
æóÊóÃúßöíÏõ ÇáúÎóÈóÑö ÈöáóÇãö ÇáúÞóÓóãö æóÞóÏö¡ ÇáúãõÝöíÏö áöáÊøóÍúÞöíÞö¡ ÊóäúÒöíáñ áöáøóÐöíäó åõãõ ÇáúãóÞúÕõæÏõ ãöäó ÇáúÎöØóÇÈö ãóäúÒöáóÉó ãóäú íõäúßöÑõ ãóÖúãõæäó ÇáúÎóÈóÑö áöÃóäøóåõãú áóãøóÇ ÚóÈóÏõæÇ ÛóíúÑó Çááøóåö ßóÇäó ÍóÇáõåõãú ßóÍóÇáö ãóäú íõäúßöÑõ Ãóäøó Çááøóåó åõæó ÇáøóÐöí ãóßøóäóåõãú ãöäó ÇáúÃóÑúÖö¡ Ãóæú ßóÍóÇáö ãóäú íõäúßöÑõ æõÞõæÚó ÇáÊøóãúßöíäö ãöäú ÃóÕúáöåö.
æóÇáÊøóãúßöíäõ ÌóÚúáõ ÇáÔøóíúÁö Ýöí ãóßóÇäò¡ æóåõæó íõØúáóÞõ Úóáóì ÇáúÅöÞúÏóÇÑö Úóáóì ÇáÊøóÕóÑøõÝö¡ Úóáóì ÓóÈöíáö ÇáúßöäóÇíóÉö¡ æóÞóÏú ÊóÞóÏøóãó Ðóáößó ÚöäúÏó Þóæúáöåö ÊóÚóÇáóì: ãóßøóäøóÇåõãú Ýöí ÇáúÃóÑúÖö ãóÇ áóãú äõãóßøöäú áóßõãú Ýöí ÓõæÑóÉö ÇáúÃóäúÚóÇãö [6] æóåõæó ãõÓúÊóÚúãóáñ åõäóÇ Ýöí ãóÚúäóÇåõ ÇáúßöäóÇÆöíøö áóÇ ÇáÕøóÑöíÍö¡ Ãóíú ÌóÚóáúäóÇ áóßõãú ÞõÏúÑóÉð¡ Ãóíú ÃóÞúÏóÑúäóÇßõãú Úóáóì ÃõãõæÑö ÇáúÃóÑúÖö æóÎóæøóáúäóÇßõãõ ÇáÊøóÕóÑøõÝó Ýöí ãóÎúáõæÞóÇÊöåóÇ¡ æóÐóáößó ÈöãóÇ ÃóæúÏóÚó Çááøóåõ Ýöí ÇáúÈóÔóÑö ãöäú ÞõæøóÉö ÇáúÚóÞúáö æóÇáÊøóÝúßöíÑööö(8-È/33)
ÇáøóÊöí ÃóåøóáóÊúåõ áöÓöíóÇÏóÉö åóÐóÇ ÇáúÚóÇáóãö æóÇáÊøóÛóáøõÈö Úóáóì ãóÕóÇÚöÈöåö¡ æóáóíúÓó ÇáúãõÑóÇÏõ ãöäó ÇáÊøóãúßöíäö åõäóÇ ÇáúÞõæøóÉó æóÇáúÍõßúãó ßóÇáúãõÑóÇÏö Ýöí Þóæúáöåö ÊóÚóÇáóì: ÅöäøóÇ ãóßøóäøóÇ áóåõ Ýöí ÇáúÃóÑúÖö [ÇáúßóåúÝ: 84] áöÃóäøó Ðóáößó áóíúÓó ÍóÇÕöáðÇ ÈöÌóãöíÚö ÇáúÈóÔóÑö ÅöáøóÇ Úóáóì ÊóÃúæöíáò¡ æóáóíúÓó ÇáúãõÑóÇÏõ ÈöÇáÊøóãúßöíäö ÃóíúÖðÇ ãóÚúäóÇåõ ÇáúÍóÞöíÞöíøó æóåõæó ÌóÚúáõ ÇáúãóßóÇäö Ýöí ÇáúÃóÑúÖö áöÃóäøó Þóæúáóåõ: Ýöí ÇáúÃóÑúÖö íóãúäóÚõ ãöäú
Ðóáößó¡ áöÃóäøóåõ áóæú ßóÇäó ßóÐóáößó áóÞóÇáó æóáóÞóÏú ãóßøóäøóÇßõãõ ÇáúÃóÑúÖó¡ æóÞóÏú ÞóÇáó ÊóÚóÇáóì Úóäú ÚóÇÏò: æóáóÞóÏú ãóßøóäøóÇåõãú ÝöíãÇ Åöäú ãóßøóäøóÇßõãú Ýöíåö [ÇáúÃóÍúÞóÇÝ: 26] Ãóíú ÌÚáäóÇ ãóÇ ÃÞÑÑäÇåã Úóáóíúåö ÃóÚúÙóãó ãöãøóÇ ÃóÞúÏóÑúäóÇßõãú Úóáóíúåö¡ Ãóíú Ýöí ÂËóÇÑöåöãú Ýöí ÇáúÃóÑúÖö ÃóãøóÇ ÃóÕúáõ ÇáúÞóÑóÇÑö Ýöí ÇáúÃóÑúÖö Ýóåõæó ÕöÑóÇØñ ÈóíúäóåõãóÇ.
æóãóÚóÇíöÔõ ÌóãúÚõ ãóÚöíÔóÉò¡ æóåöíó ãóÇ íóÚöíÔõ Èöåö ÇáúÍóíøõ ãöäó ÇáØøóÚóÇãö æóÇáÔøóÑóÇÈö¡ ãõÔúÊóÞøóÉñ ãöäó ÇáúÚóíúÔö æóåõæó ÇáúÍóíóÇÉõ¡ æóÃóÕúáõ ÇáúãóÚöíÔóÉö ÇÓúãõ ãóÕúÏóÑö ÚóÇÔó ÞóÇáó ÊóÚóÇáóì: ÝóÅöäøó áóåõ ãóÚöíÔóÉð ÖóäúßÇð [Øå: 124] Óõãøöíó Èöåö ÇáÔøóíúÁõ ÇáøóÐöí íóÍúÕõáõ Èöåö ÇáúÚóíúÔõ¡ ÊóÓúãöíóÉð áöáÔøóíúÁö ÈöÇÓúãö ÓóÈóÈöåö Úóáóì ØóÑöíÞóÉö ÇáúãóÌóÇÒö ÇáøóÐöí ÛóáóÈó ÍóÊøóì ÕóÇÑó ãõÓóÇæöíðÇ áöáúÍóÞöíÞóÉö.
æóíóÇÁõ (ãóÚóÇíöÔó) ÃóÕúáñ Ýöí ÇáúßóáöãóÉö áöÃóäøóåóÇ Úóíúäõ ÇáúßóáöãóÉö ãöäó ÇáúãóÕúÏóÑö (ÚóíúÔò) ÝóæóÒúäõ ãóÚöíÔóÉò ãóÝúÚöáóÉñ æóãóÚóÇíöÔó ãóÝóÇÚöáõ¡ ÝóÍóÞøõåóÇ Ãóäú íõäúØóÞó ÈöåóÇ Ýöí ÇáúÌóãúÚö íóÇÁð æóÃóäú áóÇ ÊõÞúáóÈó åóãúÒóÉð. áöÃóäøó ÇÓúÊöÚúãóÇáó ÇáúÚóÑóÈö Ýöí ÍóÑúÝö ÇáúãóÏøö ÇáøóÐöí Ýöí ÇáúãõÝúÑóÏö Ãóäøóåõãú ÅöÐóÇ ÌóãóÚõæåõ ÌóãúÚðÇ ÈöÃóáöÝò ÒóÇÆöÏóÉò ÑóÏøõæåõ Åöáóì ÃóÕúáöåö æóÇæðÇ Ãóæú íóÇÁð ÈóÚúÏó ÃóáöÝö ÇáúÌóãúÚö¡ ãöËúáó: ãóÝóÇÒóÉò æóãóÝóÇæöÒó¡ ÝöíãóÇ ÃóÕúáõåõ æóÇæñ ãöäó ÇáúÝóæúÒö æóãóÚöíÈóÉò æóãóÚóÇíöÈó ÝöíãóÇ ÃóÕúáõåõ ÇáúíóÇÁõ¡ ÝóÅöÐóÇ ßóÇäó ÍóÑúÝõ ÇáúãóÏøö Ýöí ÇáúãõÝúÑöÏö ÛóíúÑó ÃóÕúáöíøò ÝóÅöäøóåõãú ÅöÐóÇ ÌóãóÚõæåõ ÌóãúÚðÇ ÈöÃóáöÝò ÒóÇÆöÏóÉò ÞóáóÈõæÇ ÍóÑúÝó ÇáúãóÏøö åóãúÒóÉð äóÍúæó ÞöáóÇÏóÉò æóÞóáóÇÆöÏó¡ æóÚóÌõæÒò æóÚóÌóÇÆöÒó¡ æóÕóÍöíÝóÉò æóÕóÍóÇÆöÝó¡ æóåóÐóÇ ÇáöÇÓúÊöÚúãóÇáõ ãöäú áóØóÇÆöÝö ÇáÊøóÝúÑöÞóÉö Èóíúäó ÍóÑúÝö ÇáúãóÏøö ÇáúÃóÕúáöíøö æóÇáúãóÏøö ÇáÒøóÇÆöÏö æóÇÊøóÝóÞó ÇáúÞõÑøóÇÁõ Úóáóì ÞöÑóÇÁóÊöåö ÈöÇáúíóÇÁö¡ æóÑóæóì ÎóÇÑöÌóÉõ Èúäõ ãõÕúÚóÈò¡ æóÍõãóíúÏõ Èúäõ ÚõãóíúÑò¡ Úóäú äóÇÝöÚò Ãóäøóåõ ÞóÑóÃó: ãóÚóÇÆöÔó ÈöåóãúÒò ÈóÚúÏó ÇáúÃóáöÝö¡ æóåöíó ÑöæóÇíóÉñ ÔóÇÐøóÉñ Úóäúåõ áóÇ íÚÈà ÈåóÇ¡ æÞÑìÁ Ýöí ÇáÔÇÐ: ÈöÇáúåóãúÒ¡ ÑóæóÇåõ Úóäö ÇáúÃóÚúÑóÌö¡ æóÝöí «ÇáúßóÔøóÇÝö» äöÓúÈóÉõ åóÐöåö ÇáúÞöÑóÇÁóÉö Åöáóì ÇÈúäö ÚóÇãöÑò æóåõæó Óóåúæñ ãöäó ÇáÒøóãóÎúÔóÑöíøö.(8-È/34)
æóáóÞóÏú ÎóáóÞúäóÇßõãú Ëõãøó ÕóæøóÑúäóÇßõãú Ëõãøó ÞõáúäóÇ áöáúãóáóÇÆößóÉö ÇÓúÌõÏõæÇ áöÂÏóãó ÝóÓóÌóÏõæÇ ÅöáøóÇ ÅöÈúáöíÓó áóãú íóßõäú ãöäó ÇáÓøóÇÌöÏöíäó (11) ÞóÇáó ãóÇ ãóäóÚóßó ÃóáøóÇ ÊóÓúÌõÏó ÅöÐú ÃóãóÑúÊõßó ÞóÇáó ÃóäóÇ ÎóíúÑñ ãöäúåõ ÎóáóÞúÊóäöí ãöäú äóÇÑò æóÎóáóÞúÊóåõ ãöäú Øöíäò (12) ÞóÇáó ÝóÇåúÈöØú ãöäúåóÇ ÝóãóÇ íóßõæäõ áóßó Ãóäú ÊóÊóßóÈøóÑó ÝöíåóÇ ÝóÇÎúÑõÌú Åöäøóßó ãöäó ÇáÕøóÇÛöÑöíäó (13)
æóÞóæúáõåõ: ÞóáöíáðÇ ãóÇ ÊóÔúßõÑõæäó åõæó ßóÞóæúáöåö Ýöí Ãóæøóáö ÇáÓøõæÑóÉö ÞóáöíáðÇ ãóÇ ÊóÐóßøóÑõæäó [ÇáúÃóÚúÑóÇÝ:
3] æóäóÙóÇÆöÑöåö.
æóÇáúÎöØóÇÈõ áöáúãõÔúÑößöíäó ÎóÇÕøóÉð¡ áöÃóäøóåõãõ ÇáøóÐöíäó Þóáøó ÔõßúÑõåõãú ááå ÊóÚóÇáóì ÅöÐÇ ÇÊøóÎóÐõæÇ ãóÚóåõ ÂáöåóÉð.
æóæóÕúÝñ Þóáöíáñ íõÓúÊóÚúãóáõ Ýöí ãóÚúäóì ÇáúãóÚúÏõæãö ßóãóÇ ÊóÞóÏøóãó ÂäöÝðÇ Ýöí Ãóæøóáö ÇáÓøõæÑóÉö¡ æóíóÌõæÒõ Ãóäú íóßõæäó Úóáóì ÍóÞöíÞóÊöåö Ãóíú Åöäøó ÔõßúÑóßõãõ Çááøóåó Þóáöíáñ. áöÃóäøóåõãú áóãøóÇ ÚóÑóÝõæÇ Ãóäøóåõ ÑóÈøõåõãú ÝóÞóÏú ÔóßóÑõæåõ¡ æóáóßöäøó ÃóßúËóÑó ÃóÍúæóÇáöåöãú åõæó ÇáúÅöÚúÑóÇÖõ Úóäú ÔõßúÑöåö æóÇáúÅöÞúÈóÇáõ Úóáóì ÚöÈóÇÏóÉö ÇáúÃóÕúäóÇãö æóãóÇ íóÊúÈóÚõåóÇ¡ æóíóÌõæÒõ Ãóäú Êóßõæäó ÇáúÞöáøóÉõ ßöäóÇíóÉð Úóäö ÇáúÚóÏóãö Úóáóì ØóÑöíÞóÉö ÇáúßóáóÇãö ÇáúãõÞúÊóÕóÏö ÇÓúÊöäúÒóÇáðÇ áöÊóÐóßøõÑöåöãú.
æóÇäúÊõÕöÈó (ÞóáöíáðÇ) Úóáóì ÇáúÍóÇáö ãöäú ÖóãöíÑö ÇáúãõÎóÇØóÈöíäó æó (ãóÇ) ãóÕúÏóÑöíøóÉñ¡ æóÇáúãóÕúÏóÑõ ÇáúãõÄóæøóáõ
Ýöí ãÍáø ÇáúÝóÇÚöá ÈÞáíáÇ Ýóåöíó ÍóÇáñ ÓóÈóÈöíøóÉñ.
æóÝöí ÇáÊøóÚúÞöíÈö ÈöåóÐöåö ÇáúÂíóÉö áöÂíóÉö: æóßóãú ãöäú ÞóÑúíóÉò ÃóåúáóßúäÇåÇ [ÇáúÃóÚúÑóÇÝ: 4] ÅöíãóÇÁñ Åöáóì Ãóäøó ÅöåúãóÇáó ÔõßúÑö ÇáäøöÚúãóÉö íõÚóÑøöÖõ ÕóÇÍöÈóåóÇ áöÒóæóÇáöåóÇ¡ æóåõæó ãóÇ Ïóáøó Úóáóíúåö Þóæúáå: ÃóåúáóßúäÇåÇ.
[11- 13]
[ÓõæÑóÉ ÇáúÃóÚúÑóÇÝ (7) : ÇáúÂíóÇÊ 11 Åöáóì 13]
æóáóÞóÏú ÎóáóÞúäÇßõãú Ëõãøó ÕóæøóÑúäÇßõãú Ëõãøó ÞõáúäÇ áöáúãóáÇÆößóÉö ÇÓúÌõÏõæÇ áöÂÏóãó ÝóÓóÌóÏõæÇ ÅöáÇøó ÅöÈúáöíÓó áóãú íóßõäú ãöäó ÇáÓøóÇÌöÏöíäó (11) ÞÇáó ãóÇ ãóäóÚóßó ÃóáÇøó ÊóÓúÌõÏó ÅöÐú ÃóãóÑúÊõßó ÞÇáó ÃóäóÇ ÎóíúÑñ ãöäúåõ ÎóáóÞúÊóäöí ãöäú äÇÑò æóÎóáóÞúÊóåõ ãöäú Øöíäò (12) ÞÇáó ÝóÇåúÈöØú ãöäúåÇ ÝóãÇ íóßõæäõ áóßó Ãóäú ÊóÊóßóÈøóÑó ÝöíåÇ ÝóÇÎúÑõÌú Åöäøóßó ãöäó ÇáÕøóÇÛöÑöíäó (13)
ÚóØúÝñ Úóáóì ÌõãúáóÉö: æóáóÞóÏú ãóßøóäøóÇßõãú Ýöí ÇáúÃóÑúÖö [ÇáúÃóÚúÑóÇÝ: 10] ÊóÐúßöíÑðÇ ÈöäöÚúãóÉö ÅöíÌóÇÏö ÇáäøóæúÚö¡ æóåöíó äöÚúãóÉõ ÚöäóÇíóÉò¡ áöÃóäøó ÇáúæõÌõæÏó ÃóÔúÑóÝõ ãöäó ÇáúÚóÏóãö¡ ÈöÞóØúÚö ÇáäøóÙóÑö ÚóãøóÇ ÞóÏú(8-È/35)
íóÚúÑöÖõ áöáúãóæúÌõæÏö ãöäó ÇáúÃóßúÏóÇÑö æóÇáúãóÊóÇÚöÈö¡ æóÈöäöÚúãóÉö ÊóÝúÖöíáöåö Úóáóì ÇáäøóæúÚö ÈöÃóäú ÃóãóÑó ÇáúãóáóÇÆößóÉó ÈöÇáÓøõÌõæÏö áöÃóÕöáöåö¡ æóÃõÏúãöÌó Ýöí åóÐóÇ ÇáöÇãúÊöäóÇäö ÊóäúÈöíåñ æóÅöíÞóÇÙñ Åöáóì ÚóÏóÇæóÉö ÇáÔøóíúØóÇäö áöäóæúÚö ÇáúÅöäúÓóÇäö ãöäó ÇáúÞöÏóãö¡ áöíóßõæäó Ðóáößó ÊóãúåöíÏðÇ áöáÊøóÍúÐöíÑö ãöäú æóÓúæóÓóÊöåö æóÊóÖúáöíáöåö¡ æóÅöÛúÑóÇÁð ÈöÇáúÅöÞúáóÇÚö ÚóãøóÇ ÃóæúÞóÚó Ýöíåö ÇáäøóÇÓó ãöäó ÇáÔøöÑúßö æóÇáÖøóáóÇáóÉö¡ æóåõæó ÛóÑóÖõ ÇáÓøõæÑóÉö¡ æóÐóáößó ÚöäúÏó Þóæúáöåö ÊóÚóÇáóì: íóÇ Èóäöí ÂÏóãó áóÇ íóÝúÊöäóäøóßõãõ ÇáÔøóíúØÇäõ ßóãÇ ÃóÎúÑóÌó ÃóÈóæóíúßõãú ãöäó ÇáúÌóäøóÉö [ÇáúÃóÚúÑóÇÝ: 27] æóãóÇ ÊóáóÇåõ ãöäó ÇáúÂíóÇÊö¡ ÝóáöÐóáößó ßóÇäó åóÐóÇ ÈöãóäúÒöáóÉö ÇáöÇÓúÊöÏúáóÇáö æõÓøöØó Ýöí ÎöáóÇáö ÇáúãóæúÚöÙóÉö.
æóÇáúÎöØóÇÈõ áöáäøóÇÓö ßõáøöåöãú¡ æóÇáúãóÞúÕõæÏõ ãöäúåõ ÇáúãõÔúÑößõæäó¡ áöÃóäøóåõãõ ÇáúÛóÑóÖõ Ýöí åóÐöåö ÇáÓøõæÑóÉö.
æóÊóÃúßöíÏõ ÇáúÎóÈóÑö ÈöÇááøóÇãö æó (ÞóÏú) áöáúæóÌúåö ÇáøóÐöí ÊóÞóÏøóãó Ýöí Þóæúáöåö: æóáóÞóÏú ÎóáóÞúäÇßõãú¡ æóÊóÚúÏöíóÉõ ÝöÚúáóíö ÇáúÎóáúÞö æóÇáÊøóÕúæöíÑö Åöáóì ÖóãöíÑö ÇáúãõÎóÇØóÈöíäó¡ áöãóÇ ßóÇäó Úóáóì ãóÚúäóì ÎóáúÞö ÇáäøóæúÚö ÇáøóÐöí åõãú ãöäú ÃóÝúÑóÇÏò ÊóÚóíøóäó Ãóäú íóßõæäó ÇáúãóÚúäóì: ÎóáóÞúäóÇ ÃóÕúáóßõãú Ëõãøó ÕóæøóÑúäóÇåõ¡ æóåõæó ÂÏóãõ¡ ßóãóÇ ÃóÝúÕóÍó Úóäúåõ Þóæúáõåõ:
Ëõãøó ÞõáúäÇ áöáúãóáÇÆößóÉö ÇÓúÌõÏõæÇ áöÂÏóãó.
æóÇáúÎóáúÞõ ÇáúÅöíÌóÇÏõ æóÅöÈúÑóÇÒõ ÇáÔøóíúÁö Åöáóì ÇáúæõÌõæÏö¡ æóåóÐóÇ ÇáúÅöØúáóÇÞõ åõæó ÇáúãõÑóÇÏõ ãöäúåõ ÚöäúÏó ÅöÓúäóÇÏöåö Åöáóì Çááøóåö ÊóÚóÇáóì Ãóæú æóÕúÝö Çááøóåö Èöåö.
æóÇáÊøóÕúæöíÑõ ÌóÚúáõ ÇáÔøóíúÁö ÕõæÑóÉð¡ æóÇáÕøõæÑóÉõ ÇáÔøóßúáõ ÇáøóÐöí íõÔóßøóáõ Èöåö ÇáúÌöÓúãõ ßóãóÇ íõÔóßøóáõ ÇáØøöíäõ ÈöÕõæÑóÉö äóæúÚò ãöäó ÇáúÃóäúæóÇÚö.
æóÚõØöÝóÊú ÌõãúáóÉõ ÕóæøóÑúäÇßõãú ÈöÍóÑúÝö (Ëõãøó) ÇáÏøóÇáøóÉö Úóáóì ÊóÑóÇÎöí ÑõÊúÈóÉö ÇáÊøóÕúæöíÑö Úóäú ÑõÊúÈóÉö
ÇáúÎóáúÞö¡ áöÃóäøó ÇáÊøóÕúæöíÑó ÍóÇáóÉõ ßóãóÇáò Ýöí ÇáúÎóáúÞö ÈöÃóäú ßóÇäó ÇáúÅöäúÓóÇäõ Úóáóì ÇáÕøõæÑóÉö ÇáúÅöäúÓóÇäöíøóÉö ÇáúãõÊúÞóäóÉö ÍõÓúäðÇ æóÔóÑóÝðÇ¡ ÈöãóÇ ÝöíåóÇ ãöäú ãóÔóÇÚöÑö ÇáúÅöÏúÑóÇßö æóÇáÊøóÏúÈöíÑö¡ ÓóæóÇÁñ ßóÇäó ÇáÊøóÕúæöíÑõ ãõÞóÇÑöäðÇ áöáúÎóáúÞö ßóãóÇ Ýöí ÎóáúÞö ÂÏóãó¡ Ãóãú ßóÇäó ÈóÚúÏó ÇáúÎóáúÞö ÈöãõÏøóÉò¡ ßóãóÇ Ýöí ÊóÕúæöíÑö ÇáúÃóÌöäøóÉö ãöäú ÚöÙóÇãò æóáóÍúãò æóÚóÕóÈò æóÚõÑõæÞò æóãóÔóÇÚöÑó¡ ßóÞóæúáöåö ÊóÚóÇáóì: ÝóÎóáóÞúäóÇ ÇáúãõÖúÛóÉó ÚöÙÇãÇð ÝóßóÓóæúäóÇ ÇáúÚöÙÇãó áóÍúãÇð [ÇáúãõÄúãöäõæäó:
14] .(8-È/36)
æóÊóÚúÏöíóÉõ ÝöÚúáóíú (ÎóáóÞúäóÇ) æó (ÕóæøóÑúäóÇ) Åöáóì ÖóãöíÑö ÇáúÎöØóÇÈö íóäúÊóÙöãõ Ýöí Óöáúßö ãóÇ ÚóÇÏó Åöáóíúåö ÇáÖøóãöíÑõ ÞóÈúáóåõ Ýöí Þóæúáöåö: æóáóÞóÏú ãóßøóäøóÇßõãú Ýöí ÇáúÃóÑúÖö [ÇáúÃóÚúÑóÇÝ: 10] ÇáúÂíóÉó ÝóÇáúÎöØóÇÈõ áöáäøóÇÓö ßõáøöåöãú ÊóæúØöÆóÉñ áöÞóæúáöåö ÝöíãóÇ íóÃúÊöí: íóÇ Èóäöí ÂÏóãó áóÇ íóÝúÊöäóäøóßõãõ ÇáÔøóíúØÇäõ ßóãÇ ÃóÎúÑóÌó ÃóÈóæóíúßõãú ãöäó ÇáúÌóäøóÉö [ÇáúÃóÚúÑóÇÝ: 27] æóÇáúãóÞúÕõæÏõ ÈöÇáúÎõÕõæÕö ãöäúåõ ÇáúãõÔúÑößõæäó áöÃóäøóåõãõ ÇáøóÐöíäó Óóæøóáó áóåõãõ ÇáÔøóíúØóÇäõ ßõÝúÑóÇäó åóÐöåö ÇáäøöÚóãö áöÞóæúáöåö ÊóÚóÇáóì ÚóÞöÈó Ðóáößó: æóÅöÐÇ ÝóÚóáõæÇ ÝÇÍöÔóÉð ÞÇáõæÇ æóÌóÏúäÇ ÚóáóíúåÇ ÂÈÇÁóäÇ [ÇáúÃóÚúÑóÇÝ: 28] æóÞóæúáõåõ ÝöíãóÇ ÊóÞóÏøóãó: ÇÊøóÈöÚõæÇ ãóÇ ÃõäúÒöáó Åöáóíúßõãú ãöäú ÑóÈøößõãú æóáÇ ÊóÊøóÈöÚõæÇ ãöäú Ïõæäöåö ÃóæúáöíÇÁó ÞóáöíáðÇ ãóÇ ÊóÐóßøóÑõæäó [ÇáúÃóÚúÑóÇÝ: 3] .
æóÃóãøóÇ ÊóÚóáøõÞõ ÝöÚúáóíö ÇáúÎóáúÞö æóÇáÊøóÕúæöíÑö ÈöÖóãöíÑö ÇáúãõÎóÇØóÈöíäó ÝóãõÑóÇÏñ ãöäúåõ ÃóÕúáõ äóæúÚöåöãõ ÇáúÃóæøóáö æóåõæó ÂÏóãõ ÈöÞóÑöíäóÉö ÊóÚúÞöíÈöåö ÈöÞóæúáöåö: Ëõãøó ÞõáúäÇ áöáúãóáÇÆößóÉö ÇÓúÌõÏõæÇ áöÂÏóãó ÝóäõÒøöáó ÎóáúÞõ ÃóÕúáö äóæúÚöåöãú ãóäúÒöáóÉó ÎóáúÞö ÃóÝúÑóÇÏö ÇáäøóæúÚö ÇáøóÐöíäó ãöäúåõãõ ÇáúãõÎóÇØóÈõæäó áöÃóäøó ÇáúãóÞúÕõæÏó ÇáÊøóÐúßöíÑõ ÈöäöÚúãóÉö ÇáúÅöíÌóÇÏö áöíóÔúßõÑõæÇ ãõæÌöÏóåõãú æóäóÙöíÑõåõ Þóæúáõåõ ÊóÚóÇáóì: ÅöäøóÇ áóãøóÇ ØóÛóì ÇáúãÇÁõ ÍóãóáúäÇßõãú Ýöí ÇáúÌÇÑöíóÉö [ÇáÍÇÞÉ: 11] Ãóíú ÍóãóáúäóÇ ÃõÕõæáóßõãú æóåõãõ ÇáøóÐöíäó ßóÇäõæÇ ãóÚó äõæÍò æóÊóäóÇÓóáó ãöäúåõãõ ÇáäøóÇÓõ ÈóÚúÏó ÇáØøõæÝóÇäö¡ áöÃóäøó ÇáúãóÞúÕõæÏó ÇáöÇãúÊöäóÇäõ Úóáóì ÇáúãõÎóÇØóÈöíäó ÈöÅöäúÌóÇÁö ÃõÕõæáöåöãõ ÇáøóÐöíäó ÊóäóÇÓóáõæÇ ãöäúåõãú¡ æóíÌæÒ Ãóä íÄæá ÝöÚúáóÇ ÇáúÎóáúÞö æóÇáÊøóÕúæöíÑö ÈöãóÚúäóì ÅöÑóÇÏóÉö ÍõÕõæáö Ðóáößó¡ ßóÞóæúáöåö ÊóÚóÇáóì: ÍößóÇíóÉð Úóäú ßóáóÇãö ÇáúãóáóÇÆößóÉö ãóÚó ÅöÈúÑóÇåöíãó:
ÝóÃóÎúÑóÌúäÇ ãóäú ßÇäó ÝöíåÇ ãöäó ÇáúãõÄúãöäöíäó [ÇáÐÇÑíÇÊ: 35] Ãóíú ÃóÑóÏúäóÇ ÅöÎúÑóÇÌó ãóäú ßóÇäó ÝöíåóÇ¡ ÝóÅöäøó åóÐóÇ ÇáúßóáóÇãó æóÞóÚó ÞóÈúáó ÃóãúÑö áõæØò æóãóäú Âãóäó Èöåö ÈöÇáúÎõÑõæÌö ãöäó ÇáúÞóÑúíóÉö.
æóÏóáøó Þóæúáõåõ: Ëõãøó ÞõáúäÇ áöáúãóáÇÆößóÉö ÇÓúÌõÏõæÇ áöÂÏóãó Úóáóì Ãóäøó ÇáúãóÎúáõæÞó æóÇáúãõÕóæøóÑó åõæó ÂÏóãõ¡ æóãóÚúäóì ÇáúßóáóÇãö ÎóáóÞúäóÇ ÃóÕúáóßõãú æóÕóæøóÑúäóÇåõ ÝóÈóÑóÒó ãóæúÌõæÏðÇ ãõÚóíøóäðÇ ãõÓóãøðì ÈöÂÏóãó¡ ÝóÅöäøó ÇáÊøÓãíÉ ØóÑöíÞ áÊÚííä ÇáúãõÓóãøóì¡ Ëõãøó ÃóÙúåóÑúäóÇ ÝóÖúáóåõ æóÈóÏöíÚó ÕõäúÚöäóÇ Ýöíåö ÝóÞõáúäóÇ áöáúãóáóÇÆößóÉö ÇÓúÌõÏõæÇ áóåõ ÝóæóÞóÚó ÅöíÌóÇÒñ ÈóÏöíÚñ Ýöí äóÓúÌö ÇáúßóáóÇãö.
æó (Ëõãøó) Ýöí Þóæúáöåö: Ëõãøó ÞõáúäÇ áöáúãóáÇÆößóÉö ÇÓúÌõÏõæÇ áöÂÏóãó ÚóÇØöÝóÉñ ÇáúÌõãúáóÉó(8-È/37)
Úóáóì ÇáúÌõãúáóÉö Ýóåöíó ãõÞóíøöÏóÉñ áöáÊøóÑóÇÎöí ÇáÑøõÊúÈöíøö áóÇ áöáÊøóÑóÇÎöí ÇáÒøóãóÇäöíøö æóÐóáößó Ãóäøó ãóÖúãõæäó ÇáúÌõãúáóÉö ÇáúãóÚúØõæÝóÉö åõäóÇ ÃóÑúÞóì ÑõÊúÈóÉð
ãöäú ãóÖúãõæäö ÇáúÌõãúáóÉö ÇáúãóÚúØõæÝö ÚóáóíúåóÇ.
æóÞóæúáõåõ: Ëõãøó ÞõáúäÇ áöáúãóáÇÆößóÉö ÇÓúÌõÏõæÇ áöÂÏóãó¡ ÊóÞóÏøóãó ÊóÝúÓöíÑõåõ¡ æóÈóíóÇäõ ãóÇ ÊóÞóÏøóãó ÃóãóÑó Çááøóåõ ÇáúãóáóÇÆößóÉó ÈöÇáÓøõÌõæÏö áöÂÏóãó¡ ãöäú ÙõåõæÑö ÝóÖúáö ãóÇ Úóáøóãóåõ Çááøóåõ ãöäó ÇáúÃóÓúãóÇÁö ãóÇ áóãú íõÚóáøöãúåõ ÇáúãóáóÇÆößóÉó¡ ÚöäúÏó Þóæúáöåö ÊóÚóÇáóì: æóÅöÐú ÞõáúäÇ áöáúãóáÇÆößóÉö ÇÓúÌõÏõæÇ áöÂÏóãó ÝóÓóÌóÏõæÇ ÅöáøóÇ ÅöÈúáöíÓó Ýöí ÓõæÑóÉö ÇáúÈóÞóÑóÉ [34] .
æÊÚÑíÝ áöáúãóáÇÆößóÉö áöáúÌöäúÓö ÝóáóÇ íóáúÒóãõ Ãóäú íóßõæäó ÇáúÃóãúÑõ ÚóÇãøðÇ áöÌóãöíÚö ÇáúãóáóÇÆößóÉö¡ Èóáú íóÌõæÒõ Ãóäú íóßõæäó ÇáúãóÃúãõæÑõæäó åõãõ ÇáúãóáóÇÆößóÉõ¡ ÇáøóÐöíäó ßóÇäõæÇ Ýöí ÇáúãóßóÇäö ÇáøóÐöí ÎõáöÞó Ýöíåö ÂÏóãõ¡ æóäõÞöáó Ðóáößó Úóäö ÇÈúäö ÚóÈøóÇÓò¡ æóíõÍúÊóãóáõ ÇáöÇÓúÊöÛúÑóÇÞõ áöÌóãöíÚö ÇáúãóáóÇÆößóÉö. æóØóÑöíÞõ ÃóãúÑöåöãú ÌóãöíÚðÇ æóÓõÌõæÏöåöãú ÌóãöíÚðÇ áöÂÏóãó áóÇ íóÚúáóãõåõ ÅöáøóÇ Çááøóåõ¡ áöÃóäøó ØõÑõÞó Úöáúãöåöãú ÈöãõÑóÇÏö Çááøóåö Úóäúåõãú Ýöí ÇáúÚóÇáóãö ÇáúÚõáúæöíøö áóÇ ÊõÞóÇÓõ Úóáóì ÇáúãóÃúáõæÝö Ýöí ÚóÇáóãö ÇáúÃóÑúÖö.
æóÇÚúáóãú Ãóäøó ÃóãúÑó Çááøóåö ÇáúãóáóÇÆößóÉó ÈöÇáÓøõÌõæÏö áöÂÏóãó áóÇ íóÞúÊóÖöí Ãóäú íóßõæäó ÂÏóãõ ÞóÏú ÎõáöÞó Ýöí ÇáúÚóÇáóãö ÇáøóÐöí Ýöíåö ÇáúãóáóÇÆößóÉõ Èóáú Ðóáößó ãõÍúÊóãóáñ¡ æóíõÍúÊóãóáõ Ãóäøó Çááøóåó áóãøóÇ ÎóáóÞó ÂÏóãó ÍóÔóÑó ÇáúãóáóÇÆößóÉó¡ æóÃóØúáóÚóåõãú Úóáóì åóÐóÇ ÇáúÎóáúÞö ÇáúÚóÌöíÈö¡ ÝóÅöäøó ÇáúãóáóÇÆößóÉó íóäúÊóÞöáõæäó ãöäú ãóßóÇäò Åöáóì ãóßóÇäò ÝóÇáúÂíóÉõ áóíúÓóÊú äóÕøðÇ Ýöí Ãóäøó ÂÏóãó ÎõáöÞó Ýöí ÇáÓøóãóÇæóÇÊö æóáóÇ Ãóäøóåõ Ýöí ÇáúÌóäøóÉö ÇáøóÊöí åöíó ÏóÇÑõ ÇáËøóæóÇÈö æóÇáúÚöÞóÇÈö¡ æóÅöäú ßóÇäó ÙóÇåöÑõåóÇ íóÞúÊóÖöí Ðóáößó¡ æóÈöåóÐóÇ ÇáÙøóÇåöÑö ÃóÎóÐó ÌõãúåõæÑõ Ãóåúáö ÇáÓøõäøóÉö¡ æóÊóÞóÏøóãó Ðóáößó Ýöí ÓõæÑóÉö ÇáúÈóÞóÑóÉö.
æóÇÓúÊöËúäóÇÁõ ÅöÈúáöíÓó ãöäó ÇáÓøóÇÌöÏöíäó Ýöí Þóæúáöåö: ÅöáøóÇ ÅöÈúáöíÓó íóÏõáøõ Úóáóì Ãóäøóåõ ßóÇäó Ýöí ÚöÏóÇÏö ÇáúãóáóÇÆößóÉö áöÃóäøóåõ ßóÇäó ãõÎúÊóáöØðÇ Èöåöãú. æóÞóÇáó ÇáÓøóßøóÇßöíøõ Ýöí «ÇáúãöÝúÊóÇÍö» ÚõÏøó ÅöÈúáöíÓõ ãöäó ÇáúãóáóÇÆößóÉö ÈöÍõßúãö ÇáÊøÛáíÈ.
æóÌõãúáóÉ: ÚÛÊÇŽÉ¡ áóãú íóßõäú ãöäó ÇáÓøóÇÌöÏöíäó ÍóÇáñ ãöäú (ÅöÈúáöíÓó) ¡ æóåöíó ÍóÇáñ ãõÄóßøöÏóÉñ áöãóÖúãõæäö ÚóÇãöáöåóÇ æóåõæó ãóÇ ÏáøÊ Úóáóíúåö ÃóÏóÇÉ ÇáöÇÓúÊöËúäóÇÁõ¡ áöãóÇ ÝöíåóÇ ãöäú ãóÚúäóì:(8-È/38)
ÃõÓúÊõËúäöíó¡ áöÃóäøó ÇáöÇÓúÊöËúäóÇÁó íóÞúÊóÖöí ËõÈõæÊó äóÞöíÖö Íõßúãö ÇáúãõÓúÊóËúäóì ãöäúåõ áöáúãõÓúÊóËúäóì¡ æóåõæó Úóíúäõ ãóÏúáõæáö: áóãú íóßõäú ãöäó ÇáÓøóÇÌöÏöíäó ÝóßóÇäóÊö ÇáúÍóÇáõ ÊóÃúßöíÏðÇ. æóÝöí ÇÎúÊöíóÇÑö ÇáúÅöÎúÈóÇÑö Úóäú äóÝúíö ÓõÌõæÏöåö ÈöÌóÚúáöåö ãöäú ÛóíúÑö ÇáÓøóÇÌöÏöíäó: ÅöÔóÇÑóÉñ Åöáóì Ãóäøóåõ ÇäúÊóÝóì Úóäúåõ ÇáÓøõÌõæÏõ ÇäúÊöÝóÇÁð ÔóÏöíÏðÇ áöÃóäøó Þóæúáóßó áóãú íóßõäú ÝõáóÇäñ ãöäó ÇáúãõåúÊóÏöíäó íõÝöíÏõ ãöäó ÇáäøóÝúíö ÃóÔóÏøó ãöãøóÇ íõÝöíÏõåõ Þóæúáõßõ áóãú íóßõäú ãõåúÊóÏöíðÇ ßóãóÇ Ýöí Þóæúáöåö ÊóÚóÇáóì: Þõáú áóÇ ÃóÊøóÈöÚõ ÃóåúæÇÁóßõãú ÞóÏú ÖóáóáúÊõ ÅöÐÇð æóãÇ ÃóäóÇ ãöäó ÇáúãõåúÊóÏöíäó Ýöí ÓõæÑóÉö ÇáúÃóäúÚóÇãö [56] .
ÝóÝöí ÇáúÂíóÉö ÅöÔóÇÑóÉñ Åöáóì Ãóäøó Çááøóåó ÊóÚóÇáóì ÎóáóÞó Ýöí äóÝúÓö ÅöÈúáöíÓó ÌöÈöáøóÉð ÊóÏúÝóÚõåõ Åöáóì ÇáúÚöÕúíóÇä ÚöäúÏ ãóÇ áóÇ íõæóÇÝöÞõ ÇáúÃóãúÑõ åóæóÇåõ¡ æóÌóÚóáó áóåõ åóæðì æóÑóÃúíðÇ¡ ÝóßóÇäóÊú ÌöÈöáøóÊõåõ ãõÎóÇáöÝóÉð áöÌöÈöáøóÉö ÇáúãóáóÇÆößóÉö.
æóÅöäøóãóÇ ÇÓúÊóãóÑøó Ýöí ÚöÏóÇÏö ÇáúãóáóÇÆößóÉö áöÃóäøóåõ áóãú íóÍúÏõËú ãöäó ÇáúÃóãúÑö ãóÇ íõÎóÇáöÝõ åóæóÇåõ¡ ÝóáóãøóÇ ÍóÏóËó ÇáúÃóãúÑõ ÈöÇáÓøõÌõæÏö ÙóåóÑó ÎõáõÞõ ÇáúÚöÕúíóÇäö ÇáúßóÇãöäõ Ýöíåö¡ ÝóßóÇäó Þóæúáõåõ ÊóÚóÇáóì: áóãú íóßõäú ãöäó ÇáÓøóÇÌöÏöíäó ÅöÔóÇÑóÉð Åöáóì Ãóäøóåõ áóãú íõÞóÏøöÑú áóåõ Ãóäú íóßõæäó ãöäó ÇáØøóÇÆöÝóÉö ÇáÓøóÇÌöÏöíäó¡ Ãóíö ÇäúÊóÝóì ÓõÌõæÏå ÇäúÊöÝóÇÁ áóÇ ÑóÌóÇÁ Ýöí ÍõÕõæáöåö ÈóÚúÏõ¡ æóÞóÏú Úõáöãó Ãóäøóåõ ÃóÈóì ÇáÓøõÌõæÏó ÅöÈóÇÁð æóÐóáößó ÊóãúåöíÏðÇ áöÍößóÇíóÉö ÇáÓøõÄóÇáö æóÇáúÌóæóÇÈö Ýöí Þóæúáöåö: ÞÇáó ãóÇ ãóäóÚóßó ÃóáøóÇ ÊóÓúÌõÏó ÅöÐú ÃóãóÑúÊõßó ÇÈúÊöÏóÇÁõ ÇáúãõÍóÇæóÑóÉö¡ áöÃóäøó ÊóÑúßó ÅöÈúáöíÓó ÇáÓøõÌõæÏó áöÂÏóãó ÈöãóäúÒöáóÉö ÌóæóÇÈò Úóäú Þóæúáö Çááøóåö: ÇÓúÌõÏõæÇ áöÂÏóãó¡ ÝóßóÇäó ÈöÍóíúËõ íóÊóæóÌøóåõ Åöáóíúåö ÇÓúÊöÝúÓóÇÑñ Úóäú ÓóÈóÈö ÊóÑúßöåö ÇáÓøõÌõæÏó¡ æóÖóãöíÑõ: ÞÇáó ÚóÇÆöÏñ Åöáóì ãóÚúáõæãò ãöäó ÇáúãóÞóÇãö Ãóíú ÞóÇáó Çááøóåõ ÊóÚóÇáóì ÈöÞóÑöíäóÉö Þóæúáöåö:
Ëõãøó ÞõáúäÇ áöáúãóáÇÆößóÉö ÇÓúÌõÏõæÇ¡ æóßóÇäó ãõÞúÊóÖóì ÇáÙøóÇåöÑö Ãóäú íõÞóÇáó: ÞõáúäóÇ¡ ÝóßóÇäó ÇáúÚõÏõæáõ Åöáóì ÖóãöíÑö ÇáúÛóÇÆöÈö ÇáúÊöÝóÇÊðÇ¡ äõßúÊóÊõåõ ÊóÍúæöíáõ ãóÞóÇãö ÇáúßóáóÇãö¡ ÅöÐú ßóÇäó ÇáúãóÞóÇãõ ãóÞóÇãó ÃóãúÑò áöáúãóáóÇÆößóÉö æóãóäú Ýöí ÒõãúÑóÊöåöãú ÝóÕóÇÑó ãóÞóÇãó ÊóæúÈöíÎò áöÅöÈúáöíÓó ÎóÇÕøóÉð.
æóãóÇ áöáöÇÓúÊöÝúåóÇãö¡ æóåõæó ÇÓúÊöÝúåóÇãñ ÙóÇåöÑõåõ ÍóÞöíÞöíøñ¡ æóãóÔõæÈñ ÈöÊóæúÈöíÎò¡ æóÇáúãóÞúÕõæÏõ ãöäó ÇáöÇÓúÊöÝúåóÇãö ÅöÙúåóÇÑõ ãóÞúÕöÏö ÅöÈúáöíÓó áöáúãóáóÇÆößóÉö.
æãóäóÚóßó ãóÚúäóÇåõ ÕóÏøóßó æóßóÝøóßó Úóäö ÇáÓøõÌõæÏö ÝóßóÇäó ãõÞúÊóÖóì ÇáÙøóÇåöÑö Ãóäú íõÞóÇáó:(8-È/39)
ãóÇ ãóäóÚóßó Ãóäú ÊóÓúÌõÏó áöÃóäøóåõ ÅöäøóãóÇ ßóÝøó Úóäö ÇáÓøõÌõæÏö áóÇ Úóäú äóÝúíö ÇáÓøõÌõæÏö ÝóÞóÏú ÞóÇáó ÊóÚóÇáóì Ýöí ÇáúÂíóÉö ÇáúÃõÎúÑóì:
ãóÇ ãóäóÚóßó Ãóäú ÊóÓúÌõÏó áöãÇ ÎóáóÞúÊõ ÈöíóÏóíøó [Õ: 75] ¡ ÝóáöÐóáößó ßóÇäó ÐößúÑõ (áóÇ) åõäóÇ Úóáóì ÎöáóÇÝö ãõÞúÊóÖóì ÇáÙøóÇåöÑö¡ ÝóÞöíáó åöíó ãóÒöíÏóÉñ áöáÊøóÃúßöíÏö¡ æóáóÇ ÊõÝöíÏõ äóÝúíðÇ¡ áöÃóäøó ÇáúÍóÑúÝó ÇáúãóÒöíÏó áöáÊøóÃúßöíÏö áóÇ íõÝöíÏõ ãóÚúäðì ÛóíúÑó ÇáÊøóÃúßöíÏö. æó (áóÇ) ãöäú ÌõãúáóÉö ÇáúÍõÑõæÝö ÇáøóÊöí íõÄóßøóÏõ ÈöåóÇ ÇáúßóáóÇãõ ßóãóÇ Ýöí Þóæúáöåö ÊóÚóÇáóì: áóÇ ÃõÞúÓöãõ ÈöåÐóÇ ÇáúÈóáóÏö [ÇáúÈóáóÏö: 1]- æóÞóæúáöåö- áöÆóáøóÇ íóÚúáóãó Ãóåúáõ ÇáúßöÊÇÈö ÃóáøóÇ íóÞúÏöÑõæäó Úóáì ÔóíúÁò ãöäú ÝóÖúáö Çááøóåö [ÇáúÍóÏöíÏ: 29] Ãóíú áöíóÚúáóãó Ãóåúáõ ÇáúßöÊóÇÈö ÚöáúãðÇ ãõÍóÞøóÞðÇ. æóÞóæúáõåõ ÊóÚóÇáóì: æóÍóÑÇãñ Úóáì ÞóÑúíóÉò ÃóåúáóßúäÇåÇ Ãóäøóåõãú áóÇ íóÑúÌöÚõæäó [ÇáúÃóäúÈöíóÇÁ: 95] Ãóíú ãóãúäõæÚñ Ãóäøóåõãú íóÑúÌöÚõæäó ãóäúÚðÇ ãõÍóÞøóÞðÇ¡ æóåóÐóÇ ÊóÃúæöíáõ ÇáúßöÓóÇÆöíøö¡ æóÇáúÝóÑøóÇÁö¡ æóÇáÒøóÌøóÇÌö¡ æóÇáÒøóãóÎúÔóÑöíøö¡ æóÝöí ÊóæúÌöíåö ãóÚúäóì ÇáÊøóÃúßöíÏö Åöáóì ÇáúÝöÚúáö ãóÚó ßóæúäö ÇáÓøõÌõæÏö ÛóíúÑó æóÇÞöÚò ÝóáóÇ íóäúÈóÛöí ÊóÃúßöíÏõåõ ÎóÝóÇÁð áöÃóäøó ÇáÊøóæúßöíÏó ÊóÍúÞöíÞõ ÍõÕõæáö ÇáúÝöÚúáö ÇáúãõÄóßøóÏö¡ ÝóáóÇ íóäúÈóÛöí ÇáÊøóÚúæöíáõ Úóáóì åóÐóÇ ÇáÊøóÃúæöíáö.
æóÞöíáó (áóÇ) äóÇÝöíóÉñ¡ æóæõÌõæÏõåóÇ íõÄúÐöäõ ÈöÝöÚúáò ãõÞóÏøóÑò Ïóáøó Úóáóíúåö ãóäóÚóßó áöÃóäøó ÇáúãóÇäöÚó ãöäú ÔóíúÁò íóÏúÚõæ áöÖöÏøöåö¡ ÝóßóÃóäøóåõ Þöíáó: ãóÇ ãóäóÚóßó Ãóäú ÊóÓúÌõÏó ÝóÏóÚóÇßó Åöáóì Ãóäú áóÇ ÊóÓúÌõÏó¡ ÝóÅöãøóÇ Ãóäú íóßõæäó ãóäóÚóßó ãõÓúÊóÚúãóáðÇ Ýöí ãóÚúäóì ÏóÚóÇßó¡ Úóáóì ÓóÈöíáö ÇáúãóÌóÇÒö¡ æó (áóÇ) åöíó ÞóÑöíäóÉõ ÇáúãóÌóÇÒö¡ æóåóÐóÇ ÊóÃúæöíáõ ÇáÓøóßøóÇßöíøö Ýöí «ÇáúãöÝúÊóÇÍö» Ýöí ÝóÕúáö ÇáúãóÌóÇÒö ÇááøõÛóæöíøö¡ æóÞóÑöíÈñ ãöäúåõ áöÚóÈúÏö ÇáúÌóÈøóÇÑö ÝöíãóÇ äóÞóáóåõ
ÇáúÝóÎúÑõ Úóäúåõ¡ æóåõæó ÃóÍúÓóäõ ÊóÃúæöíáðÇ¡ æóÅöãøóÇ Ãóäú íóßõæäó ÞóÏú ÃõÑöíÏó ÇáúÝöÚúáóÇäö¡ ÝóÐõßöÑó ÃóÍóÏõåõãóÇ æóÍõÐöÝó ÇáúÂÎóÑõ¡ æóÃõÔöíÑó Åöáóì ÇáúãóÍúÐõæÝö ÈöãõÊóÚóáøöÞóÉö ÇáÕøóÇáöÍö áóåõ Ýóíóßõæäõ ãöäú ÅöíÌóÇÒö ÇáúÍóÐúÝö¡ æóåõæó ÇÎúÊöíóÇÑõ ÇáØøóÈóÑöíøö æóãóäú ÊóÈöÚóåõ.
æóÇäúÙõÑú ãóÇ ÞõáúÊõåõ ÚöäúÏó Þóæúáöåö ÊóÚóÇáóì: ÞÇáó íóÇ åÇÑõæäõ ãóÇ ãóäóÚóßó ÅöÐú ÑóÃóíúÊóåõãú ÖóáøõæÇ ÃóáøóÇ ÊóÊøóÈöÚóäö Ýöí ÓõæÑóÉö Øå [92¡ 93] .
æóÞóæúáõåõ: ÅöÐú ÃóãóÑúÊõßó ÙóÑúÝñ áö ÊóÓúÌõÏó¡ æóÊóÚúáöíÞõ ÖóãöíÑöåö ÈöÇáúÃóãúÑö íóÞúÊóÖöí Ãóäøó ÃóãúÑó ÇáúãóáóÇÆößóÉö ÔóÇãöáñ áóåõ¡ ÅöãøóÇ áöÃóäøóåõ ÕöäúÝñ ãöäó ÇáúãóáóÇÆößóÉö¡ ÝóÎóáóÞó Çááøóåõ ÅöÈúáöíÓó ÃóÕúáðÇ(8-È/40)
áöáúÌöäøö áöíóÌúÚóáó ãöäúåõ ÕöäúÝðÇ ãõÊóãóíøöÒðÇ Úóäú ÈóÞöíøóÉö ÇáúãóáóÇÆößóÉö ÈöÞóÈõæáöåö áöáúãóÚúÕöíóÉö¡ æóåóÐóÇ åõæó ÙóÇåöÑõ ÇáúÞõÑúÂäö¡ æóÅöáóíúåö ÐóåóÈó ßóËöíÑñ ãöäó ÇáúÝõÞóåóÇÁö¡ æóÞóÏú ÞóÇáó Çááøóåõ ÊóÚóÇáóì: ÅöáøóÇ ÅöÈúáöíÓó ßÇäó ãöäó ÇáúÌöäøö [ÇáúßóåúÝ: 50] ÇáúÂíóÉó¡ æóÅöãøóÇ áöÃóäøó ÇáúÌöäøó äóæúÚñ ÂÎóÑõ ãöäó ÇáúãõÌóÑøóÏóÇÊö¡ æóÅöÈúáöíÓõ ÃóÕúáõ Ðóáößó ÇáäøóæúÚö¡ ÌóÚóáóåõ Çááøóåõ Ýöí ÚöÏóÇÏö ÇáúãóáóÇÆößóÉö¡ ÝóßóÇäó ÃóãúÑõåõãú ÔóÇãöáðÇ áóåõ ÈöäóÇÁð Úóáóì Ãóäøó ÇáúãóáóÇÆößóÉó ÎõáöÞõæÇ ãöäó ÇáäøõæÑö æóÃóäøó ÇáúÌöäøó ÎõáöÞõæÇ ãöäó ÇáäøóÇÑö¡
æóÝöí «ÕóÍöíÍö ãõÓúáöãò» ¡ Úóäú ÚóÇÆöÔóÉó ÑóÖöíó Çááøóåõ ÚóäúåóÇ: Ãóäøó ÑóÓõæá Çááå Õóáøóì Çááåõ Úóáóíúåö æóÓóáøóãó ÞóÇáó: «ÎõáöÞóÊö ÇáúãóáóÇÆößóÉõ ãöäú äõæÑò æóÎõáöÞó ÇáúÌóÇäøõ ãöäú ãóÇÑöÌò ãöäú äóÇÑò»
æóÅöáóì åóÐóÇ ÐóåóÈó ÇáúãõÚúÊóÒöáóÉõ æóÈóÚúÖõ ÇáúÃóÔóÇÚöÑóÉö¡ æóÞóÏú íóßõæäõ ÇáúãõÑóÇÏõ ãöäó ÇáäøóÇÑö äõæÑðÇ ãóÎúáõæØðÇ ÈöÇáúãóÇÏøóÉö¡ æóíóßõæäõ ÇáúãõÑóÇÏõ ÈöÇáäøõæÑö äõæÑðÇ ãõÌóÑøóÏðÇ¡ Ýóíóßõæäõ ÇáúÌöäøõ äóæúÚðÇ ãöäú ÌöäúÓö ÇáúãóáóÇÆößóÉö ÃóÍóØøó¡ ßóãóÇ ßóÇäó ÇáúÅöäúÓóÇäõ äóæúÚðÇ ãöäú ÌöäúÓö ÇáúÍóíóæóÇäö ÃóÑúÞóì.
æóÝõÕöáó: ÞÇáó ÃóäóÇ ÎóíúÑñ ãöäúåõ áöæõÞõæÚöåö Úóáóì ØóÑöíÞóÉö ÇáúãõÍóÇæóÑóÇÊö.
æóÈóíøóäó ãóÇäöÚóåõ ãöäó ÇáÓøõÌõæÏö ÈöÃóäøóåõ ÑóÃóì äóÝúÓóåõ ÎóíúÑðÇ ãöäú ÂÏóãó¡ Ýóáóãú íóãúÊóËöáú áöÃóãúÑö Çááøóåö ÊóÚóÇáóì ÅöíøóÇåõ ÈöÇáÓøõÌõæÏö áöÂÏóãó¡ æóåóÐóÇ ãóÚúÕöíóÉñ ÕóÑöíÍóÉñ¡ æóÞóæúáõåõ: ÃóäóÇ ÎóíúÑñ ãöäúåõ ãóÓõæÞñ ãóÓóÇÞó ÇáÊøóÚúáöíáö áöáöÇãúÊöäóÇÚö æóáöÐóáößó ÍõÐöÝó ãöäúåõ ÇááøóÇãõ.
æóÌõãúáóÉõ: ÎóáóÞúÊóäöí ãöäú äÇÑò ÈóíóÇäñ áöÌõãúáóÉö: ÃóäóÇ ÎóíúÑñ ãöäúåõ ÝóáöÐóáößó ÝõÕöáóÊú¡ áöÃóäøóåóÇ ÈöãóäúÒöáóÉö ÚóØúÝö ÇáúÈóíóÇäö ãöäó ÇáúãõÈóíøóäö.
æóÍóÕóáó áöÅöÈúáöíÓó ÇáúÚöáúãõ Èößóæúäöåö ãóÎúáõæÞðÇ ãöäú äóÇÑò¡ ÈöÅöÎúÈóÇÑò ãöäó ÇáúãóáóÇÆößóÉö ÇáøóÐöíäó ÔóåöÏõæÇ ÎóáúÞóåõ¡ Ãóæú ÈöÅöÎúÈóÇÑò ãöäó Çááøóåö ÊóÚóÇáóì.
æóßóæúäõåõ ãóÎúáõæÞðÇ ãöäó ÇáäøóÇÑö ËóÇÈöÊñ ÞóÇáó ÊóÚóÇáóì: ÎóáóÞó ÇáúÅöäúÓÇäó ãöäú ÕóáúÕÇáò ßóÇáúÝóÎøóÇÑö æóÎóáóÞó ÇáúÌóÇäøó ãöäú ãÇÑöÌò ãöäú äÇÑò [ÇáÑøóÍúãóä: 14¡ 15] æóÅöÈúáöíÓõ ãöäú ÌöäúÓö ÇáúÌöäøö ÞóÇáó ÊóÚóÇáóì Ýöí ÓõæÑóÉö ÇáúßóåúÝö [50] : ÝóÓóÌóÏõæÇ ÅöáøóÇ ÅöÈúáöíÓó ßÇäó ãöäó ÇáúÌöäøö ÝóÝóÓóÞó Úóäú ÃóãúÑö ÑóÈøöåö.
æóÇÓúÊóäóÏó Ýöí ÊóÝúÖöíáö äóÝúÓöåö Åöáóì ÝóÖöíáóÉö ÇáúÚõäúÕõÑö ÇáøóÐöí ÎõáöÞó ãöäúåõ Úóáóì ÇáúÚõäúÕõÑö ÇáøóÐöí ÎõáöÞó ãöäúåõ ÂÏóãõ.(8-È/41)
æóÇáäøóÇÑõ åöíó ÇáúÍóÑóÇÑóÉõ ÇáúÈóÇáöÛóÉõ áöÔöÏøóÊöåóÇ ÇáöÇáúÊöåóÇÈó ÇáúßóÇÆöäóÉõ Ýöí ÇáúÃóÌúÓóÇãö ÇáúãóÕúåõæÑóÉö ÈöÃóÕúáö ÇáúÎöáúÞóÉö¡ ßóÇáäøóÇÑö ÇáøóÊöí Ýöí ÇáÔøóãúÓö¡ æóÅöÐóÇ ÈáÛÊ ÇáúÍóÑóÇÑóÉ ÇáÇáÊåÇã ÚóÑóÖóÊö ÇáäøóÇÑöíøóÉõ áöáúÌöÓúãö ãöäú ãóÚúÏöäò Ãóæú äóÈóÇÊò Ãóæú ÊõÑóÇÈò ãöËúáõ ÇáäøóÇÑö ÇáúÈóÇÞöíóÉö Ýöí ÇáÑøóãóÇÏö.
æóÇáäøóÇÑõ ÃóÝúÖóáõ ãöäó ÇáÊøõÑóÇÈö áöÞõæøóÉö ÊóÃúËöíÑöåóÇ æóÊóÓóáøõØöåóÇ Úóáóì ÇáúÃóÌúÓóÇãö ÇáøóÊöí ÊõáóÇÞöíåóÇ¡ æóáöÃóäøóåóÇ ÊõÖöíÁõ¡ æóáöÃóäøóåóÇ ÒóßöíøóÉñ áóÇ ÊóáúÕóÞõ ÈöåóÇ ÇáúÃóÞúÐóÇÑõ¡ æóÇáÊøõÑóÇÈõ áóÇ íõÔóÇÑößõåóÇ Ýöí Ðóáößó æóÞóÏö ÇÔúÊóÑóßóÇ Ýöí Ãóäøó ßöáóíúåöãóÇ ÊóÊóßóæøóäõ ãöäúåõ ÇáúÃóÌúÓóÇãõ ÇáúÍóíøóÉõ ßõáøõåóÇ.
æóÃóãøóÇ ÇáäøõæÑõ ÇáøóÐöí ÎõáöÞó ãöäúåõ Çáúãóáóßõ Ýóåõæó ÃóÎúáóÕõ ãöäó ÇáÔøõÚóÇÚö ÇáøóÐöí íõÈóíøöäõ ãöäó ÇáäøóÇÑö ãõÌóÑøóÏðÇ Úóäú ãóÇ Ýöí ÇáäøóÇÑö ãöäó ÇáúÃóÎúáóÇØö ÇáúÌõËúãóÇäöíøóÉö.
æóÇáØøöíäõ ÇáÊøõÑóÇÈõ ÇáúãõÎúÊóáöØõ ÈöÇáúãóÇÁö¡ æóÇáúãóÇÁõ ÚõäúÕõÑñ ÂÎóÑõ ÊóÊóæóÞøóÝõ Úóáóíúåö ÇáúÍóíóÇÉõ ÇáúÍóíóæóÇäöíøóÉõ ãóÚó ÇáäøóÇÑö æóÇáÊøõÑóÇÈö¡ æóÙóÇåöÑõ ÇáúÞõÑúÂäö Ýöí ÂíóÇÊö åóÐöåö ÇáúÞöÕøóÉö ßõáøöåóÇ Ãóäøó ÔóÑóÝó ÇáäøóÇÑö Úóáóì ÇáÊøõÑóÇÈö ãõÞóÑøóÑñ¡ æóÃóäøó ÅöÈúáöíÓó ÃõæÎöÐó ÈöÚöÕúíóÇäö ÃóãúÑö Çááøóåö ÚöÕúíóÇäðÇ ÈóÇÊøðÇ¡ æóÇááøóåõ ÊóÚóÇáóì áóãøóÇ ÃóãóÑó ÇáúãóáóÇÆößóÉó ÈöÇáÓøõÌõæÏö áöÂÏóãó ÞóÏú Úóáöãó ÇÓúÊöÍúÞóÇÞó ÂÏóãó Ðóáößó ÈöãóÇ ÃóæúÏóÚó Çááøóåõ Ýöíåö ãöäó ÇáúÞõæøóÉö ÇáøóÊöí ÞóÏú ÊóÈúáõÛõ Èöåö Åöáóì ãóÈúáóÛö ÇáúãóáóÇÆößóÉö Ýöí ÇáÒøóßóÇÁö æóÇáÊøóÞúÏöíÓö¡ ÝóÃóãøóÇ ÅöÈúáöíÓõ ÝóÛóÑøóåõ ÒóßóÇÁõ ÚõäúÕõÑöåö æóÐóáößó áóíúÓó ßóÇÝöíðÇ Ýöí ÇáÊøóÝúÖöíáö æóÍúÏóåõ¡ ãóÇ áóãú íóßõäú ßöíóÇäõåõ ãöäú Ðóáößó ÇáúÚõäúÕõÑö ãõåóíøöÆðÇ ÅöíøóÇåõ áöÈõáõæÛö ÇáúßóãóÇáóÇÊö¡ áöÃóäøó ÇáúÚöÈúÑóÉó ÈößóíúÝöíøóÉö ÇáÊøóÑúßöíÈö¡ æóÇÚúÊöÈóÇÑö ÎóÕóÇÆöÕö ÇáúãóÇÏøóÉö ÇáúãõÑóßøóÈö ãöäúåóÇ ÈóÚúÏó ÇáÊøóÑúßöíÈö¡ ÈöÍóÓóÈö ãóÞúÕöÏö ÇáúÎóÇáöÞö ÚöäúÏó ÇáÊøóÑúßöíÈö¡ æóáóÇ ÚöÈúÑóÉó ÈöÍóÇáóÉö ÇáúãóÇÏøóÉö ÇáúãõÌóÑøóÏóÉö¡ ÝóÇááøóåõ ÊóÚóÇáóì ÑóßøóÈó ÅöÈúáöíÓó ãöäú ÚõäúÕõÑö ÇáäøóÇÑö Úóáóì åóíúÆóÉò ÊóÌúÚóáõåõ íóÓúÊóÎúÏöãõ ÂËóÇÑó ÇáúÞõæøóÉö ÇáúÚõäúÕõÑöíøóÉö Ýöí ÇáúÝóÓóÇÏö æóÇáöÇäúÏöÝóÇÚó Åöáóíúåö ÈöÇáØøóÈúÚö Ïõæäó äóÙóÑò¡ ÈöÍóÓóÈó ÎóÕóÇÆöÕö ÇáúãóÇÏøóÉö ÇáúãõÑóßøóÈö åõæó ãöäúåóÇ¡ æóÑóßøóÈó ÂÏóãó ãöäú ÚõäúÕõÑö ÇáÊøõÑóÇÈö Úóáóì åóíúÆóÉò ÊóÌúÚóáõåõ íóÓúÊóÎúÏöãõ ÂËóÇÑó ÇáúÞõæøóÉö ÇáÚäÕÑíøÉ Ýöí ÇáúÎóÈóÑ æóÇáÕøóáóÇÍö æóÇáöÇäúÏöÝóÇÚó Åöáóì ÇÒúÏöíóÇÏö ÇáúßóãóÇáö ÈöãóÍúÖö ÇáöÇÎúÊöíóÇÑö æóÇáäøóÙóÑö¡ ÈöÍóÓóÈö ãóÇ ÊóÓúãóÍõ Èöåö ÎóÕóÇÆöÕõ ÇáúãóÇÏøóÉö ÇáúãõÑóßøóÈö åõæó ãöäúåóÇ¡ æóßõáøõ Ðóáößó ãóäõæØñ ÈöÍößúãóÉö ÇáúÎóÇáöÞö áöáÊøóÑúßöíÈö¡ æóÑóßøóÈó ÇáúãóáóÇÆößóÉó ãöäú ÚõäúÕõÑö ÇáäøõæÑö Úóáóì åóíúÆóÉò ÊóÌúÚóáõåõãú íóÓúÊóÎúÏöãõæäó ÞõæóÇåõãõ ÇáúÚõäúÕõÑöíøóÉó Ýöí ÇáúÎóíúÑóÇÊö ÇáúãóÍúÖóÉö¡ æóÇáöÇäúÏöÝóÇÚö(8-È/42)
Åöáóì Ðóáößó ÈöÇáØøóÈúÚö Ïõæäó ÇÎúÊöíóÇÑò æóáóÇ äÙÑ¡ ÈöÍóÓÈ ÎÕÇíÕ ÚõäúÕõÑöåöãú¡ æóáöÐóáößó ßóÇäó ÈõáõæÛõ ÇáúÅöäúÓóÇäö Åöáóì ÇáúÝóÖóÇÆöáö ÇáúãóáóßöíøóÉö ÃóÚúáóì æóÃóÚúÌóÈó¡ æóßóÇäó ãóÈúáóÛõåõ Åöáóì ÇáÑøóÐóÇÆöáö ÇáÔøóíúØóÇäöíøóÉö ÃóÍóØøó æóÃóÓúåóáó¡ æóãöäú ÃóÌúáö Ðóáößó ÎõæØöÈó ÈöÇáÊøóßúáöíÝö.
æóáöÃóÌúáö åóÐóÇ ÇáúãóÚúäóì ÃóãóÑó Çááøóåõ ÇáúãóáóÇÆößóÉó ÈöÇáÓøõÌõæÏö áöÂÏóãó ÃóÕúáö ÇáäøóæúÚö ÇáúÈóÔóÑöíøö áöÃóäøóåõ ÓõÌõæÏõ
ÇÚúÊöÑóÇÝò áöáøóåö ÊóÚóÇáóì ÈöãóÙúåóÑö ÞõÏúÑóÊöåö ÇáúÚóÙöíãóÉö¡ æóÃóãóÑó ÅöÈúáöíÓó ÈöÇáÓøõÌõæÏö áóåõ ßóÐóáößó¡ ÝóÃóãøóÇ ÇáúãóáóÇÆößóÉõ ÝóÇãúÊóËóáõæÇ ÃóãúÑó Çááøóåö æóáóãú íóÚúáóãõæÇ ÍößúãóÊóåõ¡ æóÇäúÊóÙóÑõæÇ ÇáúÈóíóÇäó¡ ßóãóÇ Íóßóì Úóäúåõãú ÈöÞóæúáöåö: ÞÇáõæÇ ÓõÈúÍÇäóßó áóÇ Úöáúãó áóäÇ ÅöáøóÇ ãóÇ ÚóáøóãúÊóäÇ Åöäøóßó ÃóäúÊó ÇáúÚóáöíãõ ÇáúÍóßöíãõ [ÇáúÈóÞóÑóÉ: 32] ÝóÌóÇÁóåõãõ ÇáúÈóíóÇäõ ãõÌúãóáðÇ ÈöÞóæúáöåö: Åöäøöí ÃóÚúáóãõ ãóÇ áóÇ ÊóÚúáóãõæäó [ÇáúÈóÞóÑóÉ: 30] Ëõãøó ãõÝóÕøóáðÇ ÈöÞöÕøóÉö Þóæúáöåö: Ëõãøó ÚóÑóÖóåõãú Úóáóì ÇáúãóáÇÆößóÉö ÝóÞÇáó ÃóäúÈöÆõæäöí ÈöÃóÓúãÇÁö åÄõáÇÁö Åöäú ßõäúÊõãú ÕÇÏöÞöíäó [ÇáúÈóÞóÑóÉ: 31]- Åöáóì Þóæúáöåö- æóãÇ ßõäúÊõãú ÊóßúÊõãõæäó Ýöí ÓõæÑóÉö ÇáúÈóÞóÑóÉö [33] .
æóÞóÏú ÚóÇÞóÈóåõ Çááøóåõ Úóáóì ÚöÕúíóÇäöåö ÈöÅöÎúÑóÇÌöåö ãöäó ÇáúãóßóÇäö ÇáøóÐöí ßóÇäó Ýöíåö Ýöí ÇÚúÊöáóÇÁò æóåõæó ÇáÓøóãóÇÁõ¡ æóÃóÍóáøó ÇáúãóáóÇÆößóÉó Ýöíåö¡ æóÌóÚóáóåõ ãóßóÇäðÇ ãõÞóÏøóÓðÇ ÝóÇÖöáðÇ Úóáóì ÇáúÃóÑúÖö ÝóÅöäøó Ðóáößó ßõáøóåõ ÈöÌóÚúáò Âáóåöíøò ÈöÅöÝóÇÖóÉö ÇáúÃóäúæóÇÑö æóãõáóÇÒóãóÉö ÇáúãóáóÇÆößóÉö¡ ÝóÞóÇáó áóåõ: ÝóÇåúÈöØú ãöäúåÇ ÝóãÇ íóßõæäõ áóßó Ãóäú ÊóÊóßóÈøóÑó ÝöíåÇ.
æóÇáÊøóÚúÈöíÑõ ÈöÇáúåõÈõæØö ÅöãøóÇ ÍóÞöíÞóÉð Åöäú ßóÇäó ÇáúãóßóÇäõ ÚóÇáöíðÇ¡ æóÅöãøóÇ ÇÓúÊöÚóÇÑóÉð áöáúÈõÚúÏö Úóäö ÇáúãóßóÇäö ÇáúãõÔóÑøóÝö¡ ÈöÊóÔúÈöíåö ÇáúÈõÚúÏö Úóäúåõ ÈöÇáäøõÒõæáö ãöäú ãóßóÇäò ãõÑúÊóÝöÚò æóÞóÏú ÊóÞóÏøóãó Ðóáößó Ýöí ÓõæÑóÉö ÇáúÈóÞóÑóÉö.
æóÇáúÝóÇÁõ Ýöí ÌõãúáóÉö: ÝóÇåúÈöØú áöÊóÑúÊöíÈö ÇáúÃóãúÑö ÈöÇáúåõÈõæØö Úóáóì ÌóæóÇÈö ÅöÈúáöíÓó¡ Ýóåõæó ãöäú ÚóØúÝö ßóáóÇãö ãõÊóßóáøöãò Úóáóì ßóáóÇãö ãõÊóßóáøöãò ÂÎóÑó¡ áöÃóäøó ÇáúßóáóÇãóíúäö ÈöãóäúÒöáóÉö ÇáúßóáóÇãö ÇáúæóÇÍöÏö Ýöí ãóÞóÇãö ÇáúãõÍóÇæóÑóÉö¡ ßóÇáúÚóØúÝö ÇáøóÐöí Ýöí Þóæúáöåö ÊóÚóÇáóì: ÞÇáó Åöäøöí ÌÇÚöáõßó áöáäøóÇÓö ÅöãÇãÇð ÞÇáó æóãöäú ÐõÑøöíøóÊöí [ÇáúÈóÞóÑóÉ: 124] .
æóÇáúÝóÇÁõ ÏóÇáøóÉñ Úóáóì Ãóäøó ÃóãúÑóåõ ÈöÇáúåõÈõæØö ãõÓóÈøóÈñ Úóäú ÌóæóÇÈöåö.
æóÖóãöíÑõ ÇáúãõÄóäøóËö ÇáúãóÌúÑõæÑö Èöãöäú Ýöí Þóæúáöåö: ãöäúåÇ ÚóÇÆöÏñ Úóáóì ÇáúãóÚúáõæãö Èóíúäó(8-È/43)
ÇáúãõÊóßóáøöãö æóÇáúãõÎóÇØóÈö¡ æóÊóÃúäöíËõåõ ÅöãøóÇ ÑóÚúíñ áöãóÚúäóÇåõ ÈöÊóÃúæöíáö ÇáúÈõÞúÚóÉö¡ Ãóæú áöáóÝúÙö ÇáÓøóãóÇÁö áöÃóäøóåóÇ ãóßóÇäõ ÇáúãóáóÇÆößóÉö¡ æóÞóÏú ÊóßóÑøóÑó Ýöí ÇáúÞõÑúÂäö ÐößúÑõ åóÐóÇ ÇáÖøóãöíÑö ÈöÇáÊøóÃúäöíËö.
æóÞóæúáõåõ: ÝóãÇ íóßõæäõ áóßó Ãóäú ÊóÊóßóÈøóÑó ÝöíåÇ ÇáúÝóÇÁõ áöáÓøóÈóÈöíøóÉö æóÇáÊøóÝúÑöíÚö ÊóÚúáöíáðÇ áöáúÃóãúÑö ÈöÇáúåõÈõæØö¡ æóåõæó ÚõÞõæÈóÉñ ÎóÇÕøóÉñ ÚõÞõæÈóÉõ ÅöÈúÚóÇÏò Úóäö ÇáúãóßóÇäö ÇáúãõÞóÏøóÓö¡ áöÃóäøóåõ ÞóÏú ÕóÇÑó ÎõáõÞõåõ ÛóíúÑó ãõáóÇÆöãò áöãóÇ ÌóÚóáó Çááøóåõ Ðóáößó ÇáúãóßóÇäó áóåõ¡ æóÐóáößó ÎõáõÞõ ÇáÊøóßóÈøõÑö áöÃóäøó ÇáúãóßóÇäó ßóÇäó ãóßóÇäðÇ ãõÞóÏøóÓðÇ ÝóÇÖöáðÇ áóÇ íóßõæäõ ÅöáøóÇ ãõØóåøóÑðÇ ãöäú ßõáøö ãóÇ áóåõ æóÕúÝñ íõäóÇÝöíåö æóåóÐóÇ ãóÈúÏóÃñ ÍóÇæóáóåõ ÇáúÍõßóãóÇÁõ ÇáúÈóÇÍöËõæäó Úóäö ÇáúãóÏöíäóÉö ÇáúÝóÇÖöáóÉö æóÞóÏú ÞóÇáó ãóÇáößñ ÑóÍöãóåõ Çááøóåõ: áóÇ ÊõÍúÏöËõæÇ ÈöÏúÚóÉð Ýöí ÈóáóÏöäóÇ. æóåóÐöåö ÇáúÂíóÉõ ÃóÕúáñ Ýöí ËõÈõæÊö ÇáúÍóÞøö áöÃóåúáö ÇáúãóÍóáøóÉö Ãóäú íõÎúÑöÌõæÇ ãöäú ãóÍóáøóÊöåöãú ãóäú íõÎúÔóì ãöäú ÓöíÑóÊöåö ÝõÔõæøõ ÇáúÝóÓóÇÏö Èóíúäóåõãú.
æóÏóáøó Þóæúáõåõ: ÝóãÇ íóßõæäõ áóßó Úóáóì Ãóäøó Ðóáößó ÇáúæóÕúÝó áóÇ íõÛúÊóÝóÑõ ãöäúåõ¡ áöÃóäøó ÇáäøóÝúíó ÈöÕöíÛóÉö (ãóÇ íóßõæäõ áóßó) ßóÐóÇ ÃóÔóÏøõ ãöäó ÇáäøóÝúíö Èö (áóíúÓó áóßó ßóÐóÇ) ßóãóÇ ÊóÞóÏøóãó ÚöäúÏó Þóæúáöåö ÊóÚóÇáóì: ãóÇ ßÇäó áöÈóÔóÑò Ãóäú íõÄúÊöíóåõ Çááøóåõ ÇáúßöÊÇÈó ÇáúÂíóÉó Ýöí Âáö ÚöãúÑóÇäó [79] ¡ æóåõæó íóÓúÊóáúÒöãõ åõäóÇ äóåúíðÇ áöÃóäøóåõ äóÝóÇåõ Úóäúåõ ãóÚó æõÞõæÚöåö¡ æóÚóáóíúåö ÝóÊóÞúíöíÏõ äóÝúíö ÇáÊøóßóÈøõÑö Úóäúåõ ÈöÇáúßóæúäö Ýöí ÇáÓøóãóÇÁö áöæõÞõæÚöåö ÚöáøóÉð áöáúÚõÞõæÈóÉö ÇáúÎóÇÕøóÉö æóåöíó ÚõÞõæÈóÉõ ÇáØøóÑúÏö ãöäó ÇáÓøóãóÇÁö¡ ÝóáóÇ ÏóáóÇáóÉó áöÐóáößó ÇáúÞóíúÏö Úóáóì Ãóäøóåõ íóßõæäõ áóåõ Ãóäú íóÊóßóÈøóÑó Ýöí ÛóíúÑöåóÇ¡ æóßóíúÝó æóÞóÏú Úõáöãó Ãóäøó ÇáÊøóßóÈøõÑó ãóÚúÕöíóÉñ áóÇ ÊóáöíÞõ ÈöÃóåúáö ÇáúÚóÇáóãö ÇáúÚõáúæöíøö.
æóÞóæúáõåõ: ÝóÇÎúÑõÌú ÊóÃúßöíÏñ áöÌõãúáóÉö ÝóÇåúÈöØú ÈöãõÑóÇÏöÝöåóÇ¡ æóÃõÚöíÏóÊö ÇáúÝóÇÁõ ãóÚó ÇáúÌõãúáóÉö ÇáËøóÇäöíóÉö áöÒöíóÇÏóÉö ÊóÃúßöíÏö ÊóÓóÈøõÈö ÇáúßöÈúÑö Ýöí ÅöÎúÑóÇÌöåö ãöäó ÇáúÌóäøóÉö.
æóÌõãúáóÉõ: Åöäøóßó ãöäó ÇáÕøóÇÛöÑöíäó íóÌõæÒõ Ãóäú Êßæä ãÓÊÃäÝÉ ÇÓÊíäÇÝÇ ÈóíóÇäöíøðÇ¡ ÅöÐóÇ ßóÇäó ÇáúãõÑóÇÏõ ãöäó ÇáúÎóÈóÑö ÇáúÅöÎúÈóÇÑó Úóäú Êóßúæöíäö ÇáÕøöÛóÇÑö Ýöíåö ÈöÌóÚúáö Çááøóåö ÊóÚóÇáóì ÅöíøóÇåõ ÕóÇÛöÑðÇ ÍóÞöíÑðÇ ÍóíúËõãóÇ Íóáøó¡ ÝóÝóÕúáõåóÇ Úóäö ÇáøóÊöí ÞÈáåóÇ ááÇÓÊíäÇÝ¡ æóíóÌõæÒõ Ãóäú Êóßõæäó æóÇÞöÚóÉð ãóæúÞöÚó ÇáÊøóÚúáöíáö áöáúÅöÎúÑóÇÌö Úóáóì ØóÑöíÞóÉö ÇÓúÊöÚúãóÇáö (Åöäøó) Ýöí ãöËúáö åóÐóÇ(8-È/44)
ÞóÇáó ÃóäúÙöÑúäöí Åöáóì íóæúãö íõÈúÚóËõæäó (14) ÞóÇáó Åöäøóßó ãöäó ÇáúãõäúÙóÑöíäó (15)
ÇáúãóÞóÇãö ÇÓúÊöÚúãóÇáó ÝóÇÁö ÇáÊøóÚúáöíáö¡ ÝóåóÐóÇ ÅöÐóÇ ßóÇäó ÇáúãõÑóÇÏõ ãöäó ÇáúÎóÈóÑö ÅöÙúåóÇÑó ãóÇ Ýöíåö ãöäó ÇáÕøóÛóÇÑö æóÇáúÍóÞóÇÑóÉö ÇáøóÊöí ÛóÝóáó ÚóäúåóÇ ÝóÐóåóÈóÊú Èöåö ÇáúÛóÝúáóÉõ ÚóäúåóÇ Åöáóì ÇáÊøóßóÈøõÑö.
æóÞóæúáõåõ: Åöäøóßó ãöäó ÇáÕøóÇÛöÑöíäó ÃóÔóÏøõ Ýöí ÅöËúÈóÇÊö ÇáÕøóÛóÇÑö áóåõ ãöäú äóÍúæö: Åöäøóßó ÕóÇÛöÑñ¡ Ãóæú ÞóÏú ÕóÛõÑúÊó¡ ßóãóÇ ÊóÞóÏøóãó Ýöí Þóæúáöåö ÊóÚóÇáóì: ÞóÏú ÖóáóáúÊõ ÅöÐÇð æóãÇ ÃóäóÇ ãöäó ÇáúãõåúÊóÏöíäó Ýöí ÓõæÑóÉö ÇáúÃóäúÚóÇãö [56] ¡ æóÞóæúáöåö ÂäöÝðÇ: áóãú íóßõäú ãöäó ÇáÓøóÇÌöÏöíäó. æóÇáÕøóÇÛöÑõ ÇáúãõÊøóÕöÝõ ÈöÇáÕøóÛóÇÑö æóåõæó ÇáÐøõáøõ æóÇáúÍóÞóÇÑóÉõ¡ æóÅöäøóãóÇ íóßõæäõ áóåõ ÇáÕøóÛóÇÑõ ÚöäúÏó Çááøóåö áöÃóäøó ÌöÈöáøóÊóåõ ÕóÇÑóÊú Úóáóì ÛóíúÑö ãóÇ íõÑúÖöí Çááøóåó¡ æóåõæó ÕóÛóÇÑõ ÇáúÛóæóÇíóÉö¡ æóáöÐóáößó ÞóÇáó ÈóÚúÏó åóÐóÇ: ÝóÈöãÇ ÃóÛúæóíúÊóäöí [ÇáúÃóÚúÑóÇÝ: 16] .
[14¡ 15]
[ÓõæÑóÉ ÇáúÃóÚúÑóÇÝ (7) : ÇáúÂíóÇÊ 14 Åöáóì 15]
ÞÇáó ÃóäúÙöÑúäöí Åöáì íóæúãö íõÈúÚóËõæäó (14) ÞÇáó Åöäøóßó ãöäó ÇáúãõäúÙóÑöíäó (15)
áóãøóÇ ßóæøóäó Çááøóåõ Ýöíåö ÇáÕøóÛóÇÑó æóÇáúÍóÞóÇÑóÉó ÈóÚúÏó ÚöÒøóÉö ÇáúãóáóßöíøóÉö æóÔóÑóÝöåóÇ ÇäúÞóáóÈóÊú ãóÑóÇãöí åöãøóÊöåö Åöáóì ÇáÊøóÚóáøõÞö ÈöÇáÓøóÝóÇÓöÝö (ÅöÐóÇ ãóÇ áóãú Êóßõäú ÅöÈöáñ ÝóãóÚúÒðì) ÝóÓóÃóáó ÇáäøóÙöÑóÉó ÈöØõæáö ÇáúÍóíóÇÉö Åöáóì íóæúãö ÇáúÈóÚúËö¡ ÅöÐú ßóÇäó íóÚúáóãõ ÞóÈúáó Ðóáößó Ãóäøóåõ ãöäó ÇáúÍóæóÇÏöËö ÇáúÈóÇÞöíóÉö áöÃóäøóåõ ãöäú Ãóåúáö ÇáúÚóÇáóãö ÇáúÈóÇÞöí¡ ÝóáóãøóÇ ÃõåúÈöØó Åöáóì ÇáúÚóÇáóãö ÇáúÃóÑúÖöíøö Ùóäøó Ãóäøóåõ ÕóÇÆöÑñ Åöáóì ÇáúÚóÏóãö ÝóáöÐóáößó ÓóÃóáó ÇáäøóÙöÑóÉó ÅöÈúÞóÇÁð áöãóÇ ßóÇäó áóåõ ãöäú ÞóÈúáõ¡ æóÅöÐú ÞóÏú ßóÇäó Ðóáößó ÈöÊóÞúÏöíÑö Çááøóåö ÊóÚóÇáóì æóÚöáúãöåö¡ æóÈóÏóÑó ãöäú ÅöÈúáöíÓó ØóáóÈõ ÇáäøóÙöÑóÉö¡ ÞóÇáó Çááøóåõ ÊóÚóÇáóì: Åöäøóßó ãöäó ÇáúãõäúÙóÑöíäó Ãóíú Åöäøóßó ãöäó ÇáúãóÎúáõæÞóÇÊö ÇáúÈóÇÞöíóÉö.
æóÞóÏú ÃóÝóÇÏó ÇáÊøóÃúßöíÏõ ÈöÅöäøó æóÇáúÅöÎúÈóÇÑõ ÈöÕöíÛóÉö ãöäó ÇáúãõäúÙóÑöíäó Ãóäøó ÅöäúÙóÇÑóåõ ÃóãúÑñ ÞóÏú ÞóÖóÇåõ Çááøóåõ
æóÞóÏøóÑóåõ ãöäú ÞóÈúáö ÓõÄóÇáöåö¡ Ãóíú ÊóÍóÞøóÞó ßóæúäõßó ãöäó ÇáúÝóÑöíÞö ÇáøóÐöíäó ÃõäúÙöÑõæÇ Åöáóì íóæúãö ÇáúÈóÚúËö¡ Ãóíú Ãóäøó Çááøóåó ÎóáóÞó ÎóáúÞðÇ æóÞóÏøóÑó ÈóÞóÇÁóåõãú Åöáóì íóæúãö ÇáúÈóÚúËö¡ ÝóßóÔóÝó áöÅöÈúáöíÓó Ãóäøóåõ ÈóÚúÖñ ãöäú ÌõãúáóÉö ÇáúãõäúÙóÑöíäó ãöäú ÞóÈúáö ÍõÏõæËö ÇáúãóÚúÕöíóÉö ãöäúåõ¡ æóÅöäøó Çááøóåó áóíúÓó ÈöãõÛóíøöÑò ãóÇ ÞóÏøóÑóåõ áóåõ¡ ÝóÌóæóÇÈõ Çááøóåö ÊóÚóÇáóì áöÅöÈúáöíÓó ÅöÎúÈóÇÑñ Úóäú ÃóãúÑò ÊóÍóÞøóÞó¡ æóáóíúÓó(8-È/45)
ÞóÇáó ÝóÈöãóÇ ÃóÛúæóíúÊóäöí áóÃóÞúÚõÏóäøó áóåõãú ÕöÑóÇØóßó ÇáúãõÓúÊóÞöíãó (16) Ëõãøó áóÂÊöíóäøóåõãú ãöäú Èóíúäö ÃóíúÏöíåöãú æóãöäú ÎóáúÝöåöãú æóÚóäú ÃóíúãóÇäöåöãú æóÚóäú ÔóãóÇÆöáöåöãú æóáóÇ ÊóÌöÏõ ÃóßúËóÑóåõãú ÔóÇßöÑöíäó (17)
ÅöÌóÇÈóÉð áöØöáúÈóÉö ÅöÈúáöíÓó¡ áöÃóäøóåõ Ãóåúæóäõ Úóáóì Çááøóåö ãöäú Ãóäú íõÌöíÈó áóåõ ØóáóÈðÇ¡ æóåóÐöåö åöíó ÇáäøõßúÊóÉõ Ýöí ÇáúÚõÏõæáö Úóäú Ãóäú íóßõæäó ÇáúÌóæóÇÈõ: ÃóäúÙóÑúÊõßó Ãóæú ÃóÌóÈúÊõ áóßó ãöãøóÇ íóÏõáøõ Úóáóì ÊóßúÑöãóÉò ÈöÇÓúÊöÌóÇÈóÉö ØóáóÈöåö¡ æóáóßöäøóåõ ÃóÚúáóãóåõ Ãóäøó ãóÇ ÓóÃóáóåõ ÃóãúÑñ ÍóÇÕöáñ ÝóÓõÄóÇáõåõ ÊóÍúÕöíá ÍóÇÕöá.
[16¡ 17]
[ÓõæÑóÉ ÇáúÃóÚúÑóÇÝ (7) : ÇáúÂíóÇÊ 16 Åöáóì 17]
ÞÇáó ÝóÈöãÇ ÃóÛúæóíúÊóäöí áóÃóÞúÚõÏóäøó áóåõãú ÕöÑÇØóßó ÇáúãõÓúÊóÞöíãó (16) Ëõãøó áóÂÊöíóäøóåõãú ãöäú Èóíúäö ÃóíúÏöíåöãú æóãöäú ÎóáúÝöåöãú æóÚóäú ÃóíúãÇäöåöãú æóÚóäú ÔóãÇÆöáöåöãú æóáÇ ÊóÌöÏõ ÃóßúËóÑóåõãú ÔÇßöÑöíäó (17)
ÇáúÝóÇÁõ áöáÊøóÑúÊöíÈö æóÇáÊøóÓóÈøõÈö Úóáóì Þóæúáöåö: Åöäøóßó ãöäó ÇáÕøóÇÛöÑöíäó [ÇáúÃóÚúÑóÇÝ: 13]- Ëõãøó Þóæúáõåõ- Åöäøóßó ãöäó ÇáúãõäúÙóÑöíäó [ÇáúÃóÚúÑóÇÝ: 15] .
ÝóÞóÏú Ïóáøó ãóÖúãõæäõ Ðóíúäößó ÇáúßóáóÇãóíúäö Ãóäøó Çááøóåó ÎóáóÞó Ýöí äóÝúÓö ÅöÈúáöíÓó ãóÞúÏöÑóÉð Úóáóì ÅöÛúæóÇÁö ÇáäøóÇÓö ÈöÞóæúáöåö: Åöäøóßó ãöäó ÇáÕøóÇÛöÑöíäó [ÇáúÃóÚúÑóÇÝ: 13] æóÅöäøóåõ ÌóÚóáóåõ ÈóÇÞöíðÇ ãõÊóÕóÑøöÝðÇ ÈöÞõæóÇåõ ÇáÔøöÑøöíÑóÉõ Åöáóì íóæúãö ÇáúÈóÚúËö¡ ÝóÃóÍóÓøó ÅöÈúáöíÓõ Ãóäøóåõ Óóíóßõæäõ ÏóÇÚöíóÉð Åöáóì ÇáÖøóáóÇáö æóÇáúßõÝúÑö¡ ÈöÌöÈöáøóÉò ÞóáóÈóåõ Çááøóåõ ÅöáóíúåóÇ ÞóáúÈðÇ æóåõæó ãöäó ÇáúãóÓúÎö ÇáäøóÝúÓóÇäöíøö¡ æóÅöäøóåõ ÝóÇÚöáñ Ðóáößó áóÇ ãóÍóÇáóÉó ãóÚó Úöáúãöåö ÈöÃóäøó ãóÇ íóÕúÏõÑõ Úóäúåõ åõæó ÖóáóÇáñ æóÝóÓóÇÏñ¡ ÝóÕõÏõæÑõ Ðóáößó ãöäúåõ ßóÕõÏõæÑö ÇáäøóåúÔö ãöäó ÇáúÍóíøóÉö¡ æóßóÊóÍóÑøõßö ÇáúÃóÌúÝóÇäö ÚöäúÏó ãõÑõæÑö ÔóíúÁò Úóáóì ÇáúÚóíúäö¡ æóÅöäú ßóÇäó ÕóÇÍöÈõ ÇáúÚóíúäö áóÇ íõÑöíÏõ ÊóÍúÑöíßóåõãóÇ.
æóÇáúÈóÇÁõ Ýöí Þóæúáöåö: ÝóÈöãÇ ÃóÛúæóíúÊóäöí ÓóÈóÈöíøóÉñ æóåöíó ÙóÑúÝñ ãõÓúÊóÞöÑøñ æóÇÞöÚñ ãóæúÞöÚó ÇáúÍóÇáö ãöäú ÝóÇÚöáö áóÃóÞúÚõÏóäøó¡ Ãóíú ÃõÞúÓöãõ áóåõãú ÍóÇáó ßóæúäö Ðóáößó ãöäøöí ÈöÓóÈóÈö ÅöÛúæóÇÆößó ÅöíøóÇíó. æóÇááøóÇãõ Ýöí áóÃóÞúÚõÏóäøó áóÇãõ ÇáúÞóÓóãö: ÞóÕúÏõ ÊóÃúßöíÏö ÍõÕõæáö Ðóáößó æóÊóÍúÞöíÞö ÇáúÚóÒúãö Úóáóíúåö.(8-È/46)
æóÞóÏøóãó ÇáúãóÌúÑõæÑó Úóáóì ÚóÇãöáöåö áöÅöÝóÇÏóÉö ãóÚúäóì ÇáÊøóÚúáöíáö¡ æóåõæó ÞóÑöíÈñ ãöäó ÇáÔøóÑúØö ÝóáöÐóáößó ÇÓúÊõÍöÞøó ÇáÊøóÞúÏöíãõ ÝóÅöäøó ÇáúãóÌúÑõæÑó ÅöÐóÇ ÞõÏøöãó ÞóÏú íõÝöíÏõ ãóÚúäðì ÞóÑöíÈðÇ ãöäó ÇáÔøóÑúØöíøóÉö¡ ßóãóÇ Ýöí
Þóæá ÇáäøÈíÁ Õóáøóì Çááåõ Úóáóíúåö æóÓóáøóãó: «ßóãóÇ ÊóßõæäõæÇ íõæóáøóì Úóáóíúßõãú»
æóÝöí ÑöæóÇíóÉò ÌóÒóãó ÊóßõæäõæÇ ãóÚó ÚóÏóãö ãõÚóÇãóáóÉö ÚóÇãöáöåö ãõÚóÇãóáóÉó ÌóæóÇÈö ÇáÔøóÑúØö ÈöÚóáóÇãóÉö ÇáúÌóÒúãö Ýóáóãú íõÑúæó «íõæóáøóì» ÅöáøóÇ ÈöÇáúÃóáúÝö Ýöí ÂÎöÑöåö Úóáóì ÚóÏóãö ÇÚúÊöÈóÇÑö ÇáúÌóÒúãö. æóÐóáößó íóÍúÕõáõ ãöäó ÇáöÇåúÊöãóÇãö ÈöÇáúãõÊóÚóáøöÞö¡ ÅöÐú ßóÇäó åõæó ÇáÓøóÈóÈõ Ýöí ÍõÕõæáö ÇáúãõÊóÚóáøóÞö Èöåö¡ ÝóÇáÊøóÞúÏöíãõ áöáöÇåúÊöãóÇãö¡ æóáöÐóáößó áóãú íóßõäú åóÐóÇ ÇáÊøÞÏíã ãäÇÝíÇ áöÊóÕúÏöíÑö áóÇãö ÇáúÞóÓóãö Ýöí ÌõãúáóÊöåóÇ¡ Úóáóì ÃóäøóÇ áóÇ äóáúÊóÒöãõ Ðóáößó ÝóÞóÏú ÎõæáöÝó Ýöí ßóËöíÑò ãöäú ßóáóÇãö ÇáúÚóÑóÈö. æóãóÇ ãóÕúÏóÑöíøóÉñ¡ æóÇáúÞÚõæÏ Úóä ßöäóÇíóÉñ Úóäö ÇáúãõáóÇÒóãóÉö
ßóãóÇ Ýöí Þóæúáö ÇáäøóÇÈöÛóÉö:
ÞõÚõæÏðÇ áóÏóì ÃóÈúíóÇÊöåöãú íóËúãöÏõæäóåõãú ... Ñóãóì Çááøóåõ Ýöí Êöáúßó ÇáúÃóßõÝøö ÇáúßóæóÇäöÚö
Ãóíú ãõáóÇÒöãöíäó ÃÈíÇÊÇ áÛóíÑåã íÑÏ ÇáúÌõáõæÓó¡ ÅöÐú ÞóÏú íóßõæäõæäó íóÓúÃóáõæäó æóÇÞöÝöíäó¡ æóãóÇÔöíäó¡ æóæóÌúåõ ÇáúßöäóÇíóÉö åõæó Ãóäøó ãõáóÇÒóãóÉó ÇáúãóßóÇäö ÊóÓúÊóáúÒöãõ ÇáúÅöÚúíóÇÁó ãöäó ÇáúæõÞõæÝö ÚöäúÏóåõ¡ ÝóíóÞúÚõÏõ ÇáúãõáóÇÒöãõ ØóáóÈðÇ áöáÑøóÇÍóÉö¡ æóãöäú Ëóãøó ÃõØúáöÞó Úóáóì ÇáúãõÓúÊóÌöíÑö ÇÓúãõ ÇáúÞóÚöíÏö¡ æóãöäú ÅöØúáóÇÞö ÇáúÞóÚöíÏö Úóáóì ÇáúãõáóÇÒöãö Þóæúáõåõ ÊóÚóÇáóì: ÅöÐú íóÊóáóÞøóì ÇáúãõÊóáóÞøöíÇäö Úóäö Çáúíóãöíäö æóÚóäö ÇáÔøöãÇáö ÞóÚöíÏñ [Þ: 17] Ãóíú ãõáóÇÒöãò ÅöÐö Çáúãóáóßõ áóÇ íõæÕóÝõ ÈöÞõÚõæÏò æóáóÇ ÞöíóÇãò.
æóáóãøóÇ Öõãøöäó ÝöÚúáõ: áóÃóÞúÚõÏóäøó ãóÚúäóì ÇáúãõáóÇÒóãóÉö ÇäúÊóÕóÈó ÕöÑÇØóßó Úóáóì ÇáúãóÝúÚõæáöíøóÉö¡ Ãóæú Úóáóì ÊóÞúÏöíÑö ÝöÚúáò ÊóÖóãøóäóåõ ãóÚúäóì áóÃóÞúÚõÏóäøó ÊóÞúÏöíÑõåõ: ÝóÇãúäóÚóäøó ÕöÑóÇØóßó Ãóæú ÝóÃóÞúØóÚóäøó Úóäúåõãú ÕöÑóÇØóßó¡ æóÇááøóÇãõ Ýöí áóåõãú áöáúÃóÌóáö ßóÞóæúáöåö: æóÇÞúÚõÏõæÇ áóåõãú ßõáøó ãóÑúÕóÏò [ÇáÊøóæúÈóÉ: 5] .
æóÅöÖóÇÝóÉõ ÇáÕøöÑóÇØö Åöáóì ÇÓúãö ÇáúÌóáóÇáóÉö Úáì ÊóÞúÏöíÑ ÇááøÇã Ãóíö ÇáÕøöÑóÇØö ÇáøóÐöí åõæó áóßó Ãóíö ÇáøóÐöí ÌóÚóáúÊõåõ ØóÑöíÞðÇ áóßó¡ æóÇáØøóÑöíÞõ áöáøóåö åõæó ÇáúÚóãóáõ ÇáøóÐöí íóÍúÕõáõ Èöåö ãóÇ íõÑúÖöí Çááøóåó ÈöÇãúÊöËóÇáö ÃóãúÑöåö¡ æóåõæó ÝöÚúáõ ÇáúÎóíúÑóÇÊö¡ æóÊóÑúßõ ÇáÓøóíøöÆóÇÊö¡ ÝóÇáúßóáóÇãõ ÊóãúËöíáõ åóíúÆóÉö ÇáúÚóÇÒöãöíäó Úóáóì ÝöÚúáö ÇáúÎóíúÑö¡ æóÚóÒúãöåöãú Úóáóíúåö¡ æóÊóÚóÑøóÖó ÇáÔøóíúØóÇäõ áóåõãú ÈöÇáúãóäúÚö ãöäú ÝöÚúáöåö¡ ÈöåóíúÆóÉö ÇáÓøóÇÚöí Ýöí ØóÑöíÞò Åöáóì ãóÞúÕöÏò íóäúÝóÚõåõ æóÓóÚúíöåö ÅöÐóÇ ÇÚúÊóÑóÖóåõ Ýöí ØóÑöíÞöåö ÞóÇØöÚõ ØóÑöíÞò ãóäóÚóåõ ãöäó ÇáúãõÑõæÑö Ýöíåö.(8-È/47)
æóÇáÖøóãöíÑõ Ýöí áóåõãú ÖóãöíÑõ ÇáúÅöäúÓö ÇáøóÐöíäó Ïóáøó Úóáóíúåöãú ãóÞóÇãõ ÇáúãõÍóÇæóÑóÉö¡ ÇáøóÊöí ÇÎúÊõÕöÑóÊú åõäóÇ ÇÎúÊöÕóÇÑðÇ ÏóÚóÇ Åöáóíúåö ÇáöÇÞúÊöÕóÇÑõ Úóáóì ÇáúãóÞúÕõæÏö ãöäúåóÇ¡ æóåõæó ÇáöÇãúÊöäóÇäõ ÈöäöÚúãóÉö ÇáúÎóáúÞö¡ æóÇáÊøóÍúÐöíÑõ ãöäú ßóíúÏö ÚóÏõæøö ÇáúÌöäúÓö¡ ÝóÊóÝúÕöíáõ ÇáúãõÍóÇæóÑóÉö ãõÔúÚöÑñ ÈöÃóäøó Çááøóåó áóãøóÇ ÎóáóÞó ÂÏóãó ÎóÇØóÈó Ãóåúáó ÇáúãóáóÃö ÇáúÃóÚúáóì ÈöÃóäøóåõ ÎóáóÞóåõ áöíóÚúãõÑó Èöåö æóÈöäóÓúáöåö ÇáúÃóÑúÖó¡ ßóãóÇ ÃóäúÈóÃó ÈöÐóáößó Þóæúáõåõ ÊóÚóÇáóì: æóÅöÐú ÞÇáó ÑóÈøõßó áöáúãóáÇÆößóÉö Åöäøöí ÌÇÚöáñ Ýöí ÇáúÃóÑúÖö ÎóáöíÝóÉð [ÇáúÈóÞóÑóÉ: 30] ÝóÇáúÃóÑúÖõ ãóÎúáõæÞóÉñ íóæúãóÆöÐò¡ æóÎóáóÞó Çááøóåõ ÂÏóãó áöíóÚúãõÑóåóÇ ÈöÐóÑøöíøóÊöåö æóÚóáöãó ÅöÈúáöíÓõ Ðóáößó ãöäú ÅöÎúÈóÇÑö Çááøóåö ÊóÚóÇáóì ÇáúãóáóÇÆößóÉó ÝóÍóßóì Çááøóåõ ãöäú ßóáóÇãöåö ãóÇ Èöåö ÇáúÍóÇÌøóÉõ åóäóÇ: æóåõæó Þóæúáõåõ: áóÃóÞúÚõÏóäøó áóåõãú ÕöÑÇØóßó ÇáúãõÓúÊóÞöíãó ÇáúÂíóÉó æóÞóÏú ÏóáøóÊú ÂíóÉõ ÓõæÑóÉö ÇáúÍöÌúÑö Úóáóì Ãóäøó ÅöÈúáöíÓó ÐóßóÑó Ýöí ãõÍóÇæóÑóÊöåö ãóÇ Ïóáøó Úóáóì Ãóäøóåõ íõÑöíÏõ ÅöÛúæóÇÁó Ãóåúáö ÇáúÃóÑúÖö Ýöí Þóæúáöåö ÊóÚóÇáóì: ÞÇáó ÑóÈøö ÈöãÇ ÃóÛúæóíúÊóäöí áóÃõÒóíøöäóäøó áóåõãú Ýöí ÇáúÃóÑúÖö æóáóÃõÛúæöíóäøóåõãú ÃóÌúãóÚöíäó ÅöáøóÇ ÚöÈÇÏóßó ãöäúåõãõ ÇáúãõÎúáóÕöíäó [ÇáúÍÌÑ: 39¡ 40] ÝóÅöäú ßóÇäó ÂÏóãõ ÞóÏú ÎõáöÞó Ýöí ÇáúÌóäøóÉö Ýöí ÇáÓøóãóÇÁö Ëõãøó ÃõåúÈöØó Åöáóì ÇáúÃóÑúÖö ÝóÅöäøó Úöáúãó ÅöÈúáöíÓó ÈöÃóäøó ÂÏóãó íóÕöíÑõ Åöáóì ÇáúÃóÑúÖö ÞóÏú ÍóÕóáó ãöäú ÅöÎúÈóÇÑö Çááøóåö ÊóÚóÇáóì ÈöÃóäú íóÌúÚóáóåõ Ýöí ÇáúÃóÑúÖö ÎóáöíÝóÉð¡ ÝóÚóáöãó Ãóäøóåõ ÕóÇÆöÑñ Åöáóì ÇáúÃóÑúÖö ÈóÚúÏó Íöíäò¡ æóÅöäú ßóÇäó ÂÏóãõ ÞóÏú ÎõáöÞó Ýöí ÌóäøóÉò
ãöäú ÌóäøóÇÊö ÇáúÃóÑúÖö ÝóÇáúÃóãúÑõ ÙóÇåöÑñ¡ æóÊóÞóÏøóãó Ðóáößó Ýöí ÓõæÑóÉö ÇáúÈóÞóÑóÉö.
æóåóÐóÇ ÇáúßóáóÇãõ íóÏõáøõ Úóáóì Ãóäøó ÅöÈúáöíÓó Úóáöãó Ãóäøó Çááøóåó ÎóáóÞó ÇáúÈóÔóÑó áöáÕøóáóÇÍö æóÇáäøóÝúÚö¡ æóÃóäøóåõ ÃóæúÏóÚó Ýöíåöãú ãóÚúÑöÝóÉó ÇáúßóãóÇáö¡ æóÃóÚóÇäóåõãú Úóáóì ÈõáõæÛöåö ÈöÇáúÅöÑúÔóÇÏö¡ ÝóáöÐóáößó ÓõãøöíóÊú ÃóÚúãóÇáõ ÇáúÎóíúÑö¡ Ýöí ÍößóÇíóÉö ßóáóÇãö ÅöÈúáöíÓó¡ ÕÑÇØÇ ãõÓúÊóÞöíãðÇ¡ æÃÖÇÝå Åöáóì ÖóãöíÑö ÇáúÌóáóÇáóÉö¡ áöÃóäøó Çááøóåó ÏóÚóÇ Åöáóíúåö æóÇÑöÏ ãöäó ÇáäøóÇÓö Óõáõæßóåõ¡ æóáöÐóáößó ÃóíúÖðÇ ÃóáúÒóãó áóÃóÞúÚõÏóäøó áóåõãú ÕöÑÇØóßó ÇáúãõÓúÊóÞöíãó Ëãøó áÂÊíäÇåã ãöäú Èóíúäö ÃóíúÏöíåöãú æóãöäú ÎóáúÝöåöãú.
æóÈöåóÐóÇ ÇáöÇÚúÊöÈóÇÑö ßóÇäó ÅöÈúáöíÓõ ÚóÏõæøðÇ áöÈóäöí ÂÏóãó¡ áöÃóäøóåõ íóØúáõÈõ ãöäúåõãú ãóÇ áóãú íõÎúáóÞõæÇ áöÃóÌúáöåö æóãóÇ åõæó ãõäóÇÝò áöáúÝöØúÑóÉö ÇáøóÊöí ÝóØóÑó Çááøóåõ ÚóáóíúåóÇ ÇáúÈóÔóÑó¡ ÝóÇáúÚóÏóÇæóÉõ ãõÊóÃóÕøöáóÉñ æóÌöÈöáøöíøóÉñ Èóíúäó ØóÈúÚö ÇáÔøóíúØóÇäö æóÝöØúÑóÉö ÇáúÅöäúÓóÇäö ÇáÓøóÇáöãóÉö ãöäó ÇáÊøóÛúíöíÑö¡ æóÐóáößó ãóÇ ÃóÝúÕóÍó Úóäúåõ ÇáúÌóÚúáõ ÇáúÅöáóåöíøõ ÇáúãõÔóÇÑõ Åöáóíúåö ÈöÞóæúáöåö:
ÈóÚúÖõßõãú áöÈóÚúÖò ÚóÏõæøñ [ÇáúÈóÞóÑóÉ: 36] ¡(8-È/48)
æóÈöåö ÓóíóÊøóÖöÍõ ßóíúÝó ÇäúÞóáóÈóÊö ÇáúÚóÏóÇæóÉõ æöáóÇíóÉð Èóíúäó ÇáÔøóíóÇØöíäö æóÈóíúäó ÇáúÈóÔóÑö ÇáøóÐöíäó ÇÓúÊóÍóÈøõæÇ ÇáÖøóáóÇáó æóÇáúßõÝúÑó Úóáóì ÇáúÅöíãóÇäö æóÇáÕøóáóÇÍö.
æóÌõãúáóÉ: Ëãøó áÂÊíäÇåã (Ëõãøó) ÝöíåóÇ áöáÊøóÑúÊöíÈö ÇáÑøõÊúÈöíøö¡ æóåõæó ÇáÊøóÏóÑøõÌõ Ýöí ÇáúÃóÎúÈóÇÑö Åöáóì ÎóÈóÑò Ãóåóãøó áöÃóäøó ãóÖúãõæäó ÇáúÌõãúáóÉö ÇáúãóÚúØõæÝóÉö ÃóæúÞóÚõ Ýöí ÛóÑóÖö ÇáúßóáóÇãö ãöäú ãóÖúãõæäö ÇáúÌõãúáóÉö ÇáúãóÚúØõæÝö ÚóáóíúåóÇ¡ áöÃóäøó ÇáúÌõãúáóÉó ÇáúÃõæáóì ÃóÝóÇÏóÊö ÇáÊøóÑóÕøõÏó áöáúÈóÔóÑö ÈöÇáúÅöÛúæóÇÁö¡ æóÇáúÌõãúáóÉó ÇáúãóÚúØõæÝóÉó ÃóÝóÇÏóÊö ÇáÊøóåóÌøõãó Úóáóíúåöãú ÈöÔóÊøóì ÇáúæóÓóÇÆöáö.
æóßóãóÇ ÖõÑöÈó ÇáúãóËóáõ áöåóíúÆóÉö ÇáúÍöÑúÕö Úóáóì ÇáúÅöÛúæóÇÁö ÈöÇáúÞõÚõæÏö Úóáóì ÇáØøóÑöíÞö¡ ßóÐóáöß ãõËøöáóÊú åóíúÆóÉõ ÇáÊøóæóÓøõáö Åöáóì ÇáúÅöÛúæóÇÁö Èößõáøö æóÓöíáóÉò ÈöåóíúÆóÉö ÇáúÈóÇÍöËö ÇáúÍóÑöíÕö Úóáóì ÃóÎúÐö ÇáúÚóÏõæøö ÅöÐú íóÃúÊöíåö ãöäú ßõáøö ÌöåóÉò ÍóÊøóì íõÕóÇÏöÝó ÇáúÌöåóÉó ÇáøóÊöí íóÊóãóßøóäõ ÝöíåóÇ ãöäú ÃóÎúÐöåö¡ Ýóåõæó íóÃúÊöíåö ãöäú Èóíúäö íóÏóíúåö æóãöäú ÎóáúÝöåö æóÚóäú íóãöíäöåö æóÚóäú ÔöãóÇáöåö ÍóÊøóì ÊóÎõæÑó ÞõæøóÉõ ãõÏóÇÝóÚóÊöåö¡ ÝóÇáúßóáóÇãõ ÊóãúËöíáñ¡ æóáóíúÓó áöáÔøóíúØóÇäö ãóÓúáóßñ áöáúÅöäúÓóÇäö ÅöáøóÇ ãöäú äóÝúÓöåö æóÚóÞúáöåö ÈöÅöáúÞóÇÁö ÇáúæóÓúæóÓóÉö Ýöí äóÝúÓöåö¡ æóáóíúÓóÊö ÇáúÌöåóÇÊõ ÇáúÃóÑúÈóÚõ ÇáúãóÐúßõæÑóÉõ Ýöí ÇáúÂíóÉö ÈöÍóÞöíÞóÉò¡ æóáóßöäøóåóÇ ãóÌóÇÒñ ÊóãúËöíáöíøñ ÈöãóÇ åõæó ãõÊóÚóÇÑóÝñ Ýöí ãõÍóÇæóáóÉö ÇáäøóÇÓö æóãõÎóÇÊóáóÊöåöãú¡ æóáöÐóáößó áóãú íóÐúßõÑú Ýöí ÇáúÂíóÉö ÇáúÅöÊúíóÇäó ãöäú ÝóæúÞöåöãú æóãöäú ÊóÍúÊöåöãú ÅöÐú áóíúÓó Ðóáößó ãöäú ÔóÃúäö ÇáäøóÇÓö Ýöí ÇáãÎÇÊáÉ æÅáøÇ ÇáúãõåóÇÌóãóÉö.
æóÚõáøöÞó Èóíúäö ÃóíúÏöíåöãú æÎóáúÝöåöãú ÈöÍóÑúÝö (ãöäú) æÚáøÞ ÃóíúãÇäöåöãú æÔãÇáåã ÈöÍóÑúÝö Úóäú ÌóÑúíðÇ Úóáóì ãóÇ åõæó ÔóÇÆöÚñ Ýöí «áöÓóÇäö ÇáúÚóÑóÈö» Ýöí ÊóÚúÏöíóÉö ÇáúÃóÝúÚóÇáö Åöáóì ÃóÓúãóÇÁö ÇáúÌöåóÇÊö¡ æóÃóÕúáõ (Úóäú) Ýöí Þóæúáöåöãú: Úóäú íóãöíäöåö æóÚóäú ÔöãóÇáöåö ÇáúãõÌóÇæóÒóÉõ: Ãóíú ãöäú ÌöåóÉö íóãöíäöåö ãõÌóÇæöÒðÇ áóåõ æóãõÌóÇÝöíðÇ áóåõ¡ Ëõãøó ÔóÇÚó Ðóáößó ÍóÊøóì ÕóÇÑóÊú (Úóäú) ÈöãóÚúäóì Úóáóì¡ ÝóßóãóÇ íóÞõæáõæäó: ÌóáóÓó Úóáóì íóãöíäöåö
íóÞõæáõæäó: ÌóáóÓó Úóäú íóãöíäöåö¡ æóßóÐóáößó (ãöäú) Ýöí Þóæúáöåöãú ãöäú Èóíúäö íóÏóíúåö ÃóÕúáõåóÇ ÇáöÇÈúÊöÏóÇÁõ íõÞóÇáõ: ÃóÊóÇåõ ãöäú Èóíúäö íóÏóíúåö¡ Ãóíú ãöäó ÇáúãóßóÇäö ÇáúãõæóÇÌöåö áóåõ¡ Ëõãøó ÔóÇÚó Ðóáößó ÍóÊøóì ÕóÇÑóÊú (ãöäú) ÈöãóäúÒöáóÉö ÇáúÍóÑúÝö ÇáÒøóÇÆöÏö íõÌóÑøõ ÈöåóÇ ÇáÙøóÑúÝõ ÝóáöÐóáößó ÌóÑóÊú ÈöåóÇ ÇáÙøõÑõæÝõ ÇáúãõáóÇÒöãóÉõ áöáÙøóÑúÝöíøóÉö ãöËúáó ÚöäúÏó¡ áöÃóäøó(8-È/49)
æõÌõæÏó (ãöäú) ßóÇáúÚóÏóãö¡ æóÞóÏú ÞóÇáó ÇáúÍóÑöíÑöíøõ Ýöí «ÇáúãóÞóÇãóÉö ÇáäøóÍúæöíøóÉö» (ãóÇ ãóäúÕõæÈñ Úóáóì ÇáÙøóÑúÝö áóÇ íóÎúÝöÖõåõ Óöæóì ÍóÑúÝò: «Ýóåöíó åõäóÇ ÒóÇÆöÏóÉñ æóíóÌõæÒõ ÇÚúÊöÈóÇÑõåóÇ ÇÈúÊöÏóÇÆöíøóÉð.
æóÇáúÃóíúãóÇäõ ÌóãúÚõ íóãöíäò¡ æóÇáúíóãöíäõ åõäóÇ ÌóÇäöÈñ ãöäú ÌöÓúãö ÇáúÅöäúÓóÇäö íóßõæäõ ãöäú ÌöåóÉö ÇáúÞõØúÈö ÇáúÌóäõæÈöíøö ÅöÐóÇ ÇÓúÊóÞúÈóáó ÇáúãóÑúÁõ ãóÔúÑöÞó ÇáÔøóãúÓö¡ ÊóÚóÇÑóÝóåõ ÇáäøóÇÓõ¡ ÝóÔóÇÚóÊú ãóÚúÑöÝóÊõåõ æóáóÇ íóÔúÚõÑõæäó ÈöÊóØúÈöíÞö ÇáÖøóÇÈöØö ÇáøóÐöí ÐóßóÑúäóÇåõ¡ ÝóÇáúíóãöíäõ ÌöåóÉñ íõÊóÚóÑøóÝõ ÈöåóÇ ãóæóÇÞöÚõ ÇáúÃóÚúÖóÇÁö ãöäó ÇáúÈóÏóäö íõÞóÇáõ ÇáúÚóíúäõ Çáúíõãúäóì æóÇáúíóÏõ Çáúíõãúäóì æóäóÍúæõ Ðóáößó. æóÊõÊóÚóÑøóÝõ ÈöåóÇ ãóæóÇÞöÚõ ãöäú ÛóíúÑöåóÇ ÞóÇáó ÊóÚóÇáóì: ÞÇáõæÇ Åöäøóßõãú ßõäúÊõãú ÊóÃúÊõæäóäÇ Úóäö Çáúíóãöíäö [ÇáÕÇÝÇÊ: 28] . æóÞóÇáó ÇãúÑõÄõ ÇáúÞóíúÓö:
Úóáóì ÞóØóäò ÈöÇáÔøóíúãö Ãóíúãóäõ ÕóæúÈöåö áÐóáöß ÞóÇáó ÃÆãøÉ ÇááøõÛóÉö ÓõãøöíóÊú ÈöáóÇÏõ Çáúíóãóäö íóãóäðÇ áöÃóäøóåõ Úóäú íóãöíäö ÇáúßóÚúÈóÉö¡ ÝóÇÚúÊóÈóÑõæÇ ÇáúßóÚúÈóÉó ßóÔóÎúÕò ãõÓúÊóÞúÈöáò ãóÔúÑöÞó ÇáÔøóãúÓö ÝóÇáÑøõßúäõ ÇáúíóãóÇäöíøõ ãöäúåóÇ æóåõæó ÒóÇæöíóÉõ ÇáúÌöÏóÇÑö ÇáøóÐöí Ýöíåö ÇáúÍóÌóÑõ ÇáúÃóÓúæóÏõ ÈöÇÚúÊöÈóÇÑö ÇáúíóÏö Çáúíõãúäóì ãöäó ÇáúÅöäúÓóÇäö¡ æóáóÇ íõÏúÑóì ÃóÕúáõ ÇÔúÊöÞóÇÞö ßóáöãóÉö (íóãöíäò) ¡ æóáóÇ Ãóäøó Çáúíõãúäó ÃóÕúáñ áóåóÇ Ãóæú ÝóÑúÚñ ÚóäúåóÇ¡ æóÇáúÃóíúãóÇäõ ÌóãúÚñ ÞöíóÇÓöíøñ.
æóÇáÔøóãóÇÆöáõ ÌóãúÚõ ÔöãóÇáò æóåöíó ÇáúÌöåóÉõ ÇáøóÊöí Êóßõæäõ ÔöãóÇáðÇ áöãõÓúÊóÞúÈóáö ãóÔúÑöÞö ÇáÔøóãúÓö¡ æóåõæó ÌóãúÚñ Úóáóì ÛóíúÑö ÞöíóÇÓò.
æóÞóæúáõåõ: æóáÇ ÊóÌöÏõ ÃóßúËóÑóåõãú ÔÇßöÑöíäó ÒöíóÇÏóÉñ Ýöí ÈóíóÇäö ÞõæøóÉö ÅöÖúáóÇáöåö ÈöÍóíúËõ áóÇ íõÝúáöÊõ ãöäó ÇáúæõÞõæÚö Ýöí ÍóÈóÇÆöáöåö ÅöáøóÇ ÇáúÞóáöíáõ ãöäó ÇáäøóÇÓö¡ æóÞóÏú Úõáöãó Ðóáößó ÈöÚöáúãö ÇáúÍóÏúÓö æóÊóÑúÊöíÈö ÇáúãõÓóÈøöÈóÇÊö.
æóßõäöíó ÈöäóÝúíö ÇáÔøõßúÑö Úóäö ÇáúßõÝúÑö ÅöÐú áóÇ æóÇÓöØóÉó ÈóíúäóåõãóÇ ßóãóÇ ÞóÇáó ÊóÚóÇáóì: æóÇÔúßõÑõæÇ áöí æóáÇ ÊóßúÝõÑõæäö [ÇáúÈóÞóÑóÉ: 152] æóæóÌúåõ åóÐöåö ÇáúßöäóÇíóÉö¡ Åöäú ßóÇäóÊú ãóÍúßöíøóÉð ßóãóÇ ÕóÏóÑóÊú ãöäú ßóáóÇãö ÅöÈúáöíÓó¡ Ãóäøóåõ ÃóÑóÇÏó ÇáúÃóÏóÈó ãóÚó Çááøóåö ÊóÚóÇáóì Ýóáóãú íõÕóÑøöÍú Èóíúäó íóÏóíúåö ÈößõÝúÑö ÃóÊúÈóÇÚöåö ÇáúãõÞúÊóÖöí Ãóäøóåõ íóÃúãõÑõåõãú ÈöÇáúßõÝúÑö¡ æóÅöäú ßóÇäóÊú ãöäú ßóáóÇãö Çááøóåö(8-È/50)
ÞóÇáó ÇÎúÑõÌú ãöäúåóÇ ãóÐúÁõæãðÇ ãóÏúÍõæÑðÇ áóãóäú ÊóÈöÚóßó ãöäúåõãú áóÃóãúáóÃóäøó Ìóåóäøóãó ãöäúßõãú ÃóÌúãóÚöíäó (18)
ÊóÚóÇáóì ÝóÝöíåóÇ ÊóäúÈöíåñ Úóáóì Ãóäøó ÇáúãõÔúÑößöíäó ÈöÇááøóåö ÞóÏú ÃóÊóæúÇ ÃóãúÑðÇ ÔóäöíÚðÇ ÅöÐú áóãú íóÔúßõÑõæÇ äöÚóãóåõ ÇáÌãøÉ Úóáóíúåöã.
[18]
[ÓõæÑóÉ ÇáúÃóÚúÑóÇÝ (7) : ÂíóÉ 18]
ÞÇáó ÇÎúÑõÌú ãöäúåÇ ãóÐúÄõãÇð ãóÏúÍõæÑÇð áóãóäú ÊóÈöÚóßó ãöäúåõãú áóÃóãúáóÃóäøó Ìóåóäøóãó ãöäúßõãú ÃóÌúãóÚöíäó (18)
ÃóÚóÇÏó Çááøóåõ ÃóãúÑóåõ ÈöÇáúÎõÑõæÌö ãöäó ÇáÓøóãóÇÁö ÊóÃúßöíÏðÇ áöáúÃóãúÑóíúäö ÇáúÃóæøóáö æÇáËøÇäí: ÞóÇáó: ÝóÇåúÈöØú ãöäúåÇ- Åöáóì Þóæúáå- ÝóÇÎúÑõÌú [ÇáúÃóÚúÑóÇÝ: 13] .
æóãóÐúÁõæãñ ÇÓúãõ ãóÝúÚõæáò ãöäú ÐóÃóãóåõ- ãóåúãõæÒðÇ- ÅöÐóÇ ÚóÇÈóåõ æóÐóãøóåõ ÐóÃúãðÇ æóÞóÏú ÊõÓóåøóáõ åóãúÒóÉõ ÐóÃóãó ÝóÊóÕöíÑõ ÃóáöÝðÇ ÝóíõÞóÇáõ ÐóÇãó æóáóÇ ÊõÓóåøóáõ Ýöí ÈóÞöíøóÉö ÊóÕóÇÑöíÝöåö.
ãóÏúÍõæÑñ ãóÝúÚõæáñ ãöäú ÏóÍóÑóåõ ÅöÐóÇ ÃóÈúÚóÏóåõ æóÃóÞúÕóÇåõ¡ Ãóíö: ÇÎúÑõÌú ÎõÑõæÌó ãóÐúãõæãò ãóØúÑõæÏò¡ ÝóÇáÐøóãøõ áöãóÇ ÇÊøóÕóÝó Èöåö ãöäó ÇáÑøóÐóÇÆöáö¡ æóÇáØøóÑúÏõ áöÊóäúÒöíåö ÚóÇáóãö ÇáúÞõÏõÓö Úóäú ãõÎóÇáóØóÊöåö.
æóÇááøóÇãõ Ýöí áóãóäú ÊóÈöÚóßó ãõæóØøöÆóÉñ áöáúÞóÓóãö.
æó (ãóäú) ÔóÑúØöíøóÉñ¡ æóÇááøóÇãõ Ýöí áóÃóãúáóÃóäøó áóÇãõ ÌóæóÇÈö ÇáúÞÓã¡ æóÇáúÌóæóÇÈ ÓóÇÏ ãóÓóÏøó ÌóæóÇÈö ÇáÔøóÑúØö¡ æóÇáÊøóÞúÏöíÑõ: ÃõÞúÓöãõ ãóäú ÊóÈöÚóßó ãöäúåõãú áóÃóãúáóÃóäøó Ìóåóäøóãó ãöäúåõãú æóãöäúßó¡ æóÛõáøöÈó Ýöí ÇáÖøóãöíÑö ÍóÇáõ ÇáúÎöØóÇÈö áöÃóäøó ÇáúÝóÑúÏó ÇáúãóæúÌõæÏó ãöäú åóÐóÇ ÇáúÚõãõæãö åõæó ÇáúãõÎóÇØóÈõ¡ æóåõæó ÅöÈúáöíÓõ¡ æóáöÃóäøóåõ ÇáúãóÞúÕõæÏõ ÇÈúÊöÏóÇÁð ãöäú åóÐóÇ ÇáúæóÚöíÏö áöÃóäøóåõ æóÚöíÏñ Úóáóì ÝöÚúáöåö¡ æóÃóãøóÇ æóÚöíÏõ ÇÊøöÈóÇÚöåö ÝóÈöÇáÊøóÈóÚö áóåõ¡ ÈöÎöáóÇÝö ÇáÖøóãöíÑö Ýöí ÂíóÉö ÇáúÍöÌúÑö [43] æóåõæó Þóæúáõåõ: æóÅöäøó Ìóåóäøóãó áóãóæúÚöÏõåõãú ÃóÌúãóÚöíäó [ÇáúÍÌÑ: 43] áöÃóäøóåõ ÌóÇÁó ÈóÚúÏó ÇáúÅöÚúÑóÇÖ Úóä æÚíÏå ÈöÝöÚúáöåö æóÇáöÇåúÊöãóÇãö ÈöÈóíóÇäö ãóÑúÊóÈóÉö ÚöÈóÇÏö Çááøóåö ÇáúãõÎúáóÕöíäó ÇáøóÐöíäó áóíúÓó áöÅöÈúáöíÓó Úóáóíúåöãú ÓõáúØóÇäñ Ëõãøó ÇáöÇåúÊöãóÇãõ ÈöæóÚöíÏö ÇáúÛóÇæöíäó.
æóåóÐóÇ ßóÞóæúáöåö ÊóÚóÇáóì Ýöí ÓõæÑóÉö ÇáúÍöÌúÑö(8-È/51)
æóíóÇ ÂÏóãõ ÇÓúßõäú ÃóäúÊó æóÒóæúÌõßó ÇáúÌóäøóÉó ÝóßõáóÇ ãöäú ÍóíúËõ ÔöÆúÊõãóÇ æóáóÇ ÊóÞúÑóÈóÇ åóÐöåö ÇáÔøóÌóÑóÉó ÝóÊóßõæäóÇ ãöäó ÇáÙøóÇáöãöíäó (19)
: ÞÇáó åóÐóÇ ÕöÑÇØñ Úóáóíøó ãõÓúÊóÞöíãñ Åöäøó ÚöÈÇÏöí áóíúÓó áóßó Úóáóíúåöãú ÓõáúØÇäñ ÅöáøóÇ ãóäö ÇÊøóÈóÚóßó ãöäó ÇáúÛÇæöíäó æóÅöäøó Ìóåóäøóãó áóãóæúÚöÏõåõãú ÃóÌúãóÚöíäó.
æóÇáÊøóÃúßöíÏõ Èö ÃóÌúãóÚöíäó áöáÊøóäúÕöíÕö Úóáóì ÇáúÚõãõæãö áöÆóáøóÇ íõÍúãóáó Úóáóì ÇáÊøóÛúáöíÈö¡ æóÐóáößó Ãóäøó ÇáúßóáóÇãó ÌóÑóì Úóáóì ÃõãøóÉò ÈöÚõäúæóÇäö ßóæúäöåöãú ÃóÊúÈóÇÚðÇ áöæóÇÍöÏò¡ æóÇáúÚóÑóÈõ ÞóÏú ÊõÌúÑöí ÇáúÚõãõæãó Ýöí ãöËúáö åóÐóÇ Úóáóì ÇáúãóÌúãõæÚ Ïæä ÇáúÌãÚ¡ ßóãóÇ íóÞõæáõæäó: ÞóÊóáóÊú Êóãöíãñ ÝõáóÇäðÇ¡ æóÅöäøóãóÇ ÞóÊóáóåõ ÈóÚúÖõåõãú¡ ÞóÇáó ÇáäøóÇÈöÛóÉõ Ýöí ÔóÃúäö Èóäöí Íõäøò (ÈöÍóÇÁò ãõåúãóáóÉò ãóÖúãõæãóÉò) :
æóåõãú ÞóÊóáõæÇ ÇáØøóÇÆöíøó ÈÇáÌæø ÚäúæóÉ [19]
[ÓõæÑóÉ ÇáúÃóÚúÑóÇÝ (7) : ÂíóÉ 19]
æóíÇ ÂÏóãõ ÇÓúßõäú ÃóäúÊó æóÒóæúÌõßó ÇáúÌóäøóÉó ÝóßõáÇ ãöäú ÍóíúËõ ÔöÆúÊõãÇ æóáÇ ÊóÞúÑóÈÇ åÐöåö ÇáÔøóÌóÑóÉó ÝóÊóßõæäÇ ãöäó ÇáÙøóÇáöãöíäó (19)
ÇáúæóÇæõ ãöäú Þóæúáöåö: æóíÇ ÂÏóãõ ÚóÇØöÝóÉñ Úóáóì ÌõãúáóÉö: ÇÎúÑõÌú ãöäúåÇ ãóÐúÄõãÇð ãóÏúÍõæÑÇð [ÇáúÃóÚúÑóÇÝ: 18] ÇáúÂíóÉó¡ ÝóåóÐöåö ÇáúæóÇæõ ãöäó ÇáúãóÍúßöíøö áóÇ ãöäó ÇáúÍößóÇíóÉö¡ ÝóÇáäøöÏóÇÁõ æóÇáúÃóãúÑõ ãöäú ÌõãúáóÉö
ÇáúãóÞõæáö ÇáúãóÍúßöíøö íõÞóÇáõ: Ãóíú ÞóÇáó Çááøóåõ áöÅöÈúáöíÓó ÇÎúÑõÌú ãöäúåóÇ æóÞóÇáó áöÂÏóãó æóíÇ ÂÏóãõ ÇÓúßõäú¡ æóåóÐóÇ ãöäú ÚóØúÝö ÇáúãõÊóßóáøöãö ÈóÚúÖó ßóáóÇãöåö Úóáóì ÈóÚúÖò¡ ÅöÐóÇ ßóÇäó áöÈóÚúÖö ßóáóÇãöåö ÇÊøöÕóÇáñ æóÊóäóÇÓõÈñ ãóÚó ÈóÚúÖöåö ÇáúÂÎóÑö¡ æóáóãú íóßõäú ÃóÍóÏõ ÇáúßóáóÇãóíúäö ãõæóÌøóåðÇ Åöáóì ÇáøóÐöí æõÌøöåó Åöáóíúåö ÇáúßóáóÇãõ ÇáúÂÎóÑõ¡ ãóÚó ÇÊøöÍóÇÏö ãóÞóÇãö ÇáúßóáóÇãö¡ ßóãóÇ íóÝúÚóáõ ÇáúãõÊóßóáøöãõ ãóÚó ãõÊóÚóÏøöÏöíäó Ýöí ãóÌúáöÓò æóÇÍöÏò ÝóíõÞúÈöáõ Úóáóì ßõáøö ãõÎóÇØóÈò ãöäúåõãú ÈößóáóÇãò íóÎõÕøõåõ æóãöäúåõ
Þóæá ÇáäøÈíÁ Õóáøóì Çááåõ Úóáóíúåö æóÓóáøóãó Ýöí ÞóÖöíøóÉö ÇáÑøóÌõáö æóÇáúÃóäúÕóÇÑöíøö ÇáøóÐöí ßóÇäó ÇÈúäõ ÇáÑøóÌõáö ÚóÓöíÝðÇ Úóáóíúåö: «æóÇáøóÐöí äóÝúÓöí ÈöíóÏöåö áóÃóÞúÖöíóäøó ÈóíúäóßõãóÇ ÈößöÊóÇÈö Çááøóåö ÚóÒøó æóÌóáøó ÃóãøóÇ ÇáúÛóäóãõ æóÇáúÌóÇÑöíóÉõ ÝóÑóÏøñ Úóáóíúßó æóÚóáóì ÇÈúäößó ÌóáúÏõ ãöÇÆóÉò æóÊóÛúÑöíÈõ ÚóÇãò¡ æóÇÛóÏõ íóÇ ÃõäóíúÓõ Úóáóì ÒóæúÌóÉö åóÐóÇ ÝóÅöäö ÇÚúÊóÑóÝóÊú ÝóÇÑúÌõãúåóÇ» ¡
æóãöäú ÃõÓúáõæÈö åóÐöåö ÇáúÂíóÉö ãóÇ Ýöí Þóæúáå ÊóÚóÇáóì: ÞÇáó Åöäøóåõ ãöäú ßóíúÏößõäøó Åöäøó ßóíúÏóßõäøó ÚóÙöíãñ íõæÓõÝõ ÃóÚúÑöÖú Úóäú åóÐóÇ æóÇÓúÊóÛúÝöÑöí áöÐóäúÈößö [íõæÓõÝ: 28¡ 29] ÍößóÇíóÉð áößóáóÇãö ÇáúÚóÒöíÒö¡ Ãóíö ÇáúÚóÒöíÒö ÚóØóÝó ÎöØóÇÈó ÇãúÑóÃóÊöåö Úóáóì ÎöØóÇÈöåö áöíõæÓõÝó.(8-È/52)
ÝóáóíúÓóÊö ÇáúæóÇæõ Ýöí Þóæúáöåö: æóíÇ ÂÏóãõ ÇÓúßõäú ÈöÚóÇØöÝóÉò Úóáóì ÃóÝúÚóÇáö ÇáúÞóæúáö ÇáøóÊöí ÞóÈúáóåóÇ ÍóÊøóì íóßõæäó ÊóÞúÏöíÑõ ÇáúßóáóÇãö: æóÞõáúäóÇ íóÇ ÂÏóãõ ÇÓúßõäú¡ áÃäø Ðóáöß íÝíÊ ÇáäøõßóÊó ÇáøóÊöí ÐóßóÑúäóÇåóÇ¡ æóÐóáößó Ýöí ÍóÖúÑóÉò æóÇÍöÏóÉò ßóÇäó ÝöíåóÇ ÂÏóãõ æóÇáúãóáóÇÆößóÉõ æóÅöÈúáöíÓõ ÍõÖõæÑðÇ.
æóÝöí ÊóæúÌöíåö ÇáúÎöØóÇÈö áöÂÏóãó ÈöåóÐöåö ÇáúÝóÖöíáóÉö ÈöÍõÖõæÑö ÅöÈúáöíÓó ÈóÚúÏó ØóÑúÏöåö ÒöíóÇÏóÉõ ÅöåóÇäóÉò¡ áöÃóäøó ÅöÚúØóÇÁó ÇáäøöÚóãö áöãóÑúÖöíøò Úóáóíúåö Ýöí Íöíäö ÚöÞóÇÈö ãóäö ÇÓúÊóÃúåóáó ÇáúÚöÞóÇÈó ÒöíóÇÏóÉõ ÍóÓúÑóÉò Úáì ÇáãÚÇÞÈ¡ æÅÙåÇÑÇ áöáÊøóÝóÇæõÊö Èóíúäó ãõÓúÊóÍöÞøö ÇáúÅöäúÚóÇãö æóãõÓúÊóÍöÞøö ÇáúÚõÞõæÈóÉö ÝóáóÇ íõÝöíÏõ ÇáúßóáóÇãõ ãöäó ÇáúãóÚóÇäöí ãóÇ ÃóÝóÇÏóåõ ÇáúÚóØúÝõ Úóáóì ÇáúãóÞõæáö ÇáúãóÍúßöíøö¡ æóáöÃóäøóåõ áóæú ÃõÑöíÏó Ðóáößó áóÃõÚöíÏó ÝöÚúáõ ÇáúÞóæúáö. Ëõãøó Åöäú ßóÇäó ÂÏóãõ ÎõáöÞó Ýöí ÇáúÌóäøóÉö¡ ÝóßóÇäó ãõÓúÊóÞöÑøðÇ ÈöåóÇ ãöäú ÞóÈúáõ¡ ÝóÇáúÃóãúÑõ Ýöí Þóæúáöåö: ÇÓúßõäú ÅöäøóãóÇ åõæó ÃóãúÑõ ÊóÞúÑöíÑò: Ãóíö ÇÈúÞó Ýöí ÇáúÌóäøóÉö¡ æóÅöäú ßóÇäó ÂÏóãõ ÞóÏú ÎõáöÞó ÎóÇÑöÌó ÇáúÌóäøóÉö ÝóÇáúÃóãúÑõ áöáúÅöÐúäö ÊóßúÑöíãðÇ áóåõ¡ æóÃóíøðÇ ãóÇ ßóÇäó ÝóÝöí åóÐóÇ ÇáúÃóãúÑö¡ ÈöãóÓúãóÚò ãöäú ÅöÈúáöíÓó¡ ãóÞúãóÚóÉñ áöÅöÈúáöíÓó¡ áöÃóäøóåõ Åöäú ßóÇäó ÅöÈúáöíÓõ ãõÓúÊóÞöÑøðÇ Ýöí ÇáúÌóäøóÉö ãöäú ÞóÈúáõ ÝóÇáúÞóãúÚõ ÙóÇåöÑñ ÅöÐú ÃóØúÑóÏóåõ Çááøóåõ æóÃóÓúßóäó ÇáøóÐöí ÊóßóÈøóÑó åõæó Úóäö ÇáÓøõÌõæÏö Åöáóíúåö Ýöí ÇáúãóßóÇäö ÇáúãõÔóÑøóÝö ÇáøóÐöí ßóÇäó áóåõ ÞóÈúáó ÊóßóÈøõÑöåö¡ æóÅöäú áóãú íóßõäú ÅöÈúáöíÓõ ÓóÇßöäðÇ Ýöí ÇáúÌóäøóÉö ÞóÈúáõ ÝóÅößúÑóÇãõ ÇáøóÐöí ÇÍúÊóÞóÑóåõ æóÊóÑóÝøóÚó Úóáóíúåö ÞóãúÚñ áóåõ¡ ÝóÞóÏú Ïóáøó ãóæúÞöÚõ åóÐóÇ ÇáúßóáóÇãö¡ Ýöí åóÐöåö ÇáÓøõæÑóÉö¡ Úóáóì ãóÚúäðì ÚóÙöíãò ãöäú ÞóãúÚö ÅöÈúáöíÓó¡ ÒóÇÆöÏò Úóáóì ãóÇ Ýöí ÂíóÉö ÓõæÑóÉö ÇáúÈóÞóÑóÉö¡ æóÅöäú ßóÇäóÊóÇ ãõÊóãóÇËöáóÊóíúäö Ýöí ÇááøóÝúÙö¡ æóáóßöäøó åóÐóÇ ÇáúãóÚúäóì ÇáúÈóÏöíÚó ÇÓúÊõÝöíÏó ãöäó ÇáúãóæúÞöÚö æóåóÐóÇ ãöäú ÈóÏóÇÆöÚö ÅöÚúÌóÇÒö ÇáúÞõÑúÂäö.
æóæõÌöÏó ÅöíËóÇÑõ åóÐöåö ÇáúÂíóÉö ÈöåóÐöåö ÇáúÎõÕõæÕöíøóÉö Åöäøó åóÐóÇ ÇáúßóáóÇãó ãóÓõæÞñ Åöáóì ÇáúãõÔúÑößöíäó ÇáøóÐöíäó ÇÊøóÎóÐõæÇ ÇáÔøóíúØóÇäó æóáöíøðÇ ãöäú Ïõæäö Çááøóåö¡ ÝóÃóãøóÇ ãóÇ Ýöí ÓõæÑóÉö ÇáúÈóÞóÑóÉö ÝóÅöäøóåõ áöãóæúÚöÙóÉö Èóäöí ÅöÓúÑóÇÆöíáó¡ æóåõãú
ãöãøóäú íóÍúÐóÑõ ÇáÔøóíúØóÇäó æóáóÇ íóÊøóÈöÚõ ÎõØõæóÇÊöåö.
æóÇáäøöÏóÇÁõ áöáúÅöÞúÈóÇáö Úóáóì ÂÏóãó æóÇáÊøóäúæöíåö ÈöÐößúÑöåö Ýöí Ðóáößó ÇáúãóáóÃö. æóÇáúÅöÊúíóÇäõ ÈöÇáÖøóãöíÑö ÇáúãõäúÝóÕöáö ÈóÚúÏó ÇáúÃóãúÑö¡ áöÞóÕúÏö ÒöíóÇÏóÉö ÇáÊøóäúßöíáö ÈöÅöÈúáöíÓó áöÃóäøó ÐößúÑó ÖóãöíÑöåö Ýöí ãóÞóÇãö ÇáúÚóØúÝö íõÐóßøöÑõ ÛóíúÑóåõ ÈöÃóäøóåõ áóíúÓó ãöËúáóåõ¡ ÅöÐö ÇáÖøóãöíÑõ æóÅöäú ßóÇäó ãöäú ÞóÈöíáö ÇááøóÞóÈö æóáóíúÓó áóåõ ãóÝúåõæãõ ãõÎóÇáóÝóÉò ÝóÅöäøóåõ ÞóÏú íõÝöíÏõ ÇáöÇÍúÊöÑóÇÒó Úóäú ÛóíúÑö ÕóÇÍöÈö ÇáÖøóãöíÑö ÈöÇáúÞóÑöíäóÉö Úóáóì ØóÑöíÞóÉö ÇáÊøóÚúÑöíÖö æóáóÇ íóãúäóÚõ ãöäú åóÐóÇ ÇáöÇÚúÊöÈóÇÑö Ýöí ÇáÖøóãöíÑö ßóæúäõ ÅöÙúåóÇÑöåö áöÃóÌúáö ÊóÍúÓöíäö Ãóæú ÊóÕúÍöíÍö ÇáúÚóØúÝö Úóáóì ÇáÖøóãöíÑö ÇáúãóÑúÝõæÚö ÇáúãõÓúÊóÊöÑö¡ áöÃóäøó(8-È/53)
ÊóÕúÍöíÍó Ãóæú ÊóÍúÓöíäó ÇáúÚóØúÝö íóÍúÕõáõ Èößõáøö ÝóÇÕöáò Èóíúäó ÇáúÝöÚúá ÇáÑÇÝÚ ááãÓÊÊÑ æóÈóíúäó ÇáúãóÚúØõæÝö¡ áóÇ ÎõÕõæÕó ÇáÖøóãöíÑö¡ ßóÃóäú íõÞóÇáó: æóíóÇ ÂÏóãõ ÇÓúßõäö ÇáúÌóäøóÉó æóÒóæúÌõßó¡ ÝóãóÇ ÇÎúÊöíÑó ÇáúÝóÕúáõ ÈöÇáÖøóãöíÑö ÇáúãõäúÝóÕöáö ÅöáøóÇ áöãóÇ íõÝöíÏõ ãöäó ÇáÊøóÚúÑöíÖö ÈöÛóíúÑöåö. æóåóÐöåö äõßúÊóÉñ ÝóÇÊóäöí ÇáúÚöáúãõ ÈöåóÇ Ýöí ÂíóÉö ÓõæÑóÉö ÇáúÈóÞóÑóÉö ÝóÖõãøóåóÇ ÅöáóíúåóÇ ÃóíúÖðÇ.
æóÇáúßóáóÇãõ Úóáóì Þóæúáöåö: ÇÓúßõäú ÃóäúÊó æóÒóæúÌõßó ÇáúÌóäøóÉó ÝóßõáÇ ãöäú ÍóíúËõ ÔöÆúÊõãÇ æóáÇ ÊóÞúÑóÈÇ åÐöåö ÇáÔøóÌóÑóÉó ÝóÊóßõæäÇ ãöäó ÇáÙøóÇáöãöíäó íõÚúáóãõ ãöãøóÇ ãóÖóì ãöäó ÇáúßóáóÇãö Úóáóì äóÙöíÑöåö ãöäú ÓõæÑóÉö ÇáúÈóÞóÑóÉö.
Óöæóì Ãóäøó ÇáøóÐöí æóÞóÚó Ýöí ÓõæÑóÉö ÇáúÈóÞóÑóÉö [35] æóßõáÇ ÈöÇáúæóÇæö æóåõäóÇ ÈöÇáúÝóÇÁö¡ æóÇáúÚóØúÝõ ÈöÇáúæóÇæö ÃóÚóãøõ¡ ÝóÇáúÂíóÉõ åõäóÇ ÃóÝóÇÏóÊú Ãóäøó Çááøóåó ÊóÚóÇáóì ÃóÐöäó ÂÏóãó ÈöÃóäú íóÊóãóÊøóÚó ÈöËöãóÇÑö ÇáúÌóäøóÉö ÚóÞöÈó ÃóãúÑöåö ÈöÓõßúäóì ÇáúÌóäøóÉö. æóÊöáúßó ãöäøóÉñ ÚóÇÌöáóÉñ ÊõÄúÐöäõ ÈöÊóãóÇãö ÇáúÅößúÑóÇãö¡ æóáóãøóÇ ßóÇäó Ðóáößó ÍóÇÕöáðÇ Ýöí Êöáúßó ÇáúÍóÖúÑóÉö¡ æóßóÇäó Ýöíåö ÒöíóÇÏóÉõ ÊóäúÛöíÕò áöÅöÈúáöíÓó¡ ÇáøóÐöí ÊóßóÈøóÑó æóÝóÖøóáó äóÝúÓóåõ Úóáóíúåö¡ ßóÇäó ÇáúÍóÇáõ ãõÞúÊóÖöíðÇ ÅöÚúáóÇãó ÇáÓøóÇãöÚöíäó Èöåö Ýöí ÇáúãóÞóÇãö ÇáøóÐöí Íõßöíó Ýöíåö ÇáúÛóÖóÈõ Úóáóì ÅöÈúáöíÓó æóØóÑúÏõåõ¡ æóÃóãøóÇ ÂíóÉõ ÇáúÈóÞóÑóÉö ÝóÅöäøóãóÇ ÃóÝóÇÏóÊö ÇáÓøóÇãöÚöíäó Ãóäøó Çááøóåó ÇãúÊóäøó Úóáóì ÂÏóãó ÈöãöäøóÉö Óõßúäóì ÇáúÌóäøóÉö æóÇáÊøóãóÊøõÚö ÈöËöãóÇÑöåóÇ¡ áöÃóäøó ÇáúãóÞóÇãó åõäóÇáößó áöÊóÐúßöíÑö Èóäöí ÅöÓúÑóÇÆöíáó ÈöÝóÖúáö ÂÏóãó æóÈöÐóäúÈöåö æóÊóæúÈóÊöåö¡ æóÇáÊøóÍúÐöíÑö ãöäú ßóíúÏö ÇáÔøóíúØóÇäö Ðóáößó ÇáúßóíúÏõ ÇáøóÐöí åõãú æóÇÞöÚõæäó Ýöí ÔóíúÁò ãöäúåõ ÚóÙöíãò.
Úóáóì Ãóäøó ÂíóÉó ÇáúÈóÞóÑóÉö [35] áóãú ÊóÎúáõ Úóäú ÐößúÑö ãóÇ Ýöíåö ÊóßúÑöãóÉñ áóåõ æóåõæó Þóæúáõåõ: ÑóÛóÏÇð áöÃóäøóåõ ãóÏúÍñ áöáúãõãúÊóäøö Èöåö Ãóæú ÏõÚóÇÁñ áöÂÏóãó¡ ÝóÍóÕóáó ãöäú ãóÌúãõæÚö ÇáúÂíóÊóíúäö ÚöÏøóÉõ ãóßóÇÑöãó áöÂÏóãó¡ æóÞóÏú æõÒøöÚóÊú Úóáóì ÚóÇÏóÉö ÇáúÞõÑúÂäö Ýöí ÊóæúÒöíÚö ÃóÛúÑóÇÖö ÇáúÞóÕóÕö Úóáóì ãóæóÇÞöÚöåóÇ¡ áöíóÍúÕõáó ÊóÌúÏöíÏõ ÇáúÝóÇÆöÏóÉö¡ ÊóäúÔöíØðÇ áöáÓøóÇãöÚö¡ æóÊóÝóäøõäðÇ Ýöí ÃóÓóÇáöíÈö ÇáúÍßóÇíóÉö¡ áöÃóäøó ÇáúÛóÑóÖó ÇáúÃóåóãøó ãöäó ÇáúÞóÕóÕö Ýöí ÇáúÞõÑúÂäö ÅöäøóãóÇ åõæó ÇáúÚöÈúÑóÉõ æóÇáúãóæúÚöÙóÉõ æóÇáÊøóÃóÓøöí.
æóÞóæúáõåõ: æóáÇ ÊóÞúÑóÈÇ åÐöåö ÇáÔøóÌóÑóÉó ÃóÔóÏøõ Ýöí ÇáÊøóÍúÐöíÑö ãöäú Ãóäú íóäúåóì Úóäö ÇáúÃóßúáö ãöäúåóÇ¡ áöÃóäøó Çáäøóåúíó Úóäú ÞõÑúÈóÇäöåóÇ ÓóÏøñ áöÐóÑöíÚóÉö ÇáúÃóßúáö ãöäúåóÇ æóÞóÏú ÊóÞóÏøóãó äóÙöíÑõåõ Ýöí ÓõæÑóÉö ÇáúÈóÞóÑóÉö.(8-È/54)
æóÇáäøóåúíõ Úóäú ÞõÑúÈóÇäö ÔóÌóÑóÉò ÎóÇÕøóÉò ãöäú ÔóÌóÑö ÇáúÌóäøóÉö: íõÍúÊóãóáõ Ãóäú íóßõæäó äóåúíó ÇÈúÊöáóÇÁò. ÌóÚóáó Çááøóåõ ÔóÌóÑóÉð ãõÓúÊóËúäóÇÉð ãöäú ÔóÌóÑö ÇáúÌóäøóÉö ãöäö ÇáúÅöÐúäö ÈöÇáúÃóßúáö ãöäúåóÇ ÊóåúíöÆóÉð áöáÊøóßúáöíÝö ÈöãõÞóÇæóãóÉö ÇáÔøóåúæóÉö áöÇãúÊöËóÇáö Çáäøóåúíö. ÝóáöÐóáößó ÌóÚóáó Çáäøóåúíó Úóäú ÊóäóÇæõáöåóÇ ãóÍúÝõæÝóÉð ÈöÇáúÃóÔúÌóÇÑö ÇáúãóÃúÐõæäö ÝöíåóÇ áöíóáúÊóÝöÊó ÅöáóíúåóÇ ÐöåúäõåõãóÇ ÈöÊóÑúßöåóÇ¡ æóåóÐóÇ åõæó ÇáÙøóÇåöÑõ áöíóÊóßóæøóäó ãõÎúÊóáóÝõ ÇáúÞõæóì ÇáúÚóÞúáöíøóÉö Ýöí ÚóÞúáö ÇáäøóæúÚö ÈöÊóÃúÓöíÓöåóÇ Ýöí ÃóÕúáö ÇáäøóæúÚö¡ ÝóÊóäúÊóÞöáõ ÈóÚúÏóåõ Åöáóì äóÓúáöåö¡ æóÐóáößó ãöäó ÇááøõØúÝö ÇáúÅöáóåöíøö Ýöí Êóßúæöíäö ÇáäøóæúÚö æóãöäú ãóÙóÇåöÑö ÍóÞöíÞóÉö ÇáÑøõÈõæÈöíøóÉö æóÇáúãóÑúÈõæÈöíøóÉö¡ ÍóÊøóì ÊóÍúÕõáó ÌóãöíÚõ ÇáúÞõæóì ÈöÇáÊøóÏúÑöíÌö ÝóáóÇ íóÔõÞøõ æóÖúÚõåóÇ ÏõÝúÚóÉð Úóáóì ÞóÇÈöáöíøóÉö ÇáúÚóÞúáö¡ æóÞóÏú ÏóáøóÊö ÇáúÂíóÇÊõ Úóáóì Ãóäøó ÂÏóãó áóãøóÇ ÙóåóÑó ãöäúåõ ÎóÇØöÑõ ÇáúãõÎóÇáóÝóÉö Ãóßóáó ãöäó ÇáÔøóÌóÑóÉö Çáúãóäúåöíøö ÚóäúåóÇ¡ ÝóÃóÚúÞóÈóåõ ÇáúÃóßúáõ ÍõÏõæËó ÎóÇØöÑö ÇáÔøõÚõæÑö ÈöãóÇ Ýöíåö ãä äÞÇíÕ ÃóÏúÑóßóåóÇ ÈöÇáúÝöØúÑóÉö¡ ÝóãóÚúäóÇåõ Ãóäøóåõ ÒóÇáóÊú ãöäúåõ ÇáúÈóÓóÇØóÉõ æóÇáÓøóÐóÇÌóÉõ. æóíõÍúÊóãóáõ Ãóäú íóßõæäó Ðóáößó áöÎõÕõæÕöíøóÉò Ýöí ØóÈúÚö Êöáúßó ÇáÔøóÌóÑóÉö Ãóäú ÊõËöíÑó Ýöí ÇáäøóÝúÓö Úöáúãó ÇáúÎóíúÑö æóÇáÔøóÑøö ßóãóÇ ÌóÇÁó Ýöí ÇáÊøóæúÑóÇÉö Ãóäøó Çááøóåó äóåóÇåõ Úóäú Ãóßúáö ÔóÌóÑóÉö ãóÚúÑöÝóÉö ÇáúÎóíúÑö æóÇáÔøóÑøö¡ æóåóÐóÇ- ÚöäúÏöí- ÈöÚöíÏñ¡ æóÅöäøóãóÇ Íóßóì Çááøóåõ áóäóÇ åóíúÆóÉó ÊóØóæøõÑö ÇáúÚóÞúáö ÇáúÈóÔóÑöíøö Ýöí ÎöáúÞóÉö ÃóÕúáö ÇáäøóæúÚö ÇáúÈóÔóÑöíøö äóÙöíÑó ÕõäúÚöåö Ýöí Þóæúáöåö: æóÚóáøóãó ÂÏóãó ÇáúÃóÓúãÇÁó ßõáøóåÇ [ÇáúÈóÞóÑóÉ: 31] .
æóÇáúÅöÔóÇÑóÉõ Åöáóì ÔóÌóÑóÉò ãõÔóÇåóÏóÉñ æóÞóÏú ÑõæöíóÊú ÑöæóÇíóÇÊñ ÖóÚöíÝóÉñ Ýöí ÊóÚúíöíäö äóæúÚöåóÇ æóÐóáößó ãöãøóÇ ÊóÞóÏøóãó Ýöí ÓõæÑóÉö ÇáúÈóÞóÑóÉö.
æóÇäúÊóÕóÈó: ÝóÊóßõæäÇ Úóáóì ÌóæóÇÈö Çáäøóåúíö¡ æóÇáúßóæúäõ ãöäó ÇáÙøóÇáöãöíäó ãõÊóÓóÈøöÈñ Úóáóì ÇáúÞõÑúÈö Çáúãóäúåöíøö Úóäúåõ¡ áóÇ Úóáóì Çáäøóåúíö¡ æóÐóáößó åõæó ÇáúÃóÕúáõ Ýöí ÇáäøóÕúÈö Ýöí ÌóæóÇÈö Çáäøóåúíö ßóÌóæóÇÈö ÇáäøóÝúíö¡ Ãóäú íõÚúÊóÈóÑó ÇáÊøóÓóÈøõÈõ Úóáóì ÇáúÝöÚúáö ÇáúãóäúÝöíøö Ãóæö Çáúãóäúåöíøö¡ ÈöÎöáóÇÝö ÇáúÌóÒúãö Ýöí ÌóæóÇÈö Çáäøóåúíö ÝóÅöäøóåõ ÅöäøóãóÇ íõÌúÒóãõ ÇáúãõÓóÈøóÈõ Úóáóì ÅöäúÔóÇÁö Çáäøóåúíö áóÇ Úóáóì ÇáúÝöÚúáö Çáúãóäúåöíøö¡ æóÇáúÝóÑúÞõ ÈóíúäóåõãóÇ: Ãóäøó ÇáäøóÕúÈó Úóáóì ÇÚúÊöÈóÇÑö ÇáÊøóÓóÈøõÈö¡ æóÇáÊøóÓóÈøõÈõ íóäúÔóÃõ Úóäö ÇáúÝöÚúáö áóÇ Úóäö ÇáúÅöÎúÈóÇÑö æóÇáúÅöäúÔóÇÁö ÈöÎöáóÇÝö ÇáúÌóÒúãö ÝóÅöäøóåõ Úóáóì ÇÚúÊöÈóÇÑö ÇáúÌóæóÇÈö¡ ÊóÔúÈöíåðÇ ÈöÇáÔøóÑúØö¡ ÝóÇÚúÊõÈöÑó Ýöíåö ãóÚúäóì ÅöäúÔóÇÁö Çáäøóåúíö ÊóÔúÈöíåðÇ áöáúÅöäúÔóÇÁö ÈöÇáöÇÔúÊöÑóÇØö.(8-È/55)
ÝóæóÓúæóÓó áóåõãóÇ ÇáÔøóíúØóÇäõ áöíõÈúÏöíó áóåõãóÇ ãóÇ æõæÑöíó ÚóäúåõãóÇ ãöäú ÓóæúÂÊöåöãóÇ æóÞóÇáó ãóÇ äóåóÇßõãóÇ ÑóÈøõßõãóÇ Úóäú åóÐöåö ÇáÔøóÌóÑóÉö ÅöáøóÇ Ãóäú ÊóßõæäóÇ ãóáóßóíúäö Ãóæú ÊóßõæäóÇ ãöäó ÇáúÎóÇáöÏöíäó (20) æóÞóÇÓóãóåõãóÇ Åöäøöí áóßõãóÇ áóãöäó ÇáäøóÇÕöÍöíäó (21)
æóÇáúãõÑóÇÏõ Èö ÇáÙøóÇáöãöíäó ÇáøóÐöíäó íóÍöÞøõ Úóáóíúåöãú æóÕúÝõ ÇáÙøõáúãö: ÅöãøóÇ áöÙõáúãöåöãú ÃóäúÝõÓóåõãú æóÅöáúÞóÇÆöåóÇ Ýöí ÇáúÚóæóÇÞöÈö ÇáÓøóíøöÆóÉö¡ æóÅöãøóÇ áöÇÚúÊöÏóÇÆöåöãú Úóáóì ÍóÞøö ÛóíúÑöåöãú ÝóÅöäøó ÇáúÚöÕúíóÇäó Ùõáúãñ áöÍóÞøö ÇáÑøóÈøö ÇáúæóÇÌöÈ ØóÇÚóÊå.
[20¡ 21]
[ÓõæÑóÉ ÇáúÃóÚúÑóÇÝ (7) : ÇáúÂíóÇÊ 20 Åöáóì 21]
ÝóæóÓúæóÓó áóåõãóÇ ÇáÔøóíúØÇäõ áöíõÈúÏöíó áóåõãÇ ãóÇ æõæÑöíó ÚóäúåõãÇ ãöäú ÓóæúÂÊöåöãÇ æóÞÇáó ãóÇ äóåÇßõãÇ ÑóÈøõßõãÇ Úóäú åÐöåö ÇáÔøóÌóÑóÉö ÅöáÇøó Ãóäú ÊóßõæäÇ ãóáóßóíúäö Ãóæú ÊóßõæäÇ ãöäó ÇáúÎÇáöÏöíäó (20) æóÞÇÓóãóåõãÇ Åöäøöí áóßõãÇ áóãöäó ÇáäøóÇÕöÍöíäó (21)
ßóÇäóÊú æóÓúæóÓóÉõ ÇáÔøóíúØóÇäö ÈöÞõÑúÈö äóåúíö ÂÏóãó Úóäö ÇáúÃóßúáö ãöäó ÇáÔøóÌóÑóÉö¡ ÝóÚóÈøóÑó Úóäö ÇáúÞõÑúÈö ÈöÍóÑúÝö ÇáÊøóÚúÞöíÈö ÅöÔóÇÑóÉð Åöáóì Ãóäøóåõ ÞõÑúÈñ ÞóÑöíÈñ¡ áöÃóäøó ÊóÚúÞöíÈó ßõáøö ÔóíúÁò ÈöÍóÓúÈöåö.
æóÇáúæóÓúæóÓóÉõ ÇáúßóáóÇãõ ÇáúÎóÝöíøõ ÇáøóÐöí áóÇ íóÓúãóÚõåõ ÅöáøóÇ ÇáúãõÏóÇäöí áöáúãõÊóßóáøöãö¡ ÞóÇáó ÑõÄúÈóÉõ íóÕöÝõ ÕóÇÆöÏðÇ:
æóÓúæóÓó íóÏúÚõæ ÌóÇåöÏðÇ ÑóÈøó ÇáúÝóáóÞú ... ÓöÑøðÇ æóÞóÏú Ãóæøóäó ÊóÃúæöíäó ÇáúÚõÞõÞú
æóÓõãøöíó ÅöáúÞóÇÁõ ÇáÔøóíúØóÇäö æóÓúæóÓóÉð: áöÃóäøóåõ ÃóáúÞóì ÅöáóíúåöãóÇ ÊóÓúæöíáðÇ ÎóÝöíøðÇ ãöäú ßóáóÇãò ßóáøóãóåõãóÇ Ãóæö ÇäúÝöÚóÇáò Ýöí ÃóäúÝõÓöåöãóÇ. ßóåóíúÆóÉö ÇáúÛóÇÔøö ÇáúãóÇßöÑö ÅöÐú íõÎúÝöí ßóáóÇãðÇ Úóäö ÇáúÍóÇÖöÑöíäó ßóíúáóÇ íõÝúÓöÏõæÇ Úóáóíúåö ÛöÔøóåõ ÈöÝóÖúÍö ãóÖóÇÑøöåö ÝóÃóáúÞóì áóåõãóÇ ßóáóÇãðÇ Ýöí ÕõæÑóÉö ÇáÊøóÎóÇÝõÊö áöíõæåöãóåõãóÇ Ãóäøóåõ äóÇÕöÍñ áóåõãóÇ æóÃóäøóåõ íõÎóÇÝöÊõ ÇáúßóáóÇãó¡ æóÞóÏú æóÞóÚó Ýöí ÇáúÂíóÉö ÇáúÃõÎúÑóì ÇáÊøóÚúÈöíÑõ Úóäú ÊóÓúæöíáö ÇáÔøóíúØóÇäö ÈöÇáúÞóæúáö: ÝóæóÓúæóÓó Åöáóíúåö ÇáÔøóíúØÇäõ ÞÇáó íóÇ ÂÏóãõ åóáú ÃóÏõáøõßó Úóáì ÔóÌóÑóÉö ÇáúÎõáúÏö æóãõáúßò áóÇ íóÈúáì [Øå: 120] Ëõãøó ÏóÑóÌó ÇÕúØöáóÇÍõ ÇáúÞõÑúÂäö æóßóáóÇãõ ÇáÑøóÓõæáö Úóáóíúåö ÇáÕøóáóÇÉõ æóÇáÓøóáóÇãõ Úóáóì ÊóÓúãöíóÉö ÅöáúÞóÇÁö ÇáÔøóíúØóÇäö Ýöí äõÝõæÓö ÇáäøóÇÓö ÎóæóÇØöÑó(8-È/56)
ÝóÇÓöÏóÉð¡ æóÓúæóÓóÉð ÊóÞúÑöíÈðÇ áöãóÚúäóì Ðóáößó ÇáúÅöáúÞóÇÁö áöáúÃóÝúåóÇãö ßóãóÇ Ýöí Þóæúáöåö: ãöäú ÔóÑøö ÇáúæóÓúæÇÓö ÇáúÎóäøóÇÓö [ÇáäøóÇÓ: 4] æóåóÐóÇ ÇáÊøÝÕíá áöÅöáúÞóÇÁö ÇáÔøóíúØóÇäö ßóíúÏóåõ ÇäúÝóÑóÏóÊú Èöåö åóÐöåö ÇáúÂíóÉõ Úóäú ÂíóÉö ÓõæÑóÉö ÇáúÈóÞóÑóÉö áöÃóäøó åóÐöåö ÎöØóÇÈñ ÔóÇãöáñ áöáúãõÔúÑößöíäó æóåõãú ÃóÎúáöíóÇÁõ Úóäö ÇáúÚöáúãö ÈöÐóáößó ÝóäóÇÓóÈó ÊóÝúÙöíÚó ÃóÚúãóÇáö ÇáÔøóíúØóÇäö ÈöãóÓúãóÚò ãöäúåõãú.
æóÇááøóÇãõ Ýöí: áöíõÈúÏöíó áóÇãõ ÇáúÚóÇÞöÈóÉö ÅöÐóÇ ßóÇäó ÇáÔøóíúØóÇäõ áóÇ íóÚúáóãõ Ãóäøó ÇáúÚöÕúíóÇäó íõÝúÖöí ÈöåöãóÇ Åöáóì ÍõÏõæËö ÎóÇØöÑö ÇáÔøóÑøö Ýöí ÇáäøÝæÓ æóÙõåõæÑ ÇáÓæÂÊ¡ ÝóÔóÈøóåó ÍõÕõæáó ÇáúÃóËóÑö ÚóÞöÈó ÇáúÝöÚúáö ÈöÍõÕõæáö ÇáúãóÚúáõæáö ÈóÚúÏó ÇáúÚöáøóÉö ßóÞóæúáöåö ÊóÚóÇáóì: ÝóÇáúÊóÞóØóåõ Âáõ ÝöÑúÚóæúäó áöíóßõæäó áóåõãú ÚóÏõæøðÇ æóÍóÒóäÇð [ÇáúÞóÕóÕ: 8] æóÅöäøóãóÇ ÇáúÊóÞóØõæåõ áöíóßõæäó áóåõãú ÞõÑøóÉó Úóíúäò¡ æóÍõÓúäõ Ðóáößó Ãóä ÈÏæø ÓæÂÊåãÇ ãöãøóÇ íõÑúÖöí ÇáÔøóíúØóÇäó. æóíóÌõæÒõ Ãóäú Êóßõæäó áóÇãõ ÇáúÚöáøóÉö ÇáúÈóÇÚöËóÉö ÅöÐóÇ ßóÇäó ÇáÔøóíúØóÇäõ íóÚúáóãõ Ðóáößó ÈöÇáúÅöáúåóÇãö Ãóæú ÈöÇáäøóÙóÑö¡ ÝóÇáÔøóíúØóÇäõ æóÓúæóÓó áöÂÏóãó æóÒóæúÌöåö áöÛóÑóÖö ÅöíÞóÇÚöåöãóÇ Ýöí ÇáúãóÚúÕöíóÉö ÇÈúÊöÏóÇÁð¡ áöÃóäøó Ðóáößó ØóÈúÚõåõ ÇáøóÐöí ÌõÈöáó Úóáóì Úóãóáöåö¡ Ëõãøó áöÛóÑóÖö ÇáúÅöÖúÑóÇÑö ÈöåöãóÇ¡ ÅöÐú ßóÇäó íÚáã ÃäøåãÇ íÚÕíÇä Çááå ÈöÇáúÃóßúáö ãä ÇáÔøÌÑÉ¡ æáãøÇ ßóÇäó ÚÏæøÇ áóåãÇ ßóÇäó íóÓúÚóì Åöáóì ãóÇ íÄÐíåãÇ¡ æíÍÓÏåãÇ Úáì ÑÖì Çááøóåö ÚóäúåõãóÇ¡ æóíóÚúáóãõ Ãóäøó ÇáúÚöÕúíóÇäó íõÝúÖöí ÈöåöãóÇ Åöáóì ÓõæÁö ÇáúÍóÇáö Úóáóì ÇáúÅöÌúãóÇáö¡ ÝóßóÇäó ãóÙúåóÑõ Ðóáößó ÇáÓæÁ ÅÈÏÇÁ ÇáÓæÂÊ¡ ÝóÌõÚöáó ãõÝóÕøöáõ ÇáúÚöáøóÉö ÇáúãõÌúãóáóÉö ÚöäúÏó ÇáúÝóÇÚöáö åõæó ÇáúÚöáøóÉõ¡ æóÅöäú áóãú ÊóÎúØöÑú ÈöÈóÇáöåö¡ æóíõÍúÊóãóáõ Ãóäú íóßõæäó ÇáÔøóíúØóÇäõ ÞóÏú Úóáöãó Ðóáößó ÈöÚöáúãò ÍóÕóáó áóåõ ãöäú ÞóÈúáõ. æóÇáúÍóÇÕöáõ Ãóäøóåõ ÃóÑóÇÏó ÇáúÅöÖúÑóÇÑó¡ áöÃóäøóåõ ÞóÏö ÇÓúÊóÞóÑøó Ýöí ØóÈúÚöåö ÚóÏóÇæóÉõ ÇáúÈóÔóÑö¡ ßóãóÇ ÓóíõÕóÑøóÍõ Èöåö ÝöíãóÇ ÈóÚúÏõ¡ æóÝöí Þóæúáöåö
ÊóÚóÇáóì: Åöäøó ÇáÔøóíúØÇäó áóßõãú ÚóÏõæøñ ÝóÇÊøóÎöÐõæåõ ÚóÏõæøðÇ [ÝÇØÑ: 6] .
æóÇáúÅöÈúÏóÇÁõ ÖöÏøõ ÇáúÅöÎúÝóÇÁö¡ ÝóÇáúÅöÈúÏóÇÁõ ßÔÝ ÇáÔøíÁ æóÅöÙúåóÇÑõåõ¡ æóíõØúáóÞõ ãóÌóÇÒðÇ Úóáóì ãóÚúÑöÝóÉö ÇáÔøóíúÁö ÈóÚúÏó Ìóåúáöåö íõÞóÇáõ: ÈóÏóÇ áöí Ãóäú ÃóÝúÚóáó ßóÐóÇ.
æóÃÓúäÏó ÅÈÏÇÁ ÇáÓæÂÊ Åöáóì ÇáÔøóíúØóÇäö áöÃóäøóåõ ÇáúãõÊóÓóÈøöÈõ Ýöíåö Úóáóì ØóÑöíÞóÉö ÇáúãÌóÇÒ ÇáúÚÞáöíø æÇáÓæÂÊ ÌóãúÚõ ÓóæúÃóÉò æóåöíó ÇÓúãñ áöãóÇ íóÓõæÁõ æóíõÊóÚóíøóÑõ Èöåö ãöäó ÇáäøóÞóÇÆöÕö¡ æóãöäú(8-È/57)
ÓóÈøö ÇáúÚóÑóÈö Þóæúáõåõãú:
ÓóæúÃóÉð áóßó¡ æóãöäú ÊóáóåøõÝöåöãú: íóÇ ÓóæúÃóÊóÇ. æóíõßóäøóì ÈöÇáÓøóæúÃóÉö Úóäö ÇáúÚóæúÑóÉö. æóãóÚúäóì æõæÑöíó ÚóäúåõãóÇ ÍõÌöÈó ÚóäúåõãóÇ æóÃõÎúÝöíó¡ ãõÔúÊóÞøðÇ ãöäó ÇáúãõæóÇÑóÇÉö æóåöíó ÇáÊøóÛúØöíóÉõ æóÇáúÅöÎúÝóÇÁõ æóÊõØúáóÞõ ÇáúãõæóÇÑóÇÉõ ãóÌóÇÒðÇ Úóáóì ÕóÑúÝö ÇáúãóÑúÁö Úóäú Úöáúãö ÔóíúÁò ÈöÇáúßöÊúãóÇäö Ãóæ ÇáÊøáÈíÓ.
æÇáÓøæÂÊ åõäóÇ íóÌõæÒõ Ãóäú Êóßõæäó ÌóãúÚõ ÇáÓøóæúÃóÉö áöáúÎóÕúáóÉö ÇáÐøóãöíãóÉö ßóãóÇ Ýöí Þóæúáö ÃóÈöí ÒõÈóíúÏò:
áóãú íóåóÈú ÍõÑúãóÉó ÇáäøóÏöíãö æóÍõÞøóÊú ... íóÇ áóÞóæúãöí áöáÓøóæúÃóÉö ÇáÓøóæúÂÁö
ÝóÊóßõæäõ ÕöíÛóÉõ ÇáúÌóãúÚö Úáì ÍóÞöíÞóÊåóÇ¡ æÇáÓøæÂÊ ÍöíäóÆöÐò ãõÓúÊóÚúãóáñ Ýöí ÕóÑöíÍöåö¡ æóíóÌõæÒõ Ãóäú Êóßõæäó ÌóãúÚó ÇáÓøóæúÃóÉö¡ Çáúãõßóäøóì ÈöåóÇ Úóäö ÇáúÚóæúÑóÉö¡ æóÞóÏú Ñõæöíó ÊóÝúÓöíÑõåóÇ ÈöÐóáößó Úóäö ÇÈúäö ÚóÈøóÇÓò ßóÞóæúáöåö ÊóÚóÇáóì: ÞóÏú ÃóäúÒóáúäÇ Úóáóíúßõãú áöÈÇÓÇð íõæÇÑöí ÓóæúÂÊößõãú [ÇáúÃóÚúÑóÇÝ: 26] æóÚóáóì åóÐóÇ ÝóÕöíÛóÉõ ÇáúÌóãúÚö ãõÓúÊóÚúãóáóÉñ Ýöí ÇáöÇËúäóíúäö áöáÊøóÎúÝöíÝö ßóÞóæúáöåö ÊóÚóÇáóì: ÝóÞóÏú ÕóÛóÊú ÞõáõæÈõßõãÇ [ÇáÊøóÍúÑöíã: 4] . æóÓóíóÌöíÁõ ÊóÍúÞöíÞõ ãóÚúäóì åóÐóÇ ÇáúÅöÈúÏóÇÁö ÚöäúÏó Þóæúáöåö ÊóÚóÇáóì ÈóÚúÏó åóÐóÇ: ÝóáóãøóÇ ÐÇÞóÇ ÇáÔøóÌóÑóÉó ÈóÏóÊú áóåõãÇ ÓóæúÂÊõåõãÇ [ÇáúÃóÚúÑóÇÝ: 22] .
æóÚóØúÝõ ÌõãúáóÉö: æóÞÇáó ãóÇ äóåÇßõãÇ ÑóÈøõßõãÇ Úóáóì ÌõãúáóÉö ÝóæóÓúæóÓó íóÏõáøõ Úóáóì Ãóäøó ÇáÔøóíúØóÇäó æóÓúæóÓó áóåõãóÇ æóÓõæÓóÉð ÛóíúÑó Þóæúáöåö: ãóÇ äóåÇßõãÇ ÅöáóÎú Ëõãøó Ëóäøóì æóÓúæóÓóÊóåõ ÈöÃóäú ÞóÇáó ãóÇ äóåóÇßõãóÇ¡ æóáóæú ßóÇäóÊú ÌõãúáóÉõ: ãóÇ äóåÇßõãÇ Åöáóì ÂÎöÑöåóÇ ÈóíóÇäðÇ áöÌõãúáóÉö ÝóæóÓúæóÓó áóßóÇäóÊú ÌõãúáóÉõ:
æóÞÇáó ãóÇ äóåÇßõãÇ ÈöÏõæäö ÚóÇØöÝò¡ áöÃóäøó ÇáúÈóíóÇäó áóÇ íõÚúØóÝõ Úóáóì ÇáúãõÈóíøóäö. æóÝöí åóÐóÇ ÇáúÚóØúÝö ÅöÔúÚóÇÑñ ÈöÃóäøó ÂÏóãó æóÒóæúÌóåõ ÊóÑóÏøóÏóÇ Ýöí ÇáúÃóÎúÐö ÈöæóÓúæóÓóÉö ÇáÔøóíúØóÇäö ÝóÃóÎóÐó ÇáÔøóíúØóÇäõ íõÑóÇæöÏõåõãóÇ. ÃóáóÇ ÊóÑóì Ãóäøóåõ áóãú íõÚúØóÝú Þóæúáõåõ¡ Ýöí ÓõæÑóÉö Øå [120] : ÝóæóÓúæóÓó Åöáóíúåö ÇáÔøóíúØÇäõ ÞÇáó íóÇ ÂÏóãõ åóáú ÃóÏõáøõßó Úóáì ÔóÌóÑóÉö ÇáúÎõáúÏö æóãõáúßò áóÇ íóÈúáì. ÝóÅöäøó Ðóáößó ÍößóÇíóÉñ áÇÈÊÏÇÁ æÓæÓÊå ÝÇÈÊÏÇÁ ÇáúæóÓúæóÓóÉó ÈöÇáúÅöÌúãóÇáö Ýóáóãú íõÚóíøöäú áöÂÏóãó ÇáÔøóÌóÑóÉó Çáúãóäúåöíøó Úóäö ÇáúÃóßúáö ãöäúåóÇ ÇÓúÊöäúÒóÇáðÇ áöØóÇÚóÊöåö¡ æóÇÓúÊöÒúáóÇáðÇ áöÞóÏóãöåö¡ Ëõãøó ÃóÎóÐó Ýöí ÊóÃúæöíáö äóåúíö Çááøóåö ÅöíøóÇåõãóÇ Úóäö ÇáúÃóßúáö ãöäúåóÇ ÝóÞóÇáó ãóÇ Íõßöíó Úóäúåõ Ýöí(8-È/58)
ÓõæÑóÉö ÇáúÃóÚúÑóÇÝö: ãóÇ äóåÇßõãÇ ÑóÈøõßõãÇ Úóäú åÐöåö ÇáÔøóÌóÑóÉö ÅöáøóÇ Ãóäú ÊóßõæäÇ ãóáóßóíúäö ÇáúÂíóÉó ÝóÃóÔóÇÑó Åöáóì
ÇáÔøóÌóÑóÉö ÈóÚúÏó Ãóäú ÕóÇÑóÊú ãóÚúÑõæÝóÉð áóåõãóÇ ÒöíóÇÏóÉð Ýöí ÅöÛúÑóÇÆöåöãóÇ ÈöÇáúãóÚúÕöíóÉö ÈöÇáúÃóßúáö ãöäó ÇáÔøóÌóÑóÉö¡ ÝóÞóÏú æõÒøöÚóÊö ÇáúæóÓúæóÓóÉõ æÊÐííáåÇ Úáì ÇáÓøæÑÊíä Úóáóì ÚóÇÏóÉö ÇáúÞõÑúÂäö Ýöí ÇáöÇÎúÊöÕóÇÑö Ýöí ÓóæúÞö ÇáúÞóÕóÕö ÇßúÊöÝóÇÁð ÈöÇáúãóÞúÕõæÏö ãöäú ãóÛúÒóì ÇáúÞöÕøóÉö áöÆóáøóÇ íóÕöíÑó ÇáúÞóÕóÕõ ãóÞúÕöÏðÇ ÃóÕúáöíøðÇ áöáÊøóäúÒöíáö.
æóÇáúÅöÔóÇÑóÉõ ÈöÞóæúáöåö: Úóäú åÐöåö ÇáÔøóÌóÑóÉö Åöáóì ÔóÌóÑóÉò ãõÚóíøóäóÉò ÞóÏú ÊóÈóíøóäó áöÂÏóãó ÈóÚúÏó Ãóäú æóÓúæóÓó Åöáóíúåö ÇáÔøóíúØóÇäõ ÃóäøóåóÇ ÇáÔøóÌóÑóÉõ ÇáøóÊöí äóåóÇåõ Çááøóåõ ÚóäúåóÇ¡ ÝóÃóÑóÇÏó ÅöÈúáöíÓõ ÅöÞúÏóÇãóåõ Úóáóì ÇáúãóÚúÕöíóÉö æóÅöÒóÇáóÉó ÎóæúÝöåö ÈöÅöÓóÇÁóÉö Ùóäøöåö Ýöí ãõÑóÇÏö Çááøóåö ÊóÚóÇáóì ãöäó Çáäøóåúíö.
æóÇáöÇÓúÊöËúäóÇÁõ Ýöí Þóæúáöåö: ÅöáøóÇ Ãóäú ÊóßõæäÇ ãóáóßóíúäö ÇÓúÊöËúäóÇÁñ ãöäú Úöáóáò¡ Ãóíú ãóÇ äóåóÇßõãóÇ áöÚöáøóÉò æóÛóÑóÖò ÅöáøóÇ áöÛóÑóÖö Ãóäú ÊóßõæäóÇ ãóáóßóíúäö¡ ÝóÊóÚóíøóäó ÊóÞúÏöíÑõ áóÇãö ÇáÊøóÚúáöíáö ÞóÈúáó (Ãóäú) æóÍóÐúÝõ ÍõÑõæÝö ÇáúÌóÑøö ÇáÏøóÇÎöáóÉö Úóáóì (Ãóäú) ãõØøóÑöÏñ Ýöí ßóáóÇãö ÇáúÚóÑóÈö ÚöäúÏó Ãóãúäö ÇááøóÈúÓö.
æóßóæúäõåõãóÇ ãóáóßóíúäö Ãóæú ÎóÇáöÏóíúäö ÚöáøóÉñ áöáäøóåúíö: Ãóíú ßóæúäõßõãóÇ ãóáóßóíúäö åõæó ÈóÇÚöËõ Çáäøóåúíö¡ ÅöáøóÇ Ãóäøóåõ ÈóÇÚöËñ ÈöÇÚúÊöÈóÇÑö äóÝúíö ÍõÕõæáöåö áóÇ ÈöÇÚúÊöÈóÇÑö ÍõÕõæáöåö¡ Ãóíú åõæó ÚöáøóÉñ Ýöí ÇáúÌõãúáóÉö¡ æóáöÐóáößó ÊóÃóæøóáóåõ ÓöíÈóæóíúåö æóÇáÒøóãóÎúÔóÑöíøõ ÈöÊóÞúÏöíÑö: ßóÑóÇåóÉó Ãóäú ÊóßõæäóÇ. æóåõæó ÊóÞúÏöíÑõ ãóÚúäðì áóÇ ÊóÞúÏöíÑõ ÅöÚúÑóÇÈò¡ ßóãóÇ ÊóÞóÏøóãó Ýöí ÓõæÑóÉö ÇáúÃóäúÚóÇãö¡ æóÞöíáó ÍõÐöÝóÊú (áóÇ) ÈóÚúÏó (Ãóäú) æóÍóÐúÝõåóÇ ãóæúÌõæÏñ¡ æóÈöÐóáößó ÊóÃóæøóáó ÇáúßõæÝöíøõæäó æóÞóÏú ÊóÞóÏøóãó ÇáúÞóæúáõ Ýöíåö. æóÞóÏú Ãóæúåóãó ÅöÈúáöíÓõ ÂÏóãó æóÒóæúÌóåõ ÃóäøóåõãóÇ ãõÊóãóßøöäóÇäö Ãóäú íóÕöíÑóÇ ãóáóßóíúäö ãöäó ÇáúãóáóÇÆößóÉö¡ ÅöÐóÇ ÃóßóáóÇ ãöäó ÇáÔøóÌóÑóÉö¡ æóåóÐóÇ ãöäú ÊóÏúÌöíáöåö æóÊóáúÈöíÓöåö ÅöÐú ÃóáúÝóì ÂÏóãó æóÒóæúÌóåõ ÛóíúÑó ãõÊóÈóÕøöÑóíúäö Ýöí ÍóÞóÇÆöÞö ÇáúÃóÔúíóÇÁö¡ æóáóÇ ÚóÇáöãóíúäö ÇáúãöÞúÏóÇÑó Çáúãõãúßöäó Ýöí ÇäúÞöáóÇÈö ÇáúÃóÚúíóÇäö æóÊóØóæøõÑö ÇáúãóæúÌõæÏóÇÊö¡ æóßóÇäóÇ íõÔóÇåöÏóÇäö ÊóÝúÖöíáó ÇáúãóáóÇÆößóÉö ÚöäúÏó Çááøóåö ÊóÚóÇáóì æóÒõáúÝóÇåõãú æóÓóÚóÉó ãóÞúÏöÑóÊöåöãú¡ ÝóÃóØúãóÚóåõãóÇ ÅöÈúáöíÓõ Ãóäú íóÕöíÑóÇ ãöäó ÇáúãóáóÇÆößóÉö ÅöÐóÇ ÃóßóáóÇ ãöäó ÇáÔøóÌóÑóÉö¡ æóÞöíáó ÇáúãõÑóÇÏõ ÇáÊøóÔúÈöíåõ ÇáúÈóáöíÛõ Ãóíú ÅöáøóÇ Ãóäú ÊóßõæäóÇ Ýöí ÇáúÞõÑúÈö æóÇáÒøõáúÝóì ßóÇáúãóáóßóíúäö¡ æóÞóÏú ãóËøóáó áóåõãóÇ ÈöãóÇ íóÚúÑöÝóÇäö ãöäú ßóãóÇáö ÇáúãóáóÇÆößóÉö.(8-È/59)
ÝóÏóáøóÇåõãóÇ ÈöÛõÑõæÑò ÝóáóãøóÇ ÐóÇÞóÇ ÇáÔøóÌóÑóÉó ÈóÏóÊú áóåõãóÇ ÓóæúÂÊõåõãóÇ æóØóÝöÞóÇ íóÎúÕöÝóÇäö ÚóáóíúåöãóÇ ãöäú æóÑóÞö ÇáúÌóäøóÉö æóäóÇÏóÇåõãóÇ ÑóÈøõåõãóÇ Ãóáóãú ÃóäúåóßõãóÇ Úóäú ÊöáúßõãóÇ ÇáÔøóÌóÑóÉö æóÃóÞõáú áóßõãóÇ Åöäøó ÇáÔøóíúØóÇäó áóßõãóÇ ÚóÏõæøñ ãõÈöíäñ (22)
æóÞóæúáõåõ: Ãóæú ÊóßõæäÇ ãöäó ÇáúÎÇáöÏöíäó ÚóØúÝñ Úóáóì: Ãóäú ÊóßõæäÇ ãóáóßóíúäö æóÃóÕúáõ (Ãóæö) ÇáÏøóáóÇáóÉõ Úóáóì ÇáÊøóÑúÏöíÏö Èóíúäó ÃóÍóÏö ÇáÔøóíúÆóíúäö Ãóæö ÇáúÃóÔúíóÇÁö¡ ÓóæóÇÁñ ßóÇäó ãóÚó ÊóÌúæöíÒö ÍõÕõæáö ÇáúãõÊóÚóÇØöÝóÇÊö ßõáøöåóÇ ÝóÊóßõæäõ áöáúÅöÈóÇÍóÉö ÈóÚúÏó ÇáØøóáóÈö¡ æóáöáÊøóÌúæöíÒö ÈóÚúÏó ÇáúÎóÈóÑö Ãóæú áöáÔøóßøö Ãóãú ßóÇäó ãóÚó ãóäúÚö ÇáúÈóÚúÖö ÚöäúÏó ÊóÌúæöíÒö ÇáúÈóÚúÖö ÝóÊóßõæäõ áöáÊøóÎúíöíÑö ÈóÚúÏó ÇáØøóáóÈö æóáöáÔøóßøö Ãóæö ÇáÊøóÑúÏöíÏö ÈóÚúÏó ÇáúÎóÈóÑö¡ æóÇáÊøóÑúÏöíÏõ áóÇ íõäóÇÝöí ÇáúÌóÒúãó ÈöÃóäøó ÃóÍóÏó ÇáúÃóãúÑóíúäö æóÇÞöÚñ áóÇ ãóÍóÇáóÉó ßóãóÇ åõäóÇ¡ ÝóãóÚúäóì ÇáúßóáóÇãö Ãóäøó ÇáúÂßöáó ãöäú åóÐöåö ÇáÔøóÌóÑóÉö íóßõæäõ ãóáóßðÇ æóÎóÇáöÏðÇ¡ ßóãóÇ ÞóÇáó Úóäúåõ Ýöí ÓõæÑóÉö Øå [120] : åóáú ÃóÏõáøõßó Úóáì ÔóÌóÑóÉö ÇáúÎõáúÏö æóãõáúßò áóÇ íóÈúáì ÝóÌõÚöáó äóåúíõ Çááøóåö áóåõãóÇ Úóäö ÇáúÃóßúáö áóÇ íóÚúÏõæ ÅöÑóÇÏóÉó ÃóÍóÏö ÇáúÃóãúÑóíúäö¡ æóíõÓúÊóÝóÇÏõ ãöäó ÇáúãóÞóÇãö Ãóäøóåõ ÞóÏú íõÑöíÏõ ÍöÑúãóÇäóåõãóÇ ãöäó ÇáúÃóãúÑóíúäö ÌóãöíÚðÇ ÈöÏóáóÇáóÉö ÇáúÝóÍúæóì¡ æóáóãú íóßõäú ÂÏóãõ
ÞóÏú Úóáöãó ÍöíäóÆöÐò Ãóäøó ÇáúÎõáõæÏó ãõÊóÚóÐøöÑñ¡ æóÃóäøó ÇáúãóæúÊó æóÇáúÍóÔúÑó æóÇáúÈóÚúËó ãóßúÊõæÈñ Úóáóì ÇáäøóÇÓö¡ ÝóÅöäøó Ðóáößó íõÊóáóÞøóì ãöäó ÇáúæóÍúíö ßóãóÇ Ýöí Þóæúáöåö ÊóÚóÇáóì áóåõãóÇ Ýöí ÇáúÂíóÉö ÇáúÃõÎúÑóì: æóáóßõãú Ýöí ÇáúÃóÑúÖö ãõÓúÊóÞóÑøñ æóãóÊÇÚñ Åöáì Íöíäò [ÇáúÈóÞóÑóÉ: 36] .
æóÞÇÓóãóåõãÇ Ãóíú ÍóáóÝó áóåõãóÇ ÈöãóÇ íõæåöãõ ÕöÏúÞóåõ¡ æóÇáúãõÞóÇÓóãóÉõ ãõÝóÇÚóáóÉñ ãöäú ÃóÞúÓóãó ÅöÐóÇ ÍóáóÝó¡ ÍõÐöÝóÊú ãöäúåõ ÇáúåóãúÒóÉõ ÚöäúÏó ÕóæúÛö ÇáúãõÝóÇÚóáóÉö¡ ßóãóÇ ÍõÐöÝóÊú Ýöí ÇáúãõßóÇÑóãóÉö¡ æóÇáúãõÝóÇÚóáóÉõ åõäóÇ áöáúãõÈóÇáóÛóÉö Ýöí ÇáúÝöÚúáö¡ æóáóíúÓóÊú áöÍõÕõæáö ÇáúÝöÚúáö ãöäó ÇáúÌóÇäöÈóíúäö¡ æóäóÙöíÑõåóÇ: ÚóÇÝóÇåõ Çááøóåõ¡ æóÌóÚóáóåõ Ýöí «ÇáúßóÔøóÇÝö» : ßóÃóäøóåõãóÇ ÞóÇáóÇ áóåõ ÊõÞúÓöãõ ÈöÇááøóåö Åöäøóßó áóãöäó ÇáäøóÇÕöÍöíäó ÝóÃóÞúÓóãó ÝóÌõÚöáó ØóáóÈõåõãóÇ ÇáúÞóÓóãó ÈöãóäúÒöáóÉö ÇáúÞóÓóãö¡ Ãóíú ÝóÊßæä ÇáãÝÇÚáÉ ãÌóÇÒðÇ¡ ÞóÇáó Ãóæ ÃÞÓã áóåãÇ ÈÇáäøÕíÍÉ æÃÞÓãÇ áóåõ ÈÞÈæáåÇ¡ ÝóÊóßõæäõ ÇáúãõÝóÇÚóáóÉõ Úóáóì ÈóÇÈöåóÇ¡ æóÊóÃúßöíÏõ ÅöÎúÈóÇÑöåö Úóäú äóÝúÓöåö ÈöÇáäøõÕúÍö áóåõãóÇ ÈöËóáóÇËö ãõÄóßøöÏóÇÊò Ïóáöíáñ Úóáóì ãóÈúáóÛö Ôóßøö ÂÏóãó æóÒóæúÌöåö Ýöí äõÕúÍöåö áóåõãóÇ¡ æóãóÇ ÑóÃóì ÚóáóíúåöãóÇ ãöäú ãóÎóÇÆöáö ÇáÊøóÑóÏøõÏö Ýöí ÕöÏúÞöåö¡ æóÅöäøóãóÇ ÔóßøóÇ Ýöí äõÕúÍöåö áöÃóäøóåõãóÇ æóÌóÏóÇ ãóÇ íóÃúãõÑõåõãóÇ ãõÎóÇáöÝðÇ áöãóÇ ÃóãóÑóåõãóÇ Çááøóåõ ÇáøóÐöí íóÚúáóãóÇäö ÅöÑóÇÏóÊóåõ ÈöåöãóÇ ÇáúÎóíúÑó ÚöáúãðÇ ÍóÇÕöáðÇ ÈöÇáúÝöØúÑóÉö.
[22]
[ÓõæÑóÉ ÇáúÃóÚúÑóÇÝ (7) : ÂíóÉ 22]
ÝóÏóáÇøóåõãÇ ÈöÛõÑõæÑò ÝóáóãøóÇ ÐÇÞóÇ ÇáÔøóÌóÑóÉó ÈóÏóÊú áóåõãÇ ÓóæúÂÊõåõãÇ æóØóÝöÞÇ íóÎúÕöÝÇäö ÚóáóíúåöãÇ ãöäú æóÑóÞö ÇáúÌóäøóÉö æóäÇÏÇåõãÇ ÑóÈøõåõãÇ Ãóáóãú ÃóäúåóßõãÇ Úóäú ÊöáúßõãóÇ ÇáÔøóÌóÑóÉö æóÃóÞõáú áóßõãÇ Åöäøó ÇáÔøóíúØÇäó áóßõãÇ ÚóÏõæøñ ãõÈöíäñ (22)
ÝóÏóáøóÇåõãÇ ÈöÛõÑõæÑò ÝóáóãøóÇ ÐÇÞóÇ ÇáÔøóÌóÑóÉó ÈóÏóÊú áóåõãÇ ÓóæúÂÊõåõãÇ æóØóÝöÞÇ íóÎúÕöÝÇäö ÚóáóíúåöãÇ ãöäú æóÑóÞö ÇáúÌóäøóÉö.(8-È/60)
ÊóÝúÑöíÚñ Úóáóì ÌõãúáóÉö: ÝóæóÓúæóÓó áóåõãóÇ ÇáÔøóíúØÇäõ [ÇáúÃóÚúÑóÇÝ: 20] æóãóÇ ÚØÝ ÚóáóíúåóÇ.
æóãóÚúäóì ÝóÏóáøóÇåõãÇ ÃóÞúÏóãóåõãóÇ ÝóÝóÚóáóÇ ÝöÚúáðÇ íóØúãóÚóÇäö Èöåö Ýöí äóÝúÚò ÝóÎóÇÈóÇ Ýöíåö¡ æóÃóÕúáõ Ïóáøóì¡ ÊóãúËöíáõ ÍóÇáö ãóäú íóØúáõÈõ ÔóíúÆðÇ ãöäú ãóÙöäøóÊöåö ÝóáóÇ íóÌöÏõåõ ÈöÍóÇáö ãóäú íõÏóáøöí Ïóáúæóåõ Ãóæú ÑöÌúáóíúåö Ýöí ÇáúÈöÆúÑö áöíóÓúÊóÞöíó ãöäú ãóÇÆöåóÇ ÝóáóÇ íóÌöÏõ ÝöíåóÇ ãóÇÁð ÝóíõÞóÇáõ: Ïóáøóì ÝõáóÇäñ¡ íõÞóÇáõ Ïóáøóì ßóãóÇ íõÞóÇáõ ÃóÏúáóì.
æóÇáúÈóÇÁõ áöáúãõáóÇÈóÓóÉö Ãóíú ÏóáøóÇåõãóÇ ãõáóÇÈöÓðÇ áöáúÛõÑõæÑö Ãóíú áöÇÓúÊöíáóÇÁö ÇáúÛõÑõæÑö Úóáóíúåö ÅöÐö ÇáúÛõÑõæÑõ åõæó ÇÚúÊöÞóÇÏõ ÇáÔøóíúÁö äóÇÝöÚðÇ ÈöÍóÓóÈö ÙóÇåöÑö ÍóÇáöåö æóáóÇ äóÝúÚó Ýöíåö ÚöäúÏó ÊóÌúÑöÈóÊöåö¡ æóÚóáóì åóÐóÇ ÇáúÞöíóÇÓö íõÞóÇáõ ÏóáøóÇåõ ÈöÛõÑõæÑò ÅöÐóÇ ÃóæúÞóÚóåõ Ýöí ÇáØøóãóÚö ÝöíãóÇ áóÇ äóÝúÚó Ýöíåö¡ ßóãóÇ Ýöí åóÐöåö ÇáúÂíóÉö æóÞóæúáö ÃóÈöí ÌõäúÏõÈò ÇáúåõÐóáöíøö (åõæó ÇÈúäõ ãõÑøóÉó æóáóãú ÃóÞöÝú Úóáóì ÊóÚúÑöíÝöåö ÝóÅöäú ßóÇäó ÅöÓúáóÇãöíøðÇ ßóÇäó ÞóÏú ÃóÎóÐó Þóæúáóåõ ßóãóäú íõÏóáøóì ÈöÇáúÛõÑõæÑö ãöäó ÇáúÞõÑúÂäö¡ æÅáøÇ ßóÇäó ãËáÇ ãõÓúÊóÚúãóáðÇ ãöäú ÞóÈúáõ) :
ÃóÍõÕøõ ÝóáóÇ ÃõÌöíÑõ æóãóäú ÃóÌöÑúåõ ... ÝóáóíúÓó ßóãóäú íõÏóáøóì ÈöÇáúÛõÑõæÑö
æóÚóáóì åóÐóÇ ÇáöÇÓúÊöÚúãóÇáö ÝóÝöÚúáõ Ïóáøóì íõÓúÊóÚúãóáõ ÞóÇÕöÑðÇ¡ æóíõÓúÊóÚúãóáõ ãõÊóÚóÏøöíðÇ ÅöÐóÇ ÌõÚöáó ÛóíúÑõåõ ãõÏóáøóíðÇ¡ åóÐóÇ ãóÇ íõÄúÎóÐõ ãöäú ßóáóÇãö Ãóåúáö ÇááøõÛóÉö Ýöí åóÐóÇ ÇááøóÝúÙö¡ æóÝöíåö ÊóÝúÓöíÑóÇÊñ ÃõÎúÑóì áóÇ ÌóÏúæóì Ýöí ÐößúÑöåóÇ.
æóÏóáøó Þóæúáõåõ: ÝóÏóáøóÇåõãÇ ÈöÛõÑõæÑò Úóáóì ÃóäøóåõãóÇ ÝóÚóáóÇ ãóÇ æóÓúæóÓó áóåõãóÇ ÇáÔøóíúØóÇäõ¡ ÝóÃóßóáóÇ ãöäó ÇáÔøóÌóÑóÉö¡ ÝóÞóæúáõåõ: ÝóáóãøóÇ ÐÇÞóÇ ÇáÔøóÌóÑóÉó ÊóÑúÊöíÈñ Úóáóì ÏóáøóÇåõãóÇ ÈöÛõÑõæÑò ÝóÍõÐöÝóÊö ÇáúÌõãúáóÉõ æóÇÓúÊõÛúäöíó ÚóäúåóÇ ÈöÅöíÑóÇÏö ÇáöÇÓúãö ÇáÙøóÇåöÑö Ýöí ÌõãúáóÉö ÔóÑúØö áóãøóÇ¡ æóÇáÊøóÞúÏöíÑõ: ÝóÃóßóáóÇ ãöäúåóÇ¡ ßóãóÇ æóÑóÏó ãõÕóÑøóÍðÇ Èöåö Ýöí ÓõæÑóÉö ÇáúÈóÞóÑóÉö¡ ÝóáóãøóÇ ÐóÇÞóÇåóÇ ÈóÏóÊú áóåõãóÇ ÓóæúÂÊõåõãóÇ.
æóÇáÐøóæúÞõ ÅöÏúÑóÇßõ ØóÚúãö ÇáúãóÃúßõæáö Ãóæö ÇáúãóÔúÑõæÈö ÈöÇááøöÓóÇäö¡ æóåõæó íóÍúÕõáõ ÚöäúÏó(8-È/61)
ÇÈúÊöÏóÇÁö ÇáúÃóßúáö Ãóæö ÇáÔøõÑúÈö¡ æóÏóáøóÊú åóÐöåö ÇáúÂíóÉõ Úóáóì Ãóäøó ÈõÏõæøó ÓóæúÂÊöåöãóÇ ÍóÕóáó ÚöäúÏó Ãóæøóáö ÅöÏúÑóÇßö ØóÚúãö ÇáÔøóÌóÑóÉö¡ ÏóáóÇáóÉñ Úóáóì ÓõÑúÚóÉö ÊóÑóÊøõÈö ÇáúÃóãúÑö ÇáúãóÍúÐõæÑö ÚöäúÏó Ãóæøóáö ÇáúãõÎóÇáóÝóÉö¡ ÝóÒóÇÏóÊú åóÐöåö ÇáúÂíóÉõ Úóáóì ÂíóÉö ÇáúÈóÞóÑóÉö.
æóåóÐöåö Ãóæøóáõ æóÓúæóÓóÉò ÕóÏóÑóÊú Úóäö ÇáÔøóíúØóÇäö. æóÃóæøóáõ ÊóÖúáöíáò ãöäúåõ áöáúÅöäúÓóÇäö.
æóÞóÏú ÃóÝóÇÏóÊú (áóãøóÇ) ÊóæúÞöíÊó ÈõÏõæøö ÓóæúÂÊöåöãóÇ ÈöæóÞúÊö ÐóæúÞöåöãóÇ ÇáÔøóÌóÑóÉó¡ áöÃóäøó (áóãøóÇ) ÍóÑúÝñ íóÏõáøõ Úóáóì æõÌõæÏö ÔóíúÁò ÚöäúÏó æõÌõæÏö ÛóíúÑöåö¡ Ýóåöíó áöãõÌóÑøóÏö ÊóæúÞöíÊö ãóÖúãõæäö ÌóæóÇÈöåóÇ ÈöÒóãóÇäö æõÌõæÏö ÔóÑúØöåóÇ¡ æóåóÐóÇ ãóÚúäóì Þóæúáöåöãú: ÍóÑúÝõ æõÌõæÏò áöæõÌõæÏò (ÝóÇááøóÇãõ Ýöí Þóæúáöåöãú áöæõÌõæÏò ÈöãóÚúäóì (ÚöäúÏó) æóáöÐóáößó ÞóÇáó ÈóÚúÖõåõãú åöíó ÙóÑúÝñ ÈöãóÚúäóì Íöíäó¡ íõÑöíÏõ ÈöÇÚúÊöÈóÇÑö ÃóÕúáöåóÇ¡ æóÅöÐú ÞóÏö ÇáúÊóÒóãõæÇ ÝöíåóÇ ÊóÞúÏöíãó ãóÇ íóÏõáøõ Úóáóì ÇáúæóÞúÊö áóÇ Úáì ÇáãæÞÊ¡ ÔóÇÈóåóÊú ÃóÏóæóÇÊó ÇáÔøóÑúØö ÝóÞóÇáõæÇ ÍóÑúÝõ æõÌõæÏò áöæõÌõæÏò ßóãóÇ ÞóÇáõæÇ Ýöí (áóæú) ÍóÑúÝõ ÇãúÊöäóÇÚò áöÇãúÊöäóÇÚò¡ æóÝöí (áóæúáóÇ) ÍóÑúÝõ ÇãúÊöäóÇÚò áöæõÌõæÏò¡ æóáóßöäøó ÇááøóÇãó Ýöí ÚöÈóÇÑóÉö ÇáäøõÍóÇÉö Ýöí ÊóÝúÓöíÑö ãóÚúäóì áóæú æóáóæúáóÇ¡ åöíó áóÇãõ ÇáÊøóÚúáöíáö¡ ÈöÎöáóÇÝöåóÇ Ýöí ÚöÈóÇÑóÊöåöãú Ýöí (áóãøóÇ) áöÃóäøó (áóãøóÇ) áóÇ ÏóáóÇáóÉó áóåóÇ Úóáóì ÓóÈóÈò¡ ÃóáóÇ ÊóÑóì Þóæúáóåõ ÊóÚóÇáóì: ÝóáóãøóÇ äóÌøóÇßõãú Åöáóì ÇáúÈóÑøö ÃóÚúÑóÖúÊõãú [ÇáúÅöÓúÑóÇÁ: 67] ÅöÐú áóíúÓó ÇáúÅöäúÌóÇÁõ ÈöÓóÈóÈò áöáúÅöÚúÑóÇÖö¡ æóáóßöäú áóãøóÇ ßóÇäó Èóíúäó ÇáÓøóÈóÈö æóÇáúãõÓóÈøóÈö ÊóÞóÇÑõäñ ßóËõÑó Ýöí ÔóÑúØö (áóãøóÇ) æóÌóæóÇÈöåóÇ ãóÚúäóì ÇáÓøóÈóÈöíøóÉö Ïõæäó ÇØøöÑóÇÏò¡ ÝóÞóæúáõåõ ÊóÚóÇáóì: ÝóáóãøóÇ ÐÇÞóÇ ÇáÔøóÌóÑóÉó ÈóÏóÊú áóåõãÇ ÓóæúÂÊõåõãÇ áóÇ íóÏõáøõ Úóáóì ÃóßúËóÑö ãöäú ÍõÕõæáö ÙõåõæÑö ÇáÓøóæúÂÊö ÚöäúÏó ÐóæúÞö ÇáÔøóÌóÑóÉö¡ Ãóíú Ãóäøó Çááøóåó ÌóÚóáó ÇáúÃóãúÑóíúäö ãõÞúÊóÑöäóíúäö Ýöí ÇáúæóÞúÊö¡ æóáóßöäøó åóÐóÇ ÇáÊøóÞóÇÑõäó åõæó áößóæúäö ÇáúÃóãúÑóíúäö ãõÓóÈøóÈóíúäö Úóäú ÓóÈóÈò æóÇÍöÏò¡ æóåõæó ÎóÇØöÑõ ÇáÓøõæÁö ÇáøóÐöí äóÝóËóåõ ÇáÔøóíúØóÇäõ ÝöíåöãóÇ¡ ÝóÓóÈøóÈó ÇáúÅöÞúÏóÇãó Úóáóì ÇáúãõÎóÇáóÝóÉö áöáÊøóÚóÇáöíãö ÇáÕøóÇáöÍóÉö¡ æóÇáÔøõÚõæÑó ÈöÇáäøóÞöíÕóÉö: ÝóÞóÏú ßóÇäó ÂÏóãõ æóÒóæúÌõåõ Ýöí ØóæúÑö ÓóÐóÇÌóÉö ÇáúÚöáúãö¡ æóÓóáóÇãóÉö ÇáúÝöØúÑóÉö¡ ÔóÈöíåóíúäö ÈöÇáúãóáóÇÆößóÉö áóÇ íõÞúÏöãóÇäö Úóáóì ãóÝúÓóÏóÉò(8-È/62)
æóáóÇ ãóÖóÑøóÉò¡ æóáóÇ íõÚúÑöÖóÇäö Úóäú äõÕúÍö äóÇÕöÍò
ÚóáöãóÇ ÕöÏúÞóåõ¡ Åöáóì ÎóÈóÑö ãõÎúÈöÑò íóÔõßøóÇäö Ýöí ÕöÏúÞöåö¡ æóíóÊóæóÞøóÚóÇäö ÛõÑõæÑóåõ¡ æóáóÇ íóÔúÚõÑóÇäö ÈöÇáÓøõæÁö Ýöí ÇáúÃóÝúÚóÇáö¡ æóáóÇ Ýöí ÐóÑóÇÆöÚöåóÇ æóãõÞóÇÑóäóÇÊöåóÇ. áöÃóäøó Çááøóåó ÎóáóÞóåõãóÇ Ýöí ÚóÇáóãò ãóáóßöíøò. Ëõãøó ÊóØóæøóÑóÊú ÚóÞúáöíøóÊõåõãóÇ Åöáóì ØóæúÑö ÇáÊøóÕóÑøõÝö Ýöí ÊóÛúíöíÑö ÇáúæöÌúÏóÇäö. ÝóÊóßóæøóäó ÝöíåöãóÇ ÝöÚúáõ ãóÇ äõåöíóÇ Úóäúåõ. æóäóÔóÃó ãöäú Ðóáößó ÇáÊøóØóæøõÑö ÇáÔøõÚõæÑõ ÈöÇáÓøõæÁö áöáúÛóíúÑö¡ æóÈöÇáÓøõæÁö áöáäøóÝúÓö¡ æóÇáÔøõÚõæÑõ ÈöÇáúÃóÔúíóÇÁö ÇáøóÊöí ÊõÄóÏøöí Åöáóì ÇáÓøõæÁö. æóÊõÞóÇÑöäõ ÇáÓøõæÁó æóÊõáóÇÒöãõåõ.
Ëõãøó Åöäú ßóÇäó «ÇáÓøóæúÂÊõ» ÈöãóÚúäóì ãóÇ íóÓõæÁõ ãöäó ÇáäøóÞóÇÆöÕö¡ Ãóæú ßóÇäó ÈöãóÚúäóì ÇáúÚóæúÑóÇÊö ßóãóÇ ÊóÞóÏøóãó Ýöí Þóæúáöåö ÊóÚóÇáóì: áöíõÈúÏöíó áóåõãÇ ãóÇ æõæÑöíó ÚóäúåõãÇ ãöäú ÓóæúÂÊöåöãÇ [ÇáúÃóÚúÑóÇÝ: 20] ÝóÈõÏõæøõ Ðóáößó áóåõãóÇ ãõÞóÇÑöäñ ÐóæúÞó ÇáÔøóÌóÑóÉö ÇáøóÐöí åõæó ÃóËóÑõ ÇáúÅöÞúÏóÇãö Úóáóì ÇáúãóÚúÕöíóÉö æóäóÈúÐõ ÇáäøóÕöíÍóÉö Åöáóì ÇáöÇÞúÊöÏóÇÁö ÈöÇáúÛõÑõæÑö æóÇáöÇÛúÊöÑóÇÑö ÈöÞöÓúãöåö¡ ÝóÅöäøóåõãóÇ áóãøóÇ äóÔóÃóÊú ÝöíåöãóÇ ÝößúÑóÉõ ÇáÓøõæÁö Ýöí ÇáúÚóãóáö¡ æóÅöÑóÇÏóÉõ ÇáúÅöÞúÏóÇãö Úóáóíúåö¡ ÞóÇÑóäóÊú Êöáúßó ÇáúßóíúÝöíøóÉõ ÇáúÈóÇÚöËóÉõ Úóáóì ÇáúÝöÚúáö äóÔúÃóÉó ÇáöÇäúÝöÚóÇáö ÈöÇáúÃóÔúíóÇÁö ÇáÓøóíøöÆóÉö¡ æóåöíó ÇáúÃóÔúíóÇÁõ ÇáøóÊöí ÊóÙúåóÑõ ÈöåóÇ ÇáúÃóÝúÚóÇáõ ÇáÓøóíøöÆóÉõ¡ Ãóæú Êóßõæäõ ÐóÑöíÚóÉð ÅöáóíúåóÇ¡ ßóãóÇ ÊóäúÔóÃõ ãóÚúÑöÝóÉõ ÂáóÉö ÇáúÞóØúÚö ÚöäúÏó ÇáúÚóÒúãö Úóáóì ÇáúÞóÊúáö¡ æóãöäú ÝößúÑóÉö ÇáÓøóÑöÞóÉö ãóÚúÑöÝóÉõ ÇáúãóßóÇäö ÇáøóÐöí íóÎúÊóÝöí Ýöíåö¡ æóßóÐóáößó ÊóäúÔóÃõ ãóÚúÑöÝóÉõ ÇáúÃóÔúíóÇÁö ÇáøóÊöí ÊõáóÇÒöãõ ÇáÓøõæÁó æóÊõÞóÇÑöäõåõ¡ æóÅöäú áóãú Êóßõäú ÓóíøöÆóÉð Ýöí ÐóÇÊöåóÇ¡ ßóãóÇ ÊóäúÔóÃõ ãóÚúÑöÝóÉõ Çááøóíúáö ãöäú ÝößúÑóÉö ÇáÓøóÑöÞóÉö Ãóæö ÇáúÝöÑóÇÑö¡ ÝóÊóäúÔóÃõ Ýöí äõÝõæÓö ÇáäøóÇÓö ßóÑóÇåöíóÊõåõ æóäöÓúÈóÊõåõ Åöáóì ÅöÕúÏóÇÑö ÇáÔøõÑõæÑö¡ ÝóÇáÓøóæúÂÊõ Åöäú ßóÇäó ãóÚúäóÇåõ ãõØúáóÞõ ãóÇ íóÓõæÁõ ãöäúåõãóÇ æóäóÞóÇÆöÕõåõãóÇ Ýóåöíó ãöäú ÞóÈöíáö ÇáúÞöÓúãóíúäö¡ æóÅöäú ßóÇäó ãóÚúäóÇåõ ÇáúÚóæúÑóÉõ Ýóåöíó ãöäú ÞóÈöíáö ÇáúÞöÓúãö ÇáËøóÇäöí¡ ÃóÚúäöí ÇáÔøóíúÁó ÇáúãõÞóÇÑöäó áöãóÇ íóÓõæÁõ¡ áöÃóäøó ÇáúÚóæúÑóÉó ÊõÞóÇÑöäõ ÝöÚúáðÇ ÓóíøöÆðÇ ãöäó ÇáäøóÞóÇÆöÕö ÇáúãóÍúÓõæÓóÉö¡ æóÇááøóåõ ÃóæúÌóÏóåóÇ ÓóÈóÈó ãóÕóÇáöÍò¡ Ýóáóãú íóÔúÚõÑú ÂÏóãõ æóÒóæúÌõåõ ÈöÔóíúÁò ãöãøóÇ ÎõáöÞóÊú áöÃóÌúáöåö¡ æóÅöäøóãóÇ ÔóÚóÑóÇ ÈöãõÞóÇÑóäóÉö ÔóíúÁò ãóßúÑõæåò áöÐóáößó æóßõáøõ Ðóáößó äóÔóÃó ÈöÅöáúåóÇãò ãöäó Çááøóåö ÊóÚóÇáóì¡ æóåóÐóÇ ÇáÊøóØóæøõÑõ¡ ÇáøóÐöí ÃóÔóÇÑóÊú Åöáóíúåö ÇáúÂíóÉõ¡ ÞóÏú ÌóÚóáóåõ Çááøóåõ ÊóØóæøõÑðÇ ÝöØúÑöíøðÇ Ýöí ÐõÑøöíøóÉö ÂÏóãó¡ ÝóÇáØøöÝúáõ Ýöí Ãóæøóáö ÚõãúÑöåö íóßõæäõ ÈóÑöíÆðÇ ãöäú ÎóæóÇØöÑö ÇáÓøõæÁö ÝóáóÇ íóÓúÊóÇÁõ ãöäú ÊöáúÞóÇÁö äóÝúÓöåö ÅöáøóÇ ÅöÐóÇ áóÍöÞó Èöåö ãõÄúáöãñ ÎóÇÑöÌöíøñ¡(8-È/63)
Ëõãøó ÅöÐóÇ ÊóÑóÚúÑóÚó ÃóÎóÐóÊú ÎóæóÇØöÑõ ÇáÓøõæÁö ÊóäúÊóÇÈõåõ Ýöí ÈóÇØöäö äóÝúÓöåö ÝóíóÝúÑöÖõåóÇ æóíõæóáøöÏõåóÇ¡ æóíóäúÝóÚöáõ ÈöåóÇ Ãóæú íóÝúÚóáõ ÈöãóÇ ÊõÔöíÑõ Èöåö Úóáóíúåö.
æóÞóæúáõåõ: æóØóÝöÞÇ íóÎúÕöÝÇäö ÚóáóíúåöãÇ ãöäú æóÑóÞö ÇáúÌóäøóÉö ÍößóÇíóÉñ áöÇÈúÊöÏóÇÁö Úóãóáö ÇáúÅöäúÓóÇäö áöÓóÊúÑö äóÞóÇÆöÕöåö¡ æóÊõÍöíáõåõ Úóáóì ÊóÌóäøõÈö ãóÇ íóßúÑóåõåõ¡ æóÚóáóì ÊóÍúÓöíäö ÍóÇáöåö ÈöÍóÓúÈö ãóÇ íõÎóíøöáõ Åöáóíúåö ÎóíóÇáõåõ¡ æóåóÐóÇ Ãóæøóáõ ãóÙúåóÑò ãöäú ãóÙóÇåöÑö ÇáúÍóÖóÇÑóÉö ÃóäúÔóÃóåõ Çááøóåõ Ýöí ÚóÞúáóíú ÃóÕúáóíö ÇáúÈóÔóÑö¡ ÝóÅöäøóåõãóÇ áóãøóÇ ÔóÚóÑóÇ ÈöÓóæúÂÊöåöãóÇ ÈößöáóÇ ÇáúãóÚúäóíóíúäö¡ ÚóÑóÝóÇ ÈóÚúÖó ÌõÒúÆöíøóÇÊöåóÇ¡ æóåöíó ÇáúÚóæúÑóÉõ æóÍóÏóËó Ýöí äõÝõæÓöåöãóÇ ÇáÔøõÚõæÑõ ÈöÞõÈúÍö ÈõÑõæÒöåóÇ¡ ÝóÔóÑóÚóÇ íõÎúÝöíóÇäöåóÇ Úóäú ÃóäúÙóÇÑöåöãóÇ ÇÓúÊöÈúÔóÇÚðÇ æóßóÑóÇåöíóÉð¡ æóÅöÐú ÞóÏú ÔóÚóÑóÇ ÈöÐóáößó ÈöÇáúÅöáúåóÇãö
ÇáúÝöØúÑöíøö¡ ÍóíúËõ áóÇ ãõáóÞøöäó íõáóÞøöäõåõãóÇ Ðóáößó¡ æóáóÇ ÊóÚúáöíãó íõÚóáøöãõåõãóÇ¡ ÊóÞóÑøóÑó Ýöí äõÝõæÓö ÇáäøóÇÓö Ãóäøó ßóÔúÝó ÇáúÚóæúÑóÉö ÞóÈöíÍñ Ýöí ÇáúÝöØúÑóÉö¡ æóÃóäøó ÓóÊúÑóåóÇ ãõÊóÚóíøóäñ¡ æóåóÐóÇ ãöäú Íõßúãö ÇáúÞõæøóÉö ÇáúæóÇåöãóÉö ÇáøóÐöí ÞóÇÑóäó ÇáúÈóÔóÑó Ýöí äóÔúÃóÊöåö¡ ÝóÏóáøó Úóáóì Ãóäøóåõ æóåúãñ ÝöØúÑöíøñ ãõÊóÃóÕøöáñ¡ ÝóáöÐóáößó ÌóÇÁó Ïöíäõ ÇáúÝöØúÑóÉö ÈöÊóÞúÑöíÑö ÓóÊúÑö ÇáúÚóæúÑóÉö¡ ãõÔóÇíóÚóÉð áöãóÇ ÇÓúÊóÞóÑøó Ýöí äõÝõæÓö ÇáúÈóÔóÑö¡ æóÞóÏú ÌóÚóáó Çááøóåõ áöáúÞõæøóÉö ÇáúæóÇåöãóÉö ÓõáúØóÇäðÇ Úóáóì äõÝõæÓö ÇáúÈóÔóÑö Ýöí ÚõÕõæÑò ØóæöíáóÉò¡ áöÃóäøó Ýöí ÇÊøöÈóÇÚöåóÇ ÚóæúäðÇ Úóáóì ÊóåúÐöíÈö ØöÈóÇÚöåö¡ æóäóÒúÚö ÇáúÌóáóÇÝóÉö ÇáúÍóíóæóÇäöíøóÉö ãöäó ÇáäøóæúÚö¡ áöÃóäøó ÇáúæóÇåöãóÉó áóÇ ÊõæÌóÏõ Ýöí ÇáúÍóíóæóÇäö¡ Ëõãøó ÃóÎóÐóÊö ÇáÔøóÑóÇÆöÚõ¡ æóæóÕóÇíóÇ ÇáúÍõßóãóÇÁö¡ æóÂÏóÇÈõ ÇáúãõÑóÈøöíäó¡ ÊõÒöíáõ ãöäú ÚõÞõæáö ÇáúÈóÔóÑö ãõÊóÇÈóÚóÉó ÇáúÃóæúåóÇãö ÊóÏúÑöíÌðÇ ãóÚó ÇáÒøóãóÇäö¡ æóáóÇ íõÈúÞõæäó ãöäúåóÇ ÅöáøóÇ ãóÇ áóÇ ÈõÏøó ãöäúåõ áöÇÓúÊöÈúÞóÇÁö ÇáúÝóÖöíáóÉö Ýöí ÇáúÚóÇÏóÉö Èóíúäó ÇáúÈóÔóÑö¡ ÍóÊøóì ÌóÇÁó ÇáúÅöÓúáóÇãõ æóåõæó ÇáÔøóÑöíÚóÉõ ÇáúÎóÇÊöãóÉõ ÝóßóÇäó äóæúØõ ÇáúÃóÍúßóÇãö Ýöí Ïöíäö ÇáúÅöÓúáóÇãö ÈöÇáúÃõãõæÑö ÇáúæóåúãöíøóÉö ãõáúÛðì Ýöí ÛóÇáöÈö ÇáúÃóÍúßóÇãö¡ ßóãóÇ ÝóÕøóáúÊõåõ Ýöí ßöÊóÇÈö «ãóÞóÇÕöÏö ÇáÔøóÑöíÚóÉö» æóßöÊóÇÈö «ÃõÕõæáö äöÙóÇãö ÇáöÇÌúÊöãóÇÚö Ýöí ÇáúÅöÓúáóÇãö» .
æóÇáúÎóÕúÝõ ÍóÞöíÞóÊõåõ ÊóÞúæöíóÉõ ÇáØøóÈóÞóÉö ãöäó ÇáäøóÚúáö ÈöØóÈóÞóÉò ÃõÎúÑóì áöÊóÔúÊóÏøó¡ æóíõÓúÊóÚúãóáõ ãóÌóÇÒðÇ ãõÑúÓóáðÇ Ýöí ãõØúáóÞö ÇáÊøóÞúæöíóÉö áöáúÎöÑúÞóÉö æóÇáËøóæúÈö¡ æóãöäúåõ ËóæúÈñ ÎóÕöíÝñ Ãóíú ãóÎúÕõæÝñ Ãóíú ÛóáöíÙõ ÇáäøóÓúÌö áóÇ íóÔöÝøõ ÚóãøóÇ ÊóÍúÊóåõ¡ ÝóãóÚúäóì íóÎúÕöÝóÇäö íóÖóÚóÇäö Úóáóì ÚóæúÑóÇÊöåöãóÇ ÇáúæóÑóÞó ÈóÚúÖóåõ Úóáóì ÈóÚúÖò ßóÝöÚúáö ÇáúÎóÇÕöÝö¡ æóÖúÚðÇ ãõáúÒóÞðÇ ãõÊóãóßøóäðÇ¡ æóåóÐóÇ åõæó ÇáÙøóÇåöÑõ åõäóÇ ÅöÐú áóãú íóÞõáú íóÎúÕöÝóÇäö æóÑóÞó ÇáúÌóäøóÉö.(8-È/64)
ÞóÇáóÇ ÑóÈøóäóÇ ÙóáóãúäóÇ ÃóäúÝõÓóäóÇ æóÅöäú áóãú ÊóÛúÝöÑú áóäóÇ æóÊóÑúÍóãúäóÇ áóäóßõæäóäøó ãöäó ÇáúÎóÇÓöÑöíäó (23)
æó (ãöäú) Ýöí Þóæúáöåö: ãöäú æóÑóÞö ÇáúÌóäøóÉö íóÌõæÒõ ßóæúäõåóÇ ÇÓúãðÇ ÈöãóÚúäóì ÈóÚúÖò Ýöí ãóæúÖöÚö ãóÝúÚõæáö íóÎúÕöÝÇäö Ãóíú íóÎúÕöÝóÇäö ÈóÚúÖó æóÑóÞö ÇáúÌóäøóÉö¡ ßóãóÇ Ýöí Þóæúáöåö: ãöäó ÇáøóÐöíäó åÇÏõæÇ íõÍóÑøöÝõæäó¡ æóíóÌõæÒõ ßóæúäõåóÇ ÈóíóÇäöíøóÉð áöãóÝúÚõæáò ãóÍúÐõæÝò íóÞúÊóÖöíåö: «íóÎúÕöÝÇäö æóÇáÊøóÞúÏöíÑõ: íóÎúÕöÝóÇäö ÎóÕúÝðÇ ãöäú æÑÞ ÇáúÌäøóÉ.
[23]
[ÓõæÑóÉ ÇáúÃóÚúÑóÇÝ (7) : ÂíóÉ 23]
ÞóÇáóÇ ÑóÈøóäÇ ÙóáóãúäÇ ÃóäúÝõÓóäÇ æóÅöäú áóãú ÊóÛúÝöÑú áóäÇ æóÊóÑúÍóãúäÇ áóäóßõæäóäøó ãöäó ÇáúÎÇÓöÑöíäó (23)
ÚóØúÝñ Úóáóì ÌóæóÇÈö (áóãøóÇ) ¡ Ýóåõæó ãöãøóÇ ÍóÕóáó ÚöäúÏó ÐóæúÞö ÇáÔøóÌóÑóÉö¡ æóÞóÏú ÑõÊøöÈó ÇáúÅöÎúÈóÇÑõ Úóäö ÇáúÃõãõæÑö ÇáúÍóÇÕöáóÉö ÚöäúÏó ÐóæúÞö ÇáÔøóÌóÑóÉö Úóáóì ÍóÓóÈö ÊóÑúÊöíÈö ÍõÕõæáöåóÇ Ýöí ÇáúæõÌõæÏö. ÝóÅöäøóåõãóÇ ÈóÏóÊú áóåõãóÇ ÓóæúÂÊõåõãóÇ ÝóØóÝöÞóÇ íóÎúÕöÝóÇäö. æóÃóÚúÞóÈó Ðóáößó äöÏóÇÁõ Çááøóåö ÅöíøóÇåõãóÇ.
æóåóÐóÇ ÃóÕúáñ Ýöí ÊóÑúÊöíÈö ÇáúÌõãóáö Ýöí ÕöäóÇÚóÉö ÇáúÅöäúÔóÇÁö¡ ÅöáøóÇ ÅöÐóÇ ÇÞúÊóÖóì ÇáúãóÞóÇãõ ÇáúÚõÏõæáó Úóäú Ðóáößó¡ æóäóÙöíÑõ åóÐóÇ ÇáÊøóÑúÊöíÈö ãóÇ Ýöí Þóæúáöåö ÊóÚóÇáóì: æóáóãøóÇ ÌÇÁóÊú ÑõÓõáõäÇ áõæØÇð ÓöíÁó Èöåöãú æóÖÇÞó Èöåöãú ÐóÑúÚÇð æóÞÇáó åóÐóÇ íóæúãñ ÚóÕöíÈñ [åæÏ: 77] æóÞóÏú ÈóíøóäúÊõåõ Ýöí ßöÊóÇÈö «ÃõÕõæáö ÇáúÅöäúÔóÇÁö æóÇáúÎóØóÇÈóÉö»
æóáóãú ÃóÚúáóãú Ãóäøöí ÓõÈöÞúÊõ Åöáóì ÇáöÇåúÊöÏóÇÁö Åöáóíúåö.
æóÞóÏú ÊóÃóÎøóÑó äöÏóÇÁõ ÇáÑøóÈøö ÅöíøóÇåõãóÇ Åöáóì Ãóäú ÈóÏóÊú áóåõãóÇ ÓóæúÂÊõåõãóÇ¡ æóÊóÍóíøóáóÇ áöÓóÊúÑö ÚóæúÑóÇÊöåöãóÇ áöíóßõæäó áöáÊøóæúÈöíÎö æóÞúÚñ ãóßöíäñ ãöäú äõÝõæÓöåöãóÇ¡ Íöíäó íóÞóÚõ ÈóÚúÏó Ãóäú ÊóÙúåóÑó áóåõãóÇ ãóÝóÇÓöÏõ ÚöÕúíóÇäöåöãóÇ¡ ÝóíóÚúáóãóÇ Ãóäøó ÇáúÎóíúÑó Ýöí ØóÇÚóÉö Çááøóåö¡ æóÃóäøó Ýöí ÚöÕúíóÇäöåö ÖõÑøðÇ.
æóÇáäøöÏóÇÁõ ÍóÞöíÞóÊõåõ ÇÑúÊöÝóÇÚõ ÇáÕøóæúÊö æóåõæó ãõÔúÊóÞøñ ãöäó ÇáäøóÏóì- ÈöÝóÊúÍö Çáäøõæäö æóÇáúÞóÕúÑö- æóåõæó ÈõÚúÏõ ÇáÕøóæúÊö¡ ÞóÇáó ãöÏúËóÇÑõ Èúäõ ÔóíúÈóÇäó ÇáäøóãöÑöíøõ:
ÝóÞáÊ ÇÏÚöí æÃÏÚæÇ Åöäøó ÃóäúÏóì ... áöÕóæúÊò Ãóäú íõäóÇÏöíó ÏóÇÚöíóÇäö(8-È/65)
æóåõæó ãóÌóÇÒñ ãóÔúåõæÑñ Ýöí ÇáúßóáóÇãö ÇáøóÐöí íõÑóÇÏõ Èöåö ØóáóÈõ ÅöÞúÈóÇáö ÃóÍóÏò Åöáóíúßó¡ æóáóåõ ÍõÑõæÝñ ãóÚúÑõæÝóÉñ Ýöí ÇáúÚóÑóÈöíøóÉö: ÊóÏõáøõ Úóáóì ØóáóÈö ÇáúÅöÞúÈóÇáö¡ æóÞóÏú ÔóÇÚó ÅöØúáóÇÞõ ÇáäøöÏóÇÁö Úóáóì åóÐóÇ ÍóÊøóì ÕóÇÑó ãöäó ÇáúÍóÞöíÞóÉö¡ æóÊóÝóÑøóÚó Úóäúåõ ØóáóÈõ ÇáúÅöÕúÛóÇÁö æóÅöÞúÈóÇáõ ÇáÐøöåúäö ãöäó ÇáúÞóÑöíÈö ãöäúßó¡ æóåõæó ÅöÞúÈóÇáñ ãóÌóÇÒöíøñ.
æóäÇÏÇåõãÇ ÑóÈøõåõãÇ ãõÓúÊóÚúãóáñ Ýöí ÇáúãóÚúäóì ÇáúãóÔúåõæÑö: æóåõæó ØóáóÈõ ÇáúÅöÞúÈóÇáö¡ Úóáóì Ãóäøó ÇáúÅöÞúÈóÇáó ãóÌóÇÒöíøñ áóÇ ãóÍóÇáóÉó Ýóíóßõæäõ ßóÞóæúáöå ÊóÚóÇáóì: æÒßÑíÇÁ ÅöÐú äóÇÏóì ÑóÈøóåõ [ÇáúÃóäúÈöíóÇÁ: 89] æóåõæó ßóËöíÑñ Ýöí ÇáúßóáóÇãö.
æóíóÌõæÒõ Ãóäú íóßõæäó ãõÓúÊóÚúãóáðÇ Ýöí ÇáúßóáóÇãö ÈöÕóæúÊò ãõÑúÊóÝöÚò ßóÞóæúáöåö ÊóÚóÇáóì: ßóãóËóáö ÇáøóÐöí íóäúÚöÞõ ÈöãÇ áóÇ íóÓúãóÚõ ÅöáøóÇ ÏõÚÇÁð æóäöÏÇÁð [ÇáúÈóÞóÑóÉ: 171] æóÞóæúáöåö: æóäõæÏõæÇ Ãóäú Êöáúßõãõ ÇáúÌóäøóÉõ ÃõæÑöËúÊõãõæåÇ [ÇáúÃóÚúÑóÇÝ: 43] æóÞóæúáõ ÈóÔøóÇÑò:
äóÇÏóíúÊõ Åöäøó ÇáúÍõÈøó ÃóÔúÚóÑóäöí ... ÞóÊúáðÇ æóãóÇ ÃóÍúÏóËúÊõ ãöäú ÐóäúÈö
æóÑóÝúÚõ ÇáÕøóæúÊö íóßõæäõ áöÃóÛúÑóÇÖò¡ æóãóÍúãóáõåõ åõäóÇ Úóáóì Ãóäøóåõ ÕóæúÊõ ÛóÖóÈò æóÊóæúÈöíÎò.
æóÙóÇåöÑõ ÅöÓúäóÇÏö ÇáäøöÏóÇÁö Åöáóì Çááøóåö Ãóäøó Çááøóåó äóÇÏóÇåõãóÇ ÈößóáóÇãò ÈöÏõæäö æóÇÓöØóÉö ãóáóßò ãõÑúÓóáò¡ ãöËúáó ÇáúßóáóÇãö ÇáøóÐöí ßóáøóãó Çááøóåõ Èöåö ãõæÓóì¡ æóåóÐóÇ æóÇÞöÚñ ÞóÈúáó ÇáúåõÈõæØö Åöáóì ÇáúÃóÑúÖö¡ ÝóáóÇ íõäóÇÝöí ãóÇ æóÑóÏó ãöäú Ãóäøó ãõæÓóì åõæó Ãóæøóáõ äóÈöíÁò ßóáøóãóåõ Çááøóåõ ÊóÚóÇáóì ÈöáóÇ æóÇÓöØóÉò¡ æóíóÌõæÒõ Ãóäú íóßõæäó äöÏóÇÁõ ÂÏóãó ÈöæóÇÓöØóÉö ÃóÍóÏö ÇáúãóáóÇÆößóÉö.
æóÌõãúáóÉ: Ãáã ÃäåÇßãÇ Ýöí ãóæúÖöÚö ÇáúÈóíóÇäö áöÌõãúáóÉö (äóÇÏóÇåõãóÇ) ¡ æóáöåóÐóÇ ÝõÕöáóÊö ÇáúÌõãúáóÉõ Úóäö ÇáøóÊöí ÞóÈúáóåóÇ.
æóÇáöÇÓúÊöÝúåóÇãõ Ýöí Ãáã ÃäåÇßãÇ áöáÊøóÞúÑöíÑö æóÇáÊøóæúÈöíÎö¡ æóÃõæáöíó ÍóÑúÝõ ÇáäøóÝúíö ÒöíóÇÏóÉð Ýöí
ÇáÊøóÞúÑöíÑö¡ áöÃóäøó äóåúíó Çááøóåö ÅöíøóÇåõãóÇ æóÇÞÚ ÝÇäÊÝÇÄå ãäÊÝÇ¡ ÝóÅöÐóÇ ÃõÏúÎöáóÊú ÃóÏóÇÉõ ÇáÊøóÞúÑöíÑö æóÃóÞóÑøó ÇáúãõÞóÑøöÑõ ÈöÖöÏøö ÇáäøóÝúíö ßóÇäó ÅöÞúÑóÇÑõåõ ÃóÞúæóì Ýöí ÇáúãõÄóÇÎóÐóÉö ÈöãõæÌóÈöåö¡ áÃäøå ÞÏ åííÁ áóåõ ÓóÈöíáõ ÇáúÅöäúßóÇÑö¡ áóæú ßóÇäó íóÓúÊóØöíÚõ ÅöäúßóÇÑðÇ¡ ßóãóÇ ÊóÞóÏøóãó ÚöäúÏó Þóæúáå ÊóÚóÇáóì: ÇãóÚúÔóÑó ÇáúÌöäøö æóÇáúÅöäúÓö Ãóáóãú íóÃúÊößõãú ÑõÓõáñ ãöäúßõãú
ÇáúÂíóÉó Ýöí ÓõæÑóÉö ÇáúÃóäúÚóÇãö [130] ¡ æóáöÐóáößó ÇÚúÊóÑóÝóÇ ÈöÃóäøóåõãóÇ ÙóáóãóÇ ÃóäúÝóÓóåõãóÇ.(8-È/66)
ÞóÇáó ÇåúÈöØõæÇ ÈóÚúÖõßõãú áöÈóÚúÖò ÚóÏõæøñ æóáóßõãú Ýöí ÇáúÃóÑúÖö ãõÓúÊóÞóÑøñ æóãóÊóÇÚñ Åöáóì Íöíäò (24)
æóÚóØúÝõ ÌõãúáóÉö: æóÃóÞõáú áóßõãÇ Úóáóì ÌõãúáóÉö: ÃóäúåóßõãÇ áöáúãõÈóÇáóÛóÉö Ýöí ÇáÊøóæúÈöíÎö¡ áöÃóäøó Çáäøóåúíó ßóÇäó ãóÔúÝõæÚðÇ ÈöÇáÊøóÍúÐöíÑö ãöäó ÇáÔøóíúØóÇäö ÇáøóÐöí åõæó ÇáúãõÛúÑöí áóåõãóÇ ÈöÇáúÃóßúáö ãöäó ÇáÔøóÌóÑóÉö¡ ÝóåõãóÇ ÞóÏú ÃóÖóÇÚóÇ æóÕöíøóÊóíúäö. æóÇáúãóÞúÕõæÏõ ãöäú ÍößóÇíóÉö åóÐóÇ ÇáúÞóæúáö åõäóÇ ÊóÐúßöíÑõ ÇáúÃõãøóÉö ÈöÚóÏóÇæóÉö ÇáÔøóíúØóÇäö áöÃóÕúáö äóæúÚö ÇáúÈóÔóÑö¡ ÝóíóÚúáóãõæÇ ÃóäøóåóÇ ÚóÏóÇæóÉñ Èóíúäó ÇáäøóæúÚóíúäö¡ ÝóíóÍúÐóÑõæÇ ãöäú ßõáøö ãóÇ åõæó ãóäúÓõæÈñ Åöáóì ÇáÔøóíúØóÇäö æóãóÚúÏõæÏñ ãöäú æóÓúæóÓóÊöåö¡ ÝóÅöäøóåõ áóãøóÇ ÌõÈöáó Úáì ÇáúÎÈË æÇáÎÑí ßóÇäó íóÏúÚõæ Åöáóì Ðóáöß ÈØÈÚå æóßóÇäó áóÇ íóåúäóÃõ áóåõ ÈóÇáñ ãóÇ ÏóÇãó ÚóÏõæøõåõ æóãóÍúÓõæÏõåõ Ýöí ÍóÇáóÉò ÍóÓóäóÉò.
æóÇáúãõÈöíäõ ÃóÕúáõåõ ÇáúãõÙúåöÑõ¡ Ãóíú áöáúÚóÏóÇæóÉö ÈöÍóíúËõ áóÇ ÊóÎúÝóì Úóáóì ãóäú íóÊóÊóÈøóÚõ ÂËóÇÑó æóÓúæóÓóÊöåö æóÊóÛúÑöíÑöåö¡ æóãóÇ ÚóÇãóáó Èöåö ÂÏóãó ãöäú Íöíäö ÎóáúÞöåö Åöáóì Íöíäö ÛõÑõæÑöåö Èöåö ÝóÝöí Ðóáößó ßõáøöåö ÅöÈóÇäóÉñ Úóäú ÚóÏóÇæóÊöåö¡ æóæóÌúåõ Êöáúßó ÇáúÚóÏóÇæóÉö Ãóäøó ØóÈúÚóåõ íõäóÇÝöí ãóÇ Ýöí ÇáúÅöäúÓóÇäö ãöäó ÇáúßóãóÇáö ÇáúÝöØúÑöíøö ÇáúãõÄóíøóÏö ÈöÇáÊøóæúÝöíÞö æóÇáúÅöÑúÔóÇÏö ÇáúÅöáóåöíøö¡ ÝóáóÇ íõÍöÈøõ Ãóäú íóßõæäó ÇáúÅöäúÓóÇäõ ÅöáøóÇ Ýöí ÍóÇáóÉö ÇáÖøóáóÇáö æóÇáúÝóÓóÇÏö.
æóíóÌõæÒõ Ãóäú íóßõæäó ÇáúãõÈöíäõ ãõÓúÊóÚúãóáðÇ ãóÌóÇÒðÇ Ýöí ÇáúÞóæöíøö ÇáÔøóÏöíÏö áöÃóäøó ÔóÃúäó ÇáúæóÕúÝö ÇáÔøóÏöíÏö Ãóäú íóÙúåóÑó áöáúÚöíóÇäö.
æóÞóÏú ÞóÇáóÇ: ÑóÈøóäÇ ÙóáóãúäÇ ÃóäúÝõÓóäÇ ÇÚúÊöÑóÇÝðÇ ÈöÇáúÚöÕúíóÇäö¡ æóÈöÃóäøóåõãóÇ ÚóáöãóÇ Ãóäøó ÖõÑøó ÇáúãóÚúÕöíóÉö ÚóÇÏó ÚóáóíúåöãóÇ¡ ÝóßóÇäóÇ ÙóÇáöãóíúäö áöÃóäúÝõÓöåöãóÇ ÅöÐú ÌóÑøóÇ Úóáóì ÃóäúÝõÓöåöãóÇ ÇáÏøõÎõæáó Ýöí ØóæúÑö ÙõåõæÑö ÇáÓøóæúÂÊö¡ æóãóÔóÞøóÉö ÇÊøöÎóÇÐö ãóÇ íóÓúÊõÑõ ÚóæúÑóÇÊöåöãóÇ¡ æóÈöÃóäøóåõãóÇ ÌóÑøóÇ Úóáóì ÃóäúÝõÓöåöãóÇ ÛóÖóÈó Çááøóåö ÊóÚóÇáóì¡ ÝóåõãóÇ Ýöí ÊóæóÞøõÚö ÍõÞõæÞö ÇáúÚóÐóÇÈö¡ æóÞóÏú ÌóÒóãóÇ ÈöÃóäøóåõãóÇ íóßõæäóÇäö ãöäó ÇáúÎóÇÓöÑöíäó Åöäú áóãú íóÛúÝöÑö Çááøóåõ áóåõãóÇ¡ ÅöãøóÇ ÈöØóÑöíÞö ÇáúÅöáúåóÇãö Ãóæú äóæúÚò ãöäó ÇáúæóÍúíö¡ æóÅöãøóÇ ÈöÇáöÇÓúÊöÏúáóÇáö Úáì ÇáÚæÇÞÈ ÈÇáãÈÇÏìÁ¡ ÝóÅöäøóåõãóÇ ÑóÃóíóÇ ãä ÇáúÚöÕúíóÇä ÈæÇÏìÁ ÇáÖøõÑøö æóÇáÔøóÑøö¡ ÝóÚóáöãóÇ Ãóäøóåõ ãöäú ÛóÖóÈö Çááøóåö æóãöäú ãõÎóÇáóÝóÉö æöÕóÇíóÊöåö¡ æóÞóÏú ÃóßøóÏóÇ ÌõãúáóÉó ÌóæóÇÈö ÇáÔøóÑúØö ÈöáóÇãö ÇáúÞóÓóãö æóäõæäö ÇáÊøóæúßöíÏö ÅöÙúåóÇÑðÇ áöÊóÍúÞöíÞö ÇáúÎõÓúÑóÇäö ÇÓúÊöÑúÍóÇãðÇ æóÇÓúÊöÛúÝóÇÑðÇ ãöäó Çááå ÊóÚóÇáóì.
[24]
[ÓõæÑóÉ ÇáúÃóÚúÑóÇÝ (7) : ÂíóÉ 24]
ÞÇáó ÇåúÈöØõæÇ ÈóÚúÖõßõãú áöÈóÚúÖò ÚóÏõæøñ æóáóßõãú Ýöí ÇáúÃóÑúÖö ãõÓúÊóÞóÑøñ æóãóÊÇÚñ Åöáì Íöíäò (24)(8-È/67)
Øóæóì ÇáúÞõÑúÂäõ åõäóÇ ÐößúÑó ÇáÊøóæúÈóÉö Úóáóì ÂÏóãó: áöÃóäøó ÇáúãóÞúÕõæÏó ãöäó ÇáúÞöÕøóÉö Ýöí åóÐöåö ÇáÓøõæÑóÉö ÇáÊøóÐúßöíÑõ ÈöÚóÏóÇæóÉö ÇáÔøóíúØóÇäö æóÊóÍúÐöíÑõ ÇáäøóÇÓö ãöäó ÇÊøöÈóÇÚö æóÓúæóÓóÊöåö¡ æóÅöÙúåóÇÑõ ãóÇ íõÚúÞöÈõåõ ÇÊøöÈóÇÚõåõ ãöäó ÇáúÎõÓúÑóÇäö æóÇáúÝóÓóÇÏö¡ æóãóÞóÇãõ åóÐöåö ÇáúãóæúÚöÙóÉö íóÞúÊóÖöí ÇáúÅöÚúÑóÇÖó Úóäú ÐößúÑö ÇáÊøóæúÈóÉö áöáöÇÞúÊöÕóÇÑö Úóáóì ÃóÓúÈóÇÈö ÇáúÎóÓóÇÑóÉö¡ æóÞóÏú ÐõßöÑóÊö ÇáÊøóæúÈóÉõ Ýöí ÂíóÉö ÇáúÈóÞóÑóÉö ÇáúãóÞúÕõæÏö ãöäúåóÇ ÈóíóÇäõ ÝóÖúáö ÂÏóãó æóßóÑóÇãóÊöåö ÚöäúÏó ÑóÈøöåö¡ æóáößõáøö ãóÞóÇãò ãóÞóÇáñ. æóÇáúÎöØóÇÈõ áöÂÏóãó æóÒóæúÌöåö æóÅöÈúáöíÓó. æóÇáúÃóãúÑõ Êóßúæöíäöíøñ¡ æóÈöåö ÕóÇÑó ÂÏóãõ æóÒóæúÌõåõ æóÅöÈúáöíÓõ ãöäú ÓõßøóÇäö ÇáúÃóÑúÖö.
æóÌõãúáóÉõ: ÈóÚúÖõßõãú áöÈóÚúÖò ÚóÏõæøñ Ýöí ãóæúÖöÚö ÇáúÍóÇáö ãöäú ÖóãöíÑö: ÇåúÈöØõæÇ ÇáúãóÑúÝõæÚö ÈöÇáúÃóãúÑö ÇáÊøóßúæöíäöíøö ÝóåóÐöåö ÇáúÍóÇáõ ÃóíúÖðÇ ÊõÝöíÏõ ãóÚúäðì ÊóßúæöíäöíøðÇ æóåõæó ãõÞóÇÑóäóÉõ ÇáúÚóÏóÇæóÉö Èóíúäóåõãú áöæõÌõæÏöåöãóÇ Ýöí ÇáúÃóÑúÖö¡ æóåóÐóÇ ÇáÊøóßúæöíäõ ÊóÃóßøóÏóÊú Èöåö ÇáúÚóÏóÇæóÉõ ÇáúÌöÈöáøöíøóÉõ ÇáÓøóÇÈöÞóÉõ ÝóÑóÓóÎóÊú æóÒóÇÏóÊú¡ æóÇáúãõÑóÇÏõ ÈöÇáúÈóÚúÖö ÇáúÈóÚúÖõ ÇáúãõÎóÇáöÝõ Ýöí ÇáúÌöäúÓö¡ ÝóÃóÍóÏõ ÇáúÈóÚúÖóíúäö åõæó ÂÏóãõ æóÒóæúÌõåõ¡ æóÇáúÈóÚúÖõ ÇáúÂÎóÑõ åõæó ÅöÈúáöíÓõ¡ æóÅöÐú ÞóÏú ßóÇäóÊú åóÐöåö ÇáúÚóÏóÇæóÉõ ÊóßúæöíäöíøóÉð Èóíúäó ÃóÕúáóíö ÇáúÌöäúÓóíúäö¡ ßóÇäóÊú ãóæúÑõæËóÉð Ýöí äóÓúáóíúåöãóÇ¡ æóÇáúãóÞúÕõæÏõ ÊóÐúßöíÑõ Èóäöí ÂÏóãó ÈöÚóÏóÇæóÉö ÇáÔøóíúØóÇäö áóåõãú æóáöÃóÕúáöåöãú áöíóÊøóåöãõæÇ ßõáøó æóÓúæóÓóÉò ÊóÃúÊöíåöãú ãöäú ÞöÈóáöåö¡ æóÞóÏú äóÔóÃóÊú åóÐöåö ÇáúÚóÏóÇæóÉõ Úóäú ÍóÓóÏö ÅöÈúáöíÓó¡ Ëõãøó ÓóÑóÊú æóÊóÔóÌøóÑóÊú ÝóÕóÇÑóÊú ÚóÏóÇæóÉð ÊóÇãøóÉð Ýöí ÓóÇÆöÑö äóæóÇÍöí ÇáúæõÌõæÏö¡ Ýóåöíó ãõäúÈóËøóÉñ Ýöí ÇáÊøóÝúßöíÑö æóÇáúÌóÓóÏö¡ æóãõÞúÊóÖöíóÉñ ÊóãóÇãó ÇáÊøóäóÇÝõÑö Èóíúäó ÇáäøóæúÚóíúäö.
æóÅöÐú ÞóÏú ßóÇäóÊú äõÝõæÓõ ÇáÔøóíóÇØöíäö ÏóÇÚöíóÉð Åöáóì ÇáÔøóÑøö ÈöÇáúÌöÈöáøóÉö ÊóÚóíøóäó Ãóäøó ÚóÞúáó ÇáúÅöäúÓóÇäö ãõäúÕóÑöÝñ ÈöÌöÈöáøóÊöåö Åöáóì ÇáúÎóíúÑö¡ æóáóßöäøóåõ ãõÚúÑöÖñ áöæóÓúæóÓóÉö ÇáÔøóíóÇØöíäö ÝóíóÞóÚõ Ýöí ÔõÐõæÐò Úóäú ÃóÕúáö ÝöØúÑóÊöåö¡ æóÝöí åóÐóÇ ãóÇ íóßõæäõ ãöÝúÊóÇÍðÇ áöãóÚúäóì ßóæúäö ÇáäøóÇÓö íõæáóÏõæäó Úóáóì ÇáúÝöØúÑóÉö¡ æóßóæúäö ÇáúÅöÓúáóÇãö Ïöíäó ÇáúÝöØúÑóÉö¡ æóßóæúäö ÇáúÃóÕúáö Ýöí ÇáäøóÇÓö ÇáúÎóíúÑó. ÃóãøóÇ ßóæúäõ ÇáúÃóÕúáö Ýöí ÇáäøóÇÓö ÇáúÚóÏóÇáóÉó Ãóæö ÇáúÌóÑúÍö ÝóÐóáößó ãóäúÙõæÑñ Ýöíåö Åöáóì ÎóÔúíóÉö ÇáúæõÞõæÚö Ýöí ÇáÔøõÐõæÐö¡ ãöäú ÍóíúËõ áóÇ íóÏúÑöí ÇáúÍóÇßöãõ æóáóÇ ÇáÑøóÇæöí¡ áöÃóäøó ÃóÍúæóÇáó ÇáúæõÞõæÚö Ýöí Ðóáößó ÇáÔøõÐõæÐö ãõÈúåóãóÉñ ÝóæóÌóÈó ÇáÊøóÈóÕøõÑõ Ýöí ÌóãöíÚö ÇáúÃóÍúæóÇáö.(8-È/68)
ÞóÇáó ÝöíåóÇ ÊóÍúíóæúäó æóÝöíåóÇ ÊóãõæÊõæäó æóãöäúåóÇ ÊõÎúÑóÌõæäó (25)
æóÚõØöÝóÊú ÌõãúáóÉõ: æóáóßõãú Ýöí ÇáúÃóÑúÖö ãõÓúÊóÞóÑøñ Úóáóì ÌõãúáóÉö: ÈóÚúÖõßõãú áöÈóÚúÖò ÚóÏõæøñ.
æóÇáúãõÓúÊóÞóÑøõ ãóÕúÏóÑñ ãöíãöíøñ æóÇáöÇÓúÊöÞúÑóÇÑõ åõæó ÇáúãõßúËõ æóÞóÏú ÊóÞóÏøóãó ÇáúÞóæúáõ Ýöíåö ÚöäúÏó Þóæúáöåö ÊóÚóÇáóì:
áößõáøö äóÈóÅò ãõÓúÊóÞóÑøñ [ÇáúÃóäúÚóÇã: 67]- æóÞóæúáöåö- ÝóãõÓúÊóÞóÑøñ æóãõÓúÊóæúÏóÚñ Ýöí ÓõæÑóÉö ÇáúÃóäúÚóÇãö [98] .
æóÇáúãõÑóÇÏõ Èöåö ÇáúæõÌõæÏõ Ãóíú æõÌõæÏõ äóæúÚö ÇáúÅöäúÓóÇäö æóÈöÎóÕóÇÆöÕöåö æóáóíúÓó ÇáúãõÑóÇÏõ Èöåö ÇáÏøóÝúäó ßóãóÇ ÝóÓøóÑó Èöåö ÈóÚúÖõ ÇáúãõÝóÓøöÑöíäó áöÃóäøó Þóæúáóåõ æóãóÊóÇÚñ íóÕõÏøõ Úóäú Ðóáößó æóáöÃóäøó ÇáÔøóíóÇØöíäó æóÇáúÌöäøó áóÇ íõÏúÝóäõæäó Ýöí ÇáúÃóÑúÖö.
æóÇáúãóÊóÇÚõ æóÇáÊøóãóÊøõÚõ: äóíúáõ ÇáúãóáóÐøóÇÊö æóÇáúãóÑúÛõæÈóÇÊö ÛóíúÑö ÇáÏøóÇÆöãóÉö¡ æóíõØúáóÞõ ÇáúãóÊóÇÚõ Úóáóì ãóÇ íõÊóãóÊøóÚõ Èöåö æóíõäúÊóÝóÚõ Èöåö ãöäó ÇáúÃóÔúíóÇÁö¡ æóÊóÞóÏøóãó Ýöí Þóæúáöåö ÊóÚóÇáóì: áóæú ÊóÛúÝõáõæäó Úóäú ÃóÓúáöÍóÊößõãú æóÃóãúÊöÚóÊößõãú Ýöí ÓõæÑóÉö ÇáäøöÓóÇÁö [102] .
æóÇáúÍöíäõ ÇáúãõÏøóÉõ ãöäó ÇáÒøóãóäö¡ ØóæöíáóÉð Ãóæú ÞóÕöíÑóÉð¡ æóÞóÏú äõßøöÑó åõäóÇ æóáóãú íõÍóÏøóÏú áöÇÎúÊöáóÇÝö ãöÞúÏóÇÑöåö ÈöÇÎúÊöáóÇÝö ÇáúÃóÌúäóÇÓö æóÇáúÃóÝúÑóÇÏö¡ æóÇáúãõÑóÇÏõ Èöåö Òóãóäõ ÇáúÍóíóÇÉö ÇáøóÊöí ÊõÎóæøöáõ ÕóÇÍöÈóåóÇ ÅöÏúÑóÇßó ÇááøóÐøóÇÊö¡ æóÝöíåö íÍÕá ÈóÞóÇÁ ÇáÐøÇÊ ÛóíúÑõ ãõÊóÝóÑøöÞóÉò æóáóÇ ãõÊóáóÇÔöíóÉò æóáóÇ ãóÚúÏõæãóÉò¡ æóåóÐóÇ ÇáÒøóãóäõ ÇáúãõÞóÇÑöäõ áöÍóÇáóÉö ÇáúÍóíóÇÉö æóÇáúÅöÏúÑóÇßö åõæó ÇáúãõÓóãøóì ÈöÇáúÃóÌóáö¡ Ãóíö ÇáúãõÏøóÉö ÇáøóÊöí íóÈúáõÛõ ÅöáóíúåóÇ ÇáúÍóíøõ ÈöÍóíóÇÊöåö Ýöí Úöáúãö Çááøóåö ÊóÚóÇáóì æóÊóßúæöíäöåö¡ ÝóÅöÐóÇ ÇäúÊóåóì ÇáúÃóÌóáõ æóÇäúÚóÏóãóÊö ÇáúÍóíóÇÉõ ÇäúÞóØóÚó ÇáúãõÓúÊóÞóÑøõ æóÇáúãóÊóÇÚõ¡ æóåóÐóÇ ÅöÚúáóÇãñ ãöäó Çááøóåö ÈöãóÇ ÞóÏøóÑóåõ áöáäøóæúÚóíúäö¡ æóáóíúÓó Ýöíåö ÇãúÊöäóÇäñ æóáóÇ Êäßíá Èåã.
[25]
[ÓõæÑóÉ ÇáúÃóÚúÑóÇÝ (7) : ÂíóÉ 25]
ÞÇáó ÝöíåÇ ÊóÍúíóæúäó æóÝöíåÇ ÊóãõæÊõæäó æóãöäúåÇ ÊõÎúÑóÌõæäó (25)
ÃõÚöíÏó ÝöÚúáõ ÇáúÞóæúáö Ýöí åóÐöåö ÇáúÌõãúáóÉö ãõÓúÊóÃúäóÝðÇ ÛóíúÑó ãõÞúÊóÑöäò ÈöÚóÇØöÝò¡ æóáóÇ ãõÓúÊóÛúäðì Úóäú ÝöÚúáö ÇáúÞóæúáö ÈöæóÇæö ÚóØúÝò¡ ãóÚó ßóæúäö ÇáúÞóÇÆöáö æóÇÍöÏðÇ¡ æóÇáúÛóÑóÖö ãõÊøóÍöÏðÇ¡ ÎõÑõæÌðÇ Úóäú ãõÞúÊóÖóì ÇáÙøóÇåöÑö áöÃóäøó ãõÞúÊóÖóì ÇáÙøóÇåöÑö Ýöí ãöËúáöåö åõæó ÇáúÚóØúÝõ¡ æóÞóÏú Ãóåúãóáó ÊóæúÌöíåó ÊóÑúßö ÇáúÚóØúÝö ÌõãúåõæÑõ ÇáúÍõÐøóÇÞö ãöäó ÇáúãõÝóÓøöÑöíäó: ÇáÒøóãóÎúÔóÑöíøõ æóÛóíúÑõåõ¡ æóáóÚóáøóåõ ÑóÃóì Ðóáößó ÃõÓúáõæÈðÇ ãöäú ÃóÓóÇáöíÈö ÇáúÍößóÇíóÉö¡ æóÃóæøóáõ ãóäú ÑóÃóíúÊõåõ ÍóÇæóáó ÊóæúÌöíåó ÊóÑúßö ÇáúÚóØúÝö åõæó ÇáÔøóíúÎõ ãõÍóãøóÏõ Èúäõ ÚóÑóÝóÉó ÇáÊøõæäõÓöíøõ Ýöí «ÅöãúáóÇÁóÇÊö ÇáÊøóÝúÓöíÑö» ÇáúãóÑúæöíøóÉö(8-È/69)
Úóäúåõ¡ ÝóÅöäøóåõ ÞóÇáó Ýöí Þóæúáöåö ÊóÚóÇáóì ÇáúÂÊöí Ýöí åóÐöåö ÇáÓøõæÑóÉö [140] : ÞÇáó ÃóÛóíúÑó Çááøóåö ÃóÈúÛöíßõãú ÅöáåÇð ÈóÚúÏó Þóæúáöåö: ÞÇáó Åöäøóßõãú Þóæúãñ ÊóÌúåóáõæäó [ÇáúÃóÚúÑóÇÝ: 138] ÅöÐú ÌóÚóáó æóÌúåó ÅöÚóÇÏóÉö áóÝúÙö ÞóÇáó åõæó ãóÇ Èóíúäó ÇáúãóÞóÇáóíúäö ãöäó ÇáúÈóæúäö¡ ÝóÇáúÃóæøóáõ ÑóÇÌöÚñ Åöáóì ãõÌóÑøóÏö ÇáúÅöÎúÈóÇÑö ÈöÈõØúáóÇäö ÚöÈóÇÏóÉö ÇáúÃóÕúäóÇãö Ýöí ÐóÇÊöåö¡ æóÇáËøóÇäöí Åöáóì ÇáöÇÓúÊöÏúáóÇáö Úóáóì ÈõØúáóÇäöåö¡ æóÞóÏú ÐóßóÑó ãóÚúäóÇåõ ÇáúÎóÝóÇÌöíøõ ÚöäúÏó ÇáúßóáóÇãö Úóáóì ÇáúÂíóÉö ÇáúÂÊöíóÉö ÈóÚúÏó åóÐöåö¡ æóáóãú íóäúÓõÈúåõ Åöáóì ÇÈúäö ÚóÑóÝóÉó ÝóáóÚóáøóåõ ãöäú ÊóæóÇÑõÏö ÇáúÎóæóÇØöÑö æóÞóÇáó ÃóÈõæ ÇáÓøõÚõæÏö: ÅöÚóÇÏóÉõ ÇáúÞóæúáö ÅöãøóÇ áöÅöÙúåóÇÑö ÇáöÇÚúÊöäóÇÁö ÈöãóÖúãõæäö ãóÇ ÈóÚúÏóåõ¡ æóåõæó Þóæúáõåõ: ÝöíåÇ ÊóÍúíóæúäó [ÇáúÃóÚúÑóÇÝ: 25] æóÅöãøóÇ áöáúÅöíÐóÇäö ÈößóáóÇãò ãóÍúÐõæÝò Èóíúäó ÇáúÞóæúáóíúäö ßóãóÇ Ýöí Þóæúáöåö ÊóÚóÇáóì: ÞÇáó ÝóãÇ ÎóØúÈõßõãú [ÇáúÍÌÑ: 57]- ÅöËúÑó Þóæúáöåö- ÞÇáó æóãóäú íóÞúäóØõ ãöäú ÑóÍúãóÉö ÑóÈøöåö [ÇáúÍÌÑ: 56] ÝóÅöäøó ÇáúÎóáöíáó ÎóÇØóÈó ÇáúãóáóÇÆößóÉó ÃóæøóáðÇ ÈöÛóíúÑö ÚõäúæóÇäö ßóæúäöåöãú ãõÑúÓóáöíäó¡ Ëõãøó ÎóÇØóÈóåõãú ÈöÚõäúæóÇäö ßóæúäöåöãú ãõÑúÓóáöíäó ÚöäúÏó ÊóÈóíøõäö Ãóäøó ãóÌöíÆóåõãú áóíúÓó áöãõÌóÑøóÏö ÇáúÈöÔóÇÑóÉö¡ ÝóáöÐóáößó ÞóÇáó: ÝóãÇ ÎóØúÈõßõãú¡ æóßóãóÇ Ýöí Þóæúáöåö ÊóÚóÇáóì: ÃóÑóÃóíúÊóßó åÐóÇ ÇáøóÐöí ßóÑøóãúÊó Úóáóíøó [ÇáúÅöÓúÑóÇÁ: 62]- ÈóÚúÏó Þóæúáöåö- ÞÇáó ÃóÃóÓúÌõÏõ áöãóäú ÎóáóÞúÊó ØöíäÇð [ÇáúÅöÓúÑóÇÁ: 61] ÝóÅöäøóåõ ÞóÇáó Þóæúáóåõ ÇáËøóÇäöíó ÈóÚúÏó ÇáúÅöäúÙóÇÑö ÇáúãõÊóÑóÊøóÈö Úóáóì ÇÓúÊöäúÙóÇÑöåö ÇáøóÐöí áóãú íõÕóÑøöÍú Èöåö ÇßúÊöÝóÇÁð ÈöãóÇ ÐóßóÑó Ýöí
ãóæóÇÖöÚó ÃõÎúÑóì¡ åóÐóÇ ÍóÇÕöáõ ßóáóÇãöåö Ýöí ãóæóÇÖöÚó¡ æóÇáÊøóæúÌöíåõ ÇáËøóÇäöí ãóÑúÏõæÏñ ÅöÐú áóÇ íóáúÒóãõ Ýöí ÍößóÇíóÉö ÇáúÃóÞúæóÇáö ÇáúÅöÍóÇØóÉõ æóáóÇ ÇáöÇÊøöÕóÇáõ.
æóÇáøóÐöí ÃóÑóÇåõ Ãóäøó åóÐóÇ áóíúÓó ÃõÓúáõæÈðÇ Ýöí ÍößóÇíóÉö ÇáúÞóæúáö íóÊóÎóíøóÑõ Ýöíåö ÇáúÈóáöíÛõ¡ æóÃóäøóåõ ãõÓóÇæò áöáúÚóØúÝö ÈöËõãøó¡ æóáöáúÌóãúÚö Èóíúäó ÍóÑúÝö ÇáúÚóØúÝö æóÅöÚóÇÏóÉö ÝöÚúáö ÇáúÞóæúáö¡ ßóãóÇ Ýöí Þóæúáöåö ÊóÚóÇáóì: æóÞÇáóÊú ÃõæáÇåõãú áöÃõÎúÑÇåõãú ÝóãÇ ßÇäó áóßõãú ÚóáóíúäÇ ãöäú ÝóÖúáò [ÇáúÃóÚúÑóÇÝ: 39]- ÈóÚúÏó Þóæúáöåö- ÞÇáóÊú ÃõÎúÑÇåõãú áöÃõæáÇåõãú ÑóÈøóäÇ åÄõáÇÁö ÃóÖóáøõæäÇ [ÇáúÃóÚúÑóÇÝ: 38] ¡ ÝóÅöÐóÇ áóãú íóßõäú ßóÐóáößó ßóÇäó ÊóæúÌöíåõ ÅöÚóÇÏóÉö ÝöÚúáö ÇáúÞóæúáö¡ æóßóæúäöåö ãõÓúÊóÃúäóÝðÇ: Åöäøóåõ ÇÓúÊöÆúäóÇÝñ ÇÈúÊöÏóÇÆöíøñ áöáöÇåúÊöãóÇãö ÈöÇáúÎóÈóÑö¡ ÅöíÐóÇäðÇ ÈöÊóÛóíøõÑö ÇáúÎöØóÇÈö ÈóÃóäú íóßõæäó Èóíúäó ÇáúÎöØóÇÈóíúäö ÊóÎóÇáõÝñ ãóÇ¡ ÝóÇáúãõÎóÇØóÈõ ÈöÇáúÃóæøóáö ÂÏóãõ æóÒóæúÌõåõ æÇáÔøíØÇä¡ æÇáãÎÇØÈ ÈÇáËøÇäí ÂÏóãõ æóÒóæúÌõåõ æóÃóÈúäóÇÄõåõãóÇ¡ ÝóÅöäú ßóÇäó åóÐóÇ ÇáúÎöØóÇÈõ ÞóÈúáó ÍõÏõæËö ÇáÐøõÑøöíøóÉö áóåõãóÇ ßóãóÇ åõæó ÙóÇåöÑõ ÇáÓøöíóÇÞö Ýóåõæó ÎöØóÇÈñ áóåõãóÇ ÈöÅöÔúÚóÇÑöåöãóÇ ÃóäøóåõãóÇ ÃóÈóæóÇ ÎóáúÞò ßóËöíÑò:(8-È/70)
íóÇ Èóäöí ÂÏóãó ÞóÏú ÃóäúÒóáúäóÇ Úóáóíúßõãú áöÈóÇÓðÇ íõæóÇÑöí ÓóæúÂÊößõãú æóÑöíÔðÇ æóáöÈóÇÓõ ÇáÊøóÞúæóì Ðóáößó ÎóíúÑñ Ðóáößó ãöäú ÂíóÇÊö Çááøóåö áóÚóáøóåõãú íóÐøóßøóÑõæäó (26)
ßõáøõåõãú åóÐóÇ ÍóÇáõåõãú¡ æóåõæó ãöäú ÊóÛúáöíÈö ÇáúãóæúÌõæÏö Úóáóì ãóäú áóãú íõæÌóÏú¡ æóÅöäú ßóÇäó ÞóÏú æóÞóÚó ÈóÚúÏó æõÌõæÏö ÇáÐøõÑøöíøóÉö áóåõãóÇ ÝóæóÌúåõ ÇáúÝóÕúáö ÃóÙúåóÑõ æóÃóÌúÏóÑõ¡ æóÇáúÞóÑöíäóÉõ Úóáóì Ãóäøó ÅöÈúáöíÓó ÛóíúÑõ ÏóÇÎöáò Ýöí ÇáúÎöØóÇÈö åõæó Þóæúáõåõ: æóãöäúåÇ ÊõÎúÑóÌõæäó áöÃóäøó ÇáúÅöÎúÑóÇÌó ãöäó ÇáúÃóÑúÖö íóÞúÊóÖöí ÓóÈúÞó ÇáÏøõÎõæáö Ýöí ÈóÇØöäöåóÇ¡ æóÐóáößó åõæó ÇáÏøóÝúäõ ÈóÚúÏó ÇáúãóæúÊö¡ æóÇáÔøóíóÇØöíäõ áóÇ íõÏúÝóäõæäó. æóÞóÏú Ãóãúåóáó Çááøóåõ ÅöÈúáöíÓó ÈöÇáúÍóíóÇÉö Åöáóì íóæúãö ÇáúÈóÚúËö Ýóåõæó íõÍúÔóÑõ ÍöíäóÆöÐò Ãóæú íóãõæÊõ æóíõÈúÚóËõ¡ æóáóÇ íóÚúáóãõ Ðóáößó ÅöáøóÇ Çááøóåõ ÊóÚóÇáóì.
æóÞóÏú ÌõÚöáó ÊóÛúíöíÑõ ÇáúÃõÓúáõæÈö æóÓöíáóÉð áöáÊøóÎóáøõÕö Åöáóì ÊóæúÌöíåö ÇáúÎöØóÇÈö Åöáóì Èóäöí ÂÏóãó ÚóÞöÈó åóÐóÇ.
æóÞóÏú Ïóáøó ÌóãúÚõ ÇáÖøóãöíÑö Úóáóì ßóáóÇãò ãóØúæöíøò ÈöØóÑöíÞóÉö ÇáúÅöíÌóÇÒö: æóåõæó Ãóäøó ÂÏóãó æóÒóæúÌóåõ ÇÓúÊóÞóÑøóÇ Ýöí ÇáúÃóÑúÖö¡ æóÊóÙúåóÑó áóåõãóÇ ÐõÑøöíøóÉñ¡ æóÃóäøó Çááøóåó ÃóÚúáóãóåõãú ÈöØóÑöíÞò ãöäú ØõÑõÞö ÇáúÅöÚúáóÇãö ÇáúÅöáóåöíøö ÈöÃóäøó ÇáúÃóÑúÖó ÞóÑóÇÑõåõãú¡ æóãöäúåóÇ ãóÈúÚóËõåõãú¡ íóÔúãóáõ åóÐóÇ ÇáúÍõßúãõ ÇáúãóæúÌõæÏöíäó ãöäúåõãú íóæúãó ÇáúÎöØóÇÈö æóÇáøóÐöíäó ÓóíõæÌóÏõæäó ãöäú ÈóÚúÏõ.
æóÞóÏú íõÌúÚóáõ ÓóÈóÈõ ÊóÛúíöíÑ ÇáÃÓáæÈ ÊÎóÇáÝ ÇáúÞóæúáóíúäö ÈöÃóäøó ÇáúÞóæúáó ÇáÓøóÇÈöÞó Þóæúáõ ãõÎóÇØóÈóÉò¡ æóÇáúÞóæúáó ÇáøóÐöí ÈóÚúÏóåõ Þóæúáõ ÊóÞúÏöíÑò æóÞóÖóÇÁò Ãóíú ÞóÏøóÑó Çááøóåõ ÊóÍúíóæúäó ÝöíåóÇ æóÊóãõæÊõæäó ÝöíåóÇ æóÊõÎúÑóÌõæäó ãöäúåóÇ.
æóÊóÞúÏöíãõ ÇáúãóÌúÑõæÑóÇÊö ÇáËøóáóÇËóÉö Úóáóì ãõÊóÚóáøöÞóÇÊöåóÇ áöáöÇåúÊöãóÇãö ÈöÇáúÃóÑúÖö ÇáøóÊöí ÌõÚöáó ÝöíåóÇ ÞóÑóÇÑõåõãú æóãóÊóÇÚõåõãú¡ ÅöÐú ßóÇäóÊú åöíó ãóÞóÑøõ ÌóãöíÚö ÃóÍúæóÇáöåöãú.
æóÞóÏú ÌõÚöáó åóÐóÇ ÇáÊøóÞúÏöíãõ æóÓöíáóÉð Åöáóì ãõÑóÇÚóÇÉö ÇáäøóÙöíÑö¡ ÅöÐú ÌõÚöáóÊö ÇáúÃóÑúÖõ ÌóÇãöÚóÉð áöåóÇÊöåö
ÇáúÃóÍúæóÇáö¡ ÝóÇáúÃóÑúÖõ æóÇÍöÏóÉñ æóÞóÏú ÊõÏóÇæóáóÊú ÝöíåóÇ ÃóÍúæóÇáõ ÓõßøóÇäöåóÇ ÇáúãõÊóÎóÇáöÝóÉõ ÊóÎóÇáõÝðÇ ÈóÚöíÏðÇ.
æóÞóÑóÃó ÇáúÌõãúåõæÑõ: ÊõÎúÑóÌõæäó- ÈöÖóãøö ÇáúÝóæúÞöíøóÉö æóÝóÊúÍö ÇáÑøóÇÁö- Úóáóì ÇáúÈöäóÇÁö áöáúãóÝúÚõæáö¡ æóÞóÑóÃóåõ ÍóãúÒóÉõ¡ æóÇáúßöÓóÇÆöíøõ¡ æóÇÈúäõ ÐóßúæóÇäó Úóäö ÇÈúäö ÚóÇãöÑò¡ æóíóÚúÞõæÈó¡ æóÎóáóÝò: ÈöÇáúÈöäóÇÁö ááúÝóÇÚöá.
[26]
[ÓõæÑóÉ ÇáúÃóÚúÑóÇÝ (7) : ÂíóÉ 26]
íóÇ Èóäöí ÂÏóãó ÞóÏú ÃóäúÒóáúäÇ Úóáóíúßõãú áöÈÇÓÇð íõæÇÑöí ÓóæúÂÊößõãú æóÑöíÔÇð æóáöÈÇÓõ ÇáÊøóÞúæì Ðáößó ÎóíúÑñ Ðáößó ãöäú ÂíÇÊö Çááøóåö áóÚóáøóåõãú íóÐøóßøóÑõæäó(8-È/71)
(26)
ÅöÐóÇ ÌóÑóíúäóÇ Úóáóì ÙóÇåöÑö ÇáÊøóÝóÇÓöíÑö ßóÇäó Þóæúáõåõ: íóÇ Èóäöí ÂÏóãó ÞóÏú ÃóäúÒóáúäÇ Úóáóíúßõãú áöÈÇÓÇð ÇáúÂíóÉó ÇÓúÊöÆúäóÇÝðÇ ÇÈúÊöÏóÇÆöíøðÇ¡ ÚóÇÏó Èöåö ÇáúÎöØóÇÈõ Åöáóì ÓóÇÆöÑö ÇáäøóÇÓö ÇáøóÐöíäó ÎõæØöÈõæÇ Ýöí Ãóæøóáö ÇáÓøõæÑóÉö ÈöÞóæúáöåö:
ÇÊøóÈöÚõæÇ ãóÇ ÃõäúÒöáó Åöáóíúßõãú ãöäú ÑóÈøößõãú [ÇáúÃóÚúÑóÇÝ: 3] ÇáúÂíóÇÊö¡ æóåõãú ÃõãøóÉõ ÇáÏøóÚúæóÉö¡ áöÃóäøó ÇáúÛóÑóÖó ãöäó ÇáÓøõæÑóÉö ÅöÈúØóÇáõ ãóÇ ßóÇäó Úóáóíúåö ãõÔúÑößõæ ÇáúÚóÑóÈö ãöäó ÇáÔøöÑúßö æóÊóæóÇÈöÚöåö ãöäú ÃóÍúæóÇáö Ïöíäöåöãõ ÇáúÌóÇåöáöíøö¡ æóßóÇäó Þóæúáõåõ: æóáóÞóÏú ÎóáóÞúäÇßõãú Ëõãøó ÕóæøóÑúäÇßõãú [ÇáúÃóÚúÑóÇÝ: 11] ÇÓúÊöØúÑóÇÏðÇ ÈöÐßÑ ãäøÉ Çááå Úóáóíúåöãú æóåõãú íóßúÝõÑõæäó Èöåö ßóãóÇ ÊóÞóÏøóãó ÚöäúÏó Þóæúáöåö ÊóÚóÇáóì: æóáóÞóÏú ÎóáóÞúäÇßõãú ÝóÎóÇØóÈóÊú åóÐöåö ÇáúÂíóÉõ ÌóãöíÚó Èóäöí ÂÏóãó ÈöÔóíúÁò ãöäó ÇáúÃõãõæÑ ÇáúãóÞúÕõæÏóÉ ãä ÇáÓøõæÑóÉö ÝóåóÐöåö ÇáúÂíóÉõ ßóÇáúãõÞóÏøöãóÉö áöáúÛóÑóÖö ÇáøóÐöí íóÃúÊöí Ýöí Þóæúáöåö:
íóÇ Èóäöí ÂÏóãó ÎõÐõæÇ ÒöíäóÊóßõãú ÚöäúÏó ßõáøö ãóÓúÌöÏò [ÇáúÃóÚúÑóÇÝ: 31] æóæõÞõæÚõåóÇ Ýöí ÃóËúäóÇÁö ÂíóÇÊö ÇáÊøóÍúÐöíÑö ãöäú ßóíúÏö ÇáÔøóíúØóÇäö ÌóÚóáóåóÇ ÈöãóäúÒöáóÉö ÇáöÇÓúÊöØúÑóÇÏö Èóíúäó Êöáúßó ÇáúÂíóÇÊö æóÅöäú ßóÇäóÊú åöíó ãöäó ÇáúÛóÑóÖö ÇáúÃóÕúáöíøö.
æóíóÌõæÒõ Ãóäú íóßõæäó Þóæúáõåõ: íóÇ Èóäöí ÂÏóãó ÞóÏú ÃóäúÒóáúäÇ Úóáóíúßõãú áöÈÇÓÇð æóãóÇ ÃóÔúÈóåóåõ ãöãøóÇ ÇÝúÊõÊöÍó ÈöÞóæúáöåö: íóÇ Èóäöí ÂÏóãó ÃóÑúÈóÚó ãóÑøóÇÊò¡ ãöäú ÌõãúáóÉö ÇáúãóÞõæáö ÇáúãóÍúßöíøö ÈöÞóæúáöåö: ÞÇáó ÝöíåÇ ÊóÍúíóæúäó [ÇáúÃóÚúÑóÇÝ: 25] Ýóíóßõæäõ ãöãøóÇ ÎóÇØÈ Çááå Èöåö Èóäöí ÂÏóãó Ýöí ÇÈúÊöÏóÇÁö ÚóåúÏöåöãú ÈöÚõãúÑóÇäö ÇáúÃóÑúÖö Úóáóì áöÓóÇä ÃóÈöíåöã ÂÏã¡ Ãóæú ÈöØóÑöíÞò ãöäú ØõÑõÞö ÇáúÅöÚúáóÇãö ÇáúÅöáóåöíøö¡ æóáóæú ÈöÇáúÅöáúåóÇãö¡ áöãóÇ ÊóäúÔóÃõ Èöåö Ýöí äõÝõæÓöåöãú åóÐöåö ÇáúÍóÞóÇÆöÞõ¡ ÝóÇÈúÊóÏóÃó ÝóÃóÚúáóãóåõãú ÈöãöäøóÊöåö Úóáóíúåöãú Ãóäú ÃóäúÒóáó áóåõãú áöÈóÇÓðÇ íõæóÇÑöí ÓóæúÂÊöåöãú¡ æóíóÊóÌóãøóáõæäó Èöåö ÈöãõäóÇÓóÈóÉö ãóÇ ÞóÕøó Çááøóåõ Úóáóíúåöãú ãöäú ÊóÚóÑøöí ÃóÈóæóíúåöãú Íöíäó ÈóÏóÊú áóåõãóÇ ÓóæúÁóÇÊõåõãóÇ¡ Ëõãøó ÈöÊóÍúÐöíÑöåöãú ãöäú ßóíúÏö ÇáÔøóíúØóÇäö æóÝöÊúäóÊöåö ÈöÞóæúáöåö: íóÇ Èóäöí ÂÏóãó áóÇ íóÝúÊöäóäøóßõãõ ÇáÔøóíúØÇäõ [ÇáúÃóÚúÑóÇÝ: 27] Ëõãøó ÈöÃóäú ÃóãóÑóåõãú ÈöÃóÎúÐö ÇááøöÈóÇÓö æóåõæó ÒöíäóÉõ ÇáúÅöäúÓóÇäö ÚöäúÏó ãóæóÇÞöÚö ÇáúÚöÈóÇÏóÉö áöáøóåö ÊóÚóÇáóì ÈöÞóæúáöåö: íóÇ Èóäöí ÂÏóãó ÎõÐõæÇ ÒöíäóÊóßõãú ÚöäúÏó ßõáøö ãóÓúÌöÏò [ÇáúÃóÚúÑóÇÝ: 31] ¡ Ëõãøó ÈöÃóäú ÃóÎÐ Úóáóíúåöã ÇáúÚóåúÏ ÈöÃóäú íõÕóÏøöÞõæÇ ÇáÑøõÓõáó æóíóäúÊóÝöÚõæÇ ÈöåóÏúíöåöãú ÈöÞóæúáöåö: íóÇ Èóäöí ÂÏóãó ÅöãøóÇ íóÃúÊöíóäøóßõãú ÑõÓõáñ ãöäúßõãú [ÇáúÃóÚúÑóÇÝ: 35] ÇáúÂíóÉó¡ æóÇÓúÊóØúÑóÏó Èóíúäó Ðóáößó ßõáøöåö ÈöãóæóÇÚöÙó ÊóäúÝóÚõ ÇáøóÐöíäó ÞõÕóÏõæÇ ãöäú åóÐóÇ ÇáúÞóÕóÕö¡ æóåõãõ ÇáúãõÔúÑößõæäó ÇáãßÐøÈæä
ãÍãøÏÇ Õóáøóì Çááåõ Úóáóíúåö æóÓóáøóãó¡ Ýóåõãõ ÇáúãóÞúÕõæÏõ ãöäú åóÐóÇ ÇáúßóáóÇãö(8-È/72)
ßóíúÝóãóÇ ÊóÝóäøóäóÊú ÃóÓóÇáöíÈõåõ æóÊóäóÇÓóÞó äóÙúãõåõ¡ æóÃóíøðÇ ãóÇ ßóÇäó ÝóÇáúãóÞúÕõæÏõ ÇáúÃóæøóáõ ãöäú åóÐöåö ÇáúÎöØóÇÈóÇÊö Ãóæú ãöäú ÍößóÇíóÊöåóÇ åõãú ãõÔúÑößõæ ÇáúÚóÑóÈö æãßÐøÈæ ãÍãøÏ Õóáøóì Çááåõ Úóáóíúåö æóÓóáøóãó¡ æóáöÐóáößó ÊóÎóáøóáóÊú åóÐöåö ÇáúÎöØóÇÈóÇÊö ãõÓúÊóØúÑöÏóÇÊñ æóÊóÚúÑöíÖóÇÊñ ãõäóÇÓöÈóÉñ áöãóÇ æóÖóÚóåõ ÇáúãõÔúÑößõæäó ãöäó ÇáÊøóßóÇÐöíÈö Ýöí äóÞúÖö ÃóãúÑö ÇáúÝöØúÑóÉö.
æóÇáúÌõãóáõ ÇáËøóáóÇËõ ãöäú Þóæúáöåö: íóÇ Èóäöí ÂÏóãó ÞóÏú ÃóäúÒóáúäÇ Úóáóíúßõãú áöÈÇÓÇð- æóÞóæúáöåö- íóÇ Èóäöí ÂÏóãó áóÇ íóÝúÊöäóäøóßõãõ ÇáÔøóíúØÇäõ [ÇáúÃóÚúÑóÇÝ: 27]- æóÞóæúáöåö- íóÇ Èóäöí ÂÏóãó ÎõÐõæÇ ÒöíäóÊóßõãú ÚöäúÏó ßõáøö ãóÓúÌöÏò [ÇáúÃóÚúÑóÇÝ: 31] ãõÊøóÕöáóÉñ ÊóãóÇãó ÇáöÇÊøöÕóÇáö ÈöÞöÕøóÉö ÝöÊúäóÉö ÇáÔøóíúØóÇäö áöÂÏóãó æóÒóæúÌöåö¡ Ãóæú ãõÊøóÕöáóÉñ ÈöÇáúÞóæúáö ÇáúãóÍúßöíøö ÈöÌõãúáóÉö: ÞÇáó ÝöíåÇ ÊóÍúíóæúäó [ÇáúÃóÚúÑóÇÝ: 25] Úóáóì ØóÑöíÞóÉö ÊóÚúÏóÇÏö ÇáúãóÞõæáö ÊóÚúÏóÇÏðÇ íõÔúÈöåõ ÇáÊøóßúÑöíÑó.
æóåóÐóÇ ÇáúÎöØóÇÈõ íóÔúãóáõ ÇáúãõÄúãöäöíäó æóÇáúãõÔúÑößöíäó¡ æóáóßöäøó ÇáúÍóÙøó ÇáúÃóæúÝóÑó ãöäúåõ áöáúãõÔúÑößöíäó: áöÃóäøó ÍóÙøó ÇáúãõÄúãöäöíäó ãöäúåõ åõæó ÇáÔøõßúÑõ Úóáóì íóÞöíäöåöãú ÈöÃóäøóåõãú ãæÇÝÞæä Ýöí ÔÄæäåã áöãóÑúÖóÇÉö ÑóÈøöåöãú¡ æóÃóãøóÇ ÍóÙøõ ÇáúãõÔúÑößöíäó Ýóåõæó ÇáúÅöäúÐóÇÑõ ÈöÃóäøóåõãú ßóÇÝöÑõæäó ÈöäöÚúãóÉö ÑóÈøöåöãú¡ ãõÚóÑøóÖõæäó áöÓóÎóØöåö æóÚöÞóÇÈöåö.
æóÇÈúÊõÏöÆó ÇáúÎöØóÇÈõ ÈöÇáäøöÏóÇÁö áöíóÞóÚó ÅöÞúÈóÇáõåõãú Úóáóì ãóÇ ÈóÚúÏóåõ ÈöÔóÑóÇÔöÑö ÞõáõæÈöåöãú¡ æóßóÇäó áöÇÎúÊöíóÇÑö ÇÓúÊöÍúÖóÇÑöåöãú ÚöäúÏó ÇáúÎöØóÇÈö ÈöÚõäúæóÇäö Èóäöí ÂÏóãó ãóÑøóÊóíúäö æóÞúÚñ ÚóÌöíÈñ¡ ÈóÚúÏó ÇáúÝóÑóÇÛö ãöäú ÐößúÑö ÞöÕøóÉö ÎóáúÞö ÂÏóãó æóãóÇ áóÞöíóåõ ãöäú æóÓúæóÓóÉö ÇáÔøóíúØóÇäö: æóÐóáößó Ãóäøó ÔóÃúäó ÇáÐøõÑøöíøóÉö Ãóäú ÊóËúÃóÑó áöÂÈóÇÆöåóÇ¡ æóÊõÚóÇÏöíó ÚóÏõæøóåõãú¡ æóÊóÍúÊóÑöÓó ãöäó ÇáúæõÞõæÚö Ýöí ÔóÑóßöåö.
æóáóãøóÇ ßóÇäó ÅöáúåóÇãõ Çááøóåö ÂÏóãó Ãóäú íóÓúÊõÑó äóÝúÓóåõ ÈöæóÑóÞö ÇáúÌóäøóÉö ãöäøóÉð Úóáóíúåö¡ æóÞóÏú ÊóÞóáøóÏóåóÇ Èóäõæåõ¡ ÎõæØöÈó ÇáäøóÇÓõ ÈöÔõãõæáö åóÐöåö ÇáúãöäøóÉö áóåõãú ÈöÚõäúæóÇäò íóÏõáøõ Úóáóì ÃóäøóåóÇ ãöäøóÉñ ãóæúÑõæËóÉñ¡ æóåöíó ÃóæúÞóÚõ æóÃóÏúÚóì áöáÔøõßúÑö¡ æóáöÐóáößó Óõãøöíó ÊóíúÓöíÑõ ÇááøöÈóÇÓö áóåõãú æóÅöáúåóÇãõåõãú ÅöíøóÇåõ ÅöäúÒóÇáðÇ¡ áöÞóÕúÏö ÊóÔúÑöíÝö åóÐóÇ ÇáúãóÙúåóÑö¡ æóåõæó Ãóæøóáõ ãóÙóÇåöÑö ÇáúÍóÖóÇÑóÉö¡ ÈöÃóäøóåõ ãõäóÒøóáñ Úóáóì ÇáäøóÇÓö ãöäú ÚöäúÏö Çááøóåö¡ Ãóæú áöÃóäøó ÇáøóÐöí ßóÇäó ãöäúåõ Úóáóì ÂÏóãó äóÒóáó Èöåö ãöäó ÇáúÌóäøóÉö Åöáóì ÇáúÃóÑúÖö ÇáøóÊöí åõæó ÝöíåóÇ¡ ÝóßóÇäó áóåõ Ýöí ãóÚúäóì ÇáúÅöäúÒóÇáö ãóÒöíÏõ ÇÎúÊöÕóÇÕò¡(8-È/73)
Úóáóì Ãóäøó ãõÌóÑøóÏó ÇáúÅöáúåóÇãö Åöáóì ÇÓúÊöÚúãóÇáöåö ÈöÊóÓúÎöíÑò Åöáóåöíøò¡ ãóÚó ãóÇ Ýöíåö ãöäú ÚóÙöíãö ÇáúÌóÏúæóì Úóáóì ÇáäøóÇÓö æóÇáäøóÝúÚö áóåõãú¡ íõÍóÓøöäõ ÇÓúÊöÚóÇÑóÉó ÝöÚúáö ÇáúÅöäúÒóÇáö Åöáóíúåö¡ ÊóÔúÑöíÝðÇ áöÔóÃúäöåö¡ æóÔóÇÑóßóåõ Ýöí åóÐóÇ ÇáúãóÚúäóì ãóÇ íóßõæäõ ãöäó ÇáúãõáúåóãóÇÊö ÚóÙöíãó ÇáäøóÝúÚö¡ ßóãóÇ Ýöí Þóæúáöåö: æóÃóäúÒóáúäóÇ ÇáúÍóÏöíÏó Ýöíåö ÈóÃúÓñ ÔóÏöíÏñ æóãóäÇÝöÚõ áöáäøóÇÓö [ÇáúÍóÏöíÏ: 25] Ãóíú ÃóäúÒóáúäóÇ ÇáúÅöáúåóÇãó Åöáóì ÇÓúÊöÚúãóÇáöåö æóÇáÏøöÝóÇÚö Èöåö¡ æóßóÐóáößó Þóæúáõåõ: æóÃóäúÒóáó áóßõãú ãöäó ÇáúÃóäúÚÇãö ËóãÇäöíóÉó ÃóÒúæÇÌò [ÇáÒãÑ: 6] Ãóíú: ÎóáóÞóåóÇ áóßõãú Ýöí ÇáúÃóÑúÖö ÈöÊóÏúÈöíÑöåö¡ æóÚóáøóãóßõãõ ÇÓúÊöÎúÏóÇãóåóÇ æóÇáöÇäúÊöÝóÇÚó ÈöãóÇ ÝöíåóÇ¡ æóáóÇ íóØøóÑöÏõ Ýöí ÌóãöíÚö ãóÇ Ãõáúåöãó Åöáóíúåö ÇáúÈóÔóÑõ ãöãøóÇ åõæó Ïõæäó åóÐöåö Ýöí
ÇáúÌóÏúæóì¡ æóÞóÏú ßóÇäó Ðóáößó ÇááøöÈóÇÓõ ÇáøóÐöí äóÒóáó Èöåö ÂÏóãõ åõæó ÃóÕúáõ ÇááøöÈóÇÓö ÇáøóÐöí íóÓúÊóÚúãöáõåõ ÇáúÈóÔóÑõ.
æóåóÐóÇ ÊóäúÈöíåñ Åöáóì Ãóäøó ÇááøöÈóÇÓó ãöäú ÃóÕúáö ÇáúÝöØúÑóÉö ÇáúÅöäúÓóÇäöíøóÉö¡ æóÇáúÝöØúÑóÉõ Ãóæøóáõ ÃõÕõæáö ÇáúÅöÓúáóÇãö¡ æóÃóäøóåõ ãöãøóÇ ßóÑøóãó Çááøóåõ Èöåö ÇáäøóæúÚó ãõäúÐõ ÙõåõæÑöåö Ýöí ÇáúÃóÑúÖö¡ æóÝöí åóÐóÇ ÊóÚúÑöíÖñ ÈöÇáúãõÔúÑößöíäó ÅöÐú ÌÚáõæÇ ãä ÞÑÈÇÊåã äóÒúÚó áöÈóÇÓöåöãú ÈöÃóäú íóÍõÌøõæÇ ÚõÑóÇÉð ßóãóÇ ÓóíóÃúÊöí ÚöäúÏó Þóæúáöåö: Þõáú ãóäú ÍóÑøóãó ÒöíäóÉó Çááøóåö ÇáøóÊöí ÃóÎúÑóÌó áöÚöÈÇÏöåö [ÇáúÃóÚúÑóÇÝ: 32] ÝóÎóÇáóÝõæÇ ÇáúÝöØúÑóÉó¡ æóÞóÏú ßóÇäó ÇáúÃõãóãõ íóÍúÊóÝöáõæäó Ýöí ÃóÚúíóÇÏö ÃóÏúíóÇäöåöãú ÈöÃóÍúÓóäö ÇááøöÈóÇÓö¡ ßóãóÇ Íóßóì Çááøóåõ Úóäú ãõæÓóì Úóáóíúåö ÇáÓøóáóÇãõ æóÃóåúáö ãöÕúÑó: ÞÇáó ãóæúÚöÏõßõãú íóæúãõ ÇáÒøöíäóÉö [Øå: 59] .
æóÇááøöÈóÇÓõ ÇÓúãñ áöãóÇ íóáúÈóÓõåõ ÇáúÅöäúÓóÇäõ Ãóíú íóÓúÊõÑõ Èöåö ÌõÒúÁðÇ ãöäú ÌóÓóÏöåö¡ ÝóÇáúÞóãöíÕõ áöÈóÇÓñ¡ æóÇáúÅöÒóÇÑõ áöÈóÇÓñ¡ æóÇáúÚöãóÇãóÉõ áöÈóÇÓñ¡ æóíõÞóÇáõ áóÈöÓó ÇáÊøóÇÌó æóáóÈöÓó ÇáúÎóÇÊóãó ÞóÇáó ÊóÚóÇáóì: æóÊóÓúÊóÎúÑöÌõæäó ÍöáúíóÉð ÊóáúÈóÓõæäóåÇ [ÝÇØÑ: 12] æóãóÕúÏóÑõ áóÈöÓó ÇááøõÈúÓõ- ÈöÖóãøö ÇááøóÇãö-.
æóÌõãúáóÉõ: íõæÇÑöí ÓóæúÂÊößõãú ÕÝÉ (ááÈÇÓÇ) æóåõæó ÕöäúÝõ ÇááøöÈóÇÓö ÇááøóÇÒöãö¡ æóåóÐöåö ÇáÕøöÝóÉõ ÕöÝóÉõ ãóÏúÍö ÇááøöÈóÇÓö Ãóíú ãöäú ÔóÃúäöåö Ðóáößó æóÅöäú ßóÇäó ßóËöíÑñ ãöäó ÇááøöÈóÇÓö áóíúÓó áöãõæóÇÑóÇÉö ÇáÓøóæúÂÊö ãöËúáó ÇáúÚöãóÇãóÉö æóÇáúÈõÑúÏö æóÇáúÞóÈóÇÁö æóÝöí ÇáúÂíóÉö ÅöÔóÇÑóÉñ Åöáóì æõÌõæÈö ÓóÊúÑö ÇáúÚóæúÑóÉö ÇáúãõÛóáøóÙóÉö¡ æóåöíó ÇáÓøóæúÃóÉõ¡ æóÃóãøóÇ ÓóÊúÑõ ãóÇ ÚóÏóÇåóÇ ãöäó ÇáÑøóÌõáö æóÇáúãóÑúÃóÉö ÝóáóÇ ÊóÏõáøõ ÇáúÂíóÉõ Úóáóíúåö¡ æóÞóÏú ËóÈóÊó ÈóÚúÖõåõ ÈöÇáÓøõäøóÉö¡ æóÈóÚúÖõåõ ÈöÇáúÞöíóÇÓö æóÇáúÎóæúÖö Ýöí ÊóÝóÇÕöíáöåóÇ æóÚöáóáöåóÇ ãöäú ãóÓóÇÆöáö ÇáúÝöÞúåö.(8-È/74)
æóÇáÑøöíÔõ áöÈóÇÓõ ÇáÒøöíäóÉö ÇáÒøóÇÆöÏö Úóáóì ãóÇ íóÓúÊõÑõ ÇáúÚóæúÑóÉó¡ æóåõæó ãõÓúÊóÚóÇÑñ ãöäú ÑöíÔö ÇáØøóíúÑö áöÃóäøóåõ ÒöíäóÊõåõ¡ æóíõÞóÇáõ áöáöÈóÇÓö ÇáÒøöíäóÉö ÑöíóÇÔñ.
æóÚóØúÝõ (ÑöíÔðÇ) Úóáóì: áöÈÇÓÇð íõæÇÑöí ÓóæúÂÊößõãú ÚóØúÝõ ÕöäúÝò Úóáóì ÕöäúÝò¡ æóÇáúãóÚúäóì íóÓøóÑúäóÇ áóßõãú áöÈóÇÓðÇ íóÓúÊõÑõßõãú æóáöÈóÇÓðÇ ÊóÊóÒóíøóäõæäó Èöåö.
æóÞóæúáõåõ: æóáöÈÇÓõ ÇáÊøóÞúæì ÞóÑóÃóåõ äóÇÝöÚñ¡ æóÇÈúäõ ÚóÇãöÑò¡ æóÇáúßöÓóÇÆöíøõ¡ æóÃóÈõæ ÌóÚúÝóÑò: ÈöÇáäøóÕúÈö¡ ÚóØúÝðÇ Úóáóì áöÈÇÓÇð Ýóíóßõæäõ ãöäó ÇááøöÈóÇÓö ÇáúãõäóÒøóáö Ãóíö Çáúãõáúåóãö¡ ÝóíóÊóÚóíøóäõ Ãóäøóåõ áöÈóÇÓõ ÍóÞöíÞóÉò Ãóíú ÔóíúÁñ íõáúÈóÓõ. æóÇáÊøóÞúæóì¡ Úóáóì åóÐöåö ÇáúÞöÑóÇÁóÉö¡ ãóÕúÏóÑñ ÈöãóÚúäóì ÇáúæöÞóÇíóÉö¡ ÝóÇáúãõÑóÇÏõ: áóÈõæÓõ ÇáúÍóÑúÈö¡ ãöäó ÇáÏøõÑõæÚö æóÇáúÌóæóÇÔöäö æóÇáúãóÛóÇÝöÑö. Ýóíóßõæäõ ßóÞóæúáöåö ÊóÚóÇáóì: æóÌóÚóáó áóßõãú ÓóÑÇÈöíáó ÊóÞöíßõãõ ÇáúÍóÑøó æóÓóÑÇÈöíáó ÊóÞöíßõãú ÈóÃúÓóßõãú [ÇáäøóÍúá: 81] . æóÇáúÅöÔóÇÑóÉõ ÈöÇÓúãö ÇáúÅöÔóÇÑóÉö ÇáúãõÝúÑóÏö ÈöÊóÃúæöíáö ÇáúãóÐúßõæÑö¡ æóåõæó ÇááøöÈóÇÓõ ÈöÃóÕúäóÇÝöåö ÇáËøóáóÇËóÉö¡ Ãóíú ÎóíúÑñ ÃóÚúØóÇåõ Çááøóåõ Èóäöí ÂÏóãó. ÝóÇáúÌõãúáóÉõ ãõÓúÊóÃúäóÝóÉñ Ãóæú ÍóÇáñ ãöäú áöÈÇÓÇð æóãóÇ ÚõØöÝó Úóáóíúåö.
æóÞóÑóÃóåõ ÇÈúäõ ßóËöíÑò¡ æóÚóÇÕöãñ¡ æóÍóãúÒóÉõ¡ æóÃóÈõæ ÚóãúÑòæ¡ æóíóÚúÞõæÈõ¡ æóÎóáóÝñ: ÈöÑóÝúÚö áöÈÇÓõ ÇáÊøóÞúæì Úóáóì Ãóäøó ÇáúÌõãúáóÉó ãóÚúØõæÝóÉñ Úóáóì ÌõãúáóÉö ÞóÏú ÃóäúÒóáúäÇ Úóáóíúßõãú áöÈÇÓÇð¡ ÝóíóÌõæÒõ Ãóäú íóßõæäó ÇáúãõÑóÇÏõ ÈöáöÈóÇÓö ÇáÊøóÞúæóì ãöËúáó ãóÇ íóÑöÏõ Èöåö Ýöí ÞöÑóÇÁóÉö ÇáäøóÕúÈö¡ æóíóÌõæÒõ Ãóäú íóßõæäó ÇáúãõÑóÇÏõ ÈöÇáÊøóÞúæóì ÊóÞúæóì Çááøóåö æóÎóÔúíóÊöåö¡ æóÃõØúáöÞó ÚóáóíúåóÇ ÇááøöÈóÇÓõ ÅöãøóÇ ÈöÊóÎúíöíáö ÇáÊøóÞúæóì ÈöáöÈóÇÓò íõáúÈóÓõ¡ æóÅöãøóÇ ÈöÊóÔúÈöíåö ãõáóÇÒóãóÉö ÊóÞúæóì Çááøóåö ÈöãõáóÇÒóãóÉö ÇááøóÇÈöÓö áöÈóÇÓóåõ¡ ßóÞóæúáöåö ÊóÚóÇáóì: åõäøó áöÈÇÓñ áóßõãú æóÃóäúÊõãú áöÈÇÓñ áóåõäøó [ÇáúÈóÞóÑóÉ: 187] ãóÚó ãóÇ íõÍóÓøöäõ åóÐóÇ ÇáúÅöØúáóÇÞó ãöäó ÇáúãõÔóÇßóáóÉö.
æóåóÐóÇ ÇáúãóÚúäóì ÇáÑøóÝúÚõ ÃóáúíóÞõ Èöåö. æóíóßõæäõ ÇÓúÊöØúÑóÇÏðÇ áöáÊøóÍúÑöíÖö Úóáóì ÊóÞúæóì Çááøóåö¡ ÝóÅöäøóåóÇ ÎóíúÑñ áöáäøóÇÓö ãöäú ãóäóÇÝöÚö ÇáÒøöíäóÉö¡ æóÇÓúãõ ÇáúÅöÔóÇÑóÉö Úóáóì åóÐöåö ÇáúÞöÑóÇÁóÉö áöÊóÚúÙöíãö ÇáúãõÔóÇÑö Åöáóíúåö.
æóÌõãúáóÉõ: Ðáößó ãöäú ÂíÇÊö Çááøóåö áóÚóáøóåõãú íóÐøóßøóÑõæäó ÇÓúÊöÆúäóÇÝñ ËóÇäò Úóáóì ÞöÑóÇÁóÉö: æóáöÈÇÓõ ÇáÊøóÞúæì ÈöÇáäøóÕúÈö ÈöÃóäö ÇÓúÊóÃúäóÝó. ÈóÚúÏó ÇáöÇãúÊöäóÇäö ÈöÃóÕúäóÇÝö ÇááøöÈóÇÓö¡ ÇÓúÊöÆúäóÇÝóíúäö íõÄúÐöäóÇäö ÈöÚóÙöíãö ÇáäøöÚúãóÉö: ÇáúÃóæøóáõ ÈöÃóäøó ÇááøöÈóÇÓó ÎóíúÑñ áöáäøóÇÓö¡ æóÇáËøóÇäöí ÈöÃóäøó ÇááøöÈóÇÓó ÂíóÉñ ãöäú ÂíóÇÊö Çááøóåö ÊóÏõáøõ Úóáóì Úöáúãöåö æóáõØúÝöåö¡ æóÊóÏõáøõ Úóáóì(8-È/75)
íóÇ Èóäöí ÂÏóãó áóÇ íóÝúÊöäóäøóßõãõ ÇáÔøóíúØóÇäõ ßóãóÇ ÃóÎúÑóÌó ÃóÈóæóíúßõãú ãöäó ÇáúÌóäøóÉö íóäúÒöÚõ ÚóäúåõãóÇ áöÈóÇÓóåõãóÇ áöíõÑöíóåõãóÇ ÓóæúÂÊöåöãóÇ Åöäøóåõ íóÑóÇßõãú åõæó æóÞóÈöíáõåõ ãöäú ÍóíúËõ áóÇ ÊóÑóæúäóåõãú ÅöäøóÇ ÌóÚóáúäóÇ ÇáÔøóíóÇØöíäó ÃóæúáöíóÇÁó áöáøóÐöíäó áóÇ íõÄúãöäõæäó (27)
æõÌõæÏöåö¡ æóÝöíåóÇ ÂíóÉñ ÃõÎúÑóì æóåöíó ÇáÏøóáóÇáóÉõ Úóáóì Úöáúãö Çááøóåö ÊóÚóÇáóì ÈöÃóäú ÓóÊóßõæäó ÃõãøóÉñ íóÛúáöÈõ ÚóáóíúåóÇ ÇáÖøóáóÇáõ Ýóíóßõæäõæäó Ýöí ÍóÌøöåöãú ÚõÑóÇÉð¡ ÝóáöÐóáößó ÃóßøóÏó ÇáúæöÕóÇíóÉó Èöåö. æóÇáúãõÔóÇÑõ Åöáóíúåö¡ ÈöÇáúÅöÔóÇÑóÉö ÇáøóÊöí Ýöí ÇáúÌõãúáóÉö ÇáËøóÇäöíóÉö¡ Úóíúäõ ÇáúãõÔóÇÑö Åöáóíúåö ÈöÇáúÅöÔóÇÑóÉö ÇáøóÊöí Ýöí ÇáúÌõãúáóÉö ÇáúÃóæúáóì æóáöáöÇåúÊöãóÇãö ÈößöáúÊóÇ ÇáúÌõãúáóÊóíúäö ÌõÚöáóÊö ÇáËøóÇäöíóÉõ ãõÓúÊóÞöáøóÉð ÛóíúÑó ãóÚúØõæÝóÉò.
æóÚóáóì ÞöÑóÇÁóÉö ÑóÝúÚö: æóáöÈÇÓõ ÇáÊøóÞúæì Êóßõæäõ ÌõãúáóÉõ: Ðáößó ãöäú ÂíÇÊö Çááøóåö ÇÓúÊöÆúäóÇÝ æóÇÍöÏðÇ æóÇáúÅöÔóÇÑóÉõ ÇáøóÊöí Ýöí ÇáúÌõãúáóÉö ÇáËøóÇäöíóÉö ÚóÇÆöÏóÉñ Åöáóì ÇáúãóÐúßõæÑö ÞóÈúáõ ãöäú ÃóÕúäóÇÝö ÇááøöÈóÇÓö ÍóÊøóì ÇáúãóÌóÇÒöíøö Úóáóì ÊóÝúÓöíÑö áöÈóÇÓö ÇáÊøóÞúæóì ÈöÇáúãóÌóÇÒöíøö.
æóÖóãöíÑõ ÇáúÛóíúÈóÉö Ýöí: áóÚóáøóåõãú íóÐøóßøóÑõæäó ÇáúÊöÝóÇÊñ Ãóíú ÌóÚóáó Çááøóåõ Ðóáößó ÂíóÉð áóÚóáøóßõãú ÊóÊóÐóßøóÑõæäó ÚóÙöíãó ÞõÏúÑóÉö Çááøóåö ÊóÚóÇáóì æóÇäúÝöÑóÇÏöåö ÈöÇáúÎóáúÞö æóÇáÊøóÞúÏöíÑö æóÇááøõØúÝö¡ æóÝöí åóÐóÇ ÇáöÇáúÊöÝóÇÊö ÊóÚúÑöíÖñ Èöãóäú áóãú íóÊóÐóßøóÑú ãöäú Èóäöí ÂÏóãó ÝóßóÃóäøóåõ ÛóÇÆöÈñ Úóäú ÍóÖúÑóÉö ÇáúÎöØóÇÈö¡ Úóáóì Ãóäøó ÖóãóÇÆöÑó ÇáúÛóíúÈóÉö¡ Ýöí ãöËúáö åóÐóÇ ÇáúãóÞóÇãö Ýöí ÇáúÞõÑúÂäö¡ ßóËöíÑðÇ ãóÇ íõÞúÕóÏõ ÈöåóÇ ãÔÑßæ ÇáúÚóÑóÈ.
[27]
[ÓõæÑóÉ ÇáúÃóÚúÑóÇÝ (7) : ÂíóÉ 27]
íóÇ Èóäöí ÂÏóãó áóÇ íóÝúÊöäóäøóßõãõ ÇáÔøóíúØÇäõ ßóãÇ ÃóÎúÑóÌó ÃóÈóæóíúßõãú ãöäó ÇáúÌóäøóÉö íóäúÒöÚõ ÚóäúåõãÇ áöÈÇÓóåõãÇ áöíõÑöíóåõãÇ ÓóæúÂÊöåöãÇ Åöäøóåõ íóÑÇßõãú åõæó æóÞóÈöíáõåõ ãöäú ÍóíúËõ áóÇ ÊóÑóæúäóåõãú ÅöäøóÇ ÌóÚóáúäóÇ ÇáÔøóíÇØöíäó ÃóæúáöíÇÁó áöáøóÐöíäó áóÇ íõÄúãöäõæäó (27)
ÃõÚöíÏó ÎöØóÇÈõ Èóäöí ÂÏóãó¡ ÝóåóÐóÇ ÇáäøöÏóÇÁõ ÊóßúãöáóÉñ áöáúÂíö ÞóÈúáóåõ¡ Èõäöíó Úóáóì ÇáÊøóÍúÐöíÑö ãöäú ãõÊóÇÈóÚóÉö
ÇáÔøóíúØóÇäö Åöáóì ÅöÙúåóÇÑö ßóíúÏöåö áöáäøóÇÓö ãöäö ÇÈúÊöÏóÇÁö ÎóáúÞöåöãú¡ ÅöÐú ßóÇÏó áöÃóÕúáöåöãú.
æóÇáäøöÏóÇÁõ ÈöÚõäúæóÇäö Èóäöí ÂÏóãó: áöáúæóÌúåö ÇáøóÐöí ÐóßóÑúÊõåõ Ýöí ÇáúÂíóÉö ÞóÈúáóåóÇ¡ ãóÚó ÒöíóÇÏóÉö ÇáÊøóäúæöíåö ÈöãöäøóÉö ÇááøöÈóÇÓö ÊóæúßöíÏðÇ áöáÊøóÚúÑöíÖö ÈöÍóãóÇÞóÉö ÇáøóÐöíäó íóÍõÌøõæäó ÚõÑóÇÉð.(8-È/76)
æóÞóÏú äõåõæÇ Úóäú Ãóäú íóÝúÊöäóåõãõ ÇáÔøóíúØóÇäõ¡ æóÝõÊõæäõ ÇáÔøóíúØóÇäö ÍõÕõæáõ ÂËóÇÑö æóÓúæóÓóÊöåö¡ Ãóíú áóÇ ÊõãóßøöäõæÇ ÇáÔøóíúØóÇäó ãöäú Ãóäú íóÝúÊöäóßõãú¡ æóÇáúãóÚúäóì Çáäøóåúíõ Úóäú ØóÇÚóÊöåö¡ æóåóÐóÇ ãöäú ãõÈóÇáóÛóÉö Çáäøóåúíö¡ æóãöäúåõ Þóæúáõ ÇáúÚóÑóÈö áóÇ ÃóÚúÑöÝóäøóßó ÊóÝúÚóáõ ßóÐóÇ: Ãóíú áóÇ ÊóÝúÚóáóäøó ÝóÃóÚúÑöÝõ ÝöÚúáóßó¡ áóÇ ÃóÑóíóäøóßó åõäóÇ: Ãóíú áóÇ ÊóÍúÖõÑóäøó åõäóÇ ÝóÃóÑóÇßó¡ ÝóÇáúãóÚúäóì áóÇ ÊõØöíÚõæÇ ÇáÔøóíúØóÇäó Ýöí ÝöÊóäöåö ÝóíóÝúÊöäóßõãú æóãöËúáõ åóÐóÇ ßöäóÇíóÉñ Úóäö Çáäøóåúíö Úóäú ÝöÚúáò æóÇáäøóåúíö Úóäö ÇáÊøóÚóÑøõÖö áöÃóÓúÈóÇÈöåö.
æóÔõÈøöåó ÇáúÝõÊõæäõ ÇáÕøóÇÏöÑõ ãöäó ÇáÔøóíúØóÇäö áöáäøóÇÓö ÈöÝóÊúäöåö ÂÏóãó æóÒóæúÌóåõ ÅöÐú ÃóÞúÏóãóåõãóÇ Úóáóì ÇáúÃóßúáö ãöäó ÇáÔøóÌóÑóÉö Çáúãóäúåöíøö Úóäúåõ¡ ÝóÃóÎúÑóÌóåõãóÇ ãöäú äóÚöíãò ßóÇäóÇ Ýöíåö¡ ÊóÐúßöíÑðÇ áöáúÈóÔóÑö ÈöÃóÚúÙóãö ÝöÊúäóÉò ÝóÊóäó ÇáÔøóíúØóÇäõ ÈöåóÇ äóæúÚóåõãú¡ æóÔóãóáóÊú ßõáøó ÃóÍóÏò ãöäó ÇáäøóæúÚö¡ ÅöÐú ÍõÑöãó ãöäó ÇáäøóÚöíãö ÇáøóÐöí ßóÇäó íóÊóÍóÞøóÞõ áóåõ áóæú ÈóÞöíó ÃóÈóæóÇåõ Ýöí ÇáúÌóäøóÉö æóÊóäóÇÓóáóÇ ÝöíåóÇ¡ æóÝöí Ðóáößó ÃóíúÖðÇ ÊóÐúßöíÑñ ÈöÃóäøó ÚóÏóÇæóÉó ÇáúÈóÔóÑö áöáÔøóíúØóÇäö ãóæúÑõæËóÉñ¡ Ýóíóßõæäõ ÃóÈúÚóËó áóåõãú Úóáóì ÇáúÍóÐóÑö ãöäú ßóíúÏöåö.
æó (ãóÇ) Ýöí Þóæúáöåö: ßóãÇ ÃóÎúÑóÌó ãóÕúÏóÑöíøóÉñ¡ æóÇáúÌóÇÑøõ æóÇáúãóÌúÑõæÑõ Ýöí ãóæúÖöÚö ÇáÕøöÝóÉö áöãóÕúÏóÑò ãóÍúÐõæÝò åõæó ãóÝúÚõæáñ ãõØúáóÞñ áöíóÝúÊöäóäøóßõãõ¡ æóÇáÊøóÞúÏöíÑõ: ÝõÊõæäðÇ ßóÅöÎúÑóÇÌöåö ÃóÈóæóíúßõãú ãöäó ÇáúÌóäøóÉö¡ ÝóÅöäøó ÅöÎúÑóÇÌóåõ ÅöíøóÇåõãóÇ ãöäó ÇáúÌóäøóÉö ÝõÊõæäñ ÚóÙöíãñ íõÔóÈøóåõ Èöåö ÝõÊõæäõ ÇáÔøóíúØóÇäö Íöíäó íõÑóÇÏõ ÊóÞúÑöíÈõ ãóÚúäóÇåõ áöáúÈóÔóÑö æóÊóÎúæöíÝõåõãú ãöäúåõ.
æóÇáúÃóÈóæóÇäö ÊóËúäöíóÉõ ÇáúÃóÈö¡ æóÇáúãõÑóÇÏõ ÈöåöãóÇ ÇáúÃóÈõ æóÇáúÃõãøõ Úóáóì ÇáÊøóÛúáöíÈö¡ æóåõæó ÊóÛúáöíÈñ ÔóÇÆöÚñ Ýöí ÇáúßóáóÇãö æóÊóÞóÏøóãó ÚöäúÏó Þóæúáöåö ÊóÚóÇáóì: æóáöÃóÈóæóíúåö Ýöí ÓõæÑóÉö ÇáäøöÓóÇÁö [11] . æóÃõØúáöÞó ÇáúÃóÈõ åõäóÇ Úóäö ÇáúÌóÏøö áöÃóäøóåõ ÃóÈñ ÃóÚúáóì¡ ßóãóÇ Ýöí
Þóæá ÇáäøÈíÁ Õóáøóì Çááåõ Úóáóíúåö æóÓóáøóãó: «ÃóäóÇ ÇÈúäõ ÚóÈúÏö ÇáúãõØøóáöÈö»
. æóÌõãúáóÉõ: íóäúÒöÚõ ÚóäúåõãÇ áöÈÇÓóåõãÇ Ýöí ãóæúÖöÚö ÇáúÍóÇáö ÇáúãõÞóÇÑöäóÉö ãöäó ÇáÖøóãöíÑö ÇáúãõÓúÊóÊöÑö Ýöí:
ÃóÎúÑóÌó Ãóæú ãöäú: ÃóÈóæóíúßõãú æóÇáúãóÞúÕõæÏõ ãöäú åóÐöåö ÇáúÍóÇáö ÊóÝúÙöíÚõ åóíúÆóÉö ÇáúÅöÎúÑóÇÌö ÈößóæúäöåóÇ ÍóÇÕöáóÉð Ýöí ÍóÇáö ÇäúßöÔóÇÝö ÓóæúÂÊöåöãóÇ áöÃóäøó ÇäúßöÔóÇÝó ÇáÓøóæúÁóÉö(8-È/77)
ãöäú ÃóÚúÙóãö ÇáúÝóÙóÇÆöÚö Ýöí ãõÊóÚóÇÑóÝö ÇáäøóÇÓö.
æóÇáÊøóÚúÈöíÑõ ÚóãøóÇ ãóÖóì ÈöÇáúÝöÚúáö ÇáúãõÖóÇÑöÚö áöÇÓúÊöÍúÖóÇÑö ÇáÕøõæÑóÉö ÇáúÚóÌöíÈóÉö ãöäú Êóãóßøõäöåö ãöäú Ãóäú íóÊúÑõßóåõãóÇ ÚõÑúíóÇäóíúäö.
æóÇááøöÈóÇÓõ ÊóÞóÏøóãó ÞóÑöíÈðÇ¡ æóíóÌõæÒõ åõäóÇ Ãóäú íóßõæäó ÍóÞöíÞóÉð æóåõæó áöÈóÇÓñ ÌóáøóáóåõãóÇ Çááøóåõ Èöåö Ýöí Êöáúßó ÇáúÌóäøóÉö íóÍúÌõÈõ ÓóæúÂÊöåöãóÇ¡ ßóãóÇ Ñõæöíó Ãóäøóåõ ÍöÌóÇÈñ ãöäú äõæÑò¡ æóÑõæöíó Ãóäøóåõ ßóÞöÔúÑö ÇáúÃóÙúÝóÇÑö æóåöíó
ÑöæóÇíóÇÊñ ÛóíúÑõ ÕóÍöíÍóÉò. æóÇáúÃóÙúåóÑõ Ãóäøó äóÒúÚó ÇááøöÈóÇÓö ÊóãúËöíáñ áöÍóÇáö ÇáÊøóÓóÈøõÈö Ýöí ÙõåõæÑö ÇáÓøóæúÁóÉö.
æóßóÑøóÑó ÇáÊøóäúæöíåó ÈöÇááøöÈóÇÓö ÊóãúßöíäðÇ áöáÊøóãúåöíÏö áöÞóæúáöåö ÊóÚóÇáóì ÈóÚúÏóåõ: ÎõÐõæÇ ÒöíäóÊóßõãú ÚöäúÏó ßõáøö ãóÓúÌöÏò [ÇáúÃóÚúÑóÇÝ: 31] .
æóÅöÓúäóÇÏõ ÇáúÅöÎúÑóÇÌö æóÇáäøóÒúÚö æóÇáúÅöÑóÇÁóÉö Åöáóì ÇáÔøóíúØóÇäö ãóÌóÇÒñ ÚóÞúáöíøñ¡ ãóÈúäöíøñ Úóáóì ÇáÊøóÓóÇãõÍö Ýöí ÇáúÅöÓúäóÇÏö ÈöÊóäúÒöíáö ÇáÓøóÈóÈö ãóäúÒöáóÉó ÇáúÝóÇÚöáö¡ ÓóæóÇÁñ ÇÚúÊõÈöÑó ÇáäøóÒúÚõ ÍóÞöíÞóÉð Ãóãú ÊóãúËöíáðÇ¡ ÝóÅöäøó ÃóØúÑóÇÝó ÇáúÅöÓúäóÇÏö ÇáúãóÌóÇÒöíøö ÇáúÚóÞúáöíøö Êóßõæäõ ÍóÞóÇÆöÞó¡ æóÊóßõæäõ ãóÌóÇÒóÇÊò¡ æóÊóßõæäõ ãõÎúÊóáöÝóÉð¡ ßóãóÇ ÊóÞóÑøóÑó Ýöí Úöáúãö ÇáúãóÚóÇäöí.
æóÇááøóÇãõ Ýöí Þóæúáöåö: áöíõÑöíóåõãÇ ÓóæúÂÊöåöãÇ áóÇãõ ÇáÊøóÚúáöíáö ÇáöÇÏøöÚóÇÆöíøö¡ ÊóÈóÚðÇ áöáúãóÌóÇÒö ÇáúÚóÞúáöíøö¡ áöÃóäøóåõ áóãøóÇ ÃõÓúäöÏó ÇáúÅöÎúÑóÇÌ æÇáäøÒÚ æÇáÅÑÇÁÉ Åöáóíúåö Úóáóì æóÌúåö ÇáúãóÌóÇÒö ÇáúÚóÞúáöíøö¡ ÝóÌõÚöáó ßóÃóäøóåõ ÝóÇÚöáõ ÇáúÅöÎúÑóÇÌö æóäóÒúÚö áöÈóÇÓöåöãóÇ æóÅöÑóÇÁóÊöåöãóÇ ÓóæúÂÊöåöãóÇ¡ äóÇÓóÈó Ãóäú íõÌúÚóáó áóåõ ÛóÑóÖñ ãöäú Êöáúßó ÇáúÃóÝúÚóÇá æóåõæó Ãóä íÑíåãÇ ÓæÂÊåãÇ áíÊã ÇÏøÚÇÁ ßóæäå ÝóÇÚá Êöáúßó ÇáúÃóÝúÚóÇáö ÇáúãõÖöÑøóÉö¡ æóßóæúäõåõ ÞóÇÕöÏðÇ ãöäú Ðóáößó ÇáÔøóäóÇÚóÉó æóÇáúÝóÙóÇÚóÉó¡ ßóÔóÃúäö ÇáúÝóÇÚöáöíäó Ãóäú Êóßõæäó áóåõã Úáá ÛÇÆíÉ ãöäú ÃóÝúÚóÇáöåöãú ÅöÊúãóÇãðÇ áöáúßóíúÏö¡ æóÅöäøóãóÇ ÇáÔøóíúØóÇäõ Ýöí ÇáúæóÇÞöÚö ÓóÈóÈñ áöÑõÄúíóÊöåöãóÇ ÓóæúÂÊöåöãóÇ¡ ÝóÇäúÊóÙóãó ÇáúÅöÓúäóÇÏõ ÇáöÇÏøöÚóÇÆöíøõ ãóÚó ÇáÊøóÚúáöíáö ÇáöÇÏøöÚóÇÆöíøö¡ ÝóßóÇäóÊú áóÇãõ ÇáúÚöáøóÉö ÊóÞúæöíóÉð áöáúÅöÓúäóÇÏö ÇáúãóÌóÇÒöíøö¡ æóÊóÑúÔöíÍðÇ áóåõ¡ æóáöÃóÌúáö åóÐöåö ÇáäøõßúÊóÉö áóãú äóÌúÚóáö ÇááøóÇãó åõäóÇ áöáúÚóÇÞöÈóÉö ßóãóÇ ÌóÚóáúäóÇåóÇ Ýöí Þóæúáöåö: ÝóæóÓúæóÓó áóåõãóÇ ÇáÔøóíúØÇäõ áöíõÈúÏöíó áóåõãÇ ãóÇ æõæÑöíó ÚóäúåõãÇ ãöäú ÓóæúÂÊöåöãÇ [ÇáúÃóÚúÑóÇÝ: 20] ÅöÐú áóãú ÊõÞóÇÑóäö ÇááøóÇãõ åõäóÇáößó ÅöÓúäóÇÏðÇ ãóÌóÇÒöíøðÇ.
æóÝöí ÇáúÂíóÉö ÅöÔóÇÑóÉñ Åöáóì Ãóäøó ÇáÔøóíúØóÇäó íóåúÊóãøõ ÈößóÔúÝö ÓóæúÃóÉö ÇÈúäö ÂÏóãó áöÃóäøóåõ íóÓõÑøõåõ Ãóäú íóÑóÇåõ Ýöí ÍóÇáóÉö ÓõæÁò æóÝóÙóÇÚóÉò.(8-È/78)
æóÌõãúáóÉõ: Åöäøóåõ íóÑÇßõãú åõæó æóÞóÈöíáõåõ æóÇÞöÚóÉñ ãóæúÞöÚó ÇáÊøóÚúáöíáö áöáäøóåúíö Úóäö ÇáöÇÝúÊöÊóÇäö ÈöÝöÊúäóÉö ÇáÔøóíúØóÇäö¡ æóÇáÊøóÍúÐöíÑö ãöäú ßóíúÏöåö¡ áöÃóäøó ÔóÃúäó ÇáúÍóÐöÑö Ãóäú íóÑúÕõÏó ÇáÔøóíúÁó ÇáúãóÎõæÝó ÈöäóÙóÑöåö áöíóÍúÊóÑöÓó ãöäúåõ ÅöÐóÇ ÑóÃóì ÈóæóÇÏöÑóåõ¡ ÝóÃóÎúÈóÑó Çááøóåõ ÇáäøóÇÓó ÈöÃóäøó ÇáÔøóíóÇØöíäó ÊóÑóì ÇáúÈóÔóÑó¡ æóÃóäøó ÇáúÈóÔóÑó áóÇ íóÑóæúäóåóÇ¡ ÅöÙúåóÇÑðÇ áöáÊøóÝóÇæõÊö Èóíúäó ÌóÇäöÈö ßóíúÏöåöãú æóÌóÇäöÈö ÍóÐóÑö ÇáäøóÇÓö ãöäúåõã ÖóÚöíÝ¡ ÝóÅöäøó ÌóÇäöÈó ßóíúÏöåöãú Þóæöíøñ ãõÊóãóßøöäñ æóÌóÇäöÈõ ÍóÐóÑö ÇáäøóÇÓö ãöäúåõãú ÖóÚöíÝñ¡ áöÃóäøóåõãú íóÃúÊõæäó ÇáúãóßöíÏó ãöäú ÍóíúËõ áóÇ íóÏúÑöí.
ÝóáóíúÓó ÇáúãóÞúÕõæÏõ ãöäú Þóæúáöåö: Åöäøóåõ íóÑÇßõãú åõæó æóÞóÈöíáõåõ ãöäú ÍóíúËõ áóÇ ÊóÑóæúäóåõãú ÊóÚúáöíãõ ÍóÞöíÞóÉò ãöäú ÍóÞóÇÆöÞö ÇáúÃóÌúÓóÇãö ÇáúÎóÝöíøóÉö Úóäö ÇáúÍóæóÇÓøö æóåöíó ÇáúãõÓóãøóÇÉõ ÈöÇáúãõÌóÑøóÏóÇÊö Ýöí ÇÕúØöáóÇÍö ÇáúÍõßóãóÇÁö æóíõÓóãøöíåóÇ ÚõáóãóÇÄõäóÇ ÇáúÃóÑúæóÇÍó ÇáÓøõÝúáöíøóÉó ÅöÐú áóíúÓó ãöäú ÃóÛúÑóÇÖö ÇáúÞõÑúÂäö ÇáÊøóÕóÏøöí áöÊóÚúáöíãò ãöËúáö åóÐóÇ ÅöáøóÇ ãóÇ
áóåõ ÃóËóÑñ Ýöí ÇáÊøóÒúßöíóÉö ÇáäøóÝúÓöíøóÉö æóÇáúãóæúÚöÙóÉö.
æóÇáÖøóãöíÑõ ÇáøóÐöí ÇÊøóÕóáóÊú Èöåö (Åöäøó) ÚóÇÆöÏñ Åöáóì ÇáÔøóíúØóÇäö æóÚõØöÝó: æóÞóÈöíáõåõ Úóáóì ÇáÖøóãöíÑö ÇáúãõÓúÊóÊöÑö Ýöí Þóæúáöåö: íóÑÇßõãú æóáöÐóáößó ÝõÕöáó ÈöÇáÖøóãöíÑö ÇáúãõäúÝóÕöáö. æóÐõßöÑó ÇáúÞóÈöíáõ¡ æóåõæó ÈöãóÚúäóì ÇáúÞóÈöíáóÉö¡ áöáÏøóáóÇáóÉö Úóáóì Ãóäøó áóåõ ÃóäúÕóÇÑðÇ íóäúÕõÑõæäóåõ Úóáóì Íöíäö ÛóÝúáóÉò ãöäó ÇáäøóÇÓö¡ æóÝöí åóÐóÇ ÇáúãóÚúäóì ÊóÞúÑöíÈõ ÍóÇáö ÚóÏóÇæóÉö ÇáÔøóíóÇØöíäö ÈöãóÇ íóÚúåóÏõåõ ÇáúÚóÑóÈõ ãöäú ÔöÏøóÉö ÃóÎúÐö ÇáúÚóÏõæøö ÚóÏõæøóåõ Úóáóì ÛöÑøóÉò ãöäó ÇáúãóÃúÎõæÐö¡ ÊóÞõæáõ ÇáúÚóÑóÈõ: ÃóÊóÇåõãõ ÇáúÚóÏõæøõ æóåõãú ÛóÇÑøõæäó.
æóÊóÃúßöíÏõ ÇáúÎóÈóÑö ÈöÍóÑúÝö ÇáÊøóæúßöíÏö áöÊóäúÒöíáö ÇáúãõÎóÇØóÈöíäó Ýöí ÅöÚúÑóÇÖöåöãú Úóäö ÇáúÍóÐóÑö ãöäó ÇáÔøóíúØóÇäö æóÝöÊúäóÊöåö ãóäúÒöáóÉó ãóäú íóÊóÑóÏøóÏõæäó Ýöí Ãóäøó ÇáÔøóíúØóÇäó íóÑóÇåõãú æóÝöí Ãóäøóåõãú áóÇ íóÑóæúäóåõ.
æãöäú ÍóíúËõ áóÇ ÊóÑóæúäóåõãú ÇÈúÊöÏóÇÁõ ãóßóÇäö ãõÈúåóãò ÊóäúÊóÝöí Ýöíåö ÑõÄúíóÉõ ÇáúÈóÔóÑö¡ Ãóíú ãöäú ßõáøö ãóßóÇäò áóÇ ÊóÑóæúäóåõãú Ýöíåö¡ ÝóíõÝöíÏõ: Åöäøóåõ íóÑóÇßõãú æóÞóÈöíáõåõ æóÃóäúÊõãú áóÇ ÊóÑóæúäóåõ ÞóÑöíÈðÇ ßóÇäõæÇ Ãóæú ÈóÚöíÏðÇ¡ ÝóßóÇäóÊö ÇáÔøóíóÇØöíäõ ãóÍúÌõæÈöíäó Úóäú ÃóÈúÕóÇÑö ÇáúÈóÔóÑö¡ ÝóßóÇäó Ðóáößó åõæó ÇáúãõÚúÊóÇÏõ ãöäó ÇáúÌöäúÓóíúäö¡ ÝóÑõÄúíóÉõ ÐóæóÇÊö ÇáÔøóíóÇØöíäö ãõäúÊóÝöíóÉñ áóÇ ãóÍóÇáóÉó¡ æóÞóÏú íõÎóæøöáõ Çááøóåõ ÑõÄúíóÉó ÇáÔøóíóÇØöíäö Ãóæö ÇáúÌöäøö ãõÊóÔóßøöáóÉð Ýöí ÃóÔúßóÇáö ÇáúÌõÓúãóÇäöíøóÇÊö¡(8-È/79)
ãõÚúÌöÒóÉð áöáúÃóäúÈöíóÇÁö ßóãóÇ
æóÑóÏó Ýöí ÇáÕøóÍöíÍö: «Åöäøó ÚöÝúÑöíÊðÇ ãöäó ÇáúÌöäøö ÊóÝóáøóÊó Úóáóíøó ÇááøóíúáóÉó Ýöí ÕóáóÇÊöí ÝóåóãóãúÊõ Ãóäú ÃõæËöÞõåõ Ýöí ÓóÇÑöíóÉò ãöäó ÇáúãóÓúÌöÏö»
ÇáúÍóÏöíËó¡ Ãóæú ßóÑóÇãóÉð áöáÕøóÇáöÍöíäó ãöäó ÇáúÃõãóãö ßóãóÇ Ýöí ÍóÏöíËö ÇáøóÐöí ÌóÇÁó íóÓúÑöÞõ ãöäú ÒóßóÇÉö ÇáúÝöØúÑö ÚöäúÏó ÃóÈöí åõÑóíúÑóÉó¡
æóÞóæá ÇáäøÈíÁ Õóáøóì Çááåõ Úóáóíúåö æóÓóáøóãó áöÃóÈöí åõÑóíúÑóÉó: «Ðóáößó ÔóíúØóÇäñ»
ßóãóÇ Ýöí «ÇáÕøóÍöíÍóíúäö» ¡ æóáóÇ íóßõæäõ Ðóáößó ÅöáøóÇ Úóáóì ÊóÔóßøõáö ÇáÔøóíúØóÇäö Ãóæö ÇáúÌöäøö Ýöí ÕõæÑóÉò ÛóíúÑö ÕõæÑóÊöåö ÇáúÍóÞöíÞöíøóÉö¡ ÈöÊóÓúÎöíÑö Çááøóåö áöÊóÊóãóßøóäó ãöäúåõ ÇáÑøõÄúíóÉõ ÇáúÈóÔóÑöíøóÉõ¡ ÝóÇáúãóÑúÆöíøõ Ýöí ÇáúÍóÞöíÞóÉö ÇáÔøóßúáõ ÇáøóÐöí ãóÇåöíøóÉõ ÇáÔøóíúØóÇäö ãöäú æóÑóÇÆöåö¡ æóÐóáößó ÈöãóäúÒöáóÉö ÑõÄúíóÉö ãóßóÇäò íõÚúáóãõ Ãóäøó Ýöíåö ÔóíúØóÇäðÇ¡ æóØóÑöíÞõ ÇáúÚöáúãö ÈöÐóáößó åõæó ÇáúÎóÈóÑõ ÇáÕøóÇÏöÞõ¡ ÝóáóæúáóÇ ÇáúÎóÈóÑõ áóãóÇ Úõáöãó Ðóáößó.
æóÌõãúáóÉõ: ÅöäøóÇ ÌóÚóáúäóÇ ÇáÔøóíÇØöíäó ÃóæúáöíÇÁó áöáøóÐöíäó áóÇ íõÄúãöäõæäó ãõÓúÊóÃúäóÝóÉñ ÇÓúÊöÆúäóÇÝðÇ ÇÈúÊöÏóÇÆöíøðÇ ÞõÕöÏó ãöäúåõ ÇáöÇäúÊöÞóÇáõ Åöáóì ÃóÍúæóÇáö ÇáúãõÔúÑößöíäó Ýöí ÇÆúÊöãóÇÑöåöãú ÈöÃóãúÑö ÇáÔøóíúØóÇäö¡ ÊóÍúÐöíÑðÇ áöáúãõÄúãöäöíäó ãöäó ÇáöÇäúÊöÙóÇãö Ýöí Óóáúßöåöãú¡ æóÊóäúÝöíÑðÇ ãöäú ÃóÍúæóÇáöåöãú¡ æóÇáúãõäóÇÓóÈóÉõ åöíó ÇáÊøóÍúÐöíÑõ æóáóíúÓó áöåóÐöåö ÇáúÌõãúáóÉö ÊóÚóáøõÞñ ÈöÌõãúáóÉö:
Åöäøóåõ íóÑÇßõãú åõæó æóÞóÈöíáõåõ.
æóÊóÃúßöíÏõ ÇáúÎóÈóÑö ÈöÍóÑúÝö ÇáÊøóÃúßöíÏö áöáöÇåúÊöãóÇãö ÈöÇáúÎóÈóÑö ÈöÇáäøöÓúÈóÉö áöãóäú íóÓúãóÚõåõ ãöäó ÇáúãõÄúãöäöíäó.
æóÇáúÌóÚúáõ åõäóÇ ÌóÚúáõ ÇáÊøóßúæöíäö¡ ßóãóÇ íõÚúáóãõ ãöäú Þóæúáöåö ÊóÚóÇáóì: ÈóÚúÖõßõãú áöÈóÚúÖò ÚóÏõæøñ [ÇáúÃóÚúÑóÇÝ: 24] ÈöãóÚúäóì ÎóáóÞúäóÇ ÇáÔøóíóÇØöíäó.
æÃóæúáöíÇÁó ÍóÇáñ ãöäó ÇáÔøóíÇØöíäó æóåöíó ÍóÇáñ ãõÞóÏøóÑóÉñ Ãóíú ÎóáóÞúäóÇåõãú ãõÞóÏøóÑóÉñ æöáóÇíóÊõåõãú áöáøóÐöíäó áóÇ íõÄúãöäõæäó¡ æóÐóáößó Ãóäøó Çááøóåó ÌóÈóáó ÃóäúæóÇÚó ÇáúãóÎúáõæÞóÇÊö æóÃóÌúäóÇÓóåóÇ Úóáóì ØóÈóÇÆöÚó áóÇ ÊóäúÊóÞöáõ ÚóäúåóÇ¡ æóáóÇ ÊóÞúÏöÑõ Úóáóì ÇáÊøóÕóÑøõÝö ÈöÊóÛúíöíÑöåóÇ: ßóÇáöÇÝúÊöÑóÇÓö Ýöí ÇáúÃóÓóÏö¡ æóÇááøóÓúÚö Ýöí ÇáúÚóÞúÑóÈö¡ æóÎóáóÞó áöáúÅöäúÓóÇäö ÇáúÚóÞúáó æóÇáúÝößúÑó ÝóÌóÚóáóåõ ÞóÇÏöÑðÇ Úóáóì ÇßúÊöÓóÇÈö ãóÇ íõÎúÊóÇÑõ¡ æóáóãøóÇ ßóÇäó ãöäú ÌöÈöáøóÉö ÇáÔøóíóÇØöíäö ÍõÈøõ ãóÇ åõæó ÝóÓóÇÏñ¡ æóßóÇäó ãöäú ÞõÏúÑóÉö ÇáúÅöäúÓóÇäö æóßóÓúÈöåö Ãóäøóåõ ÞóÏú íóÊóØóáøóÈõ ÇáúÃóãúÑó ÇáúÚóÇÆöÏó ÈöÇáúÝóÓóÇÏö¡ ÅöÐóÇ ßóÇäó áóåõ Ýöíåö ÚóÇÌöáõ ÔóåúæóÉò Ãóæú ßóÇäó íõÔúÈöåõ ÇáúÃóÔúíóÇÁó(8-È/80)
æóÅöÐóÇ ÝóÚóáõæÇ ÝóÇÍöÔóÉð ÞóÇáõæÇ æóÌóÏúäóÇ ÚóáóíúåóÇ ÂÈóÇÁóäóÇ æóÇááøóåõ ÃóãóÑóäóÇ ÈöåóÇ Þõáú Åöäøó Çááøóåó áóÇ íóÃúãõÑõ ÈöÇáúÝóÍúÔóÇÁö ÃóÊóÞõæáõæäó Úóáóì Çááøóåö ãóÇ áóÇ ÊóÚúáóãõæäó (28)
ÇáÕøóÇáöÍóÉó Ýöí ÈóÇÏöÆö ÇáäøóÙúÑóÉö ÇáúÍóãúÞóÇÁö¡ ßóÇäó ÇáúÅöäúÓóÇäõ Ýöí åóÐöåö ÇáúÍóÇáóÉö ãõæóÇÝöÞðÇ áöØóÈúÚö ÇáÔøóíóÇØöíäö¡ æóãõÄúÊóãóÑðÇ ÈöãóÇ ÊõÓóæøöáõåõ Åöáóíúåö¡ Ëõãøó íóÛúáöÈõ ßóÓúÈõ ÇáúÝóÓóÇÏö æóÇáÔøóÑøö Úóáóì ÇáøóÐöíäó ÊóæóÛøóáõæÇ Ýöíåö æóÊóÏóÑøóÌõæÇ Åöáóíúåö¡ ÍóÊøóì ÕóÇÑó ÇáúãóÇáößõ áöÅöÑóÇÏóÇÊöåöãú¡ æóÊöáúßó ãóÑúÊóÈóÉõ ÇáúãõÔúÑößöíäó¡ æóÊóÊóÝóÇæóÊõ ãóÑóÇÊöÈõ åóÐöåö ÇáúæöáóÇíóÉö¡ ÝóáóÇ ÌóÑóãó äóÔóÃóÊú Èóíúäóåõãú æóÈóíúäó ÇáÔøóíóÇØöíäö æöáóÇíóÉñ æóæöÝóÇÞñ áöÊóÞóÇÑõÈö ÇáÏøóæóÇÚöí¡ ÝóÈöÐóáößó ÇäúÞóáóÈóÊö ÇáúÚóÏóÇæóÉõ ÇáøóÊöí Ýöí ÇáúÌöÈöáøóÉö ÇáøóÊöí ÃóËúÈóÊóåóÇ Þóæúáõåõ: Åöäøó ÇáÔøóíúØÇäó áóßõãÇ ÚóÏõæøñ ãõÈöíäñ [ÇáúÃóÚúÑóÇÝ: 22]- æóÞóæúáõåõ- ÈóÚúÖõßõãú áöÈóÚúÖò ÚóÏõæøñ [ÇáúÃóÚúÑóÇÝ: 24] ÝóÕóÇÑóÊú æöáóÇíóÉð æóãóÍóÈøóÉð ÚöäúÏó ÈõáõæÛö ÇÈúäö ÂÏóãó ÂÎöÑó ÏóÑóßóÇÊö ÇáúÝóÓóÇÏö¡ æóåõæó ÇáÔøöÑúßõ æóãóÇ Ýöíåö¡ ÝóÕóÇÑó åóÐóÇ ÌóÚúáðÇ ÌóÏöíÏðÇ äóÇÓöÎðÇ áöáúÌóÚúáö ÇáøóÐöí Ýöí Þóæúáöåö: ÈóÚúÖõßõãú áöÈóÚúÖò ÚóÏõæøñ ßóãóÇ ÊóÞóÏøóãóÊö ÇáúÅöÔóÇÑóÉõ Åöáóíúåö åõäóÇáößó¡ ÝóãóÇ Ýöí åóÐöåö ÇáúÂíóÉö ãõÞóíøöÏñ áöáúÅöØúáóÇÞö ÇáøóÐöí Ýöí ÇáúÂíóÉö ÇáúÃõÎúÑóì ÊóäúÈöíåðÇ Úóáóì Ãóäøó ãöäú ÍóÞøö ÇáúãõÄúãöäö Ãóäú áóÇ íõæóÇáöíó ÇáÔøóíúØóÇäó.
æóÇáúãõÑóÇÏõ ÈöÇáøóÐöíäó áóÇ íõÄúãöäõæäó ÇáúãõÔúÑößõæäó¡ áöÃóäøóåõãõ ÇáúãõÖóÇÏøõæäó áöáúãõÄúãöäöíäó Ýöí ãóßøóÉó¡ æóÓóÊóÌöíÁõ ÒöíóÇÏóÉõ ÈóíóÇäò áöåóÐöåö ÇáúÂíóÉö ÚöäúÏó Þóæúáöåö ÊóÚóÇáóì: íóÇ Èóäöí ÂÏóãó ÅöãøóÇ íóÃúÊöíóäøóßõãú ÑõÓõáñ ãöäúßõãú Ýöí åóÐöå ÇáÓøõæÑóÉ [35] .
[28]
[ÓõæÑóÉ ÇáúÃóÚúÑóÇÝ (7) : ÂíóÉ 28]
æóÅöÐÇ ÝóÚóáõæÇ ÝÇÍöÔóÉð ÞÇáõæÇ æóÌóÏúäÇ ÚóáóíúåÇ ÂÈÇÁóäÇ æóÇááøóåõ ÃóãóÑóäÇ ÈöåÇ Þõáú Åöäøó Çááøóåó áóÇ íóÃúãõÑõ ÈöÇáúÝóÍúÔÇÁö ÃóÊóÞõæáõæäó Úóáóì Çááøóåö ãóÇ áóÇ ÊóÚúáóãõæäó (28)
æóÅöÐÇ ÝóÚóáõæÇ ÝÇÍöÔóÉð ãóÚúØõæÝñ Úóáóì áöáøóÐöíäó áóÇ íõÄúãöäõæäó [ÇáúÃóÚúÑóÇÝ: 27] Ýóåõæó ãöäú ÌõãúáóÉö ÇáÕøöáóÉö¡ æóÝöíåö ÅöÏúãóÇÌñ áößóÔúÝö ÈóÇØöáöåöãú Ýöí ÊóÚóáøõáóÇÊöåöãú æóãóÚóÇÐöíÑöåöãõ ÇáúÝóÇÓöÏóÉö¡ Ãóíú áöáøóÐöíäó áóÇ íóÞúÈóáõæäó ÇáúÅöíãóÇäó æóíóÝúÚóáõæäó ÇáúÝóæóÇÍöÔó æóíóÚúÊóÐöÑõæäó Úóäú ÝöÚúáöåóÇ ÈöÃóäøóåõãõ ÇÊøóÈóÚõæÇ ÂÈóÇÁóåõãú æóÃóäøó Çááøóåó ÃóãóÑóåõãú ÈöÐóáößó¡ æóåóÐóÇ ÎóÇÕøñ ÈöÃóÍúæóÇáö ÇáúãõÔúÑößöíäó ÇáúãõßóÐøöÈöíäó¡ ÈöÞóÑöíäóÉö Þóæúáöåö:(8-È/81)
Þõáú Åöäøó Çááøóåó áóÇ íóÃúãõÑõ ÈöÇáúÝóÍúÔÇÁö æóÇáúãóÞúÕõæÏõ ãöäú ÌõãúáóÊóíö ÇáÕøöáóÉö: ÊóÝúÙöíÚõ ÍóÇáö Ïöíäöåöãú ÈöÃóäøóåõ ÇÑúÊößóÇÈõ ÝóæóÇÍöÔó¡ æóÊóÝúÙöíÚõ ÍóÇáö ÇÓúÊöÏúáóÇáöåöãú áóåóÇ ÈöãóÇ áóÇ íóäúÊóåöÖõ ÚöäúÏó Ãóåúáö ÇáúÚõÞõæáö. æóÌóÇÁó ÇáÔøóÑúØõ ÈöÍóÑúÝö ÅöÐÇ ÇáøóÐöí ãöäú ÔóÃúäöåö ÅöÝóÇÏóÉõ ÇáúíóÞöíäö ÈöæõÞõæÚö ÇáÔøóÑúØö áöíõÔöíÑó Åöáóì Ãóäøó åóÐóÇ ÍóÇÕöáñ ãöäúåõãú áóÇ ãóÍóÇáóÉó.
æóÇáúÝóÇÍöÔóÉõ Ýöí ÇáúÃóÕúáö ÕöÝóÉñ áöãóæúÕõæÝò ãóÍúÐõæÝò Ãóíú: ÝöÚúáóÉñ ÝóÇÍöÔóÉñ Ëõãøó äóÒóáó ÇáúæóÕúÝõ ãóäúÒöáóÉó ÇáöÇÓúãö áößóËúÑóÉö ÏóæóÑóÇäöåö¡ ÝóÕóÇÑóÊö ÇáúÝóÇÍöÔóÉõ ÇÓúãðÇ áöáúÚóãóáö ÇáÐøóãöíãö¡ æóåöíó ãõÔúÊóÞøóÉñ ãöäó ÇáúÝõÍúÔö- ÈöÖóãøö ÇáúÝóÇÁö- æóåõæó ÇáúßóËúÑóÉõ æóÇáúÞõæøóÉõ Ýöí ÇáÔøóíúÁö ÇáúãóÐúãõæãö æóÇáúãóßúÑõæåö¡ æóÛóáóÈóÊö ÇáúÝóÇÍöÔóÉõ Ýöí ÇáúÃóÝúÚóÇáö ÇáÔøóÏöíÏóÉö ÇáúÞõÈúÍö æóåöíó ÇáøóÊöí ÊóäúÝöÑõ ãöäúåóÇ ÇáúÝöØúÑóÉõ ÇáÓøóáöíãóÉõ¡ Ãóæú íóäúÔóÃõ ÚóäúåóÇ ÖõÑøñ æóÝóÓóÇÏñ ÈöÍóíúËõ íóÃúÈóÇåóÇ Ãóåúáõ ÇáúÚõÞõæáö ÇáÑøóÇÌöÍóÉö¡ æóíõäúßöÑõåóÇ Ãõæáõæ ÇáúÃóÍúáóÇãö¡ æóíóÓúÊóÍúíöí ÝóÇÚöáõåóÇ ãöäó ÇáäøóÇÓö¡ æóíóÊóÓóÊøóÑõ ãöäú ÝöÚúáöåóÇ ãËá ÇáúÈÛÇÁ æÇáÒøäì æóÇáúæóÃúÏö æóÇáÓøóÑöÞóÉö¡ Ëõãøó Êóäúåóì ÚóäúåóÇ ÇáÔøóÑóÇÆöÚõ ÇáúÍóÞøóÉõ¡ ÝóÇáúÝöÚúáõ íõæÕóÝõ ÈöÃóäøóåõ ÝóÇÍöÔóÉñ ÞóÈúáó æõÑõæÏö ÇáÔøóÑúÚö¡ ßóÃóÝúÚóÇáö Ãóåúáö ÇáúÌóÇåöáöíøóÉö¡ ãöËúáó ÇáÓøõÌõæÏö áöáÊøóãóÇËöíáö æóÇáúÍöÌóÇÑóÉö æóØóáóÈö ÇáÔøóÝóÇÚóÉö ãöäúåóÇ æóåöíó ÌóãóÇÏñ¡ æóãöËúáó ÇáúÚóÑóÇÁö Ýöí ÇáúÍóÌøö¡ æóÊóÑúßö ÊóÓúãöíóÉö Çááøóåö Úóáóì ÇáÐøóÈóÇÆöÍö¡ æóåöíó ãöäú ÎóáúÞö Çááøóåö æóÊóÓúÎöíÑöåö¡ æóÇáúÈöÛóÇÁö¡ æóÇÓúÊöÍúáóÇáö ÃóãúæóÇáö ÇáúíóÊóÇãóì æóÇáÖøõÚóÝóÇÁö¡ æóÍöÑúãóÇäö ÇáúÃóÞóÇÑöÈö ãöäó ÇáúãöíÑóÇËö¡ æóÇÓúÊöÔóÇÑóÉö ÇáúÃóÒúáóÇãö Ýöí ÇáúÅöÞúÏóÇãö Úóáóì ÇáúÚóãóáö Ãóæú ÊóÑúßöåö¡ æóÞóÊúáö ÛóíúÑö ÇáúÞóÇÊöáö áöÃóäøóåõ ãöäú ÞóÈöíáóÉö ÇáúÞóÇÊöáö¡ æóÊóÍúÑöíãöåöãú Úóáóì ÃóäúÝõÓöåöãú ßóËöíÑðÇ ãöäó ÇáØøóíøöÈóÇÊö ÇáøóÊöí ÃóÍóáøóåóÇ Çááøóåõ æóÊóÍúáöíáöåöãõ ÇáúÎóÈóÇÆöËó ãöËúáó ÇáúãóíúÊóÉö æóÇáÏøóãö. æóÞóÏú Ñõæöíó Úóäö ÇÈúäö ÚóÈøóÇÓò Ãóäøó ÇáúãõÑóÇÏó ÈöÇáúÝóÇÍöÔóÉö Ýöí ÇáúÂíóÉö ÇáÊøóÚóÑøöí Ýöí ÇáúÍóÌøö¡ æóÅöäøóãóÇ ãóÍúãóáõ ßóáóÇãöåö Úóáóì Ãóäøó ÇáÊøóÚóÑøöíó Ýöí ÇáúÍóÌøö ãöäú Ãóæøóáö ãóÇ ÃõÑöíÏó ÈöÇáúÝóÇÍöÔóÉö áóÇ ÞóÕúÑöåóÇ Úóáóíúåö ÝóßóÃóä ÃÆãøÉ ÇáÔøöÑúßö ÞóÏú ÃóÚóÏøõæÇ áöÃóÊúÈóÇÚöåöãú ãóÚóÇÐöíÑó Úóäú Êöáúßó ÇáúÃóÚúãóÇáö æóáóÞøóäõæåóÇ ÅöíøóÇåõãú¡ æóÌöãóÇÚõåóÇ Ãóäú íóäúÓõÈõæåóÇ Åöáóì ÂÈóÇÆöåöãõ ÇáÓøóÇáöÝöíäó ÇáøóÐöíäó åõãú ÞõÏúæóÉñ áöÎóáóÝöåöãú¡ æóÇÚúÊóÞóÏõæÇ Ãóäøó ÂÈóÇÁóåõãú ÃóÚúáóãõ ÈöãóÇ Ýöí Øóíøö Êöáúßó ÇáúÃóÚúãóÇáö ãöäú ãóÕóÇáöÍó áóæö ÇØøóáóÚó ÚóáóíúåóÇ ÇáúãõäúßöÑõæäó áóÚóÑóÝõæÇ ãóÇ ÃóäúßóÑõæÇ¡ Ëõãøó ÚóØóÝõæÇ Úóáóì Ðóáößó Ãóäøó Çááøóåó ÃóãóÑó ÈöÐóáößó íóÚúäõæäó Ãóäøó ÂÈóÇÁóåõãú ãóÇ ÑóÓóãõæåóÇ ãöäú ÊöáúÞóÇÁö ÃóäúÝõÓöåöãú¡ æóáóßöäøóåõãú ÑóÓóãõæåóÇ ÈöÃóãúÑò ãöäó Çááøóåö ÊóÚóÇáóì¡ ÝóÝõåöãó ãöäúåõ Ãóäøóåõãõ ÇÚúÊóÐóÑõæÇ(8-È/82)
áöÃóäúÝõÓöåöãú æóÇÚúÊóÐóÑõæÇ áöÂÈóÇÆöåöãú¡ ÝóãóÚúäóì Þóæúáöåöãú: æóÇááøóåõ ÃóãóÑóäÇ ÈöåÇ áóíúÓó ÇÏøöÚóÇÁõ ÈõáõæÛö ÃóãúÑò ãöäó Çááøóåö Åöáóíúåöãú æóáóßöäøóåõãú ÃóÑóÇÏõæÇ Ãóäøó Çááøóåó ÃóãóÑó ÂÈóÇÁóåõãõ ÇáøóÐöíäó ÑóÓóãõæÇ Êöáúßó ÇáÑøõÓõæãó æóÓóäøõæåóÇ ÝóßóÇäó ÃóãúÑõ Çááøóåö ÂÈóÇÁóåõãú ÃóãúÑðÇ áóåõãú¡ áöÃóäøóåõ ÃóÑóÇÏó ÈóÞóÇÁó Ðóáößó Ýöí ÐõÑøöíøóÇÊöåöãú¡ ÝóåóÐóÇ ãóÚúäóì ÇÓúÊöÏúáóÇáöåöãú¡ æóÞóÏú ÃóÌúãóáóåõ ÅöíÌóÇÒõ ÇáúÞõÑúÂäö ÇÚúÊöãóÇÏðÇ Úóáóì ÝöØúäóÉö ÇáúãõÎóÇØóÈöíäó.
æóÃõÓúäöÏó ÇáúÝöÚúáõ æóÇáúÞóæúáõ Åöáóì ÖóãöíÑö ÇáøóÐöíäó áóÇ íõÄúãöäõæäó Ýöí Þóæúáöåö: æóÅöÐÇ ÝóÚóáõæÇ ÝÇÍöÔóÉð ÞÇáõæÇ: Úóáóì ãóÚúäóì ÇáúÅöÓúäóÇÏö Åöáóì ÖóãöíÑö ÇáúãóÌúãõæÚö¡ æóÞóÏú íóßõæäõ ÇáúÞóÇÆöáõ ÛóíúÑó ÇáúÝóÇÚöáö¡ æóÇáúÝóÇÚöáõ ÛóíúÑó ÞóÇÆöáò¡ ÇÚúÊöÏóÇÏðÇ ÈöÃóäøóåõãú áóãøóÇ ÕóÏøóÞó ÈóÚúÖõåõãú ÈóÚúÖðÇ Ýöí Ðóáößó ÝóßóÃóäøóåõãú ÝóÚóáõæåõ ßõáøõåõãú æóÇÚúÊóÐóÑõæÇ Úóäúåõ ßõáøõåõãú.
æóÃóÝóÇÏó ÇáÔøóÑúØõ ÑóÈúØðÇ Èóíúäó ÝöÚúáöåöãõ ÇáúÝóÇÍöÔóÉó æóÞóæúáöåöãú: æóÌóÏúäÇ ÚóáóíúåÇ ÂÈÇÁóäÇ ÈöÇÚúÊöÈóÇÑö ÅöíÌóÇÒò Ýöí ÇáúßóáóÇãö íóÏõáøõ Úóáóíúåö ÇáÓøöíóÇÞõ¡ ÅöÐö ÇáúãóÝúåõæãõ Ãóäøóåõãú ÅöÐóÇ ÝóÚóáõæÇ ÝóÇÍöÔóÉð ÝóÃõäúßöÑóÊú Úóáóíúåöãú Ãóæú äõåõæÇ ÚóäúåóÇ
ÞóÇáõæÇ æóÌóÏúäóÇ ÚóáóíúåóÇ ÂÈóÇÁóäóÇ¡ æóáóíúÓó ÇáúãõÑóÇÏõ ÈöÇáúÅöäúßóÇÑö æóÇáäøóåúíö ÎõÕõæÕó äóåúíö ÇáúÅöÓúáóÇãö ÅöíøóÇåõãú Úóäú ÖóáóÇáöåöãú¡ æóáóßöäøó ÇáúãõÑóÇÏó äóåúíõ Ãóíøö äóÇåò æóÅöäúßóÇÑõ Ãóíøö ãõäúßöÑò¡ ÝóÞóÏú ßóÇäó íõäúßöÑõ Úóáóíúåöãõ ÇáúÝóæóÇÍöÔó ãóäú áóÇ íõæóÇÝöÞõæäóåõãú ÚóáóíúåóÇ ãöäó ÇáúÞóÈóÇÆöáö¡ ÝóÅöäøó Ïöíäó ÇáúãõÔúÑößöíäó ßóÇäó ÃóÔúÊóÇÊðÇ ãõÎúÊóáöÝðÇ¡ æóßóÇäó íõäúßöÑõ Úóáóíúåöãú Ðóáößó ãóäú ÎóáóÚõæÇ ÇáÔøöÑúßó ãöäó ÇáúÚóÑóÈö ãöËúáó ÒóíúÏö Èúäö ÚóãúÑöæ Èúäö äõÝóíúáò¡ æóÃõãóíøóÉó ÇÈúä ÃóÈöí ÇáÕøóáúÊö¡ æóÞóÏú ÞóÇáó áóåõãú ÒóíúÏõ Èúäõ ÚóãúÑòæ: «Åöäøó Çááøóåó ÎóáóÞó ÇáÔøóÇÉó æóÃóäúÒóáó áóåóÇ ÇáúãóÇÁó ãöäó ÇáÓøóãóÇÁö æóÃóäúÈóÊó áóåóÇ ÇáúÚõÔúÈó Ëõãøó ÃóäúÊõãú ÊóÐúÈóÍõæäóåóÇ áöÛóíúÑöåö» æóßóÇäó íõäúßöÑõ Úóáóíúåöãú ãóäú íóÊóÍóÑøóÌõ ãöäú ÃóÝúÚóÇáöåöãú Ëõãøó áóÇ íóÓóÚõåõ ÅöáøóÇ ÇÊøöÈóÇÚõåõãú ÝöíåóÇ ÅößúÑóÇåðÇ.
æóßóÇäó íõäúßöÑõ Úóáóíúåöãú ãóäú áóÇ ÊõæóÇÝöÞõ ÃóÚúãóÇáõåõãú åóæóÇåõ: ßóãóÇ æóÞÚ áÇãÑìÁ ÇáúÞóíúÓö¡ ÍóíúËõ ÚóÒóãó Úóáóì ÞöÊóÇáö Èóäöí ÃóÓóÏò ÈóÚúÏó ÞóÊúáöåöãú ÃóÈóÇåõ ÍõÌúÑðÇ¡ ÝóÞóÕóÏó ÐóÇ ÇáúÎóáóÕóÉö- Õóäóãó ÎóËúÚóãó- æóÇÓúÊóÞúÓóãó ÚöäúÏóåõ ÈöÇáúÃóÒúáóÇãö ÝóÎóÑóÌó áóåõ ÇáäøóÇåöí ÝóßóÓóÑó ÇáúÃóÒúáóÇãó æóÞóÇáó:
áóæú ßõäúÊó íóÇ ÐóÇ ÇáúÎóáóÕö ÇáúãõæÊõæÑóÇ ... ãöËúáöí æóßóÇäó ÔóíúÎõßó ÇáúãóÞúÈõæÑóÇ
áóãú Êóäúåó Úóäú ÞóÊúáö ÇáúÚõÏóÇÉö ÒõæÑðÇ(8-È/83)
Ëõãøó ÌóÇÁó ÇáúÅöÓúáóÇãõ ÝóäóÚóì Úóáóíúåöãú ÃóÚúãóÇáóåõãõ ÇáúÝóÇÓöÏóÉó¡ æóÃóÓúãóÚóåõãú ÞóæóÇÑöÚó ÇáúÞõÑúÂäö ÝóÍöíäóÆöÐò ÊóÕóÏøóæúÇ áöáöÇÚúÊöÐóÇÑö. æóÞóÏú Úõáöãó ãöäó ÇáÓøöíóÇÞö ÊóÔúäöíÚõ ãóÚúÐöÑóÊöåöãú æóÝóÓóÇÏõ ÍõÌøóÊöåöãú.
æóÏóáøóÊö ÇáúÂíóÉõ Úóáóì ÅöäúßóÇÑö ãóÇ ßóÇäó ãõãóÇËöáðÇ áöåóÐóÇ ÇáöÇÓúÊöÏúáóÇáö æóåõæó ßõáøõ Ïóáöíáò ÊóæóßøóÃó Úóáóì ÇÊøöÈóÇÚö ÇáúÂÈóÇÁö Ýöí ÇáúÃõãõæÑö ÇáÙøóÇåöÑö ÝóÓóÇÏõåóÇ æóÝõÍúÔõåóÇ¡ æóßõáøõ Ïóáöíáò ÇÓúÊóäóÏó Åöáóì ãóÇ áóÇ ÞöÈóáó áöáúãõÓúÊóÏöáøö ÈöÚöáúãöåö¡ ÝóÅöäøó Þóæúáóåõãú: æóÇááøóåõ ÃóãóÑóäÇ ÈöåÇ ÏóÚúæóì ÈóÇØöáóÉñ ÅöÐú áóãú íóÈúáõÛúåõãú ÃóãúÑõ Çááøóåö ÈöÐóáößó ÈöæóÇÓöØóÉö ãõÈóáøöÛò¡ ÝóÅöäøóåõãú ßóÇäõæÇ íõäúßöÑõæäó ÇáäøõÈõæÁóÉó¡ Ýóãöäú Ãóíúäó áóåõãú ÊóáóÞøöí ãõÑóÇÏö Çááøóåö ÊóÚóÇáóì.
æóÞóÏú ÑóÏøó Çááøóåõ Ðóáößó Úóáóíúåöãú ÈöÞóæúáöåö áöÑóÓõæáöåö: Þõáú Åöäøó Çááøóåó áóÇ íóÃúãõÑõ ÈöÇáúÝóÍúÔÇÁö ÝóÃóÚúÑóÖó Úóäú ÑóÏøö Þóæúáöåöãú: æóÌóÏúäÇ ÚóáóíúåÇ ÂÈÇÁóäÇ áöÃóäøóåõ Åöäú ßóÇäó íõÑóÇÏõ ÑóÏøõåõ ãöäú ÌöåóÉö ÇáÊøóßúÐöíÈö Ýóåõãú ÛóíúÑõ ßóÇÐöÈöíäó Ýöí Þóæúáöåöãú¡ áöÃóäøó ÂÈóÇÁóåõãú ßóÇäõæÇ íóÃúÊõæäó Êöáúßó ÇáúÝóæóÇÍöÔó¡ æóÅöäú ßóÇäó íõÑóÇÏõ ÑóÏøõåõ ãöäú ÌöåóÉö ÚóÏóãö ÕóáóÇÍöíóÊöåö áöáúÍõÌøóÉö ÝóÅöäøó Ðóáößó ÙóÇåöÑñ¡ áöÃóäøó ÇáúÅöäúßóÇÑó æóÇáäøóåúíó ÙóÇåöÑñ ÇäúÊöÞóÇáõåõãóÇ Åöáóì ÂÈóÇÆöåöãú¡ ÅöÐú ãóÇ ÌóÇÒó Úóáóì ÇáúãöËúáö íóÌõæÒõ Úóáóì ÇáúãõãóÇËöáö¡ ÝóÕóÇÑó ÑóÏøõ åóÐöåö ÇáúãõÞóÏøöãóÉö ãöäú Ïóáöíáöåöãú ÈóÏöíåöíøðÇ æóßóÇäó Ãóåóãøó ãöäúåõ ÑóÏøõ ÇáúãõÞóÏøöãóÉö ÇáúßõÈúÑóì¡ æóåöíó ãóäóÇØõ ÇáöÇÓúÊöÏúáóÇáö¡ ÃóÚúäöí Þóæúáóåõãú: æóÇááøóåõ ÃóãóÑóäÇ ÈöåÇ.
ÝóÞóæúáõåõ: Þõáú Åöäøó Çááøóåó áóÇ íóÃúãõÑõ ÈöÇáúÝóÍúÔÇÁö äóÞúÖñ áöÏóÚúæóÇåõãú Ãóäøó Çááøóåó ÃóãóÑóåõãú ÈöåóÇ Ãóíú ÈöÊöáúßó ÇáúÝóæóÇÍöÔö¡ æóåõæó ÑóÏøñ Úóáóíúåöãú¡ æóÊóÚúáöíãñ áóåõãú¡ æóÅöÝóÇÞóÉñ áóåõãú ãöäú ÛõÑõæÑöåöãú¡ áöÃóäøó Çááøóåó ãõÊøóÕöÝñ ÈöÇáúßóãóÇáö
ÝóáóÇ íóÃúãõÑõ ÈöãóÇ åõæó äóÞúÕñ áóãú íóÑúÖóåõ ÇáúÚõÞóáóÇÁõ æóÃóäúßóÑõæåõ¡ Ýóßóæúäõ ÇáúÝöÚúáö ÝóÇÍöÔóÉð ßóÇÝò Ýöí ÇáÏøóáóÇáóÉö Úóáóì Ãóäøó Çááøóåó áóÇ íóÃúãõÑõ Èöåö áöÃóäøó Çááøóåó áóåõ ÇáúßóãóÇáõ ÇáúÃóÚúáóì¡ æóãóÇ ßóÇäó ÇÚúÊöÐóÇÑõåõãú ÈöÃóäøó Çááøóåó ÃóãóÑó ÈöÐóáößó ÅöáøóÇ Úóäú Ìóåúáò¡ æóáöÐóáößó æóÈøóÎóåõãõ Çááøóåõ ÈöÇáöÇÓúÊöÝúåóÇãö ÇáÊøóæúÈöíÎöíøö ÈöÞóæúáöåö: ÃóÊóÞõæáõæäó Úóáóì Çááøóåö ãóÇ áóÇ ÊóÚúáóãõæäó Ãóíú ãóÇ áóÇ ÊóÚúáóãõæäó Ãóäøó Çááøóåó ÃóãóÑó Èöåö¡ ÝóÍõÐöÝó ÇáúãóÝúÚõæáõ áöÏóáóÇáóÉö ãóÇ ÊóÞóÏøóãó Úóáóíúåö¡ áöÃóäøóåõãú áóãú íóÚúáóãõæÇ Ãóäøó Çááøóåó ÃóãóÑóåõãú ÈöÐóáößó ÅöÐú áóÇ ãõÓúÊóäóÏó áóåõãú Ýöíåö¡ æóÅöäøóãóÇ ÞóÇáõæåõ(8-È/84)
Úóäú ãõÌóÑøóÏö ÇáÊøóæóåøõãö¡ æóáöÃóäøóåõãú áóãú íóÚúáóãõæÇ Ãóäøó Çááøóåó áóÇ íóáöíÞõ ÈöÌóáóÇáöåö æóßóãóÇáöåö Ãóäú íóÃúãõÑó ÈöãöËúáö Êöáúßó ÇáÑøóÐóÇÆöáö.
æóÖõãøöäó: ÊóÞõæáõæäó ãÚäì ÊßÐíæä Ãóæú ãóÚúäóì ÊóÊóÞóæøóáõæäó¡ ÝóáöÐóáößó ÚõÏøöíó ÈöÚóáóì¡ æóßóÇäó ÍóÞøõåõ Ãóäú íõÚóÏøóì ÈöÚúäó áóæú ßóÇäó ÞóæúáðÇ ÕóÍöíÍó ÇáäøöÓúÈóÉö¡ æóÅöÐú ßóÇäó ÇáÊøóæúÈöíÎõ æóÇÑöÏðÇ Úóáóì Ãóäú íóÞõæáõæÇ Úóáóì Çááøóåö ãóÇ áóÇ íóÚúáóãõæäó ßóÇäó ÇáúÞóæúáõ Úóáóì Çááøóåö ÈöãóÇ íóÊóÍóÞøóÞõ ÚóÏóãõ æõÑõæÏöåö ãöäó Çááøóåö ÃóÍúÑóì.
æóÈöåóÐóÇ ÇáÑøóÏøö ÊóãóÍøóÖó Úóãóáõåõãú Êöáúßó ÇáúÝóæóÇÍöÔó áöáÖøóáóÇáö æóÇáúÛõÑõæÑö æóÇÊøöÈóÇÚö æóÍúíö ÇáÔøóíóÇØöíäö Åöáóì ÃóæúáöíóÇÆöåöãú ÃÆãøÉ ÇáúßõÝúÑö¡ æóÞóÇÏóÉö ÇáÔøöÑúßö: ãöËúáó ÚóãúÑöæ Èúäö áõÍóíøò¡ ÇáøóÐöí æóÖóÚó ÚöÈóÇÏóÉó ÇáúÃóÕúäóÇãö¡ æóãöËúáó ÃóÈöí ßóÈúÔóÉó¡ ÇáøóÐöí Óóäøó ÚöÈóÇÏóÉó ÇáÔøöÚúÑóì ãöäó ÇáúßóæóÇßöÈö¡ æóãöËúáó ÙóÇáöãö Èúäö ÃóÓúÚóÏó¡ ÇáøóÐöí æóÖóÚó ÚöÈóÇÏóÉó ÇáúÚõÒøóì¡ æóãöËúáó ÇáúÞóáóãøóÓö¡ ÇáøóÐöí Óóäøó ÇáäøóÓöíÁó Åöáóì ãóÇ ÇÊøóÕóáó ÈöÐóáößó ãöäú ãóæúÖõæÚóÇÊö ÓóÏóäóÉö ÇáúÃóÕúäóÇãö æóÈõíõæÊö ÇáÔøöÑúßö.
æóÇÚúáóãú Ãóäú áóíúÓó Ýöí ÇáúÂíóÉö ãõÓúÊóäóÏñ áöÅöÈúØóÇáö ÇáÊøóÞúáöíÏö Ýöí ÇáúÃõãõæÑö ÇáúÝóÑúÚöíøóÉö Ãóæö ÇáúÃõÕõæáö ÇáÏøöíäöíøóÉö áöÃóäøó ÇáÊøóÞúáöíÏó ÇáøóÐöí äóÚóÇåõ Çááøóåõ Úóáóì ÇáúãõÔúÑößöíäó åõæó ÊóÞúáöíÏõåõãú ãóäú áóíúÓõæÇ ÃóåúáðÇ áöÃóäú íõÞóáøóÏõæÇ¡ áöÃóäøóåõãú áóÇ íóÑúÊóÝöÚõæäó Úóäú ÑõÊúÈóÉö ãõÞóáøöÏöíåöãú¡ ÅöáøóÇ ÈöÃóäøóåõãú ÃóÞúÏóãõ ÌöíáðÇ¡ æóÃóäøóåõãú ÂÈóÇÄõåõãú¡ ÝóÅöäøó ÇáúãõÔúÑößöíäó áóãú íóÚúÊóÐöÑõæÇ ÈöÃóäøóåõãú æóÌóÏõæÇ Úóáóíúåö ÇáÕøóÇáöÍöíäó æóåõÏóÇÉó ÇáúÃõãøóÉö¡ æóáóÇ ÈöÃóäøóåõ ãöãøóÇ ßóÇäó Úóáóíúåö ÅöÈúÑóÇåöíãõ æóÃóÈúäóÇÄõåõ¡ æóáöÃóäøó ÇáÊøóÞúáöíÏó ÇáøóÐöí äóÚóÇåõ Çááøóåõ Úóáóíúåöãú ÊóÞúáöíÏ Ýöí ÃóÚúãóÇáò ÈóÏöíåöíøóÉö ÇáúÝóÓóÇÏö¡ æóÇáÊøóÞúáöíÏõ Ýöí ÇáúÝóÓóÇÏö íóÓúÊóæöí¡ åõæó æóÊóÓúäöíäõåõ¡ Ýöí ÇáÐøóãøö¡ Úóáóì Ãóäøó ÊóÓúäöíäó ÇáúÝóÓóÇÏö ÃóÔóÏøõ ãóÐóãøóÉð ãöäó ÇáÊøóÞúáöíÏö Ýöíåö ßóãóÇ ÃóäúÈóÃó Úóäúåõ
ÇáúÍóÏöíËõ ÇáÕøóÍöíÍõ: «ãóÇ ãöäú äóÝúÓò ÊõÞúÊóáõ ÙõáúãðÇ ÅöáøóÇ ßóÇäó Úóáóì ÇÈúäö ÂÏóãó ÇáúÃóæøóáö ßöÝúáñ ãöäú ÏóãöåóÇ Ðóáößó áöÃóäøóåõ Ãóæøóáõ ãóäú Óóäøó ÇáúÞóÊúáó»
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æóÍóÏöíËõ: «ãóäú Óóäøó ÓõäøóÉð ÓóíøöÆóÉð ÝóÚóáóíúåö æöÒúÑõåóÇ æóæöÒúÑõ ãóäú Úóãöáó ÈöåóÇ Åöáóì íóæúãö ÇáúÞöíóÇãóÉö» .
ÝóãóÇ ÝóÑóÖóåõ ÇáøóÐöíäó íóäúÒöÚõæäó Åöáóì Úöáúãö ÇáúßóáóÇãö ãöäó ÇáúãõÝóÓøöÑöíäó Ýöí åóÐöåö ÇáúÂíóÉö ãöäó ÇáúÞóæúáö Ýöí Ðóãøö ÇáÊøóÞúáöíÏö äóÇÙöÑñ Åöáóì ÇÚúÊöÈóÇÑö ÇáúÅöÔúÑóÇßö ÏóÇÎöáðÇ Ýöí ÝÚá ÇáúÝóæóÇÍöÔ.(8-È/85)
Þõáú ÃóãóÑó ÑóÈøöí ÈöÇáúÞöÓúØö æóÃóÞöíãõæÇ æõÌõæåóßõãú ÚöäúÏó ßõáøö ãóÓúÌöÏò æóÇÏúÚõæåõ ãõÎúáöÕöíäó áóåõ ÇáÏøöíäó ßóãóÇ ÈóÏóÃóßõãú ÊóÚõæÏõæäó (29) ÝóÑöíÞðÇ åóÏóì æóÝóÑöíÞðÇ ÍóÞøó Úóáóíúåöãõ ÇáÖøóáóÇáóÉõ Åöäøóåõãõ ÇÊøóÎóÐõæÇ ÇáÔøóíóÇØöíäó ÃóæúáöíóÇÁó ãöäú Ïõæäö Çááøóåö æóíóÍúÓóÈõæäó Ãóäøóåõãú ãõåúÊóÏõæäó (30)
[ÓõæÑóÉ ÇáúÃóÚúÑóÇÝ (7) : ÇáúÂíóÇÊ 29 Åöáóì 30]
Þõáú ÃóãóÑó ÑóÈøöí ÈöÇáúÞöÓúØö æóÃóÞöíãõæÇ æõÌõæåóßõãú ÚöäúÏó ßõáøö ãóÓúÌöÏò æóÇÏúÚõæåõ ãõÎúáöÕöíäó áóåõ ÇáÏøöíäó ßóãÇ ÈóÏóÃóßõãú ÊóÚõæÏõæäó (29) ÝóÑöíÞÇð åóÏì æóÝóÑöíÞÇð ÍóÞøó Úóáóíúåöãõ ÇáÖøóáÇáóÉõ Åöäøóåõãõ ÇÊøóÎóÐõæÇ ÇáÔøóíÇØöíäó ÃóæúáöíÇÁó ãöäú Ïõæäö Çááøóåö æóíóÍúÓóÈõæäó Ãóäøóåõãú ãõåúÊóÏõæäó (30)
ÈóÚúÏó Ãóäú ÃóÈúØóáó ÒóÚúãóåõãú Ãóäøó Çááøóåó ÃóãóÑóåõãú ÈöãóÇ íóÝúÚóáõæäóåõ ãöäó ÇáúÝóæóÇÍöÔö ÅöÈúØóÇáðÇ ÚóÇãøðÇ ÈöÞóæúáöåö: Þõáú Åöäøó Çááøóåó áóÇ íóÃúãõÑõ ÈöÇáúÝóÍúÔÇÁö [ÇáúÃóÚúÑóÇÝ: 28] ÇÓúÊóÃúäóÝó ÇÓúÊöÆúäóÇÝðÇ ÇÓúÊöØúÑóÇÏöíøðÇ ÈöãóÇ Ýöíåö ÌõãøóÇÚõ ãõÞóæøöãóÇÊö ÇáÏøöíäö ÇáúÍóÞøö ÇáøóÐöí íóÌúãóÚõåõ ãóÚúäóì ÇáúÞöÓúØö Ãóíö ÇáúÚóÏúáö ÊóÚúáöíãðÇ áóåõãú ÈöäóÞöíÖö Ìóåúáöåöãú¡ æóÊóäúæöíåðÇ ÈöÌóáóÇáö Çááøóåö ÊóÚóÇáóì¡ ÈöÃóäú íóÚúáóãõæÇ ãóÇ ÔóÃúäõåõ Ãóäú íóÃúãõÑó Çááøóåõ Èöåö. æóáöÃóåóãøöíøóÉö åóÐóÇ ÇáúÛóÑóÖö¡ æóáöãõÖóÇÏøóÊöåö áöãõÏøóÚóÇåõãõ ÇáúãóäúÝöíøö Ýöí ÌõãúáóÉö: Þõáú Åöäøó Çááøóåó áóÇ íóÃúãõÑõ ÈöÇáúÝóÍúÔÇÁö [ÇáúÃóÚúÑóÇÝ: 28] ÝõÕöáóÊú åóÐöåö ÇáúÌõãúáóÉõ Úóäö ÇáøóÊöí ÞóÈúáóåóÇ¡ æóáóãú íõÚúØóÝö ÇáúÞóæúáõ Úóáóì ÇáúÞóæúáö æóáóÇ ÇáúãóÞõæáõ Úóáóì ÇáúãóÞõæáö: áöÃóäøó Ýöí ÅöÚóÇÏóÉö ÝöÚúáö ÇáúÞóæúáö æóÝöí ÊóÑúßö ÚóØúÝöåö Úóáóì äóÙöíÑöåö áóÝúÊðÇ áöáúÃóÐúåóÇäö Åöáóíúåö.
æóÇáúÞöÓúØõ: ÇáúÚóÏúáõ æóåõæó åõäóÇ ÇáúÚóÏúáõ ÈöãóÚúäóÇåõ ÇáúÃóÚóãøö¡ Ãóíö ÇáúÝöÚúáõ ÇáøóÐöí åõæó æóÓóØñ Èóíúäö ÇáúÅöÝúÑóÇØö æóÇáÊøóÝúÑöíØö Ýöí ÇáúÃóÔúíóÇÁö¡ æóåõæó ÇáúÝóÖöíáóÉõ ãöäú ßõáøö ÝöÚúáò¡ ÝóÇááøóåõ ÃóãóÑó ÈöÇáúÝóÖóÇÆöáö æóÈöãóÇ ÊóÔúåóÏõ ÇáúÚõÞõæáõ ÇáÓøóáöíãóÉõ Ãóäøóåõ ÕóáóÇÍñ ãóÍúÖñ æóÃóäøóåõ ÍóÓóäñ ãõÓúÊóÞöíãñ¡ äóÙöíÑõ Þóæúáöåö: æóßÇäó Èóíúäó Ðáößó ÞóæÇãÇð [ÇáúÝÑúÞóÇä:
67] ÝóÇáÊøóæúÍöíÏõ ÚóÏúáñ Èóíúäó ÇáúÅöÔúÑóÇßö æóÇáÊøóÚúØöíáö¡ æóÇáúÞöÕóÇÕõ ãöäó ÇáúÞóÇÊöáö ÚóÏúáñ Èóíúäó ÅöØúáóÇáö ÇáÏøöãóÇÁö æóÈóíúäó ÞóÊúáö ÇáúÌóãóÇÚóÉö ãöäú ÞóÈöíáóÉö ÇáúÞóÇÊöáö áöÃóÌúáö ÌöäóÇíóÉö æóÇÍöÏò ãöäó ÇáúÞóÈöíáóÉö áóãú íõÞúÏóÑú Úóáóíúåö. æóÃóãóÑó Çááøóåõ ÈöÇáúÅöÍúÓóÇäö¡ æóåõæó ÚóÏúáñ Èóíúäó ÇáÔøõÍøö æóÇáúÅöÓúÑóÇÝö¡ ÝóÇáúÞöÓúØõ ÕöÝóÉñ áöáúÝöÚúáö Ýöí ÐóÇÊöåö ÈöÃóäú íóßõæäó ãõáóÇÆöãðÇ áöáÕøóáóÇÍö ÚóÇÌöáðÇ æóÂÌöáðÇ¡ Ãóíú ÓóÇáöãðÇ ãöäú ÚóæóÇÞöÈö ÇáúÝóÓóÇÏö¡ æóÞóÏú äõÞöáó Úóäö ÇÈúäö ÚóÈøóÇÓò Ãóäøó ÇáúÞöÓúØó Þóæúáõ áóÇ Åöáóåó ÅöáøóÇ åõæó¡ æóÅöäøóãóÇ íóÚúäöí ÈöÐóáößó Ãóäøó ÇáÊøóæúÍöíÏó ãöäú ÃóÚúÙóãö ÇáúÞöÓúØö¡ æóåóÐóÇ ÅöÈúØóÇáñ áöáúÝóæóÇÍöÔö ÇáøóÊöí ÒóÚóãõæÇ Ãóäøó Çááøóåó ÃóãóÑóåõãú ÈöåóÇ áöÃóäøó ÔóíúÆðÇ ãöäú Êöáúßó ÇáúÝóæóÇÍöÔö áóíúÓó(8-È/86)
ÈöÞöÓúØò¡ æóßóÐóáößó ÇááøöÈóÇÓõ ÝóÅöäøó ÇáÊøóÚóÑøöíó ÊóÝúÑöíØñ¡ æóÇáúãõÈóÇáóÛóÉó Ýöí æóÖúÚö ÇááøöÈóÇÓö ÅöÝúÑóÇØñ¡ æóÇáúÚóÏúáõ åõæó ÇááøöÈóÇÓõ ÇáøóÐöí íóÓúÊõÑõ ÇáúÚóæúÑóÉó æóíóÏúÝóÚõ ÃóÐóì ÇáúÞóÑøö Ãóæö ÇáúÍóÑøö¡ æóßóÐóáößó ÇáØøóÚóÇãõ ÝóÊóÍúÑöíãõ ÈóÚúÖöåö Ûõáõæøñ¡ æóÇáöÇÓúÊöÑúÓóÇáõ Ýöíåö äóåóÇãóÉñ¡ æóÇáúæóÓóØõ åõæó ÇáöÇÚúÊöÏóÇáõ¡ ÝóÞóæúáõåõ: ÃóãóÑó ÑóÈøöí ÈöÇáúÞöÓúØö ßóáóÇãñ ÌóÇãöÚñ áöÅöÈúØóÇáö ßõáøö ãóÇ íóÒúÚõãõæäó Ãóäøó Çááøóåó ÃóãóÑóåõãú Èöåö ãöãøóÇ áóíúÓó ãöäú ÞóÈöíáö ÇáúÞöÓúØö.
Ëõãøó ÃóÚúÞóÈóåõ ÈöÃóãúÑ ÇáäÈíÁ Õóáøóì Çááåõ Úóáóíúåö æóÓóáøóãó ÈöÃóäú íóÞõæáó áóåõãú Úóäö Çááøóåö: ÃóÞöíãõæÇ æõÌõæåóßõãú ÚöäúÏó ßõáøö ãóÓúÌöÏò ÝóÌõãúáóÉõ: æóÃóÞöíãõæÇ ÚóØúÝñ Úóáóì ÌõãúáóÉö: ÃóãóÑó ÑóÈøöí ÈöÇáúÞöÓúØö Ãóíú Þõáú áöÃõæáóÆößó ÇáúãõÎóÇØóÈöíäó ÃóÞöíãõæÇ æõÌõæåóßõãú. æóÇáúÞóÕúÏõ ÇáúÃóæøóáõ ãöäúåõ ÅöÈúØóÇáõ ÈóÚúÖò ãöãøóÇ ÒóÚóãõæÇ Ãóäøó Çááøóåó ÃóãóÑóåõãú Èöåö ÈöØóÑöíÞö ÃóãúÑöåöãú ÈöÖöÏøö ãóÇ ÒóÚóãõæåõ áöíóÍúÕõáó ÃóãúÑõåõãú ÈöãóÇ íõÑúÖöí Çááøóåó ÈöÇáÊøóÕúÑöíÍö. æóÅöÈúØóÇáõ ÔóíúÁò ÒóÚóãõæÇ Ãóäøó Çááøóåó ÃóãóÑóåõãú Èöåö ÈöÇáöÇáúÊöÒóÇãö¡ áöÃóäøó ÇáúÃóãúÑó ÈöÇáÔøóíúÁö äóåúíñ Úóäú ÖöÏøöåö¡ æóÅöäú ÔöÆúÊó ÞõáúÊó áöÃóäøó ãóäú íõÑöíÏõ Çáäøóåúíó Úóäú
ÔóíúÁò æóÝóÚóáó ÖöÏøóåõ íóÃúãõÑõ ÈöÖöÏøöåö ÝóíóÍúÕõáõ ÇáúÛóÑóÖóÇäö ãöäú ÃóãúÑöåö.
æóÅöÞóÇãóÉõ ÇáúæõÌõæåö ÊóãúËöíáñ áößóãóÇáö ÇáúÅöÞúÈóÇáö Úóáóì ÚöÈóÇÏóÉö Çááøóåö ÊóÚóÇáóì¡ Ýöí ãóæóÇÖöÚö ÚöÈóÇÏóÊöåö¡ ÈöÍóÇáö ÇáúãõÊóåóíøöÆö áöãõÔóÇåóÏóÉö ÃóãúÑò ãõåöãøò Íöíäó íõæóÌøöåõ æóÌúåóåõ Åöáóì ÕóæúÈöåö¡ áóÇ íóáúÊóÝöÊõ íóãúäóÉð æóáóÇ íóÓúÑóÉó¡ ÝóÐóáößó ÇáÊøóæóÌøõåõ ÇáúãóÍúÖõ íõØúáóÞõ Úóáóíúåö ÅöÞóÇãóÉñ áöÃóäøóåõ ÌóÚóáó ÇáúæóÌúåó ÞóÇÆöãðÇ¡ Ãóíú ÛóíúÑó ãõÊóÛóÇÖò æóáóÇ ãõÊóæóÇäò Ýöí ÇáÊøóæóÌøõåö¡ æóåõæó Ýöí ÅöØúáóÇÞö ÇáúÞöíóÇãö Úóáóì ÇáúÞõæøóÉö Ýöí ÇáúÝöÚúáö ßóãóÇ íõÞóÇáõ: ÞóÇãóÊö ÇáÓøõæÞõ¡ æóÞóÇãóÊö ÇáÕøóáóÇÉõ¡ æóÞóÏú ÊóÞóÏøóãó Ýöí Ãóæøóáö ÓõæÑóÉö ÇáúÈóÞóÑóÉö [3] ÚöäúÏó Þóæúáöåö: æóíõÞöíãõæäó ÇáÕøóáÇÉó æóãöäúåõ Þóæúáõåõ ÊóÚóÇáóì: ÝóÃóÞöãú æóÌúåóßó áöáÏøöíäö ÍóäöíÝÇð [ÇáÑøæã: 30] ÝóÇáúãóÚúäóì Ãóäøó Çááøóåó ÃóãóÑó ÈöÅöÞóÇãóÉö ÇáúæõÌõæåö ÚöäúÏó ÇáúãóÓóÇÌöÏö¡ áöÃóäøó Ðóáößó åõæó ÊóÚúÙöíãõ ÇáúãóÚúÈõæÏö æóãóßóÇäõ ÇáúÚöÈóÇÏóÉö¡ æóáóãú íóÃúãõÑú ÈöÊóÚúÙöíãöåö æóáóÇ ÊóÚúÙöíãö ãóÓóÇÌöÏöåö ÈöãóÇ Óöæóì Ðóáößó ãöËúáó ÇáÊøóÚóÑøöí¡ æóÅöÔúÑóÇßõ Çááøóåö ÈöÛóíúÑöåö Ýöí ÇáúÚöÈóÇÏóÉö ãõäóÇÝò áóåóÇ ÃóíúÖðÇ¡ æóåóÐóÇ ßóãóÇ
æóÑóÏó Ýöí ÇáúÍóÏöíËö: «ÇáúãõÕóáøöí íõäóÇÌöí ÑóÈøóåõ ÝóáóÇ íóÈúÕõÞóäøó ÞöÈóáó æóÌúåöåö»
ÝóÇáäøóåúíõ Úóäö ÇáÊøóÚóÑøöí(8-È/87)
ãóÞúÕõæÏñ åõäóÇ áöÔõãõæáö ÇááøóÝúÙö ÅöíøóÇåõ¡ æóáöÏóáóÇáóÉö ÇáÓøöíóÇÞö Úóáóíúåö ÈöÊóßúÑöíÑö ÇáöÇãúÊöäóÇäö æóÇáúÃóãúÑö ÈöÇááøöÈóÇÓö: ÇÈúÊöÏóÇÁð ãöäú Þóæúáöåö: áöíõÈúÏöíó áóåõãÇ ãóÇ æõæÑöíó ÚóäúåõãÇ ãöäú ÓóæúÂÊöåöãÇ [ÇáúÃóÚúÑóÇÝ: 20] Åöáóì åõäóÇ.
æóãóÚúäóì: ÚöäúÏó ßõáøö ãóÓúÌöÏò ÚöäúÏó ßõáøö ãóßóÇäò ãõÊøóÎóÐò áöÚöÈóÇÏóÉö Çááøóåö ÊóÚóÇáóì¡ æóÇÓúãõ ÇáúãóÓúÌöÏö ãóäúÞõæáñ Ýöí ÇáúÅöÓúáóÇãö áöáúãóßóÇäö ÇáúãõÚóíøóäö ÇáúãóÍúÏõæÏö ÇáúãõÊøóÎóÐö áöáÕøóáóÇÉö æóÊóÞóÏøóãó ÚöäúÏó Þóæúáöåö ÊóÚóÇáóì: æóáÇ íóÌúÑöãóäøóßõãú ÔóäóÂäõ Þóæúãò Ãóäú ÕóÏøõæßõãú Úóäö ÇáúãóÓúÌöÏö ÇáúÍóÑÇãö Ýöí ÓõæÑóÉö ÇáúÚõÞõæÏö [2] ¡ ÝóÇáÔøóÚóÇÆöÑõ ÇáøóÊöí íõæÞöÚõæäó ÝöíåóÇ ÃóÚúãóÇáðÇ ãöäó ÇáúÍóÌøö ßõáøõåóÇ ãóÓóÇÌöÏõ¡ æóáóãú íóßõäú áóåõãú ãóÓóÇÌöÏõ ÛóíúÑó ÔóÚóÇÆöÑö ÇáúÍóÌøö¡ ÝóÐößúÑõ ÇáúãóÓóÇÌöÏö Ýöí ÇáúÂíóÉö íõÚóíøöäõ Ãóäøó ÇáúãõÑóÇÏó ÅöÞóÇãóÉõ ÇáúæõÌõæåö ÚöäúÏó ÇáÊøóæóÌøõåö Åöáóì Çááøóåö Ýöí ÇáúÍóÌøö ÈöÃóäú áóÇ íõÔúÑößõæÇ ãóÚó Çááøóåö Ýöí Ðóáößó ÛóíúÑóåõ ãöäú ÃóÕúäóÇãöåöãú ÈöÇáäøöíøóÉö¡ ßóãóÇ ßóÇäõæÇ æóÖóÚõæÇ (åõÈóáó) Úóáóì ÓóØúÍö ÇáúßóÚúÈóÉö áöíóßõæäó ÇáØøóæóÇÝõ ÈöÇáúßóÚúÈóÉö áöáøóåö æóáöåõÈóáó¡ æóæóÖóÚõæÇ (ÅöÓóÇÝðÇ æóäóÇÆöáóÉó) Úóáóì ÇáÕøóÝóÇ æóÇáúãóÑúæóÉö áöíóßõæäó ÇáÓøóÚúíõ áöáøóåö æóáóåõãóÇ. æóßóÇäó ÝóÑöíÞñ ãöäúåõãú íõåöáøõæäó Åöáóì (ãóäóÇÉó) ÚöäúÏó (ÇáúãõÔóáøóáö) ¡ ÝóÇáúÃóãúÑõ ÈöÅöÞóÇãóÉö ÇáúæõÌõæåö ÚöäúÏó ÇáúãóÓóÇÌöÏö ßõáøöåóÇ ÃóãúÑñ ÈöÇáúÊöÒóÇãö ÇáÊøóæúÍöíÏö æóßóãóÇáö ÇáúÍóÇáö Ýöí ÔóÚóÇÆöÑö ÇáúÍóÌøö ßõáøöåóÇ¡ ÝóåóÐöåö ãõäóÇÓóÈóÉõ ÚóØúÝö Þóæúáöåö: æóÃóÞöíãõæÇ æõÌõæåóßõãú ÚöäúÏó ßõáøö ãóÓúÌöÏò ÚóÞöÈó ÅöäúßóÇÑö Ãóäú íóÃúãõÑó Çááøóåõ ÈöÇáúÝóÍúÔóÇÁö ãöäú ÃóÍúæóÇáöåöãú¡ æóÅöËúÈóÇÊö Ãóäøóåõ ÃóãóÑó ÈöÇáúÞöÓúØö ãöãøóÇ íõÖóÇÏøõåóÇ. æóåóÐóÇ ÇáúÃóãúÑõ æóÅöäú ßóÇäó ÇáúãóÞúÕõæÏõ Èöåö ÇáúãõÔúÑößöíäó áöÃóäøóåõãõ ÇáúãõÊøóÕöÝõæäó ÈöÖöÏøöåö¡ ÝóáöáúãõÄúãöäöíäó ãöäúåõ ÍóÙøõ ÇáÏøóæóÇãö Úóáóíúåö¡ ßóãóÇ ßóÇäó áöáúãõÔúÑößöíäó ÍóÙøõ ÇáúÅöÚúÑóÇÖö Úóäúåõ æóÇáÊøóÝúÑöíØö Ýöíåö.
æóÇáÏøõÚóÇÁõ Ýöí Þóæúáöåö: æóÇÏúÚõæåõ ãõÎúáöÕöíäó áóåõ ÇáÏøöíäó ÈöãóÚúäóì ÇáúÚöÈóÇÏóÉö Ãóíö ÇÚúÈõÏõæåõ ßóÞóæúáöåö:
Åöäøó ÇáøóÐöíäó ÊóÏúÚõæäó ãöäú Ïõæäö Çááøóåö [ÇáúÃóÚúÑóÇÝ: 194] . æóÇáúÅöÎúáóÇÕõ ÊóãúÍöíÖõ ÇáÔøóíúÁö ãöäú ãõÎóÇáóØóÉö
ÛóíúÑöåö. æóÇáÏøöíäõ ÈöãóÚúäóì ÇáØøóÇÚóÉö ãöäú Þóæúáöåöãú ÏöäúÊõ áöÝõáóÇäò Ãóíú ÃóØóÚúÊõåõ.(8-È/88)
æóãöäúåõ Óõãøöíó Çááøóåõ ÊóÚóÇáóì: ÇáÏøóíøóÇäõ¡ Ãóíö ÇáúÞóåøóÇÑõ ÇáúãõÐóáøöáõ ÇáúãõØóæøöÚõ áöÓóÇÆöÑö ÇáúãóæúÌõæÏóÇÊö æóäóÙöíÑõ åóÐöåö ÇáúÂíóÉö Þóæúáõåõ ÊóÚóÇáóì: æóãÇ ÃõãöÑõæÇ ÅöáøóÇ áöíóÚúÈõÏõæÇ Çááøóåó ãõÎúáöÕöíäó áóåõ ÇáÏøöíäó [ÇáúÈóíøöäóÉ: 5] ¡ æóÇáúãóÞúÕöÏõ ãöäúåóÇ ÅöÈúØóÇáõ ÇáÔøöÑúßö Ýöí ÚöÈóÇÏóÉö Çááøóåö ÊóÚóÇáóì¡ æóÝöí ÅöÈúØóÇáöåö ÊóÍúÞöíÞñ áöãóÚúäóì ÇáúÞöÓúØö ÇáøóÐöí Ýöí Þóæúáöåö:
Þõáú ÃóãóÑó ÑóÈøöí ÈöÇáúÞöÓúØö ßóãóÇ ÞóÏøóãúäóÇåõ åõäóÇáößó¡ æãõÎúáöÕöíäó ÍóÇáñ ãöäó ÇáÖøóãöíÑö Ýöí ÇÏúÚõæåõ.
æóÌõãúáóÉõ: ßóãÇ ÈóÏóÃóßõãú ÊóÚõæÏõæäó Ýöí ãóæúÖöÚö ÇáúÍóÇáö ãöäó ÇáÖøóãöíÑö ÇáúãõÓúÊóÊöÑö Ýöí Þóæúáöåö:
ãõÎúáöÕöíäó æóåöíó ÍóÇáñ ãõÞóÏøóÑóÉñ Ãóíú: ãõÞóÏøöÑöíäó ÚóæúÏóßõãú Åöáóíúåö æóÃóäøó ÚóæúÏóßõãú ßóÈóÏúÆößõãú¡ æóåóÐóÇ ÅäÐÇÑ ÈÃäøåã ãÄÇÎÏæä Úóáóì ÚóÏóãö ÇáúÅöÎúáóÇÕö Ýöí ÇáúÚöÈóÇÏóÉö¡ ÝóÇáúãóÞúÕõæÏõ ãöäúåõ åõæó Þóæúáõåõ: ÊóÚõæÏõæäó Ãóíú Åöáóíúåö¡ æóÃõÏúãöÌó Ýöíåö Þóæúáõåõ: ßóãÇ ÈóÏóÃóßõãú ÊóÐúßöíÑðÇ ÈöÅöãúßóÇäö ÇáúÈóÚúËö ÇáøóÐöí ÃóÍóÇáõæåõ ÝóßóÇäó åóÐóÇ ÅäÐÇÑÇ áóåõãú ÈöÃóäøóåõãú ÚóÇÆöÏõæäó Åöáóíúåö ÝóãõÌóÇÒõæäó Úóäú ÅöÔúÑóÇßöåöãú Ýöí ÚöÈóÇÏóÊöåö¡ æóåõæó ÃóíúÖðÇ ÇÍúÊöÌóÇÌñ Úóáóíúåöãú Úóáóì ÚóÏóãö ÌóÏúæóì ÚöÈóÇÏóÊöåöãú ÛóíúÑó Çááøóåö¡ æóÅöËúÈóÇÊñ áöáúÈóÚúËö ÇáøóÐöí ÃóäúßóÑõæåõ ÈöÏóÝúÚö ãõæÌöÈö ÇÓúÊöÈúÚóÇÏöåöãú ÅöíøóÇåõ¡ Íöíä íóÞõæáõæäó: ÃóÅöÐÇ ãöÊúäÇ æóßõäøóÇ ÊõÑÇÈÇð æóÚöÙÇãÇð ÃóÅöäøóÇ áóãóÈúÚõæËõæäó [ÇáúæóÇÞöÚóÉ: 47]- æóíóÞõæáõæäó- ÃóÅöäøóÇ áóãóÑúÏõæÏõæäó Ýöí ÇáúÍÇÝöÑóÉö ÃóÅöÐÇ ßõäøóÇ ÚöÙÇãÇð äóÎöÑóÉð [ÇáäÇÒÚÇÊ: 10¡ 11] æóäóÍúæó Ðóáößó¡ ÈöÃóäøó Ðóáößó ÇáúÎóáúÞó áóíúÓó ÈöÃóÚúÌóÈö ãöäú ÎóáúÞöåöãõ ÇáúÃóæøóáö ßóãóÇ ÞóÇáó ÊóÚóÇáóì: ÃóÝóÚóíöíäÇ ÈöÇáúÎóáúÞö ÇáúÃóæøóáö Èóáú åõãú Ýöí áóÈúÓò ãöäú ÎóáúÞò ÌóÏöíÏò [Þ: 15] æóßóãóÇ ÞóÇáó: æóåõæó ÇáøóÐöí íóÈúÏóÄõÇ ÇáúÎóáúÞó Ëõãøó íõÚöíÏõåõ æóåõæó Ãóåúæóäõ Úóáóíúåö [ÇáÑøæã:
27] Ãóíú ÈöäóÞöíÖö ÊóÞúÏöíÑö ÇÓúÊöÈúÚóÇÏöåöãõ ÇáúÎóáúÞó ÇáËøóÇäöíó¡ æóÊóÐúßöíÑñ áóåõãú ÈöÃóäøó Çááøóåó ãõäúÝóÑöÏñ ÈöÎóáúÞöåöãõ ÇáËøóÇäöí¡ ßóãóÇ ÇäúÝóÑóÏó ÈöÎóáúÞöåöãõ ÇáúÃóæøóáö¡ Ýóåõæó ãõäúÝóÑöÏñ ÈöÇáúÌóÒóÇÁö ÝóáóÇ íõÛúäöí Úóäúåõãú ÂáöåóÊõåõãú ÔóíúÆðÇ.
ÝóÇáúßóÇÝõ Ýöí Þóæúáöåö: ßóãÇ ÈóÏóÃóßõãú ÊóÚõæÏõæäó áöÊóÔúÈöíåö ÚóæúÏö ÎóáúÞöåöãú ÈöÈóÏúÆöåö æó (ãóÇ) ãóÕúÏóÑöíøóÉñ æóÇáÊøóÞúÏöíÑõ: ÊóÚõæÏõæäó ÚóæúÏðÇ ÌóÏöíÏðÇ ßóÈóÏúÆöåö ÅöíøóÇßõãú¡ ÝóÞõÏøöãó ÇáúãõÊóÚóáøöÞõ¡ ÇáÏøóÇáøõ Úóáóì ÇáÊøóÔúÈöíåö¡ Úóáóì ÝöÚúáöåö¡ æóåõæó ÊóÚõæÏõæäó¡ áöáöÇåúÊöãóÇãö Èöåö¡ æóÞóÏú ÝõÓøöÑóÊö ÇáúÂíóÉõ Ýöí ÈóÚúÖö ÇáúÃóÞúæóÇáö ÈöãóÚóÇäò åöíó ÈóÚöíÏóÉñ Úóäú ÓöíóÇÞöåóÇ æóäóÙúãöåóÇ.(8-È/89)
æó (ÝóÑöíÞÇð) ÇáúÃóæøóáõ æóÇáËøóÇäöí ãóäúÕõæÈóÇäö Úóáóì ÇáúÍóÇáö: ÅöãøóÇ ãöäó ÇáÖøóãöíÑö ÇáúãóÑúÝõæÚö Ýöí ÊóÚõæÏõæäó¡ Ãóíú ÊóÑúÌöÚõæäó Åöáóì Çááøóåö ÝóÑöíÞóíúäö¡ ÝóÇßúÊõÝöíó Úóäú ÅöÌúãóÇáö ÇáúÝóÑöíÞóíúäö Ëõãøó ÊóÝúÕöíáöåöãóÇ ÈöÇáÊøóÝúÕöíáö ÇáÏøóÇáøö Úóáóì ÇáúÅöÌúãóÇáö ÊóÚúÌöíáðÇ ÈöÐößúÑö ÇáÊøóÝúÕöíáö áöÃóäøó ÇáúãóÞóÇãó ãóÞóÇãõ ÊóÑúÛöíÈò æóÊóÑúåöíÈò¡ æóãóÚúäóì ÝóÑöíÞÇð åóÏì: Ãóäøó ÝóÑöíÞðÇ åóÏóÇåõãõ Çááøóåõ Ýöí ÇáÏøõäúíóÇ æóÝóÑöíÞðÇ ÍóÞøó Úóáóíúåöãõ ÇáÖøóáóÇáóÉõ¡ Ãóíú Ýöí ÇáÏøõäúíóÇ¡ ßóãóÇ Ïóáøó Úóáóíúåö ÇáÊøóÚúáöíáõ ÈöÞóæúáöåö: Åöäøóåõãõ ÇÊøóÎóÐõæÇ ÇáÔøóíÇØöíäó ÃóæúáöíÇÁó ãöäú Ïõæäö Çááøóåö¡ æóÅöãøóÇ ãöäó ÇáÖøóãöíÑö ÇáúãõÓúÊóÊöÑö Ýöí Þóæúáöåö: ãõÎúáöÕöíäó Ãóíö ÇÏúÚõæåõ ãõÎúáöÕöíäó ÍóÇáó ßóæúäößõãú ÝóÑöíÞóíúäö: ÝóÑöíÞðÇ åóÏóÇåõ
Çááøóåõ áöáúÅöÎúáóÇÕö æóäóÈúÐö ÇáÔøöÑúßö¡ æóÝóÑöíÞðÇ ÏóÇãó Úóáóì ÇáÖøóáóÇáö æóáóÇÒóãó ÇáÔøöÑúßó.
æóÌõãúáóÉõ: åóÏì Ýöí ãóæÖöÚ ÇáÕøÝÉ áÝÑíÞÇ ÇáúÃóæøóáö¡ æóÞóÏú ÍõÐöÝó ÇáÑøóÇÈöØõ ÇáúãóäúÕõæÈ: Ãóí åÏóÇßõãú Çááøóåõ¡ æóÌõãúáóÉõ: ÍóÞøó Úóáóíúåöãõ ÇáÖøóáÇáóÉõ ÕöÝóÉõ ÝóÑöíÞÇð ÇáËøóÇäöí.
æóåóÐóÇ ßõáøõåõ ÅöäúÐóÇÑñ ãöäó ÇáúæõÞõæÚ Ýöí ÇáÖøáÇáÉ¡ æóÊóÍúÐöíÑñ ãöäó ÇÊøöÈóÇÚö ÇáÔøóíúØóÇäö¡ æóÊóÍúÑöíÖñ Úóáóì ÊóæóÎøöí ÇáöÇåúÊöÏóÇÁö ÇáøóÐöí åõæó ãöäó Çááøóåö ÊóÚóÇáóì¡ ßóãóÇ Ïóáøó Úóáóíúåö ÅöÓúäóÇÏõåõ Åöáóì ÖóãöíÑö ÇáúÌóáóÇáóÉö Ýöí Þóæúáöåö:
åóÏì ÝóíóÚúáóãõ ÇáÓøóÇãöÚõæäó Ãóäøóåõãú ÅöÐóÇ ÑóÌóÚõæÇ Åöáóíúåö ÝóÑöíÞóíúäö ßóÇäó ÇáúÝóÑöíÞõ ÇáúãõÝúáöÍõ åõæó ÇáúÝóÑöíÞõ ÇáøóÐöíäó åóÏóÇåõãõ Çááøóåõ ÊóÚóÇáóì ßóãóÇ ÞóÇáó: ÃõæáÆößó ÍöÒúÈõ Çááøóåö ÃóáÇ Åöäøó ÍöÒúÈó Çááøóåö åõãõ ÇáúãõÝúáöÍõæäó [ÇáãÌÇÏáÉ:
22] æóÃóäøó ÇáúÝóÑöíÞó ÇáúÎóÇÓöÑó åõãõ ÇáøóÐíä ÍÞøÊ Úóáóíúåö ÇáÖøóáóÇáóÉõ æóÇÊøóÎóÐõæÇ ÇáÔøóíóÇØöíäó ÃóæúáöíóÇÁó ãöäú Ïõæäö Çááøóåö ßóãóÇ ÞóÇáó: ÃõæáÆößó ÍöÒúÈõ ÇáÔøóíúØÇäö ÃóáÇ Åöäøó ÍöÒúÈó ÇáÔøóíúØÇäö åõãõ ÇáúÎÇÓöÑõæäó [ÇáãÌÇÏáÉ: 19] .
æóÊóÞúÏöíãõ ÝóÑöíÞÇð ÇáúÃóæøóáö æÇáËøÇäí Úáì ÚÇãáíåÇ áöáöÇåúÊöãóÇãö ÈöÇáÊøóÝúÕöíáö.
æóãóÚúäóì: ÍóÞøó Úóáóíúåöãõ ÇáÖøóáÇáóÉõ ËóÈóÊóÊú áóåõãõ ÇáÖøóáóÇáóÉõ æóáóÒöãõæåóÇ. æóáóãú íõÞúáöÚõæÇ ÚóäúåóÇ¡ æóÐóáößó Ãóäøó ÇáúãõÎóÇØóÈöíäó ßóÇäõæÇ ãõÔúÑößöíäó ßõáøóåõãú¡ ÝóáóãøóÇ ÃõãöÑõæÇ ÈöÃóäú íóÚúÈõÏõæÇ Çááøóåó ãõÎúáöÕöíäó ÇÝúÊóÑóÞõæÇ ÝóÑöíÞóíúäö:
ÝóÑöíÞðÇ åóÏóÇåõ Çááøóåõ Åöáóì ÇáÊøóæúÍöíÏö¡ æóÝóÑöíÞðÇ áóÇÒóãó ÇáÔøöÑúßó æóÇáÖøóáóÇáóÉó¡ Ýóáóãú íóØúÑóÃú Úóáóíúåöãú ÍóÇáñ ÌóÏöíÏñ.
æóÈöÐóáößó íóÙúåóÑõ ÍõÓúäõ ãóæúÞöÚö áóÝúÙö: ÍóÞøó åõäóÇ Ïõæäó Ãóäú íõÞóÇáó ÃóÖóáøóåõ Çááøóåõ¡ áöÃóäøó ÖóáóÇáóåõãú ÞóÏöíãñ ãõÓúÊóãöÑøñ ÇßúÊóÓóÈõæåõ áöÃóäúÝõÓöåöãú¡ ßóãóÇ ÞóÇáó ÊóÚóÇáóì Ýöí äóÙöíÑöåö: Ýóãöäúåõãú ãóäú åóÏóì Çááøóåõ æóãöäúåõãú ãóäú ÍóÞøóÊú Úóáóíúåö ÇáÖøóáÇáóÉõ [ÇáäøóÍúá: 36]- Ëõãøó ÞóÇáó- Åöäú ÊóÍúÑöÕú Úóáì åõÏÇåõãú ÝóÅöäøó Çááøóåó áóÇ íóåúÏöí ãóäú íõÖöáøõ [ÇáäøóÍúá: 37] ¡(8-È/90)
ÝóáóíúÓó ÊóÛúíöíÑõ ÇáúÃõÓúáõæÈö Èóíúäó: ÝóÑöíÞÇð åóÏì æóÈóíúäó æóÝóÑöíÞÇð ÍóÞøó Úóáóíúåöãõ ÇáÖøóáÇáóÉõ ÊóÍóÇÔöíðÇ Úóäú ÅöÓúäóÇÏö ÇáúÅöÖúáóÇáö Åöáóì Çááøóåö¡ ßóãóÇ Êóæóåøóãóåõ ÕóÇÍöÈõ «ÇáúßóÔøóÇÝö» ¡ áöÃóäøóåõ ÞóÏú ÃóÓúäóÏó ÇáúÅöÖúáóÇáó Åöáóì Çááøóåö Ýöí äóÙöíÑö åóÐöåö ÇáúÂíóÉö ßóãóÇ ÚõáöãóÊú æóÝöí ÂíóÇÊò ßóËöíÑóÉò¡ æóáóßöäøó ÇÎúÊöáóÇÝó ÇáúÃõÓúáõæÈö áöÇÎúÊöáóÇÝö ÇáúÃóÍúæóÇáö.
æóÌõÑøöÏó ÝöÚúáõ ÍóÞøó Úóäú ÚóáóÇãóÉö ÇáÊøóÃúäöíËö áöÃóäøó ÝóÇÚöáóåõ ÛóíúÑõ ÍóÞöíÞöíøö ÇáÊøóÃúäöíËö¡ æóÞóÏú ÃõÙúåöÑóÊú ÚóáóÇãóÉõ ÇáÊøóÃúäöíËö Ýöí äóÙöíÑöåö Ýöí Þóæúáöåö ÊóÚóÇáóì: æóãöäúåõãú ãóäú ÍóÞøóÊú Úóáóíúåö ÇáÖøóáÇáóÉõ [ÇáäøóÍúá: 36] .
æóÞóæúáõåõ: Åöäøóåõãõ ÇÊøóÎóÐõæÇ ÇáÔøóíÇØöíäó ÃóæúáöíÇÁó ãöäú Ïõæäö Çááøóåö ÇÓúÊöÆúäóÇÝñ ãõÑóÇÏñ Èöåö ÇáÊøóÚúáöíáõ áöÌõãúáóÉö ÍóÞøóÊú Úóáóíúåö ÇáÖøóáÇáóÉõ [ÇáäøóÍúá: 36] ¡ æóåóÐóÇ ÔóÃúäõ (Åöäøó) ÅöÐóÇ æóÞóÚóÊú Ýöí ÕóÏúÑö ÌõãúáóÉò ÚóÞöÈó ÌõãúáóÉò ÃõÎúÑóì Ãóäú Êóßõæäó áöáÑøóÈúØö æóÇáÊøóÚúáöíáö æóÊõÛúäöí ÛóäóÇÁó ÇáúÝóÇÁö¡ ßóãóÇ ÊóÞóÏøóãó ÛóíúÑó ãóÑøóÉò.
æóÇáúãóÚúäóì Ãóäøó åóÐóÇ ÇáúÝóÑöíÞó¡ ÇáøóÐöí ÍóÞøóÊú Úóáóíúåöãõ ÇáÖøóáóÇáóÉõ¡ áóãøóÇ ÓóãöÚõæÇ ÇáÏøóÚúæóÉó Åöáóì ÇáÊøóæúÍöíÏö
æóÇáúÅöÓúáóÇãö¡ áóãú íóØúáõÈõæÇ ÇáäøóÌóÇÉó æóáóãú íóÊóÝóßøóÑõæÇ Ýöí ÖóáóÇáö ÇáÔøöÑúßö ÇáúÈóíøöäö¡ æóáóßöäøóåõãõ ÇÓúÊóæúÍóæúÇ ÔóíóÇØöíäóåõãú¡ æóØóÇÈóÊú äõÝõæÓõåõãú ÈöæóÓúæóÓóÊöåöãú¡ æóÇÆúÊóãóÑõæÇ ÈöÃóãúÑöåöãú¡ æóÇÊøóÎóÐõæåõãú ÃóæúáöíóÇÁó¡ ÝóáóÇ ÌóÑóãó Ãóäú íóÏõæãõæÇ Úóáóì ÖóáóÇáöåöãú áöÃóÌúáö ÇÊøöÎóÇÐöåöãõ ÇáÔøóíóÇØöíäó ÃóæúáöíóÇÁó ãöäú Ïõæäö Çááøóåö.
æóÚóØóÝó ÌõãúáóÉó: æóíóÍúÓóÈõæäó Úóáóì ÌõãúáóÉö: ÇÊøóÎóÐõæÇ ÝóßóÇäó ÖóáóÇáõåõãú ÖóáóÇáðÇ ãõÑóßøóÈðÇ¡ ÅöÐú åõãú ÞóÏú ÖóáøõæÇ Ýöí ÇáÇÆÊãÇÑ ÈöÃóãúÑ ÃÆãøÉ ÇáúßÝúÑ æÃáíÇÁ ÇáÔøóíóÇØöíäö¡ æóáóãøóÇ ÓóãöÚõæÇ ÏóÇÚöíó ÇáúåõÏóì áóãú íóÊóÝóßøóÑõæÇ¡ æóÃóåúãóáõæÇ ÇáäøóÙóÑó¡ áöÃóäøóåõãú íóÍúÓóÈõæäó Ãóäøóåõãú ãõåúÊóÏõæäó áóÇ íóÊóØóÑøóÞõ Åöáóíúåöãú Ôóßøñ Ýöí Ãóäøóåõãú ãõåúÊóÏõæäó¡ ÝóáöÐóáößó áóãú ÊóÎúØõÑú ÈöÈóÇáöåöãõ ÇáúÍóÇÌóÉõ Åöáóì ÇáäøóÙóÑö Ýöí ÕÏÞ ÇáÑøÓæá Õóáøóì Çááåõ Úóáóíúåö æóÓóáøóãó. æóÇáúÍõÓúÈóÇäõ ÇáÙøóäøõ¡ æóåõæó åõäóÇ Ùóäøñ ãõÌóÑøóÏñ Úóäú Ïóáöíáò¡ æóÐóáößó ÃóÛúáóÈõ ãóÇ íõÑóÇÏõ ÈöÇáÙøóäøö æóãóÇ íõÑóÇÏöÝõåõ Ýöí ÇáúÞõÑúÂäö.(8-È/91)
íóÇ Èóäöí ÂÏóãó ÎõÐõæÇ ÒöíäóÊóßõãú ÚöäúÏó ßõáøö ãóÓúÌöÏò æóßõáõæÇ æóÇÔúÑóÈõæÇ æóáóÇ ÊõÓúÑöÝõæÇ Åöäøóåõ áóÇ íõÍöÈøõ ÇáúãõÓúÑöÝöíäó (31)
æóÚóØúÝõ åóÐöåö ÇáúÌõãúáóÉö Úóáóì ÇáøóÊöí ÞóÈúáóåóÇ¡ æóÇÚúÊöÈóÇÑõåõãóÇ ÓóæóÇÁð Ýöí ÇáúÅöÎúÈóÇÑö Úóäö ÇáúÝóÑöíÞö ÇáøóÐöíäó ÍóÞøóÊú Úóáóíúåöãõ ÇáÖøóáóÇáóÉõ¡ áöÞóÕúÏö ÇáÏøóáóÇáóÉö Úóáóì Ãóäøó ÖóáóÇáóåõãú ÍóÇÕöáñ Ýöí ßõáøö æóÇÍöÏò ãöäó ÇáúÎóÈóÑóíúäö¡ ÝóæöáóÇíóÉõ ÇáÔøóíóÇØöíäö ÖóáóÇáóÉñ¡ æóÍõÓúÈóÇäõåõãú ÖóáóÇáóåõãú åõÏðì ÖóáóÇáóÉñ ÃóíúÖðÇ¡ ÓóæóÇÁñ ßóÇäó Ðóáößó ßõáøõåõ Úóäú ÎóØóÃò Ãóæú Úóäú ÚöäóÇÏò¡ ÅöÐú áóÇ ÚõÐúÑó áöáÖøóÇáøö Ýöí ÖóáóÇáöåö ÈöÇáúÎóØóÃö¡ áöÃóäøó Çááøóåó äóÕóÈó ÇáúÃóÏöáøóÉó Úóáóì ÇáúÍóÞøö æóÚóáóì ÇáÊøóãúíöíÒö Èóíúäó ÇáÍÞø æóÇáúÈóÇØöá.
[31]
[ÓõæÑóÉ ÇáúÃóÚúÑóÇÝ (7) : ÂíóÉ 31]
íóÇ Èóäöí ÂÏóãó ÎõÐõæÇ ÒöíäóÊóßõãú ÚöäúÏó ßõáøö ãóÓúÌöÏò æóßõáõæÇ æóÇÔúÑóÈõæÇ æóáÇ ÊõÓúÑöÝõæÇ Åöäøóåõ áóÇ íõÍöÈøõ ÇáúãõÓúÑöÝöíäó (31)
ÅöÚóÇÏóÉõ ÇáäøöÏóÇÁö Ýöí ÕóÏúÑö åóÐöåö ÇáúÌõãúáóÉö áöáöÇåúÊöãóÇãö¡ æóÊóÚúÑöíÝõ ÇáúãõäóÇÏóì ÈöØóÑöíÞö ÇáúÅöÖóÇÝóÉö ÈöæóÕúÝö ßóæúäöåöãú Èóäöí ÂÏóãó ãõÊóÇÈóÚóÉñ áöáúÎöØóÇÈö ÇáúãõÊóÞóÏøöãö Ýöí Þóæúáöåö: íóÇ Èóäöí ÂÏóãó ÞóÏú ÃóäúÒóáúäÇ Úóáóíúßõãú áöÈÇÓÇð [ÇáúÃóÚúÑóÇÝ: 26] .
æóåóÐöåö ÇáúÌõãúáóÉõ ÊóÊóäóÒøóáõ¡ ãöäó ÇáøóÊöí ÈóÚúÏóåóÇ¡ æóåöíó Þóæúáõåõ: Þõáú ãóäú ÍóÑøóãó ÒöíäóÉó Çááøóåö [ÇáúÃóÚúÑóÇÝ:
32] ãóäúÒöáóÉó ÇáäøóÊöíÌóÉö ãöäó ÇáúÌóÏóáö¡ ÝóÞõÏøöãóÊú Úóáóì ÇáúÌóÏóáö ÝóÕóÇÑóÊú ÛóÑóÖðÇ ÈöãóäúÒöáóÉö ÏóÚúæóì æóÌõÚöáó ÇáúÌóÏóáõ ÍõÌøóÉð Úóáóì ÇáÏøóÚúæóì¡ æóÐóáößó ØóÑöíÞñ ãöäú ØõÑõÞö ÇáúÅöäúÔóÇÁö Ýöí ÊóÑúÊöíÈö ÇáúãóÚóÇäöí æóäóÊóÇÆöÌöåóÇ.
ÝóÇáúãóÞúÕöÏõ ãöäú Þóæúáöåö: ÎõÐõæÇ ÒöíäóÊóßõãú ÅöÈúØóÇáõ ãóÇ ÒóÚóãóåõ ÇáúãõÔúÑößõæäó ãöäú áõÒõæãö ÇáÊøóÚóÑøöí Ýöí ÇáúÍóÌøö Ýöí ÃóÍúæóÇáò ÎóÇÕøóÉò¡ æóÚöäúÏó ãóÓóÇÌöÏó ãõÚóíøóäóÉò¡ ÝóÞóÏú ÃóÎúÑóÌó ãõÓúáöãñ Úóäö ÇÈúäö ÚóÈøóÇÓò¡ ÞóÇáó:
ßóÇäóÊö ÇáúãóÑúÃóÉõ ÊóØõæÝõ ÈöÇáúÈóíúÊö æóåöíó ÚõÑúíóÇäóÉñ æóÊóÞõæáõ ãóäú íõÚöíÑõäöí ÊöØúæóÇÝðÇ ÊóÌúÚóáõåõ Úóáóì ÝóÑúÌöåóÇ æóÊóÞõæáõ:
Çáúíóæúãó íóÈúÏõæ ÈóÚúÖõåõ Ãóæú ßõáøõåõ ... æóãóÇ ÈóÏóÇ ãöäúåõ ÝóáóÇ ÃõÍöáøõåõ(8-È/92)
æóÃóÎúÑóÌó ãõÓúáöãñ Úóäú ÚõÑúæóÉó Èúäö ÇáÒøõÈóíúÑö¡ ÞóÇáó: ßóÇäóÊö ÇáúÚóÑóÈõ ÊóØõæÝõ ÈöÇáúÈóíúÊö ÚõÑóÇÉð ÅöáøóÇ ÇáúÍõãúÓó¡ æóÇáúÍõãúÓõ ÞõÑóíúÔñ æóãóÇ æóáóÏóÊú ÝóßóÇäó ÛóíúÑõåõãú íóØõæÝõæäó ÚõÑóÇÉð ÅöáøóÇ Ãóäú íõÚúØöíóåõãõ ÇáúÍõãúÓõ ËöíóÇÈðÇ ÝóíõÚúØöí ÇáÑøöÌóÇáõ ÇáÑøöÌóÇáó æóÇáäøöÓóÇÁõ ÇáäøöÓóÇÁó¡ æóÚóäúåõ: Ãóäøóåõãú ßóÇäõæÇ ÅöÐóÇ æóÕóáõæÇ Åöáóì ãöäðì ØóÑóÍõæÇ ËöíóÇÈóåõãú æóÃóÊóæõÇ ÇáúãóÓúÌöÏó ÚõÑóÇÉð. æóÑõæöíó Ãóäøó ÇáúÍõãúÓó ßóÇäõæÇ íóÞõæáõæäó äóÍúäõ Ãóåúáõ ÇáúÍóÑóãö ÝóáóÇ íóäúÈóÛöí áöÃóÍóÏò ãöäó ÇáúÚóÑóÈö Ãóäú íóØõæÝó ÅöáøóÇ Ýöí ËöíóÇÈöäóÇ æóáóÇ íóÃúßõáó ÅöÐóÇ ÏóÎóáó ÃóÑúÖöäóÇ ÅöáøóÇ ãöäú ØóÚóÇãöäóÇ. Ýóãóäú áóãú íóßõäú áóåõ ãöäó ÇáúÚóÑóÈö ÕóÏöíÞñ ÈöãóßøóÉó íõÚöíÑõåõ ËóæúÈðÇ æóáóÇ íÌÏ ãä íóÓúÊóÃúÌöÑõ Èöåö ßóÇäó Èóíúäó ÃóÍóÏö ÃóãúÑóíúäö ÅöãøóÇ Ãóäú íóØõæÝó ÈöÇáúÈóíúÊö ÚõÑúíóÇäðÇ¡ æóÅöãøóÇ Ãóäú íóØõæÝó Ýöí ËöíóÇÈöåö ÝóÅöÐóÇ ÝóÑóÛó ãöäú ØóæóÇÝöåö ÃóáúÞóì ËóæúÈóåõ Úóäúåõ Ýóáóãú íóãóÓøóåõ ÃóÍóÏñ æóßóÇäó Ðóáößó ÇáËøóæúÈõ íõÓóãøóì: ÇááøóÞóì- ÈöÝóÊúÍö ÇááøóÇãö- ÞóÇáó ÔóÇÚöÑõåõãú:
ßóÝóì ÍóÒóäðÇ ßóÑøöí Úóáóíúåö ßóÃóäøóåõ ... áóÞðì Èóíúäó ÃóíúÏöí ÇáØøóÇÆöÝöíäó ÍóÑóÇãõ
æóÝöí «ÇáúßóÔøóÇÝ» ¡ Úóä ØóÇæõæÓ: ßóÇäó ÃóÍóÏõåõãú íóØõæÝõ ÚõÑúíóÇäðÇ æóíóÏóÚõ ËöíóÇÈóåõ æóÑóÇÁó ÇáúãóÓúÌöÏö æóÅöäú ØóÇÝó æóåöíó Úóáóíúåö ÖõÑöÈó æóÇäúÊõÒöÚóÊú ãöäúåõ áöÃóäøóåõãú ÞóÇáõæÇ: áóÇ äóÚúÈõÏõ Çááøóåó Ýöí ËöíóÇÈò ÃóÐúäóÈúäóÇ ÝöíåóÇ¡ æóÞóÏú ÃÈúØáåõ ÇáäÈíÁ Õóáøóì Çááåõ Úóáóíúåö æóÓóáøóãó ÅöÐú ÃóãóÑó ÃóÈóÇ ÈóßúÑò ÑóÖöíó Çááøóåõ Úóäúåõ¡ ÚóÇãó ÍóÌøóÊöåö ÓóäóÉó ÊöÓúÚò¡ Ãóäú íõäóÇÏöíó Ýöí ÇáúãóæúÓöãö: «Ãóäú áóÇ íóÍõÌøó ÈóÚúÏó ÇáúÚóÇãö ãõÔúÑößñ æóáóÇ íóØõæÝõ ÈöÇáúÈóíúÊö ÚõÑúíóÇäñ» .
æóÚóäö ÇáÓøõÏøöíøö æóÇÈúäö ÚóÈøóÇÓò ßóÇäó Ãóåúáõ ÇáúÌóÇåöáöíøóÉö ÇáÊÒãæÇ ÊóÍúÑöíã Çááøã æóÇáúæóÏóßó Ýöí ÃóíøóÇãö ÇáúãóæúÓöãö¡ æóáóÇ íóÃúßõáõæäó ãöäó ÇáØøóÚóÇãö ÅöáøóÇ ÞõæÊðÇ¡ æóáóÇ íóÃúßõáõæäó ÏóÓóãðÇ¡ æóäóÓóÈó Ýöí «ÇáúßóÔøóÇÝö» Ðóáößó Åöáóì Èóäöí ÚóÇãöÑò¡ æóßóÇäó ÇáúÍõãúÓõ íóÞõæáõæäó: áóÇ íóäúÈóÛöí áöÃóÍóÏò ÅöÐóÇ ÏóÎóáó ÃóÑúÖóäóÇ Ãóäú íóÃúßõáó ÅöáøóÇ ãöäú ØóÚóÇãöäóÇ¡ æóÝöí «ÊóÝúÓöíÑö ÇáØøóÈóÑöíøö»(8-È/93)
Úóäú ÌóÇÈöÑö Èúäö ÒóíúÏò ßóÇäõæÇ ÅöÐóÇ ÍóÌøõæÇ ÍóÑøóãõæÇ ÇáÔøóÇÉó æóáóÈóäóåóÇ æóÓóãúäóåóÇ. æóÝöíåö Úóäú ÞóÊóÇÏóÉó: Ãóäøó ÇáúÂíóÉó ÃóÑóÇÏóÊú ãóÇ ÍóÑøóãõæåõ Úóáóì ÃóäúÝõÓöåöãú ãöäó ÇáúÈóÍöíÑóÉö æóÇáÓøóÇÆöÈóÉö æóÇáúæóÕöíáóÉö æóÇáúÍóÇãöí.
ÝóÇáúÃóãúÑõ Ýöí Þóæúáöåö: ÎõÐõæÇ ÒöíäóÊóßõãú áöáúæõÌõæÈö¡ æóÝöí Þóæúáöåö: æóßõáõæÇ æóÇÔúÑóÈõæÇ áöáúÅöÈóÇÍóÉö áóÈóäöí ÂÏóãó ÇáúãóÇÖöíäó æóÇáúÍóÇÖöÑöíäó.
æóÇáúãóÞúÕõæÏõ ãöäú ÊóæúÌöíåö ÇáúÃóãúÑö Ãóæú ãöäú ÍößóÇíóÊöåö ÅöÈúØóÇáõ ÇáÊøóÍúÑöíãö ÇáøóÐöí ÌóÚóáóåõ Ãóåúáõ ÇáúÌóÇåöáöíøóÉö ÈöÃóäøóåõãú äóÞóÖõæÇ Èöåö ãóÇ ÊóÞóÑøóÑó Ýöí ÃóÕúáö ÇáúÝöØúÑóÉö ãöãøóÇ ÃóãóÑó Çááøóåõ Èöåö Èóäöí ÂÏóãó ßõáøóåõãú¡ æóÇãúÊóäøó Èöåö Úóáóíúåöãú¡ ÅöÐú ÎóáóÞó áóåõãú ãóÇ Ýöí ÇáúÃóÑúÖö ÌóãöíÚðÇ. æóåõæó ÔóÈöíåñ ÈöÇáúÃóãúÑö ÇáúæóÇÑöÏö ÈóÚúÏó ÇáúÍóÙúÑö. ÝóÅöäøó ÃóÕúáóåõ ÅöÈúØóÇáõ ÇáÊøóÍúÑöíãö æóåõæó ÇáúÅöÈóÇÍóÉõ ßóÞóæúáöåö ÊóÚóÇáóì: æóÅöÐÇ ÍóáóáúÊõãú ÝóÇÕúØÇÏõæÇ [ÇáúãóÇÆöÏóÉ: 2] ÈóÚúÏó Þóæúáöåö: ÛóíúÑó ãõÍöáøöí ÇáÕøóíúÏö æóÃóäúÊõãú ÍõÑõãñ [ÇáúãóÇÆöÏóÉ: 1] æóÞóÏú íóÚúÑöÖõ áöãóÇ ÃóÈúØóáó Èöåö ÇáÊøóÍúÑöíãó Ãóäú íóßõæäó æóÇÌöÈðÇ. ÝóÞóÏú ÙóåóÑó ãä ÇáÓøíÇÞ æÇáÓøÈÇÞ Ýöí åóÐöåö ÇáúÂíóÇÊö Ãóäøó ßóÔúÝó ÇáúÚóæúÑóÉö ãöäó ÇáúÝóæóÇÍöÔö¡ ÝóáóÇ ÌóÑóãó íóßõæäõ
ÇááøöÈóÇÓõ Ýöí ÇáúÍóÌøö ãöäúåõ æóÇÌöÈñ¡ æóåõæó ãóÇ íóÓúÊõÑõ ÇáúÚóæúÑóÉó¡ æóãóÇ ÒóÇÏó Úóáóì Ðóáößó ãõÈóÇÍñ ãóÃúÐõæäñ Ýöíåö ÅöÈúØóÇáðÇ áöÊóÍúÑöíãöåö¡ æóÃóãøóÇ ÇáúÃóãúÑõ ÈöÇáúÃóßúáö æóÇáÔøõÑúÈö Ýóåõæó áöáúÅöÈóÇÍóÉö ÅöÈúØóÇáðÇ áöáÊøóÍúÑöíãö¡ æóáóíúÓó íóÌöÈõ Úóáóì ÃóÍóÏò Ãóßúáõ ÇááøóÍúãö æóÇáÏøóÓóãö.
æóÞóæúáõåõ: ÚöäúÏó ßõáøö ãóÓúÌöÏò ÊóÚúãöíãñ Ãóíú áóÇ ÊóÎõÕøõæÇ ÈóÚúÖó ÇáúãóÓóÇÌöÏö ÈöÇáÊøóÚóÑøöí ãöËúáó ÇáúãóÓúÌöÏö ÇáúÍóÑóÇãö æóãóÓúÌöÏö ãöäðì¡ æóÞóÏú ÊóÞóÏøóãó äóÙöíÑõåõ Ýöí Þóæúáöåö: æóÃóÞöíãõæÇ æõÌõæåóßõãú ÚöäúÏó ßõáøö ãóÓúÌöÏò [ÇáúÃóÚúÑóÇÝ: 29] . æóÞóÏú ÙóåóÑóÊú ãõäóÇÓóÈóÉõ ÚóØúÝö ÇáúÃóãúÑö ÈöÇáúÃóßúáö æóÇáÔøõÑúÈö Úóáóì ÇáúÃóãúÑö ÈöÃóÎúÐö ÇáÒøöíäóÉö ãöãøóÇ ãóÖóì ÂäöÝðÇ.(8-È/94)
Þõáú ãóäú ÍóÑøóãó ÒöíäóÉó Çááøóåö ÇáøóÊöí ÃóÎúÑóÌó áöÚöÈóÇÏöåö æóÇáØøóíøöÈóÇÊö ãöäó ÇáÑøöÒúÞö Þõáú åöíó áöáøóÐöíäó ÂãóäõæÇ Ýöí ÇáúÍóíóÇÉö ÇáÏøõäúíóÇ ÎóÇáöÕóÉð íóæúãó ÇáúÞöíóÇãóÉö ßóÐóáößó äõÝóÕøöáõ ÇáúÂíóÇÊö áöÞóæúãò íóÚúáóãõæäó (32)
æóÇáúÅöÓúÑóÇÝõ ÊóÞóÏøóãó ÚöäúÏó Þóæúáöåö ÊóÚóÇáóì: æóáÇ ÊóÃúßõáõæåÇ ÅöÓúÑÇÝÇð Ýöí ÓõæÑóÉö ÇáäøöÓóÇÁö [6] ¡ æóåõæó ÊóÌóÇæõÒõ ÇáúÍóÏøö ÇáúãõÊóÚóÇÑóÝö Ýöí ÇáÔøóíúÁö Ãóíú: æóáóÇ ÊõÓúÑöÝõæÇ Ýöí ÇáúÃóßúáö ÈößóËúÑóÉö Ãóßúáö ÇááøõÍõæãö æóÇáÏøóÓóãó áöÃóäøó Ðóáößó íóÚõæÏõ ÈöÃóÖúÑóÇÑò Úóáóì ÇáúÈóÏóäö æóÊóäúÔóÃõ ãöäúåõ ÃóãúÑóÇÖñ ãõÚúÖöáóÉñ.
æóÞóÏú Þöíáó Åöäøó åóÐöåö ÇáúÂíóÉó ÌóãóÚóÊú ÃõÕõæáó ÍöÝúÙö ÇáÕøöÍøóÉö ãöäú ÌóÇäöÈö ÇáúÛöÐóÇÁö ÝóÇáäøóåúíõ Úóäö ÇáÓøóÑóÝö äóåúíõ ÅöÑúÔóÇÏò áóÇ äóåúíõ ÊóÍúÑöíãò ÈöÞóÑöíäóÉö ÇáúÅöÈóÇÍóÉö ÇááøóÇÍöÞóÉö Ýöí Þóæúáöåö: Þõáú ãóäú ÍóÑøóãó ÒöíäóÉó Çááøóåö- Åöáóì Þóæúáöåö- æóÇáØøóíøöÈÇÊö ãöäó ÇáÑøöÒúÞö [ÇáúÃóÚúÑóÇÝ: 32] ¡ æóáöÃóäøó ãöÞúÏóÇÑó ÇáúÅöÓúÑóÇÝö áóÇ íóäúÖóÈöØõ ÝóáóÇ íóÊóÚóáøóÞõ Èöåö ÇáÊøóßúáöíÝõ¡ æóáóßöäú íõæßóáõ Åöáóì ÊóÏúÈöíÑö ÇáäøóÇÓö ãóÕóÇáöÍóåõãú¡ æóåóÐóÇ ÑóÇÌöÚñ Åöáóì ãóÚúäóì ÇáúÞöÓúØö ÇáúæóÇÞöÚö Ýöí Þóæúáöåö ÓóÇÈöÞðÇ: Þõáú ÃóãóÑó ÑóÈøöí ÈöÇáúÞöÓúØö [ÇáúÃóÚúÑóÇÝ: 29] ÝóÅöäøó ÊóÑúßó ÇáÓøóÑóÝö ãöäú ãóÚúäóì ÇáúÚóÏúáö.
æóÞóæúáõåõ: Åöäøóåõ áóÇ íõÍöÈøõ ÇáúãõÓúÑöÝöíäó ÊóÐúíöíáñ¡ æóÊóÞóÏøóãó ÇáúÞóæúáõ Ýöí äóÙöíÑöåö Ýöí ÓõæÑóÉ ÇáúÃóäúÚóÇã.
[32]
[ÓõæÑóÉ ÇáúÃóÚúÑóÇÝ (7) : ÂíóÉ 32]
Þõáú ãóäú ÍóÑøóãó ÒöíäóÉó Çááøóåö ÇáøóÊöí ÃóÎúÑóÌó áöÚöÈÇÏöåö æóÇáØøóíøöÈÇÊö ãöäó ÇáÑøöÒúÞö Þõáú åöíó áöáøóÐöíäó ÂãóäõæÇ Ýöí ÇáúÍóíÇÉö ÇáÏøõäúíÇ ÎÇáöÕóÉð íóæúãó ÇáúÞöíÇãóÉö ßóÐáößó äõÝóÕøöáõ ÇáúÂíÇÊö áöÞóæúãò íóÚúáóãõæäó (32)
ÇÓúÊöÆúäóÇÝñ ãõÚúÊóÑöÖñ Èóíúäó ÇáúÎöØóÇÈóÇÊö ÇáúãóÍúßöíøóÉö æóÇáúãõæóÌøóåóÉö¡ æóåõæó ãóæúÖöÚõ ÅöÈúØóÇáö ãóÒóÇÚöãö Ãóåúáö ÇáúÌóÇåöáöíøóÉö ÝöíãóÇ ÍóÑøóãõæåõ ãöäó ÇááøöÈóÇÓö æóÇáØøóÚóÇãö æóåöíó ÒöíóÇÏóÉõ ÊóÃúßöíÏò áöÅöÈóÇÍóÉö ÇáÊøóÓóÊøõÑö Ýöí ÇáúãóÓóÇÌöÏö¡ ÝóÇÈúÊõÏöÆó ÇáúßóáóÇãõ ÇáÓøóÇÈöÞõ ÈöÃóäøó ÇááøöÈóÇÓó äÚúãóÉ ãä ááå. æóËäí ÈöÇáúÃóãÑ ÈöÅöíÌóÇÈ ÇáÊøóÓóÊøõÑö ÚöäúÏó ßõáøö ãóÓúÌöÏ¡ æóËáË ÈÇäßÇÑÇä íõæÌóÏó ÊóÍúÑöíãõ ÇááøöÈóÇÓö(8-È/95)
æóÇÝúÊöÊóÇÍõ ÇáúÌõãúáóÉö ÈöÜ Þõáú ÏóáóÇáóÉñ Úóáóì Ãóäøóåõ ßóáóÇãñ ãóÓõæÞñ áöáÑøóÏøö æóÇáúÅöäúßóÇÑö æóÇáúãõÍóÇæóÑóÉö.
æóÇáöÇÓúÊöÝúåóÇãõ ÅöäúßóÇÑöíøñ ÞõÕöÏó Èöåö ÇáÊøóåóßøõãõ ÅöÐú ÌóÚóáóåõãú ÈöãóäúÒöáóÉö Ãóåúáö Úöáúãò íõØúáóÈõ ãöäúåõãõ ÇáúÈóíóÇäõ
æóÇáúÅöÝóÇÏóÉõ äóÙöíÑó Þóæúáöåö: Þõáú åóáú ÚöäúÏóßõãú ãöäú Úöáúãò ÝóÊõÎúÑöÌõæåõ áóäÇ [ÇáúÃóäúÚóÇã: 148]- æóÞóæúáöåö- äóÈøöÆõæäöí ÈöÚöáúãò Åöäú ßõäúÊõãú ÕÇÏöÞöíäó [ÇáúÃóäúÚóÇã: 143] æóÞóÑöíäóÉõ ÇáÊøóåóßøõãö: ÅöÖóÇÝóÉõ ÇáÒøöíäóÉö Åöáóì ÇÓúãö Çááøóåö¡ æóÊóÚúÑöíÝõåóÇ ÈöÃóäøóåóÇ ÃóÎúÑóÌóåóÇ Çááøóåõ áöÚöÈóÇÏöåö¡ æóæóÕúÝõ ÇáÑøöÒúÞö ÈöÇáØøóíøöÈóÇÊö¡ æóÐóáößó íóÞúÊóÖöí ÚóÏóãó ÇáÊøóÍúÑöíãö¡ ÝóÇáöÇÓúÊöÝúåóÇãõ íóÄõæáõ ÃóíúÖðÇ Åöáóì ÅöäúßóÇÑö ÊóÍúÑöíãöåóÇ.
æóáöæõÖõæÍö ÇäúÊöÝóÇÁö ÊóÍúÑöíãöåóÇ¡ æóÃóäøóåõ áóÇ íóÞõæáõåõ ÚóÇÞöáñ¡ æóÃóäøó ÇáÓøõÄóÇáó ÓõÄóÇáõ ÚóÇáöãò áóÇ ÓõÄóÇáõ ØóÇáöÈö Úöáúãò¡ ÃõãöÑó ÇáÓøóÇÆöáõ ÈöÃóäú íõÌöíÈó ÈöäóÝúÓöåö ÓõÄóÇáó äóÝúÓöåö¡ ÝóÚõÞøöÈó ãóÇ åõæó Ýöí ÕõæÑóÉö ÇáÓøõÄóÇáö ÈöÞóæúáöåö: Þõáú åöíó áöáøóÐöíäó ÂãóäõæÇ Ýöí ÇáúÍóíÇÉö ÇáÏøõäúíÇ Úóáóì ØóÑöíÞóÉö Þóæúáöåö: Þõáú áöãóäú ãóÇ Ýöí ÇáÓøóãÇæÇÊö æóÇáúÃóÑúÖö Þõáú áöáøóåö Ýöí ÓõæÑóÉö ÇáúÃóäúÚóÇãö [12] ¡- æóÞóæúáõåõ- Úóãøó íóÊóÓÇÁóáõæäó Úóäö ÇáäøóÈóÅö ÇáúÚóÙöíãö [ÇáäøóÈóÅö: 1¡ 2] ÝóÂáó ÇáÓøõÄóÇáõ æóÌóæóÇÈõåõ Åöáóì ÎóÈóÑóíúäö.
æóÖóãöíÑõ: åöíó ÚóÇÆöÏñ Åöáóì ÇáÒøöíäóÉö æóÇáØøóíøöÈóÇÊö ÈöÞóØúÚö ÇáäøóÙóÑö Úóäú æóÕúÝö ÊóÍúÑöíãö ãóäú ÍóÑøóãóåóÇ¡ Ãóíö: ÇáÒøöíäóÉõ æóÇáØøóíøöÈóÇÊõ ãöäú ÍóíúËõ åöíó åöíó ÍóáóÇáñ áöáøóÐöíäó ÂãóäõæÇ Ýóãóäú ÍóÑøóãóåóÇ Úóáóì ÃóäúÝõÓöåöãú ÝóÞóÏú ÍóÑóãõæÇ ÃóäúÝõÓóåõãú.
æóÇááøóÇãõ Ýöí: áöáøóÐöíäó ÂãóäõæÇ áóÇãõ ÇáöÇÎúÊöÕóÇÕö æóåõæó íóÏõáøõ Úóáóì ÇáúÅöÈóÇÍóÉö¡ ÝóÇáúãóÚúäóì: ãóÇ åöíó ÈöÍóÑóÇãò æóáóßöäøóåóÇ ãõÈóÇÍóÉñ áöáøóÐöíäó ÂãóäõæÇ¡ æóÅöäøóãóÇ ÍóÑóãó ÇáúãõÔúÑößõæäó ÃóäúÝõÓóåõãú ãöäú ÃóÕúäóÇÝò ãöäúåóÇ Ýöí ÇáúÍóíóÇÉö ÇáÏøõäúíóÇ ßõáøöåóÇ ãöËúáó ÇáúÈóÍöíÑóÉö æóÇáÓøóÇÆöÈóÉö æóÇáúæóÕöíáóÉö æóÇáúÍóÇãöí æóãóÇ Ýöí ÈõØõæäöåóÇ¡ æóÍóÑóãó ÈóÚúÖõ ÇáúãõÔúÑößöíäó ÃóäúÝõÓóåõãú ãöäú ÃóÔúíóÇÁó Ýöí ÃóæúÞóÇÊò ãöäó ÇáúÍóíóÇÉö ÇáÏøõäúíóÇ ãöãøóÇ ÍóÑøóãõæåõ Úóáóì ÃóäúÝõÓöåöãú ãöäó ÇááøöÈóÇÓö Ýöí ÇáØøóæóÇÝö æóÝöí ãöäðì¡ æóãöäú Ãóßúáö ÇááøõÍõæãö æóÇáúæóÏóßö æóÇáÓøóãúäö æóÇááøóÈóäö¡ ÝóßóÇäó ÇáúÝóæúÒõ áöáúãõÄúãöäöíäó ÅöÐö ÇÊøóÈóÚõæÇ ÃóãúÑó Çááøóåö ÈöÊóÍúáöíáö Ðóáößó ßõáøöåö Ýöí ÌóãöíÚö ÃóæúÞóÇÊö ÇáúÍóíóÇÉö ÇáÏøõäúíóÇ.
æóÞóæúáõåõ: ÎÇáöÕóÉð íóæúãó ÇáúÞöíÇãóÉö ÞóÑóÃóåõ äóÇÝöÚñ¡ æóÍúÏóåõ: ÈöÑóÝúÚö ÎóÇáöÕóÉð Úóáóì Ãóäøóåõ ÎóÈóÑñ ËóÇäò Úóäú Þóæúáöåö: åöíó Ãóíú: åöíó áóåõãú Ýöí ÇáÏøõäúíóÇ æóåöíó áóåõãú ÎóÇáöÕóÉñ(8-È/96)
íóæúãó ÇáúÞöíóÇãóÉö¡ æóÞóÑóÃóåõ ÈóÇÞöí ÇáúÚóÔóÑóÉö:
ÈöÇáäøóÕúÈö Úóáóì ÇáúÍóÇáö ãöäó ÇáúãõÈúÊóÏóÃö Ãóíú åöíó áóåõãõ ÇáúÂäó ÍóÇáó ßóæúäöåóÇ ÎóÇáöÕóÉð Ýöí ÇáúÂÎöÑóÉö æóãóÚúäóì ÇáúÞöÑóÇÁóÊóíúäö æóÇÍöÏñ¡ æóåõæó Ãóäøó ÇáÒøöíäóÉó æóÇáØøóíøöÈóÇÊö Êóßõæäõ ÎóÇáöÕóÉð áöáúãõÄúãöäöíäó íóæúãó ÇáúÞöíóÇãóÉö.
æóÇáúÃóÙúåóÑõ Ãóäøó ÇáÖøóãöíÑó ÇáúãõÓúÊóÊöÑó Ýöí ÎÇáöÕóÉð ÚóÇÆöÏñ Åöáóì ÇáÒøöíäóÉö æóÇáØøóíøöÈóÇÊö ÇáúÍóÇÕöáóÉö Ýöí ÇáúÍóíóÇÉö ÇáÏøõäúíóÇ ÈöÚóíúäöåóÇ¡ Ãóíú åöíó ÎóÇáöÕóÉñ áóåõãú Ýöí ÇáúÂÎöÑóÉö¡ æóáóÇ Ôóßøó Ãóäøó Êöáúßó ÇáÒøöíäóÉó æóÇáØøóíøöÈóÇÊö ÞóÏö ÇäúÞóÑóÖóÊú Ýöí ÇáÏøõäúíóÇ¡ ÝóãóÚúäóì ÎóáóÇÕöåóÇ ÕóÝóÇÄõåóÇ¡ æóßóæúäõåõ Ýöí íóæúãö ÇáúÞöíóÇãóÉö: åõæó Ãóäøó íóæúãó ÇáúÞöíóÇãóÉö ãóÙúåóÑõ ÕóÝóÇÆöåóÇ Ãóíú ÎõáõæÕöåóÇ ãöäó ÇáÊøóÈöÚóÇÊö ÇáúãõäúÌóÑøóÉö ãöäúåóÇ¡ æóåöíó ÊóÈöÚóÇÊõ ÊóÍúÑöíãöåóÇ¡ æóÊóÈöÚóÇÊõ ÊóäóÇæõáö ÈóÚúÖöåóÇ ãóÚó ÇáúßõÝúÑö ÈöÇáúãõäúÚöãö ÈöåóÇ¡ ÝóÇáúãõÄúãöäõæäó áóãøóÇ ÊõäóÇæóáõæåóÇ Ýöí ÇáÏøõäúíóÇ ÊóäóÇæóáõæåóÇ ÈöÅöÐúäö ÑóÈøöåöãú¡
ÈöÎöáóÇÝö ÇáúãõÔúÑößöíäó ÝóÅöäøóåõãú íóÓúÃóáõæäó ÚóäúåóÇ ÝóíõÚóÇÞöÈõæäó Úóáóì ãóÇ ÊóäóÇæóáõæåõ ãöäúåóÇ Ýöí ÇáÏøõäúíóÇ¡ áöÃóäøóåõãú ßóÝóÑõæÇ äöÚúãóÉó ÇáúãõäúÚöãö ÈöåóÇ¡ ÝóÃóÔúÑóßõæÇ Èöåö ÛóíúÑóåõ ßóãóÇ ÞóÇáó ÊóÚóÇáóì Ýöíåöãú: æóÊóÌúÚóáõæäó ÑöÒúÞóßõãú Ãóäøóßõãú ÊõßóÐøöÈõæäó [ÇáúæóÇÞöÚóÉ: 82] æóÅöáóì åóÐóÇ ÇáúãóÚúäóì íõÔöíÑõ ÊóÝúÓöíÑõ ÓóÚöíÏö Èúäö ÌõÈóíúÑò¡ æóÇáúÃóãúÑõ Ýöíåö Úóáóì ÞöÑóÇÁóÉö ÑóÝúÚö:
ÎÇáöÕóÉð Ãóäøóåõ ÅöÎúÈóÇÑñ Úóäú åóÐöåö ÇáÒøöíäóÉö æóÇáØøóíøöÈóÇÊö ÈöÃóäøóåóÇ áóÇ ÊõÚóÞøöÈõ ÇáúãõÊóãóÊøöÚöíäó ÈöåóÇ ÊóÈöÚóÇÊò æóáóÇ ÃóÖúÑóÇÑðÇ¡ æóÚóáóì ÞöÑóÇÁóÉö ÇáäøóÕúÈö Ýóåõæó äóÕúÈñ Úóáóì ÇáúÍóÇáö ÇáúãõÞóÏøóÑóÉö.
æóíõÍúÊóãóáõ Ãóäú íóßõæäó ÇáÖøóãöíÑõ Ýöí ÎÇáöÕóÉð ÚóÇÆöÏðÇ Åöáóì ÇáÒøöíäóÉö æóÇáØøóíøöÈóÇÊö¡ ÈöÇÚúÊöÈóÇÑö ÃóäúæóÇÚöåóÇ áóÇ ÈöÇÚúÊöÈóÇÑö ÃóÚúíóÇäöåóÇ¡ Ýóíóßõæäõ ÇáúãóÚúäóì: æóáóåõãú ÃóãúËóÇáõåóÇ íóæúãó ÇáúÞöíóÇãóÉö ÎóÇáöÕóÉð.
æóãóÚúäóì ÇáúÎóáóÇÕõ ÇáÊøóãóÍøõÖõ æóåõæó åõäóÇ ÇáÊøóãóÍøõÖõ Úóäú ãõÔóÇÑóßóÉö ÛóíúÑöåöãú ãöäú Ãóåúáö íóæúãö ÇáúÞöíóÇãóÉö¡ æóÇáúãóÞúÕõæÏõ Ãóäøó ÇáúãõÔúÑößöíäó æóÛóíúÑóåõãú ãöäó ÇáúßóÇÝöÑöíäó áóÇ ÒöíäóÉó áóåõãú æóáóÇ ØóíøöÈóÇÊò ãöäó ÇáÑøöÒúÞö íóæúãó ÇáúÞöíóÇãóÉ¡ Ãóí ÃäøåÇ Ýöí ÇáÏøõäúíóÇ ßóÇäóÊú áóåõãú ãóÚó ãõÔóÇÑóßóÉö ÇáúãõÔúÑößöíäó ÅöíøóÇåõãú ÝöíåóÇ¡ æóåóÐóÇ ÇáúãóÚúäóì ãóÑúæöíøñ Úóäö ÇÈúäö ÚóÈøóÇÓò æóÃóÕúÍóÇÈöåö.(8-È/97)
æóãóÚúäóì: ßóÐáößó äõÝóÕøöáõ ÇáúÂíÇÊö ßóåóÐÇ ÇáÊøÝÕíá ÇáãÊÈÏÆ ãöäú Þóæúáöåö: íóÇ Èóäöí ÂÏóãó ÞóÏú ÃóäúÒóáúäÇ Úóáóíúßõãú áöÈÇÓÇð [ÇáúÃóÚúÑóÇÝ: 26] ÇáúÂíóÇÊö Ãóæú ãöäú Þóæúáöåö: ÇÊøóÈöÚõæÇ ãóÇ ÃõäúÒöáó Åöáóíúßõãú ãöäú ÑóÈøößõãú [ÇáúÃóÚúÑóÇÝ: 3] . æóÊóÞóÏøóãó äóÙöíÑõ åóÐóÇ ÇáÊøóÑúßöíÈö Ýöí ÓõæÑóÉö ÇáúÃóäúÚóÇãö.
æóÇáúãõÑóÇÏõ ÈöÇáúÂíóÇÊö ÇáÏøóáóÇÆöáõ ÇáÏøóÇáøóÉõ Úóáóì ÚóÙöíãö ÞõÏúÑóÉö Çááøóåö ÊóÚóÇáóì¡ æóÇäúÝöÑóÇÏöåö ÈöÇáúÅöáóåöíøóÉö¡ æóÇáÏøóÇáøóÉõ Úóáóì ÕöÏúÞö ÑóÓõæáå ãÍãøÏ Õóáøóì Çááåõ Úóáóíúåö æóÓóáøóãó¡ ÅöÐú Èóíøóäó ÝóÓóÇÏó Ïöíäö Ãóåúáö ÇáúÌóÇåöáöíøóÉö¡ æóÚóáøóãó Ãóåúáó ÇáúÅöÓúáóÇãö ÚöáúãðÇ ßóÇãöáðÇ áóÇ íóÎúÊóáöØõ ãóÚóåõ ÇáÕøóÇáöÍõ æóÇáúÝóÇÓöÏõ ãöäó ÇáúÃóÚúãóÇáö¡ ÅöÐú ÞóÇáó: ÎõÐõæÇ ÒöíäóÊóßõãú¡ æóÞóÇáó: æóßõáõæÇ æóÇÔúÑóÈõæÇ [ÇáúÃóÚúÑóÇÝ: 31] ¡ Ëõãøó ÞóÇáó: æóáÇ ÊõÓúÑöÝõæÇ Åöäøóåõ áóÇ íõÍöÈøõ ÇáúãõÓúÑöÝöíäó
[ÇáúÃóÚúÑóÇÝ: 31] ¡ æóÅöÐú ÚóÇÞóÈó ÇáúãõÔúÑößöíäó Úóáóì ÔöÑúßöåöãú æóÚöäóÇÏöåöãú æóÊóßúÐöíÈöåöãú ÈöÚöÞóÇÈò Ýöí ÇáÏøõäúíóÇ¡ ÝóÎóÐóáóåõãú ÍóÊøóì æóÖóÚõæÇ áöÃóäúÝõÓöåöãú ÔóÑúÚðÇ ÍóÑóãóåõãú ãöäú ØóíøöÈóÇÊò ßóËöíÑóÉò æóÔóæøóåó Èöåöãú Èóíúäó ÇáúãóáóÃö Ýöí ÇáúÍóÌøö ÈöÇáúÚóÑóÇÁö ÝóßóÇäõæÇ ãóËóáó ÓóæúÁò Ëõãøó ÚóÇÞóÈóåõãú Úóáóì Ðóáößó Ýöí ÇáúÂÎöÑóÉö¡ æóÅöÐú æóÝøóÞó ÇáúãõÄúãöäöíäó áóãøóÇ ÇÓúÊóÚóÏøõæÇ áöÞóÈõæáö ÏóÚúæóÉö ÑóÓõæáöåö ÝóÇÊøóÈóÚõæåõ¡ ÝóãóÊøóÚóåõãú ÈöÌóãöíÚö ÇáØøóíøöÈóÇÊö Ýöí ÇáÏøõäúíóÇ ÛóíúÑó ãóÍúÑõæãöíäó ãöäú ÔóíúÁò ÅöáøóÇ ÃóÔúíóÇÁó ÝöíåóÇ ÖõÑøñ Úóáöãóåõ Çááøóåõ ÝóÍóÑøóãóåóÇ Úóáóíúåöãú¡ æóÓóáøóãóåõãú ãöäó ÇáúÚöÞóÇÈö ÚóáóíúåóÇ Ýöí ÇáúÂÎöÑóÉö.
æóÇááøóÇãõ Ýöí Þóæúáöåö: áöÞóæúãò íóÚúáóãõæäó áóÇãõ ÇáúÚöáøóÉö¡ æóåõæó ãõÊóÚóáøöÞñ ÈöÝöÚúáö äõÝóÕøöáõ¡ Ãóíú ÊóÝúÕöíáõ ÇáúÂíóÇÊö áóÇ íóÝúåóãõåõ ÅöáøóÇ Þóæúãñ íóÚúáóãõæäó¡ ÝóÅöäøó Çááøóåó áóãøóÇ ÝóÕøóáó ÇáúÂíóÇÊö íóÚúáóãõ Ãóäøó ÊóÝúÕöíáóåóÇ áöÞóæúãò íóÚúáóãõæäó¡ æóíóÌõæÒõ Ãóäú íóßõæäó ÇáúÌóÇÑøõ æóÇáúãóÌúÑõæÑõ ÙóÑúÝðÇ ãõÓúÊóÞöÑøðÇ Ýöí ãóæúÖöÚö ÇáúÍóÇáö ãöäó ÇáúÂíóÇÊö¡ Ãóíú ÍóÇáö ßóæúäöåóÇ ÏóáóÇÆöáó áöÞóæúãò íóÚúáóãõæäó¡ ÝóÅöäøó ÛóíúÑó ÇáøóÐöíäó áóÇ íóÚúáóãõæäó áóÇ Êóßõæäõ ÂíóÇÊò áóåõãú ÅöÐú áóÇ
íóÝúÞóåõæäóåóÇ ßóÞóæúáöåö ÊóÚóÇáóì: Åöäøó Ýöí Ðáößõãú áóÂíÇÊò áöÞóæúãò íõÄúãöäõæäó Ýöí ÓõæÑóÉö ÇáúÃóäúÚóÇãö [99] ¡ Ãóíú ßóÐóáößó ÇáÊøóÝúÕöíáõ ÇáøóÐöí ÝóÕøóáúÊõåõ áóßõãú åõäóÇ äõÝóÕøöáõ ÇáúÂíóÇÊö æóíóÊóÌóÏøóÏõ ÊóÝúÕöíáõäóÇ ÅöíøóÇåóÇ ÍöÑúÕðÇ Úóáóì äóÝúÚö Þóæúãò íóÚúáóãõæäó.(8-È/98)
Þõáú ÅöäøóãóÇ ÍóÑøóãó ÑóÈøöíó ÇáúÝóæóÇÍöÔó ãóÇ ÙóåóÑó ãöäúåóÇ æóãóÇ ÈóØóäó æóÇáúÅöËúãó æóÇáúÈóÛúíó ÈöÛóíúÑö ÇáúÍóÞøö æóÃóäú ÊõÔúÑößõæÇ ÈöÇááøóåö ãóÇ áóãú íõäóÒøöáú Èöåö ÓõáúØóÇäðÇ æóÃóäú ÊóÞõæáõæÇ Úóáóì Çááøóåö ãóÇ áóÇ ÊóÚúáóãõæäó (33)
æóÇáúãõÑóÇÏõ Èö áöÞóæúãò íóÚúáóãõæäó ÇáËøóäóÇÁõ Úóáóì ÇáúãõÓúáöãöíäó ÇáøóÐöíäó ÝóåöãõæÇ ÇáúÂíóÇÊö æóÔóßóÑõæÇ ÚóáóíúåóÇ¡ æóÇáÊøóÚúÑöíÖõ ÈöÌóåúáö æóÖóáóÇáö ÚõÞõæáö ÇáúãõÔúÑößöíäó ÇáøóÐöíäó ÇÓúÊóãóÑøõæÇ Úóáóì ÚöäóÇÏöåöãú æóÖóáóÇáöåöãú¡ ÑóÛúãó ãóÇ ÝõÕøöáó áóåõãú ãä ÇáúÂíóÇÊ.
[33]
[ÓõæÑóÉ ÇáúÃóÚúÑóÇÝ (7) : ÂíóÉ 33]
Þõáú ÅöäøóãÇ ÍóÑøóãó ÑóÈøöíó ÇáúÝóæÇÍöÔó ãóÇ ÙóåóÑó ãöäúåÇ æóãÇ ÈóØóäó æóÇáúÅöËúãó æóÇáúÈóÛúíó ÈöÛóíúÑö ÇáúÍóÞøö æóÃóäú ÊõÔúÑößõæÇ ÈöÇááøóåö ãóÇ áóãú íõäóÒøöáú Èöåö ÓõáúØÇäÇð æóÃóäú ÊóÞõæáõæÇ Úóáóì Çááøóåö ãóÇ áóÇ ÊóÚúáóãõæäó (33)
áóãøóÇ ÃóäúÈóÃó Þóæúáõåõ: Þõáú ãóäú ÍóÑøóãó ÒöíäóÉó Çááøóåö ÇáøóÊöí ÃóÎúÑóÌó áöÚöÈÇÏöåö [ÇáúÃóÚúÑóÇÝ: 32] Åöáóì ÂÎöÑöåö¡ ÈöÃóäøó Ãóåúáó ÇáúÌóÇåöáöíøóÉö ÍõÑöãõæÇ ãöäó ÇáÒøöíäóÉö æóÇáØøóíøöÈóÇÊö ãöäó ÇáÑøöÒúÞö¡ æóÃóäúÈóÃó Þóæúáõåõ ÊóÚóÇáóì- ÞóÈúáó Ðóáößó- æóÅöÐÇ ÝóÚóáõæÇ ÝÇÍöÔóÉð ÞÇáõæÇ æóÌóÏúäÇ ÚóáóíúåÇ ÂÈÇÁóäÇ æóÇááøóåõ ÃóãóÑóäÇ ÈöåÇ [ÇáúÃóÚúÑóÇÝ: 28] ÈöÃóäøó Ãóåúáó ÇáúÌóÇåöáöíøóÉö íóÚúÒõæäó ÖóáóÇáóåõãú Ýöí ÇáÏøöíäö Åöáóì Çááøóåö¡ ÝóÃóäúÊóÌó Ðóáößó Ãóäøóåõãõ ÇÏøóÚóæúÇ Ãóäøó ãóÇ ÍóÑøóãõæåõ ãöäó ÇáÒøöíäóÉö æóÇáØøóíøöÈóÇÊö ÞóÏú ÍóÑøóãóåõ Çááøóåõ Úóáóíúåöãú¡ ÃóÚúÞóÈó ãõÌóÇÏóáóÊóåõãú ÈöÈóíóÇäö ãóÇ ÍóÑøóãóåõ Çááøóåõ ÍÞøÇ æåã ãáÊÈÓæä Èöåö æóÚóÇßöÝõæäó Úóáóì ÝöÚúáöåö.
ÝóÇáúÞóÕúÑõ ÇáúãõÝóÇÏõ ãöäú ÅöäøóãÇ ÞóÕúÑñ ÅöÖóÇÝöíøñ ãõÝóÇÏõåõ Ãóäøó Çááøóåó ÍóÑøóãó ÇáúÝóæóÇÍöÔó æóãóÇ ÐõßöÑó ãóÚóåóÇ áóÇ ãóÇ ÍóÑøóãúÊõãõæåõ ãöäó ÇáÒøöíäóÉö æóÇáØøóíøöÈóÇÊö¡ ÝóÃóÝóÇÏó ÅöÈúØóÇáó ÇÚúÊöÞóÇÏöåöãú¡ Ëõãøó åõæó íõÝöíÏõ ÈöØóÑöíÞö ÇáÊøóÚúÑöíÖö Ãóäøó ãóÇ ÚóÏøóåõ Çááøóåõ ãöäó ÇáúãõÍóÑøóãóÇÊö ÇáËøóÇÈöÊö ÊóÍúÑöíãõåóÇ ÞóÏú ÊóáóÈøóÓõæÇ ÈöåóÇ¡ áöÃóäøóåõ áóãøóÇ ÚóÏøó ÃóÔúíóÇÁó¡ æóÞóÏú Úóáöãó ÇáäøóÇÓõ Ãóäøó ÇáúãõÍóÑøóãóÇÊö áóíúÓóÊú ãóÍúÕõæÑóÉð ÝöíåóÇ¡ Úóáöãó ÇáÓøóÇãöÚõ Ãóäøó ãóÇ Úóíøóäóåõ ãóÞúÕõæÏñ Èöåö ÊóÚúíöíäõ ãóÇ ÊóáóÈøóÓõæÇ Èöåö ÝóÍóÕóáó ÈöÕöíÛóÉö ÇáúÞóÕúÑö ÑóÏøñ Úóáóíúåöãú ãöäú ÌóÇäöÈóíú ãóÇ Ýöí ÕöíÛóÉö (ÅöäøóãóÇ) ãöäú ÅöËúÈóÇÊò æóäóÝúíò: ÅöÐú åöíó ÈöãóÚúäóì (ãóÇ- æóÅöáøóÇ) ¡ ÝóÃóÝóÇÏó ÊóÍúáöíáó ãóÇ ÒóÚóãõæåõ ÍóÑóÇãðÇ æóÊóÍúÑöíãó ãóÇ ÇÓúÊóÈóÇÍõæåõ ãöäó ÇáúÝóæóÇÍöÔö æóãóÇ ãóÚóåóÇ.(8-È/99)
æóÇáúÝóæóÇÍöÔõ ÌóãúÚõ ÝóÇÍöÔóÉò æóÞóÏú ÊóÞóÏøóãó ÐößúÑõ ãóÚúäóì ÇáúÝóÇÍöÔóÉö ÚöäúÏó Þóæúáöåö ÊóÚóÇáóì: Åöäøóåõ ßÇäó ÝÇÍöÔóÉð æóãóÞúÊÇð Ýöí ÓõæÑóÉö ÇáäøöÓóÇÁö [22] æóÊóÞóÏøóãó ÂäöÝðÇ ÚöäúÏó Þóæúáöåö ÊóÚóÇáóì: æóÅöÐÇ ÝóÚóáõæÇ ÝÇÍöÔóÉð [ÇáúÃóÚúÑóÇÝ: 28] .
æóãóÇ ÙóåóÑó ãöäúåÇ åõæó ãóÇ íõÙúåöÑõåõ ÇáäøóÇÓõ Èóíúäó ÞõÑóäóÇÆöåöãú æóÎóÇÕøóÊöåöãú ãöËúáó ÇáúÈöÛóÇÁö æóÇáúãõÎóÇÏóäóÉö¡ æóãóÇ ÈóØóäó åõæó ãóÇ áóÇ íõÙúåöÑõåõ ÇáäøóÇÓõ ãöËúáó ÇáúæóÃúÏö æóÇáÓøóÑöÞóÉö¡ æóÞóÏú ÊóÞóÏøóãó ÇáúÞóæúáõ Ýöí äóÙöíÑöåö ÚöäúÏó Þóæúáöåö
ÊóÚóÇáóì: æóáÇ ÊóÞúÑóÈõæÇ ÇáúÝóæÇÍöÔó ãóÇ ÙóåóÑó ãöäúåÇ æóãÇ ÈóØóäó Ýöí ÓõæÑóÉö ÇáúÃóäúÚóÇãö [151] . æóÞóÏú ßóÇäõæÇ Ýöí ÇáúÌóÇåöáöíøóÉö íóÓúÊóÍöáøõæäó åóÐöåö ÇáúÝóæóÇÍöÔó æóåöíó ãóÝóÇÓöÏõ ÞóÈöíÍóÉñ áóÇ íóÔõßøõ Ãõæáõæ ÇáúÃóáúÈóÇÈö¡ áóæú ÓõÆöáõæÇ¡ Ãóäøó Çááøóåó áóÇ íóÑúÖóì ÈöåóÇ¡ æóÞöíáó ÇáúãõÑóÇÏõ ÈöÇáúÝóæóÇÍöÔö: ÇáÒøöäóÇ¡ æóãóÇ ÙóåóÑó ãöäúåõ æóãóÇ ÈóØóäó ÍóÇáóÇäö ãöäú ÃóÍúæóÇáö ÇáÒøõäóÇÉö¡ æóÚóáóì åóÐóÇ íóÊóÚóíøóäõ Ãóäú íóßõæäó ÇáúÅöÊúíóÇäõ ÈöÕöíÛóÉö ÇáúÌóãúÚö áöÇÚúÊöÈóÇÑö ÊóÚóÏøõÏö ÃóÝúÚóÇáöåö æóÃóÍúæóÇáöåö æóåõæó ÈóÚöíÏñ.
æóÃóãøóÇ ÇáúÅöËúãõ Ýóåõæó ßõáøõ ÐóäúÈò¡ Ýóåõæó ÃóÚóãøõ ãöäó ÇáúÝóæóÇÍöÔö¡ æóÊóÞóÏøóãó Ýöí Þóæúáöåö ÊóÚóÇáóì: Þõáú ÝöíåöãÇ ÅöËúãñ ßóÈöíÑñ Ýöí ÓõæÑóÉö ÇáúÈóÞóÑóÉö [219] . æóÞóæúáöåö: æóÐóÑõæÇ ÙÇåöÑó ÇáúÅöËúãö æóÈÇØöäóåõ Ýöí ÓõæÑóÉö ÇáúÃóäúÚóÇãö [120] ¡ Ýóíóßõæäõ ÐößúÑõ ÇáúÝóæóÇÍöÔö ÞóÈúáóåõ áöáöÇåúÊöãóÇãö ÈöÇáÊøóÍúÐöíÑö ãöäúåóÇ ÞóÈúáó ÇáÊøóÍúÐöíÑö ãöäú Úõãõæãö ÇáÐøõäõæÈö¡ Ýóåõæó ãóäú ÐößúÑö ÇáúÎóÇÕøö ÞóÈúáó ÇáúÚóÇãøö áöáöÇåúÊöãóÇãö¡ ßóÐößúÑö ÇáúÎóÇÕøö ÈóÚúÏó ÇáúÚóÇãøö¡ ÅöáøóÇ Ãóäøó ÇáöÇåúÊöãóÇãó ÇáúÍóÇÕöáó ÈöÇáÊøóÎúÕöíÕö ãóÚó ÇáÊøóÞúÏöíãö ÃóÞúæóì áöÃóäøó Ýöíåö ÇåúÊöãóÇãðÇ ãöäú ÌöåóÊóíúäö.
æóÃóãøóÇ ÇáúÈóÛúíõ Ýóåõæó ÇáöÇÚúÊöÏóÇÁõ Úóáóì ÍóÞøö ÇáúÛóíúÑö ÈöÓóáúÈö ÃóãúæóÇáöåöãú Ãóæú ÈöÃóÐóÇåõãú¡ æóÇáúßöÈúÑõ Úóáóì ÇáäøóÇÓö ãöäó ÇáúÈóÛúíö¡ ÝóãóÇ ßóÇäó ÈöæóÌúåö ÍóÞøò ÝóáóÇ íõÓóãøóì ÈóÛúíðÇ æóáóßöäøóåõ ÃóÐðì¡ ÞóÇáó Çááå ÊóÚóÇáóì: æóÇáøóÐÇäö íóÃúÊöíÇäöåÇ ãöäúßõãú ÝóÂÐõæåõãÇ [ÇáäøöÓóÇÁ: 16] æóÞóÏú ßóÇäó ÇáúÈóÛúíõ ÔóÇÆöÚðÇ Ýöí ÇáúÌóÇåöáöíøóÉö ÝóßóÇäó ÇáúÞóæöíøõ íóÃúßõáõ ÇáÖøóÚöíÝó¡ æóÐõæ ÇáúÈóÃúÓö íõÛöíÑõ Úóáóì ÃóäúÚóÇãö ÇáäøóÇÓö æóíóÞúÊõáõ ÃóÚúÏóÇÁóåõ ãöäúåõãú¡ æóãöäó ÇáúÈóÛúíö Ãóäú íóÖúÑöÈõæÇ ãóäú íóØõæÝõ ÈöÇáúÈóíúÊö ÈöËöíóÇÈöåö ÅöÐóÇ ßóÇäó ãöäú ÛóíúÑö ÇáúÍõãúÓö¡ æóÃóäú íõáúÒöãõæåõ ÈöÃóäú áóÇ íóÃúßõáó ÛóíúÑó ØóÚóÇãö ÇáúÍõãúÓö¡ æóáóÇ íóØõæÝó ÅöáøóÇ Ýöí ËöíóÇÈöåöãú.(8-È/100)
æóÞóæúáõåõ: ÈöÛóíúÑö ÇáúÍóÞøö ÕöÝóÉñ ßóÇÔöÝóÉñ áöáúÈóÛúíö ãöËúáó ÇáúÚöÔóÇÁö ÇáúÂÎöÑóÉö áöÃóäøó ÇáúÈóÛúíó áóÇ íóßõæäõ ÅöáøóÇ ÈöÛóíúÑö ÍóÞøò.
æóÚóØúÝõ ÇáúÈóÛúíó Úóáóì ÇáúÅöËúãó ãöäú ÚóØúÝö ÇáúÎóÇÕøö Úóáóì ÇáúÚóÇãøö áöáöÇåúÊöãóÇãö Èöåö¡ áöÃóäøó ÇáúÈóÛúíó ßóÇäó ÏóÃúÈóåõãú Ýöí ÇáúÌóÇåöáöíøóÉö¡ ÞóÇáó ÓóæøóÇÑõ Èúäõ ÇáúãõÖóÑøóÈö ÇáÓøóÚúÏöíøõ:
æóÃóäøöí áóÇ ÃóÒóÇáõ ÃóÎóÇ ÍõÑõæÈò ... ÅöÐóÇ áóãú ÃóÌúäö ßõäúÊõ ãöÌóäøó ÌóÇäö
æóÇáúÅöÔúÑóÇßõ ãóÚúÑõæÝñ æóÞóÏú ÍóÑøóãóåõ Çááøóåõ ÊóÚóÇáóì Úóáóì áöÓóÇäö ÌóãöíÚö ÇáúÃóäúÈöíóÇÁö ãõäúÐõ ÎóáóÞó ÇáúÈóÔóÑó.
æóãóÇ áóãú íõäóÒøöáú Èöåö ÓõáúØÇäÇð ãóæúÕõæáñ æóÕöáóÊõåõ¡ æó (ãóÇ) ãóÝúÚõæáõ ÊõÔúÑößõæÇ ÈöÇááøóåö¡ æóÇáÓøõáúØóÇäõ ÇáúÈõÑúåóÇäõ æóÇáúÍõÌøóÉõ¡ æóÇáúãóÌúÑõæÑõ Ýöí Þóæúáöåö: Èöåö ÕöÝóÉñ áö ÓõáúØÇäÇð¡ æóÇáúÈóÇÁõ áöáúãõÕóÇÍóÈóÉö ÈöãóÚúäóì ãóÚóåõ Ãóíú áóãú íõäóÒøöáú ÍõÌøóÉð ãõÕóÇÍöÈóÉð áóåõ¡ æóåöíó ãõÕóÇÍóÈóÉõ ÇáúÍõÌøóÉö áöáúãõÏøóÚöí æóåöíó ãõÕóÇÍóÈóÉñ ãóÌóÇÒöíøóÉñ æóíóÌõæÒõ Ãóäú íóßõæäó ÇáúÈóÇÁõ ÈöãóÚúäóì Úóáóì áöáöÇÓúÊöÚúáóÇÁö ÇáúãóÌóÇÒöíøö Úóáóì ÍóÏøö Þóæúáöåö ÊóÚóÇáóì: ãóäú Åöäú ÊóÃúãóäúåõ
ÈöÞöäúØÇÑò
[Âá ÚãÑóÇä: 75] Ãóíú ÓõáúØóÇäðÇ Úóáóíúåö¡ Ãóíú ÏóáöíáðÇ. æóÖóãöíÑõ (Èöåö) ÚóÇÆöÏñ Åöáóì (ãóÇ) æóåõæó ÇáÑøóÇÈöØõ áöáÕøöáóÉö. ÝóãóÚúäóì äóÝúíö ÊóäúÒöíáö ÇáúÍõÌøóÉö Úóáóì ÇáÔøõÑóßóÇÁö: äóÝöíõ ÇáúÍõÌøóÉö ÇáÏøóÇáøóÉö Úóáóì ÅöËúÈóÇÊö ÕöÝóÉö ÇáÔøóÑößóÉö ãóÚó Çááøóåö Ýöí ÇáúÅöáóåöíøóÉö¡ Ýóåõæó ãöäú ÊóÚúáöíÞö ÇáúÍõßúãö ÈöÇáÐøóÇÊö æóÇáúãõÑóÇÏõ æóÕúÝõåóÇ¡ ãöËúáó ÍõÑøöãóÊú Úóáóíúßõãõ ÇáúãóíúÊóÉõ Ãóíú ÃóßúáõåóÇ. æóåóÐöåö ÇáÕøöáóÉõ ãõÄúÐöäóÉñ ÈöÊóÎúØöÆóÉö ÇáúãõÔúÑößöíäó¡ æóäóÝúíö ãóÚúÐöÑóÊöåöãú Ýöí ÇáúÅöÔúÑóÇßö¡ ÈöÃóäøóåõ áóÇ Ïóáöíáó íõÔúÊóÈóåõ Úóáóì ÇáäøóÇÓö Ýöí ÚóÏóãö ÇÓúÊöÍúÞóÇÞö ÇáúÃóÕúäóÇãö ÇáúÚöÈóÇÏóÉó¡ ÝóÚóÑøóÝó ÇáÔøõÑóßóÇÁó ÇáúãóÒúÚõæãöíäó ÊóÚúÑöíÝðÇ áöØóÑöíÞö ÇáÑøóÓúãö ÈöÃóäøó ÎóÇÕøóÊóåõãú: Ãóäú áóÇ ÓõáúØóÇäó Úóáóì ÔóÑößóÊöåöãú áöáøóåö Ýöí ÇáúÅöáóåöíøóÉö¡ Ýóßõáøõ Õóäóãò ãöäú ÃóÕúäóÇãöåöãú æóÇÖöÍóÉñ Ýöíåö åóÐöåö ÇáúÎóÇÕøóÉõ¡ ÝóÅöäøó ÇáúãóæúÕõæáó æóÕöáóÊóåõ ãöäú ØõÑõÞö ÇáÊøóÚúÑöíÝö¡ æóáóíúÓó Ðóáößó ßóÇáúæóÕúÝö¡ æóáóíúÓó áöáúãóæúÕõæáö æóÕöáóÊöåö ãóÝúåõæãõ ãõÎóÇáóÝóÉò¡ æóáóÇ ÇáúãóæúÕõæáóÇÊõ ãóÚúÏõæÏóÉñ Ýöí ÕöíóÛö ÇáúãóÝóÇåöíãö¡ ÝóáóÇ íóÊøóÌöåõ ãóÇ ÃóæúÑóÏóåõ ÇáúÝóÎúÑõ ãöäú Ãóäú íóÞõæáó ÞóÇÆöáñ: åóÐóÇ íõæåöãõ Ãóäøó ãöäú Èóíúäö ÇáÔøöÑúßö ãóÇ ÃóäúÒóáó Çááøóåõ Èöåö ÓõáúØóÇäðÇ æóÇÍúÊöíóÇÌõåõ Åöáóì ÏóÝúÚö åóÐóÇ ÇáúÅöíåóÇãö¡ æóáóÇ ãóÇ ÞóÝøóÇåõ Úóáóíúåö ÕóÇÍöÈõ «ÇáöÇäúÊöÕóÇÝö» ãöäú ÊóäúÙöíÑö äóÝúíö ÇáÓøõáúØóÇäö Ýöí åóÐöåö ÇáúÂíóÉö ÈöäóÍúæö Þóæúáö ÇãúÑöÆö ÇáúÞóíúÓö:
Úáì áóÇ ÍÈ áóÇ íõåúÊóÏóì ÈöãóäóÇÑöåö(8-È/101)
æóáößõáøö ÃõãøóÉò ÃóÌóáñ ÝóÅöÐóÇ ÌóÇÁó ÃóÌóáõåõãú áóÇ íóÓúÊóÃúÎöÑõæäó ÓóÇÚóÉð æóáóÇ íóÓúÊóÞúÏöãõæäó (34)
æóáóÇ íóÊøóÌöåõ ãóÇ äóÍóÇåõ ÕóÇÍöÈõ «ÇáúßóÔøóÇÝö» ãöäú ÅöÌúÑóÇÁö åóÐöåö ÇáÕøöáóÉö Úóáóì ØóÑöíÞóÉö ÇáÊøóåóßøõãö.
æóÞóæúáõåõ: æóÃóäú ÊóÞõæáõæÇ Úóáóì Çááøóåö ãóÇ áóÇ ÊóÚúáóãõæäó ÊóÞóÏøóãó äóÙöíÑõåõ ÂäöÝðÇ ÚöäúÏó Þóæúáöåö ÊóÚóÇáóì¡ Ýöí åóÐöåö ÇáÓøõæÑóÉö: Þõáú Åöäøó Çááøóåó áóÇ íóÃúãõÑõ ÈöÇáúÝóÍúÔÇÁö ÃóÊóÞõæáõæäó Úóáóì Çááøóåö ãóÇ áóÇ ÊóÚúáóãõæäó [ÇáúÃóÚúÑóÇÝ: 28] .
æóÞóÏú ÌóãóÚóÊú åóÐöåö ÇáúÂíóÉõ ÃóÕõæáó ÃóÍúæóÇáö Ãóåúáö ÇáúÌóÇåöáöíøóÉö ÝöíãóÇ ÊóáóÈøóÓõæÇ Èöåö ãöäó ÇáúÝóæóÇÍöÔö æóÇáúÂËóÇãö¡ æóåõãú íóÒúÚõãõæäó Ãóäøóåõãú íóÊóæóÑøóÚõæäó Úóäö ÇáØøóæóÇÝö Ýöí ÇáËøöíóÇÈö¡ æóÚóäú Ãóßúáö ÈóÚúÖö ÇáØøóíøöÈóÇÊö Ýöí ÇáúÍóÌøö. æóåóÐóÇ ãöäú äóÇÍöíóÉö Þóæúáå ÊóÚóÇáóì: íóÓúÆóáõæäóßó Úóäö ÇáÔøóåúÑö ÇáúÍóÑÇãö ÞöÊÇáò Ýöíåö Þõáú ÞöÊÇáñ Ýöíåö ßóÈöíÑñ æóÕóÏøñ Úóäú ÓóÈöíáö Çááøóåö æóßõÝúÑñ Èöåö æóÇáúãóÓúÌöÏö ÇáúÍóÑÇãö æóÅöÎúÑÇÌõ Ãóåúáöåö ãöäúåõ ÃóßúÈóÑõ ÚöäúÏó Çááøóåö æóÇáúÝöÊúäóÉõ ÃóßúÈóÑõ ãöäó ÇáúÞóÊúáö [ÇáúÈóÞóÑóÉ: 217] .
[34]
[ÓõæÑóÉ ÇáúÃóÚúÑóÇÝ (7) : ÂíóÉ 34]
æóáößõáøö ÃõãøóÉò ÃóÌóáñ ÝóÅöÐÇ ÌÇÁó ÃóÌóáõåõãú áóÇ íóÓúÊóÃúÎöÑõæäó ÓÇÚóÉð æóáÇ íóÓúÊóÞúÏöãõæäó (34)
ÇÚúÊöÑóÇÖñ Èóíúäó ÌõãúáóÉö: íóÇ Èóäöí ÂÏóãó ÎõÐõæÇ ÒöíäóÊóßõãú [ÇáúÃóÚúÑóÇÝ: 31] æóÈóíúäó ÌõãúáóÉö: íóÇ Èóäöí ÂÏóãó ÅöãøóÇ íóÃúÊöíóäøóßõãú ÑõÓõáñ ãöäúßõãú [ÇáúÃóÚúÑóÇÝ: 35] áóãøóÇ äóÚóì Çááøóåõ Úóáóì ÇáúãõÔúÑößöíäó ÖóáóÇáóåõãú æóÊóãóÑøõÏóåõãú.
ÈóÚúÏó Ãóäú ÏóÚóÇåõãú Åöáóì ÇáúÅöíãóÇäö¡ æóÅöÚúÑóÇÖóåõãú Úóäúåõ¡ ÈöÇáúãõÌóÇÏóáóÉö æóÇáÊøóæúÈöíÎö æóÅöÙúåóÇÑö äóÞóÇÆöÕöåöãú ÈöÇáúÍõÌøóÉö ÇáúÈóíøöäóÉö¡ æóßóÇäó ÍóÇáõåõãú ÍóÇáó ãóäú áóÇ íõÞúáöÚõ ÚóãøóÇ åõãú Ýöíåö¡ ÃóÚúÞóÈó Ðóáößó ÈöÅöäúÐóÇÑöåöãú æóæóÚöíÏöåöãú ÅöÞóÇãóÉð áöáúÍõÌøóÉö Úóáóíúåöãú æóÅöÚúÐóÇÑðÇ áóåõãú ÞóÈúáó Íõáõæáö ÇáúÚóÐóÇÈö Èöåöãú.
æóåóÐöåö ÇáúÌõãúáóÉõ ÊõÄóßøöÏõ ÇáúÛóÑóÖó ãöäú ÌõãúáóÉö: æóßóãú ãöäú ÞóÑúíóÉò ÃóåúáóßúäÇåÇ [ÇáúÃóÚúÑóÇÝ: 4] æóÊóÍúÊóãöáõ ãóÚúäóíóíúäö:
ÃóÍóÏõåõãóÇ: Ãóäú íóßõæäó ÇáúãóÞúÕõæÏõ ÈöåóÐóÇ ÇáúÎóÈóÑö ÇáúãõÔúÑößöíäó¡ ÈöÃóäú ÃóÞúÈóáó Çááøóåõ Úóáóì ÎöØóÇÈöåöãú Ãóæ ÃóãÑ äÈíÆå ÈöÃóäú íõÎóÇØöÈóåõãú¡ áöÃóäøó åóÐóÇ ÇáúÎöØóÇÈó ÎöØóÇÈõ æóÚöíÏò æóÅöäúÐóÇÑò.(8-È/102)
æóÇáúãóÚúäóì ÇáËøóÇäöí: Ãóäú íóßõæäó ÇáúãóÞúÕõæÏõ ÈÇáúÎÈÑ ÇáäÈíÁ Õóáøóì Çááåõ Úóáóíúåö æóÓóáøóãó¡ Ýóíóßõæäõ æóÚúÏðÇ áóåõ ÈöÇáäøóÕúÑö Úóáóì ãõßóÐøöÈöíåö¡ æóÅöÚúáóÇãðÇ áóåõ ÈöÃóäøó ÓõäøóÊóåõ ÓõäøóÉõ ÛóíúÑöåö ãöäó ÇáÑøõÓõáö ÈöØóÑöíÞóÉö ÌóÚúáö ÓõäøóÉö ÃõãøóÊöåö ßóÓõäøóÉö ÛóíúÑöåóÇ ãöäó ÇáúÃõãóãö.
æóÐößúÑõ Úõãõæãö ÇáúÃõãóãö Ýöí åóÐóÇ ÇáúæóÚöíÏö¡ ãóÚó Ãóäøó ÇáúãóÞúÕõæÏó åõãõ ÇáúãõÔúÑößõæäó ãöäó ÇáúÚóÑóÈö ÇáøóÐöíäó áóãú íõÄúãöäõæÇ¡ ÅöäøóãóÇ åõæó ãõÈóÇáóÛóÉñ Ýöí ÇáúÅöäúÐóÇÑö æóÇáúæóÚöíÏö ÈöÊóÞúÑöíÈö ÍõÕõæáöåö ßóãóÇ ÍóÕóáó áöÛóíúÑöåöãú ãöäó ÇáúÃõãóãö Úóáóì ØóÑöíÞóÉö ÇáöÇÓúÊöÔúåóÇÏö ÈöÔóæóÇåöÏö ÇáÊøóÇÑöíÎö Ýöí ÞöíóÇÓö ÇáúÍóÇÖöÑö Úóáóì ÇáúãóÇÖöí Ýóíóßõæäõ ÇáúæóÚöíÏõ ÎóÈóÑðÇ ãóÚúÖõæÏðÇ ÈöÇáÏøóáöíáö æóÇáúÍõÌøóÉö¡ ßóãóÇ ÞóÇáó ÊóÚóÇáóì Ýöí ÂíóÇÊò ßóËöíÑóÉò ãöäúåóÇ: ÞóÏú ÎóáóÊú ãöäú ÞóÈúáößõãú Óõäóäñ ÝóÓöíÑõæÇ Ýöí ÇáúÃóÑúÖö ÝóÇäúÙõÑæÇ ßóíúÝó ßÇäó ÚÇÞöÈóÉõ ÇáúãõßóÐøöÈöíäó [Âá ÚãÑóÇä: 137] Ãóíú: ãóÇ ÃóäúÊõãú ÅöáøóÇ ÃõãøóÉñ ãöäó ÇáúÃõãóãö ÇáúãõßóÐøöÈöíäó æóáößõáøö ÃõãøóÉò ÃóÌúáñ ÝóÃóäúÊõãú áóßõãú ÃóÌúáñ ÓóíóÍöíäõ Íöíäõåõ.
æóÐößúÑõ ÇáúÃóÌóáö åõäóÇ¡ Ïõæäó Ãóäú íóÞõæáó áößõáøö ÃõãøóÉò ÚóÐóÇÈñ Ãóæö ÇÓúÊöÆúÕóÇáñ¡ ÅöíÞóÇÙðÇ áöÚõÞõæáöåöãú ãöäú Ãóäú íóÛõÑøóåõãõ ÇáúÅöãúåóÇáõ ÝóíóÍúÓóÈõæÇ Ãóäøó Çááøóåó ÛóíúÑõ ãõÄóÇÎöÐöåöãú Úóáóì ÊóßúÐöíÈöåöãú¡ ßóãóÇ ÞóÇáõæÇ: Çááøóåõãøó Åöäú ßÇäó åóÐóÇ åõæó ÇáúÍóÞøó ãöäú ÚöäúÏößó ÝóÃóãúØöÑú ÚóáóíúäÇ ÍöÌÇÑóÉð ãöäó ÇáÓøóãÇÁö Ãóæö ÇÆúÊöäÇ ÈöÚóÐÇÈò Ãóáöíãò [ÇáúÃóäúÝóÇá: 32] ¡ æóØóãúÃóäóÉð áöáÑøóÓõæáö Úóáóíúåö ÇáÕøóáóÇÉõ æóÇáÓøóáóÇãõ ÈöÃóäøó ÊóÃúÎöíÑó ÇáúÚóÐóÇÈö Úóäúåõãú ÅöäøóãóÇ åõæó ÌóÑúíñ Úóáóì ÚóÇÏóÉö Çááøóåö ÊóÚóÇáóì Ýöí ÅöãúåóÇáö ÇáÙøóÇáöãöíäó Úóáóì ÍóÏøö Þóæúáöåö: ÍóÊøóì ÅöÐóÇ ÇÓúÊóíúÃóÓó ÇáÑøõÓõáõ æóÙóäøõæÇ Ãóäøóåõãú ÞóÏú ßõÐöÈõæÇ ÌÇÁóåõãú äóÕúÑõäÇ [íõæÓõÝ: 110]- æóÞóæúáöåö- áóÇ íóÛõÑøóäøóßó ÊóÞóáøõÈõ ÇáøóÐöíäó ßóÝóÑõæÇ Ýöí ÇáúÈöáÇÏö ãóÊÇÚñ Þóáöíáñ [Âá ÚãÑóÇä: 196¡ 197] .
æóãóÚúäóì: áößõáøö ÃõãøóÉò ÃóÌóáñ áößõáøö ÃõãøóÉò ãõßóÐøöÈóÉò ÅöãúåóÇáñ ÝóÍõÐöÝó æóÕúÝõ ÃõãøóÉò Ãóíú: ãõßóÐøöÈóÉò.
æóÌõÚöáó áöÐóáößó ÇáÒøóãóÇäö äöåóÇíóÉñ æóåöíó ÇáúæóÞúÊõ ÇáúãóÖúÑõæÈõ áöÇäúÞöÖóÇÁö ÇáúÅöãúåóÇáö¡ ÝóÇáúÃóÌóáõ íõØúáóÞõ Úóáóì ãõÏøóÉö ÇáúÅöãúåóÇáö¡ æóíõØúáóÞõ Úóáóì ÇáúæóÞúÊö ÇáúãõÍóÏøóÏö Èöåö ÇäúÊöåóÇÁõ ÇáúÅöãúåóÇáö¡ æóáóÇ Ôóßøó Ãóäøóåõ æõÖöÚó áöÃóÍóÏö ÇáúÃóãúÑóíúäö Ëõãøó ÇÓúÊÚúãá Ýöí ÇáúÂÎöÑóÉ Úóáóì ÊóÃúæöíáö ãõäúÊóåóì ÇáúãõÏøóÉö Ãóæú ÊóÃúÎöíÑö ÇáúãõäúÊóåóì æóÔóÇÚó ÇáöÇÓúÊöÚúãóÇáóÇäö. ÝóÚóáóì ÇáúÃóæøóáö íõÞóÇáõ ÞóÖóì ÇáúÃóÌóáó Ãóíö ÇáúãõÏøóÉó ßóãóÇ ÞóÇáó ÊóÚóÇáóì: ÃóíøóãóÇ ÇáúÃóÌóáóíúäö ÞóÖóíúÊõ [ÇáúÞóÕóÕ: 28] æóÚóáóì ÇáËøóÇäöí íõÞóÇáõ: «ÏóäóÇ(8-È/103)
ÃóÌóáõ ÝõáóÇäò» æóÞóæúáõåõ ÊóÚóÇáóì: æóÈóáóÛúäÇ ÃóÌóáóäóÇ
ÇáøóÐöí ÃóÌøóáúÊó áóäÇ
[ÇáúÃóäúÚóÇã: 128] æóÇáúæóÇÞöÚõ Ýöí åóÐöåö ÇáúÂíóÉö íóÕöÍøõ áöáöÇÓúÊöÚúãóÇáóíúäö ÈöÃóäú íóßõæäó ÇáúãõÑóÇÏõ ÈöÇáúÃóÌóáö ÇáúÃóæøóáö ÇáúãõÏøóÉó¡ æóÈöÇáËøóÇäöí ÇáúæóÞúÊó ÇáúãõÍóÏøóÏó áöÝöÚúáò ãóÇ.
æóÇáúãõÑóÇÏõ ÈöÇáúÃõãøóÉö åõäóÇ ÇáúÌóãóÇÚóÉõ ÇáøóÊöí ÇÔúÊóÑóßóÊú Ýöí ÚóÞöíÏóÉö ÇáúÅöÔúÑóÇßö Ãóæú Ýöí ÊóßúÐöíÈö ÇáÑøõÓõáö¡ ßóãóÇ íóÏõáøõ Úóáóíúåö ÇáÓøöíóÇÞõ ãöäú Þóæúáöåö ÊóÚóÇáóì: æóÃóäú ÊõÔúÑößõæÇ ÈöÇááøóåö [ÇáúÃóÚúÑóÇÝ: 33] ÅöáóÎú æóáóíúÓó ÇáúãõÑóÇÏõ ÈöÇáúÃõãøóÉö¡ ÇáúÌóãóÇÚóÉó ÇáøóÊöí íóÌúãóÚõåóÇ äóÓóÈñ Ãóæú áõÛóÉñ ÅöÐú áóÇ íõÊóÕóæøóÑõ ÇäúÞöÑóÇÖõåóÇ Úóäú ÈóßóÑóÉö ÃóÈöíåóÇ¡ æóáóãú íóÞóÚú Ýöí ÇáÊøóÇÑöíÎö ÇäúÞöÑóÇÖõ ÅöÍúÏóÇåóÇ¡ æóÅöäøóãóÇ æóÞóÚó Ýöí ÈóÚúÖö ÇáúÃõãóãö Ãóäö ÇäúÞóÑóÖó ÛóÇáöÈõ ÑöÌóÇáöåóÇ ÈöÍóæóÇÏöËó ÚóÙöíãóÉò ãöËúáó (ØóÓúãò) æó (ÌóÏöíÓò) æó (ÚóÏúæóÇäó) ÝóÊóäúÏóãöÌõ ÈóÞóÇíóÇåóÇ Ýöí Ãõãóãò ÃõÎúÑóì ãõÌóÇæöÑóÉò áóåóÇ ÝóáóÇ íõÞóÇáõ áöÃõãøóÉò Åöäøó áóåóÇ ÃóÌóáðÇ ÊóäúÞóÑöÖõ Ýöíåö¡ ÅöáøóÇ ÈöãóÚúäóì ÌóãóÇÚóÉò íóÌúãóÚõåóÇ ÃóäøóåóÇ ãõÑúÓóáñ ÅöáóíúåóÇ ÑóÓõæáñ ÝóßóÐøóÈóÊúåõ¡ æóßóÐóáößó ßóÇäó ãóÇ ÕÏÞ åóÐöåö ÇáúÂíóÉö¡ ÝóÅöäøó ÇáúÚóÑóÈó áóãøóÇ ÃÑÓá ãÍãøÏ Õóáøóì Çááåõ Úóáóíúåö æóÓóáøóãó ÇÈúÊóÏóÃó ÏóÚúæóÊóåõ Ýöíåöãú æóáóåõãú¡ ÝóÂãóäó Èöåö ãóäú Âãóäó¡ æóÊóáóÇÍóÞó ÇáúãõÄúãöäõæäó ÃóÝúæóÇÌðÇ¡ æóßóÐøóÈó Èöåö Ãóåúáõ ãóßøóÉó æóÊóÈöÚóåõãú ãóäú Íóæúáóåõãú¡ æóÃóãúåóáó Çááøóåõ ÇáúÚóÑóÈó ÈöÍößúãóÊöåö æÈÑÍãÉ äÈíøå
Õóáøóì Çááåõ Úóáóíúåö æóÓóáøóãó ÅöÐú ÞóÇáó: «áóÚóáøó Çááøóåó Ãóäú íõÎúÑöÌó ãöäú ÃóÕúáóÇÈöåöãú ãóäú íóÚúÈõÏõåõ»
ÝóáóØóÝó Çááøóåõ Èöåöãú ÅöÐú ÌóÚóáóåõãú ãõÎúÊóáöØöíäó ãõÄúãöäóåõãú æóãõÔúÑößóåõãú¡ Ëõãøó åóÇÌóÑó ÇáúãõÄúãöäõæäó ÝóÈóÞöíóÊú ãóßøóÉõ ÏóÇÑó ÔöÑúßò æóÊóãóÍøóÖó ãóäú Úóáöãó Çááøóåõ Ãóäøóåõãú áóÇ íõÄúãöäõæäó ÝóÃóÑúÓóáó Çááøóåõ Úóáóíúåöãú ÚöÈóÇÏóåõ ÇáúãõÄúãöäöíäó ÝóÇÓúÊóÃúÕóáõæåõãú ÝóæúÌðÇ ÈóÚúÏó ÝóæúÌò¡ Ýöí íóæúãö ÈóÏúÑò æóãóÇ ÈóÚúÏóåõ ãöäú ÃóíøóÇãö ÇáúÅöÓúáóÇãö¡ Åöáóì Ãóäú Êóãøó ÇÓúÊöÆúÕóÇáõ Ãóåúáö ÇáÔøöÑúßö ÈöÞóÊúáö ÈóÞöíøóÉö ãóäú ÞõÊöáó ãöäúåõãú Ýöí ÛóÒúæóÉö ÇáúÝóÊúÍö¡ ãöËúáó ÚóÈúÏö Çááøóåö Èúäö ÎóØóáò æóãóäú ÞõÊöáó ãóÚóåõ¡ ÝóáóãøóÇ ÝõÊöÍóÊú ãóßøóÉõ ÏóÇäó ÇáúÚóÑóÈõ áöáúÅöÓúáóÇãö æóÇäúÞóÑóÖó Ãóåúáõ ÇáÔøöÑúßö¡ æóáóãú ÊóÞõãú áöáÔøöÑúßö ÞóÇÆöãóÉñ ÈóÚúÏó Ðóáößó¡ æóÃóÙúåóÑó Çááøóåõ ÚöäóÇíóÊóåõ ÈöÇáúÃõãøóÉö ÇáúÚóÑóÈöíøóÉö ÅöÐú ßóÇäóÊú ãöäú Ãóæøóáö ÏóÚúæóÉö ÇáÑøóÓõæáö ÛóíúÑó ãõÊóãóÍøöÖóÉò áöáÔøöÑúßö¡ Èóáú ßóÇäó ÝöíåóÇ ãõÓúáöãõæäó ãöäú Ãóæøóáö íóæúã ÇáÏøÚæÉ¡ æóãóÇ ÒóÇáõæÇ íóÊóÒóÇíóÏõæäó.
æóáóíúÓó ÇáúãõÑóÇÏõ Ýöí ÇáúÂíóÉö¡ ÈöÃóÌóáö ÇáúÃõãøóÉö¡ ÃóÌóáó ÃóÝúÑóÇÏöåóÇ¡ æóåõæó ãõÏøóÉõ ÍóíóÇÉö ßõáøö æóÇÍöÏò ãöäúåóÇ¡ áöÃóäøóåõ áóÇ ÚóáóÇÞóÉó áóåõ ÈöÇáÓøöíóÇÞö¡ æóáöÃóäøó ÅöÓúäóÇÏóåõ Åöáóì ÇáúÃõãøóÉö íõÚóíøöäõ(8-È/104)
Ãóäøóåõ ÃóÌóáõ ãóÌúãõæÚöåóÇ áóÇ ÃóÝúÑóÇÏöåóÇ¡ æóáóæú ÃõÑöíÏó ÂÌóÇáõ ÇáúÃóÝúÑóÇÏö áóÞóÇáó áößõáøö ÃóÍóÏò Ãóæú áößõáøö Íóíøò ÃóÌóáñ.
æóÅöÐÇ ÙóÑúÝõ ÒóãóÇäò áöáúãõÓúÊóÞúÈóáö Ýöí ÇáúÛóÇáöÈö¡ æóÊóÊóÖóãøóäõ ãóÚúäóì ÇáÔøóÑúØö ÛóÇáöÈðÇ¡ áöÃóäøó ãóÚóÇäöíó ÇáÙøõÑõæÝö ÞóÑöíÈóÉñ ãöäú ãóÚóÇäöí ÇáÔøóÑúØö áöãóÇ ÝöíåóÇ ãöäó ÇáÊøóÚúáöíÞö¡ æóÞóÏö ÇÓúÊõÛúäöíó ÈöÝóÇÁö ÊóÝúÑöíÚö ÚóÇãöáö ÇáÙøóÑúÝö åõäóÇ Úóäö ÇáúÅöÊúíóÇäö ÈöÇáúÝóÇÁö Ýöí ÌóæóÇÈö (ÅöÐóÇ) áöÙõåõæÑö ãóÚúäóì ÇáÑøóÈúØö æóÇáÊøóÚúáöíÞö ÈöãóÌúãõæÚö ÇáÙøóÑúÝöíøóÉö æóÇáÊøóÝúÑöíÚö¡ æóÇáúãõÝóÑøóÚõ åõæó: ÌÇÁó ÃóÌóáõåõãú æóÅöäøóãóÇ ÞõÏøöãó ÇáÙøóÑúÝõ Úóáóì ÚóÇãöáöåö áöáöÇåúÊöãóÇãö Èöåö áöíóÊóÃóßøóÏó ÈöÐóáößó ÇáÊøóÞúÏöíãö ãóÚúäóì ÇáÊøóÚúáöíÞö. æóÇáúãóÌöíÁõ ãóÌóÇÒñ Ýöí ÇáúÍõáõæáö ÇáúãõÞóÏøóÑö áóåõ ßóÞóæúáöåöãú ÌóÇÁó ÇáÔøöÊóÇÁõ.
æóÅöÝúÑóÇÏõ ÇáúÃóÌóáö Ýöí Þóæúáå: ÝóÅöÐÇ ÌÇÁó ÃóÌóáõåõãú ãõÑóÇÚðì Ýöíåö ÇáúÌöäúÓõ¡ ÇáÕøóÇÏöÞõ ÈöÇáúßóËöíÑö¡
ÈöÞóÑöíäóÉö ÅöÖóÇÝóÊöåö Åöáóì ÖóãöíÑö ÇáúÌóãúÚö.
æóÃõÙúåöÑó áóÝúÙõ ÃóÌóáò Ýöí Þóæúáå: ÝóÅöÐÇ ÌÇÁó ÃóÌóáõåõãú æóáóãú íõßúÊóÝó ÈöÖóãöíÑöåö áöÒöíóÇÏóÉö ÊóÞúÑöíÑö ÇáúÍõßúãö Úóáóíúåö¡ æóáöÊóßõæäó åóÐöåö ÇáúÌõãúáóÉõ ãõÓúÊóÞöáøóÉð ÈöäóÝúÓöåóÇ ÛíÑ ãÊæÞøÝÉ Úóä ÓóãóÇÚö ÛóíúÑöåóÇ áöÃóäøóåóÇ ÈöÍóíúËõ ÊóÌúÑöí ãóÌúÑóì ÇáúãóËóáö¡ æóÅöÑúÓóÇáõ ÇáúßóáóÇãö ÇáÕøóÇáöÍö áöÃóäú íóßõæäó ãóËóáðÇ ØóÑöíÞñ ãöäú ØõÑõÞö ÇáúÈóáóÇÛóÉö.
æíóÓúÊóÃúÎöÑõæäó: æíóÓúÊóÞúÏöãõæäó ÈöãóÚúäóì: íóÊóÃóÎøóÑõæäó æóíóÊóÞóÏøóãõæäó¡ ÝóÇáÓøöíäõ æóÇáÊøóÇÁõ ÝöíåöãóÇ áöáÊøóÃúßöíÏö ãöËúáó ÇÓúÊóÌóÇÈó.
æóÇáúãóÚúäóì: Åöäøóåõãú áóÇ íóÊóÌóÇæóÒõæäóåõ ÈöÊóÃúÎöíÑò æóáóÇ íóÊóÚóÌøóáõæäóåõ ÈöÊóÞúÏöíãò. æóÇáúãóÞúÕõæÏõ Ãóäøóåõãú áóÇ íõÄóÎøóÑõæäó Úóäúåõ¡ ÝóÚóØúÝõ æóáÇ íóÓúÊóÞúÏöãõæäó áöÈóíóÇäö Ãóäøó ãóÇ Úóáöãóåõ Çááøóåõ æóÞóÏøóÑóåõ Úóáóì æóÝúÞö Úöáúãöåö áóÇ íóÞúÏöÑõ ÃóÍóÏñ Úóáóì ÊóÛúíöíÑöåö æóÕóÑúÝöåö¡ ÝóßóÇäó Þóæúáõåõ: æóáÇ íóÓúÊóÞúÏöãõæäó áóÇ ÊóÚóáøõÞó áóåõ ÈöÛóÑóÖö ÇáÊøóåúÏöíÏö.
æóÞóÑöíÈñ ãöäú åóÐóÇ Þóæúáõ ÃóÈöí ÇáÔøöíÕö:
æóÞóÝó Çáúåóæóì Èöí ÍóíúËõ ÃóäúÊö ÝóáóíúÓó áöí ... ãõÊóÃóÎøóÑñ Úóäúåõ æóáóÇ ãõÊóÞóÏøóãõ(8-È/105)
íóÇ Èóäöí ÂÏóãó ÅöãøóÇ íóÃúÊöíóäøóßõãú ÑõÓõáñ ãöäúßõãú íóÞõÕøõæäó Úóáóíúßõãú ÂíóÇÊöí Ýóãóäö ÇÊøóÞóì æóÃóÕúáóÍó ÝóáóÇ ÎóæúÝñ Úóáóíúåöãú æóáóÇ åõãú íóÍúÒóäõæäó (35) æóÇáøóÐöíäó ßóÐøóÈõæÇ ÈöÂíóÇÊöäóÇ æóÇÓúÊóßúÈóÑõæÇ ÚóäúåóÇ ÃõæáóÆößó ÃóÕúÍóÇÈõ ÇáäøóÇÑö åõãú ÝöíåóÇ ÎóÇáöÏõæäó (36)
æóßõáøõ Ðóáößó ãóÈúäöíøñ Úóáóì ÊóãúËöíáö ÍóÇáóÉö ÇáøóÐöí áóÇ íóÓúÊóØöíÚõ ÇáÊøóÎóáøõÕó ãöäú æóÚöíÏò Ãóæú äóÍúæöåö ÈöåóíúÆóÉö ãóäö ÇÍúÊõÈöÓó ÈöãóßóÇäò áóÇ íóÓúÊóØöíÚõ ÊóÌóÇæõÒóåõ Åöáóì ÇáúÃóãóÇãö æóáóÇ Åöáóì ÇáæÑÇÁ.
[35¡ 36]
[ÓõæÑóÉ ÇáúÃóÚúÑóÇÝ (7) : ÇáúÂíóÇÊ 35 Åöáóì 36]
íóÇ Èóäöí ÂÏóãó ÅöãøóÇ íóÃúÊöíóäøóßõãú ÑõÓõáñ ãöäúßõãú íóÞõÕøõæäó Úóáóíúßõãú ÂíÇÊöí Ýóãóäö ÇÊøóÞì æóÃóÕúáóÍó ÝóáÇ ÎóæúÝñ Úóáóíúåöãú æóáÇ åõãú íóÍúÒóäõæäó (35) æóÇáøóÐöíäó ßóÐøóÈõæÇ ÈöÂíÇÊöäÇ æóÇÓúÊóßúÈóÑõæÇ ÚóäúåÇ ÃõæáÆößó ÃóÕúÍÇÈõ ÇáäøóÇÑö åõãú ÝöíåÇ ÎÇáöÏõæäó (36)
íóÌöíÁõ Ýöí ãóæúÞöÚö åóÐöåö ÇáúÌõãúáóÉö: ãöäó ÇáÊøóÃúæöíáö¡ ãóÇ ÊÞÏøã Ýöí ÇáúÞóæúáö Ýöí äóÙöíÑóÊöåóÇ æóåöíó Þóæúáõåõ ÊóÚóÇáóì: íóÇ Èóäöí ÂÏóãó ÞóÏú ÃóäúÒóáúäÇ Úóáóíúßõãú áöÈÇÓÇð íõæÇÑöí ÓóæúÂÊößõãú [ÇáúÃóÚúÑóÇÝ: 26] .
æóÇáÊøóÃúæöíáõ ÇáøóÐöí ÇÓúÊóÙúåóÑúäóÇ Èöåö åõäóÇáößó íóÈúÏõæ Ýöí åóÐöåö ÇáäøóÙöíÑóÉö ÇáÑøóÇÈöÚóÉö ÃóæúÖóÍó. æóÕöíÛóÉõ ÇáúÌóãúÚö Ýöí Þóæúáöåö: ÑõÓõáñ- æóÞóæúáöåö- íóÞõÕøõæäó ÊóÞúÊóÖöí ÊóæóÞøõÚó ãóÌöíÁö ÚöÏøóÉö ÑõÓõáò¡ æóÐóáößó ãõäúÊóÝò ÈóÚúÏó ÈöÚúËóÉö ÇáÑøóÓõæáö ÇáúÎóÇÊöãö áöáÑøõÓõáö ÇáúÍóÇÔöÑö ÇáúÚóÇÞöÈö Úóáóíúåö ÇáÕøóáóÇÉõ æóÇáÓøóáóÇãõ¡ ÝóÐóáößó íóÊóÃóßøóÏõ Ãóäú íóßõæäó åóÐóÇ ÇáúÎöØóÇÈõ áöÈóäöí ÂÏóãó ÇáúÍóÇÖöÑöíäó æóÞúÊó äõÒõæáö ÇáúÞõÑúÂäö¡ æóíõÑóÌøöÍõ Ãóäú Êßæä åóÐöå ÇáäøÏÇÂÊ ÇáúÃóÑúÈóÚóÉõ ÍößóÇíóÉð áöÞóæúáò ãõæóÌøóåò Åöáóì Èóäöí ÂÏóãó ÇáúÃóæøóáöíäó ÇáøóÐöí Ãóæøóáõåõ: ÞÇáó ÝöíåÇ ÊóÍúíóæúäó æóÝöíåÇ ÊóãõæÊõæäó æóãöäúåÇ ÊõÎúÑóÌõæäó [ÇáúÃóÚúÑóÇÝ: 25] .
ÞóÇáó ÇÈúäõ ÚóØöíøóÉó: «æóßóÃóäøó åóÐóÇ ÎöØóÇÈñ áöÌóãöíÚö ÇáúÃõãóãö¡ ÞóÏöíãöåóÇ æóÍóÏöíËöåóÇ¡ åõæó ãõÊóãóßøöäñ áóåõãú¡
æóãõÊóÍóÕøöáñ ãöäúåõ áÍÇÖÑí ãÍãøÏ Õóáøóì Çááåõ Úóáóíúåö æóÓóáøóãó Ãóäøó åóÐóÇ Íõßúãõ Çááøóåö Ýöí ÇáúÚóÇáóãö ãõäúÐõ ÃóäúÔóÃóåõ» íõÑöíÏõ Ãóäøó Çááøóåó ÃóÈúáóÛó ÇáäøóÇÓó åóÐóÇ ÇáúÎöØóÇÈó Úóáóì áöÓóÇäö ßõáøö äóÈöíÁò¡ ãöäú ÂÏóãó Åöáóì åóáõãøó ÌóÑøðÇ¡ ÝóãóÇ ãöäú äóÈöíÁò Ãóæú ÑóÓõæáò ÅöáøóÇ æóÈóáøóÛóåõ ÃõãøóÊóåõ¡(8-È/106)
æóÃóãóÑóåóãú ÈöÃóäú íõÈóáøöÛó ÇáÔøóÇåöÏõ ãöäúåõãõ ÇáúÛóÇÆöÈó¡ ÍóÊøóì äóÒóáó Ýöí ÇáúÞõÑúÂäö Úáì ãÍãøÏ Õóáøóì Çááåõ Úóáóíúåö æóÓóáøóãó ÝóÚóáöãóÊú ÃõãøóÊõåõ ÃóäøóåóÇ ãóÔúãõæáóÉñ Ýöí Úõãõæãö Èóäöí ÂÏóãó.
æóÅöÐóÇ ßóÇäó Ðóáößó ãõÊóÚóíøöäðÇ Ýöí åóÐöåö ÇáúÂíóÉö Ãóæú ßóÇáúãõÊóÚóíøöäö ÊóÚóíøóäó ÇÚúÊöÈóÇÑõ ãöËúáöåö Ýöí äóÙóÇÆöÑöåóÇ ÇáËøóáóÇËö ÇáúãóÇÖöíóÉö¡ ÝóÔõÏøó Èöåö íóÏóßó. æóáóÇ ÊóÚúÈóÃú Èöãóäú ÍóÑóÏóßó.
ÝóÃóãøóÇ ÅöÐóÇ ÌõÚöáó ÇáúÎöØóÇÈõ Ýöí åóÐöåö ÇáúÂíóÉö ãõæóÌøóåðÇ Åöáóì ÇáúãõÔúÑößöíäó Ýöí Òóãóäö ÇáäøõÒõæáö¡ ÈöÚõäúæóÇäö ßóæúäöåöãú ãöäú Èóäöí ÂÏóãó¡ ÝóåõäóÇáößó íóÊóÚóíøóäõ ÕóÑúÝõ ãóÚúäóì ÇáÔøóÑúØö Åöáóì ãóÇ íóÃúÊöí ãöäó ÇáÒøóãóÇäö ÈóÚúÏó äõÒõæáö ÇáúÂíóÉö áöÃóäøó ÇáÔøóÑúØó íóÞúÊóÖöí ÇáöÇÓúÊöÞúÈóÇáó ÛóÇáöÈðÇ. ßóÃóäøóåõ Þöíáó Åöäú ÝóÇÊóßõãõ ÇÊøöÈóÇÚõ ãóÇ ÃõäúÒöáó Åöáóíúßõãú ÝöíãóÇ ãóÖóì áóÇ íóÝõÊúßõãú ÝöíãóÇ ÈóÞöíó¡ æóíóÊóÚóíøóäõ ÊóÃúæöíáõ íóÃúÊöíóäøóßõãú ÈöãóÚúäóì íóÏúÚõæóäøóßõãú¡ æóíóÊóÚóíøóäõ ÌóÚúáõ ÌóãúÚö ÇáÑøõÓõáö Úóáóì ÅöÑóÇÏóÉö ÑóÓõæáò æóÇÍöÏò¡ ÊóÚúÙöíãðÇ áóåõ¡ ßóãóÇ Ýöí Þóæúáöåö ÊóÚóÇáóì: æóÞóæúãó äõæÍò áóãøóÇ ßóÐøóÈõæÇ ÇáÑøõÓõáó ÃóÛúÑóÞúäÇåõãú [ÇáúÝÑúÞóÇä: 37] Ãóíú ßóÐøóÈõæÇ ÑóÓõæáóåõ äõæÍðÇ¡ æóÞóæúáöåö: ßóÐøóÈóÊú Þóæúãõ äõæÍò ÇáúãõÑúÓóáöíäó [ÇáÔøõÚóÑóÇÁ: 105] æóáóåõ äóÙóÇÆöÑõ ßóËöíÑóÉñ Ýöí ÇáúÞõÑúÂäö.
æóåóÐöåö ÇáúÂíóÉõ¡ æóÇáøóÊöí ÈóÚúÏóåóÇ ãõÊøóÕöáóÊóÇ ÇáúãóÚúäóì ÈöãóÖúãõæäö Þóæúáöåö ÊóÚóÇáóì Ýöí Ãóæøóáö ÇáÓøõæÑóÉö:
æóßóãú ãöäú ÞóÑúíóÉò ÃóåúáóßúäÇåÇ [ÇáúÃóÚúÑóÇÝ: 4] ÇáúÂíóÉó ÇÊøöÕóÇáó ÇáÊøóÝúÕöíáö ÈöÅöÌúãóÇáöåö.
ÃóßøóÏó Èöåö ÊóÍúÐöíÑóåõãú ãöäú ßóíúÏö ÇáÔøóíúØóÇäö æóÝõÊõæäöåö¡ æóÃóÑóÇåõãú Èöåö ãóäóÇåöÌó ÇáÑøõÔúÏö ÇáøóÊöí ÊõÚöíäõ Úóáóì ÊóÌóäøõÈö ßóíúÏöåö¡ ÈöÏóÚúæóÉö ÇáÑøõÓõáö ÅöíøóÇåõãú Åöáóì ÇáÊøóÞúæóì æóÇáúÅöÕúáóÇÍö¡ ßóãóÇ ÃóÔóÇÑó Åöáóíúåö ÈöÞóæúáöåö¡ Ýöí ÇáúÎöØóÇÈö ÇáÓøóÇÈöÞö: íóÇ Èóäöí ÂÏóãó áóÇ íóÝúÊöäóäøóßõãõ ÇáÔøóíúØÇäõ ßóãÇ ÃóÎúÑóÌó ÃóÈóæóíúßõãú ãöäó ÇáúÌóäøóÉö [ÇáúÃóÚúÑóÇÝ:
27] æóÃóäúÈóÃóåõãú ÈöÃóäøó ÇáÔøóíúØóÇäó ÊóæóÚøóÏó äóæúÚó ÇáúÅöäúÓóÇäö ÝöíãóÇ Íßì Çááå Ýöí Þóæúáöåö: ÞÇáó ÝóÈöãÇ ÃóÛúæóíúÊóäöí áóÃóÞúÚõÏóäøó áóåõãú ÕöÑÇØóßó ÇáúãõÓúÊóÞöíãó [ÇáúÃóÚúÑóÇÝ: 16] ÇáúÂíóÉó ÝóáöÐóáößó ÍóÐøóÑó Çááøóåõ Èóäöí ÂÏóãó ãöäú ßóíúÏö ÇáÔøóíúØóÇäö¡ æóÃóÔúÚóÑóåõãú ÈöÞõæøóÉö ÇáÔøóíúØóÇäö ÈöÞóæúáöåö: Åöäøóåõ íóÑÇßõãú åõæó æóÞóÈöíáõåõ ãöäú ÍóíúËõ áóÇ ÊóÑóæúäóåõãú [ÇáúÃóÚúÑóÇÝ: 27] ÚóÓóì Ãóäú íóÊøóÎöÐõæÇ ÇáúÚõÏøóÉó áöáäøóÌóÇÉö ãöäú ãóÎóÇáöÈö ÝöÊúäóÊöåö¡ æóÃóÑúÏóÝó Ðóáößó ÈöÇáÊøóÍúÐöíÑö ãöäú ÍöÒúÈöåö æóÏõÚóÇÊöåö ÇáøóÐöíäó íóÝúÊöäõæäó ÇáúãõÄúãöäöíäó¡ Ëõãøó ÚóÒøóÒó Ðóáößó ÈöÅöÚúáóÇãöåö ÅöíøóÇåõãú Ãóäøóåõ ÃóÚóÇäóåõãú Úóáóì ÇáöÇÍúÊöÑóÇÒö(8-È/107)
ãöäó ÇáÔøóíúØóÇäö¡ ÈöÃóäú íóÈúÚóËó Åöáóíúåöãú ÞóæúãðÇ ãöäú ÍöÒúÈö Çááøóåö íõÈóáøöÛõæäóåõãú Úóäö Çááøóåö ãóÇ Ýöíåö ãóäúÌóÇÉñ áóåõãú ãöäú ßóíúÏö ÇáÔøóíóÇØöíäö¡ ÈöÞóæúáöåö: íóÇ Èóäöí ÂÏóãó ÅöãøóÇ íóÃúÊöíóäøóßõãú ÑõÓõáñ ãöäúßõãú ÇáúÂíóÉó ÝóÃóæúÕóÇåõãú ÈöÊóÕúÏöíÞöåöãú æóÇáöÇãúÊöËóÇáö áóåõãú.
æÅöãøóÇ ãõÑóßøóÈóÉñ ãöäú (Åöä) ÇáÔøÑØíøÉ æ (ãóÇ) ÇáÒøóÇÆöÏóÉö ÇáúãõÄóßøöÏóÉö áöãóÚúäóì ÇáÔøÑØíÉ¡ æÇÕØáÍ
ÃÆãøÉ ÑóÓúãö ÇáúÎóØøö Úóáóì ßöÊóÇÈóÊöåóÇ Ýöí ÕõæÑóÉö ßóáöãóÉò æóÇÍöÏóÉò¡ ÑóÚúíðÇ áöÍóÇáóÉö ÇáäøõØúÞö ÈöåóÇ ÈöÅöÏúÛóÇãö Çáäøõæäö Ýöí Çáúãöíãö¡ æóÇáúÃóÙúåóÑõ ÃóäøóåóÇ ÊõÝöíÏõ ãóÚó ÇáÊøóÃúßöíÏö Úõãõæãó ÇáÔøóÑúØö ãöËúáõ ÃóÎóæóÇÊöåóÇ (ãóåúãóÇ) æó (ÃóíúäóãóÇ) ¡ ÝóÅöÐóÇ ÇÞúÊóÑóäóÊú ÈöÅöäö ÇáÔøóÑúØöíøóÉö ÇÞúÊóÑóäóÊú äõæäõ ÇáÊøóæúßöíÏö ÈöÝöÚúáö ÇáÔøóÑúØö ßóÞóæúáöåö ÊóÚóÇáóì: ÝóÅöãøóÇ ÊóÑóíöäøó ãöäó ÇáúÈóÔóÑö ÃóÍóÏÇð ÝóÞõæáöí ÓõæÑóÉó ãóÑúíóãó [26] áöÃóäøó ÇáÊøóæúßöíÏó ÇáÔøóÑúØöíøó íõÔúÈöåõ ÇáúÞóÓóãó¡ æóåóÐóÇ ÇáöÇÞúÊöÑóÇäõ ÈöÇáäøõæäö ÛóÇáöÈñ¡ æóáöÃóäøóåóÇ áóãøóÇ æóÞóÚóÊú ÊóæúßöíÏðÇ áöáÔøóÑúØö ÊóäóÒøóáóÊú ãöäú ÃóÏóÇÉö ÇáÔøóÑúØö ãóäúÒöáóÉó ÌõÒúÁö ÇáúßóáöãóÉö.
æóÞóæúáõåõ: ãöäúßõãú Ãóíú ãöäú Èóäöí ÂÏóãó¡ æóåóÐóÇ ÊóäúÈöíåñ áöÈóäöí ÂÏóãó ÈöÃóäøóåõãú áóÇ íóÊóÑóÞøóÈõæäó Ãóäú ÊóÌöíÆóåõãú ÑõÓõáõ Çááøóåö ãöäó ÇáúãóáóÇÆößóÉö áöÃóäøó ÇáúãõÑúÓóáó íóßõæäõ ãöäú ÌöäúÓö ãóäú ÃõÑúÓöáó Åöáóíúåöãú¡ æóÝöí åóÐóÇ ÊóÚúÑöíÖñ ÈöÇáúÌóåóáóÉö ãöäó ÇáúÃõãóãö ÇáøóÐöíäó ÃóäúßóÑõæÇ ÑöÓóÇáóÉó ÇáÑøõÓõáö áöÃóäøóåõãú ãöäú ÌöäúÓöåöãú¡ ãöËúáõ Þóæúãö äõæÍò¡ ÅöÐú ÞóÇáõæÇ:
ãóÇ äóÑÇßó ÅöáøóÇ ÈóÔóÑÇð ãöËúáóäÇ [åæÏ: 27] æóãöËúáõ ÇáúãõÔúÑößöíäó ãöäú Ãóåúáö ãóßøóÉó ÅöÐú ßóÐøóÈõæÇ ÑöÓóÇáóÉ ãÍãøÏ Õóáøóì Çááåõ Úóáóíúåö æóÓóáøóãó ÈöÃóäøóåõ ÈóÔóÑñ ÞóÇáó ÊóÚóÇáóì: æóãÇ ãóäóÚó ÇáäøóÇÓó Ãóäú íõÄúãöäõæÇ ÅöÐú ÌÇÁóåõãõ ÇáúåõÏì ÅöáøóÇ Ãóäú ÞÇáõæÇ ÃóÈóÚóËó Çááøóåõ ÈóÔóÑÇð ÑóÓõæáðÇ Þõáú áóæú ßÇäó Ýöí ÇáúÃóÑúÖö ãóáÇÆößóÉñ íóãúÔõæäó ãõØúãóÆöäøöíäó áóäóÒøóáúäÇ Úóáóíúåöãú ãöäó ÇáÓøóãÇÁö ãóáóßÇð ÑóÓõæáðÇ [ÇáúÅöÓúÑóÇÁ: 94¡ 95] .
æóãóÚúäóì íóÞõÕøõæäó Úóáóíúßõãú ÂíÇÊöí íóÊúáõæäóåóÇ æóíóÍúßõæäóåóÇ æóíóÌõæÒõ Ãóäú íóßõæäó ÈöãóÚúäóì íõÊúÈöÚõæäó ÇáúÂíóÉó ÈöÃõÎúÑóì æóíóÌõæÒõ Ãóäú íóßõæäó ÈöãóÚúäóì íõÙúåöÑõæäó æóßõáøõåóÇ ãóÚóÇäò ãóÌóÇÒöíøóÉñ áöáúÞóÕøö áöÃóäøó ÍóÞöíÞóÉó ÇáúÞóÕøö åöíó Ãóäøó ÃóÕúáó ÇáúÞóÕóÕö ÅöÊúÈóÇÚõ ÇáúÍóÏöíËö ãöäó ÇÞúÊöÕóÇÕö ÃóËóÑö ÇáúÃóÑúÌõáö æóÇÊøöÈóÇÚöåö áöÊõÚúÑóÝó ÌöåóÉõ ÇáúãóÇÔöí¡ ÝóÚóáóì ÇáúãóÚúäóì ÇáúÃóæøóáö Ýóåõæó ßóÞóæúáöåö Ýöí ÇáúÂíóÉö ÇáúÃõÎúÑóì: Ãóáóãú íóÃúÊößõãú ÑõÓõáñ ãöäúßõãú íóÊúáõæäó Úóáóíúßõãú ÂíÇÊö ÑóÈøößõãú [ÇáÒãÑ: 71] æóÃóíøðÇ ãóÇ ßóÇäó Ýóåõæó ãõÍúÊóãóáñ áöáúÍóãúáö Úóáóì ÌóãöíÚöåóÇ ãöäó ÇÓúÊöÚúãóÇáö ÇááøóÝúÙö Ýöí ãóÌóÇÒóíúåö.(8-È/108)
ÇáúÂíóÉõ ÃóÕúáõåóÇ ÇáúÚóáóÇãóÉõ ÇáÏøóÇáøóÉõ Úóáóì ÔóíúÁò¡ ãöäú Þóæúáò Ãóæú ÝöÚúáò¡ æóÂíóÇÊõ Çááøóåö ÇáÏøóáóÇÆöáõ ÇáøóÊöí ÌóÚóáóåóÇ ÏóÇáøóÉð Úóáóì æõÌõæÏöåö¡ Ãóæú Úóáóì ÕöÝóÇÊöåö¡ Ãóæú Úóáóì ÕöÏúÞö ÑõÓõáöåö¡ ßóãóÇ ÊóÞóÏøóãó ÚöäúÏó Þóæúáöåö ÊóÚóÇáóì:
æóÇáøóÐöíäó ßóÝóÑõæÇ æóßóÐøóÈõæÇ ÈöÂíÇÊöäÇ Ýöí ÓõæÑóÉö ÇáúÈóÞóÑóÉö [39] ¡ æóÞóæúáöåö ÊóÚóÇáóì: æóÞÇáõæÇ áóæúáÇ äõÒøöáó Úóáóíúåö ÂíóÉñ ãöäú ÑóÈøöåö Ýöí ÓõæÑóÉö ÇáúÃóäúÚóÇãö [37] ¡ æóãöäúåõ ÂíóÇÊõ ÇáúÞõÑúÂäö ÇáøóÊöí ÌóÚóáóåóÇ Çááøóåõ ÏóáóÇáóÉð Úóáóì ãõÑóÇÏöåö áöáäøóÇÓö¡ áöáÊøóÚúÑöíÖö ÈöÇáúãõÔúÑößöíäó ãöäó ÇáúÚóÑóÈö¡ ÇáøóÐöíäó ÃóäúßóÑõæÇ ÑöÓóÇáóÉ ãÍãøÏ Õóáøóì Çááåõ Úóáóíúåö æóÓóáøóãó. æóæóÌúåõ ÏóáóÇáóÉö ÇáúÂíóÇÊö Úóáóì Ðóáößó ÅöãøóÇ áöÃóäøóåóÇ ÌóÇÁóÊú Úóáóì äóÙúãò íóÚúÌöÒõ ÇáúÈóÔóÑõ Úóäú ÊóÃúáöíÝö ãöËúáöåö¡ æóÐóáößó ãöäú ÎóÕóÇÆöÕö ÇáúÞõÑúÂäö¡ æóÅöãøóÇ áöÃóäøóåóÇ ÊóÔúÊóãöáõ Úóáóì ÃóÍúßóÇãò æóãóÚóÇäò áóÇ ÞöÈóáó áöÛóíúÑö Çááøóåö æóÑóÓõæáöåö ÈöÅöÏúÑóÇßö ãöËúáöåóÇ¡ Ãóæú áöÃóäøóåóÇ ÊóÏúÚõæ Åöáóì ÕóáóÇÍò áóãú íóÚúåóÏúåõ ÇáäøóÇÓõ. ÝóíóÏõáøõ ãóÇ ÇÔúÊóãóáóÊú Úóáóíúåö Úóáóì Ãóäøóåõ ãöãøóÇ ÃóÑóÇÏóåõ Çááøóåõ áöáäøóÇÓö¡ ãöËúáó ÈóÞöíøóÉö ÇáúßõÊõÈö ÇáøóÊöí ÌóÇÁóÊú ÈöåóÇ ÇáÑøõÓõáõ¡ æóÅöãøóÇ áöÃóäøóåóÇ ÞóÇÑóäóÊúåóÇ ÃõãõæÑñ ÎóÇÑöÞóÉñ
áöáúÚóÇÏóÉö ÊóÍóÏøóì ÈöåóÇ ÇáÑøóÓõæáõ ÇáúãõÑúÓóáõ ÈöÊöáúßó ÇáúÃóÞúæóÇáö ÃõãøóÊóåõ¡ ÝóåóÐóÇ ãóÚúäóì ÊóÓúãöíóÊöåóÇ ÂíóÇÊò¡ æóãóÚúäóì ÅöÖóÇÝóÊöåóÇ Åöáóì Çááøóåö ÊóÚóÇáóì¡ æóíóÌõæÒõ Ãóäú íóßõæäó ÇáúãõÑóÇÏõ ÈöÇáúÂíóÇÊö ãóÇ íóÔúãóáõ ÇáúãõÚúÌöÒóÇÊö ÛóíúÑó ÇáúÞóæúáöíøóÉö¡ ãöËúáó äóÈúÚö ÇáúãóÇÁö ãöäú Èóíúäö ÃóÕóÇÈöÚ ãÍãøÏ Õóáøóì Çááåõ Úóáóíúåö æóÓóáøóãó æóãöËúáó ÞóáúÈö ÇáúÚóÕóÇ ÍóíøóÉð áöãõæÓóì Úóáóíúåö ÇáÓøóáóÇãõ. æóÅöÈúÑóÇÁö ÇáúÃóßúãóåö áöÚöíÓóì Úóáóíúåö ÇáÓøóáóÇãõ¡ æóãóÚúäóì ÇáÊøóßúÐöíÈö ÈöåóÇ ÇáúÚöäóÇÏõ ÈöÅöäúßóÇÑöåóÇ æóÌóÍúÏöåóÇ.
æóÌõãúáóÉõ: Ýóãóäö ÇÊøóÞì æóÃóÕúáóÍó ÌóæóÇÈõ ÇáÔøóÑúØö æóÈóíúäóåóÇ æóÈóíúäó ÌõãúáóÉö: ÅöãøóÇ íóÃúÊöíóäøóßõãú ãóÍúÐõæÝñ ÊóÞúÏöíÑõåõ: ÝóÇÊøóÞóì ãöäúßõãú ÝóÑöíÞñ æóßóÐøóÈó ÝóÑöíÞñ Ýóãóäö ÇÊøóÞì ÅöáóÎú¡ æóåóÐöåö ÇáúÌõãúáóÉõ ÔóÑúØöíøóÉñ ÃóíúÖðÇ¡ æóÌóæóÇÈõåóÇ ÝóáÇ ÎóæúÝñ Úóáóíúåöãú¡ Ãóíú Ýóãóäö ÇÊøóÈóÚó ÑõÓõáöí ÝóÇÊøóÞóÇäöí æóÃóÕúáóÍó äóÝúÓóåõ æóÚóãóáóåõ ÝóáóÇ ÎóæúÝñ Úóáóíúåöãú æóáóÇ åõãú íóÍúÒóäõæäó¡ æóáóãøóÇ ßóÇäó ÅöÊúíóÇäõ ÇáÑøõÓõáö ÝóÇÆöÏóÊõåõ áöÅöÕúáóÇÍö ÇáäøóÇÓö¡ áóÇ áöäóÝúÚö ÇáÑøõÓõáö¡ ÚóÏóáó Úóäú ÌóÚúáö ÇáúÌóæóÇÈö ÇÊøöÈóÇÚó ÇáÑøõÓõáö Åöáóì ÌóÚúáöåö ÇáÊøóÞúæóì æóÇáÕøóáóÇÍó. ÅöíãóÇÁð Åöáóì ÍößúãóÉö ÅöÑúÓóÇáö ÇáÑøõÓõáö¡ æóÊóÍúÑöíÖðÇ Úóáóì ÇÊøöÈóÇÚöåöãú ÈöÃóäøó ÝóÇÆöÏóÊóåõ áöáúÃõãóãö áóÇ áöáÑøõÓõáö¡ ßóãóÇ ÞóÇáó ÔõÚóíúÈñ: æóãÇ ÃõÑöíÏõ Ãóäú ÃõÎÇáöÝóßõãú Åöáì ãóÇ ÃóäúåÇßõãú Úóäúåõ Åöäú ÃõÑöíÏõ ÅöáøóÇ ÇáúÅöÕúáÇÍó ãóÇ ÇÓúÊóØóÚúÊõ [åæÏ: 88] ¡ Ãóíú áóÇ ÎóæúÝñ Úóáóíúåöãú ãöäú ÚõÞõæÈóÉö Çááøóåö Ýöí ÇáÏøõäúíóÇ æóÇáúÂÎöÑóÉö æóáóÇ åõãú íóÍúÒóäõæäó ãöäú ÔóíúÁò(8-È/109)
ãöäú Ðóáößó¡ ÝóÇáúÎóæúÝõ æóÇáúÍõÒúäõ ÇáúãóäúÝöíøóÇäö åõãóÇ ãóÇ íõæÌöÈõåõ ÇáúÚöÞóÇÈõ¡ æóÞóÏú íóäúÊóÝöí Úóäúåõãõ ÇáúÎóæúÝõ æóÇáúÍõÒúäõ ãõØúáóÞðÇ ÈöãöÞúÏóÇÑö ÞõæøóÉö ÇáÊøóÞúæóì æóÇáÕøóáóÇÍö¡ æóåóÐóÇ ãöäó ÇáúÃóÓúÑóÇÑö ÇáøóÊöí Èóíúäó Çááøóåö æóÚöÈóÇÏöåö ÇáÕøóÇáöÍöíäó¡ æóãöËúáõåõ Þóæúáõåõ ÊóÚóÇáóì:
ÃóáÇ Åöäøó ÃóæúáöíÇÁó Çááøóåö áóÇ ÎóæúÝñ Úóáóíúåöãú æóáÇ åõãú íóÍúÒóäõæäó ÇáøóÐöíäó ÂãóäõæÇ æóßÇäõæÇ íóÊøóÞõæäó áóåõãõ ÇáúÈõÔúÑì Ýöí ÇáúÍóíÇÉö ÇáÏøõäúíÇ æóÝöí ÇáúÂÎöÑóÉö [íõæäõÓ: 62- 64] .
æóÞóÏú äõÝöíó ÇáúÎóæúÝõ äóÝúíó ÇáúÌöäúÓö ÈöáóÇ ÇáäøóÇÝöíóÉö áóåõ¡ æóÌöíÁó ÈöÇÓúãöåóÇ ãóÑúÝõæÚðÇ áöÃóäøó ÇáÑøóÝúÚó íõÓóÇæöí ÇáúÈöäóÇÁó Úóáóì ÇáúÝóÊúÍö Ýöí ãöËúáö åóÐóÇ¡ áöÃóäøó ÇáúÎóæúÝó ãöäó ÇáúÃóÌúäóÇÓö ÇáúãóÚúäóæöíøóÉö ÇáøóÊöí áóÇ íõÊóæóåøóãõ Ýöí äóÝúíöåóÇ Ãóäú íóßõæäó ÇáúãõÑóÇÏõ äóÝúíó ÇáúÝóÑúÏö ÇáúæóÇÍöÏö¡ æóáóæú ÝõÊöÍó ãöËúáõåõ áóÕóÍøó¡ æóãöäúåõ Þóæúáõ ÇáÑøóÇÈöÚóÉö ãöäú äöÓóÇÁö ÍóÏöíËö Ãõãøö ÒóÑúÚò: «ÒóæúÌöí ßóáóíúáö ÊöåóÇãóÉó¡ áóÇ ÍóÑøñ æóáóÇ ÞóÑøñ æóáóÇ ãóÎóÇÝóÉõ æóáóÇ ÓóÆóÇãóÉõ» ÝóÞóÏú Ñõæöíó ÈöÇáÑøóÝúÚö æóÈöÇáúÝóÊúÍö.
æó (Úóáóì) Ýöí Þóæúáöåö: ÝóáÇ ÎóæúÝñ Úóáóíúåöãú áöáöÇÓúÊöÚúáóÇÁö ÇáúãóÌóÇÒöíøö¡ æóåõæó ÇáúãõÞóÇÑóäóÉõ æóÇáúãõáóÇÒóãóÉõ¡ Ãóíú áóÇ ÎóæúÝñ íóäóÇáõåõãú.
æóÞóæúáõåõ: æóáÇ åõãú íóÍúÒóäõæäó ÌõãúáóÉñ ÚõØöÝóÊú Úóáóì ÌõãúáóÉö: ÝóáÇ ÎóæúÝñ Úóáóíúåöãú¡ æóÚóÏóáó Úóäú ÚóØúÝö ÇáúãõÝúÑóÏö¡ ÈöÃóäú íõÞóÇáó æóáóÇ ÍõÒúäñ¡ Åöáóì ÇáúÌõãúáóÉö: áöíóÊóÃóÊøóì ÈöÐóáößó ÈöäóÇÁõ ÇáúãõÓúäóÏö ÇáúÝöÚúáöíøö Úóáóì ÖóãöíÑöåöãú¡ ÝóíóÏõáøõ Úóáóì Ãóäøó ÇáúÍõÒúäó æóÇÞöÚñ ÈöÛóíúÑöåöãú¡ æóåõãõ ÇáøóÐöíäó ßóÝóÑõæÇ. ÝóÅöäøó ÈöäóÇÁó ÇáúÎóÈóÑö ÇáúÝöÚúáöíøö Úóáóì ÇáúãõÓúäóÏö Åöáóíúåö ÇáúãõÊóÞóÏøöãõ Úóáóíúåö íõÝöíÏõ ÊóÎúÕöíÕó ÇáúãõÓúäóÏö Åöáóíúåö ÈöÐóáößó ÇáúÎóÈóÑö¡ äóÍúæó: ãóÇ ÃóäóÇ ÞõáúÊõ
åóÐóÇ¡ ÝóÅöäøóåõ äóÝúíõ ÕõÏõæÑö ÇáúÞóæúáö ãöäó ÇáúãõÊóßóáøöãö ãóÚó ßóæúäö ÇáúÞóæúáö æóÇÞöÚðÇ ãöäú ÛóíúÑöåö¡ æóÚóáóíúåö ÈóíúÊõ «ÏóáóÇÆöáö ÇáúÅöÚúÌóÇÒö» ¡ (æóåõæó áöáúãõÊóäóÈøöí) :
æóãóÇ ÃóäóÇ ÃóÓúÞóãúÊõ ÌöÓúãöí Èöåö ... æóáóÇ ÃóäóÇ ÃóÖúÑóãúÊõ Ýöí ÇáúÞóáúÈö äóÇÑðÇ
ÝóíõÝöíÏõ Ãóäøó ÇáøóÐöíäó ßóÝóÑõæÇ íóÍúÒóäõæäó ÅöÝóÇÏóÉð ÈöØóÑöíÞö ÇáúãóÝúåõæãö¡ áöíóßõæäó ßóÇáúãõÞóÏøöãóÉö áöáúÎóÈóÑö Úóäúåõãú ÈóÚúÏó Ðóáößó ÈöÃóäøóåõãú ÃóÕúÍóÇÈõ ÇáäøóÇÑö åõãú ÝöíåóÇ ÎóÇáöÏõæäó.(8-È/110)
Ýóãóäú ÃóÙúáóãõ ãöãøóäö ÇÝúÊóÑóì Úóáóì Çááøóåö ßóÐöÈðÇ Ãóæú ßóÐøóÈó ÈöÂíóÇÊöåö ÃõæáóÆößó íóäóÇáõåõãú äóÕöíÈõåõãú ãöäó ÇáúßöÊóÇÈö ÍóÊøóì ÅöÐóÇ ÌóÇÁóÊúåõãú ÑõÓõáõäóÇ íóÊóæóÝøóæúäóåõãú ÞóÇáõæÇ Ãóíúäó ãóÇ ßõäúÊõãú ÊóÏúÚõæäó ãöäú Ïõæäö Çááøóåö ÞóÇáõæÇ ÖóáøõæÇ ÚóäøóÇ æóÔóåöÏõæÇ Úóáóì ÃóäúÝõÓöåöãú Ãóäøóåõãú ßóÇäõæÇ ßóÇÝöÑöíäó (37) ÞóÇáó ÇÏúÎõáõæÇ Ýöí Ãõãóãò ÞóÏú ÎóáóÊú ãöäú ÞóÈúáößõãú ãöäó ÇáúÌöäøö æóÇáúÅöäúÓö Ýöí ÇáäøóÇÑö ßõáøóãóÇ ÏóÎóáóÊú ÃõãøóÉñ áóÚóäóÊú ÃõÎúÊóåóÇ ÍóÊøóì ÅöÐóÇ ÇÏøóÇÑóßõæÇ ÝöíåóÇ ÌóãöíÚðÇ ÞóÇáóÊú ÃõÎúÑóÇåõãú áöÃõæáóÇåõãú ÑóÈøóäóÇ åóÄõáóÇÁö ÃóÖóáøõæäóÇ ÝóÂÊöåöãú ÚóÐóÇÈðÇ ÖöÚúÝðÇ ãöäó ÇáäøóÇÑö ÞóÇáó áößõáøò ÖöÚúÝñ æóáóßöäú áóÇ ÊóÚúáóãõæäó (38) æóÞóÇáóÊú ÃõæáóÇåõãú áöÃõÎúÑóÇåõãú ÝóãóÇ ßóÇäó áóßõãú ÚóáóíúäóÇ ãöäú ÝóÖúáò ÝóÐõæÞõæÇ ÇáúÚóÐóÇÈó ÈöãóÇ ßõäúÊõãú ÊóßúÓöÈõæäó (39)
æóÌõãúáóÉõ: æóÇáøóÐöíäó ßóÐøóÈõæÇ ÈöÂíÇÊöäÇ æóÇÓúÊóßúÈóÑõæÇ ÚóäúåÇ ÃõæáÆößó ÃóÕúÍÇÈõ ÇáäøóÇÑö ãóÚúØõæÝóÉñ Úóáóì ÌõãúáóÉö Ýóãóäö ÇÊøóÞì æóÃóÕúáóÍó. æóÇáÑøóÇÈöØõ ãóÍúÐõæÝñ ÊóÞúÏöíÑõåõ: æóÇáøóÐöíäó ßóÝóÑõæÇ ãöäúßõãú æóßóÐøóÈõæÇ.
æóÇáöÇÓúÊößúÈóÇÑõ ãõÈóÇáóÛóÉñ Ýöí ÇáÊøóßóÈøõÑö¡ ÝóÇáÓøöíäõ æóÇáÊøóÇÁõ áöáúãõÈóÇáóÛóÉö. æóåõæó Ãóäú íõÚöÏøó ÇáúãóÑúÁõ äóÝúÓóåõ ßóÈöíÑðÇ Ãóíú ÚóÙöíãðÇ æóãóÇ åõæó Èöåö¡ ÝÇáÓøíä æóÇáÊøóÇÁ áÚÏ æóÇáúÍõÓúÈóÇäö¡ æóßöáóÇ ÇáúÃóãúÑóíúäö íõÄúÐöäõ ÈöÅöÝúÑóÇØöåöãú Ýöí Ðóáößó æóÃóäøóåõãú ÚóÏóæúÇ ÞóÏúÑóåõãú.
æóÖõãøöäó ÇáöÇÓúÊößúÈóÇÑõ ãóÚúäóì ÇáúÅöÚúÑóÇÖö. ÝóÚõáøöÞó Èöåö ÖóãöíÑõ ÇáúÂíóÇÊö. æóÇáúãóÚúäóì: æóÇÓúÊóßúÈóÑõæÇ ÝóÃóÚúÑóÖõæÇ ÚóäúåóÇ.
æóÃóÝóÇÏó ÊóÍúÞöíÞõ Ãóäøóåõãú ÕóÇÆöÑõæäó Åöáóì ÇáäøóÇÑö ÈöØóÑöíÞö ÞóÕúÑö ãõáóÇÒóãóÉö ÇáäøóÇÑö Úóáóíúåöãú Ýöí Þóæúáöåö:
ÃõæáÆößó ÃóÕúÍÇÈõ ÇáäøóÇÑö áöÃóäøó áóÝúÙó ÃóÕúÍóÇÈõ ãõÄúÐöäñ ÈöÇáúãõáóÇÒóãóÉö. æóÈöãóÇ ÊóÏõáøõ Úóáóíúåö ÇáúÌõãúáóÉõ ÇáöÇÓúãöíøóÉõ ãöäó ÇáÏøóæóÇãö æóÇáËøóÈóÇÊö Ýöí Þóæúáöåö: åõãú ÝöíåÇ ÎÇáöÏõæäó.
[37- 39]
[ÓõæÑóÉ ÇáúÃóÚúÑóÇÝ (7) : ÇáúÂíóÇÊ 37 Çáì 39]
Ýóãóäú ÃóÙúáóãõ ãöãøóäö ÇÝúÊóÑì Úóáóì Çááøóåö ßóÐöÈÇð Ãóæú ßóÐøóÈó ÈöÂíÇÊöåö ÃõæáÆößó íóäÇáõåõãú äóÕöíÈõåõãú ãöäó ÇáúßöÊÇÈö ÍóÊøóì ÅöÐÇ ÌÇÁóÊúåõãú ÑõÓõáõäÇ íóÊóæóÝøóæúäóåõãú ÞÇáõæÇ Ãóíúäó ãóÇ ßõäúÊõãú ÊóÏúÚõæäó ãöäú Ïõæäö Çááøóåö ÞÇáõæÇ ÖóáøõæÇ ÚóäøóÇ æóÔóåöÏõæÇ Úóáì ÃóäúÝõÓöåöãú Ãóäøóåõãú ßÇäõæÇ ßÇÝöÑöíäó (37) ÞÇáó ÇÏúÎõáõæÇ Ýöí Ãõãóãò ÞóÏú ÎóáóÊú ãöäú ÞóÈúáößõãú ãöäó ÇáúÌöäøö æóÇáúÅöäúÓö Ýöí ÇáäøóÇÑö ßõáøóãÇ ÏóÎóáóÊú ÃõãøóÉñ áóÚóäóÊú ÃõÎúÊóåÇ ÍóÊøóì ÅöÐóÇ ÇÏøóÇÑóßõæÇ ÝöíåÇ ÌóãöíÚÇð ÞÇáóÊú ÃõÎúÑÇåõãú áöÃõæáÇåõãú ÑóÈøóäÇ åÄõáÇÁö ÃóÖóáøõæäÇ ÝóÂÊöåöãú ÚóÐÇÈÇð ÖöÚúÝÇð ãöäó ÇáäøóÇÑö ÞÇáó áößõáøò ÖöÚúÝñ æóáßöäú áóÇ ÊóÚúáóãõæäó (38) æóÞÇáóÊú ÃõæáÇåõãú áöÃõÎúÑÇåõãú ÝóãÇ ßÇäó áóßõãú ÚóáóíúäÇ ãöäú ÝóÖúáò ÝóÐõæÞõæÇ ÇáúÚóÐÇÈó ÈöãÇ ßõäúÊõãú ÊóßúÓöÈõæäó (39)
Ýóãóäú ÃóÙúáóãõ ãöãøóäö ÇÝúÊóÑì Úóáóì Çááøóåö ßóÐöÈÇð Ãóæú ßóÐøóÈó ÈöÂíÇÊöåö ÃõæáÆößó íóäÇáõåõãú äóÕöíÈõåõãú ãöäó ÇáúßöÊÇÈö ÍóÊøóì ÅöÐÇ ÌÇÁóÊúåõãú ÑõÓõáõäÇ íóÊóæóÝøóæúäóåõãú ÞÇáõæÇ Ãóíúäó ãóÇ ßõäúÊõãú ÊóÏúÚõæäó ãöäú Ïõæäö Çááøóåö ÞÇáõæÇ ÖóáøõæÇ ÚóäøóÇ æóÔóåöÏõæÇ Úóáì ÃóäúÝõÓöåöãú Ãóäøóåõãú ßÇäõæÇ ßÇÝöÑöíäó (37) ÞÇáó ÇÏúÎõáõæÇ Ýöí Ãõãóãò ÞóÏú ÎóáóÊú ãöäú ÞóÈúáößõãú ãöäó ÇáúÌöäøö æóÇáúÅöäúÓö Ýöí ÇáäøóÇÑö.
ÇáúÝóÇÁõ áöáÊøóÝúÑöíÚö Úóáóì ÌõãúáóÉö ÇáúßóáóÇãö ÇáÓøóÇÈöÞö¡ æóåóÐöåö ßóÇáúÝóÐúáóßóÉö áöãóÇ ÊóÞóÏøóãó áöÊõÈóíøöäó Ãóäøó ÕöÝóÇÊö ÇáÖøóáóÇáö¡ ÇáøóÊöí ÃõÈúåöãó ÃóÕúÍóÇÈåóÇ¡ åöíó ÌÇÝÉ ÈöÇáúãõÔúÑößöíäó ÇáúãõßóÐøöÈöíäó(8-È/111)
ÈöÑöÓóÇáóÉö ãõÍóãøóÏò Úóáóíúåö ÇáÕøóáóÇÉõ æóÇáÓøóáóÇãõ ÝóÅöäøó Çááøóåó ÐóßóÑó ÃóæúáöíóÇÁó ÇáÔøóíóÇØöíäö æóÈóÚúÖó ÕöÝóÇÊöåöãú ÈöÞóæúáöåö: ÅöäøóÇ ÌóÚóáúäóÇ ÇáÔøóíÇØöíäó ÃóæúáöíÇÁó áöáøóÐöíäó áóÇ íõÄúãöäõæäó [ÇáúÃóÚúÑóÇÝ: 27] æóÐóßóÑó Ãóäøó Çááøóåó ÚóåöÏó áöÈóäöí ÂÏóãó ãõäúÐõ ÇáúÞöÏóãö ÈöÃóäú íóÊøóÈöÚõæÇ ãóäú íóÌöíÆõåõãú ãöäó ÇáÑøõÓõáö Úóäö Çááøóåö ÊóÚóÇáóì ÈöÂíóÇÊöåö áöíóÊøóÞõæÇ æóíõÕúáöÍõæÇ¡ æóæóÚóÏóåõãú Úóáóì ÇÊøöÈóÇÚö ãóÇ ÌóÇÁóåõã Èíäí ÇáúÎóæúÝö æóÇáúÍõÒúäö æóÃóæúÚóÏóåõãú Úóáóì ÇáÊøóßúÐöíÈö æóÇáöÇÓúÊößúÈóÇÑö ÈöÃóäú íóßõæäõæÇ ÃóÕúÍóÇÈó ÇáäøóÇÑö¡ ÝóÞóÏú ÃóÚúÐóÑó Åöáóíúåöãú æóÈóÕøóÑóåõãú ÈöÇáúÚóæóÇÞöÈö¡ ÝóÊóÝóÑøóÚó Úóáóì Ðóáößó: Ãóäøó ãóäú ßóÐóÈó Úóáóì Çááøóåö ÝóÒóÚóãó Ãóäøó Çááøóåó ÃóãóÑóåõ ÈöÇáúÝóæóÇÍöÔö¡ Ãóæú ßóÐøóÈó ÈöÂíóÇÊö Çááøóåö ÇáøóÊöí ÌóÇÁó ÈöåóÇ ÑóÓõæáõåõ¡ ÝóÞóÏú Ùóáóãó äóÝúÓóåõ ÙõáúãðÇ ÚóÙöíãðÇ ÍóÊøóì íõÓúÃóáó Úóãøóäú åõæó ÃóÙúáóãõ ãöäúåõ.
æóáóßó Ãóäú ÊóÌúÚóáó ÌõãúáóÉó: Ýóãóäú ÃóÙúáóãõ ãöãøóäö ÇÝúÊóÑì [ÇáúÃóäúÚóÇã: 144] ÅöáóÎú ãõÚúÊóÑöÖóÉð Èóíúäó ÌõãúáóÉö: ÃõæáÆößó ÃóÕúÍÇÈõ ÇáäøóÇÑö åõãú ÝöíåÇ ÎÇáöÏõæäó [ÇáúÃóÚúÑóÇÝ: 36] æóÌõãúáóÉö: ÃõæáÆößó íóäÇáõåõãú äóÕöíÈõåõãú ãöäó ÇáúßöÊÇÈö ßóãóÇ ÓóíóÃúÊöí Ýöí ãóæúÞöÚö åóÐöåö ÇáúÃóÎöíÑóÉö¡ æóÞóÏú ÊóÞóÏøóãó ÇáúßóáóÇãõ Úáì ÊÑßíÈ:
Ýóãóäú ÃóÙúáóãõ ãöãøóäö ÚöäúÏó Þóæúáöåö ÊóÚóÇáóì: æóãóäú ÃóÙúáóãõ ãöãøóäú ãóäóÚó ãóÓÇÌöÏó Çááøóåö Ãóäú íõÐúßóÑó ÝöíåóÇ ÇÓúãõåõ Ýöí ÓõæÑóÉö ÇáúÈóÞóÑóÉö [114] ¡ æóÃóäøó ÇáúÇÓúÊöÝúåóÇãó áöáúÅöäúßóÇÑö¡ Ãóíú áóÇ ÃóÍóÏó ÃóÙúáóãõ.
æóÇáöÇÝúÊöÑóÇÁõ æóÇáúßóÐöÈõ ÊóÞóÏøóãó ÇáúÞóæúáõ ÝöíåöãóÇ ÚöäúÏó Þóæúáöåö ÊóÚóÇáóì: æóáßöäøó ÇáøóÐöíäó ßóÝóÑõæÇ íóÝúÊóÑõæäó Úóáóì Çááøóåö ÇáúßóÐöÈó Ýöí ÓõæÑóÉö ÇáúÚõÞõæÏö [103] . æóáöåóÐöåö ÇáúÂíóÉö ÇÊøöÕóÇáñ ÈöÂíóÉö: æóßóãú ãöäú ÞóÑúíóÉò ÃóåúáóßúäÇåÇ [ÇáúÃóÚúÑóÇÝ: 4] ãöäú ÍóíúËõ ãóÇ ÝöíåóÇ ãöäó ÇáÊøóåúÏöíÏö ÈöæóÚöíÏö ÚóÐóÇÈö ÇáúÂÎöÑóÉö æóÊóÝúÙöíÚö ÃóåúæóÇáöåö.
æó (ãóäú) ÇÓúÊöÝúåóÇãñ ÅöäúßóÇÑöíøñ ãõÓúÊóÚúãóáñ Ýöí Êóåúæöíáö Ùõáúãö åóÐóÇ ÇáúÝóÑöíÞö¡ ÇáãÚÈøÑ Úóäåõ Èöãä ÇÝúÊóÑóì Úóáóì Çááøóåö ßóÐöÈðÇ. æó (ãóäö) ÇáËøóÇäöíóÉõ ãóæúÕõæáóÉñ¡ æóåöíó ÚóÇãøóÉñ áößõáøö ãóäú ÊóÊóÍóÞøóÞó Ýöíåö ÇáÕøöáóÉõ¡ æóÅöäøóãóÇ ßóÇäõæÇ ÃóÙúáóãó ÇáäøóÇÓö æóáóãú íóßõäú ÃóÙúáóãõ ãöäúåõãú¡ áöÃóäøó ÇáÙøõáúãó ÇÚúÊöÏóÇÁñ Úóáóì ÍóÞøò¡ æóÃóÚúÙóãõ ÇáúÍõÞõæÞö åöíó ÍõÞõæÞõ Çááøóåö ÊóÚóÇáóì¡ æóÃóÚúÙóãõ ÇáöÇÚúÊöÏóÇÁö Úóáóì ÍóÞøö Çááøóåö ÇáöÇÚúÊöÏóÇÁõ Úóáóíúåö ÈöÇáöÇÓúÊöÎúÝóÇÝö ÈöÕóÇÍöÈöåö ÇáúÚóÙöíãö¡ æóÐóáößó ÈöÃóäú íõßóÐøöÈó ÈöãóÇ ÌóÇÁóåõ ãöäú ÞöÈóáöåö¡ Ãóæú ÈöÃóäú íßÐÈ Úóáóíúåö ÞíÈáøÛ Úóäúåõ ãóÇ áóãú íóÃúãõÑú Èöåö ÝóÅöäú ÌóãóÚó Èóíúäó ÇáúÃóãúÑóíúäö ÝóÞóÏú ÚóØøóáó ãõÑóÇÏó Çááøóåö ÊóÚóÇáóì ãöäú ÌöåóÊóíúäö: ÌöåóÉö ÅöÈúØóÇáö ãóÇ íóÏõáøõ Úóáóì ãõÑóÇÏöåö¡ æóÌöåóÉö ÅöíåóÇãö ÇáäøóÇÓö ÈöÃóäøó Çááøóåó ÃóÑóÇÏó ãöäúåõãú ãóÇ áóÇ íõÑöíÏõåõ Çááøóåõ.(8-È/112)
æóÇáúãõÑóÇÏõ ÈöåóÐóÇ ÇáúÝóÑöíÞö: åõãõ ÇáúãõÔúÑößõæäó ãöäó ÇáúÚóÑóÈö¡ ÝóÅöäøóåõãú ßóÐøóÈõæÇ ÈöÂíóÇÊö Çááøóåö ÇáøóÊöí ÌóÇÁó ÈåóÇ ãÍãøÏ Õóáøóì Çááåõ Úóáóíúåö æóÓóáøóãó¡ æóÇÝúÊóÑóæúÇ Úóáóì Çááøóåö ÇáúßóÐöÈó ÝöíãóÇ ÒóÚóãõæÇ Ãóäøó Çááøóåó ÃóãóÑóåõãú Èöåö ãöäó ÇáúÝóæóÇÍöÔö¡ ßóãóÇ ÊóÞóÏøóãó ÂäöÝðÇ ÚöäúÏó Þóæúáöåö ÊóÚóÇáóì: æóÅöÐÇ ÝóÚóáõæÇ ÝÇÍöÔóÉð ÞÇáõæÇ æóÌóÏúäÇ ÚóáóíúåÇ ÂÈÇÁóäÇ [ÇáúÃóÚúÑóÇÝ: 28] .
æó (Ãóæú) ÙóÇåöÑõåóÇ ÇáÊøóÞúÓöíãõ Ýóíóßõæäõ ÇáúÃóÙúáóãõ æóåõãõ ÇáúãõÔúÑößõæäó ÝóÑöíÞóíúäö: ÝóÑöíÞñ ÇÝúÊóÑóæúÇ Úóáóì Çááøóåö ÇáúßóÐöÈó¡ æóåõãú ÓóÇÏóÉõ Ãóåúáö ÇáÔøöÑúßö æóßõÈóÑóÇÄõåõãú¡ ÇáøóÐöíäó ÔóÑóÚõæÇ áóåõãú ãöäó ÇáÏøöíäö ãóÇ áóãú íóÃúÐóäú Èöåö Çááøóåõ¡ æóäóÓóÈõæåõ Åöáóì Çááøóåö æóåõãú íóÚúáóãõæäó¡ ãöËúáõ ÚóãúÑöæ Èúäö áõÍóíøò¡ æóÃóÈöí ßóÈúÔóÉó¡ æóãóäú ÌóÇÁó ÈóÚúÏóåõãóÇ¡ æóÃóßúËóÑõ åóÐóÇ ÇáúÝóÑöíÞö ÞóÏö ÇäúÞóÑóÖõæÇ Ýöí æóÞúÊö äõÒõæáö ÇáúÂíóÉö¡ æóÝóÑöíÞñ ßóÐøóÈõæÇ ÈöÂíóÇÊò æóáóãú íóÝúÊóÑõæÇ Úóáóì Çááøóåö æóåõãú ÚóÇãøóÉõ ÇáúãõÔúÑößöíäó¡ ãöäú Ãóåúáö ãóßøóÉó æóãóÇ ÍóæúáóåóÇ¡ æóÚóáóì åóÐóÇ Ýóßõáøõ æóÇÍöÏò ãöäó ÇáúÝóÑöíÞóíúäö áóÇ ÃóÙúáóãó ãöäúåõ¡ áöÃóäøó ÇáúÝóÑöíÞó ÇáúÂÎóÑó ãõÓóÇæò áóåõ Ýöí ÇáÙøõáúãö æóáóíúÓó ÃóÙúáóãó ãöäúåõ¡ ÝóÃóãøóÇ ãóäú ÌóãóÚó Èóíúäó ÇáúÃóãúÑóíúäö ãöãøóäú áóÚóáøóåõãú Ãóäú íóßõæäõæÇ ÞóÏú ÔóÑóÚõæÇ áöáúãõÔúÑößöíäó ÃõãõæÑðÇ ãöäó ÇáÖøóáóÇáóÇÊö¡ æßÐøÈæÇ ãÍãøÏÇ Õóáøóì Çááåõ Úóáóíúåö æóÓóáøóãó¡ Ýóåõãú ÃóÔóÏøõ ÙõáúãðÇ¡ æóáóßöäøóåõãú áóãøóÇ ßóÇäõæÇ áóÇ íóÎúáõæäó Úóäö ÇáöÇäúÊöÓóÇÈö Åöáóì ßöáóÇ ÇáúÝóÑöíÞóíúäö æóÌóÇãöÚöíäó áöáúÎóÕúáóÊóíúäö áóãú íóÎúÑõÌõæÇ ãöäú ßóæúäöåöãú ãöäó ÇáúÝóÑöíÞö ÇáøóÐöíäó åõãú ÃóÙúáóãõ ÇáäøóÇÓö¡ æóåóÐóÇ ßóÞóæúáöåö: æóãóäú ÃóÙúáóãõ ãöãøóäö ÇÝúÊóÑì Úóáóì Çááøóåö ßóÐöÈÇð Ãóæú ÞÇáó ÃõæÍöíó Åöáóíøó æóáóãú íõæÍó Åöáóíúåö ÔóíúÁñ æóãóäú ÞÇáó ÓóÃõäúÒöáõ ãöËúáó ãóÇ ÃóäúÒóáó Çááøóåõ [ÇáúÃóäúÚóÇã: 93] ¡ ÝóáóÇ Ôóßøó Ãóäøó ÇáúÌóÇãöÚó Èóíúäó ÇáúÎöÕóÇáö ÇáËøóáóÇËö åõæó ÃóÙúáóãõ ãöäú ßõáøö ãóäö ÇäúÝóÑóÏó ÈöÎóÕúáóÉò ãöäúåóÇ¡ æóÐóáößó íõæÌöÈõ áóåõ ÒöíóÇÏóÉð Ýöí ÇáúÃóÙúáóãöíøóÉö¡ áöÃóäøó ßõáøó ÔöÏøóÉö æóÕúÝò ÞóÇÈöáóÉñ áöáÒøöíóÇÏóÉö.
æóáóßó Ãóäú ÊóÌúÚóáó (Ãóæú) ÈöãóÚúäóì ÇáúæóÇæö¡ Ýóíóßõæäõ ÇáúãóæúÕõæÝõ ÈöÃóäøóåõ ÃóÙúáóãõ ÇáäøóÇÓö åõæó ãóäö ÇÊøóÕóÝó ÈöÇáúÃóãúÑóíúäö ÇáúßóÐöÈö æóÇáÊøóßúÐöíÈö¡ æóíóßõæäõ ÕóÇÏöÞðÇ Úóáóì ÇáúãõÔúÑößöíäó áöÃóäøó ÌóãóÇÚóÊóåõãú áóÇ ÊóÎúáõæ Úóä Ðóáöß.
ÔóíúÁ ÈöÇÓúãö ÇáúÅöÔóÇÑóÉö Ýöí Þóæúáöåö: ÃõæáÆößó íóäÇáõåõãú äóÕöíÈõåõãú ãöäó ÇáúßöÊÇÈö áöíóÏõáøó Úóáóì Ãóäøó ÇáúãõÔóÇÑó Åöáóíúåöãú ÃóÍúÑöíóÇÁõ ÈöÃóäú íõÕöíÈóåõãõ ÇáúÚóÐóÇÈõ ÈöäóÇÁð Úóáóì ãóÇ Ïóáøó Úóáóíúåö ÇáÊøóÝúÑöíÚõ ÈöÇáúÝóÇÁö.(8-È/113)
æóÌõãúáóÉõ ÃõæáÆößó íóäÇáõåõãú äóÕöíÈõåõãú ãöäó ÇáúßöÊÇÈö íóÌõæÒõ Ãóäú Êóßõæäó ãõÓúÊóÃúäóÝóÉð ÇÓúÊöÆúäóÇÝðÇ ÈóíóÇäöíøðÇ äóÇÔöÆðÇ Úóäú ÇáöÇÓúÊöÝúåóÇãö Ýöí Þóæúáöåö: Ýóãóäú ÃóÙúáóãõ ãöãøóäö ÇÝúÊóÑì Úóáóì Çááøóåö ßóÐöÈÇð ÇáúÂíóÉó¡ áöÃóäøó ÇáÊøóåúæöíáó ÇáúãõÓúÊóÝóÇÏó ãöäó ÇáöÇÓúÊöÝúåóÇãö íóÓúÊóÑúÚöí ÇáÓøóÇãöÚó Ãóäú íóÓúÃóáó ÚóãøóÇ ÓóíõáóÇÞõæäóåõ ãöäó Çááøóåö ÇáøóÐöí ÇÝúÊóÑóæúÇ Úóáóíúåö æóßóÐøóÈõæÇ ÈöÂíóÇÊöåö.
æóíóÌõæÒõ Ãóäú Êóßõæäó ÌõãúáóÉõ: ÃõæáÆößó íóäÇáõåõãú äóÕöíÈõåõãú ÚóØúÝó ÈóíóÇäò áöÌõãúáóÉö: ÃõæáÆößó ÃóÕúÍÇÈõ ÇáäøóÇÑö åõãú ÝöíåÇ ÎÇáöÏõæäó [ÇáúÃóÚúÑóÇÝ: 36] Ãóíú ÎóÇáöÏõæäó ÇáúÎõáõæÏó ÇáøóÐöí åõæó äóÕöíÈõåõãú ãöäó ÇáúßöÊóÇÈö.
æóÊóßúãöáóÉõ åóÐöåö ÇáúÌõãúáóÉö åöíó ÌõãúáóÉõ: ÍóÊøóì ÅöÐÇ ÌÇÁóÊúåõãú ÑõÓõáõäÇ íóÊóæóÝøóæúäóåõãú ÇáúÂíóÉó ßóãóÇ ÓóíóÃúÊöí.
æóãóÇÏøóÉõ Çáäøóíúáö æóÇáäøóæóÇáö æóÑóÏóÊú æóÇæöíøóÉó ÇáúÚóíúäö æóíóÇÆöíøóÉó ÇáúÚóíúäö ãõÎúÊóáöØóÊóíúäö Ýöí ÏóæóÇæöíäö ÇááøõÛóÉö¡ ÛóíúÑó ãõÝúÕöÍóÉò Úóäú ÊóæúÒöíÚö ãóæóÇÞöÚö ÇÓúÊöÚúãóÇáöåóÇ Èóíúäó ÇáúæóÇæöíøö æóÇáúíóÇÆöíøö¡ æóíóÙúåóÑõ Ãóäøó ÃóßúËóÑó ãóÚóÇäöí ÇáúãóÇÏøóÊóíúäö ãõÊóÑóÇÏöÝóÉñ æóÃóäøó Ðóáößó äóÔóÃó ãöäó ÇáúÞóáúÈö Ýöí ÈóÚúÖö ÇáÊøóÕóÇÑöíÝö Ãóæú ãöäú ÊóÏóÇÎõáö ÇááøõÛóÇÊö¡ æóÊóÞõæáõ äõáúÊõ- ÈöÖóãøö Çáäøõæäö- ãöäú äóÇáó íóäõæáõ¡ æóÊóÞõæáõ äöáúÊõ- ÈößóÓúÑö Çáäøõæäö- ãöäú äóÇáó íõäöíáõ¡ æóÃóÕúáõ Çáäøóíúáö ÅöÕóÇÈóÉõ ÇáúÅöäúÓóÇäö ÔóíúÆðÇ áöäóÝúÓöåö ÈöíóÏöåö¡ æóäóæøóáóåõ ÃóÚúØóÇåõ ÝóäóÇáó¡ ÝóÇáúÃóÕúáõ Ãóäú ÊóÞõæáó äóÇáó ÝõáóÇäñ ßóÓúÈðÇ¡ æóÞóÏú ÌóÇÁó åõäóÇ ÈöÚóßúÓö Ðóáößó áöÃóäøó ÇáäøóÕöíÈó ãöäó ÇáúßöÊóÇÈö åõæó ÃóãúÑñ ãóÚúäóæöíøñ¡ ÝóãõÞúÊóÖóì ÇáÙøóÇåöÑö Ãóäú íóßõæäó ÇáäøóÕöíÈõ ãõäóæøóáðÇ áóÇ äóÇÆöáðÇ¡ áöÃóäøó ÇáäøóÕöíÈó áóÇ íõÍóÕøöáõ ÇáøóÐöíäó ÇÝúÊóÑóæúÇ Úóáóì Çááøóåö ßóÐöÈðÇ¡ Èóáú ÈöÇáúÚóßúÓö:
ÇáøóÐöíäó ÇÝúÊóÑóæúÇ íõÍóÕøöáõæäóåõ¡ æóÞóÏú ÌóÇÁó Ðóáößó Ýöí ÂíóÇÊò ßóËöíÑóÉò ßóÞóæúáöåö ÊóÚóÇáóì: áóäú íóäÇáó Çááøóåó áõÍõæãõåÇ æóáÇ ÏöãÇÄõåÇ [ÇáúÍóÌ: 37]- æóÞóæúáöåö- ÓóíóäÇáõåõãú ÛóÖóÈñ ãöäú ÑóÈøöåöãú [ÇáúÃóÚúÑóÇÝ: 152] ¡ ÝóÊóÚóíøóäó Ãóäú íóßõæäó åóÐóÇ ÅöãøóÇ ãóÌóÇÒðÇ ãõÑúÓóáðÇ Ýöí ãóÚúäóì ãõØúáóÞö ÇáúÅöÕóÇÈóÉö¡ æóÅöãøóÇ Ãóäú íóßõæäó ÇÓúÊöÚóÇÑóÉð ãóÈúäöíøóÉð Úóáóì ÚóßúÓö ÇáÊøóÔúÈöíåö ÈöÃóäú ÔóÈøóåó ÇáäøóÕöíÈó ÈöÔóÎúÕò ØóÇáöÈò ØóáöÈóÉð ÝóäóÇáóåóÇ¡ æóÅöäøóãóÇ íõÕóÇÑõ Åöáóì åóÐóÇ áöáÊøóäúÈöíåö Úóáóì Ãóäøó ÇáøóÐöí íóäóÇáõåõãú ÔóíúÁñ íóßúÑóåõæäóåõ¡ æóåõæó íóØúáõÈõåõãú æóåõãú íóÝöÑøõæäó ãöäúåõ¡ ßóãóÇ íóØúáõÈõ ÇáúÚóÏõæøõ ÚóÏõæøóåõ¡ ÝóÞóÏú ÕóÇÑó ÇáäøóÕöíÈõ ãöäó ÇáúßöÊóÇÈö ßóÃóäøóåõ íóØúáõÈõ Ãóäú íõÍóÕøöáó ÇáúÝóÑöíÞó(8-È/114)
ÇáøóÐöíäó ÍóÞøó Úóáóíúåöãú æóíõÕóÇÏöÝóåõãú¡ æóåõæó ÞóÑöíÈñ ãöäó ÇáúÞóáúÈö ÇáúãóÈúäöíøö Úóáóì ÚóßúÓö ÇáÊøóÔúÈöíåö Ýöí Þóæúáö ÑõÄúÈóÉó:
æóãóåúãóåò ãõÛúÈóÑøóÉò ÃóÑúÌóÇÄõåõ ... ßóÃóäøó áóæúäó ÃóÑúÖöåö ÓóãóÇÄõåõ
æóÞóæúáöåöãú: «ÚóÑóÖúÊõ ÇáäøóÇÞóÉó Úóáóì ÇáúÍóæúÖö» .
æóÇáäøóÕöíÈõ ÇáúÍóÙøõ ÇáÕøóÇÆöÑõ áöÃóÍóÏö ÇáúãõÊóÞóÇÓöãöíäó ãöäó ÇáÔøóíúÁö ÇáúãóÞúÓõæãö¡ æóÞóÏú ÊóÞóÏøóãó ÚöäúÏó Þóæúáöåö ÊóÚóÇáóì: ÃõæáÆößó áóåõãú äóÕöíÈñ ãöãøóÇ ßóÓóÈõæÇ Ýöí ÓõæÑóÉö ÇáúÈóÞóÑóÉö [202] ¡ æóÞóæúáöåö: áöáÑøöÌÇáö äóÕöíÈñ ãöãøóÇ ÊóÑóßó ÇáúæÇáöÏÇäö æóÇáúÃóÞúÑóÈõæäó Ýöí ÓõæÑóÉö ÇáäøöÓóÇÁö [7] .
æóÇáúãõÑóÇÏõ ÈöÇáúßöÊóÇÈö ãóÇ ÊóÖóãøóäóåõ ÇáúßöÊóÇÈõ¡ ÝóÅöäú ßóÇäó ÇáúßöÊóÇÈõ ãõÓúÊóÚúãóáðÇ ÍóÞöíÞóÉð Ýóåõæó ÇáúÞõÑúÂäõ¡ æóäóÕöíÈõåõãú ãöäúåõ åõæó äóÕöíÈõåõãú ãöäú æóÚöíÏöåö¡ ãöËúáõ Þóæúáöåö ÊóÚóÇáóì ÂäöÝðÇ: æóÇáøóÐöíäó ßóÐøóÈõæÇ ÈöÂíÇÊöäÇ æóÇÓúÊóßúÈóÑõæÇ ÚóäúåÇ ÃõæáÆößó ÃóÕúÍÇÈõ ÇáäøóÇÑö åõãú ÝöíåÇ ÎÇáöÏõæäó [ÇáúÃóÚúÑóÇÝ: 36] ¡ æóÅöäú ßóÇäó ÇáúßöÊóÇÈõ ãóÌóÇÒðÇ Ýöí ÇáúÃóãúÑö ÇáøóÐöí ÞóÖóÇåõ Çááøóåõ æóÞóÏøóÑóåõ¡ Úóáóì ÍóÏøö Þóæúáöåö: áößõáøö ÃóÌóáò ßöÊÇÈñ [ÇáÑøóÚúÏ: 38] Ãóíö ÇáúßöÊóÇÈõ ÇáËøóÇÈöÊõ Ýöí Úöáúãö Çááøóåö ãöäú ÅöÍúÞóÇÞö ßóáöãóÉö ÇáúÚóÐóÇÈö Úóáóíúåöãú¡ ÝóäóÕöíÈõåõãú ãöäúåõ åõæó ãóÇ ÃóÎúÈóÑó Çááøóåõ ÈöÃóäøóåõ ÞóÏøóÑóåõ áóåõãú ãöäó ÇáúÎõáõæÏö Ýöí ÇáúÚóÐóÇÈö¡ æóÃóäøóåõ áóÇ íóÛúÝöÑõ áóåõãú¡ æóíóÔúãóáõ Ðóáößó ãóÇ ÓóÈóÞó ÊóÞúÏöíÑõåõ áóåõãú ãöäó ÇáúÅöãúåóÇáö æóÐóáößó åõæó ÊóÃúÌöíáõåõãú Åöáóì ÃóÌóáò ÃóÑóÇÏóåõ Ëõãøó ÇÓúÊöÆúÕóÇáõåõãú ÈóÚúÏóåõ ßóãóÇ ÃóÎúÈóÑó Úóäú Ðóáößó ÂäöÝðÇ ÈöÞóæúáöåö: æóáößõáøö ÃõãøóÉò ÃóÌóáñ ÝóÅöÐÇ ÌÇÁó ÃóÌóáõåõãú áóÇ íóÓúÊóÃúÎöÑõæäó ÓÇÚóÉð æóáÇ íóÓúÊóÞúÏöãõæäó [ÇáúÃóÚúÑóÇÝ: 34] .
æóÍóãóáó ßóËöíÑñ ãöäó ÇáúãõÝóÓøöÑöíäó ÇáäøóÕöíÈó Úóáóì ãóÇ íóäóÇáõåõãú ãöäó ÇáÑøöÒúÞö æóÇáúÅöãúåóÇáö Ýöí ÇáÏøõäúíóÇ ÞóÈúáó äõÒõæáö ÇáúÚóÐóÇÈö Èöåöãú æóåõæó ÈóÚöíÏñ ãöäú ãóÚúäóì ÇáúÝóÇÁö Ýöí Þóæúáöåö: Ýóãóäú ÃóÙúáóãõ æóáóÇ ÃóÍúÓóÈõ ÇáúÍóÇÏöíó áóåõãú Úóáóì Ðóáößó ÅöáøóÇ áöíóßõæäó äóæóÇáõ ÇáäøóÕöíÈö ÍóÇÕöáðÇ Ýöí ãõÏøóÉò ãõãúÊóÏøóÉò áöíóßõæäó ãóÌöíÁõ ÇáúãóáóÇÆößóÉö áöÊóæóÝøöíåöãú ÛóÇíóÉð áöÇäúÊöåóÇÁö Ðóáößó ÇáäøóÕöíÈö¡ ÇÓúÊöÈúÞóÇÁð áöãóÚúäóì ÇáúÛóÇíóÉö ÇáúÍóÞöíÞöíøóÉö Ýöí (ÍóÊøóì) . æóÐóáößó ÛóíúÑõ ãõáúÊóÒóãò¡ ÝóÅöäøó ÍóÊøóì ÇáöÇÈúÊöÏóÇÆöíøóÉó áóÇ ÊõÝöíÏõ ãöäó ÇáúÛóÇíóÉö ãóÇ ÊõÝöíÏõåõ ÇáúÚóÇØöÝóÉõ ßóãóÇ ÓóäóÐúßõÑõåõ.
æóÇáúãóÚúäóì: ÅöãøóÇ Ãóäøó ßõáøó æóÇÍöÏò ãöäó ÇáúãõÔúÑößöíäó ÓóíõÕöíÈõåõ ãóÇ ÊóæóÚøóÏóåõãõ Çááøóåõ Èöåö ãöäó ÇáúæóÚöíÏö Úóáóì ÞóÏúÑö ÚõÊõæøöåö Ýöí ÊóßúÐöíÈöåö æóÅöÚúÑóÇÖöåö¡ ÝóäóÕöíÈõåõ åõæó ãóÇ íõäóÇÓöÈõ ÍóÇáóåõ(8-È/115)
ÚöäúÏó Çááøóåö ãöäú ãöÞúÏóÇÑö ÚóÐóÇÈöåö¡ æóÅöãøóÇ Ãóäøó ãóÌúãõæÚó ÇáúãõÔúÑößöíäó ÓóíõÕöíÈõåõãú ãóÇ ÞõÏøöÑó áöÃóãúËóÇáöåöãú ãöäó ÇáúÃõãóãö ÇáúãõßóÐøöÈöíäó áöáÑøõÓõáö ÇáúãõÚúÑöÖöíäó Úóäö ÇáúÂíóÇÊö ãöäú ÚóÐóÇÈö ÇáÏøõäúíóÇ¡ ÝóáóÇ íóÛõÑóäøóåõãú ÊóÃúÎöíÑõ Ðóáößó áöÃóäøóåõ ãõÕöíÈõåõãú áóÇ ãóÍóÇáóÉó ÚöäúÏó Íõáõæáö ÃóÌóáöåö¡ ÝóäóÕöíÈõåõãú åõæó ÕöÝóÉõ ÚóÐóÇÈöåöãú ãöäú Èóíúäö ÕöÝóÇÊö ÇáúÚóÐóÇÈö ÇáøóÊöí ÚõÐøöÈóÊú ÈöåóÇ ÇáúÃõãóãõ.
æóÌõãúáóÉõ: ÍóÊøóì ÅöÐÇ ÌÇÁóÊúåõãú ÑõÓõáõäÇ ÊóÝúÕöíáñ áöãóÖúãõæäö ÌõãúáóÉö íóäÇáõåõãú äóÕöíÈõåõãú ãöäó ÇáúßöÊÇÈö ÝóÇáúæóÞúÊõ ÇáøóÐöí ÃóÝóÇÏóåõ Þóæúáõåõ: ÅöÐÇ ÌÇÁóÊúåõãú ÑõÓõáõäÇ íóÊóæóÝøóæúäóåõãú åõæó ãóÈúÏóÃõ æóÕúÝö äóÕöíÈöåöãú ãöäó ÇáúßöÊóÇÈö Íöíäó íóäúÞóØöÚõ Úóäúåõãõ ÇáúÅöãúåóÇáõ ÇáøóÐöí áóÞõæåõ Ýöí ÇáÏøõäúíóÇ.
æÍóÊøóì ÇÈúÊöÏóÇÆöíøóÉñ áöÃóäøó ÇáúæóÇÞöÚó ÈóÚúÏóåóÇ ÌõãúáóÉñ ÝóÊõÝöíÏõ ÇáÓøóÈóÈöíøóÉó¡ ÝóÇáúãóÚúäóì: Ýó ÅöÐÇ ÌÇÁóÊúåõãú ÑõÓõáõäÇ ÅöáóΡ æ (ÍÊøì) ÇáöÇÈúÊöÏóÇÆöíøóÉõ áóåóÇ ÕóÏúÑõ ÇáúßóáóÇãö ÝóÇáúÛóÇíóÉõ ÇáøóÊöí ÊóÏõáøõ ÚóáóíúåóÇ åöíó ÛóÇíóÉõ ãóÇ íõÎúÈöÑõ Èöåö ÇáúãõÎúÈöÑõ¡ æóáóíúÓóÊú ÛóÇíóÉó ãóÇ íóÈúáõÛõ Åöáóíúåö ÇáúãóÚúØõæÝõ Úóáóíúåö ÈöÍóÊøóì¡ áöÃóäøó Ðóáößó ÅöäøóãóÇ íõáúÊóÒóãõ ÅöÐóÇ ßóÇäóÊú ÍóÊøóì ÚóÇØöÝóÉð¡ æóáóÇ ÊõÝöíÏõ ÅöáøóÇ ÇáÓøóÈóÈöíøóÉó ßóãóÇ ÞóÇáó ÇÈúäõ ÇáúÍóÇÌöÈö Ýóåöíó áóÇ ÊõÝöíÏõ ÃóßúËóÑó ãöäú ÊóÓóÈøõÈö ãóÇ ÞóÈúáóåóÇ ÝöíãóÇ ÈóÚúÏóåóÇ¡ ÞóÇáó ÇáÑøóÖöíøõ ÞóÇáó ÇáúãõÕóäøöÝõ: æóÅöäøóãóÇ æóÌóÈó ãóÚó ÇáÑøóÝúÚö ÇáÓøóÈóÈöíøóÉõ áöÃóäøó ÇáöÇÊøöÕóÇáó ÇááøóÝúÙöíøó áóãøóÇ ÒóÇáó ÈöÓóÈóÈö ÇáöÇÓúÊöÆúäóÇÝö ÔõÑöØó ÇáÓøóÈóÈöíøóÉõ ÇáøóÊöí åöíó ãõæÌöÈóÉñ áöáöÇÊøöÕóÇáö ÇáúãóÚúäóæöíøö¡ ÌóÈúÑðÇ áöãóÇ ÝóÇÊó ãöäó ÇáöÇÊøöÕóÇáö ÇááøóÝúÙöíøö¡ ÞóÇáó ÚóãúÑõæ Èúäõ ÔóÃúÓò:
äóÐõæÏõ Çáúãõáõæßó Úóäúßõãõ æóÊóÐõæÏõäóÇ ... æóáóÇ ÕõáúÍó ÍóÊøóì ÊóÖúÈóÚõæäó æóäóÖúÈóÚóÇ
æóÞóÏú ÊóÞóÏøóãó ÈóÚúÖõ åóÐóÇ ÚöäúÏó Þóæúáöåö ÊóÚóÇáóì: ÞóÏú ÎóÓöÑó ÇáøóÐöíäó ßóÐøóÈõæÇ ÈöáöÞÇÁö Çááøóåö ÍóÊøóì ÅöÐÇ ÌÇÁóÊúåõãõ ÇáÓøóÇÚóÉõ Ýöí ÓõæÑóÉ ÇáúÃóäúÚóÇã [31] æ (ÍÊøì) ÇáöÇÈúÊöÏóÇÆöíøóÉõ ÊóÏõáøõ Úóáóì Ãóäøó ãóÖúãõæäó ÇáúßóáóÇãö ÇáøóÐöí ÈóÚúÏóåóÇ Ãóåóãøõ ÈöÇáöÇÚúÊöäóÇÁö áöáúÅöáúÞóÇÁö ÚöäúÏó ÇáúãõÊóßóáøöãö áöÃóäøóåõ ÃóÌúÏóì Ýöí ÇáúÛóÑóÖö ÇáúãóÓõæÞö áóåõ ÇáúßóáóÇãõ¡ æóåóÐóÇ ÇáúßóáóÇãõ ÇáúæóÇÞöÚõ åõäóÇ ÈóÚúÏó (ÍóÊøóì) Ýöíåö Êóåúæöíáõ ãóÇ íõÕöíÈõåõãú ÚöäúÏó ÞóÈúÖö ÃóÑúæóÇÍöåöãú¡ æóåõæó ÃóÏúÎóáõ Ýöí ÊóåúÏöíÏöåöãú æóÊóÑúæöíÚöåöãú æóãóæúÚöÙóÊöåöãú¡ ãöäó ÇáúæóÚöíÏö ÇáúãõÊóÚóÇÑóÝö¡ æóÞóÏú åóÏøóÏó ÇáúÞõÑúÂäõ ÇáúãõÔúÑößöíäó(8-È/116)
ÈöÔóÏóÇÆöÏö ÇáúãóæúÊö Úóáóíúåöãú Ýöí ÂíóÇÊò ßóËöíÑóÉò áöÃóäøóåõãú ßóÇäõæÇ íóÑúåóÈõæäóåõ. æóÇáÑøõÓõáõ åõãõ ÇáúãóáóÇÆößóÉõ ÞóÇáó
ÊóÚóÇáóì: Þõáú íóÊóæóÝøóÇßõãú ãóáóßõ ÇáúãóæúÊö [ÇáÓøóÌúÏóÉ: 11]- æóÞóÇáó- æóáóæú ÊóÑì ÅöÐú íóÊóæóÝøóì ÇáøóÐöíäó ßóÝóÑõæÇ ÇáúãóáÇÆößóÉõ [ÇáúÃóäúÝóÇá: 50] .
æóÌõãúáóÉõ: íóÊóæóÝøóæúäóåõãú Ýöí ãóæúÖöÚö ÇáúÍóÇáö ãöäú ÑõÓõáõäÇ æóåöíó ÍóÇáñ ãõÚóáøöáóÉñ áöÚóÇãöáöåóÇ¡ ßóÞóæúáöåö: æóáßöäøöí ÑóÓõæáñ ãöäú ÑóÈøö ÇáúÚÇáóãöíäó ÃõÈóáøöÛõßõãú ÑöÓÇáÇÊö ÑóÈøöí æóÃóäúÕóÍõ áóßõãú [ÇáúÃóÚúÑóÇÝ: 61¡ 62] Ãóíú ÑóÓõæáñ áöÃõÈóáøöÛóßõãú æóáöÃóäúÕóÍó áóßõãú.
æóÇáÊøóæóÝøöí äóÒúÚõ ÇáÑøõæÍö ãöäó ÇáúÌóÓóÏö¡ æóÞóÏú ÊóÞóÏøóãó ÈóíóÇäõåõ ÚöäúÏó Þóæúáöåö ÊóÚóÇáóì: ÅöÐú ÞÇáó Çááøóåõ íóÇ ÚöíÓì Åöäøöí ãõÊóæóÝøöíßó Ýöí ÓõæÑóÉö Âáö ÚöãúÑóÇäó [55] æóåõæó ÇáúãõÑóÇÏõ åõäóÇ¡ æóáóÇ ÌóÏúæóì Ýöí Íóãúáöåö Úóáóì ÛóíúÑö åóÐóÇ ÇáúãóÚúäóì¡ ãöãøóÇ ÊóÑóÏøóÏó Ýöíåö ÇáúãõÝóÓøöÑõæäó¡ ÅöáøóÇ Ãóäøó ÇáúãõÍóÇÝóÙóÉó Úóáóì ãóÚúäóì ÇáúÛóÇíóÉö áöÍóÑúÝö (ÍóÊøóì) ÝóÊóæóÝøöí ÇáÑøõÓõáö íóÌõæÒõ Ãóäú íóßõæäó ÇáúãõÑóÇÏõ ãöäúåõ æóÞúÊó Ãóäú íóÊóæóÝøóæúåõãú ÌóãöíÚðÇ¡ Åöäú ßóÇäó ÇáúãõÑóÇÏõ ÈöÇáäøóÕöíÈö ãöäó ÇáúßöÊóÇÈö ÇáöÇÓúÊöÆúÕóÇáó¡ Ãóíú Íöíäó ÊõÈúÚóËõ ØóæóÇÆöÝõ ÇáúãóáóÇÆößóÉö áöÅöåúáóÇßö ÌóãöíÚö ÃõãøóÉö ÇáÔøöÑúßö.
æóíóÌõæÒõ Ãóäú íßæä ÇáãõÑóÇÏ ÍóÊøóì íóÊóæóÝøóæúäó ÂÍóÇÏóåõãú Ýöí ÃóæúÞóÇÊò ãõÊóÝóÑøöÞóÉò Åöäú ßóÇäó ÇáúãõÑóÇÏõ ÈöÇáäøóÕöíÈö ãöäó ÇáúßöÊóÇÈö æóÚöíÏó ÇáúÚóÐóÇÈö¡ æóÚóáóì ÇáúæóÌúåóíúäö ÝóÇáúÞóæúáõ ãóÍúßöíøñ Úóáóì æóÌúåö ÇáúÌóãúÚö æóÇáúãõÑóÇÏõ ãöäúåõ ÇáÊøóæúÒöíÚõ Ãóíú ÞóÇáó ßõáøõ ãóáóßò áöãóäú æõßøöáó ÈöÊóæóÝøöíåö¡ Úóáóì ØóÑöíÞóÉö: ÑóßöÈó ÇáúÞóæúãõ ÏóæóÇÈøóåõãú.
æóÞóÏú Íõßöíó ßóáóÇãõ ÇáÑøõÓõáö ãóÚóåõãú æóÌóæóÇÈõåõãú ÅöíøóÇåõãú ÈöÕöíÛóÉö ÇáúãóÇÖöí Úóáóì ØóÑöíÞóÉö ÇáúãõÍóÇæóÑóÉö¡ áöÃóäøó æõÌõæÏó ÙóÑúÝö ÇáúãõÓúÊóÞúÈóáö ÞóÑöíäóÉñ Úóáóì ÇáúãõÑóÇÏö.
æóÇáöÇÓúÊöÝúåóÇãõ Ýöí Þóæúáöåö: Ãóíúäó ãóÇ ßõäúÊõãú ÊóÏúÚõæäó ãöäú Ïõæäö Çááøóåö ãõÓúÊóÚúãóáñ Ýöí ÇáÊøóåóßøõãö æóÇáÊøóÃúíöíÓö.
æó (ãóÇ) ÇáúæóÇÞöÚóÉõ ÈóÚúÏó Ãóíúäó ãóæúÕõæáóÉñ¡ íóÚúäöí: Ãóíúäó ÂáöåóÊõßõãõ ÇáøóÊöí ßõäúÊõãú ÊóÒúÚõãõæäó Ãóäøóåõãú íóäúÝóÚõæäóßõãú ÚöäúÏó ÇáÔøóÏóÇÆöÏö æóíóÑõÏøõæäó Úóäúßõãõ ÇáúÚóÐóÇÈó ÝóÅöäøóåõãú áóãú íóÍúÖõÑõæßõãú¡ æóÐóáößó Íöíäó íóÔúåóÏõæäó ÇáúÚóÐóÇÈó ÚöäúÏó ÞóÈúÖö ÃóÑúæóÇÍöåöãú¡ ÝóÞóÏú ÌóÇÁó(8-È/117)
Ýöí ÍóÏöíËö «ÇáúãõæóØøóÃö» : Ãóäøó ÇáúãóíøöÊó íóÑóì ãóÞúÚóÏóåõ ÈöÇáúÛóÏóÇÉö æóÇáúÚóÔöíøö Åöäú ßóÇäó ãöäú Ãóåúáö ÇáúÌóäøóÉö Ýóãöäú Ãóåúáö ÇáúÌóäøóÉö æóÅöäú ßóÇäó ãöäú Ãóåúáö ÇáäøóÇÑö íõÞóÇáõ áóåõ åóÐóÇ ãóÞúÚóÏõßó ÍóÊøóì íóÈúÚóËóßó Çááøóåõ. æóåóÐóÇ ÎöØóÇÈñ áöáúÃóÑúæóÇÍö ÇáøóÊöí ÈöåóÇ ÇáúÅöÏúÑóÇßõ æóåõæó ÞóÈúáó ÝöÊúäóÉö ÇáúÞóÈúÑö.
æóÞóæúáõåõãú: ÖóáøõæÇ ÚóäøóÇ Ãóíú ÃóÊúáóÝõæÇ ãóæóÇÞöÚóäóÇ æóÃóÖóÇÚõæäóÇ Ýóáóãú íóÍúÖõÑõæÇ¡ æóåóÐóÇ íóÞúÊóÖöí Ãóäøóåõãú áóãøóÇ íóÚúáóãõæÇ Ãóäøóåõãú áóÇ íõÛúäõæäó Úóäúåõãú ÔóíúÆðÇ ãöäó ÇáäøóÝúÚö¡ ÝóÙóäøõæÇ Ãóäøóåõãú ÃóÐúåóÈóåóãú ãóÇ ÃóÐúåóÈóåõãú æóÃóÈúÚóÏóåõãú Úóäúåõãú ãóÇ ÃóÈúÚóÏóåõãú¡ æóáóãú íóÚúáóãõæÇ ÓóÈóÈóåõ¡ áöÃóäøó Ðóáößó ÅöäøóãóÇ íóÊóÈóíøóäõ áóåõãú íóæúãó ÇáúÍóÔúÑö Íöíäó íóÑóæúäó ÅöåóÇäóÉó ÃóÕúäóÇãöåöãú æóÊóÚúÐöíÈó ßõÈóÑóÇÆöåöãú¡ æóáöÐóáößó áóãú íõäúßöÑõæÇ Ýöí ÌóæóÇÈöåöãú Ãóäøóåõãú ßóÇäõæÇ íóÏúÚõæäóåõãú ãöäú Ïõæäö Çááøóåö
ÈöÎöáóÇÝö ãóÇ Íõßöíó Úóäúåõãú Ýöí íóæúãö ÇáúÍóÔúÑö ãöäú Þóæúáöåöãú: æóÇááøóåö ÑóÈøöäÇ ãóÇ ßõäøóÇ ãõÔúÑößöíäó [ÇáúÃóäúÚóÇã: 23] æóáöÐóáößó ÞóÇáó åõäóÇ: æóÔóåöÏõæÇ Úóáì ÃóäúÝõÓöåöãú Ãóäøóåõãú ßÇäõæÇ ßÇÝöÑöíäó¡ æóÞóÇáó Ýöí ÇáúÃõÎúÑóì: ÇäúÙõÑú ßóíúÝó ßóÐóÈõæÇ Úóáì ÃóäúÝõÓöåöãú [ÇáúÃóäúÚóÇã: 24] .
æóÇáÔøóåóÇÏóÉõ åõäóÇ ÔóåóÇÏóÉñ ÖöãúäöíøóÉñ áöÃóäøóåõãú áóãøóÇ áóãú íóäúÝõæÇ Ãóäú íóßõæäõæÇ íóÏúÚõæäó ãöäú Ïõæäö Çááøóåö æóÃóÌóÇÈõæÇ ÈöÃóäøóåõãú ÖóáøõæÇ Úóäúåõãú ÞóÏö ÇÚúÊóÑóÝõæÇ ÈöÃóäøóåõãú ÚóÈóÏõæåõãú.
ÝóÃóãøóÇ Þóæúáõåõ: ÞÇáó ÇÏúÎõáõæÇ Ýöí Ãõãóãò ÝóåóÐóÇ Þóæúáñ ÂÎóÑõ¡ áóíúÓó åõæó ãöäó ÇáúãõÍóÇæóÑóÉö ÇáÓøóÇÈöÞóÉö¡ áöÃóäøóåõ ÌóÇÁó ÈöÕöíÛóÉö ÇáúÅöÝúÑóÇÏö¡ æóÇáúÃóÞúæóÇáõ ÞóÈúáóåõ ãõÓúäóÏóÉñ Åöáóì ÖóãóÇÆöÑö ÇáúÌóãúÚö¡ ÝóÊóÚóíøóäó Ãóäøó ÖóãöíÑó (ÞóÇáó) ÚóÇÆöÏñ Åöáóì Çááøóåö ÊóÚóÇáóì ÈöÞóÑöíäóÉö ÇáúãóÞóÇãö¡ áöÃóäøó ãöËúáó åóÐóÇ ÇáúÞóæúáö áóÇ íóÕúÏõÑõ ãöäú ÃóÍóÏò ÛóíúÑö Çááøóåö ÊóÚóÇáóì¡ Ýóåõæó ÇÓÊíäÇÝ ßóáóÇãò äóÔóÃó ÈöãõäóÇÓóÈóÉö ÍößóÇíóÉö ÍóÇáö ÇáúãõÔúÑößöíäó Íöíäó Ãóæøóáö ÞõÏõæãöåöãú Úóáóì ÇáúÍóíóÇÉö ÇáúÂÎöÑóÉö¡ æóåöíó ÍóÇáóÉõ æóÝóÇÉö ÇáúæóÇÍöÏö ãöäúåõãú Ýóíóßõæäõ ÎöØóÇÈðÇ ÕóÏóÑó ãöäó Çááøóåö Åöáóíúåöãú ÈöæóÇÓöØóÉö ÃóÍóÏö ãóáóÇÆößóÊöåö¡ Ãóæú ÈößóáóÇãò ÓóãöÚõæåõ æóÚóáöãõæÇ Ãóäøóåõ ãöäú ÞöÈóáö Çááøóåö ÊóÚóÇáóì ÈöÍóíúËõ íõæÞöäõæäó ãöäúåõ Ãóäøóåõãú ÏóÇÎöáõæäó Åöáóì ÇáäøóÇÑö¡ Ýóíóßõæäõ åóÐóÇ ãöäú ÃóÔóÏøö ãóÇ íóÑóæúäó Ýöíåö ãóÞúÚóÏóåõãú ãöäó ÇáäøóÇÑö ÚõÞõæÈóÉð ÎóÇÕøóÉð Èöåöãú. æóÇáúÃóãúÑõ ãõÓúÊóÚúãóáñ áöáúæóÚöíÏö ÝóíóÊóÃóÎøóÑõ ÊóäúÌöíÒõåõ Åöáóì íóæúãö ÇáúÞöíóÇãóÉö.
æóíóÌõæÒõ Ãóäú íóßõæäó ÇáúãóÍúßöíøõ Èöåö ãóÇ íóÕúÏõÑõ ãöäó Çááøóåö ÊóÚóÇáóì íóæúãó ÇáúÞöíóÇãóÉö ãöäú Íõßúãò Úóáóíúåöãú ÈöÏõÎõæáö ÇáäøóÇÑö ãóÚó ÇáúÃõãóãö ÇáÓøóÇÈöÞóÉö¡ ÝóÐóßóÑó ÚóÞöÈó ÍößóÇíóÉö ÍóÇáö ÞóÈúÖö(8-È/118)
ÃóÑúæóÇÍöåöãú ÅößúãóÇáðÇ áöÐößúÑö ÍóÇáö ãóÕöíÑöåöãú¡ æóÊóÎóáøõÕðÇ Åöáóì æóÕúÝö ãóÇ íóäúÊóÙöÑõåõãú ãöäó ÇáúÚóÐóÇÈö æóáöÐößúÑö ÃóÍúæóÇáö ÛóíúÑöåöãú. æóÃóíøðÇ ãóÇ ßóÇäó ÝóÇáúÅöÊúíóÇäõ ÈöÝöÚúáö ÇáúÞóæúáö¡ ÈöÕöíÛóÉö ÇáúãóÇÖöí: áöáÊøóäúÈöíåö Úóáóì ÊóÍúÞöíÞö æõÞõæÚöåö Úóáóì ÎöáóÇÝö ãõÞúÊóÖóì ÇáÙøóÇåöÑö.
æóíóÌõæÒõ Ãóäú Êóßõæäó ÌõãúáóÉõ: ÞÇáó ÇÏúÎõáõæÇ Ýöí Ãõãóãò Ýöí ãóæúÖöÚö ÚóØúÝö ÇáúÈóíóÇäö áöÌõãúáóÉö íóäÇáõåõãú äóÕöíÈõåõãú ãöäó ÇáúßöÊÇÈö Ãóíú: ÞóÇáó Çááøóåõ ÝöíãóÇ ßóÊóÈóåõ áóåõãõ ÇÏúÎõáõæÇ Ýöí Ãõãóãò ÞóÏú ÎóáóÊú ãöäú ÞóÈúáößõãú [ÇáúÃóÚúÑóÇÝ: 34] Ãóíú ÃóãúËóÇáößõãú¡ æóÇáÊøóÚúÈöíÑõ ÈöÝöÚúáö ÇáúãõÖöíøö ÌóÑóì Úóáóì ãõÞúÊóÖóì ÇáÙøóÇåöÑö.
æóÇáúÃõãóãõ ÌóãúÚõ ÇáúÃõãøóÉö ÈöÇáúãóÚúäóì ÇáøóÐöí ÊóÞóÏøóãó Ýöí Þóæúáöåö: æóáößõáøö ÃõãøóÉò ÃóÌóáñ.
æó (Ýöí) ãöäú Þóæúáöåö: Ýöí Ãõãóãò áöáÙøóÑúÝöíøóÉö ÇáúãóÌóÇÒöíøóÉö¡ æóåöíó ßóæúäõåõãú Ýöí ÍóÇáóÉò æóÇÍöÏóÉò æóÍõßúãò æóÇÍöÏò¡ ÓóæóÇÁñ ÏóÎóáõæÇ ÇáäøóÇÑó Ýöí æóÓóØöåöãú Ãóãú ÏóÎóáõæÇ ÞóÈúáóåõãú Ãóæú ÈóÚúÏóåõãú¡ æóåöíó ÈöãóÚúäóì (ãóÚó) Ýöí ÊóÝúÓöíÑö ÇáúãóÚúäóì¡ æóäõÞöáó Úóäú ÕóÇÍöÈö «ÇáúßóÔøóÇÝö» Ãóäøóåõ äóÙøóÑó (Ýöí) ÇáøóÊöí Ýöí åóÐöåö ÇáúÂíóÉö ÈöÝöí ÇáøóÊöí Ýöí Þóæúáö ÚõÑúæóÉó Èúäö ÃõÐóíúäóÉó:
Åöäú Êóßõäú Úóäú ÍõÓúäö ÇáÕøóäöíÚóÉö ãóÃúÝõæ ... ßóÇ ÝóÝöí ÂÎóÑöíäó ÞóÏú ÃõÝößõæÇ
æóãóÚúäóì: ÞóÏú ÎóáóÊú ÞóÏú ãóÖóÊú æóÇäúÞóÑóÖóÊú ÞóÈúáóßõãú¡ ßóãóÇ Ýöí Þóæúáöåö ÊóÚóÇáóì: Êöáúßó ÃõãøóÉñ ÞóÏú ÎóáóÊú Ýöí ÓõæÑóÉö ÇáúÈóÞóÑóÉö [134] ¡ íóÚúäöí: Ãóäøó ÍóÇáóåõãú ßóÍóÇáö ÇáúÃõãóãö ÇáúãõßóÐøöÈöíäó ÞóÈúáóåõãú¡ æóåóÐóÇ ÊóÐúßöíÑñ áóåõãú ÈöãóÇ ÍóÇÞó ÈöÃõæáóÆößó ÇáúÃõãóãö ãöäú ÚóÐóÇÈö ÇáÏøõäúíóÇ ßóÞóæúáöåö: æóÊóÈóíøóäó áóßõãú ßóíúÝó ÝóÚóáúäÇ Èöåöãú [ÅöÈúÑóÇåöíã: 45] æóÊóÚúÑöíÖñ ÈöÇáúæóÚöíÏö ÈöÃóäú íóÍöáøó Èöåöãú ãöËúáõ Ðóáößó¡ æóÊóÕúÑöíÍñ ÈöÃóäøóåõãú Ýöí ÚóÐóÇÈö ÇáäøóÇÑö ÓóæóÇÁñ.
ßõáøóãÇ ÏóÎóáóÊú ÃõãøóÉñ áóÚóäóÊú ÃõÎúÊóåÇ ÍóÊøóì ÅöÐóÇ ÇÏøóÇÑóßõæÇ ÝöíåÇ ÌóãöíÚÇð ÞÇáóÊú ÃõÎúÑÇåõãú áöÃõæáÇåõãú ÑóÈøóäÇ åÄõáÇÁö ÃóÖóáøõæäÇ ÝóÂÊöåöãú ÚóÐÇÈÇð ÖöÚúÝÇð ãöäó ÇáäøóÇÑö ÞÇáó áößõáøò ÖöÚúÝñ æóáßöäú áóÇ ÊóÚúáóãõæäó æóÞÇáóÊú ÃõæáÇåõãú áöÃõÎúÑÇåõãú ÝóãÇ ßÇäó áóßõãú ÚóáóíúäÇ ãöäú ÝóÖúáò ÝóÐõæÞõæÇ ÇáúÚóÐÇÈó ÈöãÇ ßõäúÊõãú ÊóßúÓöÈõæäó(8-È/119)
ÌõãúáóÉõ: ßõáøóãÇ ÏóÎóáóÊú ÃõãøóÉñ áóÚóäóÊú ÃõÎúÊóåÇ ãõÓúÊóÃúäóÝóÉñ ÇÓúÊöÆúäóÇÝðÇ ÇÈúÊöÏóÇÆöíøðÇ¡ áöæóÕúÝö ÃóÍúæóÇáöåöãú Ýöí ÇáäøóÇÑö¡ æóÊóÝúÙöíÚöåóÇ áöáÓøóÇãöÚö¡ áöíóÊøóÚöÙó ÃãËÇáåã æíÓÊÈÔÑ ÇáúãõÄãäöíäó ÈöÇáÓøóáóÇãóÉö ãöãøóÇ ÃóÕóÇÈóåõãú ÝóÊóßõæäõ ÌõãúáóÉõ ÍóÊøóì ÅöÐóÇ ÇÏøóÇÑóßõæÇ ÏóÇÎöáóÉð Ýöí ÍíøÒ ÇáÇÓÊíäÇÝ.
æóíóÌõæÒõ Ãóäú Êóßõæäó ÌõãúáóÉõ: ßõáøóãÇ ÏóÎóáóÊú ÃõãøóÉñ ãõÚúÊóÑöÖóÉð Èóíúäó ÌõãúáóÉö: ÞÇáó ÇÏúÎõáõæÇ Ýöí Ãõãóãò ÞóÏú ÎóáóÊú ãöäú ÞóÈúáößõãú ãöäó ÇáúÌöäøö æóÇáúÅöäúÓö Ýöí ÇáäøóÇÑö æóÈóíúäó ÌõãúáóÉö: ÍóÊøóì ÅöÐóÇ ÇÏøóÇÑóßõæÇ ÝöíåÇ ÅöáóÎú. Úóáóì Ãóäú Êóßõæäó ÌõãúáóÉõ ÍóÊøóì ÅöÐóÇ ÇÏøóÇÑóßõæÇ ãõÑúÊóÈöØóÉð ÈöÌõãúáóÉò ÇÏúÎõáõæÇ Ýöí Ãõãóãò ÈöÊóÞúÏöíÑö ãóÍúÐõæÝò ÊóÞúÏöíÑõåõ: ÝóíóÏúÎõáõæäó ÍóÊøóì ÅöÐóÇ ÇÏøóÇÑóßõæÇ.
æó (ãóÇ) Ýöí Þóæúáöåö: ßõáøóãÇ ÙóÑúÝöíøóÉñ ãóÕúÏóÑöíøóÉñ¡ Ãóíú ßõáøó æóÞúÊö ÏõÎõæáö ÃõãøóÉò áóÚóäóÊú ÃõÎúÊóåóÇ.
æóÇáÊøóÞúÏöíÑõ: áóÚóäóÊú ßõáøõ ÃõãøóÉò ãöäúåõãú ÃõÎúÊóåóÇ Ýöí ßõáøö ÃóæúÞóÇÊö ÏõÎõæáö ÇáúÃõãøóÉö ãöäúåõãú¡ ÝóÊõÝöíÏõ Úõãõæãó ÇáúÃóÒúãöäóÉö.
æÃõãøóÉñ äóßöÑóÉñ æóÞóÚóÊú Ýöí ÍóíøöÒö Úõãõæãö ÇáúÃóÒúãöäóÉö¡ ÝóÊõÝöíÏõ ÇáúÚõãõæãó¡ Ãóíú ßõáøó ÃõãøóÉò ÏóÎóáóÊú¡ æóßóÐóáößó: ÃõÎúÊóåÇ äóßöÑóÉñ áöÃóäøóåõ ãõÖóÇÝñ Åöáóì ÖóãöíÑö äóßöÑóÉò ÝóáóÇ íóÊóÚóÑøóÝõ ÝóÊõÝöíÏõ ÇáúÚõãõæãó ÃóíúÖðÇ¡ Ãóíú ßõáøó ÃõãøóÉò ÊóÏúÎõáõ ÊóáúÚóäõ ßõáøó ÃõÎúÊò áóåóÇ¡ æóÇáúãõÑóÇÏõ ÈöÃõÎúÊöåóÇ ÇáúãõãóÇËöáóÉõ áóåóÇ Ýöí ÇáÏøöíäö ÇáøóÐöí ÃóæúÌóÈó áóåóÇ ÇáÏøõÎõæáó Ýöí ÇáäøóÇÑö¡ ßóãóÇ íõÞóÇáõ: åóÐöåö ÇáúÃõãøóÉõ ÃõÎúÊõ Êöáúßó ÇáúÃõãøóÉö ÅöÐóÇ ÇÔúÊóÑóßóÊóÇ Ýöí ÇáäøóÓóÈö¡ ÝóíõÞóÇáõ:
ÈóßúÑñ æóÃõÎúÊõåóÇ ÊóÛóáöÈõ¡ æóãöäúåõ Þóæá ÃÈí ÇáØøÈíÈ:
æóßóØóÓúãò æóÃõÎúÊöåóÇ Ýöí ÇáúÈöÚóÇÏö
íõÑöíÏõ: ßóØóÓúãò æóÌóÏöíÓò.
æóÇáúãóÞóÇãõ íõÚóíøöäó ÌöåóÉó ÇáúÃõÎõæøóÉö¡ æóÓóÈóÈõ ÇááøóÚúäö Ãóäøó ßõáøó ÃõãøóÉò ÅöäøóãóÇ ÊóÏúÎõáõ ÇáäøóÇÑó ÈóÚúÏó ãõäóÇÞóÔóÉö ÇáúÍöÓóÇÈö¡ æóÇáúÃóãúÑö ÈöÅöÏúÎóÇáöåöãõ ÇáäøóÇÑó¡ æóÅöäøóãóÇ íóÞóÚõ Ðóáößó ÈóÚúÏó Ãóäú íóÊóÈóíøóäó áóåõãú(8-È/120)
Ãóäøó ãóÇ ßóÇäõæÇ Úóáóíúåö ãöäó ÇáÏøöíäö åõæó ÖóáóÇáñ æóÈóÇØöáñ¡ æóÈöÐóáößó ÊóÞóÚõ Ýöí äõÝõæÓöåöãú ßóÑóÇåöíóÉõ ãóÇ ßóÇäõæÇ Úóáóíúåö¡ áöÃóäøó ÇáäøõÝõæÓó ÊóßúÑóåõ ÇáÖøóáóÇáó æóÇáúÈóÇØöáó ÈóÚúÏó ÊóÈóíøõäöåö¡ æóáöÃóäøóåõãú ÑóÃóæúÇ Ãóäøó ÚóÇÞöÈóÉó Ðóáöß ßóÇäóÊ ãÌáíÉ ÇáúÚöÞóÇÈö áóåõãú ÝóíóÒúÏóÇÏõæäó ÈöÐóáößó ßóÑóÇåöíóÉð áöÏöíäöåöãú¡ ÝóÅöÐóÇ ÏóÎóáõæÇ ÇáäøóÇÑó ÝóÑóÃóæúÇ ÇáúÃõãóãó ÇáøóÊöí ÃõÏúÎöáóÊö ÇáäøóÇÑó ÞóÈúáóåõãú ÚóáöãõæÇ¡ ÈöæóÌúåò ãöäú æõÌõæåö ÇáúÚöáúãö¡ Ãóäøóåõãú ÃõÏúÎöáõæÇ ÇáäøóÇÑó ÈöÐóáößó ÇáÓøóÈóÈö ÝóáóÚóäõæåõãú áößóÑóÇåöíóÉö Ïöíäöåöãú æóãóäö ÇÊøóÈóÚõæåõ.
æóÞöíáó: ÇáúãõÑóÇÏõ ÈöÃõÎúÊöåóÇ ÃóÓúáóÇÝõåóÇ ÇáøóÐöíäó ÃóÖóáøõæåóÇ.
æóÃóÝóÇÏóÊú ßõáøóãÇ áöãóÇ ÝöíåóÇ ãöäú ãóÚúäóì ÇáÊøóæúÞöíÊö: Ãóäøó Ðóáößó ÇááøóÚúäó íóÞóÚõ ÚöäúÏó ÏõÎõæáö ÇáúÃõãøóÉö ÇáäøóÇÑó¡ ÝóíóÊóÚóíøóäõ ÅöÐóäú Ãóäú íóßõæäó ÇáÊøóÞúÏöíÑõ: áóÚóäóÊú ÃõÎúÊóåóÇ ÇáÓøóÇÈöÞóÉó ÅöíøóÇåóÇ Ýöí ÇáÏøõÎõæáö Ýöí ÇáäøóÇÑö¡ ÝóÇáúÃõãøóÉõ ÇáøóÊöí ÊóÏúÎõáõ ÇáäøóÇÑó Ãóæøóáó ãóÑøóÉò ÞóÈúáó ÛóíúÑöåóÇ ãöäó ÇáúÃõãóãö áóÇ ÊóáúÚóäõ ÃõÎúÊóåóÇ¡ æóíõÚúáóãõ ÃóäøóåóÇ ÊóáúÚóäõ ãóäú íóÏúÎõáõ ÈóÚúÏóåóÇ ÇáËøóÇäöíóÉó¡ æóãóäú ÈóÚúÏóåóÇ ÈöØóÑöíÞö ÇáúÃóæúáóì¡ Ãóæú ÊóÑõÏøõ ÇááøóÚúäó Úóáóì ßõáøö ÃõÎúÊò áóÇÚöäóÉò. æóÇáúãóÚúäóì:
ßõáøóãóÇ ÏóÎóáóÊú ÃõãøóÉñ ãöäúåõãú ÈöÞóÑöíäóÉö Þóæúáöåö: áóÚóäóÊú ÃõÎúÊóåÇ.
æó (ÍóÊøóì) Ýöí Þóæúáöåö: ÍóÊøóì ÅöÐóÇ ÇÏøóÇÑóßõæÇ ÇÈúÊöÏóÇÆöíøóÉñ¡ Ýóåöíó ÌõãúáóÉñ ãõÓúÊóÃúäóÝóÉñ æóÞóÏú ÊóÞóÏøóãó Ýöí ÇáúÂíóÉö ÞóÈúáó åóÐöåö Ãóäøó (ÍóÊøóì) ÇáöÇÈúÊöÏóÇÆöíøóÉó ÊõÝöíÏõ ãóÚúäóì ÇáÊøóÓóÈøõÈö¡ Ãóíú ÊóÓóÈøõÈö ãóÖúãõæäö ãóÇ ÞóÈúáóåóÇ Ýöí ãóÖúãõæäö ãóÇ ÈóÚúÏóåóÇ¡ ÝóíóÌõæÒõ Ãóäú Êóßõæäó ãõÊóÑóÊøöÈóÉð Ýöí ÇáúãóÚúäóì Úóáóì ãóÖúãõæäö Þóæúáöåö: ÞÇáó ÇÏúÎõáõæÇ Ýöí Ãõãóãò ÞóÏú ÎóáóÊú ÅöáóÎú¡ æóíóÌõæÒõ Ãóäú Êóßõæäó ãõÊóÑóÊøöÈóÉð Úóáóì ãóÖúãõæäö Þóæúáöåö: ßõáøóãÇ ÏóÎóáóÊú ÃõãøóÉñ áóÚóäóÊú ÃõÎúÊóåÇ.
æÇÏøóÇÑóßõæÇ ÃóÕúáõåõ ÊóÏóÇÑóßõæÇ ÝóÞõáöÈóÊö ÇáÊøóÇÁõ ÏóÇáøðÇ áöíóÊóÃóÊøóì ÅöÏúÛóÇãõåóÇ Ýöí ÇáÏøóÇáö áöáÊøóÎúÝöíÝö¡ æóÓõßøöäóÊú áöíóÊóÍóÞøóÞó ãóÚúäóì ÇáúÅöÏúÛóÇãö ÇáúãõÊóÍóÑøößóíúäö¡ áöËöÞóáò æóÇÌúÊõáöÈóÊú åóãúÒóÉõ ÇáúæóÕúáö áöÃóÌúáö ÇáöÇÈúÊöÏóÇÁö ÈöÇáÓøóÇßöäö¡ æóåóÐóÇ ÞóáúÈñ áóíúÓó ÈöãõÊóÚóíøóäò¡ æóÅöäøóãóÇ åõæó ãõÓúÊóÍúÓóäñ¡ æóáóíúÓó åõæó ãöËúáó ÞóáúÈö ÇáÊøóÇÁö Ýöí ÇÏøóÇäó æóÇÒúÏóÇÏó æóÇÏøóßóÑó: æóãóÚúäóÇåõ: ÃóÏúÑóßó ÈóÚúÖõåõãú ÈóÚúÖðÇ¡ ÝóÕöíÛó ãöäó ÇáúÅöÏúÑóÇßö æóÒúäõ ÇáÊøóÝóÇÚõáö¡ æóÇáúãóÚúäóì:
ÊóáóÇÍóÞõæÇ æóÇÌúÊóãóÚõæÇ Ýöí ÇáäøóÇÑö. æóÞóæúáõåõ: ÌóãöíÚÇð ÍóÇáñ ãöäú ÖóãöíÑö ÇÏøóÇÑóßõæÇ áöÊóÍúÞöíÞö ÇÓúÊöíÚóÇÈö ÇáöÇÌúÊöãóÇÚö¡ Ãóíú ÍóÊøóì ÅöÐóÇ ÇÌúÊóãóÚóÊú Ãõãóãõ ÇáÖøóáóÇáö ßõáøõåóÇ.(8-È/121)
æóÇáúãõÑóÇÏõ: Èö ÃõÎúÑÇåõãú: ÇáúÂÎöÑóÉõ Ýöí ÇáÑøõÊúÈóÉö¡ æóåõãõ ÇáúÃóÊúÈóÇÚõ æóÇáÑøóÚöíøóÉõ ãöäú ßõáøö ÃõãøóÉò ãöäú Êöáúßó ÇáúÃõãóãö¡ áöÃóäøó ßõáøó ÃõãøóÉò Ýöí ÚóÕúÑò áóÇ ÊóÎúáõæ ãöäú ÞóÇÏóÉò æóÑóÚóÇÚò¡ æóÇáúãõÑóÇÏõ ÈöÇáúÃõæáóì: ÇáúÃõæáóì Ýöí
ÇáúãóÑúÊóÈóÉö æóÇáöÇÚúÊöÈóÇÑö¡ æóåõãõ ÇáúÞóÇÏóÉõ æóÇáúãóÊúÈõæÚõæäó ãöäú ßõáøö ÃõãøóÉò ÃóíúÖðÇ¡ ÝóÇáúÃõÎúÑóì æóÇáúÃõæáóì åõäóÇ ÕöÝóÊóÇäö ÌóÑóÊóÇ Úóáóì ãóæúÕõæÝóíúäö ãóÍúÐõæÝóíúäö¡ Ãóíú ÃõÎúÑóì ÇáØøóæóÇÆöÝö áöÃõæáóÇåõãú¡ æóÞöíáó: ÃõÑöíÏó ÈöÇáúÃõÎúÑóì ÇáúãõÊóÃóÎøöÑóÉó Ýöí ÇáÒøóãóÇäö¡ æóÈöÇáúÃõæáóì ÃóÓúáóÇÝóåõãú¡ áöÃóäøóåõãú íóÞõæáõæäó: ÅöäøóÇ æóÌóÏúäÇ ÂÈÇÁóäÇ Úóáì ÃõãøóÉò [ÇáÒÎÑÝ: 23] . æóåóÐóÇ áóÇ íõáóÇÆöãõ ãóÇ íóÃúÊöí ÈóÚúÏóåõ.
æóÇááøóÇãõ Ýöí: áöÃõæáÇåõãú áóÇãõ ÇáúÚöáøóÉö¡ æóáóíúÓóÊö ÇááøóÇãó ÇáøóÊöí íóÊóÚóÏøóì ÈöåóÇ ÝöÚúáõ ÇáúÞóæúáö¡ áöÃóäøó Þóæúáó ÇáØøóÇÆöÝóÉö ÇáúÃóÎöíÑóÉö ãõæóÌøóåñ Åöáóì Çááøóåö ÊóÚóÇáóì¡ ÈöÕóÑöíÍö Þóæúáöåöãú: ÑóÈøóäÇ åÄõáÇÁö ÃóÖóáøõæäÇ ÅöáóÎú¡ áóÇ Åöáóì ÇáØøóÇÆöÝóÉö ÇáúÃõæáóì¡ Ýóåöíó ßóÇááøóÇãö Ýöí Þóæúáöåö ÊóÚóÇáóì: æóÞÇáó ÇáøóÐöíäó ßóÝóÑõæÇ áöáøóÐöíäó ÂãóäõæÇ áóæú ßÇäó ÎóíúÑÇð ãóÇ ÓóÈóÞõæäÇ Åöáóíúåö [ÇáúÃóÍúÞóÇÝ: 11] .
æóÇáÖøöÚúÝõ- ÈößóÓúÑö ÇáÖøóÇÏö- ÇáúãöËúáõ áöãöÞúÏóÇÑö ÇáÔøóíúÁö¡ æóåõæó ãöäó ÇáúÃóáúÝóÇÙö ÇáÏøóÇáøóÉö Úóáóì ãóÚúäðì äöÓúÈöíøò íóÞúÊóÖöí æõÌõæÏó ãóÚúäðì ÂÎóÑó¡ ßóÇáÒøóæúÌö æóÇáäøöÕúÝö¡ æóíõÎúÊóÕøõ ÈöÇáúãöÞúÏóÇÑö æóÇáúÚóÏóÏö¡ åóÐóÇ Þóæúáõ ÃóÈöí ÚõÈóíúÏóÉ æÇáÒøÌÇÌ æÃÆãøÉ ÇááøõÛóÉö¡ æóÞóÏú íõÓúÊóÚúãóáõ ÝöÚúáõåõ Ýöí ãõØúáóÞö ÇáÊøóßúËöíÑö æóÐóáößó ÅöÐóÇ ÃõÓúäöÏó Åöáóì ãóÇ áóÇ íóÏúÎõáõ ÊóÍúÊó ÇáúãöÞúÏóÇÑö¡ ãöËúáó ÇáúÚóÐóÇÈö Ýöí Þóæúáöåö ÊóÚóÇáóì: íõÖÇÚóÝú áóåõ ÇáúÚóÐÇÈõ íóæúãó ÇáúÞöíÇãóÉö
[ÇáúÝÑúÞóÇä: 69]- æóÞóæúáöåö- íõÖÇÚóÝú áóåóÇ ÇáúÚóÐÇÈõ ÖöÚúÝóíúäö [ÇáúÃóÍúÒóÇÈ: 30] ÃóÑóÇÏó ÇáúßóËúÑóÉó ÇáúÞóæöíøóÉó ÝóÞóæúáõåõãú åõäóÇ ÝóÂÊöåöãú ÚóÐÇÈÇð ÖöÚúÝÇð Ãóíú ÃóÚúØöåöãú ÚóÐóÇÈðÇ åõæó ÖöÚúÝõ ÚóÐóÇÈò ÂÎóÑó¡ ÝóÚõáöãó Ãóäøóåõ¡ ÂÊóÇåõãú ÚóÐóÇÈðÇ¡ æóåõãú ÓóÃóáõæÇ ÒöíóÇÏóÉó ÞõæøóÉò Ýöíåö ÊóÈúáõÛõ ãóÇ íõÚóÇÏöáõ ÞõæøóÊóåõ¡ æóáöÐóáößó áóãøóÇ æõÕöÝó ÈöÖöÚúÝò Úõáöãó Ãóäøóåõ ãóËóáñ áöÚóÐóÇÈò ÍóÕóáó ÞóÈúáóåõ ÅöÐú áóÇ ÊóÞõæáõ: ÃóßúÑóãúÊõ ÝõáóÇäó ÖöÚúÝðÇ¡ ÅöáøóÇ ÅöÐóÇ ßóÇäó ÅößúÑóÇãõßó Ýöí ãõÞóÇÈóáóÉö ÅößúÑóÇãò ÂÎóÑó¡ ÝóÃóäúÊó ÊóÒöíÏõåõ¡ Ýóåõãú ÓóÃóáõæÇ áóåõãú ãõÖóÇÚóÝóÉó ÇáúÚóÐóÇÈö áöÃóäøóåõãú ÚóáöãõæÇ Ãóäøó ÇáÖøóáóÇáó ÓóÈóÈõ ÇáúÚóÐóÇÈö¡ ÝóÚóáöãõæÇ Ãóäøó ÇáøóÐöíäó ÔóÑóÚõæÇ ÇáÖøóáóÇáó åõãú Ãóæúáóì ÈöÚõÞõæÈóÉò ÃóÔóÏøó ãöäú ÚõÞõæÈóÉö ÇáøóÐöíäó ÊóÞóáøóÏõæåõ æóÇÊøóÈóÚõæåõãú¡ ßóãóÇ(8-È/122)
ÞóÇáó ÊóÚóÇáóì Ýöí ÇáúÂíóÉö ÇáúÃõÎúÑóì: íóÞõæáõ ÇáøóÐöíäó ÇÓúÊõÖúÚöÝõæÇ áöáøóÐöíäó ÇÓúÊóßúÈóÑõæÇ áóæúáÇ ÃóäúÊõãú áóßõäøóÇ ãõÄúãöäöíäó [ÓÈÃ: 31] .
æóÝöÚúáõ: ÞÇáó ÍößóÇíóÉñ áöÌóæóÇÈö Çááøóåö ÅöíøóÇåõãú Úóäú ÓõÄóÇáöåöãú ãõÖóÇÚóÝóÉó ÇáúÚóÐóÇÈö áöÞóÇÏóÊöåöãú¡ ÝóáöÐóáößó ÝõÕöáó æóáóãú íõÚúØóÝú ÌóÑúíðÇ Úóáóì ØóÑöíÞóÉö ÍößóÇíóÉö ÇáúÃóÞúæóÇáö Ýöí ÇáúãõÍóÇæóÑóÇÊö¡ æóÇáÊøóäúæöíäõ Ýöí Þóæúáöåö: áößõáøò ÚöæóÖñ Úóäö ÇáúãõÖóÇÝö Åöáóíúåö ÇáúãóÍúÐõæÝö¡ æóÇáÊøóÞúÏöíÑõ: áößõáøö ÃõãøóÉò¡ Ãóæú áößõáøö ØóÇÆöÝóÉò ÖöÚúÝñ¡ Ãóíú ÒöíóÇÏóÉõ ÚóÐóÇÈò ãöËúáõ ÇáúÚóÐóÇÈö ÇáøóÐöí åöíó ãõÚóÐøóÈóÉñ Ãóæøóáó ÇáúÃóãúÑö¡ ÝóÃóãøóÇ ãõÖóÇÚóÝóÉõ ÇáúÚóÐóÇÈö áöáúÞóÇÏóÉö ÝóáöÃóäøóåõãú ÓóäøõæÇ ÇáÖøóáóÇáó Ãóæú ÃóíøóÏõæåõ æóäóÕóÑõæåõ æóÐóÈøõæÇ Úóäúåõ ÈöÇáÊøóãúæöíåö æóÇáúãõÛóÇáóØóÇÊö ÝóÃóÖóáøõæÇ¡ æóÃóãøóÇ ãõÖóÇÚóÝóÊõåõ áöáúÃóÊúÈóÇÚö ÝóáöÃóäøóåõãú ÖóáøõæÇ ÈöÅöÖúáóÇáö ÞóÇÏóÊöåöãú¡ æóáöÃóäøóåõãú ÈöØóÇÚóÊöåöãõ ÇáúÚóãúíóÇÁö áöÞóÇÏóÊöåöãú¡ æóÔõßúÑöåöãú ÅöíøóÇåõãú Úóáóì ãóÇ íóÑúÓõãõæäó áóåõãú¡ æóÅöÚúØóÇÆöåöãú ÅöíøóÇåõãõ ÇáúÃóãúæóÇáó æóÇáÑøõÔóì¡ íóÒöíÏõæäóåõãú ØõÛúíóÇäðÇ æóÌóÑóÇÁóÉð
Úóáóì ÇáúÅöÖúáóÇáö æóíõÛúÑõæäóåõãú ÈöÇáöÇÒúÏöíóÇÏö ãöäúåõ.
æóÇáöÇÓúÊöÏúÑóÇßõ Ýöí Þóæúáöåö: æóáßöäú áóÇ ÊóÚúáóãõæäó áöÑóÝúÚö ãóÇ Êõæåöãõåõ ÇáÊøóÓúæöíóÉõ Èóíúäó ÇáúÞóÇÏóÉö æóÇáúÃóÊúÈóÇÚö Ýöí ãõÖóÇÚóÝóÉö ÇáúÚóÐóÇÈö: Ãóäøó ÇáÊøóÛúáöíÙó Úóáóì ÇáúÃóÊúÈóÇÚö ÈöáóÇ ãõæÌöÈò¡ áöÃóäøóåõãú áóæúáóÇ ÇáúÞóÇÏóÉõ áóãóÇ ÖóáøõæÇ¡ æóÇáúãóÚúäóì: Ãóäøóßõãú áóÇ ÊóÚúáóãõæäó ÇáúÍóÞóÇÆöÞó æóáóÇ ÊóÔúÚõÑõæäó ÈöÎóÝóÇíóÇ ÇáúãóÚóÇäöí¡ ÝóáöÐóáößó ÙóäóäúÊõãú Ãóäøó ãõæÌöÈó ãõÖóÇÚóÝóÉö ÇáúÚóÐóÇÈö áóåõãú Ïõæäóßõãú åõæó Ãóäøóåõãú Úóáøóãõæßõãõ ÇáÖøóáóÇáó¡ æóáóæú ÚóáöãúÊõãú ÍóÞøó ÇáúÚöáúãö áóÇØøóáóÚúÊõãú Úóáóì ãóÇ ßóÇäó áöØóÇÚóÊößõãú ÅöíøóÇåõãú ãöäó ÇáúÃóËóÑö Ýöí ÅöÛúÑóÇÆöåöãú ÈöÇáöÇÒúÏöíóÇÏö ãöäó ÇáúÅöÖúáóÇáö. æóãóÝúÚõæáõ ÊóÚúáóãõæäó ãóÍúÐõæÝñ Ïóáøó Úóáóíúåö Þóæúáõåõ: áößõáøò ÖöÚúÝñ¡ æóÇáÊøóÞúÏöíÑõ: áóÇ ÊóÚúáóãõæäó ÓóÈóÈó ÊóÖúÚöíÝö ÇáúÚóÐóÇÈö áößõáøò ãöäó ÇáØøóÇÆöÝóÊóíúäö¡ íóÚúäöí áóÇ ÊóÚúáóãõæäó ÓóÈóÈó ÊóÖúÚöíÝöåö áóßõãú áöÙõåõæÑö Ãóäøóåõãú ÚóáöãõæÇ ÓóÈóÈó ÊóÖúÚöíÝöåö áöáøóÐöíäó ÃóÖóáøõæåõãú.
æóÞóÑóÃó ÇáúÌõãúåõæÑõ: áóÇ ÊóÚúáóãõæäó- ÈöÊóÇÁö ÇáúÎöØóÇÈö- Úóáóì Ãóäøóåõ ãöäú ÊóãóÇãö ãóÇ ÎóÇØóÈó Çááøóåõ Èöåö ÇáúÃõãøóÉó ÇáúÃõÎúÑóì¡ æóÞóÑóÃóåõ ÃóÈõæ ÈóßúÑò Úóäú ÚóÇÕöãò- ÈöíóÇÁö ÇáúÛóíúÈóÉö- Ýóíóßõæäõ(8-È/123)
ÈöãóäúÒöáóÉö ÇáÊøóÐúíöíáö ÎöØóÇÈðÇ áöÓóÇãöÚöí ÇáúÞõÑúÂäö¡ Ãóíú ÞóÇáó Çááøóåõ áóåõãú Ðóáößó æóåõãú áóÇ íóÚúáóãõæäó Ãóäøó áößõáøò ÖöÚúÝðÇ ÝóáöÐóáößó ÓóÃóáõæÇ ÇáÊøóÛúáöíÙó Úóáóì ÇáúÞóÇÏóÉö ÝóÃõÌöíÈõæÇ ÈöÃóäøó ÇáÊøóÛúáöíÙó ÞóÏú ÓõáøöØó Úóáóì ÇáúÝóÑöíÞóíúäö.
æóÚõØöÝóÊú ÌõãúáóÉõ: æóÞÇáóÊú ÃõæáÇåõãú áöÃõÎúÑÇåõãú Úóáóì ÌõãúáóÉö: ÞÇáóÊú ÃõÎúÑÇåõãú áöÃõæáÇåõãú áöÃóäøóåõãú áóãú íóÏúÎõáõæÇ Ýöí ÇáúãõÍóÇæóÑóÉö ÇÈúÊöÏóÇÁð ÝóáöÐóáößó áóãú ÊõÝúÕóáö ÇáúÌõãúáóÉõ.
æóÇáúÝóÇÁõ Ýöí Þóæúáöåöãú: ÝóãÇ ßÇäó áóßõãú ÚóáóíúäÇ ãöäú ÝóÖúáò ÝóÇÁñ ÝóÕöíÍóÉñ¡ ãõÑóÊøóÈóÉñ Úóáóì Þóæúáö Çááøóåö ÊóÚóÇáóì áößõáøò ÖöÚúÝñ ÍóíúËõ Óóæøóì Èóíúäó ÇáØøóÇÆöÝóÊóíúäö Ýöí ãõÖóÇÚóÝóÉö ÇáúÚóÐóÇÈö. æó (ãóÇ) äóÇÝöíóÉñ. æó (ãöäú) ÒóÇÆöÏóÉñ áöÊóÃúßöíÏö äóÝúíö ÇáúÝóÖúáö¡ áöÃóäøó ÅöÎúÈóÇÑó Çááøóåö ÊóÚóÇáóì ÈöÞóæúáöåö: (áößõáøò ÖöÚúÝñ) ÓóÈóÈñ áöáúÚöáúãö ÈöÃóäú áóÇ ãóÒöíøóÉó áöÃõÎúÑóÇåõãú Úóáóíúåöãú Ýöí ÊóÚúÐöíÈöåöãú ÚóÐóÇÈðÇ ÃóÞóáøó ãöäú ÚóÐóÇÈöåöãú¡ ÝóÇáÊøóÞúÏöíÑõ: ÝóÅöÐóÇ ßóÇäó áößõáøò ÖöÚúÝñ ÝóãóÇ ßóÇäó áóßõãú ãöäú ÝóÖúáò¡ æóÇáúãõÑóÇÏõ ÈöÇáúÝóÖúáö ÇáÒøöíóÇÏóÉõ ãöäó ÇáúÚóÐóÇÈö.æóÞóæúáõåõ:
ÝóÐõæÞõæÇ ÇáúÚóÐÇÈó ÈöãÇ ßõäúÊõãú ÊóßúÓöÈõæäó íóÌõæÒõ Ãóäú íóßõæäó ãöäú ßóáóÇãö ÃõæáóÇåõãú: ÚØÝæÇ Þóæúáåã:
ÝóÐõæÞõæÇ ÇáúÚóÐÇÈó Úóáóì Þóæúáöåöãú: ÝóãÇ ßÇäó áóßõãú ÚóáóíúäÇ ãöäú ÝóÖúáò ÈöÝóÇÁö ÇáúÚóØúÝö ÇáÏøóÇáøóÉö Úóáóì ÇáÊøóÑóÊøõÈö. ÝóÇáÊøóÔóÝøöí ãöäúåõãú ÝöíãóÇ äóÇáóåõãú ãöäú ÚóÐóÇÈö ÇáÖøöÚúÝö ÊóÑóÊøóÈó Úóáóì ÊóÍóÞøõÞö ÇäúÊöÝóÇÁö ÇáúÝóÖúáö Èóíúäóåõãú Ýöí ÊóÖúÚöíÝö ÇáúÚóÐóÇÈö ÇáøóÐöí ÃóÝúÕóÍó Úóäúåõ ÅöÎúÈóÇÑõ Çááøóåö ÈöÃóäøó áóåõãú ÚóÐóÇÈðÇ ÖöÚúÝðÇ.
æóÕöíÛóÉõ ÇáúÃóãúÑö Ýöí Þóæúáöåöãú: ÝóÐõæÞõæÇ ãõÓúÊóÚúãóáóÉñ Ýöí ÇáúÅöåóÇäóÉö æóÇáÊøóÔóÝøöí.
æóÇáÐøóæúÞõ ÇÓúÊõÚúãöáó ãóÌóÇÒðÇ ãõÑúÓóáðÇ Ýöí ÇáúÅöÍúÓóÇÓö ÈöÍóÇÓøóÉö ÇááøóãúÓö¡ æóÞóÏú ÊóÞóÏøóãó äóÙóÇÆöÑõåõ ÛóíúÑó ãóÑøóÉò.
æóÇáúÈóÇÁõ ÓóÈóÈöíøóÉñ¡ Ãóíú ÈöÓóÈóÈö ãóÇ ßõäúÊõãú ÊóßúÓöÈõæäó ãöãøóÇ ÃóæúÌóÈó áóßõãú ãõÖóÇÚóÝóÉó ÇáúÚóÐóÇÈö¡ æóÚóÈøóÑó
ÈöÇáúßóÓúÈö Ïõæäó ÇáúßõÝúÑö áöÃóäøóåõ ÃóÔúãóáõ áöÃóÍúæóÇáöåöãú¡ áöÃóäøó ÅöÖúáóÇáóåõãú áöÃóÚúÞóÇÈöåöãú ßóÇäó ÈöÇáúßõÝúÑö æóÈöÍõÈøö ÇáúÝóÎúÑö æóÇáúÅöÛúÑóÇÈö ÈöãóÇ Úóáøóãõæåõãú æóãóÇ ÓóäøõæÇ áóåõãú¡ ÝóÔóãöáó Ðóáößó ßõáøõåõ Ãóäøóåõ ßóÓúÈñ.(8-È/124)
Åöäøó ÇáøóÐöíäó ßóÐøóÈõæÇ ÈöÂíóÇÊöäóÇ æóÇÓúÊóßúÈóÑõæÇ ÚóäúåóÇ áóÇ ÊõÝóÊøóÍõ áóåõãú ÃóÈúæóÇÈõ ÇáÓøóãóÇÁö æóáóÇ íóÏúÎõáõæäó ÇáúÌóäøóÉó ÍóÊøóì íóáöÌó ÇáúÌóãóáõ Ýöí Óóãøö ÇáúÎöíóÇØö æóßóÐóáößó äóÌúÒöí ÇáúãõÌúÑöãöíäó (40) áóåõãú ãöäú Ìóåóäøóãó ãöåóÇÏñ æóãöäú ÝóæúÞöåöãú ÛóæóÇÔò æóßóÐóáößó äóÌúÒöí ÇáÙøóÇáöãöíäó (41)
íóÌõæÒõ Ãóäú íóßõæäó Þóæúáõåõ: ÝóÐõæÞõæÇ ÇáúÚóÐÇÈó ÈöãÇ ßõäúÊõãú ÊóßúÓöÈõæäó ãöäú ßóáóÇãö Çááøóåö ÊóÚóÇáóì¡ ãõÎóÇØöÈðÇ Èöåö ßöáóÇ ÇáúÝóÑöíÞóíúäö¡ Ýóíóßõæäõ ÚóØúÝðÇ Úóáóì Þóæúáöåö: áößõáøò ÖöÚúÝñ æóáßöäú áóÇ ÊóÚúáóãõæäó æóíóßõæäõ Þóæúáõåõ: æóÞÇáóÊú ÃõæáÇåõãú áöÃõÎúÑÇåõãú ÝóãÇ ßÇäó áóßõãú ÚóáóíúäÇ ãöäú ÝóÖúáò ÌõãúáóÉð ãõÚúÊóÑöÖóÉð Èóíúäó ÇáúÌõãúáóÊóíúäö ÇáúãõÊóÚóÇØöÝóÊóíúäö¡ æóÚóáóì ÇÚúÊöÈóÇÑöåö íóßõæäõ ÇáúÃóãúÑõ Ýöí Þóæúáöåö: ÝóÐõæÞõæÇ áöáÊøóßúæöíäö æóÇáúÅöåóÇäóÉö.
æóÝöíãóÇ ÞóÕøó Çááøóåõ ãöäú ãõÍóÇæóÑóÉö ÞóÇÏóÉö ÇáúÃõãóãö æóÃóÊúÈóÇÚöåöãú ãóÇ Ýöíåö ãóæúÚöÙóÉñ æóÊóÍúÐöíÑñ áöÞóÇÏóÉö ÇáúãõÓúáöãöíäó ãöäó ÇáúÅöíÞóÇÚö ÈöÃóÊúÈóÇÚöåöãú ÝöíãóÇ íóÒõÌøõ Èöåöãú Ýöí ÇáÖøóáóÇáóÉö¡ æóíõÍóÓøöäõ áóåõãú åóæóÇåõãú¡ æóãóæúÚöÙóÉñ áöÚóÇãøóÊöåöãú ãöäó ÇáöÇÓúÊöÑúÓóÇáö Ýöí ÊóÃúíöíÏö ãóäú íõÔóÇíöÚõ åóæóÇåõãú¡ æóáóÇ íõÈóáøöÛõåõãõ ÇáäøóÕöíÍóÉó¡
æóÝöí ÇáúÍóÏöíËö: «ßõáøõßõãú ÑóÇÚ æßáøßã ãÓÄæá Úóä ÑÚíøÊå»
. [40¡ 41]
[ÓõæÑóÉ ÇáúÃóÚúÑóÇÝ (7) : ÇáúÂíóÇÊ 40 Åöáóì 41]
Åöäøó ÇáøóÐöíäó ßóÐøóÈõæÇ ÈöÂíÇÊöäÇ æóÇÓúÊóßúÈóÑõæÇ ÚóäúåÇ áóÇ ÊõÝóÊøóÍõ áóåõãú ÃóÈúæÇÈõ ÇáÓøóãÇÁö æóáÇ íóÏúÎõáõæäó ÇáúÌóäøóÉó ÍóÊøóì íóáöÌó ÇáúÌóãóáõ Ýöí Óóãøö ÇáúÎöíÇØö æóßóÐáößó äóÌúÒöí ÇáúãõÌúÑöãöíäó (40) áóåõãú ãöäú Ìóåóäøóãó ãöåÇÏñ æóãöäú ÝóæúÞöåöãú ÛóæÇÔò æóßóÐáößó äóÌúÒöí ÇáÙøóÇáöãöíäó (41)
ÇÓúÊöÆúäóÇÝñ ÇÈúÊöÏóÇÆöíøñ ãóÓõæÞñ áöÊóÍúÞöíÞö ÎõáõæÏö ÇáúÝóÑöíÞóíúäö Ýöí ÇáäøóÇÑö¡ ÇáúæóÇÞöÚö Ýöí Þóæúáöåö: æóÇáøóÐöíäó ßóÐøóÈõæÇ ÈöÂíÇÊöäÇ æóÇÓúÊóßúÈóÑõæÇ ÚóäúåÇ ÃõæáÆößó ÃóÕúÍÇÈõ ÇáäøóÇÑö åõãú ÝöíåÇ ÎÇáöÏõæäó [ÇáúÃóÚúÑóÇÝ: 36] ÝóÃóÎúÈóÑó Çááøóåõ ÈöÃóäøóåõ ÍóÑóãóåõãú ÃóÓúÈóÇÈó ÇáäøóÌóÇÉö¡ ÝóÓóÏøó Úóáóíúåöãú ÃóÈúæóÇÈó ÇáúÎóíúÑö æóÇáÕøóáóÇÍö¡ æóÈöÃóäøóåõ ÍóÑóãóåõãú ãöäú ÏõÎõæáö ÇáúÌóäøóÉö.
æóÃóßøóÏó ÇáúÎóÈóÑó Èö Åöäøó áöÊóÃúíöíÓöåöãú ãöäú ÏõÎõæáö ÇáúÌóäøóÉö¡ áöÏóÝúÚö Êóæóåøõãö Ãóäú íóßõæäó ÇáúãõÑóÇÏõ ãöäó ÇáúÎõáõæÏö ÇáúãõÊóÞóÏøöãö ÐößúÑõåõ ÇáúßöäóÇíóÉó Úóäú Øõæáö ãõÏøóÉö ÇáúÈóÞóÇÁö Ýöí ÇáäøóÇÑö ÝóÅöäøóåõ æóÑóÏó Ýöí ãóæóÇÖöÚó ßóËöíÑóÉò ãõÑóÇÏðÇ Èöåö åóÐóÇ ÇáúãóÚúäóì.(8-È/125)
æóæóÞóÚó ÇáúÅöÙúåóÇÑõ Ýöí ãóÞóÇãö ÇáúÅöÖúãóÇÑö áöÏóÝúÚö ÇÍúÊöãóÇáö Ãóäú íóßõæäó ÇáÖøóãöíÑõ ÚóÇÆöÏðÇ Åöáóì ÅöÍúÏóì ÇáØøóÇÆöÝóÊóíúäö ÇáúãõÊóÍóÇæöÑóÊóíúäö Ýöí ÇáäøóÇÑö¡ æóÇÎúÊöíÑó ãöäú ØõÑõÞö ÇáúÅöÙúåóÇÑö ØóÑöíÞõ ÇáÊøóÚúÑöíÝö ÈöÇáúãóæúÕõæáö ÅöíÐóÇäðÇ ÈöãóÇ ÊæãìÁ Åöáóíúåö ÇáÕøöáóÉõ ãöäú æóÌúåö ÈöäóÇÁö ÇáúÎóÈóÑö¡ Ãóíú: Åöäøó Ðóáößó áöÃóÌúáö ÊóßúÐöíÈöåöãú ÈöÂíóÇÊö Çááøóåö æóÇÓúÊößúÈóÇÑöåöãú ÚóäúåóÇ¡ ßóãóÇ ÊóÞóÏøóãó Ýöí äóÙöíÑöåóÇ ÇáÓøóÇÈöÞö ÂäöÝðÇ.
æóÇáÓøóãóÇÁõ ÃõØúáöÞóÊú Ýöí ÇáúÞõÑúÂäö Úóáóì ãóÚóÇäò¡ æóÇáúÃóßúËóÑõ Ãóäú íõÑóÇÏó ÈöåóÇ ÇáúÚóæóÇáöãõ ÇáúÚõáúíóÇ ÛóíúÑõ
ÇáúÃóÑúÖöíøóÉö¡ ÝóÇáÓøóãóÇÁõ ãóÌúãõæÚõ ÇáúÚóæóÇáöãö ÇáúÚõáúíóÇ æóåöíó ãóÑóÇÊöÈõ æóÝöíåóÇ ÚóæóÇáöãõ ÇáúÞõÏúÓö ÇáúÅöáóåöíøóÉö ãöäó ÇáúãóáóÇÆößóÉö æóÇáÑøõæÍóÇäöíøóÇÊö ÇáÕøóÇáöÍóÉö ÇáäøóÇÝöÚóÉö¡ æóãóÕúÏóÑõ ÅöÝóÇÖóÉö ÇáúÎóíúÑóÇÊö ÇáÑøõæÍöíøóÉö æóÇáúÌõËúãóÇäöíøóÉö Úóáóì ÇáúÚóÇáóãö ÇáúÃóÑúÖöíøö¡ æóãóÕúÏóÑõ ÇáúãóÞóÇÏöíÑö ÇáúãõÞóÏøóÑóÉö ÞóÇáó ÊóÚóÇáóì: æóÝöí ÇáÓøóãÇÁö ÑöÒúÞõßõãú æóãÇ ÊõæÚóÏõæäó [ÇáÐÇÑíÇÊ: 22] ¡ ÝóÇáÓøóãóÇÁõ åóäóÇ ãõÑóÇÏñ ÈöåóÇ ÚóÇáóãõ ÇáúÞõÏúÓö.
æóÃóÈúæóÇÈõ ÇáÓøóãóÇÁö ÃóÓúÈóÇÈõ ÃõãõæÑò ÚóÙöíãóÉò ÃõØúáöÞó ÚóáóíúåóÇ ÇÓúãõ ÇáúÃóÈúæóÇÈö áöÊóÞúÑöíÈö ÍóÞóÇÆöÞöåóÇ Åöáóì ÇáúÃóÐúåóÇäö ÝóãöäúåóÇ ÞóÈõæáõ ÇáúÃóÚúãóÇáö¡ æóãóÓóÇáößõ æõÕõæáö ÇáúÃõãõæÑö ÇáúÎóíúÑöíøóÉö ÇáÕøóÇÏöÑóÉö ãöäú Ãóåúáö ÇáúÃóÑúÖö¡ æóØõÑõÞö ÞóÈõæáöåóÇ¡ æóåõæó ÊóãúËöíáñ áöÃóÓúÈóÇÈö ÇáÊøóÒúßöíóÉö¡ ÞóÇáó ÊóÚóÇáóì: æóÇáúÚóãóáõ ÇáÕøóÇáöÍõ íóÑúÝóÚõåõ [ÝÇØÑ:
10] ¡ æóãóÇ íóÚúáóãõ ÍóÞóÇÆöÞóåóÇ ÈöÇáÊøóÝúÕöíáö ÅöáøóÇ Çááøóåõ ÊóÚóÇáóì¡ áöÃóäøóåóÇ ãóÍúÌõæÈóÉñ ÚóäøóÇ¡ ÝóßóãóÇ Ãóäøó ÇáúÚõÝóÇÉó æóÇáÔøõÝóÚóÇÁó ÅöÐóÇ æóÑóÏõæÇ ÇáúãóßóÇäó ÞóÏú íõÞúÈóáõæäó æóíõÑúÖóì Úóäúåõãú ÝóÊõÝóÊøóÍõ áóåõãú ÃóÈúæóÇÈõ ÇáúÞõÕõæÑö æóÇáúÞöÈóÇÈö æóíóÏúÎõáõæäó ãõßóÑøóãöíäó¡ æóÞóÏú íõÑóÏøõæäó æóíõÓúÎóØõæäó ÝóÊõæÕóÏõ Ýöí æõÌõæåöåöãõ ÇáúÃóÈúæóÇÈõ¡ ãóËøóáó ÅöÞúÕóÇÁó ÇáúãõßóÐøöÈöíäó ÇáúãõÓúÊóßúÈöÑöíäó æóÚóÏóãó ÇáÑøöÖóÇ Úóäúåõãú Ýöí ÓóÇÆöÑö ÇáúÃóÍúæóÇáö¡ ÈöÍóÇáö ãóäú áóÇ ÊõÝóÊøóÍõ áóåõ ÃóÈúæóÇÈõ ÇáúãóäóÇÒöáö¡ æóÃõÖöíÝóÊö ÇáúÃóÈúæóÇÈõ Åöáóì ÇáÓøóãóÇÁö áöíóÙúåóÑó Ãóäøó åóÐóÇ ÊóãúËöíáñ áöÍöÑúãóÇäöåöãú ãöäú æóÓóÇÆöáö ÇáúÎóíúÑóÇÊö ÇáúÅöáóåöíøóÉö ÇáÑøõæÍöíøóÉö¡ ÝóíóÔúãóáõ Ðóáößó ÚóÏóãó ÇÓúÊöÌóÇÈóÉö ÇáÏøõÚóÇÁö¡ æóÚóÏóãó ÞóÈõæáö ÇáúÃóÚúãóÇáö æóÇáúÚöÈóÇÏóÇÊö¡ æóÍöÑúãóÇäó ÃóÑúæóÇÍöåöãú ÈóÚúÏó ÇáúãóæúÊö ãõÔóÇåóÏóÉó ãóäóÇÙöÑö ÇáúÌóäøóÉö æóãóÞóÇÚöÏö ÇáúãõÄúãöäöíäó ãöäúåóÇ¡ ÝóÞóæáå: áóÇ äÝÊÍ áóåõãú ÃóÈúæÇÈõ ÇáÓøóãÇÁö ßóáöãóÉñ ÌóÇãöÚóÉñ áöãóÚúäóì ÇáúÍöÑúãóÇäö ãöäó ÇáúÎóíúÑóÇÊö ÇáúÅöáóåöíøóÉö ÇáúãóÍúÖóÉö¡ æóÅöäú ßóÇäõæÇ íóäóÇáõæäó ãöäú äöÚóãö(8-È/126)
Çááøóåö ÇáúÌõËúãóÇäöíøóÉö ãóÇ íóäóÇáõåõ ÛóíúÑõåõãú¡ ÝóíõÛóÇËõæäó ÈöÇáúãóØóÑö¡ æóíóÃúÊöíåöãõ ÇáÑøöÒúÞõ ãöäó Çááøóåö¡ æóåóÐóÇ ÈóíóÇäñ áöÍóÇáö ÎõÐúáóÇäöåöãú Ýöí ÇáÏøõäúíóÇ ÇáúÍóÇÆöáö Èóíúäóåõãú æóÈóíúäó æóÓóÇÆöáö ÏõÎõæáö ÇáúÌóäøóÉö. ßóãóÇ
ÞóÇáó ÇáäøÈíÁ Õóáøóì Çááåõ Úóáóíúåö æóÓóáøóãó: «ßõáøñ ãõíóÓøóÑñ áöãóÇ ÎõáöÞó áóåõ»
æóÞóÇáó ÊóÚóÇáóì: ÝóÃóãøóÇ ãóäú ÃóÚúØì æóÇÊøóÞì æóÕóÏøóÞó ÈöÇáúÍõÓúäì ÝóÓóäõíóÓøöÑõåõ áöáúíõÓúÑì æóÃóãøóÇ ãóäú ÈóÎöáó æóÇÓúÊóÛúäì æóßóÐøóÈó ÈöÇáúÍõÓúäì ÝóÓóäõíóÓøöÑõåõ áöáúÚõÓúÑì [Çááøóíúá: 5- 10] .
æóÞóÑóÃó äóÇÝöÚñ¡ æóÇÈúäõ ßóËöíÑò¡ æóÚóÇÕöãñ¡ æóÇÈúäõ ÚóÇãöÑò¡ æóÃóÈõæ ÌóÚúÝóÑò¡ æóíóÚúÞõæÈõ: áóÇ ÊõÝóÊøóÍõ- ÈöÖóãøö ÇáÊøóÇÁö ÇáúÃõæáóì æóÝóÊúÍö ÇáúÝóÇÁö æóÇáÊøóÇÁõ ÇáËøóÇäöíóÉõ ãõÔóÏøóÏóÉñ- æóåõæó ãõÈóÇáóÛóÉñ Ýöí ÝóÊúÍò¡ ÝóíõÝöíÏõ ÊóÍúÞöíÞó äóÝúíö ÇáúÝóÊúÍö áóåõãú¡ Ãóæú ÃõÔöíÑó ÈöÊöáúßó ÇáúãõÈóÇáóÛóÉö Åöáóì Ãóäøó ÇáúãóäúÝöíøó ÝóÊúÍñ ãóÎúÕõæÕñ æóåõæó ÇáúÝóÊúÍõ ÇáøóÐöí íõÝúÊóÍõ áöáúãõÄúãöäöíäó¡ æóåõæó ÝóÊúÍñ Þóæöíøñ¡ ÝóÊóßõæäõ Êöáúßó ÇáúÅöÔóÇÑóÉõ ÒöíóÇÏóÉð Ýöí äößóÇíóÊöåöãú.
æóÞóÑóÃó ÃóÈõæ ÚóãúÑòæ- ÈöÖóãøö ÇáÊøóÇÁö ÇáúÃõæáóì æóÓõßõæäö ÇáúÝóÇÁö æóÝóÊúÍö ÇáÊøóÇÁö ÇáËøóÇäöíóÉö ãõÎóÝøóÝóÉð-. æóÞóÑóÃó ÍóãúÒóÉõ¡ æóÇáúßöÓóÇÆöíøõ¡ æóÎóáóÝñ áóÇ íóÝúÊóÍõ- ÈöãõËóäøóÇÉò ÊóÍúÊöíøóÉò Ýöí Ãóæøóáöåö ãóÚó ÊóÎúÝöíÝö ÇáúãõËóäøóÇÉö ÇáúÝóæúÞöíøóÉö ãóÝúÊõæÍóÉð- Úóáóì ÇÚúÊöÈóÇÑö ÊóÐúßöíÑö ÇáúÝöÚúáö áöÃóÌúáö ßóæúäö ÇáúÝóÇÚöáö ÌóãúÚðÇ áöãõÐóßøóÑò.
æóÞóæúáõåõ: æóáÇ íóÏúÎõáõæäó ÇáúÌóäøóÉó ÅöÎúÈóÇÑñ Úóäú ÍóÇáöåöãú Ýöí ÇáúÂÎöÑóÉö æóÊóÍúÞöíÞñ áöÎõáõæÏöåöãú Ýöí ÇáäøóÇÑö.
æóÈóÚúÏó Ãóäú ÍóÞøóÞó Ðóáößó ÈöÊóÃúßöíÏö ÇáúÎóÈóÑö ßõáøöåö ÈöÍóÑúÝö ÇáÊøóæúßöíÏö¡ ÒöíÏó ÊóÃúßöíÏðÇ ÈöØóÑöíÞö ÊóÃúßöíÏö ÇáÔøóíúÁö ÈöãóÇ íõÔúÈöåõ ÖöÏøóåõ¡ ÇáúãõÔúÊóåóÑö ÚöäúÏó Ãóåúáö ÇáúÈóíóÇäö ÈöÊóÃúßöíÏö ÇáúãóÏúÍö ÈöãóÇ íõÔúÈöåõ ÇáÐøóãøó¡ æóÐóáößó ÈöÞóæúáöåö ÊóÚóÇáóì:
ÍóÊøóì íóáöÌó ÇáúÌóãóáõ Ýöí Óóãøö ÇáúÎöíÇØö ÝóÞóÏú ÌóÚóáó áöÇäúÊöÝóÇÁö ÏõÎõæáöåöãõ ÇáúÌóäøóÉó ÇãúÊöÏóÇÏðÇ ãõÓúÊóãöÑøðÇ¡ ÅöÐú ÌóÚóáó ÛóÇíóÊóåõ ÔóíúÆðÇ ãõÓúÊóÍöíáðÇ¡ æóåõæó Ãóäú íóáöÌó ÇáúÌóãóáõ Ýöí Óóãøö ÇáúÎöíóÇØö¡ Ãóíú áóæú ßóÇäóÊú áöÇäúÊöÝóÇÁö ÏõÎõæáöåöãõ ÇáúÌóäøóÉó ÛóÇíóÉñ áóßóÇäóÊú ÛóÇíóÊõåõ æõáõæÌó ÇáúÌóãóáö- æóåõæó ÇáúÈóÚöíÑõ- Ýöí Óóãøö ÇáúÎöíóÇØö¡ æóåõæó ÃóãúÑñ áóÇ íóßõæäõ ÃóÈóÏðÇ.
æóÇáúÌóãóáõ: ÇáúÈóÚöíÑõ ÇáúãóÚúÑõæÝõ áöáúÚóÑóÈö¡ ÖõÑöÈó Èöåö ÇáúãóËóáõ áöÃóäøóåõ ÃóÔúåóÑõ ÇáúÃóÌúÓóÇãö Ýöí ÇáÖøóÎóÇãóÉö Ýöí ÚõÑúÝö ÇáúÚóÑóÈö. æóÇáúÎöíóÇØõ åõæó ÇáúãöÎúíóØõ- ÈößóÓúÑö Çáúãöíãö- æóåõæó(8-È/127)
ÂáóÉõ ÇáúÎöíóÇØóÉö ÇáúãõÓóãøóì ÈöÇáúÅöÈúÑóÉö¡ æóÇáúÝöÚóÇáõ æóÑóÏó ÇÓúãðÇ ãõÑóÇÏöÝðÇ áöáúãöÝúÚóáö Ýöí ÇáÏøóáóÇáóÉö Úóáóì ÂáóÉö ÇáÔøóíúÁö ßóÞóæúáöåöãú ÍöÒóÇãñ æóãöÍúÒóãñ¡ æóÅöÒóÇÑñ æóãöÆúÒóÑñ¡ æóáöÍóÇÝñ æóãöáúÍóÝñ¡ æóÞöäóÇÚñ æóãöÞúäóÚñ.
æóÇáÓøóãøõ: ÇáúÎóÑúÊõ ÇáøóÐöí Ýöí ÇáúÅöÈúÑóÉö íõÏúÎóáõ Ýöíåö ÎóíúØõ ÇáúÎóÇÆöØö¡ æóåõæó ËõÞúÈñ ÖóíøöÞñ¡ æóåõæó ÈöÝóÊúÍö ÇáÓøöíäö Ýöí ÇáúÂíóÉö ÈöáõÛóÉö ÞõÑóíúÔò æóÊõÖóãøõ ÇáÓøöíäõ Ýöí áõÛóÉö Ãóåúáö ÇáúÚóÇáöíóÉö. æóåöíó ãóÇ Èóíúäó äóÌúÏò æóÈóíúäó ÍõÏõæÏö ÃóÑúÖö ãóßøóÉó.
æóÇáúÞõÑúÂäõ ÃóÍóÇáó Úóáóì ãóÇ åõæó ãóÚúÑõæÝñ ÚöäúÏó ÇáäøóÇÓö ãöäú ÍóÞöíÞóÉö ÇáúÌóãóáö æóÍóÞöíÞóÉö ÇáúÎöíóÇØö¡ áöíõÚúáóãó Ãóäøó ÏõÎõæáó ÇáúÌóãóáö Ýöí ÎóÑúÊö ÇáúÅöÈúÑóÉö ãõÍóÇáñ ãõÊóÚóÐøóÑñ ãóÇ ÏóÇãóÇ Úóáóì ÍóÇáóíúåöãóÇ ÇáúãõÊóÚóÇÑóÝóíúäö.
æóÇáúÅöÔóÇÑóÉõ Ýöí Þóæúáöåö: æóßóÐáößó ÅöÔóÇÑóÉñ Åöáóì ÚóÏóãö ÊóÝóÊøõÍö ÃóÈúæóÇÈö ÇáÓøóãóÇÁö ÇáøóÐöí ÊóÖóãøóäóåõ Þóæúáõåõ: áóÇ ÊõÝóÊøóÍõ áóåõãú ÃóÈúæÇÈõ ÇáÓøóãÇÁö æóáÇ íóÏúÎõáõæäó ÇáúÌóäøóÉó Ãóíú¡ æóãöËúáõ Ðóáößó ÇáöÇäúÊöÝóÇÁö¡ Ãóíö ÇáúÍöÑúãóÇäö äóÌúÒöí ÇáúãõÌúÑöãöíäó áöÃóäøóåõãú ÈöÅöÌúÑóÇãöåöãõ¡ ÇáøóÐöí åõæó ÇáÊøóßúÐöíÈõ æóÇáúÅöÚúÑóÇÖõ¡ ÌóÚóáõæÇ ÃóäúÝõÓóåõãú ÛóíúÑó ãõßúÊóÑöËöíäó ÈöæóÓóÇÆöáö ÇáúÎóíúÑö æóÇáäøóÌóÇÉö¡ Ýóáóãú íóÊóæóÎøóæúåóÇ æóáóÇ ÊóØóáøóÈõæåóÇ¡ ÝóáöÐóáößó ÌóÒóÇåõãõ Çááøóåõ Úóäö ÇÓúÊößúÈóÇÑöåöãú Ãóäú ÃóÚúÑóÖó Úóäúåõãú¡ æóÓóÏøó Úóáóíúåöãú ÃóÈúæóÇÈó ÇáúÎóíúÑóÇÊö.
æóÌõãúáóÉõ æóßóÐáößó äóÌúÒöí ÇáúãõÌúÑöãöíäó ÊóÐúíöíáñ íõÄúÐöäõ ÈöÃóäøó ÇáúÅöÌúÑóÇãó åõæó ÇáøóÐöí ÃóæúÞóÚóåõãú Ýöí Ðóáößó ÇáúÌóÒóÇÁö¡ Ýóåõãú ÞóÏú ÏóÎóáõæÇ Ýöí Úõãõæãö ÇáúãõÌúÑöãöíäó ÇáøóÐöíäó íõÌúÒóæúäó ÈöãöËúáö Ðóáößó ÇáúÌóÒóÇÁö¡ æóåõãõ ÇáúãóÞúÕõæÏõ ÇáúÃóæøóáõ ãöäúåõãú¡ áöÃóäøó ÚöÞóÇÈó ÇáúãõÌúÑöãöíäó ÞÏ ÔÈøå ÚöÞóÇÈ ÇáúãõÌúÑãíä ÈöÚöÞóÇÈö åóÄõáóÇÁö¡ ÝóÚõáöãó Ãóäøóåõãú ãõÌúÑöãõæäó¡ æóÃóäøóåõãú Ýöí ÇáÑøóÚöíáö ÇáúÃóæøóáö ãöäó ÇáúãõÌúÑöãöíäó¡ ÍóÊøóì ÔóÈøóåó ÚöÞóÇÈó Úõãõæãö ÇáúãõÌúÑöãöíäó ÈöÚöÞóÇÈö åóÄõáóÇÁö
æóßóÇäõæÇ ãóËóáðÇ áöÐóáößó ÇáúÚõãõæãö.
æóÇáúÅöÌúÑóÇãõ: ÝöÚúáõ ÇáúÌõÑúãö- ÈöÖóãøö ÇáúÌöíãö- æóåõæó ÇáÐøóäúÈõ¡ æóÃóÕúáõ: ÃóÌúÑóãó ÕóÇÑó ÐóÇ ÌõÑúãò¡ ßóãóÇ íõÞóÇáõ: ÃóáúÈóäó æóÃóÊúãóÑó æóÃóÎúÕóÈó.
æóÇáúãöåóÇÏõ- ÈößóÓúÑö Çáúãöíãö- ãóÇ íõãóåøóÏõ Ãóí íÝÑÔ¡ æ «ÛæÇÔ» ÌóãúÚõ ÛóÇÔöíóÉò æóåöíó ãóÇ íóÛúÔóì ÇáúÅöäúÓóÇäó¡ Ãóíú íõÛóØøöíåö ßóÇáöáúÍóÇÝøö¡ ÔóÈøóåó ãóÇ åõæó ÊóÍúÊóåõãú ãöäó ÇáäøóÇÑö(8-È/128)
æóÇáøóÐöíäó ÂãóäõæÇ æóÚóãöáõæÇ ÇáÕøóÇáöÍóÇÊö áóÇ äõßóáøöÝõ äóÝúÓðÇ ÅöáøóÇ æõÓúÚóåóÇ ÃõæáóÆößó ÃóÕúÍóÇÈõ ÇáúÌóäøóÉö åõãú ÝöíåóÇ ÎóÇáöÏõæäó (42)
ÈöÇáúãöåóÇÏö¡ æóãóÇ åõæó ÝóæúÞóåõãú ãöäúåóÇ ÈöÇáúÛóæóÇÔöí¡ æóÐóáößó ßöäóÇíóÉñ Úóäö ÇäúÊöÝóÇÁö ÇáÑøóÇÍóÉö áóåõãú Ýöí Ìóåóäøóãó¡ ÝóÅöäøó ÇáúãóÑúÁó íóÍúÊóÇÌõ Åöáóì ÇáúãöåóÇÏö æóÇáúÛóÇÔöíóÉö ÚöäúÏó ÇÖúØöÌóÇÚöåö áöáÑøóÇÍóÉö¡ ÝóÅöÐóÇ ßóÇäó ãöåóÇÏõåõãú æóÛóÇÔöíóÊõåõãú ÇáäøóÇÑó. ÝóÞóÏö ÇäúÊóÝóÊú ÑóÇÍóÊõåõãú¡ æóåóÐóÇ ÐößúÑñ áöÚóÐóÇÈöåöãõ ÇáÓøõæÁö ÈóÚúÏó Ãóäú ÐóßóÑó ÍöÑúãóÇäóåõãú ãöäó ÇáúÎóíúÑö.
æóÞóæúáõåõ: ÛóæÇÔò æóÕúÝñ áöãõÞóÏøóÑò Ïóáøó Úóáóíúåö Þóæúáõåõ: ãöäú Ìóåóäøóãó¡ Ãóíú æóãöäú ÝóæúÞöåöãú äöíÑóÇäñ ßóÇáúÛóæóÇÔöí. æóÐóíøóáóåõ ÈöÞóæúáöåö: æóßóÐáößó äóÌúÒöí ÇáÙøóÇáöãöíäó áöíóÏõáøó Úóáóì Ãóäøó ÓóÈóÈó Ðóáößó ÇáúÌóÒóÇÁö ÈöÇáúÚöÞóÇÈö: åõæó ÇáÙøõáúãõ. æóåõæó ÇáÔøöÑúßõ. æóáóãøóÇ ßóÇäó ÌóÒóÇÁõ ÇáÙøóÇáöãöíäó ÞóÏú ÔõÈøöåó ÈöÌóÒóÇÁö ÇáøóÐöíäó ßóÐøóÈõæÇ ÈöÇáúÂíóÇÊö æóÇÓúÊóßúÈóÑõæÇ ÚóäúåóÇ¡ Úõáöãó Ãóäøó åóÄõáóÇÁö ÇáúãõßóÐøöÈöíäó ãöäú ÌõãúáóÉö ÇáÙøóÇáöãöíäó. æóåõãõ ÇáúãóÞúÕõæÏõ ÇáúÃóæøóáõ ãöäú åóÐóÇ ÇáÊøóÔúÈöíåö¡ ÈöÍóíúËõ ÕóÇÑõæÇ ãóËóáðÇ áöÚõãõæãö ÇáÙøóÇáöãöíäó¡ æóÈöåóÐóíúäö ÇáúÚõãõæãóíúäö ßóÇäó ÇáÌãáÊÇä ÊÐííáíä.
æóáóíúÓó Ýöí åóÐöåö ÇáúÌõãúáóÉö ÇáËøóÇäöíóÉö æóÖúÚõ ÇáÙøóÇåöÑö ãóæúÖöÚó ÇáúãõÖúãóÑö: áöÃóäøó ÇáúæóÕúÝóíúäö¡ æóÅöäú ßóÇäóÇ ÕóÇÏöÞóíúäö ãóÚðÇ Úóáóì ÇáúãõßóÐøöÈöíäó ÇáúãõÔóÈøóåö ÚöÞóÇÈõ ÃóÕúÍóÇÈö ÇáúæóÕúÝóíúäö ÈöÚöÞóÇÈöåöãú. ÝóæóÕúÝõ ÇáúãõÌúÑöãöíäó ÃóÚóãøõ ãóÝúåõæãðÇ ãöäú æóÕúÝö ÇáÙøóÇáöãöíäó¡ áöÃóäøó ÇáúÅöÌúÑóÇãó íóÔúãóáõ ÇáÊøóÚúØöíáó æóÇáúãóÌõæÓöíøóÉó ÈöÎöáóÇÝö ÇáúÅöÔúÑóÇßö. æóÍóÞöíÞóÉõ æóÖúÚö ÇáúãõÙúåóÑö ãóæúÞöÚó ÇáúãõÖúãóÑö ÅöäøóãóÇ ÊóÊóÞóæøóãõ ÍóíúËõ áóÇ íóßõæäõ áöáöÇÓúãö ÇáÙøóÇåöÑö ÇáúãóÐúßõæÑö ãóÚúäðì ÒóÇÆöÏñ Úóáóì ãÚäì ÇáÖøãíÑ.
[42]
[ÓõæÑóÉ ÇáúÃóÚúÑóÇÝ (7) : ÂíóÉ 42]
æóÇáøóÐöíäó ÂãóäõæÇ æóÚóãöáõæÇ ÇáÕøóÇáöÍÇÊö áóÇ äõßóáøöÝõ äóÝúÓÇð ÅöáÇøó æõÓúÚóåÇ ÃõæáÆößó ÃóÕúÍÇÈõ ÇáúÌóäøóÉö åõãú ÝöíåÇ ÎÇáöÏõæäó (42)
ÃóÚúÞóÈó ÇáúÅöäúÐóÇÑó æóÇáúæóÚöíÏó áöáúãõßóÐøöÈöíäó¡ ÈöÇáúÈöÔóÇÑóÉö æóÇáúæóÚúÏö áöáúãõÄúãöäöíäó ÇáúãõÕóÏøöÞöíäó Úóáóì ÚóÇÏóÉö ÇáúÞõÑúÂäö Ýöí ÊóÚúÞöíÈö ÃóÍóÏö ÇáúÛóÑóÖóíúäö ÈöÇáúÂÎóÑö.
æóÚõØöÝó Úóáóì: ÇáøóÐöíäó ßóÐøóÈõæÇ ÈöÂíÇÊöäÇ [ÇáúÃóÚúÑóÇÝ: 40] Ãóíú: æóÅöäøó ÇáøóÐöíäó ÂãóäõæÇ æóÚóãöáõæÇ ÇáÕøóÇáöÍóÇÊö ÅöáóÎú¡ áöÃóäøó Èóíúäó ãóÖúãõæäö ÇáúÌõãúáóÊóíúäö ãõäóÇÓóÈóÉð ãõÊóæóÓøöØóÉð Èóíúäó ßóãóÇáö ÇáöÇÊøöÕóÇáö(8-È/129)
æóäóÒóÚúäóÇ ãóÇ Ýöí ÕõÏõæÑöåöãú ãöäú Ûöáøò ÊóÌúÑöí ãöäú ÊóÍúÊöåöãõ ÇáúÃóäúåóÇÑõ æóÞóÇáõæÇ ÇáúÍóãúÏõ áöáøóåö ÇáøóÐöí åóÏóÇäóÇ áöåóÐóÇ æóãóÇ ßõäøóÇ áöäóåúÊóÏöíó áóæúáóÇ Ãóäú åóÏóÇäóÇ Çááøóåõ áóÞóÏú ÌóÇÁóÊú ÑõÓõáõ ÑóÈøöäóÇ ÈöÇáúÍóÞøö æóäõæÏõæÇ Ãóäú Êöáúßõãõ ÇáúÌóäøóÉõ ÃõæÑöËúÊõãõæåóÇ ÈöãóÇ ßõäúÊõãú ÊóÚúãóáõæäó (43)
æóßóãóÇáö
ÇáöÇäúÞöØóÇÚö¡ æóåõæó ÇáÊøóÖóÇÏøõ Èóíúäó æóÕúÝö ÇáúãõÓúäóÏö ÅöáóíúåöãóÇ Ýöí ÇáúÌõãúáóÊóíúäö¡ æóåõæó ÇáÊøóßúÐöíÈõ ÈöÇáúÂíóÇÊö æóÇáúÅöíãóÇäõ ÈöåóÇ¡ æóÈóíúäó Íõßúãö ÇáúãõÓúäóÏóíúäö æóåõæó ÇáúÚóÐóÇÈõ æóÇáäøóÚöíãõ¡ æóåóÐóÇ ãöäú ÞóÈöíáö ÇáúÌóÇãöÚö Çáúæóåúãöíøö ÇáúãóÐúßõæÑö Ýöí ÃóÍúßóÇãö ÇáúÝóÕúáö æóÇáúæóÕúáö ãöäú Úöáúãö ÇáúãóÚóÇäöí.
æóáóãú íõÐúßóÑú ãõÊóÚóáøöÞñ áö ÂãóäõæÇ áöÃóäøó ÇáúÅöíãóÇäó ÕóÇÑó ßóÇááøóÞóÈö áöáúÅöíãóÇäö ÇáúÎóÇÕøö ÇáøóÐöí ÌóÇÁó Èöåö Ïöíäõ ÇáúÅöÓúáóÇãö æóåõæó ÇáúÅöíãóÇäõ ÈöÇááøóåö æóÍúÏóåõ.
æóÇÓúãõ ÇáúÅöÔóÇÑóÉö ãõÈúÊóÏóÃñ ËóÇäò¡ æÃóÕúÍÇÈõ ÇáúÌóäøóÉö ÎóÈóÑõåõ æóÇáúÌõãúáóÉõ ÎóÈóÑñ Úóäö ÇáøóÐöíäó ÂãóäõæÇ. æóÌõãúáóÉõ áóÇ äõßóáøöÝõ äóÝúÓÇð ÅöáøóÇ æõÓúÚóåÇ ãõÚúÊóÑöÖóÉñ Èóíúäó ÇáúãõÓúäóÏö Åöáóíúåö æóÇáúãõÓúäóÏö Úóáóì ØóÑöíÞóÉö ÇáúÅöÏúãóÇÌö. æóÝóÇÆöÏóÉõ åóÐóÇ ÇáúÅöÏúãóÇÌö ÇáöÇÑúÊöÝóÇÞõ ÈöÇáúãõÄúãöäöíäó¡ áöÃóäøóåõ áóãøóÇ ÈóÔøóÑóåõãú ÈöÇáúÌóäøóÉö Úóáóì ÝöÚúáö ÇáÕøóÇáöÍóÇÊö ÃóØúãóäó ÞõáõæÈóåõãú ÈöÃóäú áóÇ íõØúáóÈõæÇ ãöäó ÇáúÃóÚúãóÇáö ÇáÕøóÇáöÍóÉö ÈöãóÇ íóÎúÑõÌõ Úóäö ÇáØøóÇÞóÉö¡ ÍóÊøóì ÅöÐóÇ áóãú íóÈúáõÛõæÇ Åöáóíúåö ÃóíöÓõæÇ ãöäó ÇáúÌóäøóÉö¡ Èóáú ÅöäøóãóÇ íõØúáóÈõæäó ãöäúåóÇ ÈöãóÇ Ýöí æõÓúÚöåöãú¡ ÝóÅöäøó Ðóáößó íõÑúÖöí ÑóÈøóåõãú.
æóÚóäú ãõÚóÇÐö Èúäö ÌóÈóáò ÑóÖöíó Çááøóåõ Úóäúåõ¡ Ãóäøóåõ ÞóÇáó¡ Ýöí åóÐöåö ÇáúÂíóÉö¡ ÅöáøóÇ íõÓúÑóåóÇ áóÇ ÚõÓúÑóåóÇ Ãóíú ÞóÇáóåõ Úóáóì æóÌúåö ÇáÊøóÝúÓöíÑö áóÇ Ãóäøóåõ ÞöÑóÇÁóÉñ.
æóÇáúæõÓúÚõ ÊóÞóÏøóãó Ýöí Þóæúáöåö ÊóÚóÇáóì: áóÇ íõßóáøöÝõ Çááøóåõ äóÝúÓÇð ÅöáøóÇ æõÓúÚóåÇ Ýöí ÓõæÑóÉö ÇáúÈóÞóÑóÉö [286] .
æóÏóáøó Þóæúáõåõ: ÃõæáÆößó ÃóÕúÍÇÈõ ÇáúÌóäøóÉö Úóáóì ÞóÕúÑö ãõáóÇÒóãóÉö ÇáúÌóäøóÉö Úóáóíúåöãú¡ Ïõæäó ÛóíúÑöåöãú¡ ÝóÝöíåö ÊóÃúíöíÓñ ÂÎóÑõ áöáúãõÔúÑößöíäó ÈöÍóíúËõ ÞóæöíóÊú äóÕøöíøóÉõ ÍöÑúãóÇäöåöãú ãöäó ÇáúÌóäøóÉö æóäóÚöíãöåóÇ¡ æóÌõãúáóÉõ: åõãú ÝöíåÇ ÎÇáöÏõæäó ÍóÇáñ ãöäö ÇÓúãö ÇáúÅöÔóÇÑóÉö Ýöí Þóæúáöåö: ÃõæáÆößó ÃóÕúÍÇÈõ ÇáúÌóäøóÉö.
[43]
[ÓõæÑóÉ ÇáúÃóÚúÑóÇÝ (7) : ÂíóÉ 43]
æóäóÒóÚúäÇ ãóÇ Ýöí ÕõÏõæÑöåöãú ãöäú Ûöáøò ÊóÌúÑöí ãöäú ÊóÍúÊöåöãõ ÇáúÃóäúåÇÑõ æóÞÇáõæÇ ÇáúÍóãúÏõ áöáøóåö ÇáøóÐöí åóÏÇäÇ áöåÐÇ æóãÇ ßõäøóÇ áöäóåúÊóÏöíó áóæúáÇ Ãóäú åóÏÇäóÇ Çááøóåõ áóÞóÏú ÌÇÁóÊú ÑõÓõáõ ÑóÈøöäÇ ÈöÇáúÍóÞøö æóäõæÏõæÇ Ãóäú Êöáúßõãõ ÇáúÌóäøóÉõ ÃõæÑöËúÊõãõæåÇ ÈöãÇ ßõäúÊõãú ÊóÚúãóáõæäó(8-È/130)
(43)
ÇÊöÓóÇÞõ ÇáäøóÙúãö íóÞúÊóÖöí Ãóäú Êóßõæäó ÌõãúáóÉõ: ÊóÌúÑöí ãöäú ÊóÍúÊöåöãõ ÇáúÃóäúåÇÑõ ÍóÇáðÇ ãöäó ÇáÖøóãöíÑö Ýöí Þóæúáöåö: åõãú ÝöíåÇ ÎÇáöÏõæäó [ÇáúÃóÚúÑóÇÝ: 42] ¡ æóÊóßõæäõ ÌõãúáóÉõ: æóäóÒóÚúäÇ ãõÚúÊóÑöÖóÉð Èóíúäó ÌõãúáóÉö:
ÃõæáÆößó ÃóÕúÍÇÈõ ÇáúÌóäøóÉö åõãú ÝöíåÇ ÎÇáöÏõæäó [ÇáúÃóÚúÑóÇÝ: 42] ¡ æóÌõãúáóÉõ: æóÞÇáõæÇ ÇáúÍóãúÏõ áöáøóåö ÅöáóÎú¡ ÇÚúÊöÑóÇÖðÇ Èõíøöäó Èöåö ÍóÇáõ äõÝõæÓöåöãú Ýöí ÇáúãõÚóÇãóáóÉö Ýöí ÇáúÌóäøóÉö¡ áöíõÞóÇÈöáó ÇáöÇÚúÊöÑóÇÖó ÇáøóÐöí ÃõÏúãöÌó Ýöí
ÃóËúäóÇÁö æóÕúÝö ÚóÐóÇÈö Ãóåúáö ÇáäøóÇÑö¡ æóÇáúãõÈöíøóäõ Èöåö ÍóÇáõ äõÝõæÓöåöãú Ýöí ÇáúãõÚóÇãóáóÉö ÈöÞóæúáöåö: ßõáøóãÇ ÏóÎóáóÊú ÃõãøóÉñ áóÚóäóÊú ÃõÎúÊóåÇ [ÇáúÃóÚúÑóÇÝ: 38] .
æóÇáÊøóÚúÈöíÑõ Úóäö ÇáúãõÓúÊóÞúÈóáö ÈöáóÝúÙö ÇáúãóÇÖöí áöáÊøóäúÈöíåö Úóáóì ÊóÍóÞøõÞö æõÞõæÚöåö¡ Ãóíú: æóäóäúÒöÚõ ãóÇ Ýöí ÕõÏõæÑöåöãú ãöäú Ûöáøò¡ æóåõæó ÊóÚúÈöíÑñ ãóÚúÑõæÝñ Ýöí ÇáúÞõÑúÂäö ßóÞóæúáöåö ÊóÚóÇáóì: ÃóÊì ÃóãúÑõ Çááøóåö [ÇáäøóÍúá: 1] .
æóÇáäøóÒúÚõ ÍóÞöíÞóÊõåõ ÞóáúÚõ ÇáÔøóíúÁö ãöäú ãóæúÖöÚöåö æóÞóÏú ÊóÞóÏøóãó ÚöäúÏó Þóæúáöåö ÊóÚóÇáóì: æóÊóäúÒöÚõ Çáúãõáúßó ãöãøóäú ÊóÔÇÁõ Ýöí Âáö ÚöãúÑóÇäó [26] ¡ æóäóÒúÚõ ÇáúÛöáøö ãöäú ÞõáõæÈö Ãóåúáö ÇáúÌóäøóÉö: åõæó ÅöÒóÇáóÉõ ãóÇ ßóÇäó Ýöí ÞõáõæÈöåöãú Ýöí ÇáÏøõäúíóÇ ãöäó ÇáúÛöáøö ÚöäúÏó ÊóáóÞøöí ãóÇ íóÓõæÁõ ãöäó ÇáúÛóíúÑö¡ ÈöÍóíúËõ ØóåøóÑó Çááøóåõ äõÝõæÓóåõãú Ýöí ÍóíóÇÊöåóÇ ÇáËøóÇäöíóÉö Úóäö ÇáöÇäúÝöÚóÇáö ÈöÇáúÎóæóÇØöÑö ÇáÔøóÑøöíøóÉö ÇáøóÊöí ãöäúåóÇ ÇáúÛöáøõ¡ ÝóÒóÇáó ãóÇ ßóÇäó Ýöí ÞõáõæÈöåöãú ãöäú Ûöáøö ÈóÚúÖöåöãú ãöäú ÈóÚúÖò Ýöí ÇáÏøõäúíóÇ¡ Ãóíú ÃóÒóÇáó ãóÇ ßóÇäó ÍóÇÕöáðÇ ãöäú Ûöáøò æóÃóÒóÇáó ØöÈóÇÚó ÇáúÛöáøö ÇáøóÊöí Ýöí ÇáäøõÝõæÓö ÇáúÈóÔóÑöíøóÉö ÈöÍóíúËõ áóÇ íóÎúØõÑõ Ýöí äõÝõæÓöåöãú.
æóÇáúÛöáøõ: ÇáúÍöÞúÏõ æóÇáúÅöÍúäóÉõ æóÇáÖøöÛúäõ¡ ÇáøóÊöí ÊóÍúÕõáõ Ýöí ÇáäøóÝúÓö ÚöäúÏó ÅöÏúÑóÇß ãóÇ íÓæÄåÇ ãöäú Úóãóáö ÛóíúÑöåóÇ¡ æóáóíúÓó ÇáúÍóÓóÏõ ãöäó ÇáúÛöáøö Èóáú åõæó ÅöÍúÓóÇÓñ ÈóÇØöäöíøñ ÂÎóÑõ.(8-È/131)
æóÌõãúáóÉõ: ÊóÌúÑöí ãöäú ÊóÍúÊöåöãõ ÇáúÃóäúåÇÑõ Ýöí ãóæúÖöÚö ÇáúÍóÇáö¡ Ãóíú åõãú Ýöí ÃóãúßöäóÉò ÚóÇáöíóÉò ÊõÔúÑöÝõ Úóáóì ÃóäúåóÇÑö ÇáúÌóäøóÉö.
æóÌõãúáóÉõ: æóÞÇáõæÇ ÇáúÍóãúÏõ áöáøóåö ãóÚúØõæÝóÉñ Úóáóì ÌõãúáóÉö: ÃõæáÆößó ÃóÕúÍÇÈõ ÇáúÌóäøóÉö åõãú ÝöíåÇ ÎÇáöÏõæäó [ÇáúÃóÚúÑóÇÝ: 42] .
æóÇáÊøóÚúÈöíÑõ ÈöÇáúãóÇÖöí ãõÑóÇÏñ Èöåö ÇáúãõÓúÊóÞúÈóáõ ÃóíúÖðÇ ßóãóÇ Ýöí Þóæúáöåö: æóäóÒóÚúäÇ æóåóÐóÇ ÇáúÞóæúáõ íóÍúÊóãöáõ Ãóäú íóßõæäõæÇ íóÞõæáõæäóåõ Ýöí ÎóÇÕøóÊöåöãú æóäõÝõæÓöåöãú¡ Úóáóì ãóÚúäóì ÇáÊøóÞóÑøõÈö Åöáóì Çááøóåö ÈöÍóãúÏöåö¡ æóíóÍúÊóãöáõ Ãóäú íóßõæäõæÇ íóÞõæáõæäóåõ Èóíúäóåõãú Ýöí ãóÌóÇãöÚöåöãú.
æóÇáúÅöÔóÇÑóÉõ Ýöí Þóæúáöåöãú: áöåÐÇ Åöáóì ÌóãöíÚö ãóÇ åõæó ÍóÇÖöÑñ ãöäó ÇáäøóÚöíãö Ýöí æóÞúÊö Ðóáößó ÇáúÍóãúÏö¡ æóÇáúåöÏóÇíóÉõ áóåõ åöíó ÇáúÅöÑúÔóÇÏõ Åöáóì ÃóÓúÈóÇÈöåö¡ æóåöíó ÇáúÅöíãóÇäõ æóÇáúÚóãóáõ ÇáÕøóÇáöÍõ¡ ßóãóÇ Ïóáøó Úóáóíúåö Þóæúáõåõ: æóÇáøóÐöíäó ÂãóäõæÇ æóÚóãöáõæÇ ÇáÕøóÇáöÍÇÊö [ÇáúÃóÚúÑóÇÝ: 42] ¡ æóÞóÇáó ÊóÚóÇáóì: íóåúÏöíåöãú ÑóÈøõåõãú ÈöÅöíãÇäöåöãú [íõæäõÓ: 9] ÇáúÂíóÉó¡ æóÌóÚóáó ÇáúåöÏóÇíóÉó áöäóÝúÓö ÇáäøóÚöíãö áöÃóäøó ÇáÏøóáóÇáóÉó Úóáóì ãóÇ íõæóÕøöáõ Åöáóì ÇáÔøóíúÁö ÅöäøóãóÇ åöíó åöÏóÇíóÉñ áöÃóÌúáö Ðóáößó ÇáÔøóíúÁö¡ æóÊóÞóÏøóãó ÇáúßóáóÇãõ Úóáóì ÝöÚúáö ÇáúåöÏóÇíóÉö æóÊóÚúÏöíóÊöåö Ýöí ÓõæÑóÉö ÇáúÝóÇÊöÍóÉö [6] .
æóÇáúãõÑóÇÏõ ÈöåóÏúíö Çááøóåö ÊóÚóÇáóì ÅöíøóÇåõãú ÅÑúÓóÇáå ãÍãøÏÇ Õóáøóì Çááåõ Úóáóíúåö æóÓóáøóãó Åöáóíúåöãú ÝóÃóíúÞóÙóåõãú ãöäú ÛóÝúáóÊöåöãú ÝóÇÊøóÈóÚõæåõ¡
æóáóãú íõÚóÇäöÏõæÇ¡ æóáóãú íóÓúÊóßúÈöÑõæÇ¡ æóÏóáøó Úóáóíúåö Þóæúáõåõãú: áóÞóÏú ÌÇÁóÊú ÑõÓõáõ ÑóÈøöäÇ ÈöÇáúÍóÞøö ãóÚó ãóÇ íóÓøóÑó Çááøóåõ áóåõãú ãöäú ÞóÈõæáöåöãõ ÇáÏøóÚúæóÉó æóÇãúÊöËóÇáöåöãõ ÇáúÃóãúÑó¡ ÝóÅöäøóåõ ãöäú ÊóãóÇãö ÇáúãöäøóÉö ÇáúãóÍúãõæÏö ÚóáóíúåóÇ¡ æóåóÐóÇ ÇáÊøóíúÓöíÑõ åõæó ÇáøóÐöí ÍõÑöãóåõ ÇáúãõßóÐøöÈõæäó ÇáúãõÓúÊóßúÈöÑõæäó áöÃóÌúáö ÇÈúÊöÏóÇÆöåöãú ÈöÇáÊøóßúÐöíÈö æÇáÇÓÊßÈÇÑ¡ Ïæä ÇáäøÙÑ æóÇáöÇÚúÊöÈóÇÑö.
æóÌõãúáóÉõ æóãÇ ßõäøóÇ áöäóåúÊóÏöíó Ýöí ãóæúÖöÚö ÇáúÍóÇáö ãöäó ÇáÖøóãöíÑö ÇáúãóäúÕõæÈö¡ Ãóíú åÏóÇäóÇ Ýöí åóÐöå ÇáúÍóÇáö ÍóÇáö ÈõÚúÏöäóÇ Úóäö ÇáöÇåúÊöÏóÇÁö¡ æóÐóáößó ãöãøóÇ íõÄúÐöäõ ÈößöÈóÑö ãöäøóÉö Çááøóåö ÊóÚóÇáóì Úóáóíúåöãú¡ æóÈöÊóÚúÙöíãö ÍóãúÏöåöãú æóÊóÌúÒöíáöåö¡ æóáöÐóáößó ÌóÇÁõæÇ ÈöÌõãúáóÉö ÇáúÍóãúÏö ãõÔúÊóãöáóÉð Úóáóì ÃóÞúÕóì ãóÇ ÊóÔúÊóãöáõ Úóáóíúåö ãöäó ÇáúÎóÕóÇÆöÕö ÇáøóÊöí ÊóÞóÏøóãó ÈóíóÇäõåóÇ Ýöí ÓõæÑóÉö ÇáúÝóÇÊöÍóÉö(8-È/132)
æóÏóáøó Þóæúáõåõ: æóãÇ ßõäøóÇ áöäóåúÊóÏöíó Úóáóì ÈõÚúÏö ÍóÇáöåöãõ ÇáÓøóÇáöÝóÉö Úóäö ÇáöÇåúÊöÏóÇÁö¡ ßóãóÇ ÃóÝóÇÏóåõ äóÝúíõ Çáúßóæúäö ãóÚó áóÇãö ÇáúÌõÍõæÏö¡ ÍóÓóÈóãóÇ ÊóÞóÏøóãó ÚöäúÏó Þóæúáöåö ÊóÚóÇáóì: ãóÇ ßÇäó áöÈóÔóÑò Ãóäú íõÄúÊöíóåõ Çááøóåõ ÇáúßöÊÇÈó æóÇáúÍõßúãó æÇáäÈæÁÉ ÇáúÂíóÉó Ýöí ÓõæÑóÉö Âáö ÚöãúÑóÇäó [79] ¡ ÝóÅöäøóåõãú ßóÇäõæÇ ãõäúÛóãöÓöíäó Ýöí ÖóáóÇáóÇÊò ÞóÏöíãóÉò ÞóÏú ÑóÓóÎóÊú Ýöí ÃóäúÝõÓöåöãú¡ ÝóÃóãøóÇ ÞóÇÏóÊõåõãú ÝóÞóÏú ÒóíøóäóåóÇ ÇáÔøóíúØóÇäõ áóåõãú ÍóÊøóì ÇÚúÊóÞóÏõæåóÇ æóÓóäøõæåóÇ áöãóäú ÈóÚúÏóåõãú¡ æóÃóãøóÇ ÏóåúãóÇÄõåõãú æóÃóÎúáóÇÝõåõãú ÝóÞóÏú ÑóÃóæúÇ ÞõÏúæóÊóåõãú Úóáóì Êöáúßó ÇáÖøóáóÇáóÇÊö. æóÊóÃóÕøóáóÊú Ýöíåöãú¡ ÝóãóÇ ßóÇäó ãöäó ÇáÓøóåúáö ÇåúÊöÏóÇÄõåõãú¡ áóæúáóÇ Ãóäú åóÏóÇåõãõ Çááøóåõ ÈöÈöÚúËóÉö ÇáÑøõÓõáö æóÓöíóÇÓóÊöåöãú Ýöí ÏóÚúæóÊöåöãú¡ æóÃóäú ÞóÐóÝó Ýöí ÞõáõæÈöåöãú ÞóÈõæáó ÇáÏøóÚúæóÉö.
æóáöÐóáößó ÚóÞøóÈõæÇ ÊóÍúãöíÏóåõãú æóËóäóÇÁóåõãú Úóáóì Çááøóåö ÈöÞóæúáöåöãú: áóÞóÏú ÌÇÁóÊú ÑõÓõáõ ÑóÈøöäÇ ÈöÇáúÍóÞøö ÝóÊöáúßó ÌõãúáóÉñ ãõÓúÊóÃúäöÝóÉñ¡ ÇÓúÊöÆúäóÇÝðÇ ÇÈúÊöÏóÇÆöíøðÇ¡ áöÕõÏõæÑöåóÇ Úóäö ÇÈúÊöåóÇÌö äõÝõæÓöåöãú æóÇÛúÊöÈóÇØöåöãú ÈöãóÇ ÌóÇÁóÊúåõãú Èöåö ÇáÑøõÓõáõ¡ ÝóÌóÚóáõæÇ íóÊóÐóßøóÑõæäó ÃóÓúÈóÇÈó åöÏóÇíóÊöåöãú æóíóÚúÊóÈöÑõæäó ÈöÐóáößó æóíóÛúÊóÈöØõæäó. ÊóáóÐøõÐðÇ ÈöÇáÊøóßóáøõãö Èöåö¡ áöÃóäøó ÊóÐóßøõÑó ÇáúÃóãúÑö ÇáúãóÍúÈõæÈö æóÇáúÍóÏöíËó Úóäúåõ ãöãøóÇ ÊóáóÐøõ Èöåö ÇáäøõÝõæÓõ¡ ãóÚó ÞóÕúÏö ÇáËøóäóÇÁö Úóáóì ÇáÑøõÓõáö.
æóÊóÃúßöíÏõ ÇáúÝöÚúáö ÈöáóÇãö ÇáúÞóÓóãö æóÈöÞóÏú¡ ãóÚó Ãóäøóåõãú ÛóíúÑõ ãõäúßöÑöíäó áöãóÌöíÁö ÇáÑøõÓõáö: ÅöãøóÇ áöÃóäøóåõ ßöäóÇíóÉñ Úóäö ÇáúÅöÚúÌóÇÈö ÈöãõØóÇÈóÞóÉö ãóÇ æóÚóÏóåõãú Èöåö ÇáÑøõÓõáõ ãöäó ÇáäøóÚöíãö áöãóÇ æóÌóÏõæåõ ãöËúáó Þóæúáöåö ÊóÚóÇáóì: æóÝöíåÇ ãóÇ ÊóÔúÊóåöíåö ÇáúÃóäúÝõÓõ æóÊóáóÐøõ ÇáúÃóÚúíõäõ [ÇáÒÎÑÝ: 71]
æóÞóæá ÇáäøÈíÁ Õóáøóì Çááåõ Úóáóíúåö æóÓóáøóãó: ÞóÇáó Çááøóåõ ÊóÚóÇáóì: «ÃóÚúÏóÏúÊõ áöÚöÈóÇÏöí ÇáÕøóÇáöÍöíäó ãóÇ áóÇ Úóíúäñ ÑóÃóÊú æóáóÇ ÃõÐõäñ ÓóãöÚóÊú æóáóÇ ÎóØóÑó Úóáóì ÞóáúÈö ÈöÔúÑò»
. æóÅöãøóÇ áöÃóäøóåõãú ÃóÑóÇÏõæÇ ÈöÞóæúáöåöãú åóÐóÇ ÇáËøóäóÇÁó Úóáóì ÇáÑøõÓõáö æÇáÔøåÇÏÉ ÈÕÏÞåã ÌãÚÇ ãóÚó ÇáËøóäóÇÁö Úóáóì Çááøóåö¡ ÝóÃóÊóæúÇ ÈöÇáúÎóÈóÑö Ýöí ÕõæÑóÉö ÇáÔøóåóÇÏóÉö ÇáúãõÄóßøóÏóÉö ÇáøóÊöí áóÇ ÊóÑóÏøõÏó ÝöíåóÇ.
æóÞóÑóÃó ÇÈúäõ ÚóÇãöÑò: ãóÇ ßõäøóÇ áöäóåúÊóÏöíó- ÈöÏõæäö æóÇæò ÞóÈúáó (ãóÇ) - æóßóÐóáößó ßõÊöÈóÊú Ýöí ÇáúãõÕúÍóÝö ÇáúÅöãóÇãö ÇáúãõæóÌøóåö Åöáóì ÇáÔøóÇãö¡ æóÚóáóì åóÐöåö ÇáúÞöÑóÇÁóÉö Êóßõæäõ åóÐöåö ÇáúÌõãúáóÉõ ãóÝúÕõæáóÉð Úóäö ÇáøóÊöí
ÞóÈúáóåóÇ¡ Úóáóì ÇÚúÊöÈóÇÑö ßóæúäöåóÇ ßóÇáÊøóÚúáöíáö áöáúÍóãúÏö¡ æóÇáÊøóäúæöíåö ÈöÃóäøóåõ ÍóãúÏñ ÚóÙöíãñ Úóáóì äöÚúãóÉò ÚóÙöíãóÉò¡ ßóãóÇ ÊóÞóÏøóãó ÈóíóÇäõåõ.(8-È/133)
æóÌõãúáóÉõ: æóäõæÏõæÇ ãóÚúØõæÝóÉñ Úóáóì ÌõãúáóÉö: æóÞÇáõæÇ ÝóÊóßõæäõ ÍóÇáðÇ ÃóíúÖðÇ¡ áöÃóäøó åóÐóÇ ÇáäøöÏóÇÁó ÌóæóÇÈñ áöËóäóÇÆöåöãú¡ íóÏõáøõ Úóáóì ÞóÈõæáö ãóÇ ÃóËúäóæúÇ Èöåö¡ æÚóáì ÑÖì Çááøóåö Úóäúåõãú¡ æóÇáäøöÏóÇÁõ ãöäú ÞöÈóáö Çááøóåö¡ æóáöÐóáößó Èõäöíó ÝöÚúáõåõ Åöáóì ÇáúãóÌúåõæáö áöÙõåõæÑö ÇáúãóÞúÕõæÏö. æóÇáäøöÏóÇÁõ ÅöÚúáóÇäõ ÇáúÎöØóÇÈö¡ æóåõæó ÃóÕúáõ ÍóÞöíÞóÊöåö Ýöí ÇááøõÛóÉö¡ æóíõØúáóÞõ ÇáäøöÏóÇÁõ ÛóÇáöÈðÇ Úóáóì ÏõÚóÇÁö ÃóÍóÏò áöíõÞúÈöáó ÈöÐóÇÊöåö Ãóæú ÈöÝóåúãöåö áöÓóãóÇÚö ßóáóÇãò¡ æóáóæú áóãú íóßõäú ÈöÑóÝúÚö ÕóæúÊò: ÅöÐú äóÇÏóì ÑóÈøóåõ äöÏÇÁð ÎóÝöíøðÇ [ãóÑúíóã: 3] æóáöåóÐóÇ ÇáúãóÚúäóì ÍõÑõæÝñ ÎóÇÕøóÉñ ÊóÏõáøõ Úóáóíúåö Ýöí ÇáúÚóÑóÈöíøóÉö¡ æóÊóÞóÏøóãó ÚöäúÏó Þóæúáöåö ÊóÚóÇáóì: æóäÇÏÇåõãÇ ÑóÈøõåõãÇ Ýöí åóÐöåö ÇáÓøõæÑóÉö [22] .
æó (Ãóäú) ÊóÝúÓöíÑñ áö äõæÏõæÇ¡ áöÃóäøó ÇáäøöÏóÇÁó Ýöíåö ãóÚúäóì ÇáúÞóæúáö. æóÇáúÅöÔóÇÑóÉõ Åöáóì ÇáúÌóäøóÉö Èö Êöáúßõãõ¡ ÇáøóÐöí ÍóÞøõåõ Ãóäú íõÓúÊóÚúãóáó Ýöí ÇáúãõÔóÇÑö Åöáóíúåö ÇáúÈóÚöíÏö¡ ãóÚó Ãóäøó ÇáúÌóäøóÉó ÍóÇÖöÑóÉñ Èóíúäó íóÏóíúåöãú¡ áöÞóÕúÏö ÑöÝúÚóÉö ÔóÃúäöåóÇ æóÊóÚúÙöíãö ÇáúãöäøóÉö ÈöåóÇ.
æóÇáúÅöÑúËõ ÍóÞöíÞóÊõåõ ãóÕöíÑõ ãóÇáö ÇáúãóíøöÊö Åöáóì ÃóÞúÑóÈö ÇáäøóÇÓö Åöáóíúåö¡ æóíõÞóÇáõ: ÃóæúÑóËó ÇáúãóíøöÊõ ÃóÞúÑöÈóÇÁóåõ ãóÇáóåõ¡ ÈöãóÚúäóì ÌóÚóáóåõãú íóÑöËõæäóåõ Úóäúåõ¡ áöÃóäøóåõ áóãøóÇ áóãú íóÕúÑöÝúåõ Úóäúåõãú ÈöÇáúæóÕöíøóÉö áöÛóíúÑöåö ÝóÞóÏú ÊóÑóßóåõ áóåõãú¡ æóíõØúáóÞõ ãóÌóÇÒðÇ Úóáóì ãóÕöíÑö ÔóíúÁ Åöáóì ÍÏ ÈöÏõæäö ÚöæóÖò æóáóÇ ÛóÕúÈò ÊóÔúÈöíåðÇ ÈöÅöÑúËö ÇáúãóíøöÊö¡ ÝóãóÚúäóì Þóæúáöåö: ÃõæÑöËúÊõãõæåÇ ÃõÚúØöíÊõãõæåóÇ ÚóØöíøóÉð åóäöíÆóÉð áóÇ ÊóÚóÈó ÝöíåóÇ æóáóÇ ãõäóÇÒóÚóÉó.
æóÇáúÈóÇÁõ Ýöí Þóæúáöåö: ÈöãÇ ßõäúÊõãú ÊóÚúãóáõæäó ÓóÈóÈöíøóÉñ Ãóíú ÈöÓóÈóÈö ÃóÚúãóÇáößõãú¡ æóåöíó ÇáúÅöíãóÇäõ æóÇáúÚóãóáõ ÇáÕøóÇáöÍõ¡ æóåóÐóÇ ÇáúßóáóÇãõ ËóäóÇÁñ Úóáóíúåöãú ÈöÃóäøó Çááøóåó ÔóßóÑó áóåõãú ÃóÚúãóÇáóåõãú¡ ÝóÃóÚúØóÇåõãú åóÐóÇ ÇáäøóÚöíãó ÇáúÎóÇáöÏó áöÃóÌúáö ÃóÚúãóÇáöåöãú¡ æóÃóäøóåõãú áóãøóÇ ÚóãöáõæÇ ãóÇ Úóãöáõæåõ ãöäó ÇáúÚóãóáö ãóÇ ßóÇäõæÇ íäææä ÈÚáãåã ÅöáøóÇ ÇáÓøóáóÇãóÉó ãöäú ÛóÖóÈö ÑóÈøöåöãú æóÊóØóáøõÈó ãóÑúÖóÇÊöåö ÔõßúÑðÇ áóåõ Úóáóì äóÚúãóÇÆöåö¡ æóãóÇ ßóÇäõæÇ íóãúÊõæäó ÈöÃóäú ÊõæóÕøöáóåõãú ÃóÚúãóÇáõåõãú Åöáóì ãóÇ äÇáæå¡ æóÐóáößó áóÇ íõäóÇÝöí ÇáØøóãóÚó Ýöí ËóæóÇÈöåö æóÇáäøóÌóÇÉó ãöäú ÚöÞóÇÈöåö¡ æóÞóÏú Ïóáøó Úóáóì Ðóáößó ÇáúÌóãúÚõ Èóíúäó ÃõæÑöËúÊõãõæåÇ æóÈóíúäó ÈóÇÁö ÇáÓøóÈóÈöíøóÉö.
ÝóÇáúÅöíÑóÇËõ Ïóáøó Úóáóì ÃóäøóåóÇ ÚóØöíøóÉñ ÈöÏõæäö ÞóÕúÏö ÊóÚóÇæõÖò æóáóÇ ÊóÚóÇÞõÏò¡ æóÃóäøóåóÇ ÝóÖúáñ ãóÍúÖñ ãöäó Çááøóåö ÊóÚóÇáóì¡ áöÃóäøó ÅöíãóÇäó ÇáúÚóÈúÏö ÈöÑóÈøöåö æóØóÇÚóÊóåõ ÅöíøóÇåõ áóÇ íõæÌöÈõ ÚóÞúáðÇ æóáóÇ ÚóÏúáðÇ(8-È/134)
æóäóÇÏóì ÃóÕúÍóÇÈõ ÇáúÌóäøóÉö ÃóÕúÍóÇÈó ÇáäøóÇÑö Ãóäú ÞóÏú æóÌóÏúäóÇ ãóÇ æóÚóÏóäóÇ ÑóÈøõäóÇ ÍóÞøðÇ Ýóåóáú æóÌóÏúÊõãú ãóÇ æóÚóÏó ÑóÈøõßõãú ÍóÞøðÇ ÞóÇáõæÇ äóÚóãú ÝóÃóÐøóäó ãõÄóÐøöäñ Èóíúäóåõãú Ãóäú áóÚúäóÉõ Çááøóåö Úóáóì ÇáÙøóÇáöãöíäó (44) ÇáøóÐöíäó íóÕõÏøõæäó Úóäú ÓóÈöíáö Çááøóåö æóíóÈúÛõæäóåóÇ ÚöæóÌðÇ æóåõãú ÈöÇáúÂÎöÑóÉö ßóÇÝöÑõæäó (45)
ÅöáøóÇ äóÌóÇÊóåõ ãöäó ÇáúÚöÞóÇÈö ÇáøóÐöí ãöäú ÔóÃúäöåö Ãóäú íóÊóÑóÊøóÈó Úóáóì ÇáúßõÝúÑóÇäö æóÇáúÚöÕúíóÇäö¡ æóÅöáøóÇ ÍõÕõæáó ÑöÖóì ÑóÈøöåö Úóäúåõ¡ æóáóÇ íõæÌöÈõ ÌóÒóÇÁð æóáóÇ ÚóØóÇÁð¡ áöÃóäøó ÔõßúÑó ÇáúãõäúÚöãö æóÇÌöÈñ¡ ÝóåóÐóÇ ÇáúÌóÒóÇÁõ æóÚóÙóãóÊõåõ ãõÌóÑøóÏõ ÝóÖúáò ãöäó ÇáÑøóÈøö Úóáóì ÚóÈúÏöåö ÔõßúÑðÇ áöÅöíãóÇäöåö Èöåö æóØóÇÚóÊöåö¡ æóáóßöäú áóãøóÇ ßóÇäó ÓóÈóÈõ åóÐóÇ ÇáÔøõßúÑö ÚöäúÏó ÇáÑøóÈøö ÇáÔøóÇßöÑö åõæó Úóãóáõ ÚóÈúÏöåö ÈöãóÇ ÃóãóÑóåõ Èöåö¡ æóÞóÏú ÊóÝóÖøóáó Çááøóåõ Èöåö ÝóæóÚóÏó Èöåö ãöäú ÞóÈúáö ÍõÕõæáöåö. Ýóãöäó
ÇáúÚóÌóÈö Þóæúáõ ÇáúãõÚúÊóÒöáóÉö ÈöæõÌõæÈö ÇáËøóæóÇÈö ÚóÞúáðÇ¡ æóáóÚóáøóåõãú ÃóæúÞóÚóåõãú Ýöíåö ÇÔúÊöÈóÇåõ ÍõÕõæáö ÇáËøóæóÇÈö ÈöÇáÓøóáóÇãóÉö ãöäó ÇáúÚöÞóÇÈö¡ ãóÚó Ãóäøó ÇáúæóÇÓöØóÉó Èóíúäó ÇáúÍóÇáóíúäö ÈóíøöäóÉñ áöÃõæáöí ÇáúÃóáúÈóÇÈö. æóåóÐóÇ ÃóÍúÓóäõ ãöãøóÇ íõØöíáõ Èöåö ÃóÕúÍóÇÈõäóÇ ãóÚóåõãú Ýöí ÇáúÌóæóÇÈö.
æóÈóÇÁõ ÇáÓøóÈóÈöíøóÉö ÇÞúÊóÖóÊö ÇáøóÐöí ÃóÚúØóÇåõãú ãóäóÇÒöáó ÇáúÌóäøóÉö ÃóÑóÇÏó Èöåö ÔõßúÑó ÃóÚúãóÇáöåöãú æóËóæóÇÈöåóÇ ãöäú ÛóíúÑö ÞóÕúÏö ÊóÚóÇæõÖò æóáóÇ ÊóÞóÇÈõáò ÝóÌóÚóáóåóÇ ßóÇáÔøóíúÁö ÇáøóÐöí ÇÓúÊóÍóÞøóåõ ÇáúÚóÇãöáõ ÚöæóÖðÇ Úóäú Úóãóáöåö ÝóÇÓúÊóÚóÇÑó áóåóÇ ÈóÇÁ ÇáÓøÈÈíøÉ.
[44¡ 45]
[ÓõæÑóÉ ÇáúÃóÚúÑóÇÝ (7) : ÇáúÂíóÇÊ 44 Åöáóì 45]
æóäÇÏì ÃóÕúÍÇÈõ ÇáúÌóäøóÉö ÃóÕúÍÇÈó ÇáäøóÇÑö Ãóäú ÞóÏú æóÌóÏúäÇ ãóÇ æóÚóÏóäÇ ÑóÈøõäÇ ÍóÞøðÇ Ýóåóáú æóÌóÏúÊõãú ãóÇ æóÚóÏó ÑóÈøõßõãú ÍóÞøðÇ ÞÇáõæÇ äóÚóãú ÝóÃóÐøóäó ãõÄóÐøöäñ Èóíúäóåõãú Ãóäú áóÚúäóÉõ Çááøóåö Úóáóì ÇáÙøóÇáöãöíäó (44) ÇáøóÐöíäó íóÕõÏøõæäó Úóäú ÓóÈöíáö Çááøóåö æóíóÈúÛõæäóåÇ ÚöæóÌÇð æóåõãú ÈöÇáúÂÎöÑóÉö ßÇÝöÑõæäó (45)
ÌõãúáóÉõ: æóäÇÏì ÃóÕúÍÇÈõ ÇáúÌóäøóÉö íóÌõæÒõ Ãóäú Êóßõæäó ãóÚúØõæÝóÉð Úóáóì ÌõãúáóÉö æóÞÇáõæÇ ÇáúÍóãúÏõ áöáøóåö ÇáøóÐöí åóÏÇäÇ áöåÐÇ [ÇáúÃóÚúÑóÇÝ: 43] ÅöáóÎú¡ ÚóØúÝó ÇáúÞóæúáö Úóáóì ÇáúÞóæúáö¡ ÅöÐú Íõßöíó Þóæúáõåõãú ÇáúãõäúÈöÆõ Úóäú ÈóåúÌóÊöåöãú ÈöãóÇ åõãú Ýöíåö ãöäó ÇáäøóÚöíãö¡ Ëõãøó Íõßöíó ãóÇ íóÞõæáõæäóåõ áöÃóåúáö ÇáäøóÇÑö ÍöíäóãóÇ íõÔóÇåöÏõæäóåõãú.
æóíóÌõæÒõ Ãóäú Êóßõæäó ãóÚúØõæÝóÉð Úóáóì ÌõãúáóÉò æóäõæÏõæÇ Ãóäú Êöáúßõãõ ÇáúÌóäøóÉõ ÃõæÑöËúÊõãõæåÇ [ÇáúÃóÚúÑóÇÝ: 43] ÚóØúÝó ÇáúÞöÕøóÉö Úóáóì ÇáúÞöÕøóÉö ÈöãõäóÇÓóÈóÉö ÇáöÇäúÊöÞóÇáö ãöäú ÐößúÑö äöÏóÇÁò ãöäú ÞöÈóáö Çááøóåö Åöáóì ÐößúÑö ãõäóÇÏóÇÉö Ãóåúáö ÇáúÂÎöÑóÉö ÈóÚúÖöåöãú ÈóÚúÖðÇ¡ ÝóÚóáóì ÇáúæóÌúåóíúäö íóßõæäõ ÇáÊøóÚúÈöíÑõ Úóäúåõãú ÈöÃóÕúÍóÇÈö(8-È/135)
ÇáúÌóäøóÉö Ïõæäó ÖóãöíÑöåöãú ÊóæúØöÆóÉð áöÐößúÑö äöÏóÇÁö ÃóÕúÍóÇÈö ÇáúÃóÚúÑóÇÝö æóäöÏóÇÁö ÃóÕúÍóÇÈö ÇáäøóÇÑö¡ áöíõÚóÈøöÑó Úóäú ßõáøö ÝóÑöíÞò ÈöÚõäúæóÇäöåö æóáöíõßõæäó ãöäúåõ ãõÍóÓøöäõ ÇáØøöÈóÇÞö Ýöí ãõÞóÇÈóáóÊöåö ÈöÞóæúáöåö: ÃóÕúÍÇÈó ÇáäøóÇÑö.
æóåóÐóÇ ÇáäøöÏóÇÁõ ÎöØóÇÈñ ãöäú ÃóÕúÍóÇÈö ÇáúÌóäøóÉö¡ ÚóÈøóÑó Úóäúåõ ÈöÇáäøöÏóÇÁö ßöäóÇíóÉð Úóäú ÈõáõæÛöåö Åöáóì ÃóÓúãóÇÚö ÃóÕúÍóÇÈö ÇáäøóÇÑö ãöäú ãóÓóÇÝóÉò ÓóÍöíÞóÉö ÇáúÈõÚúÏö¡ ÝóÅöäøó ÓöÚóÉó ÇáúÌóäøóÉö æóÓöÚóÉó ÇáäøóÇÑö ÊóÞúÊóÖöíóÇäö Ðóáößó áóÇ ÓöíøóãóÇ Þóæúáöåö: æóÈóíúäóåõãÇ ÍöÌÇÈñ [ÇáúÃóÚúÑóÇÝ: 46] ¡ æóæóÓöíáóÉõ ÈõáõæÛö åóÐóÇ ÇáúÎöØóÇÈö ãöäó ÇáúÌóäøóÉö Åöáóì ÃóÕúÍóÇÈö ÇáäøóÇÑö æóÓöíáóÉñ ÚóÌöíÈóÉñ ÛóíúÑõ ãõÊóÚóÇÑóÝóÉò. æóÚöáúãõ Çááøóåö æóÞõÏúÑóÊõåõ áóÇ ÍóÏøó áöãõÊóÚóáøóÞóÇÊöåöãóÇ.
æó (Ãóäú) Ýöí Þóæúáöåö: Ãóäú ÞóÏú æóÌóÏúäÇ ÊóÝúÓöíÑöíøóÉñ áöáäøöÏóÇÁö. æóÇáúÎóÈóÑõ ÇáøóÐöí åõæó ÞóÏú æóÌóÏúäÇ ãóÇ æóÚóÏóäÇ ÑóÈøõäÇ ÍóÞøðÇ ãõÓúÊóÚúãóáñ Ýöí áóÇÒöãö ãóÚúäóÇåõ æóåõæó ÇáöÇÛúÊöÈóÇØõ ÈöÍóÇáöåöãú¡ æóÊóäúÛöíÕõ ÃóÚúÏóÇÆöåöãú ÈöÚöáúãöåöãú ÈöÑóÝóÇåöíóÉö ÍóÇáöåöãú¡ æóÇáÊøóæóÑøõßõ Úóáóì ÇáúÃóÚúÏóÇÁö ÅöÐú ßóÇäõæÇ íóÍúÓóÈõæäóåõãú ÞóÏú ÖóáøõæÇ Íöíäó ÝóÇÑóÞõæÇ Ïöíäó ÂÈóÇÆöåöãú¡ æóÃóäøóåõãú ÍóÑóãõæÇ ÃóäúÝõÓóåõãú ØóíøöÈóÇÊö ÇáÏøõäúíóÇ ÈöÇáöÇäúßöÝóÇÝö Úóäö ÇáúãóÚóÇÕöí¡ æóåóÐöåö ãóÚóÇäò ãõÊóÚóÏøöÏóÉñ ßõáøõåóÇ ãöäú áóæóÇÒöãö ÇáúÅöÎúÈóÇÑö¡ æóÇáúãóÚóÇäöí ÇáúßöäóÇÆöíøóÉõ áóÇ íóãúÊóäöÚõ ÊóÚóÏøõÏõåóÇ áöÃóäøóåóÇ ÊóÈóÚñ áöáøóæóÇÒöãö ÇáúÚóÞúáöíøóÉö¡ æóåóÐöåö ÇáúßöäóÇíóÉõ
ÌõãöÚó ÝöíåóÇ Èóíúäó ÇáúãóÚúäóì ÇáÕøóÑöíÍö æóÇáúãóÚóÇäöí ÇáúßöäóÇÆöíøóÉö¡ æóáóßöäøó ÇáúãóÚóÇäöí ÇáúßöäóÇÆöíøóÉó åöíó ÇáúãóÞúÕõæÏóÉõ ÅöÐú áóíúÓó ÇáúÞóÕúÏõ Ãóäú íóÚúáóãó Ãóåúáõ ÇáäøóÇÑö ÈöãóÇ ÍóÕóáó áöÃóåúáö ÇáúÌóäøóÉö æóáóßöäøó ÇáúÞóÕúÏó ãóÇ íóáúÒóãõ Úóäú Ðóáößó. æóÃóãøóÇ ÇáúãóÚóÇäöí ÇáÕøóÑöíÍóÉõ ÝóãóÏúáõæáóÉñ ÈöÇáúÃóÕóÇáóÉö ÚöäúÏó ÚóÏóãö ÇáúÞóÑöíäóÉö ÇáúãóÇäöÚóÉö.
æóÇáöÇÓúÊöÝúåóÇãõ Ýöí ÌõãúáóÉö: Ýóåóáú æóÌóÏúÊõãú ãóÇ æóÚóÏó ÑóÈøõßõãú ÍóÞøðÇ ãõÓúÊóÚúãóáñ ãóÌóÇÒðÇ ãõÑúÓóáðÇ ÈöÚóáóÇÞóÉö ÇááøõÒõæãö Ýöí ÊóæúÞöíÝö ÇáúãõÎóÇØóÈöíäó Úóáóì ÛóáóØöåöãú¡ æóÅöËóÇÑóÉö äóÏóÇãóÊöåöãú æóÛóãøöåöãú Úóáóì ãóÇ ÝóÑóØó ãöäúåõãú¡ æóÇáÔøóãóÇÊóÉö Èöåöãú Ýöí ÚóæóÇÞöÈö ÚöäóÇÏöåöãú. æóÇáúãóÚóÇäöí ÇáúãóÌóÇÒöíøóÉõ ÇáøóÊöí ÚóáóÇÞóÊõåóÇ ÇááøõÒõæãõ íóÌõæÒõ ÊóÚóÏøõÏõåóÇ ãöËúáõ ÇáúßöäóÇíóÉö¡ æóÞóÑöíäóÉõ ÇáúãóÌóÇÒö åöíó: ÙõåõæÑõ Ãóäøó ÃóÕúÍóÇÈó ÇáúÌóäøóÉö íóÚúáóãõæäó Ãóäøó ÃóÕúÍóÇÈó ÇáäøóÇÑö æóÌóÏõæÇ æóÚúÏóåõ ÍóÞøðÇ.
æóÇáúæõÌúÏóÇäõ: ÅöáúÝóÇÁõ ÇáÔøóíúÁö æóáõÞöíøõåõ¡ ÞóÇáó ÊóÚóÇáóì: ÝóæóÌóÏó ÝöíåÇ ÑóÌõáóíúäö íóÞúÊóÊöáÇäö [ÇáúÞóÕóÕ:
15] æóÝöÚúáõåõ íóÊóÚóÏøóì Åöáóì ãóÝúÚõæáò æóÇÍöÏò¡ ÞóÇáó ÊóÚóÇáóì: æóæóÌóÏó Çááøóåó ÚöäúÏóåõ [ÇáäøõæÑ: 39] æóíóÛúáöÈõ Ãóäú(8-È/136)
íõÐúßóÑõ ãóÚó ÇáúãóÝúÚõæáö ÍóÇáõåõ¡ ÝóÞóæúáõåõ: æóÌóÏúäÇ ãóÇ æóÚóÏóäÇ ÑóÈøõäÇ ÍóÞøðÇ ãóÚúäóÇåõ ÃóáúÝóíúäóÇåõ ÍóÇáó ßóæúäöåö ÍóÞøðÇ áóÇ ÊóÎóáøõÝó Ýöí ÔóíúÁò ãöäúåõ¡ ÝóáóÇ íóÏõáøõ Þóæúáõåõ: æóÌóÏúäÇ Úóáóì ÓóÈúÞö ÈóÍóËò Ãóæú ÊóØóáøõÈò áöáúãõØóÇÈóÞóÉö ßóãóÇ ÞóÏú íõÊóæóåøóãõ¡ æóÞóÏú íõÓúÊóÚúãóáõ ÇáúæõÌúÏóÇäõ Ýöí ÇáúÅöÏúÑóÇßö æóÇáÙøóäøö ãóÌóÇÒðÇ¡ æóåõæó ãóÌóÇÒñ ÔóÇÆöÚñ.
æó (ãóÇ) ãóæúÕõæáóÉñ Ýöí Þóæúáöåö: ãóÇ æóÚóÏóäÇ ÑóÈøõäÇ- æóãóÇ æóÚóÏó ÑóÈøõßõãú æóÏóáøóÊú Úóáóì Ãóäøó ÇáÕøöáóÉó ãóÚúáõæãóÉñ ÚöäúÏó ÇáúãõÎóÇØóÈöíäó¡ Úóáóì ÊóÝóÇæõÊò Ýöí ÇáúÅöÌúãóÇáö æóÇáÊøóÝúÕöíáö¡ ÝóÞóÏú ßóÇäõæÇ íóÚúáóãõæäó Ãóäøó ÇáÑøóÓõæáó Úóáóíúåö ÇáÕøóáóÇÉõ æóÇáÓøóáóÇãõ æóÚóÏó ÇáúãõÄúãöäöíäó ÈöäóÚöíãò ÚóÙöíãò¡ æóÊóæóÚøóÏó ÇáúßóÇÝöÑöíäó ÈöÚóÐóÇÈò Ãóáöíãò¡ ÓóãöÚó ÈóÚúÖõåõãú ÊóÝóÇÕöíáó Ðóáößó ßõáøóåóÇ Ãóæú ÈóÚúÖóåóÇ¡ æóÓóãöÚó ÈóÚúÖõåõãú ÅöÌúãóÇáóåóÇ: ãõÈóÇÔóÑóÉð Ãóæú ÈöÇáÊøóäóÇÞõáö Úóäú ÅöÎúæóÇäöåöãú¡ ÝóßóÇäó áöáúãóæúÕõæáöíøóÉö Ýöí Þóæúáöåö: Ãóäú ÞóÏú æóÌóÏúäÇ ãóÇ æóÚóÏóäÇ ÑóÈøõäÇ ÍóÞøðÇ Ýóåóáú æóÌóÏúÊõãú ãóÇ æóÚóÏó ÑóÈøõßõãú ÍóÞøðÇ ÅöíÌóÇÒñ ÈóÏöíÚñ¡ æóÇáúÌóæóÇÈõ ÈäÚã ÊóÍúÞöíÞ ááãÓÄæá Úóäúåõ Èöåóáú: áöÃóäøó ÇáÓøõÄóÇáó Èöåóáú íóÊóÖóãøóäõ ÊóÑúÌöíÍó ÇáÓøóÇÆöáö æõÞõæÚó ÇáúãóÓúÆõæáö Úóäúåõ¡ Ýóåõæó ÌóæóÇÈõ ÇáúãõÞöÑøö ÇáúãõÊóÍóÓøöÑö ÇáúãõÚúÊóÑöÝö¡ æóÞóÏú ÌóÇÁó ÇáúÌóæóÇÈõ ÕóÇáöÍðÇ áöÙóÇåöÑö ÇáÓøõÄóÇáö æóÎóÝöíøöåö¡ ÝóÇáúãóÞúÕõæÏõ ãöäó ÇáúÌóæóÇÈö ÈöåóÇ ÊóÍúÞöíÞõ ãóÇ ÃõÑöíÏó ÈöÇáÓøõÄóÇáö ãöäó ÇáúãóÚóÇäöí ÍóÞöíÞóÉð Ãóæú ãóÌóÇÒðÇ¡ ÅöÐú áóíúÓóÊú äóÚóãú ÎóÇÕøóÉð ÈöÊóÍúÞöíÞö ÇáúãóÚóÇäöí ÇáúÍóÞöíÞöíøóÉö.
æóÍóÐúÝõ ãóÝúÚõæáö (æóÚóÏó) ÇáËøóÇäöí Ýöí Þóæúáöåö: ãóÇ æóÚóÏó ÑóÈøõßõãú áöãõÌóÑøóÏö ÇáúÅöíÌóÇÒö áöÏóáóÇáóÉö ãõÞóÇÈöáöåö Úóáóíúåö Ýöí Þóæúáöåö: ãóÇ æóÚóÏóäÇ ÑóÈøõäÇ áöÃóäøó ÇáúãóÞúÕõæÏó ãöäó ÇáÓøõÄóÇáö ÓõÄóÇáõåõãú ÚóãøóÇ íóÎõÕøõåõãú. ÝóÇáÊøóÞúÏöíÑõ:
Ýóåóáú æóÌóÏúÊõãú ãóÇ æóÚóÏóßõãú ÑóÈøõßõãú¡ Ãóíú ãöäó ÇáúÚóÐóÇÈö áöÃóäøó ÇáúæóÚúÏó íõÓúÊóÚúãóáõ Ýöí ÇáúÎóíúÑö æóÇáÔøóÑøö.
æóÏóáøóÊö ÇáúÝóÇÁõ Ýöí Þóæúáöåö: ÝóÃóÐøóäó ãõÄóÐøöäñ Úóáóì Ãóäøó ÇáÊøóÃúÐöíäó ãõÓóÈøóÈñ Úóáóì ÇáúãõÍóÇæóÑóÉö ÊóÍúÞöíÞðÇ áöãóÞúÕöÏö Ãóåúáö ÇáúÌóäøóÉö ãöäú ÓõÄóÇáö Ãóåúáö ÇáäøóÇÑö ãöäú ÅöÙúåóÇÑö ÛóáóØöåöãú æóÝóÓóÇÏö ãõÚúÊóÞóÏöåöãú.
æóÇáÊøóÃúÐöíäõ: ÑóÝúÚõ ÇáÕøóæúÊö ÈöÇáúßóáóÇãö ÑóÝúÚðÇ íõÓúãöÚõ ÇáúÈóÚöíÏó ÈöÞóÏúÑö ÇáúÅöãúßóÇäö æóåõæó ãõÔúÊóÞøñ ãöäó ÇáúÃõÐõäö- ÈöÖóãøö ÇáúåóãúÒóÉö- ÌóÇÑöÍóÉö ÇáÓøóãúÚö ÇáúãóÚúÑõæÝóÉö¡ æóåóÐóÇ ÇáÊøóÃúÐöíäõ ÅöÎúÈóÇÑñ ÈöÇááøóÚúäö æóåõæó ÇáúÅöÈúÚóÇÏõ Úóäö ÇáúÎóíúÑö¡ Ãóíú ÅöÚúáóÇãñ ÈöÃóäøó Ãóåúáó ÇáäøóÇÑö ãõÈúÚóÏõæäó Úóäú(8-È/137)
ÑóÍúãóÉö Çááøóåö¡ ÒöíóÇÏóÉð Ýöí ÇáÊøóÃúíöíÓö áóåõãú¡ Ãóæú ÏõÚóÇÁð Úóáóíúåöãú ÈöÒöíóÇÏóÉö ÇáúÈõÚúÏö Úóäö ÇáÑøóÍúãóÉö¡ ÈöÊóÖúÚöíÝö ÇáúÚóÐóÇÈö Ãóæú ÊóÍúÞöíÞö ÇáúÎõáõæÏö¡ æóæõÞõæÚõ åóÐóÇ ÇáÊøóÃúÐöíäö ÚóÞöÈó ÇáúãõÍóÇæóÑóÉö íõÚúáóãõ ãöäúåõ Ãóäøó ÇáúãõÑóÇÏó ÈöÇáÙøóÇáöãöíäó¡ æóãóÇ ÊóÈöÚóåõ ãöäó ÇáÕøöÝóÇÊö æóÇáúÃóÝúÚóÇáö¡ åõãú ÃóÕúÍóÇÈõ ÇáäøóÇÑö¡ æóÇáúãóÞúÕõæÏõ ãöäú Êöáúßó ÇáÕøöÝóÇÊö ÊóÝúÙöíÚõ ÍóÇáöåöãú¡ æóÇáäøöÏóÇÁõ Úóáóì ÎõÈúËö äõÝõæÓöåöãú¡ æóÝóÓóÇÏö ãõÚúÊóÞóÏöåöãú.
æóÞóÑóÃó äóÇÝöÚñ¡ æóÃóÈõæ ÚóãúÑòæ¡ æóÚóÇÕöãñ¡ æóÞõäúÈõáñ Úóäö ÇÈúäö ßóËöíÑò: Ãóäú áóÚúäóÉõ Çááøóåö- ÈöÊóÎúÝöíÝö äõæäö (Ãóäøó) - Úóáóì ÃóäøóåóÇ ÊóÝúÓöíÑöíøóÉñ áöÝöÚúáö (ÃóÐøóäó) æóÑóÝúÚö (áóÚúäóÉõ) Úóáóì ÇáöÇÈúÊöÏóÇÁö æóÇáúÌõãúáóÉõ ÊóÝúÓöíÑöíøóÉñ¡ æóÞóÑóÃóåõ ÇáúÈóÇÞõæäó- ÈöÊóÔúÏöíÏö Çáäøõæäö æóÈöäóÕúÈö (áóÚúäóÉõ) Úóáóì (Ãóäøó) ÇáúÌõãúáóÉó ãóÝúÚõæáõ (ÃóÐøóäó) áöÊóÖóãøõäöåö ãóÚúäóì ÇáúÞóæúáö¡ æóÇáÊøóÞúÏöíÑõ: ÞóÇÆöáðÇ Ãóäøó áóÚúäóÉó Çááøóåö Úóáóì ÇáÙøóÇáöãöíäó.
æóÇáÊøóÚúÈöíÑõ Úóäúåõãú ÈöÇáÙøóÇáöãöíäó ÊóÚúÑöíÝñ áóåõãú ÈöæóÕúÝò ÌóÑóì ãóÌúÑóì ÇááøóÞóÈö ÊõÚúÑóÝõ Èöåö ÌóãóÇÚóÊõåõãú¡ ßóãóÇ íõÞóÇáõ: ÇáúãõÄúãöäöíäó¡ áöÃóåúáö ÇáúÅöÓúáóÇãö¡ ÝóáóÇ íõäóÇÝöí Ãóäøóåõãú Íöíäó æõÕöÝõæÇ Èöåö áóãú íóßõæäõæÇ ÙóÇáöãöíäó¡ áöÃóäøóåõãú ÞóÏú ÚóáöãõæÇ ÈõØúáóÇäó ÇáÔøöÑúßö ÍóÞøó ÇáúÚöáúãö æóÔóÃúäõ ÇÓúãö ÇáúÝóÇÚöáö Ãóäú íóßõæäó ÍóÞöíÞóÉð Ýöí ÇáúÍóÇáö ãóÌóÇÒðÇ Ýöí ÇáöÇÓúÊöÞúÈóÇáö¡ æóáóÇ íóßõæäõ áöáúãóÇÖöí¡ æóÃóãøóÇ ÅöÌúÑóÇÁõ ÇáÕøöáóÉö Úóáóíúåöãú ÈöÇáúÝöÚúáóíúäö ÇáúãõÖóÇÑöÚóíúäö Ýöí Þóæúáöåö: íóÕõÏøõæäó æóÞóæúáöåö: æóíóÈúÛõæäóåÇ æóÔóÃúäõ ÇáúãõÖóÇÑöÚö ÇáÏøóáóÇáóÉõ Úóáóì ÍóÏóËò ÍóÇÕöáò Ýöí Òóãóäö ÇáúÍóÇáö¡ æóåõãú Ýöí Òóãóäö ÇáÊøóÃúÐöíäö áóãú íóßõæäõæÇ ãõÊøóÕöÝöíäó ÈöÇáÕøóÏøö Úóäú ÓóÈöíáö Çááøóåö¡ æóáóÇ ÈöÈóÛúíö ÚöæóÌö ÇáÓøóÈöíáö¡ ÝóÐóáößó áöÞóÕúÏö ãóÇ íõÝöíÏõåõ ÇáúãõÖóÇÑöÚõ ãöäú ÊóßóÑøõÑö ÍõÕõæáö ÇáúÝöÚúáö ÊóÈóÚðÇ áöãóÚúäóì ÇáÊøóÌóÏøõÏö¡ æóÇáúãóÚúäóì æóÕúÝõåõãú ÈöÊóßóÑøõÑö Ðóáößó ãöäúåõãú Ýöí ÇáÒøóãóäö ÇáúãóÇÖöí¡ æóåõæó ãóÚúäóì Þóæúáö ÚõáóãóÇÁö ÇáúãóÚóÇäöí ÇÓúÊöÍúÖóÇÑõ ÇáúÍóÇáóÉö¡ ßóÞóæúáöåö ÊóÚóÇáóì Ýöí ÇáúÍößóÇíóÉö Úóäú äõæÍò: æóíóÕúäóÚõ ÇáúÝõáúßó [åæÏ: 38] ãóÚó Ãóäøó Òóãóäó ÕõäúÚö ÇáúÝõáúßö ãóÖóì¡ æóÅöäøóãóÇ ÞõÕöÏó ÇÓúÊöÍúÖóÇÑõ ÍóÇáóÉö ÇáÊøóÌóÏøõÏö¡ æóßóÐóáößó æóÕúÝõåõãú ÈöÇÓúãö ÇáúÝóÇÚöáö Ýöí Þóæúáöåö: æóåõãú ÈöÇáúÂÎöÑóÉö ßÇÝöÑõæäó ÝóÅöäøó ÍóÞøóåõ ÇáÏøóáóÇáóÉõ Úóáóì Òóãóäö ÇáúÍóÇáö¡ æóÞóÏö ÇÓúÊõÚúãöáó åõäóÇ Ýöí ÇáúãóÇÖöí: Ãóíú ßóÇÝöÑõæäó ÈöÇáúÂÎöÑóÉö ÝöíãóÇ ãóÖóì ãöäú ÍóíóÇÊöåöãõ ÇáÏøõäúíóÇ¡ æóßõáøõ Ðóáößó ÇÚúÊöãóÇÏñ Úóáóì ÞóÑöíäóÉö ÍóÇáö ÇáÓøóÇãöÚöíäó ÇáúãóÇäöÚóÉö ãöäú ÅöÑóÇÏóÉö ÇáúãóÚúäóì ÇáúÍóÞöíÞöíøö ãöäú ÕöíÛóÉö ÇáúãõÖóÇÑöÚö æóÕöíÛóÉö ÇÓúãö ÇáúÝóÇÚöáö¡ ÅöÐú ÞóÏú Úóáöãó ßõáøõ ÓóÇãöÚò Ãóäøó ÇáúãóÞúÕõæÏöíäó ÕóÇÑõæÇ ÛóíúÑó ãõÊóáóÈøöÓöíäó ÈöÊöáúßó ÇáúÃóÍúÏóÇËö Ýöí æóÞúÊö ÇáÊøóÃúÐöíäö¡ Èóáú ÊóáóÈøóÓõæÇ ÈöäóÞóÇÆöÖöåóÇ¡ ÝóÅöäøóåõãú(8-È/138)
ÍöíäóÆöÐò ÞóÏú ÚóáöãõæÇ ÇáúÍóÞøó æóÔóÇåóÏõæåõ ßóãóÇ Ïóáøó Úóáóíúåö Þóæúáõåõãú: äóÚóãú.
æóÅöäøóãóÇ ÚõÑøöÝõæÇ ÈöÊöáúßó ÇáúÃóÍúæóÇáö ÇáúãóÇÖöíóÉö áöÃóäøó ÇáäøõÝõæÓó ÇáúÈóÔóÑöíøóÉó ÊõÚúÑóÝõ ÈöÇáúÃóÍúæóÇáö ÇáøóÊöí ßóÇäóÊú ãõÊóáóÈøöÓóÉð
ÈöåóÇ Ýöí ãõÏøóÉö ÇáúÍóíóÇÉö ÇáúÃõæáóì. ÝóÈöÇáúãóæúÊö ÊóäúÊóåöí ÃóÍúæóÇáõ ÇáúÅöäúÓóÇäö ÝóíóÓúÊóÞöÑøõ ÇÊøöÕóÇÝõ äóÝúÓöåö ÈöãóÇ ÚóÇÔóÊú Úóáóíúåö¡
æóÝöí ÇáúÍóÏöíËö: «íõÈúÚóËõ ßõáøõ ÚóÈúÏò Úóáóì ãóÇ ãóÇÊó Úóáóíúåö» ÑóæóÇåõ ãõÓúáöãñ
¡ æóíóÌõæÒõ Ãóäú Êóßõæäó åóÐöåö ÇááøóÚúäóÉõ ßóÇäóÊö ÇáúãóáóÇÆößóÉõ íóáúÚóäõæäóåõãú ÈöåóÇ Ýöí ÇáÏøõäúíóÇ. ÝóÌóåóÑõæÇ ÈöåóÇ Ýöí ÇáúÂÎöÑóÉö¡ áöÃóäøóåóÇ ÕóÇÑóÊú ßóÇáÔøöÚóÇÑö áöáúßóÝóÑóÉö íõäóÇÏõæäó ÈöåóÇ¡ æóåóÐóÇ ßóãóÇ
ÌóÇÁó Ýöí ÇáúÍóÏöíËö: «íõÄúÊóì ÈöÇáúãõÄóÐøöäöíäó íóæúãó ÇáúÞöíóÇãóÉö íóÕúÑõÎõæäó ÈöÇáúÃóÐóÇäö»
ãóÚó Ãóäøó Ýöí ÃóáúÝóÇÙö ÇáúÃóÐóÇäö ãóÇ áóÇ íõÞúÕóÏõ ãóÚúäóÇåõ íóæúãóÆöÐò æóåõæó: «Íóíøö Úóáóì ÇáÕøóáóÇÉö Íóíøö Úóáóì ÇáúÝóáóÇÍö» . æóÝöí ÍößóÇíóÉö Ðóáößó åõäóÇ ÅöÚúáóÇãñ áöÃóÕúÍóÇÈö åóÐöåö ÇáÕøöÝóÇÊö Ýöí ÇáÏøõäúíóÇ ÈöÃóäøóåõãú ãóÍúÞõæÞõæäó ÈöáóÚúäóÉö Çááøóåö ÊóÚóÇáóì.
æóÇáúãõÑóÇÏõ ÈöÇáÙøóÇáöãöíäó: ÇáúãõÔúÑößõæäó¡ æóÈöÇáÕøóÏøö Úóäú ÓóÈöíáö Çááøóåö: ÅöãøóÇ ÊóÚóÑøõÖõ ÇáúãõÔúÑößöíäó áöáÑøóÇÛöÈöíäó Ýöí ÇáúÅöÓúáóÇãö ÈöÇáúÃóÐóì æóÇáÕøóÑúÝö Úóäö ÇáÏøõÎõæáö Ýöí ÇáÏøöíäö ÈöæõÌõæåò ãõÎúÊóáöÝóÉò¡ æóÓóÈöíáõ Çááøóåö ãóÇ Èöåö ÇáúæõÕõæáõ Åöáóì ãóÑúÖóÇÊöåö æóåõæó ÇáúÅöÓúáóÇãõ¡ Ýóíóßõæäõ ÇáÕøóÏøõ ãõÑóÇÏðÇ Èöåö ÇáúãõÊóÚóÏøöí Åöáóì ÇáúãóÝúÚõæáö. æóÅöãøóÇ ÅöÚúÑóÇÖõåõãú Úóäú ÓóãóÇÚö ÏóÚúæóÉö ÇáúÅöÓúáóÇãö æóÓóãóÇÚö ÇáúÞõÑúÂäö¡ Ýóíóßõæäõ ÇáÕøóÏøõ ãõÑóÇÏðÇ Èöåö ÇáúÞóÇÕöÑõ¡ ÇáøóÐöí Þöíáó: Åöäøó ãõÖóÇÑöÚóåõ ÈößóÓúÑö ÇáÕøóÇÏö¡ Ãóæú Åöäøó ÍóÞøó ãõÖóÇÑöÚöåö ßóÓúÑõ ÇáÕøóÇÏö¡ ÅöÐú Þöíáó áóãú íõÓúãóÚú ãóßúÓõæÑõ ÇáÕøóÇÏö¡ æóÅöäú ßóÇäó ÇáúÞöíóÇÓõ ßóÓúÑõ ÇáÕøóÇÏö Ýöí ÇááøóÇÒöãö æóÖóãøõåóÇ Ýöí ÇáúãõÊóÚóÏøöí.
æóÇáÖøóãöíÑõ ÇáúãõÄóäøóËõ Ýöí Þóæúáöåö: æóíóÈúÛõæäóåÇ ÚóÇÆöÏñ Åöáóì ÓóÈöíáö Çááøóåö. áöÃóäøó ÇáÓøóÈöíáó íõÐóßøóÑõ æóíõÄóäøóËõ ÞóÇáó ÊóÚóÇáóì: Þõáú åÐöåö ÓóÈöíáöí [íõæÓõÝ: 108] æóÞóÇáó: æóÅöäú íóÑóæúÇ ÓóÈöíáó ÇáÑøõÔúÏö áóÇ íóÊøóÎöÐõæåõ ÓóÈöíáðÇ [ÇáúÃóÚúÑóÇÝ: 146] .
æóÇáúÚöæóÌõ: ÖöÏøõ ÇáöÇÓúÊöÞóÇãóÉö¡ æóåõæó ÈöÝóÊúÍö ÇáúÚóíúäö Ýöí ÇáúÃóÌúÓóÇãö: æóÈößóÓúÑö ÇáúÚóíúäö Ýöí ÇáúãóÚóÇäöí.
æóÃóÕúáõåõ Ãóäú íóÌõæÒó Ýöíåö ÇáúÝóÊúÍõ æóÇáúßóÓúÑõ. æóáóßöäøó ÇáöÇÓúÊöÚúãóÇáó ÎóÕøóÕó ÇáúÍóÞöíÞóÉó ÈöÃóÍóÏö ÇáúæóÌúåóíúäö æóÇáúãóÌóÇÒó ÈöÇáúæóÌúåö ÇáúÂÎóÑö¡ æóÐóáößó ãöäú ãóÍóÇÓöäö ÇáöÇÓúÊöÚúãóÇáö¡ ÝóÇáúÅöÎúÈóÇÑõ Úóäö ÇáÓøóÈöíáö- (ÚöæóÌò) ÅöÎúÈóÇÑñ ÈöÇáúãóÕúÏóÑö áöáúãõÈóÇáóÛóÉö¡ Ãóíú æóíóÑõæãõæäó æóíõÍóÇæöáõæäó(8-È/139)
æóÈóíúäóåõãóÇ ÍöÌóÇÈñ æóÚóáóì ÇáúÃóÚúÑóÇÝö ÑöÌóÇáñ íóÚúÑöÝõæäó ßõáøðÇ ÈöÓöíãóÇåõãú æóäóÇÏóæúÇ ÃóÕúÍóÇÈó ÇáúÌóäøóÉö Ãóäú ÓóáóÇãñ Úóáóíúßõãú áóãú íóÏúÎõáõæåóÇ æóåõãú íóØúãóÚõæäó (46) æóÅöÐóÇ ÕõÑöÝóÊú ÃóÈúÕóÇÑõåõãú ÊöáúÞóÇÁó ÃóÕúÍóÇÈö ÇáäøóÇÑö ÞóÇáõæÇ ÑóÈøóäóÇ áóÇ ÊóÌúÚóáúäóÇ ãóÚó ÇáúÞóæúãö ÇáÙøóÇáöãöíäó (47)
ÅöÙúåóÇÑó åóÐöåö ÇáÓøóÈöíáö ÚóæúÌóÇÁó¡ Ãóíú íóÎúÊóáöÞõæäó áóåóÇ äóÞóÇÆöÕó íõãóæøöåõæäóåóÇ Úóáóì ÇáäøóÇÓö ÊóäúÝöíÑðÇ Úóäö ÇáúÅöÓúáóÇãö ßóÞóæúáöåöãú: åóáú äóÏõáøõßõãú Úóáì ÑóÌõáò íõäóÈøöÆõßõãú ÅöÐÇ ãõÒøöÞúÊõãú ßõáøó ãõãóÒøóÞò Åöäøóßõãú áóÝöí ÎóáúÞò ÌóÏöíÏò ÃóÝúÊóÑì Úóáóì Çááøóåö ßóÐöÈÇð Ãóãú Èöåö ÌöäøóÉñ [ÓÈÃ: 7¡ 8] ¡ æóÊóÞóÏøóãó ÊóÝúÓöíÑõåõ ÚöäúÏó Þóæúáöåö ÊóÚóÇáóì: íóÇ Ãóåúáó ÇáúßöÊÇÈö áöãó ÊóÕõÏøõæäó Úóäú ÓóÈöíáö Çááøóåö ãóäú Âãóäó ÊóÈúÛõæäóåÇ ÚöæóÌÇð Ýöí ÓõæÑóÉö Âáö ÚöãúÑóÇäó [99] .
æóæóÑóÏó æóÕúÝõåõãú ÈöÇáúßõÝúÑö ÈöØóÑöíÞö ÇáúÌõãúáóÉö ÇáöÇÓúãöíøóÉö Ýöí Þóæúáöåö: æóåõãú ÈöÇáúÂÎöÑóÉö ßÇÝöÑõæäó áöáÏøóáóÇáóÉö Úóáóì ËóÈóÇÊö ÇáúßõÝúÑö Ýöíåöãú æóÊóãóßøõäöåö ãöäúåõãú¡ áöÃóäøó ÇáúßõÝúÑó ãöäó ÇáöÇÚúÊöÞóÇÏóÇÊö ÇáúÚóÞúáöíøóÉö ÇáøóÊöí áóÇ íõäóÇÓöÈõåóÇ ÇáÊøóßóÑøõÑõ¡ ÝóáöÐóáößó ÎõæáöÝó Èóíúäóåõ æóÈóíúäó æóÕúÝöåöãú ÈöÇáÕøóÏøö Úóäú ÓóÈöíáö Çááøóåö æóÈóÛúíö ÅöÙúåóÇÑö ÇáúÚöæóÌö
ÝöíåóÇ¡ áöÃóäøó Ðóíúäóßó ãöäó ÇáúÃóÝúÚóÇáö ÇáúÞóÇÈöáóÉö áöáÊøóßúÑöíÑö¡ ÈöÎöáóÇÝö ÇáúßõÝúÑö ÝóÅöäøóåõ áóíúÓó ãöäó ÇáúÃóÝúÚóÇáö¡ æóáóßöäøóåõ ãöäó ÇáöÇäúÝöÚóÇáóÇÊö¡ æóäóÙöíÑõ Ðóáößó Þóæúáõåõ ÊóÚóÇáóì: íóÑúÒõÞõ ãóäú íóÔÇÁõ æóåõæó ÇáúÞóæöíøõ ÇáúÚóÒöíÒõ [ÇáÔæÑì:
19] .
[46¡ 47]
[ÓõæÑóÉ ÇáúÃóÚúÑóÇÝ (7) : ÇáúÂíóÇÊ 46 Åöáóì 47]
æóÈóíúäóåõãÇ ÍöÌÇÈñ æóÚóáóì ÇáúÃóÚúÑÇÝö ÑöÌÇáñ íóÚúÑöÝõæäó ßõáÇøð ÈöÓöíãÇåõãú æóäÇÏóæúÇ ÃóÕúÍÇÈó ÇáúÌóäøóÉö Ãóäú ÓóáÇãñ Úóáóíúßõãú áóãú íóÏúÎõáõæåÇ æóåõãú íóØúãóÚõæäó (46) æóÅöÐÇ ÕõÑöÝóÊú ÃóÈúÕÇÑõåõãú ÊöáúÞÇÁó ÃóÕúÍÇÈö ÇáäøóÇÑö ÞÇáõæÇ ÑóÈøóäÇ áóÇ ÊóÌúÚóáúäÇ ãóÚó ÇáúÞóæúãö ÇáÙøóÇáöãöíäó (47)
ÊóÞúÏöíãõ æóÈóíúäóåõãÇ æóåõæó ÎóÈóÑñ Úóáóì ÇáúãõÈúÊóÏóÃö áöáöÇåúÊöãóÇãö ÈöÇáúãóßóÇäö ÇáúãõÊóæóÓøöØö Èóíúäó ÇáúÌóäøóÉö æóÇáäøóÇÑö æóãóÇ ÐõßöÑó ãöäú ÔóÃúäöåö. æóÈöåóÐóÇ ÇáÊøóÞúÏöíãö ÕóÍøó ÊóÕúÍöíÍõ ÇáöÇÈúÊöÏóÇÁö ÈöÇáäøóßöÑóÉö¡ æóÇáÊøóäúßöíÑõ áöáÊøóÚúÙöíãö.
æóÖóãöíÑõ ÈóíúäóåõãÇ íóÚõæÏõ Åöáóì áóÝúÙóíö ÇáúÌóäøóÉö æóÇáäøóÇÑö ÇáúæóÇÞöÚóíúäö Ýöí Þóæúáöåö æóäÇÏì ÃóÕúÍÇÈõ ÇáúÌóäøóÉö ÃóÕúÍÇÈó ÇáäøóÇÑö [ÇáúÃóÚúÑóÇÝ: 44] æóåõãóÇ ÇÓúãóÇ ãóßóÇäò¡ ÝóíóÕúáõÍõ ÇÚúÊöÈóÇÑõ(8-È/140)
ÇáÊøóæóÓøõØö ÈóíúäóåõãóÇ. æóÌõÚöáó ÇáúÍöÌóÇÈõ ÝóÕúáðÇ ÈóíúäóåõãóÇ. æóÊóËúäöíóÉõ ÇáÖøóãöíÑö ÊõÚóíøöäõ åóÐóÇ ÇáúãóÚúäóì¡ æóáóæú ÃõÑöíÏó ãöäó ÇáÖøóãöíÑö ÝóÑöíÞóÇ Ãóåúáö ÇáúÌóäøóÉö æóÃóåúáö ÇáäøóÇÑö¡ áóÞóÇáó: Èóíúäóåõãú¡ ßóãóÇ ÞóÇáó Ýöí ÓõæÑóÉö ÇáúÍóÏöíÏö [13] ÝóÖõÑöÈó Èóíúäóåõãú ÈöÓõæÑò ÇáúÂíóÉó.
æóÇáúÍöÌóÇÈõ: ÓõæÑñ ÖõÑöÈó ÝóÇÕöáðÇ Èóíúäó ãóßóÇäö ÇáúÌóäøóÉö æóãóßóÇäö Ìóåóäøóãó¡ æóÞóÏú ÓóãøóÇåõ ÇáúÞõÑúÂäõ ÓõæÑðÇ Ýöí Þóæúáöåö: ÝóÖõÑöÈó Èóíúäóåõãú ÈöÓõæÑò áóåõ ÈÇÈñ Ýöí ÓõæÑóÉö ÇáúÍóÏöíÏö [13] ¡ æóÓõãøöíó ÇáÓøõæÑõ ÍöÌóÇÈðÇ áöÃóäøóåõ íõÞúÕóÏõ ãöäúåõ ÇáúÍóÌúÈõ æóÇáúãóäúÚõ ßóãóÇ Óõãøöíó ÓõæÑðÇ ÈöÇÚúÊöÈóÇÑö ÇáúÅöÍóÇØóÉö.
æóÇáúÃóÚúÑóÇÝõ: ÌóãúÚõ ÚõÑúÝò- ÈöÖóãøö ÇáúÚóíúäö æóÓõßõæäö ÇáÑøóÇÁö¡ æóÞóÏú ÊõÖóãøõ ÇáÑøóÇÁõ ÃóíúÖðÇ- æóåõæó ÃóÚúáóì ÇáÔøóíúÁö æóãöäúåõ Óõãøöíó ÚõÑúÝõ ÇáúÝóÑóÓö¡ ÇáÔøóÚúÑõ ÇáøóÐöí Ýöí ÃóÚúáóì ÑóÞóÈóÊöåö¡ æóÓõãøöíó ÚõÑúÝõ ÇáÏøöíßö.
ÇáÑøöíÔõ ÇáøóÐöí Ýöí ÃóÚúáóì ÑóÃúÓöåö.
æó (Ãóáú) Ýöí ÇáúÃóÚúÑÇÝö áöáúÚóåúÏö. æóåöíó ÇáúÃóÚúÑóÇÝõ ÇáúãóÚúåõæÏóÉõ ÇáøóÊöí Êóßõæäõ ÈóÇÑöÒóÉð Ýöí ÃóÚóÇáöí ÇáÓøõæÑö. áöíóÑúÞõÈó ãöäúåóÇ ÇáäøóÙøóÇÑóÉõ ÍóÑóßóÇÊö ÇáúÚóÏøö æóáöíóÔúÚõÑõæÇ Èöåö ÅöÐóÇ ÏóÇåóãóåõãú. æóáóãú íóÓúÈöÞú ÐößúÑñ áöáúÃóÚúÑóÇÝö åõäóÇ ÍóÊøóì ÊõÚóÑøóÝó ÈöáóÇãö ÇáúÚóåúÏö¡ ÝóÊóÚóíøóäó ÃóäøóåóÇ ãóÇ íóÚúåóÏõåõ ÇáäøóÇÓõ Ýöí ÇáúÃóÓúæóÇÑö. Ãóæú íóÌúÚóáõ (Ãóáú) ÚöæóÖðÇ Úóäö ÇáúãõÖóÇÝö Åöáóíúåö: Ãóíú æóÚóáóì ÃóÚúÑóÇÝö ÇáÓøõæÑö. æóåõãóÇ æóÌúåóÇäö Ýöí äóÙóÇÆöÑö åóÐóÇ ÇáÊøóÚúÑöíÝö ßóÞóæúáöåö ÊóÚóÇáóì: ÝóÅöäøó ÇáúÌóäøóÉó åöíó ÇáúãóÃúæì [ÇáäÇÒÚÇÊ: 41] æóÃóíøðÇ ãóÇ ßóÇäó ÝóäóÙúãõ ÇáúÂíóÉö íóÃúÈóì Ãóäú íóßõæäó ÇáúãõÑóÇÏõ ãöäó ÇáúÃóÚúÑóÇÝö ãóßóÇäðÇ ãóÎúÕõæÕðÇ íóÊóÚóÑøóÝõ ãöäúåõ Ãóåúáõ ÇáúÌóäøóÉö æóÃóåúáõ ÇáäøóÇÑö¡ ÅöÐú áóÇ æóÌúåó ÍöíäóÆöÐò áöÊóÚúÑöíÝöåö ãóÚó ÚóÏóãö ÓóÈúÞö ÇáúÍóÏöíËö Úóäúåõ.
æóÊóÞúÏöíãõ ÇáúÌóÇÑøö æóÇáúãóÌúÑõæÑö áöÊóÕúÍöíÍö ÇáöÇÈúÊöÏóÇÁö ÈöÇáäøóßöÑóÉö¡ ÅöÐö ÇÞúÊóÖóì ÇáúãóÞóÇãõ ÇáúÍóÏöíËó Úóäú ÑöÌóÇáò ãóÌúåõæáöíäó íóßõæäõæäó Úóáóì ÃóÚúÑóÇÝö åóÐóÇ ÇáúÍöÌóÇÈö¡ ÞóÈúáó Ãóäú íóÏúÎõáõæÇ ÇáúÌóäøóÉó¡ ÝóíóÔúåóÏõæäó åõäóÇáößó ÃóÍúæóÇáó Ãóåúáö ÇáúÌóäøóÉö æóÃóÍúæóÇáó Ãóåúáö ÇáäøóÇÑö¡ æóíóÚúÑöÝõæäó ÑöÌóÇáðÇ ãöäú Ãóåúáö ÇáäøóÇÑö ßóÇäõæÇ ãöäú Ãóåúáö ÇáúÚöÒøóÉö æóÇáúßöÈúÑöíóÇÁö Ýöí ÇáÏøõäúíóÇ¡ æóßóÇäõæÇ íõßóÐøöÈõæäó æóÚúÏó Çááøóåö ÇáúãõÄúãöäöíäó ÈöÇáúÌóäøóÉö¡ æóáóíúÓó ÊóÎúÕöíÕõ ÇáÑøöÌóÇáö ÈöÇáÐøößúÑö ÈöãõÞúÊóÖò Ãóäú áóíúÓó Ýöí Ãóåúáö ÇáúÃóÚúÑóÇÝö äöÓóÇÁñ¡ æóáóÇ ÇÎúÊöÕóÇÕõ åóÄõáóÇÁö ÇáÑøöÌóÇáö ÇáúãõÊóÍóÏøóËö(8-È/141)
Úóäúåõãú ÈöÐóáößó ÇáúãóßóÇäö Ïõæäó ÓöæóÇåõãú ãöäó ÇáÑøöÌóÇáö¡ æóáóßöäøó åóÄõáóÇÁö ÑöÌóÇáñ íóÞóÚõ áóåõãú åóÐóÇ ÇáúÎóÈóÑõ¡ ÝóÐõßöÑõæÇ åõäóÇ áöáöÇÚúÊöÈóÇÑö Úóáóì æóÌúåö ÇáúãõÕóÇÏóÝóÉö¡ áóÇ áöÞóÕúÏö ÊóÞúÓöíãö Ãóåúáö ÇáúÂÎöÑóÉö æóÃóãúßöäóÊöåöãú¡ æóáóÚóáøó Êóæóåøõãó Ãóäøó ÊóÎúÕöíÕó ÇáÑøöÌóÇáö ÈöÇáÐøößúÑö áöÞóÕúÏö ÇáÊøóÞúÓöíãö ÞóÏú ÃóæúÞóÚó ÈóÚúÖó ÇáúãõÝóÓøöÑöíäó Ýöí ÍóíúÑóÉò áöÊóØóáøõÈö ÇáúãóÚúäóì áöÃóäøó Ðóáößó íóÞúÊóÖöí Ãóäú íóßõæäó Ãóåúáõ ÇáúÃóÚúÑóÇÝö ÞóÏö ÇÓúÊóÍóÞøõæÇ Ðóáößó ÇáúãóßóÇäó áöÃóÌúáö ÍóÇáóÉò áóÇ ÍóÙøó áöáäøöÓóÇÁö ÝöíåóÇ¡ ÝóÈóÚúÖõåõãú Íóãóáó ÇáÑøöÌóÇáó Úóáóì ÇáúÍóÞöíÞóÉö ÝóÊóØóáøóÈó ÚóãóáðÇ íóÚúãóáõåõ ÇáÑøöÌóÇáõ áóÇ ÍóÙøó áöáäøöÓóÇÁö Ýöíåö Ýöí ÇáúÅöÓúáóÇãö¡ æóáóíúÓó ÅöáøóÇ ÇáúÌöåóÇÏõ¡ ÝóÞóÇáó ÈóÚúÖõ ÇáúãõÝóÓøöÑöíäó: åóÄõáóÇÁö Þóæúãñ ÌóÇåóÏõæÇ æóßóÇäõæÇ ÚóÇÕöíäó áöÂÈóÇÆöåöãú¡ æóÈóÚúÖõ ÇáúãõÝóÓøöÑöíäó Íóãóáó ÇáÑøöÌóÇáó Úóáóì ÇáúãóÌóÇÒö ÈöãóÚúäóì ÇáúÃóÔúÎóÇÕö ãöäó ÇáúãóáóÇÆößóÉö¡ ÃõØúáöÞó Úóáóíúåöãõ ÇáÑøöÌóÇáó áöÃóäøóåõãú áóíúÓõæÇ ÅöäóÇËðÇ ßóãóÇ ÃõØúáöÞó Úóáóì ÃóÔúÎóÇÕö ÇáúÌöäøö Ýöí Þóæúáöåö ÊóÚóÇáóì: æóÃóäøóåõ ßÇäó ÑöÌÇáñ ãöäó ÇáúÅöäúÓö íóÚõæÐõæäó ÈöÑöÌÇáò ãöäó ÇáúÌöäøö [ÇáúÌöäøö: 6] ÝóíóÙúåóÑõ æóÌúåñ áöÊóÎúÕöíÕö ÇáÑøöÌóÇáö ÈöÇáÐøößúÑö ÊóÈóÚðÇ áöãóÇ Ýöí ÈóÚúÖö Êöáúßó ÇáúÃóÍóÇÏöíËö ÇáøóÊöí ÃóÔóÑúäóÇ ÅöáóíúåóÇ.
æóÃóãøóÇ ãóÇ äõÞöáó Úóäú ÈóÚúÖö ÇáÓøóáóÝö Ãóäøó Ãóåúáó ÇáúÃóÚúÑóÇÝö åõãú Þóæúãñ ÇÓúÊóæóÊú ãóæóÇÒöíäõ ÍóÓóäóÇÊöåöãú ãóÚó ãóæóÇÒöíäö ÓóíøöÆóÇÊöåöãú¡ æóíóßõæäõ ÅöØúáóÇÞõ ÇáÑøöÌóÇáö Úóáóíúåöãú ÊóÛúáöíÈðÇ¡ áöÃóäøóåõ áóÇ ÈõÏøó Ãóäú íóßõæäó Ýöíåöãú äöÓóÇÁñ¡ æóíõÑúæóì Ýöíåö ÃóÎúÈóÇÑñ ãõÓúäóÏóÉñ Åöáóì ÇáäøÈíÁ Õóáøóì Çááåõ Úóáóíúåö æóÓóáøóãó áóãú ÊóÈúáõÛú ãóÈúáóÛó ÇáÕøóÍöíÍö æóáóãú ÊóäúÒöáú Åöáóì ÑõÊúÈóÉö ÇáÖøóÚöíÝö:
Ñóæóì ÈóÚúÖõåóÇ ÇÈúäõ ãóÇÌóåú¡ æóÈóÚúÖõåóÇ ÇÈúäõ ãóÑúÏóæóíúåö¡ æóÈóÚúÖõåóÇ ÇáØøóÈóÑöíøõ¡ ÝóÅöÐóÇ ÕóÍøóÊú ÝóÅöäøó ÇáúãõÑóÇÏó ãöäúåóÇ Ãóäøó ãóäú ßóÇäóÊú Êöáúßó ÍóÇáóÊõåõãú íóßõæäõæäó ãöäú ÌõãúáóÉö Ãóåúáö ÇáúÃóÚúÑóÇÝö ÇáúãõÎúÈóÑö Úóäúåõãú Ýöí ÇáúÞõÑúÂäö ÈöÃóäøóåõãú áóãú íóÏúÎõáõæÇ ÇáúÌóäøóÉó æóåõãú íóØúãóÚõæäó. æóáóíúÓó ÇáúãõÑóÇÏõ ãöäúåóÇ Ãóäøóåõãõ ÇáúãóÞúÕõæÏõ ãöäú åóÐöåö ÇáúÂíóÉö ßóãóÇ áóÇ íóÎúÝóì Úóáóì ÇáúãõÊóÃóãøöáö ÝöíåóÇ.
æóÇáøóÐöí íóäúÈóÛöí ÊóÝúÓöíÑõ ÇáúÂíóÉö Èöåö: Ãóäøó åóÐöåö ÇáúÃóÚúÑóÇÝó ÌóÚóáóåóÇ Çááøóåõ ãóßóÇäðÇ íõæÞöÝõ Èöåö ãóäú ÌóÚóáóåõ Çááøóåõ ãöäú Ãóåúáö ÇáúÌóäøóÉö ÞóÈúáó ÏõÎõæáöåö ÅöíøóÇåóÇ¡ æóÐóáößó ÖóÑúÈñ ãöäó ÇáúÚöÞóÇÈö ÎóÝöíÝñ¡ ÝóÌóÚóáó ÇáÏøóÇÎöáöíäó Åöáóì ÇáúÌóäøóÉö ãõÊóÝóÇæöÊöíäó Ýöí ÇáÓøóÈúÞö ÊóÝóÇæõÊðÇ íóÚúáóãõ Çááøóåõ ÃóÓúÈóÇÈóåõ æóãóÞóÇÏöíÑóåõ¡ æóÞóÏú ÞóÇáó ÊóÚóÇáóì: áóÇ íóÓúÊóæöí ãöäúßõãú ãóäú ÃóäúÝóÞó ãöäú ÞóÈúáö ÇáúÝóÊúÍö æóÞÇÊóáó ÃõæáÆößó ÃóÚúÙóãõ ÏóÑóÌóÉð ãöäó ÇáøóÐöíäó ÃóäúÝóÞõæÇ ãöäú ÈóÚúÏõ æóÞÇÊóáõæÇ æóßõáøðÇ æóÚóÏó Çááøóåõ ÇáúÍõÓúäì [ÇáúÍóÏöíÏ: 10] æóÎóÕøó Çááøóåõ(8-È/142)
ÈöÇáúÍóÏöíËö Ýöí åóÐöåö ÇáúÂíóÇÊö ÑöÌóÇáðÇ ãöäú
ÃóÕúÍóÇÈö ÇáúÃóÚúÑóÇÝö. Ëõãøó íõÍúÊóãóáõ Ãóäú íóßõæäó ÃóÕúÍóÇÈõ ÇáúÃóÚúÑóÇÝö ãöäó ÇáúÃõãøóÉö ÇáúÅöÓúáóÇãöíøóÉö ÎóÇÕøóÉð.
æóíõÍúÊóãóáõ Ãóäú íóßõæäõæÇ ãöäú ÓóÇÆöÑö ÇáúÃõãóãö ÇáúãõÄãäöíäó ÈÑÓáåã¡ æÃíøÇãÇ ßóÇäó ÝóÇáúãóÞúÕõæÏõ ãöäú åóÐöåö ÇáúÂíóÇÊö åõãú ãóäú ßóÇäó ãöäó ÇáúÃõãøóÉö ÇáúãõÍóãøóÏöíøóÉö.
æóÊóäúæöíäõ ßõáøðÇ ÚóæöÖñ Úóäö ÇáúãõÖóÇÝö Åöáóíúåö ÇáúãóÚúÑõæÝö ãöäó ÇáúßóáóÇãö ÇáúãõÊóÞóÏøöãö. Ãóíú ßõáøó Ãóåúáö ÇáúÌóäøóÉö æóÃóåúáö ÇáäøóÇÑö.
æóÇáÓøöíãóÇ ÈöÇáúÞóÕúÑö ÇáÓøöãóÉõ Ãóíö ÇáúÚóáóÇãóÉõ¡ Ãóíú ÈöÚóáøóÇãóÉò ãóíøóÒó Çááøóåõ ÈöåóÇ Ãóåúáó ÇáúÌóäøóÉö æóÃóåúáó ÇáäøóÇÑö¡ æóÞóÏú ÊóÞóÏøóãó ÈóíóÇäõåóÇ æóÇÔúÊöÞóÇÞõåóÇ ÚöäúÏó Þóæúáöåö ÊóÚóÇáóì: ÊóÚúÑöÝõåõãú ÈöÓöíãÇåõãú Ýöí ÓõæÑóÉö ÇáúÈóÞóÑóÉö [273] .
æóäöÏóÇÄõåõãú Ãóåúáó ÇáúÌóäøóÉö ÈöÇáÓøóáóÇãö íõÄúÐöäõ ÈöÃóäøóåõãú Ýöí ÇÊøöÕóÇáò ÈóÚöíÏò ãöäú Ãóåúáö ÇáúÌóäøóÉö¡ ÝóÌóÚóáó Çááøóåõ Ðóáößó ÃóãóÇÑóÉð áóåõãú ÈöÍõÓúäö ÚóÇÞöÈóÊöåöãú ÊóÑúÊóÇÍõ áóåóÇ äõÝõæÓõåõãú. æóíóÚúáóãõæäó Ãóäøóåõãú ÕóÇÆöÑõæäó Åöáóì ÇáúÌóäøóÉö¡ ÝóáöÐóáößó Íóßóì Çááøóåõ ÍóÇáóåõãú åóÐöåö áöáäøóÇÓö ÅöíÐóÇäðÇ ÈöÐóáößó æóÈóÇäó ØóãóÚõåõãú Ýöí Þóæúáöåö: áóãú íóÏúÎõáõæåÇ æóåõãú íóØúãóÚõæäó åõæó ØóãóÚñ ãõÓúÊóäöÏñ Åöáóì ÚóáóÇãóÇÊö æõÞõæÚö ÇáúãóØúãõæÚö Ýöíåö¡ Ýóåõæó ãöäú ÕöäúÝö ÇáÑøóÌóÇÁö ßóÞóæúáöåö:
æóÇáøóÐöí ÃóØúãóÚõ Ãóäú íóÛúÝöÑó áöí ÎóØöíÆóÊöí íóæúãó ÇáÏøöíäö [ÇáÔøõÚóÑóÇÁ 82] .
æÃóäú ÊóÝúÓöíÑñ áöáäøöÏóÇÁö¡ æóåõæó ÇáúÞóæúáõ ÓóáÇãñ Úóáóíúßõãú. æÓóáÇãñ Úóáóíúßõãú ÏõÚóÇÁõ ÊóÍöíøóÉò æóÅößúÑóÇãò.
æóÌõãúáóÉõ: áóãú íóÏúÎõáõæåÇ æóåõãú íóØúãóÚõæäó ãõÓúÊóÃúäóÝóÉñ áöáúÈóíóÇäö¡ áöÃóäøó Þóæúáóåõ æóäÇÏóæúÇ ÃóÕúÍÇÈó ÇáúÌóäøóÉö íõËöíÑõ ÓõÄóÇáðÇ íóÈúÍóËõ Úóäú ßóæúäöåöãú ÕóÇÆöÑöíäó Åöáóì ÇáúÌóäøóÉö Ãóæú Åöáóì ÛóíúÑöåóÇ. æóÌõãúáóÉõ: æóåõãú íóØúãóÚõæäó ÍóÇáñ ãöäú ÖóãöíÑö íóÏúÎõáõæåÇ æóÇáúÌõãúáóÊóÇäö ãóÚðÇ ãõÚúÊóÑöÖóÊóÇäö Èóíúäó ÌõãúáóÉö: æóäÇÏóæúÇ ÃóÕúÍÇÈó ÇáúÌóäøóÉö æóÌõãúáóÉõ æóÅöÐÇ ÕõÑöÝóÊú ÃóÈúÕÇÑõåõãú.
æóÌõãúáóÉõ: æóÅöÐÇ ÕõÑöÝóÊú ÃóÈúÕÇÑõåõãú ãóÚúØõæÝóÉñ Úóáóì ÌõãúáóÉö: æóäÇÏóæúÇ ÃóÕúÍÇÈó ÇáúÌóäøóÉö.
æóÇáÕøóÑúÝõ: ÃóãóÑõ ÇáúÍóÇáö ÈöãõÛóÇÏóÑóÉö ÇáúãóßóÇäö. æóÇáÕøóÑúÝõ åõäóÇ ãóÌóÇÒñ Ýöí ÇáöÇáúÊöÝóÇÊö Ãóæö ÇÓúÊöÚóÇÑóÉñ.
æóÅöÓúäóÇÏõåõ Åöáóì ÇáúãóÌúåõæáö åõäóÇ ÌóÇÑò Úóáóì ÇáúãõÊóÚóÇÑóÝö Ýöí ÃóãúËóÇáöåö ãöäó(8-È/143)
æóäóÇÏóì ÃóÕúÍóÇÈõ ÇáúÃóÚúÑóÇÝö ÑöÌóÇáðÇ íóÚúÑöÝõæäóåõãú ÈöÓöíãóÇåõãú ÞóÇáõæÇ ãóÇ ÃóÛúäóì Úóäúßõãú ÌóãúÚõßõãú æóãóÇ ßõäúÊõãú ÊóÓúÊóßúÈöÑõæäó (48) ÃóåóÄõáóÇÁö ÇáøóÐöíäó ÃóÞúÓóãúÊõãú áóÇ íóäóÇáõåõãõ Çááøóåõ ÈöÑóÍúãóÉò ÇÏúÎõáõæÇ ÇáúÌóäøóÉó áóÇ ÎóæúÝñ Úóáóíúßõãú æóáóÇ ÃóäúÊõãú ÊóÍúÒóäõæäó (49)
ÇáúÃóÝúÚóÇáö ÇáøóÊöí áóÇ íõÊóØóáøóÈõ áóåóÇ ÝóÇÚöáñ¡ æóÞóÏú Êóßóæøóäó áöåóÐóÇ ÇáúÅöÓúäóÇÏö åõäóÇ ÝóÇÆöÏóÉñ ÒóÇÆöÏóÉñ æóåöíó ÇáúÅöÔóÇÑóÉõ Åöáóì Ãóäøóåõãú áóÇ íóäúÙõÑõæäó Åöáóì Ãóåúáö ÇáäøóÇÑö ÅöáøóÇ äóÙóÑðÇ ÔóÈöíåðÇ ÈöÝöÚúáö ãóäú íóÍúãöáõåõ Úóáóì ÇáúÝöÚúáö ÍóÇãöáñ¡ æóÐóáößó Ãóäøó ÇáäøóÝúÓó æóÅöäú ßóÇäóÊú ÊóßúÑóåõ ÇáúãóäóÇÙöÑó ÇáÓøóíøöÆóÉó ÝóÅöäøó ÍõÈøó ÇáöÇØøöáóÇÚö íóÍúãöáõåóÇ Úóáóì Ãóäú ÊõæóÌøöåó ÇáäøóÙóÑó ÅöáóíúåóÇ ÂæöäóÉð áöÊóÍúÕöíáö ãóÇ åõæó ãóÌúåõæáñ áóÏóíúåóÇ.
æóÇáÊøöáúÞóÇÁõ: ãóßóÇäõ æõÌõæÏö ÇáÔøóíúÁö¡ æóåõæó ãóäúÞõæáñ ãöäó ÇáúãóÕúÏóÑö ÇáøóÐöí åõæó ÈöãóÚúäóì ÇááøöÞóÇÁö¡ áöÃóäøó
ãóÍóáøó ÇáúæõÌõæÏö ãõáóÇÞò ááãæÌæÏ Ýöíåö.
[48¡ 49]
[ÓõæÑóÉ ÇáúÃóÚúÑóÇÝ (7) : ÇáúÂíóÇÊ 48 Åöáóì 49]
æóäÇÏì ÃóÕúÍÇÈõ ÇáúÃóÚúÑÇÝö ÑöÌÇáÇð íóÚúÑöÝõæäóåõãú ÈöÓöíãÇåõãú ÞÇáõæÇ ãóÇ ÃóÛúäì Úóäúßõãú ÌóãúÚõßõãú æóãÇ ßõäúÊõãú ÊóÓúÊóßúÈöÑõæäó (48) ÃóåÄõáÇÁö ÇáøóÐöíäó ÃóÞúÓóãúÊõãú áóÇ íóäÇáõåõãõ Çááøóåõ ÈöÑóÍúãóÉò ÇÏúÎõáõæÇ ÇáúÌóäøóÉó áóÇ ÎóæúÝñ Úóáóíúßõãú æóáÇ ÃóäúÊõãú ÊóÍúÒóäõæäó (49)
ÇáÊøóÚúÑöíÝõ Ýöí Þóæúáöåö: ÃóÕúÍÇÈõ ÇáúÃóÚúÑÇÝö áöáúÚóåúÏö ÈöÞóÑöíäóÉö ÊóÞóÏøõãö ÐößúÑöåö Ýöí Þóæúáöåö: æóÚóáóì ÇáúÃóÚúÑÇÝö ÑöÌÇáñ [ÇáúÃóÚúÑóÇÝö: 46] æóÈöÞóÑöíäóÉö Þóæúáöåö åõäóÇ ÑöÌÇáðÇ íóÚúÑöÝõæäóåõãú ÅöÐú áóÇ íóÓúÊóÞöíãõ Ãóäú íóßõæäó ÃõæáóÆößó ÇáÑøöÌóÇáõ íõäóÇÏöíåöãú ÌóãöíÚõ ãóäú ßóÇäó Úóáóì ÇáúÃóÚúÑóÇÝö¡ æóáóÇ Ãóäú íóÚúÑöÝóåõãú ÈöÓöíãóÇåõãú ÌóãöíÚõ ÇáøóÐöíäó ßóÇäõæÇ Úóáóì ÇáúÃóÚúÑóÇÝö¡ ãóÚó ÇÎúÊöáóÇÝö ÇáúÚõÕõæÑö æóÇáúÃõãóãö¡ ÝóÇáúãóÞúÕõæÏõ ÈöÃóÕúÍóÇÈö ÇáúÃóÚúÑóÇÝö åõãõ ÇáÑøöÌóÇáõ ÇáøóÐöíäó ÐõßöÑõæÇ Ýöí ÇáúÂíóÉö ÇáÓøóÇÈöÞóÉö ÈöÞóæúáöåö: æóÚóáóì ÇáúÃóÚúÑÇÝö ÑöÌÇáñ [ÇáúÃóÚúÑóÇÝ: 46] ßÃäøå Þöíáó: æóäóÇÏóì ÃõæáóÆößó ÇáÑøöÌóÇáõ ÇáøóÐöíäó Úóáóì ÇáúÃóÚúÑóÇÝö ÑöÌóÇáðÇ. æóÇáÊøóÚúÈöíÑõ Úóäúåõãú åõäóÇ ÈöÃóÕúÍóÇÈö ÇáúÃóÚúÑóÇÝö ÅöÙúåóÇÑñ Ýöí ãóÞóÇãö ÇáúÅöÖúãóÇÑö¡ ÅöÐú ßóÇäó ãõÞúÊóÖóì ÇáÙøóÇåöÑö Ãóäú íõÞóÇáó. æóäóÇÏóæúÇ ÑöÌóÇáðÇ¡ ÅöáøóÇ Ãóäøóåõ áóãøóÇ ÊóÚóÏøóÏó Ýöí ÇáúÂíóÉö ÇáÓøóÇÈöÞóÉö ãóÇ íóÕúáõÍõ áöÚóæúÏö ÇáÖøóãóÇÆöÑö Åöáóíúåö æóÞóÚó ÇáúÅöÙúåóÇÑõ Ýöí ãóÞóÇãö ÇáúÅöÖúãóÇÑö ÏóÝúÚðÇ áöáöÇáúÊöÈóÇÓö.(8-È/144)
æóÇáäøöÏóÇÁõ íõÄúÐöäõ ÈöÈõÚúÏö ÇáúãõÎóÇØóÈö ÝóíóÙúåóÑõ Ãóäøó Ãóåúáó ÇáúÃóÚúÑóÇÝö áóãøóÇ ÊóØóáøóÚõæÇ ÈöÃóÈúÕóÇÑöåöãú Åöáóì ÇáäøóÇÑö ÚóÑóÝõæÇ ÑöÌóÇáðÇ¡ Ãóæú ÞóÈúáó Ðóáößó áóãøóÇ ãõÑøó Úóáóíúåöãú ÈöÃóåúáö ÇáäøóÇÑö ÚóÑóÝõæÇ ÑöÌóÇáðÇ ßóÇäõæÇ ÌóÈøóÇÑöíäó Ýöí ÇáÏøõäúíóÇ.
æóÇáÓøöíãóÇ åõäóÇ íóÊóÚóíøóäõ Ãóäú íóßõæäó ÇáúãõÑóÇÏõ ÈöåóÇ ÇáúãõÔóÎøöÕóÇÊö ÇáÐøóÇÊöíøóÉó ÇáøóÊöí ÊóÊóãóíøóÒõ ÈöåóÇ ÇáúÃóÔúÎóÇÕõ¡ æóáóíúÓóÊö ÇáÓøöíãóÇ ÇáøóÊöí íóÊóãóíøóÒõ ÈöåóÇ Ãóåúáõ ÇáäøóÇÑö ßõáøõåõãú ßóãóÇ åõæó Ýöí ÇáúÂíóÉö ÇáÓøóÇÈöÞóÉö.
ÝóÇáúãóÞúÕõæÏõ ÈöåóÐöåö ÇáúÂíóÉö ÐößúÑõ ÔóíúÁò ãöäú ÃóãúÑö ÇáúÂÎöÑóÉö¡ Ýöíåö äöÐóÇÑóÉñ æóãóæúÚöÙóÉñ áöÌóÈóÇÈöÑóÉö ÇáúãõÔúÑößöíäó ãöäó ÇáúÚóÑóÈö ÇáøóÐöíäó ßóÇäõæÇ íõÍóÞøöÑõæäó ÇáúãõÓúÊóÖúÚóÝöíäó ãöäó ÇáúãõÄúãöäöíäó¡ æóÝöíåöãú ÚóÈöíÏñ æóÝõÞóÑóÇÁõ ÝóÅöÐóÇ ÓóãöÚõæÇ ÈöÔóÇÑóÇÊö ÇáúÞõÑúÂäö áöáúãõÄúãöäöíäó ÈöÇáúÌóäøóÉö ÓóßóÊõæÇ Úóãøóäú ßóÇäó ãöäú ÃóÍúÑóÇÑö ÇáúãõÓúáöãöíäó æóÓóÇÏóÊöåöãú. æóÃóäúßóÑõæÇ Ãóäú íóßõæäó ÃõæáóÆößó ÇáÖøöÚóÇÝõ æóÇáúÚóÈöíÏõ ãöäú Ãóåúáö ÇáúÌóäøóÉö¡ æóÐóáößó Úóáóì ÓóÈöíáö ÇáúÝóÑúÖö¡ Ãóíú áóæú ÝóÑóÖõæÇ ÕöÏúÞó æõÌõæÏö ÌóäøóÉò¡ ÝóáóíúÓó åóÄõáóÇÁö ÈöÃóåúáò áöÓõßúäóì ÇáúÌóäøóÉö áöÃóäøóåõãú ãóÇ ßóÇäõæÇ íõÄúãöäõæäó ÈöÇáúÌóäøóÉö¡ æóÞóÕúÏõåõãú ãöäú åóÐóÇ ÊóßúÐöíÈ ÇáäøÈíÁ Õóáøóì Çááåõ Úóáóíúåö æóÓóáøóãó æóÅöÙúåóÇÑö ãóÇ íóÍúÓóÈõæäóåõ ÎóØóáðÇ ãöäú ÃóÞúæóÇáöåö¡ æóÐóáößó ãöËúáõ Þóæúáöåöãú: åóáú äóÏõáøõßõãú Úóáì ÑóÌõáò íõäóÈøöÆõßõãú ÅöÐÇ ãõÒøöÞúÊõãú ßõáøó ãõãóÒøóÞò Åöäøóßõãú áóÝöí ÎóáúÞò ÌóÏöíÏò [ÓÈÃ: 7] ÝóÌóÚóáõæÇ ÊóãóÒøõÞó ÇáúÃóÌúÓóÇÏö æóÝóäóÇÁóåóÇ ÏóáöíáðÇ Úóáóì ÅöÈúØóÇáö ÇáúÍóÔúÑö¡ æóÓóßóÊõæÇ Úóäú ÍóÔúÑö ÇáúÃóÌúÓóÇÏö ÇáøóÊöí áóãú ÊõãóÒøóÞú. æóßõáøõ Ðóáößó ãöäú ÓõæÁö ÇáúÝóåúãö æóÖóÚúÝö ÇáúÅöÏúÑóÇßö æóÇáÊøóÎúáöíØö Èóíúäó ÇáúÚóÇÏöíøóÇÊö æóÇáúÚóÞúáöíøóÇÊö.
ÞóÇáó ÇÈúäõ ÇáúßóáúÈöíøö: «íõäóÇÏöí Ãóåúáõ ÇáúÃóÚúÑóÇÝö æóåõãú Úóáóì ÇáÓøõæÑö íóÇ æóáöíÏõ Èúäó ÇáúãõÛöíÑóÉö íóÇ ÃóÈóÇ Ìóåúáó Èúäó åöÔóÇãò íóÇ ÝõáóÇäõ æóíóÇ ÝõáóÇäõ» ÝóåóÄõáóÇÁö ãöäó ÇáÑøöÌóÇáö ÇáøóÐöíäó íóÚúÑöÝõæäóåõãú ÈöÓöíãóÇåõãú æóßóÇäõæÇ ãöäú Ãóåúáö ÇáúÚöÒøóÉö æóÇáúßöÈúÑöíóÇÁö.
æóãóÚúäóì ÌóãúÚõßõãú íóÍúÊóãóáõ Ãóäú íóßõæäó ÌóãúÚó ÇáäøóÇÓö¡ Ãóíú ãóÇ ÃóÛúäóÊú Úóäúßõãú ßóËúÑóÊõßõãõ ÇáøóÊöí ÊóÚúÊóÒøõæäó ÈöåóÇ¡ æóíóÍúÊóãöáõ Ãóäú íõÑóÇÏó ãöäó ÇáúÌóãúÚö ÇáúãóÕúÏóÑõ ÈöãóÚúäóì ÇÓúãö ÇáúãóÝúÚõæáö. Ãóíú ãóÇ ÌóãóÚúÊõãõæåõ ãöäó ÇáúãóÇáö æóÇáËøóÑúæóÉö ßóÞóæúáöåö ÊóÚóÇáóì: ãóÇ ÃóÛúäì Úóäøöí ãÇáöíóåú [ÇáÍÇÞÉ: 28] .(8-È/145)
æó (ãóÇ) ÇáúÃõæáóì äóÇÝöíóÉñ¡ æóãóÚúäóì ãóÇ ÃóÛúäì ãóÇ ÃóÌúÒóì ãóÕúÏóÑõåõ ÇáúÛóäóÇÁõ- ÈöÝóÊúÍö ÇáúÛóíúäö æóÈöÇáúãóÏøö-.
æóÇáúÎóÈóÑõ ãõÓúÊóÚúãóáñ Ýöí ÇáÔøóãóÇÊóÉö æóÇáÊøóæúÞöíÝö Úóáóì ÇáúÎóØóÃö.
æó (ãóÇ) ÇáËøóÇäöíóÉõ ãóÕúÏóÑöíøóÉñ¡ Ãóíú æóÇÓúÊößúÈóÇÑõßõãõ ÇáøóÐöí ãóÖóì Ýöí ÇáÏøõäúíóÇ¡ æóæóÌúåõ ÕóæúÛöåö ÈöÕöíÛóÉö ÇáúÝöÚúáö Ïõæäó ÇáúãóÕúÏóÑö ÅöÐú áóãú íóÞõáú ÇÓúÊößúÈóÇÑõßõãú áöíóÊóæóÓøóáó ÈöÇáúÝöÚúáö Åöáóì ßóæúäöåö ãõÖóÇÑöÚðÇ ÝóíõÝöíÏõ Ãóäøó ÇáöÇÓúÊößúÈóÇÑó ßóÇäó ÏóÃúÈóåõãú áóÇ íóÝúÊóÑõæäó Úóäúåõ.
æóÌõãúáóÉõ ÃóåÄõáÇÁö ÇáøóÐöíäó ÃóÞúÓóãúÊõãú áóÇ íóäÇáõåõãõ Çááøóåõ ÈöÑóÍúãóÉò ãöäú ßóáóÇãö ÃóÕúÍóÇÈö ÇáúÃóÚúÑóÇÝö.
æóÇáöÇÓúÊöÝúåóÇãõ Ýöí Þóæúáöåö ÃóåÄõáÇÁö ÇáøóÐöíäó ÃóÞúÓóãúÊõãú ãõÓúÊóÚúãóáñ Ýöí ÇáÊøóÞúÑöíÑö.
æóÇáúÅöÔóÇÑóÉõ Èö ÃóåÄõáÇÁö Åöáóì Þóæúãò ãöäú Ãóåúáö ÇáúÌóäøóÉö ßóÇäõæÇ ãõÓúÊóÖúÚóÝöíäó Ýöí ÇáÏøõäúíóÇ æóãõÍóÞøóÑöíäó ÚöäúÏó ÇáúãõÔúÑößöíäó ÈöÞóÑöíäóÉö Þóæúáöåö: ÇáøóÐöíäó ÃóÞúÓóãúÊõãú áóÇ íóäÇáõåõãõ Çááøóåõ ÈöÑóÍúãóÉò- æóÞóæúáöåö- ÇÏúÎõáõæÇ ÇáúÌóäøóÉó ÞóÇáó ÇáúãõÝóÓøöÑõæäó åóÄõáóÇÁö ãöËúáõ ÓóáúãóÇäó¡ æóÈöáóÇáò¡ æóÎóÈøóÇÈò¡ æóÕõåóíúÈò ãöäú ÖõÚóÝóÇÁö ÇáúãõÄúãöäöíäó¡ ÝóÅöãøóÇ Ãóäú íóßõæäõæÇ ÍöíäóÆöÐò ÞóÏö ÇÓúÊóÞóÑøõæÇ Ýöí ÇáúÌóäøóÉö ÝóÌóáøóÇåõãú Çááøóåõ áöÃóåúáö ÇáúÃóÚúÑóÇÝö æóáöáÑøöÌóÇáö ÇáøóÐöíäó ÎóÇØóÈõæåõãú¡ æóÅöãøóÇ Ãóäú íóßõæäó Ðóáößó ÇáúÍöæóÇÑõ ÞóÏú æóÞóÚó ÞóÈúáó ÅöÏúÎóÇáöåöãõ ÇáúÌóäøóÉó. æóÞóÓóãõåõãú Úóáóíúåöãú áöÅöÙúåóÇÑö ÊóÕóáøõÈöåöãú Ýöí ÇÚúÊöÞóÇÏöåöãú æóÃóäøóåõãú áóÇ íõÎóÇãöÑõåõãú Ôóßøñ Ýöí Ðóáößó ßóÞóæúáöåö ÊóÚóÇáóì: æóÃóÞúÓóãõæÇ ÈöÇááøóåö ÌóåúÏó ÃóíúãÇäöåöãú áóÇ íóÈúÚóËõ Çááøóåõ ãóäú íóãõæÊõ [ÇáäøóÍúá: 38] .
æóÞóæúáõåõ: áóÇ íóäÇáõåõãõ Çááøóåõ ÈöÑóÍúãóÉò åõæó ÇáúÞÓã Úóáóíúåö¡ æóÞóÏú ÓóáøóØõæÇ ÇáäøóÝúíó Ýöí ßóáóÇãöåöãú Úóáóì ãõÑóÇÚóÇÉö äóÝúíö ßóáóÇãò íóÞõæáõåõ ÇáÑøóÓõæáõ Úóáóíúåö ÇáÕøóáóÇÉõ æóÇáÓøóáóÇãõ Ãóæö ÇáúãõÄúãöäõæäó¡ æóÐóáößó Ãóäøó ÈöÔóÇÑóÇÊö ÇáúÞõÑúÂäö ÃõæáóÆößó ÇáÖøõÚóÝóÇÁó¡ æóæóÚúÏóåõ ÅöíøóÇåõãú ÈöÇáúÌóäøóÉö¡ æóËóäóÇÁóåõ Úóáóíúåöãú äóÒóáó ãóäúÒöáóÉó ßóáóÇãò íóÞõæáõ: Åöäøó Çááøóåó íóäóÇáõåõãú ÈöÑóÍúãóÉò¡ Ãóíú ÈöÃóäú ÌóÚóáó ÅöíæóÇÁó Çááøóåö ÅöíøóÇåõãú ÈöÏóÇÑö ÑóÍúãóÊöåö¡ Ãóíö ÇáúÌóäøóÉö¡ ÈöãóäúÒöáóÉö Çáäøóíúáö æóåõæó ÍõÕõæáõ ÇáúÃóãúÑö ÇáúãóÍúÈõæÈö ÇáúãóÈúÍõæËö Úóäúåõ ßóãóÇ ÊóÞóÏøóãó Ýöí Þóæúáöåö: ÃõæáÆößó íóäÇáõåõãú äóÕöíÈõåõãú ãöäó
ÇáúßöÊÇÈö
[ÇáúÃóÚúÑóÇÝ: 37] ÂäöÝðÇ¡ ÝóÃóØúáóÞó Úóáóì Ðóáößó ÇáúÅöíæóÇÁö ÝöÚúáó (íóäóÇáõ) Úóáóì ÓóÈöíáö ÇáöÇÓúÊöÚóÇÑóÉö.(8-È/146)
æóäóÇÏóì ÃóÕúÍóÇÈõ ÇáäøóÇÑö ÃóÕúÍóÇÈó ÇáúÌóäøóÉö Ãóäú ÃóÝöíÖõæÇ ÚóáóíúäóÇ ãöäó ÇáúãóÇÁö Ãóæú ãöãøóÇ ÑóÒóÞóßõãõ Çááøóåõ ÞóÇáõæÇ Åöäøó Çááøóåó ÍóÑøóãóåõãóÇ Úóáóì ÇáúßóÇÝöÑöíäó (50) ÇáøóÐöíäó ÇÊøóÎóÐõæÇ Ïöíäóåõãú áóåúæðÇ æóáóÚöÈðÇ æóÛóÑøóÊúåõãõ ÇáúÍóíóÇÉõ ÇáÏøõäúíóÇ ÝóÇáúíóæúãó äóäúÓóÇåõãú ßóãóÇ äóÓõæÇ áöÞóÇÁó íóæúãöåöãú åóÐóÇ æóãóÇ ßóÇäõæÇ ÈöÂíóÇÊöäóÇ íóÌúÍóÏõæäó (51)
æóÌõÚöáóÊö ÇáÑøóÍúãóÉõ ÈöãóäúÒöáóÉö ÇáúÂáóÉö áöáäøóíúáö ßóãóÇ íõÞóÇáõ: äóÇáó ÇáËøóãóÑóÉó ÈöãöÍúÌóäò. ÝóÇáúÈóÇÁõ áöáúÂáóÉö. Ãóæú ÌõÚöáóÊö ÇáÑøóÍúãóÉõ ãõáóÇÈóÓóÉð áöáäøóíúáö ÝóÇáúÈóÇÁõ áöáúãõáóÇÈóÓóÉö. æóÇáäøóíúáõ åõäóÇ ÇÓúÊöÚóÇÑóÉñ¡ æóÞóÏú ÚóãóÏõæÇ Åöáóì åóÐóÇ ÇáúßóáóÇãö ÇáúãõÞóÏøóÑö ÝóäóÝóæúåõ ÝóÞóÇáõæÇ: áóÇ íóäÇáõåõãõ Çááøóåõ ÈöÑóÍúãóÉò.
æóåóÐóÇ ÇáäøÙã ÇáøóÐíä Íõßöíó Èöåö ÞóÓóãõåõãú íõÄúÐöäõ ÈöÊóåóßøõãöåöãú ÈöÖõÚóÝóÇÁö ÇáúãõÄúãöäöíäó Ýöí ÇáÏøõäúíóÇ¡ æóÞóÏú ÃóÛúÝóáó ÇáúãõÝóÓøöÑõæäó ÊóÝúÓöíÑó åóÐöåö ÇáúÂíóÉö ÈöÍóÓóÈö äóÙúãöåóÇ.
æóÌõãúáóÉõ: ÇÏúÎõáõæÇ ÇáúÌóäøóÉó Þöíáó ãóÞõæáõ Þóæúáò ãóÍúÐõæÝò ÇÎúÊöÕóÇÑðÇ áöÏóáóÇáóÉö ÇáÓøöíóÇÞö Úóáóíúåö¡ æóÍóÐúÝõ ÇáúÞóæúáö Ýöí ãöËúáöåö ßóËöíÑñ æóáóÇ ÓöíøóãóÇ ÅöÐóÇ ßóÇäó ÇáúãóÞõæáõ ÌõãúáóÉð ÅöäúÔóÇÆöíøóÉð¡ æóÇáÊøóÞúÏöíÑõ: ÞóÇáó áóåõãõ Çááøóåõ ÇÏúÎõáõæÇ ÇáúÌóäøóÉó ÝóßóÐøóÈó Çááøóåõ ÞóÓóãóßõãú æóÎóíøóÈó Ùóäøóßõãú¡ æóåóÐóÇ ßõáøõåõ ãöäú ßóáóÇãö ÃóÕúÍóÇÈö ÇáúÃóÚúÑóÇÝö¡ æóÇáúÃóÙúåóÑõ Ãóäú íóßõæäó ÇáúÃóãúÑõ Ýöí Þóæúáöåö: ÇÏúÎõáõæÇ ÇáúÌóäøóÉó áöáÏøõÚóÇÁö áöÃóäøó ÇáúãõÔóÇÑó Åöáóíúåöãú ÈöåóÄõáóÇÁö åõãú ÃõäóÇÓñ ãöäú Ãóåúáö ÇáúÌóäøóÉö¡ áöÃóäøó Ðóáößó ÇáúÍöíäó ÞóÏö ÇÓúÊóÞóÑøó Ýöíåö Ãóåúáõ ÇáúÌóäøóÉö Ýöí ÇáúÌóäøóÉö æóÃóåúáõ ÇáäøóÇÑö Ýöí ÇáäøóÇÑö¡ ßóãóÇ ÊóÞúÊóÖöíåö ÇáúÂíóÇÊõ ÇáÓøóÇÈöÞóÉõ ãöäú Þóæúáöåö: æóäÇÏóæúÇ ÃóÕúÍÇÈó ÇáúÌóäøóÉö Ãóäú ÓóáÇãñ Úóáóíúßõãú- Åöáóì Þóæúáöåö- ÇáúÞóæúãö ÇáÙøóÇáöãöíäó [ÇáúÃóÚúÑóÇÝ: 46¡ 47] ÝóáöÐóáößó íóÊóÚóíøóäõ ÌóÚúáõ ÇáúÃóãúÑö áöáÏøõÚóÇÁö ßóãóÇ Ýöí Þóæúáö ÇáúãóÚóÑøöíøö:
ÇÈúÞó Ýöí äöÚúãóÉò ÈóÞóÇÁ ÇáÏøåæÑ ... äóÇÝöÐÇ áÍßã Ýöí ÌóãöíÚö ÇáúÃõãõæÑö
æóÅöÐú ÞóÏú ßóÇäó ÇáÏøõÎõæáõ ÍóÇÕöáðÇ ÝóÇáÏøõÚóÇÁõ Èöåö áöÅöÑóÇÏóÉö ÇáÏøóæóÇãö ßóãóÇ íóÞõæáõ ÇáÏøóÇÚöí Úóáóì ÇáúÎóÇÑöÌö: ÇÎúÑõÌú ÛóíúÑó ãóÃúÓõæÝò Úóáóíúßó¡ æóãöäúåõ Þóæúáõåõ ÊóÚóÇáóì: æóÞÇáó ÇÏúÎõáõæÇ ãöÕúÑó Åöäú ÔÇÁó Çááøóåõ Âãöäöíäó.
æóÑõÝöÚó ÎóæúÝñ ãóÚó (áóÇ) áöÃóäøó ÃóÓúãóÇÁó ÃóÌúäóÇÓö ÇáúãóÚóÇäöí ÇáøóÊöí áóíúÓóÊú áóåóÇ ÃóÝúÑóÇÏñ Ýöí ÇáúÎóÇÑöÌö íóÓúÊóæöí Ýöí äóÝúíöåóÇ ÈöáóÇ ÇáÑøóÝúÚõ æóÇáúÝóÊúÍõ¡ ßóãóÇ ÊóÞóÏøóãó ÚöäúÏó Þóæúáöåö ÊóÚóÇáóì: Ýóãóäö ÇÊøóÞì æóÃóÕúáóÍó ÝóáÇ ÎóæúÝñ Úóáóíúåöãú æóáÇ åõãú íóÍúÒóäõæäó [ÇáúÃóÚúÑóÇÝ: 35] .
[50¡ 51]
[ÓõæÑóÉ ÇáúÃóÚúÑóÇÝ (7) : ÇáúÂíóÇÊ 50 Çáì 51]
æóäÇÏì ÃóÕúÍÇÈõ ÇáäøóÇÑö ÃóÕúÍÇÈó ÇáúÌóäøóÉö Ãóäú ÃóÝöíÖõæÇ ÚóáóíúäÇ ãöäó ÇáúãÇÁö Ãóæú ãöãøóÇ ÑóÒóÞóßõãõ Çááøóåõ ÞÇáõæÇ Åöäøó Çááøóåó ÍóÑøóãóåõãÇ Úóáóì ÇáúßÇÝöÑöíäó (50) ÇáøóÐöíäó ÇÊøóÎóÐõæÇ Ïöíäóåõãú áóåúæÇð æóáóÚöÈÇð æóÛóÑøóÊúåõãõ ÇáúÍóíÇÉõ ÇáÏøõäúíÇ ÝóÇáúíóæúãó äóäúÓÇåõãú ßóãÇ äóÓõæÇ áöÞÇÁó íóæúãöåöãú åóÐóÇ æóãÇ ßÇäõæÇ ÈöÂíÇÊöäÇ íóÌúÍóÏõæäó (51)
æóäÇÏì ÃóÕúÍÇÈõ ÇáäøóÇÑö ÃóÕúÍÇÈó ÇáúÌóäøóÉö Ãóäú ÃóÝöíÖõæÇ ÚóáóíúäÇ ãöäó ÇáúãÇÁö Ãóæú ãöãøóÇ ÑóÒóÞóßõãõ Çááøóåõ ÞÇáõæÇ Åöäøó Çááøóåó ÍóÑøóãóåõãÇ Úóáóì ÇáúßÇÝöÑöíäó (50) ÇáøóÐöíäó ÇÊøóÎóÐõæÇ Ïöíäóåõãú áóåúæÇð æóáóÚöÈÇð æóÛóÑøóÊúåõãõ ÇáúÍóíÇÉõ ÇáÏøõäúíÇ.(8-È/147)
ÇáúÞóæúáõ Ýöí äóÇÏóì æóÝöí Ãóäú ÇáÊøóÝúÓöíÑöíøóÉö ßóÇáúÞóæúáö Ýöí: æóäÇÏì ÃóÕúÍÇÈõ ÇáúÌóäøóÉö ÃóÕúÍÇÈó ÇáäøóÇÑö Ãóäú ÞóÏú æóÌóÏúäÇ [ÇáúÃóÚúÑóÇÝ: 44] ÇáúÂíóÉó. æóÃóÕúÍóÇÈõ ÇáäøóÇÑö ãõÑóÇÏñ Èöåöãú ãóäú ßóÇäó ãöäú ãõÔúÑößöí ÃõãøóÉö ÇáÏøóÚúæóÉö áöÃóäøóåõãõ ÇáúãóÞúÕõæÏõ ßóãóÇ ÊóÞóÏøóãó¡ æóáöíõæóÇÝöÞó Þóæúáóåõ ÈóÚúÏõ æóáóÞóÏú ÌöÆúäÇåõãú ÈößöÊÇÈò ÝóÕøóáúäÇåõ [ÇáúÃóÚúÑóÇÝ: 52] .
ÝöÚúáõ ÇáúÝóíúÖö ÍóÞöíÞóÊõåõ ÓóíóáóÇäõ ÇáúãóÇÁö æóÇäúÕöÈóÇÈõåõ ÈöÞõæøóÉò æóíõÓúÊóÚúãóáõ ãóÌóÇÒðÇ Ýöí ÇáúßóËúÑóÉö¡ æóãöäúåõ ãóÇ
Ýöí ÇáúÍóÏöíËö: «æóíóÝöíÖõ ÇáúãóÇáõ ÍóÊøóì áóÇ íóÞúÈóáóåõ ÃóÍóÏñ»
. æóíóÌöíÁõ ãöäúåõ ãóÌóÇÒñ Ýöí ÇáÓøóÎóÇÁö æóæóÝúÑóÉö ÇáúÚóØóÇÁö¡ æóãöäúåõ ãóÇ
Ýöí ÇáúÍóÏöíËö Ãóäøóåõ ÞóÇáó áöØóáúÍóÉó: «ÃóäúÊó ÇáúÝóíøóÇÖõ»
. ÝóÇáúÝóíúÖõ Ýöí ÇáúÂíóÉö ÅöÐóÇ Íõãöáó Úóáóì ÍóÞöíÞóÊöåö ßóÇäó ÃóÕúÍóÇÈõ ÇáäøóÇÑö ØóÇáöÈöíäó ãöäú ÃóÕúÍóÇÈö ÇáúÌóäøóÉö Ãóäú íóÕõÈøõæÇ Úóáóíúåöãú ãóÇÁð áöíóÔúÑóÈõæÇ ãöäúåõ¡ æóÚóáóì åóÐóÇ ÇáúãóÚúäóì Íóãóáóåõ ÇáúãõÝóÓøöÑõæäó¡ æóáöÃóÌúáö Ðóáößó ÌóÚóáó ÇáÒøóãóÎúÔóÑöíøõ ÚóØúÝó ãöãøóÇ ÑóÒóÞóßõãõ Çááøóåõ ÚóØúÝðÇ Úóáóì ÇáúÌõãúáóÉö áóÇ Úóáóì ÇáúãõÝúÑóÏö. ÝóíõÞóÏøóÑõ ÚóÇãöáñ ÈóÚúÏó ÍóÑúÝö ÇáúÚóØúÝö íõäóÇÓöÈõ ãóÇ ÚóÏóÇ ÇáúãóÇÁó ÊóÞúÏöíÑõåõ: Ãóæú ÃóÚúØõæäóÇ¡ æóäóÙøóÑóåõ ÈöÞóæúáö ÇáÔøóÇÚöÑö (ÃóäúÔóÏóåõ ÇáúÝóÑøóÇÁõ) :
ÚóáóÝúÊõåóÇ ÊöÈúäðÇ æóãóÇÁð ÈóÇÑöÏðÇ ... ÍóÊøóì ÔóÈøóÊú åóãøóÇáóÉð ÚóíúäóÇåóÇ
ÊóÞúÏöíÑõåõ: ÚóáóÝúÊõåóÇ æóÓóÞóíúÊõåóÇ ãóÇÁð ÈóÇÑöÏðÇ¡ æóÚóáóì åóÐóÇ ÇáúæóÌúåö Êóßõæäõ (ãöäú) ÈöãóÚúäóì ÈóÚúÖò¡ Ãóæú ÕöÝóÉð áöãóæúÕõæÝò ãóÍúÐõæÝò ÊóÞúÏöíÑõåõ: ÔóíúÆðÇ ãöäó ÇáúãóÇÁö¡ áöÃóäøó: ÃóÝöíÖõæÇ íóÊóÚóÏøóì ÈöäóÝúÓöåö.
æóíóÌõæÒõ ÚöäúÏöí Ãóäú íõÍúãóáó ÇáúÝóíúÖõ Úóáóì ÇáúãóÚúäóì ÇáúãóÌóÇÒöíøö¡ æóåõæó ÓöÚóÉõ ÇáúÚóØóÇÁö æóÇáÓøóÎóÇÁö¡ ãöäó ÇáúãóÇÁö æóÇáÑøöÒúÞö¡ ÅöÐú áóíúÓó ãóÚúäóì ÇáÕøóÈøö ÈöãõäóÇÓöÈò Èóáö ÇáúãóÞúÕõæÏõ ÇáúÅöÑúÓóÇáõ æóÇáÊøóÝóÖøõáõ¡ æóíóßõæäõ ÇáúÚóØúÝõ ÚóØúÝó ãõÝúÑóÏò Úóáóì ãõÝúÑóÏò æóåõæó ÃóÕúáõ ÇáúÚóØúÝö. æóíóßõæäõ ÓõÄúáõåõãú ãöäó ÇáØøóÚóÇãö ãõãóÇËöáðÇ áöÓõÄúáöåöãú ãöäó ÇáúãóÇÁö Ýöí ÇáúßóËúÑóÉö¡ Ýóíóßõæäõ Ýöí åóÐóÇ ÇáúÍóãúáö(8-È/148)
ÊóÚúÑöíÖñ ÈöÃóäøó ÃóÕúÍóÇÈó ÇáúÌóäøóÉö Ãóåúáõ ÓóÎóÇÁò¡ æóÊóßõæäõ (ãöäú) Úóáóì åóÐóÇ ÇáúæóÌúåö ÈóíóÇäöíøóÉð áöãóÚúäóì ÇáúÅöÝóÇÖóÉö¡ æóíóßõæäõ ÝöÚúáõ ÃóÝöíÖõæÇ ãõäóÒøóáðÇ ãóäúÒöáóÉó ÇááøóÇÒöãö¡ ÝóÊóÊóÚóáøóÞõ ãöäú ÈöÝöÚúáö ÃóÝöíÖõæÇ.
æóÇáÑøöÒúÞõ ãõÑóÇÏñ Èöåö ÇáØøóÚóÇãõ ßóãóÇ Ýöí Þóæúáöåö ÊóÚóÇáóì: ßõáøóãÇ ÑõÒöÞõæÇ ãöäúåÇ ãöäú ËóãóÑóÉò [ÇáúÈóÞóÑóÉ: 25] ÇáúÂíóÉó.
æóÖóãöíÑõ ÞÇáõæÇ áöÃóÕúÍóÇÈö ÇáúÌóäøóÉö¡ æóåõæó ÌóæóÇÈõåõãú Úóäú ÓõÄóÇáö ÃóÕúÍóÇÈö ÇáäøóÇÑö¡ æóáöÐóáößó ÝóÕóáó Úóáóì ØóÑöíÞóÉö ÇáúãõÍóÇæóÑóÉö.
æóÇáÊøóÍúÑöíãõ Ýöí Þóæúáöåö: ÍóÑøóãóåõãÇ Úóáóì ÇáúßÇÝöÑöíäó ãõÓúÊóÚúãóáñ Ýöí ãóÚúäóÇåõ ÇááøõÛóæöíøö æóåõæó ÇáúãóäúÚõ ßóÞóæúáö ÚóäúÊóÑóÉó:
ÍóÑõãóÊú Úóáóíøó æóáóíúÊóåóÇ áóãú ÊóÍúÑõãö æóÞóæúáöåö: æóÍóÑÇãñ Úóáì ÞóÑúíóÉò ÃóåúáóßúäÇåÇ Ãóäøóåõãú áóÇ íóÑúÌöÚõæäó [ÇáúÃóäúÈöíóÇÁ: 95] .
æóÇáúãõÑóÇÏõ ÈöÇáúßóÇÝöÑöíäó ÇáúãõÔúÑößõæäó¡ áöÃóäøóåõãú ÞóÏú ÚõÑöÝõæÇ Ýöí ÇáúÞõÑúÂäö ÈöÃóäøóåõãõ ÇÊøóÎóÐõæÇ Ïöíäóåõãú áóåúæðÇ æóáóÚöÈðÇ¡ æóÚõÑöÝõæÇ ÈöÅöäúßóÇÑö áöÞóÇÁö íóæúãö ÇáúÍóÔúÑö.
æóÞóÏú ÊóÞóÏøóãó ÇáúÞóæúáõ Ýöí ãóÚúäóì ÇÊøóÎóÐõæÇ Ïöíäóåõãú áóåúæðÇ æóáóÚöÈðÇ æóÛóÑøóÊúåõãõ ÇáúÍóíóÇÉõ ÇáÏøõäúíóÇ ÚöäúÏó Þóæúáöåö ÊóÚóÇáóì: æóÐóÑö ÇáøóÐöíäó ÇÊøóÎóÐõæÇ Ïöíäóåõãú áóÚöÈÇð æóáóåúæÇð æóÛóÑøóÊúåõãõ ÇáúÍóíÇÉõ ÇáÏøõäúíÇ Ýöí ÓõæÑóÉö ÇáúÃóäúÚóÇãö [70] .
æóÙóÇåöÑõ ÇáäøóÙúãö Ãóäøó Þóæúáóåõ: ÇáøóÐöíäó ÇÊøóÎóÐõæÇ Ïöíäóåõãú- Åöáóì Þóæúáöåö- ÇáúÍóíÇÉõ ÇáÏøõäúíÇ åõæó ãöäú ÍößóÇíóÉö ßóáóÇãö Ãóåúáö ÇáúÌóäøóÉö¡ Ýóíóßõæäõ: ÇÊøóÎóÐõæÇ Ïöíäóåõãú áóåúæÇð ÅöáóÎú ÕöÝóÉð áöáúßóÇÝöÑöíäó.
æóÌóæøóÒó Ãóäú íóßõæäó: ÇáøóÐöíäó ÇÊøóÎóÐõæÇ Ïöíäóåõãú áóåúæÇð ãõÈúÊóÏóÃð Úóáóì Ãóäøóåõ ãöäú ßóáóÇãö Çááøóåö ÊóÚóÇáóì¡ æóåõæó íõÝúÖöí Åöáóì ÌóÚúáö ÇáúÝóÇÁö Ýöí Þóæúáöåö: ÝóÇáúíóæúãó äóäúÓÇåõãú ÏóÇÎöáóÉð Úóáóì ÎóÈóÑö ÇáúãõÈúÊóÏóÅö áöÊóÔúÈöíåö ÇÓúãö ÇáúãóæúÕõæáö ÈöÃóÓúãóÇÁö ÇáÔøóÑúØö¡ ßóÞóæúáöåö ÊóÚóÇáóì:(8-È/149)
æóÇááøóÐóÇäö íóÃúÊöíÇäöåÇ ãöäúßõãú ÝóÂÐõæåõãÇ [ÇáäøöÓóÇÁ: 16] æóÞóÏú ÌõÚöáó Þóæúáõåõ: ÇáøóÐöíäó ÇÊøóÎóÐõæÇ Ïöíäóåõãú áóåúæÇð æóáóÚöÈÇð- Åöáóì Þóæúáöåö- æóãÇ ßÇäõæÇ ÈöÂíÇÊöäÇ íóÌúÍóÏõæäó ÂíóÉð æóÇÍöÏóÉð Ýöí ÊóÑúÞöíãö ÃóÚúÏóÇÏö Âíö ÇáúãóÕóÇÍöÝö æóáóíúÓó ÈöãõÊóÚóíøöäò.
ÝóÇáúíóæúãó äóäúÓÇåõãú ßóãÇ äóÓõæÇ áöÞÇÁó íóæúãöåöãú åóÐóÇ æóãÇ ßÇäõæÇ ÈöÂíÇÊöäÇ íóÌúÍóÏõæäó.
ÇÚúÊöÑóÇÖñ Íõßöíó Èöåö ßóáóÇãñ íõÚúáóäõ Èöåö¡ ãöäú ÌóÇäöÈò Çááøóåö ÊóÚóÇáóì¡ íóÓúãóÚõåõ ÇáúÝóÑöíÞóÇäö. æóÊóÛúíöíÑõ ÃõÓúáõæÈö ÇáúßóáóÇãö åõæó ÇáúÞóÑöíäóÉõ Úóáóì ÇÎúÊöáóÇÝö ÇáúãõÊóßóáøöãö¡ æóåóÐóÇ ÇáúÃóáúíóÞõ ÈöãóÇ ÑóÌøóÍúäóÇåõ ãöäú ÌóÚúáö Þóæúáöåö:
ÇáøóÐöíäó ÇÊøóÎóÐõæÇ Ïöíäóåõãú áóåúæÇð æóáóÚöÈÇð Åöáóì ÂÎöÑöåö ÍößóÇíóÉð áößóáóÇãö ÃóÕúÍóÇÈö ÇáúÌóäøóÉö.
æóÇáúÝóÇÁõ áöáÊøóÝúÑöíÚö Úóáóì Þóæúáö ÃóÕúÍóÇÈö ÇáúÌóäøóÉö: Åöäøó Çááøóåó ÍóÑøóãóåõãÇ Úóáóì ÇáúßÇÝöÑöíäó ÇáøóÐöíäó ÇÊøóÎóÐõæÇ Ïöíäóåõãú áóåúæÇð æóáóÚöÈÇð ÇáúÂíóÉó¡ æóåóÐóÇ ÇáúÚóØúÝõ ÈöÇáúÝóÇÁö ãöäú ÞóÈöíáö ãóÇ íõÓóãøóì ÈöÚóØúÝö ÇáÊøóáúÞöíäö ÇáúãõãóËøóáö áóåõ ÛóÇáöÈðÇ ÈöãóÚúØõæÝò ÈöÇáúæóÇæö Ýóåõæó ÚóØúÝõ ßóáóÇãö. ãõÊóßóáøöãò Úóáóì ßóáóÇãö ãõÊóßóáøöãò ÂÎóÑó¡ æóÊóÞúÏöíÑõ ÇáúßóáóÇãö: ÞóÇáó Çááøóåõ ÝóÇáúíóæúãó äóäúÓÇåõãú¡ ÝóÍóÐóÝó ÝöÚúáó ÇáúÞóæúáö¡ æóåóÐóÇ ÊóÕúÏöíÞñ áöÃóÕúÍóÇÈö ÇáúÌóäøóÉö¡ æóãóäú ÌóÚóáõæÇ Þóæúáóåõ: ÇáøóÐöíäó ÇÊøóÎóÐõæÇ Ïöíäóåõãú áóåúæÇð æóáóÚöÈÇð ßóáóÇãðÇ ãõÓúÊóÃúäóÝðÇ ãöäú ÞöÈóáö Çááøóåö ÊóÚóÇáóì Êóßõæäõ
ÇáúÝóÇÁõ ÚöäúÏóåõãú ÊóÝúÑöíÚðÇ Ýöí ßóáóÇãò æóÇÍöÏò.
æóÇáäøöÓúíóÇäõ Ýöí ÇáúãóæúÖöÚóíúäö ãõÓúÊóÚúãóáñ ãóÌóÇÒðÇ Ýöí ÇáúÅöåúãóÇáö æóÇáÊøóÑúßö áöÃóäøóåõ ãöäú áóæóÇÒöãö ÇáäøöÓúíóÇäö¡ ÝóÅöäøóåõãú áóãú íóßõæäõæÇ Ýöí ÇáÏøõäúíóÇ äóÇÓöíäó áöÞóÇÁó íóæúãö ÇáúÞöíóÇãóÉö¡ ÝóÞóÏú ßóÇäõæÇ íóÐúßõÑõæäóåõ æóíóÊóÍóÏøóËõæäó Úóäúåõ ÍóÏöíËó ãóäú áóÇ íõÕóÏøöÞõ ÈöæõÞõæÚöåö.
æóÊóÚúáöíÞõ ÇáÙøóÑúÝö ÈöÝöÚúáö: äóäúÓÇåõãú áöÅöÙúåóÇÑö Ãóäøó ÍöÑúãóÇäóåõãú ãöäó ÇáÑøóÍúãóÉö ßóÇäó Ýöí ÃóÔóÏøö ÃóæúÞóÇÊö ÇÍúÊöíóÇÌöåöãú ÅöáóíúåóÇ. ÝóßóÇäó áöÐößúÑö Çáúíóæúãö ÃóËóÑñ Ýöí ÅöËóÇÑóÉö ÊóÍóÓøõÑöåöãú æóäóÏóÇãóÊöåöãú¡ æóÐóáößó ÚóÐóÇÈñ äóÝúÓóÇäöíøñ.(8-È/150)
æóáóÞóÏú ÌöÆúäóÇåõãú ÈößöÊóÇÈò ÝóÕøóáúäóÇåõ Úóáóì Úöáúãò åõÏðì æóÑóÍúãóÉð áöÞóæúãò íõÄúãöäõæäó (52)
æóÏóáøó ãóÚúäóì ßóÇÝö ÇáÊøóÔúÈöíåö Ýöí Þóæúáöåö: ßóãÇ äóÓõæÇ Úóáóì Ãóäøó ÍöÑúãóÇäóåõãú ãöäú ÑóÍúãóÉö Çááøóåö ßóÇäó ãõãóÇËöáðÇ áöÅöåúãóÇáöåöãõ ÇáÊøóÕúÏöíÞó ÈöÇááøöÞóÇÁö¡ æóåöíó ãõãóÇËóáóÉõ ÌóÒóÇÁö ÇáúÚóãóáö áöáúÚóãóáö¡ æóåöíó ãõãóÇËóáóÉñ ÇÚúÊöÈóÇÑöíøóÉñ¡ ÝóáöÐóáößó íõÞóÇáõ: Åöäøó ÇáúßóÇÝó Ýöí ãöËúáöåö áöáÊøóÚúáöíáö¡ ßóãóÇ Ýöí Þóæúáöåö ÊóÚóÇáóì: æóÇÐúßõÑõæåõ ßóãÇ åóÏÇßõãú [ÇáúÈóÞóÑóÉ: 198] æóÅöäøóãóÇ ÇáÊøóÚúáöíáõ ãóÚúäðì íóÊóæóáøóÏõ ãöäö ÇÓúÊöÚúãóÇáö ÇáúßóÇÝö Ýöí ÇáÊøóÔúÈöíåö ÇáöÇÚúÊöÈóÇÑöíøö¡ æóáóíúÓó åóÐóÇ ÇáÊøóÔúÈöíåõ ÈöãóÌóÇÒò¡ æóáóßöäøóåõ ÍóÞöíÞóÉñ ÎóÝöíøóÉñ áöÎóÝóÇÁö æóÌúåö ÇáÔøóÈóåö.
æóÞóæúáõåõ: ßóãÇ äóÓõæÇ ÙóÑúÝñ ãõÓúÊóÞöÑøñ Ýöí ãóæúÖöÚö ÇáÕøöÝóÉö áöãóæúÕõæÝò ãóÍúÐõæÝò Ïóáøó Úóáóíúåö äóäúÓÇåõãú Ãóíú äöÓúíóÇäðÇ ßóãóÇ äóÓõæÇ.
æó (ãóÇ) Ýöí: ßóãÇ äóÓõæÇ æóÝöí æóãÇ ßÇäõæÇ ãóÕúÏóÑöíøóÉñ Ãóíú ßóäöÓúíóÇäöåöãõ ÇááøöÞóÇÁó æóßóÌóÍúÏöåöãú ÈöÂíóÇÊö Çááøóåö. æóãóÚúäóì ÌóÍúÏö ÇáúÂíóÇÊö ÊóÞóÏøóãó ÚöäúÏó Þóæúáöåö ÊóÚóÇáóì: æóáßöäøó ÇáÙøóÇáöãöíäó ÈöÂíÇÊö Çááøóåö íóÌúÍóÏõæäó Ýöí ÓõæÑóÉ ÇáúÃóäúÚóÇã [33] .
[52]
[ÓõæÑóÉ ÇáúÃóÚúÑóÇÝ (7) : ÂíóÉ 52]
æóáóÞóÏú ÌöÆúäÇåõãú ÈößöÊÇÈò ÝóÕøóáúäÇåõ Úóáì Úöáúãò åõÏìð æóÑóÍúãóÉð áöÞóæúãò íõÄúãöäõæäó (52)
ÇáúæóÇæõ Ýöí æóáóÞóÏú ÌöÆúäÇåõãú ÚóÇØöÝóÉñ åóÐöåö ÇáúÌõãúáóÉó Úóáóì ÌõãúáóÉö æóäÇÏì ÃóÕúÍÇÈõ ÇáäøóÇÑö ÃóÕúÍÇÈó ÇáúÌóäøóÉö [ÇáúÃóÚúÑóÇÝ: 50] ¡ ÚóØúÝó ÇáúÞöÕøóÉö Úóáóì ÇáúÞöÕøóÉö¡ æóÇáúÛóÑóÖö Úóáóì ÇáúÛóÑóÖö¡ Ýóåõæó ßóáóÇãñ ÃóäöÝñ ÇäúÊõÞöáó Èöåö ãöäú ÛóÑóÖö ÇáúÎóÈóÑö Úóäú ÍóÇáö ÇáúãõÔúÑößöíäó Ýöí ÇáúÂÎöÑóÉö Åöáóì ÛóÑóÖö æóÕúÝö ÃóÍúæóÇáöåöãú Ýöí ÇáÏøõäúíóÇ¡ ÇáúãõÓúÊóæúÌöÈöíäó ÈöåóÇ áöãóÇ ÓóíõáóÇÞõæäóåõ Ýöí ÇáúÂÎöÑóÉö¡ æóáóíúÓó åõæó ãöäó ÇáúßóáóÇãö ÇáøóÐöí ÚóÞøóÈó Çááøóåõ Èöåö ßóáóÇãó ÃóÕúÍóÇÈö ÇáúÌóäøóÉö Ýöí Þóæúáöåö: ÝóÇáúíóæúãó äóäúÓÇåõãú ßóãÇ äóÓõæÇ áöÞÇÁó íóæúãöåöãú åóÐóÇ [ÇáúÃóÚúÑóÇÝ: 51] áöÃóäøó Þóæúáóåõ åõäóÇ åóáú íóäúÙõÑõæäó ÅöáøóÇ ÊóÃúæöíáóåõ [ÇáúÃóÚúÑóÇÝ: 53] ÅöáóÎú¡ íóÞúÊóÖöí Ãóäøóåõ ÍóÏöíËñ Úóäú ÅöÚúÑóÇÖöåöãú Úóäö ÇáúÞõÑúÂäö Ýöí ÇáÏøõäúíóÇ¡ ÝóÖóãöíÑõ ÇáúÛóÇÆöÈöíäó Ýöí Þóæúáöåö: ÌöÆúäÇåõãú ÚóÇÆöÏñ Åöáóì ÇáøóÐöíäó ßóÐøóÈõæÇ Ýöí Þóæúáöåö: Åöäøó ÇáøóÐöíäó ßóÐøóÈõæÇ ÈöÂíÇÊöäÇ æóÇÓúÊóßúÈóÑõæÇ ÚóäúåÇ áóÇ ÊõÝóÊøóÍõ áóåõãú ÃóÈúæÇÈõ ÇáÓøóãÇÁö
[ÇáúÃóÚúÑóÇÝ: 40] ÇáúÂíóÉó.
æóÇáúãõÑóÇÏõ ÈöÇáúßöÊóÇÈö ÇáúÞõÑúÂäõ.(8-È/151)
æóÇáúÈóÇÁõ Ýöí Þóæúáöåö: ÈößöÊÇÈò áöÊóÚúÏöíóÉö ÝöÚúáö ÌöÆúäÇåõãú¡ ãöËúáõ ÇáúÈóÇÁö Ýöí Þóæúáöåö: ÐóåóÈó Çááøóåõ ÈöäõæÑöåöãú [ÇáúÈóÞóÑóÉ: 17] ÝóãóÚúäóÇåõ: ÃóÌóÃúäóÇåõãú ßöÊóÇÈðÇ¡ Ãóí ÌóÚóáúäóÇåõ ÌóÇÁó íóÇ ÅíøóÇåõã¡ ÝíÄæá Åöáóì ãóÚúäóì ÃóÈúáóÛúäóÇåõãú ÅöíøóÇåõ æóÃóÑúÓóáúäóÇåõ Åöáóíúåöãú.
æóÊóÃúßöíÏõ åóÐóÇ ÇáúÝöÚúáö ÈáÇã ÇáúÞÓã æ (ÞÏ) ÅöãøóÇ ÈöÇÚúÊöÈóÇÑö ÕöÝóÉö (ßöÊóÇÈò) ¡ æóåöíó ÌõãúáóÉõ ÝóÕøóáúäÇåõ Úóáì Úöáúãò åõÏìð æóÑóÍúãóÉð Ýóíóßõæäõ ÇáÊøóÃúßöíÏõ ÌóÇÑöíðÇ Úóáóì ãõÞúÊóÖóì ÇáÙøóÇåöÑö¡ áöÃóäøó ÇáúãõÔúÑößöíäó íõäúßöÑõæäó Ãóäú íóßõæäó ÇáúÞõÑúÂäõ ãóæúÕõæÝðÇ ÈöÊöáúßó ÇáúÃóæúÕóÇÝö¡ æóÅöãøóÇ ÊóÃúßöíÏñ áöÝöÚúáö ÌöÆúäÇåõãú ÈößöÊÇÈò æóåõæó ÈõáõæÛõ ÇáúßöÊóÇÈö Åöáóíúåöãú Ýóíóßõæäõ ÇáÊøóÃúßöíÏõ ÎóÇÑöÌðÇ Úóáóì ÎöáóÇÝö ãõÞúÊóÖóì ÇáÙøóÇåöÑö¡ ÈöÊóäúÒöíáö ÇáúãõÈóáøóÛö Åöáóíúåöãú ãóäúÒöáóÉó ãóäú íõäúßöÑõ ÈõáõæÛó ÇáúßöÊóÇÈö Åöáóíúåöãú¡ áöÃóäøóåõãú Ýöí ÅöÚúÑóÇÖöåöãú Úóäö ÇáäøóÙóÑö æóÇáÊøóÏóÈøõÑö Ýöí ÔóÃúäöåö ÈöãóäúÒöáóÉö ãóäú áóãú íóÈúáõÛúåõ ÇáúßöÊóÇÈõ¡ æóÞóÏú íõäóÇÓöÈõ åóÐóÇ ÇáöÇÚúÊöÈóÇÑõ ÙóÇåöÑó Þóæúáöåö ÈóÚúÏõ: íóÞõæáõ ÇáøóÐöíäó äóÓõæåõ ãöäú ÞóÈúáõ ÞóÏú ÌÇÁóÊú ÑõÓõáõ ÑóÈøöäÇ ÈöÇáúÍóÞøö [ÇáúÃóÚúÑóÇÝ: 53] .
æóÊóäúßöíÑõ (ßöÊóÇÈò) ¡ æóåõæó ãóÚúÑõæÝñ¡ ÞõÕöÏó Èöåö ÊóÚúÙöíãõ ÇáúßöÊóÇÈö¡ Ãóæú ÞõÕöÏó Èöåö ÇáäøóæúÚöíøóÉõ¡ Ãóíú ãóÇ åõæó ÅöáøóÇ ßöÊóÇÈñ ßóÇáúßõÊõÈö ÇáøóÊöí ÃõäúÒöáóÊú ãöäú ÞóÈúáõ¡ ßóãóÇ ÊóÞóÏøóãó Ýöí Þóæúáöåö ÊóÚóÇáóì: ßöÊÇÈñ ÃõäúÒöáó Åöáóíúßó Ýöí ØóÇáöÚö åóÐöåö ÇáÓøõæÑóÉö [2] .
æÝóÕøóáúäÇåõ Ãóíú ÈóíøóäóÇåõ Ãóíú ÈóíøóäøóÇ ãóÇ Ýöíåö¡ æóÇáÊøóÝúÕöíáõ ÊóÞóÏøóãó ÚöäúÏó Þóæúáöåö ÊóÚóÇáóì: æóßóÐáößó äõÝóÕøöáõ ÇáúÂíÇÊö æóáöÊóÓúÊóÈöíäó ÓóÈöíáõ ÇáúãõÌúÑöãöíäó Ýöí ÓõæÑóÉö ÇáúÃóäúÚóÇãö [55] .
æÚóáì Úöáúãò ÙóÑúÝñ ãõÓúÊóÞöÑøñ Ýöí ãóæúÖöÚö ÇáúÍóÇáö ãöäú ÝóÇÚöáö ÝóÕøóáúäÇåõ Ãóíú ÍóÇáó ßóæúäöäóÇ Úáì Úáã¡ æ (Úóáóì) áöáöÇÓúÊöÚúáóÇÁö ÇáúãóÌóÇÒöíøö¡ ÊóÏõáøõ Úóáóì ÇáÊøóãóßøõäö ãöäú ãóÌúÑõæÑöåóÇ¡ ßóãóÇ Ýöí Þóæúáöåö:
ÃõæáÆößó Úóáì åõÏìð ãöäú ÑóÈøöåöãú [ÇáúÈóÞóÑóÉ: 5] æóÞóæúáöåö: Þõáú Åöäøöí Úóáì ÈóíøöäóÉò ãöäú ÑóÈøöí Ýöí ÓõæÑóÉö ÇáúÃóäúÚóÇãö [57] . æóãóÚúäóì åóÐóÇ ÇáÊøóãóßøõäö Ãóäøó Úöáúãó Çááøóåö ÊóÚóÇáóì ÐóÇÊöíøñ áóÇ íóÚúÒõÈõ Úóäúåõ ÔóíúÁñ ãöäó ÇáúãóÚúáõæãóÇÊö.
æóÊóäúßöíÑõ Úöáúãò áöáÊøóÚúÙöíãö¡ Ãóíú ÚóÇáöãöíäó ÃóÚúÙóãó ÇáúÚöáúãö¡ æóÇáúÚóÙóãóÉõ åõäóÇ ÑóÇÌöÚóÉñ Åöáóì ßóãóÇáö ÇáúÌöäúÓö Ýöí ÍóÞöíÞóÊöåö¡ æóÃóÚúÙóãõ ÇáúÚöáúãö åõæó ÇáúÚöáúãõ ÇáøóÐöí áóÇ íóÍúÊóãöáõ ÇáúÎóØóÃó(8-È/152)
åóáú íóäúÙõÑõæäó ÅöáøóÇ ÊóÃúæöíáóåõ íóæúãó íóÃúÊöí ÊóÃúæöíáõåõ íóÞõæáõ ÇáøóÐöíäó äóÓõæåõ ãöäú ÞóÈúáõ ÞóÏú ÌóÇÁóÊú ÑõÓõáõ ÑóÈøöäóÇ ÈöÇáúÍóÞøö Ýóåóáú áóäóÇ ãöäú ÔõÝóÚóÇÁó ÝóíóÔúÝóÚõæÇ áóäóÇ Ãóæú äõÑóÏøõ ÝóäóÚúãóáó ÛóíúÑó ÇáøóÐöí ßõäøóÇ äóÚúãóáõ ÞóÏú ÎóÓöÑõæÇ ÃóäúÝõÓóåõãú æóÖóáøó Úóäúåõãú ãóÇ ßóÇäõæÇ íóÝúÊóÑõæäó (53)
æóáóÇ ÇáúÎóÝóÇÁó Ãóíú ÚóÇáöãöíäó ÚöáúãðÇ ÐóÇÊöíøðÇ áóÇ íóÊóÎóáøóÝõ ÚóäøóÇ æóáóÇ íóÎúÊóáöÝõ Ýöí ÐóÇÊöåö¡ Ãóíú áóÇ íóÍúÊóãöáõ ÇáúÎóØóÃó æóáóÇ ÇáÊøóÑóÏøõÏó.
æåõÏìð æóÑóÍúãóÉð ÍóÇá ãä ÈößöÊÇÈò. Ãóæú ãöäú ÖóãöíÑöåö Ýöí Þóæúáöåö: ÝóÕøóáúäÇåõ. æóæóÕúÝõ ÇáúßöÊóÇÈö ÈöÇáúãóÕúÏóÑóíúäó åõÏìð æóÑóÍúãóÉð ÅöÔóÇÑóÉñ Åöáóì ÞõæøóÉö åóÏúíöåö ÇáäøóÇÓó æóÌóáúÈö ÇáÑøóÍúãóÉö áóåõãú.
æóÌõãúáóÉõ åõÏìð æóÑóÍúãóÉð áöÞóæúãò íõÄúãöäõæäó ÅöÔóÇÑóÉñ Åöáóì Ãóäøó ÇáúãõÄúãöäöíäó åõãõ ÇáøóÐöíäó ÊóæóÕøóáõæÇ áöáöÇåúÊöÏóÇÁö Èöåö æóÇáÑøóÍúãóÉö. æóÃóäøó ãóäú áóãú íõÄúãöäõæÇ ÞóÏú ÍõÑöãõæÇ ÇáöÇåúÊöÏóÇÁó æóÇáÑøóÍúãóÉó. æóåóÐóÇ ßóÞóæúáöåö ÊóÚóÇáóì Ýöí ÓõæÑóÉö ÇáúÈóÞóÑóÉö [2] : åõÏìð áöáúãõÊøóÞöíäó.
[53]
[ÓõæÑóÉ ÇáúÃóÚúÑóÇÝ (7) : ÂíóÉ 53]
åóáú íóäúÙõÑõæäó ÅöáÇøó ÊóÃúæöíáóåõ íóæúãó íóÃúÊöí ÊóÃúæöíáõåõ íóÞõæáõ ÇáøóÐöíäó äóÓõæåõ ãöäú ÞóÈúáõ ÞóÏú ÌÇÁóÊú ÑõÓõáõ ÑóÈøöäÇ ÈöÇáúÍóÞøö Ýóåóáú áóäÇ ãöäú ÔõÝóÚÇÁó ÝóíóÔúÝóÚõæÇ áóäÇ Ãóæú äõÑóÏøõ ÝóäóÚúãóáó ÛóíúÑó ÇáøóÐöí ßõäøóÇ äóÚúãóáõ ÞóÏú ÎóÓöÑõæÇ ÃóäúÝõÓóåõãú æóÖóáøó Úóäúåõãú ãóÇ ßÇäõæÇ íóÝúÊóÑõæäó (53)
ÌõãúáóÉõ åóáú íóäúÙõÑõæäó ÅöáøóÇ ÊóÃúæöíáóåõ ãÓÊÃäÝÉ ÇÓÊíäÇÝÇ ÈóíóÇäöíøðÇ¡ áöÃóäøó Þóæúáóåõ: æóáóÞóÏú ÌöÆúäÇåõãú ÈößöÊÇÈò ÝóÕøóáúäÇåõ Úóáì Úöáúãò åõÏìð æóÑóÍúãóÉð áöÞóæúãò íõÄúãöäõæäó íõËöíÑõ ÓõÄóÇáó ãóäú íóÓúÃóáõ: ÝóãóÇÐóÇ íõÄóÎøöÑõåõãú Úóäö ÇáÊøóÕúÏöíÞö ÈöåóÐóÇ ÇáúßöÊóÇÈö ÇáúãóæúÕõæÝö ÈöÊöáúßó ÇáÕøöÝóÇÊö¿ æóåóáú ÃóÚúÙóãõ ãöäúåõ ÂíóÉð Úóáóì ÕÏÞ ÇáÑøÓæá Õóáøóì Çááåõ Úóáóíúåö æóÓóáøóãó¿ ÝóßóÇäó Þóæúáõåõ: åóáú íóäúÙõÑõæäó ßóÇáúÌóæóÇÈö Úóäú åóÐóÇ ÇáÓøõÄóÇáö¡ ÇáøóÐöí íóÌöíÔõ Ýöí äóÝúÓö ÇáÓøóÇãöÚö. æóÇáöÇÓúÊöÝúåóÇãõ ÅöäúßóÇÑöíøñ æóáöÐóáößó ÌóÇÁó ÈóÚúÏóåõ ÇáöÇÓúÊöËúäóÇÁõ.
æóãóÚúäóì íóäúÙõÑõæäó íóäúÊóÙöÑõæäó ãöäó ÇáäøóÙúÑóÉö ÈöãóÚúäóì ÇáöÇäúÊöÙóÇÑö¡ æóÇáöÇÓúÊöËúäóÇÁõ ãöäú Úõãõæãö ÇáúÃóÔúíóÇÁö ÇáúãõäúÊóÙóÑóÇÊö¡ æóÇáúãõÑóÇÏõ ÇáúãõäúÊóÙóÑóÇÊõ ãöäú åóÐóÇ ÇáäøóæúÚö æóåõæó ÇáúÂíóÇÊõ¡ Ãóíú(8-È/153)
ãóÇ íóäúÊóÙöÑõæäó ÂíóÉð ÃóÚúÙóãó ÅöáøóÇ ÊóÃúæöíáó ÇáúßöÊóÇÈö¡ Ãóíú ÅöáøóÇ ÙõåõæÑó ãóÇ ÊóæóÚøóÏóåõãú Èöåö¡ æóÅöØúáóÇÞõ ÇáöÇäúÊöÙóÇÑö åõäóÇ ÇÓúÊöÚóÇÑóÉñ ÊóåóßøõãöíøóÉñ: ÔóÈøóåõ ÍóÇáó Êóãóåøõáöåöãú Åöáóì ÇáúæóÞúÊö ÇáøóÐöí ÓóíóÍöáøõ Úóáóíúåöãú Ýöíåö ãóÇ ÃóæúÚóÏóåõãú Èöåö ÇáúÞõÑúÂäõ ÈöÍóÇáö ÇáúãõäúÊóÙöÑöíäó¡ æóåõãú áóíúÓõæÇ ÈöãõäúÊóÙöÑöíäó Ðóáößó ÅöÐú åõãú ÌóÇÍöÏõæäó æõÞõæÚóåõ¡ æóåóÐóÇ ãöËúáõ Þóæúáöåö ÊóÚóÇáóì: Ýóåóáú íóäúÙõÑõæäó ÅöáøóÇ ÇáÓøóÇÚóÉó Ãóäú ÊóÃúÊöíóåõãú ÈóÛúÊóÉð [ãõÍóãøóÏ: 18]- æóÞóæúáöåö- Ýóåóáú íóäúÊóÙöÑõæäó ÅöáøóÇ ãöËúáó ÃóíøóÇãö ÇáøóÐöíäó ÎóáóæúÇ ãöäú ÞóÈúáöåöãú [íõæäõÓ: 102] æóÇáöÇÓúÊöËúäóÇÁõ Úóáóì ÍóÞöíÞóÊöåö æóáóíúÓó ãöäú ÊóÃúßöíÏö ÇáÔøóíúÁö ÈöãóÇ íõÔúÈöåõ ÖöÏøóåõ áöÃóäøó ÇáúãóÌóÇÒó Ýöí ÝöÚúáö íóäúÙõÑõæäó ÝóÞóØú.
æóÇáúÞóÕúÑõ ÅöÖóÇÝöíøñ¡ Ãóíú ÈöÇáäøöÓúÈóÉö Åöáóì ÛóíúÑö Ðóáößó ãöäú ÃóÛúÑóÇÖö äöÓúíóÇäöåöãú æóÌõÍõæÏöåöãú ÈöÇáúÂíóÇÊö¡ æóÞóÏú ãóÖóì ÇáúÞóæúáõ Ýöí äóÙöíÑö åóÐóÇ ÇáÊøóÑúßöíÈö ÚöäúÏó Þóæúáöåö ÊóÚóÇáóì: åóáú íóäúÙõÑõæäó ÅöáøóÇ Ãóäú ÊóÃúÊöíóåõãõ ÇáúãóáÇÆößóÉõ Ãóæú íóÃúÊöíó ÑóÈøõßó Ãóæú íóÃúÊöíó ÈóÚúÖõ ÂíÇÊö ÑóÈøößó Ýöí ÓõæÑóÉö ÇáúÃóäúÚóÇãö [158] .
æóÇáÊøóÃúæöíáõ ÊóæúÖöíÍõ æóÊóÝúÓöíÑõ ãóÇ ÎóÝöíó¡ ãöäú ãóÞúÕöÏö ßóáóÇãò Ãóæú ÝöÚúáò¡ æóÊóÍúÞöíÞõåõ¡ ÞóÇáó ÊóÚóÇáóì:
ÓóÃõäóÈøöÆõßó ÈöÊóÃúæöíáö ãóÇ áóãú ÊóÓúÊóØöÚú Úóáóíúåö ÕóÈúÑÇð [ÇáúßóåúÝ: 78] æóÞóÇáó: åóÐóÇ ÊóÃúæöíáõ ÑõÁúíÇíó ãöäú ÞóÈúáõ [íõæÓõÝ: 100] æóÞóÇáó: Ðáößó ÎóíúÑñ æóÃóÍúÓóäõ ÊóÃúæöíáðÇ [ÇáäøöÓóÇÁ: 59] æóÞóÏú ÊóÞóÏøóãó ÇÔúÊöÞóÇÞõåõ æóãóÚúäóÇåõ Ýöí ÇáúãõÞóÏøöãóÉö ÇáúÃõæáóì ãöäú ãõÞóÏøöãóÇÊö åóÐóÇ ÇáÊøóÝúÓöíÑö. æóÖóãöíÑõ ÊóÃúæöíáóåõ ÚóÇÆöÏñ Åöáóì (ßöÊóÇÈò) ãöäú
Þóæúáöåö: æóáóÞóÏú ÌöÆúäÇåõãú ÈößöÊÇÈò ÝóÕøóáúäÇåõ Úóáì Úöáúãò [ÇáúÃóÚúÑóÇÝ: 52] .
æóÊóÃúæöíáõåõ æõÖõæÍõ ãóÚúäóì ãóÇ ÚóÏøõæåõ ãõÍóÇáðÇ æóßóÐöÈðÇ¡ ãöäó ÇáúÈóÚúËö æóÇáúÌóÒóÇÁö æóÑöÓóÇáóÉö ÑóÓõæáò ãöäó Çááøóåö ÊóÚóÇáóì æóæóÍúÏóÇäöíøóÉö ÇáúÅöáóåö æóÇáúÚöÞóÇÈö¡ ÝóÐóáößó ÊóÃúæöíáõ ãóÇ ÌóÇÁó Èöåö ÇáúßöÊóÇÈõ Ãóíú ÊóÍúÞöíÞõåõ æóæõÖõæÍõåõ ÈöÇáúãõÔóÇåóÏóÉö¡ æóãóÇ ÈóÚúÏó ÇáúÚóíóÇäö ÈóíóÇäñ.
æóÞóÏú ÈóíøóäóÊúåõ ÌõãúáóÉõ íóæúãó íóÃúÊöí ÊóÃúæöíáõåõ íóÞõæáõ ÅöáóÎú¡ ÝóáöÐóáößó ÝóÕøóáóÊú¡ áöÃóäøóåóÇ ÊóÊóäóÒøóáõ ãöäó ÇáøóÊöí ÞóÈúáóåóÇ ãóäúÒöáóÉó ÇáúÈóíóÇäö áöáúãõÑóÇÏö ãöäú ÊóÃúæöíáöåö¡ æóåõæó ÇáÊøóÃúæöíáõ ÇáøóÐöí ÓóíóÙúåóÑõ íóæúãó ÇáúÞöíóÇãóÉö¡ ÝóÇáúãõÑóÇÏõ ÈöÇáúíóæúãö íóæúãõ ÇáúÞöíóÇãóÉö¡ ÈöÏóáöíáö ÊóÚóáøõÞöåö ÈõÞõæáöåö: íóÞõæáõ ÇáøóÐöíäó äóÓõæåõ ãöäú ÞóÈúáõ ÇáúÂíóÉó ÝóÅöäøóåõãú áóÇ íóÚúáóãõæäó Ðóáößó æóáóÇ íóÞõæáõæäóåõ ÅöáøóÇ íóæúãó ÇáúÞöíóÇãóÉö.(8-È/154)
æóÅöÊúíóÇäõ ÊóÃúæöíáöåö ãóÌóÇÒñ Ýöí ÙõåõæÑöåö æóÊóÈóíøõäöåö ÈöÚóáóÇÞóÉö áõÒõæãö Ðóáößó áöáúÅöÊúíóÇäö.
æóÇáÊøóÃúæöíáõ ãõÑóÇÏñ Èöåö ãóÇ Èöåö ÙõåõæÑõ ÇáúÃóÔúíóÇÁö ÇáÏøóÇáøóÉö Úóáóì ÕöÏúÞö ÇáúÞõÑúÂäö. ÝöíãóÇ ÃóÎúÈóÑóåõãú æóãóÇ ÊóæóÚøóÏóåõãú.
æÇáøóÐöíäó äóÓõæåõ åõãõ ÇáúãõÔúÑößõæäó¡ æóåõãú ãõÚóÇÏõ ÖóãöíÑö íóäúÙõÑõæäó ÝóßóÇäó ãõÞúÊóÖóì ÇáÙøóÇåöÑö Ãóäú íõÞóÇáó: íóÞõæáõæäó¡ ÅöáøóÇ Ãóäøóåõ ÃõÙúåöÑó ÈöÇáúãóæúÕõæáöíøóÉö áöÞóÕúÏö ÇáÊøóÓúÌöíáö Úóáóíúåöãú ÈöÃóäøóåõãú äóÓõæåõ æóÃóÚúÑóÖõæÇ Úóäúåõ æóÃóäúßóÑõæåõ¡ ÊóÓúÌöíáðÇ ãõÑóÇÏðÇ Èöåö ÇáÊøóäúÈöíåõ Úóáóì ÎóØóÆöåöãú æóÇáäøóÚúíõ Úóáóíúåöãú ÈöÃóäøóåõãú íóÌõÑøõæäó ÈöÅöÚúÑóÇÖöåöãú ÓõæÁó ÇáúÚóÇÞöÈóÉö áöÃóäúÝõÓöåöãú.
æóÇáäøöÓúíóÇäõ ãõÓúÊóÚúãóáñ Ýöí ÇáúÅöÚúÑóÇÖö æóÇáÕøóÏøö¡ ßóãóÇ ÊóÞóÏøóãó Ýöí Þóæúáöåö: ßóãÇ äóÓõæÇ áöÞÇÁó íóæúãöåöãú åóÐóÇ [ÇáúÃóÚúÑóÇÝ: 51] .
æóÇáúãõÖóÇÝõ Åöáóíúåö ÇáúãõÞóÏøóÑõ ÇáúãõäúÈöÆõ Úóäúåõ ÈöäóÇÁõ (ÞóÈúáõ) Úóáóì ÇáÖøóãøö: åõæó ÇáÊøóÃúæöíáõ¡ Ãóæö Çáúíóæúãõ¡ Ãóíú ãöäú ÞóÈúáö ÊóÃúæöíáöåö¡ Ãóæú ãöäú ÞóÈúáö Ðóáößó Çáúíóæúãö¡ Ãóíú Ýöí ÇáÏøõäúíóÇ. æóÇáúÞóæúáõ åõäóÇ ßöäóÇíóÉñ Úóäö ÇáúÚöáúãö æóÇáöÇÚúÊöÞóÇÏö¡ áöÃóäøó ÇáúÃóÕúáó Ýöí ÇáúÃóÎúÈóÇÑö ãõØóÇÈóÞóÊõåóÇ áöÇÚúÊöÞóÇÏö ÇáúãõÎúÈöÑö¡ Ãóíú íóÊóÈóíøóäõ áóåõãõ ÇáúÍóÞøó æóíõÕóÑøöÍõæäó Èöåö.
æóåóÐóÇ ÇáúÞóæúáõ íóÞõæáõåõ ÈóÚúÖõåõãú áöÈóÚúÖò ÇÚúÊöÑóÇÝðÇ ÈöÎóØóÆöåöãú Ýöí ÊßÐíÈåã ÇáÑøÓæá Õóáøóì Çááåõ Úóáóíúåö æóÓóáøóãó æóãóÇ ÃóÎúÈóÑó Èöåö Úóäö ÇáÑøõÓõáö ãöäú ÞóÈúáöåö¡ æóáöÐóáößó ÌóãóÚó ÇáÑøõÓõáó åõäóÇ¡ ãóÚó Ãóäøó ÇáúÍóÏöíËó Úóäö ÇáãßÐøÈíä ãÍãøÏÇ Õóáøóì Çááåõ Úóáóíúåö æóÓóáøóãó¡ æóÐóáößó áöÃóäøó ÑóÓõæá Çááå Õóáøóì Çááåõ Úóáóíúåö æóÓóáøóãó ÖóÑóÈó áóåõãõ ÇáúÃóãúËóÇáó ÈöÇáÑøõÓõáö ÇáÓøóÇÈöÞöíäó¡ æóåõãú áóãøóÇ ßóÐøóÈõæåõ ÌóÑøóÃóåõãú ÊóßúÐöíÈõåõ Úóáóì ÅöäúßóÇÑö ÈöÚúËóÉö ÇáÑøõÓõáö ÅöÐú ÞóÇáõæÇ ãóÇ ÃóäúÒóáó Çááøóåõ Úóáì ÈóÔóÑò ãöäú ÔóíúÁò [ÇáúÃóäúÚóÇã: 91] Ãóæú áöÃóäøóåõãú ãõÔóÇåöÏõæäó íóæúãóÆöÐò ãóÇ åõæó ÚöÞóÇÈõ ÇáúÃõãóãö ÇáÓøóÇÈöÞóÉö Úóáóì ÊóßúÐöíÈö ÑõÓõáöåöãú¡ ÝóíóÕúÏõÑõ Úóäúåõãú Ðóáößó ÇáúÞóæúáõ Úóäú ÊóÃóËøõÑò ÈöÌóãöíÚö ãóÇ ÔóÇåóÏõæåõ ãöäó ÇáÊøóåúÏöíÏö ÇáÔøóÇãöáö áóåõãú æóáöãóäú ÚóÏóÇåõãú ãöäó ÇáúÃõãóãö.
æóÞóæúáõåõãú: ÞóÏú ÌÇÁóÊú ÑõÓõáõ ÑóÈøöäÇ ÈöÇáúÍóÞøö ÎóÈóÑñ ãõÓúÊóÚúãóáñ Ýöí ÇáúÅöÞúÑóÇÑö ÈöÎóØóÆöåöãú Ýöí ÊóßúÐöíÈö
ÇáÑøõÓõáö¡ æóÅöäúÔóÇÁñ áöáúÍóÓúÑóÉö Úóáóì Ðóáößó¡ æóÅöÈúÏóÇÁõ ÇáúÍóíúÑóÉö ÝöíãóÇ ÐóÇ(8-È/155)
íóÕúäóÚõæäó. æóáöÐóáößó ÑóÊøóÈõæÇ Úóáóíúåö æóÝóÑøóÚõæÇ ÈöÇáúÝóÇÁö Þóæúáóåõãú: Ýóåóáú áóäÇ ãöäú ÔõÝóÚÇÁó Åöáóì ÂÎöÑöåö.
æóÇáöÇÓúÊöÝúåóÇãõ íóÌõæÒõ Ãóäú íóßõæäó ÍóÞöíÞöíøðÇ íóÞõæáõåõ ÈóÚúÖõåõãú áöÈóÚúÖò¡ áóÚóáøó ÃóÍóÏóåõãú íõÑúÔöÏõåõãú Åöáóì ãõÎóáøöÕò áóåõãú ãöäú Êöáúßó ÇáúæóÑúØóÉö¡ æóåóÐóÇ ÇáúÞóæúáõ íóÞõæáõæäóåõ Ýöí ÇÈúÊöÏóÇÁö ÑõÄúíóÉö ãóÇ íõåóÏøöÏõåõãú ÞóÈúáó Ãóäú íõæÞöäõæÇ ÈöÇäúÊöÝóÇÁö ÇáÔøõÝóÚóÇÁö ÇáúãóÍúßöíøö Úóäúåõãú Ýöí Þóæúáöåö ÊóÚóÇáóì: ÝóãÇ áóäÇ ãöäú ÔÇÝöÚöíäó æóáÇ ÕóÏöíÞò Íóãöíãò [ÇáÔøõÚóÑóÇÁ: 100¡ 101] æóíóÌõæÒõ Ãóäú íóßõæäó ÇáöÇÓúÊöÝúåóÇãõ ãõÓúÊóÚúãóáðÇ Ýöí ÇáÊøóãóäøöí¡ æóíóÌõæÒõ Ãóäú íóßõæäó ãõÓúÊóÚúãóáðÇ Ýöí ÇáäøóÝúíö. Úóáóì ãóÚúäóì ÇáÊøóÍóÓøõÑö æóÇáÊøóäóÏøõãö. æãöäú ÒóÇÆöÏóÉñ áöáÊøóæúßöíÏö. Úóáóì ÌóãöíÚö ÇáÊøóÞóÇÏöíÑö. ÝóÊõÝöíÏõ ÊóæúßöíÏó ÇáúÚõãõæãö Ýöí ÇáúãõÓúÊóÝúåóãö Úóäúåõ¡ áöíõÝöíÏó Ãóäøóåõãú áóÇ íóÓúÃóáõæäó Úóãøóäú Êóæóåøóãõæåõãú ÔõÝóÚóÇÁó ãöäú ÃóÕúäóÇãöåöãú¡ ÅöÐú ÞóÏú íóÆöÓõæÇ ãöäúåõãú. ßóãóÇ ÞóÇáó ÊóÚóÇáóì: æóãÇ äóÑì ãóÚóßõãú ÔõÝóÚÇÁóßõãõ ÇáøóÐöíäó ÒóÚóãúÊõãú Ãóäøóåõãú Ýöíßõãú ÔõÑóßÇÁõ [ÇáúÃóÚúÑóÇÝ: 94] Èóáú åõãú íóÊóÓóÇÁóáõæäó Úóäú Ãóíøö ÔóÝöíÚò íóÔúÝóÚõ áóåõãú. æóáóæú íóßõæäõ ÇáÑøóÓõæáó Úóáóíúåö ÇáÕøóáóÇÉõ æóÇáÓøóáóÇãõ ÇáøóÐöí äóÇÕóÈõæåõ ÇáúÚóÏóÇÁó Ýöí ÇáúÍóíóÇÉö ÇáÏøõäúíóÇ. æóäóÙöíÑõåõ Þóæúáõåõ ÊóÚóÇáóì Ýöí ÓõæÑóÉö ÇáúãõÄúãöäö [11] Ýóåóáú Åöáì ÎõÑõæÌò ãöäú ÓóÈöíáò.
æóÇäúÊóÕóÈó ÝóíóÔúÝóÚõæÇ Úóáóì ÌóæóÇÈö ÇáöÇÓúÊöÝúåóÇãö¡ Ãóæö ÇáÊøóãóäøöí¡ Ãóæö ÇáäøóÝúíö.
«æóÇáÔøõÝóÚóÇÁõ» ÌóãúÚõ ÔóÝöíÚò æóåõæó ÇáøóÐöí íóÓúÚóì ÈöÇáÔøóÝóÇÚóÉö¡ æóåõãú íõÓóãøõæäó ÃóÕúäóÇãóåõãú ÔõÝóÚóÇÁó ÞóÇáó ÊóÚóÇáóì: æóíóÞõæáõæäó åÄõáÇÁö ÔõÝóÚÇÄõäÇ ÚöäúÏó Çááøóåö [íõæäõÓ: 18] .
æóÊóÞóÏøóãó ãóÚúäóì ÇáÔøóÝóÇÚóÉö ÚöäúÏó Þóæúáöåö ÊóÚóÇáóì: æóáÇ íõÞúÈóáõ ãöäúåÇ ÔóÝÇÚóÉñ Ýöí ÓõæÑóÉö ÇáúÈóÞóÑóÉö [48] . æóÚöäúÏó Þóæúáöåö: ãöäú ÞóÈúáö Ãóäú íóÃúÊöíó íóæúãñ áóÇ ÈóíúÚñ Ýöíåö æóáÇ ÎõáøóÉñ æóáÇ ÔóÝÇÚóÉñ Ýöí ÓõæÑóÉö ÇáúÈóÞóÑóÉö [254] æóÚöäúÏó Þóæúáöåö: ãóäú íóÔúÝóÚú ÔóÝÇÚóÉð ÍóÓóäóÉð Ýöí ÓõæÑóÉö ÇáäøöÓóÇÁö [85] .
æóÚóØóÝó ÝöÚúáó äõÑóÏøõ Èö (Ãóæú) Úóáóì ãóÏúÎõæáö ÇáöÇÓúÊöÝúåóÇãö¡ Ýóíóßõæäõ ÇáöÇÓúÊöÝúåóÇãõ Úóäú ÃóÍóÏö ÇáúÃóãúÑóíúäö¡ áöÃóäøó ÃóÍóÏóåõãóÇ áóÇ íóÌúÊóãöÚõ ãóÚó ÇáúÂÎóÑö¡ ÝóÅöÐóÇ ÍóÕóáóÊö ÇáÔøóÝóÇÚóÉõ ÝóáóÇ ÍóÇÌóÉó Åöáóì ÇáÑøóÏøö¡ æóÅöÐóÇ ÍóÕóáó ÇáÑøóÏøõ ÇÓúÊõÛúäöíó Úóäö ÇáÔøóÝóÇÚóÉö.(8-È/156)
æóÅöÐú ßóÇäóÊú ÌõãúáóÉõ áóäÇ ãöäú ÔõÝóÚÇÁó æóÇÞöÚóÉð Ýöí ÍóíøöÒö ÇáöÇÓúÊöÝúåóÇãö¡ ÝóÇáøóÊöí ÚõØöÝóÊú ÚóáóíúåóÇ Êóßõæäõ æóÇÞöÚóÉð Ýöí ÍóíøöÒö ÇáöÇÓúÊöÝúåóÇãö¡ ÝóáöÐóáößó ÊóÚóíøóäó ÑóÝúÚõ ÇáúÝöÚúáö ÇáúãõÖóÇÑöÚö Ýöí ÇáúÞöÑóÇÁóÇÊö ÇáúãóÔúåõæÑóÉö¡ æóÑóÝúÚõåõ ÈöÊóÌóÑøõÏöåö Úóäú ÚóÇãöáö ÇáäøóÕúÈö æóÚóÇãöáö ÇáúÌóÒúãö¡ ÝóæóÞóÚó ãóæúÞöÚó ÇáöÇÓúãö ßóãóÇ ÞóÏøóÑóåõ ÇáÒøóãóÎúÔóÑöíøõ ÊóÈóÚðÇ áöáúÝóÑøóÇÁö¡ Ýóåõæó ãóÑúÝõæÚñ ÈöäóÝúÓöåö ãöäú ÛóíúÑö ÇÍúÊöíóÇÌò Åöáóì ÊóÃúæöíáö ÇáúÌõãúáóÉö ÇáøóÊöí ÞóÈúáóåõ¡ ÈöÑóÏøöåóÇ Åöáóì ÌõãúáóÉò
ÝöÚúáöíøóÉò¡ ÈöÊóÞúÏöíÑö: åóáú íóÔúÝóÚõ áóäóÇ ÔõÝóÚóÇÁõ ßóãóÇ ÞóÏøóÑóåõ ÇáÒøóÌøóÇÌõ¡ áöÚóÏóãö ÇáúãõáúÌöÆö Åöáóì Ðóáößó¡ æóáöÐóáößó ÇäúÊóÕóÈó: ÝóäóÚúãóáó Ýöí ÌóæóÇÈö äõÑóÏøõ ßóãóÇ ÇäúÊóÕóÈó ÝóíóÔúÝóÚõæÇ Ýöí ÌóæóÇÈö Ýóåóáú áóäÇ ãöäú ÔõÝóÚÇÁó.
æóÇáúãõÑóÇÏõ ÈöÇáúÚóãóáö Ýöí Þóæúáöåöãú: ÝóäóÚúãóáó ãóÇ íóÔúãóáõ ÇáöÇÚúÊöÞóÇÏó¡ æóåõæó ÇáúÃóåóãøõ¡ ãöËúáõ ÇÚúÊöÞóÇÏö ÇáúæóÍúÏóÇäöíøóÉö æóÇáúÈóÚúËö æóÊóÕúÏöíÞö ÇáÑøóÓõæáö Úóáóíúåö ÇáÕøóáóÇÉõ æóÇáÓøóáóÇãõ¡ áöÃóäøó ÇáöÇÚúÊöÞóÇÏó Úóãóáõ ÇáúÞóáúÈö¡ æóáöÃóäøóåõ ÊóÊóÑóÊøóÈõ Úóáóíúåö ÂËóÇÑñ ÚóãóáöíøóÉñ¡ ãöäú ÃóÞúæóÇáò æóÃóÝúÚóÇáò æóÇãúÊöËóÇáò. æóÇáúãõÑóÇÏõ ÈöÇáúÕöáóÉö Ýöí Þóæúáöåö: ÇáøóÐöí ßõäøóÇ äóÚúãóáõ ãóÇ ßóÇäõæÇ íóÚúãóáõæäóåõ ãöäú ÃõãõæÑö ÇáÏøöíäö ÈöÞóÑöíäóÉö ÓöíóÇÞö Þóæúáöåöãú: ÞóÏú ÌÇÁóÊú ÑõÓõáõ ÑóÈøöäÇ ÈöÇáúÍóÞøö Ãóíú ÝóäóÚúãóáõ ãóÇ íõÛóÇíöÑõ ãóÇ ÕóãøóãúäóÇ Úóáóíúåö ÈóÚúÏó ãóÌöíÁö ÇáÑøóÓõæáö Úóáóíúåö ÇáÕøóáóÇÉõ æóÇáÓøóáóÇãõ.
æóÌõãúáóÉõ: ÞóÏú ÎóÓöÑõæÇ ÃóäúÝõÓóåõãú ãõÓúÊóÃúäóÝóÉñ ÇÓúÊöÆúäóÇÝðÇ ÇÈúÊöÏóÇÆöíøðÇ ÊóÐúíöíáðÇ æóÎõáóÇÕóÉð áöÞöÕøóÊöåöãú¡ Ãóíú ÝóßóÇäó ÍóÇÕöáõ ÃóãúÑöåöãú Ãóäøóåõãú ÎóÓöÑõæÇ ÃóäúÝõÓóåõãú ãöäó ÇáúÂäö æóÖóáøó Úóäúåõãú ãóÇ ßóÇäõæÇ íóÝúÊóÑõæäó.
æóÇáúÎóÓóÇÑóÉõ ãõÓúÊóÚóÇÑóÉñ áöÚóÏóãö ÇáöÇäúÊöÝóÇÚö ÈöãóÇ íõÑúÌóì ãöäúåõ ÇáäøóÝúÚõ¡ æóÞóÏú ÊóÞóÏøóãó ÈóíóÇäõ Ðóáößó ÚöäúÏó Þóæúáöåö ÊóÚóÇáóì: ÇáøóÐöíäó ÎóÓöÑõæÇ ÃóäúÝõÓóåõãú Ýóåõãú áóÇ íõÄúãöäõæäó Ýöí ÓõæÑóÉö ÇáúÃóäúÚóÇãö¡ [12] æóÞóæúáöåö: ÝóÃõæáÆößó ÇáøóÐöíäó ÎóÓöÑõæÇ ÃóäúÝõÓóåõãú Ýöí Ãóæøóáö åóÐöåö ÇáÓøõæÑóÉö [9] . æóÇáúãóÚúäóì: Ãóäøó ãóÇ ÃóÞúÍóãõæÇ Ýöíåö äõÝõæÓóåõãú ãöäó ÇáÔøöÑúßö æóÇáÊøóßúÐöíÈö ÞóÏú ÊóÈóíøóäó Ãóäøóåõ ãõÝúÖò Èöåöãú Åöáóì ÊóÍóÞøõÞö ÇáúæóÚöíÏö Ýöíåöãú¡ íóæúãó íóÃúÊöí ÊóÃúæöíáõ ãóÇ ÊóæóÚøóÏóåõãú Èöåö ÇáúÞõÑúÂäõ¡ ÝóÈöÐóáößó ÊóÍóÞøóÞó Ãóäøóåõãú ÎóÓöÑõæÇ ÃóäúÝõÓóåõãú ãöäó ÇáúÂäö¡ æóÅöäú ßóÇäõæÇ áóÇ íóÔúÚõÑõæäó.(8-È/157)
Åöäøó ÑóÈøóßõãõ Çááøóåõ ÇáøóÐöí ÎóáóÞó ÇáÓøóãóÇæóÇÊö æóÇáúÃóÑúÖó Ýöí ÓöÊøóÉö ÃóíøóÇãò Ëõãøó ÇÓúÊóæóì Úóáóì ÇáúÚóÑúÔö íõÛúÔöí Çááøóíúáó ÇáäøóåóÇÑó íóØúáõÈõåõ ÍóËöíËðÇ æóÇáÔøóãúÓó æóÇáúÞóãóÑó æóÇáäøõÌõæãó ãõÓóÎøóÑóÇÊò ÈöÃóãúÑöåö ÃóáóÇ áóåõ ÇáúÎóáúÞõ æóÇáúÃóãúÑõ ÊóÈóÇÑóßó Çááøóåõ ÑóÈøõ ÇáúÚóÇáóãöíäó (54)
æóÃóãøóÇ Þóæúáõåõ: æóÖóáøó Úóäúåõãú ãóÇ ßÇäõæÇ íóÝúÊóÑõæäó ÝóÇáÖøóáóÇáõ ãõÓúÊóÚóÇÑñ áöáúÚóÏóãö ØóÑöíÞóÉõ ÇáÊøóåóßøõãö ÔóÈøóåó ÚóÏóãó ÔõÝóÚóÇÆöåöãõ ÇáúãóÒúÚõæãöíäó ÈöÖóáóÇáö ÇáúÅöÈöáö Úóäú ÃóÑúÈóÇÈöåóÇ ÊóåóßøõãðÇ Úóáóíúåöãú¡ æóåóÐóÇ ÇáÊøóåóßøõãõ ãóäúÙõæÑñ Ýöíåö Åöáóì ãõÍóÇßóÇÉö Ùóäøöåöãú íóæúãó ÇáúÞöíóÇãóÉö ÇáúãóÍúßöíøö Úóäúåõãú Ýöí Þóæúáöåö ÞóÈúáõ ÞÇáõæÇ ÖóáøõæÇ ÚóäøóÇ [ÇáúÃóÚúÑóÇÝ: 37] .
æó (ãóÇ) ãöäú Þóæúáöåö: ãóÇ ßÇäõæÇ íóÝúÊóÑõæäó ãóæúÕõæáóÉñ¡ ãóÇ ÕóÏøóÞóåóÇ ÇáÔøõÝóÚóÇÁõ ÇáøóÐöíäó ßóÇäõæÇ íóÏúÚõæäóåõãú ãöäú Ïõæäö Çááøóåö. æóÍõÐöÝó ÚóÇÆöÏõ ÇáÕøöáóÉö ÇáúãóäúÕõæÈõ¡ Ãóíú ãóÇ ßóÇäõæÇ íóÝúÊóÑõæäóåõ¡ Ãóíú íõßóÐøöÈõæäóåõ ÅöÐú íóÞõæáõæäó åÄõáÇÁö ÔõÝóÚÇÄõäÇ [íõæäõÓ: 18] ¡ æóåõãú ÌóãóÇÏñ áóÇ ÍóÙøó áóåõã Ýöí ÔÄæä ÇáúÚõÞóáóÇÁö ÍóÊøóì íóÔúÝóÚõæÇ¡ Ýóåõãú ÞóÏú ÖóáøõæÇ Úóäúåõãú ãöäó ÇáúÂäö æóáöÐóáößó ÚóÈøóÑó ÈöÇáúãõÖöíøö áöÃóäøó ÇáÖøóáóÇáó ÇáúãõÓúÊóÚóÇÑó áöáúÚóÏóãö ãõÊóÍóÞøöÞñ ãöäú ãÇÖí ÇáúÃóÒúãöäóÉ.
[54]
[ÓõæÑóÉ ÇáúÃóÚúÑóÇÝ (7) : ÂíóÉ 54]
Åöäøó ÑóÈøóßõãõ Çááøóåõ ÇáøóÐöí ÎóáóÞó ÇáÓøóãÇæÇÊö æóÇáúÃóÑúÖó Ýöí ÓöÊøóÉö ÃóíøóÇãò Ëõãøó ÇÓúÊóæì Úóáóì ÇáúÚóÑúÔö íõÛúÔöí Çááøóíúáó ÇáäøóåÇÑó íóØúáõÈõåõ ÍóËöíËÇð æóÇáÔøóãúÓó æóÇáúÞóãóÑó æóÇáäøõÌõæãó ãõÓóÎøóÑÇÊò ÈöÃóãúÑöåö ÃóáÇ áóåõ ÇáúÎóáúÞõ æóÇáúÃóãúÑõ ÊóÈÇÑóßó Çááøóåõ ÑóÈøõ ÇáúÚÇáóãöíäó (54)
ÌóÇÁóÊú ÃóÛúÑóÇÖõ åóÐöåö ÇáÓøõæÑóÉö ãõÊóäóÇÓöÈóÉð ãõÊóãóÇÓößóÉð¡ ÝóÅöäøóåóÇ ÇÈúÊõÏöÆóÊú ÈöÐößúÑö ÇáúÞõÑúÂäö æóÇáúÃóãúÑö ÈöÇÊøöÈóÇÚöåö æóäóÈúÐö ãóÇ íóÕõÏøõ Úóäúåõ æóåõæó ÇÊøöÈóÇÚõ ÇáÔøöÑúßö Ëõãøó ÇáÊøóÐúßöíÑö ÈöÇáúÃõãóãö ÇáøóÊöí ÃóÚúÑóÖóÊú Úóäú ØóÇÚóÉö ÑõÓõáö Çááøóåö¡ Ëõãøó ÇáöÇÓúÊöÏúáóÇáö Úóáóì æóÍúÏóÇäöíøóÉö Çááøóåö¡ æóÇáöÇãúÊöäóÇäö ÈöÎóáúÞö ÇáúÃóÑúÖö æóÇáÊøóãúßöíäö ãöäúåóÇ¡ æóÈöÎóáúÞö ÃóÕúáö ÇáúÈóÔóÑö æóÎóáúÞöåöãú¡ æóÎóáøóáó Ðóáößó ÈöÇáÊøóÐúßöíÑö ÈöÚóÏóÇæóÉö ÇáÔøóíúØóÇäö áöÃóÕúáö ÇáúÈóÔóÑö æóáöáúÈóÔóÑö Ýöí Þóæúáöåö: áóÃóÞúÚõÏóäøó áóåõãú ÕöÑÇØóßó ÇáúãõÓúÊóÞöíãó [ÇáúÃóÚúÑóÇÝ: 16] . æóÇäúÊóÞóáó ãöäú Ðóáößó Åöáóì ÇáÊøóäúÏöíÏö Úóáóì ÇáúãõÔúÑößöíäó ÝöíãóÇ ÇÊøóÈóÚõæÇ Ýöíåö ÊóÓúæöíáó ÇáÔøóíúØóÇäö ãöäú Þóæúáöåö: æóÅöÐÇ ÝóÚóáõæÇ ÝÇÍöÔóÉð [ÇáúÃóÚúÑóÇÝ:
28] ¡ Ëõãøó ÈöÊóÐúßöíÑöåöãú ÈöÇáúÚóåúÏö ÇáøóÐöí ÃóÎóÐóåõ Çááøóåõ Úóáóì ÇáúÈóÔóÑö Ýöí Þóæúáöåö: íóÇ Èóäöí ÂÏóãó ÅöãøóÇ íóÃúÊöíóäøóßõãú ÑõÓõáñ ãöäúßõãú [ÇáúÃóÚúÑóÇÝ: 35] ÇáúÂíóÉó.(8-È/158)
æóÈöÃóäøó ÇáúãõÔúÑößöíäó ÙóáóãõæÇ ÈöäóßúËö ÇáúÚóåúÏö ÈöÞóæúáöåö: Ýóãóäú ÃóÙúáóãõ ãöãøóäö ÇÝúÊóÑì Úóáóì Çááøóåö ßóÐöÈÇð Ãóæú ßóÐøóÈó ÈöÂíÇÊöåö [ÇáúÃóÚúÑóÇÝ: 37] æóÊóæóÚøóÏóåõãú æóÐóßøóÑóåõãú ÃóÍúæóÇáó Ãóåúáö ÇáúÂÎöÑóÉö¡ æóÚóÞöÈõ Ðóáößó ÚóÇÏó Åöáóì ÐößúÑö ÇáúÞõÑúÂäö ÈöÞóæúáöåö: æóáóÞóÏú ÌöÆúäÇåõãú ÈößöÊÇÈò ÝóÕøóáúäÇåõ Úóáì Úöáúãò [ÇáúÃóÚúÑóÇÝ: 52] æóÃóäúåóÇåõ ÈöÇáÊøóÐúíöíáö ÈöÞóæúáöåö: ÞóÏú ÎóÓöÑõæÇ ÃóäúÝõÓóåõãú æóÖóáøó Úóäúåõãú ãóÇ ßÇäõæÇ íóÝúÊóÑõæäó [ÇáúÃóÚúÑóÇÝ: 53] .
ÝóáóÇ ÌóÑóãó ÊóåóíøóÃóÊö ÇáúÃóÓúãóÇÚõ æóÇáúÞõáõæÈõ áöÊóáóÞøöí ÇáúÍõÌøóÉö Úóáóì Ãóäøó Çááøóåó Åöáóåñ æóÇÍöÏñ¡ æóÃóäøó ÂáöåóÉó ÇáúãõÔúÑößöíäó ÖóáóÇáñ æóÈóÇØöáñ¡ Ëõãøó áöÈóíóÇäö ÚóÙöíãö ÞõÏúÑóÊöåö æóãóÌúÏöåö ÝóáöÐóáößó ÇÓúÊõÄúäöÝó ÈöÌõãúáóÉö Åöäøó ÑóÈøóßõãõ Çááøóåõ ÇáúÂíóÉó¡ ÇÓúÊöÆúäóÇÝðÇ ÇÈúÊöÏóÇÆöíøðÇ ÚóÇÏó Èöåö ÇáÊøóÐúßöíÑõ Åöáóì ÕóÏúÑö ÇáÓøõæÑóÉö Ýöí Þóæúáöåö: æóáÇ ÊóÊøóÈöÚõæÇ ãöäú Ïõæäöåö ÃóæúáöíÇÁó [ÇáúÃóÚúÑóÇÝ: 3] ¡ ÝóßóÇäó ãóÇ Ýöí ÕóÏúÑö ÇáÓøõæÑóÉö ÈöãóäúÒöáóÉö ÇáúãóØúáõæÈö ÇáúãóäúØöÞöíøö¡ æóßóÇäó ãóÇ ÈóÚúÏóåõ ÈöãóäúÒöáóÉö ÇáúÈõÑúåóÇäö¡ æóßóÇäó Þóæúáõåõ: Åöäøó ÑóÈøóßõãõ Çááøóåõ ÈöãóäúÒöáóÉö ÇáäøóÊöíÌóÉö áöáúÈõÑúåóÇäö¡ æóÇáäøóÊöíÌóÉõ ãõÓóÇæöíóÉñ áöáúãóØúáõæÈö ÅöáøóÇ ÃóäøóåóÇ ÊõÄúÎóÐõ ÃóæúÖóÍó æóÃóÔóÏøó ÊóÝúÕöíáðÇ.
ÝóÇáúÎöØóÇÈõ ãõæóÌøóåñ Åöáóì ÇáúãõÔúÑößöíäó ÇÈúÊöÏóÇÁð¡ æóáöÐóáößó ßóÇäó áöáÊøóÃúßöíÏö ÈöÍóÑúÝö (Åöäøó) ãóæúÞöÚõåõ áöÑóÏøö ÅöäúßóÇÑö ÇáúãõÔúÑößöíäó ÇäúÝöÑóÇÏó Çááøóåö ÈöÇáÑøõÈõæÈöíøóÉö. æóÅöÐú ßóÇäó ãóÇ ÇÔúÊóãóáóÊú Úóáóíúåö åóÐöåö ÇáúÂíóÉõ íóÒöíÏõ ÇáúãõÓúáöãöíäó ÈóÕöíÑóÉð ÈöÚöÙóãö ãóÌúÏö Çááøóåö æóÓöÚóÉö ãõáúßöåö¡ æóíóÒöíÏõåõãú ÐößúÑóì ÈöÏóáóÇÆöáö ÞõÏúÑóÊöåö¡ ßóÇäó ÇáúÎöØóÇÈõ ÕóÇáöÍðÇ áöÊóäóÇæõáö ÇáúãõÓúáöãöíäó¡ áöÕóáóÇÍöíóÉö ÖóãöíÑö ÇáúÎöØóÇÈö áöÐóáößó¡ æóáóÇ íóßõæäõ ÍóÑúÝõ (Åöäøó) ÈöÇáäøöÓúÈóÉö Åöáóíúåöãú ÓõÏðì¡ áöÃóäøóåõ íõÝöíÏõ ÇáöÇåúÊöãóÇãó ÈöÇáúÎóÈóÑö¡ áöÃóäøó Ýöíåö ÍóÙøðÇ áöáúÝóÑöíÞóíúäö¡ æóáöÃóäøó ÈóÚúÖó ãóÇ ÇÔúÊóãóáó Úóáóíúåö (ãóÇ) åõæó ÈöÇáúãõÄúãöäöíäó ÃóÚúáóÞõ ãöËúáõ ÇÏúÚõæÇ ÑóÈøóßõãú ÊóÖóÑøõÚÇð æóÎõÝúíóÉð [ÇáúÃóÚúÑóÇÝ: 55] æóÞóæáå: Åöäøó ÑóÍúãóÊó Çááøóåö ÞóÑöíÈñ ãöäó ÇáúãõÍúÓöäöíäó [ÇáúÃóÚúÑóÇÝ: 56] æóÈóÚúÖõåõ ÈöÇáúßóÇÝöÑöíäó ÃóäúÓóÈõ ãöËúáõ Þóæúáöåö: ßóÐáößó äõÎúÑöÌõ ÇáúãóæúÊì áóÚóáøóßõãú ÊóÐóßøóÑõæäó [ÇáúÃóÚúÑóÇÝ: 57] .
æóÞóÏú ÌõÚöáó ÇáúãõÎúÈóÑõ Úóäúåõ ÇáÑøóÈøó¡ æóÇáúÎóÈóÑõ ÇÓúãó ÇáúÌóáóÇáóÉö: áöÃóäøó ÇáúãóÚúäóì Ãóäøó ÇáÑøóÈøó áóßõãõ ÇáúãóÚúáõæãõ ÚöäúÏóßõãú åõæó ÇáøóÐöí ÇÓúãõåõ ÇáÏøóÇáøõ Úóáóì ÐóÇÊöåö: Çááøóåõ¡ áóÇ ÛóíúÑõåõ ãöãøóäú áóíúÓó(8-È/159)
áóåõ åóÐóÇ ÇáöÇÓúãõ¡ Úóáóì ãóÇ åõæó ÇáÔøóÃúäõ¡ Ýóåöíó ÊóÚúÑöíÝõ ÇáúãõÓúäóÏö Ýöí äóÍúæö: ÃóäóÇ ÃóÎõæßó¡ íõÞóÇáõ áöãóäú íóÚúÑöÝõ ÇáúãõÊóßóáøöãõ æóíóÚúÑöÝõ Ãóäøó áóåõ ÃóÎðÇ æóáóÇ íóÚúÑöÝõ Ãóäøó ÇáúãõÊóßóáøöãó åõæó ÃóÎõæåõ. ÝóÇáúãóÞúÕõæÏõ ãöäú ÊóÚúÑöíÝö ÇáúãõÓúäóÏö ÅöÝóÇÏóÉõ ãóÇ íõÓóãøóì Ýöí ÇáúãóäúØöÞö ÈöÍóãúáö ÇáúãõæóÇØóÃóÉö¡ æóåõæó Íóãúáõ (åõæó åõæó) æóáöÐóáößó íõÎóíøóÑõ ÇáúãõÊóßóáøöãõ Ýöí ÌóÚúáö ÃÍÏ ÇáÌÒÃíä ãõÓúäÏ Åöáóíúåö¡ æóÌóÚúáö ÇáúÂÎóÑö ãõÓúäóÏðÇ¡ áöÃóäøó ßöáóíúåöãóÇ ãóÚúÑõæÝñ ÚöäúÏó ÇáúãõÎóÇØóÈö¡ æóÅöäøóãóÇ ÇáÔøóÃúäõ Ãóäú íóÌúÚóáó ÃóÞúæóÇåõãóÇ ãóÚúÑöÝóÉð ÚöäúÏó ÇáúãõÎóÇØóÈö åõæó ÇáúãõÓúäóÏõ Åöáóíúåö. áöíóßõæäó ÇáúÍóãúáõ ÃóÌúÏóì ÅöÝóÇÏóÉð¡ æóãöäú åóÐóÇ ÇáúÞóÈöíáö Þóæúáõ ÇáúãóÚóÑøöíøö íóÕöÝõ ÝóÇÑöÓðÇ Ýöí ÛóÇÑóÉò:
íóÎõæÖõ ÈóÍúÑðÇ äóÞúÚõåõ ãóÇÄõåõ ... íóÍúãöáõåõ ÇáÓøóÇÈöÍõ Ýöí áöÈúÏöåö
ÅöÐú ÞóÏú Úóáöãó ÇáÓøóÇãöÚõ Ãóäøó áöáúÝóÇÑöÓö ÚöäúÏó ÇáúÛóÇÑóÉö äóÞúÚðÇ. æóÚóáöãó Ãóäøó ÇáÔøóÇÚöÑó ÃóËúÈóÊó áöáúÝóÇÑöÓö ÈóÍúÑðÇ æóÃóäøó áöáúÈóÍúÑö ãóÇÁð¡ ÝóÞóÏú ÕóÇÑó ÇáäøóÞúÚõ æóÇáúÈóÍúÑõ ãóÚúáõæãóíúäö áöáÓøóÇãöÚö¡ ÝóÃóÝóÇÏóåõ Ãóäøó äóÞúÚó ÇáúÝóÇÑöÓö åõæó ãóÇÁõ ÇáúÈóÍúÑö ÇáúãóÒúÚõæãõ¡ áöÃóäøóåõ ÃóÌúÏóì áöãõäóÇÓóÈóÉö ÇÓúÊöÚóÇÑóÉö ÇáúÈóÍúÑö áöáäøóÞúÚö¡ æóÅöáøóÇ ÝóãóÇ ßóÇäó íõÚúæöÒõ ÇáúãõÚóÑøöíøó Ãóäú íóÞõæáó: ãóÇÄõåõ äóÞúÚõåõ (1) Ýóãóäö ÇäúÊóÞóÏó ÇáúÈóíúÊó ÝóÅöäøóåõ áóãú íõäúÕöÝúåõ.(8-È/160)
æóÃõßøöÏó åóÐóÇ ÇáúÎóÈóÑõ ÈöÍóÑúÝö ÇáÊøóæúßöíÏö¡ æóÅöäú ßóÇäó ÇáúãõÔúÑößõæäó íóËúÈõÊõæäó ÇáÑøõÈõæÈöíøóÉó áöáøóåö¡ æóÇáúãõÓúáöãõæäó áóÇ íóãúÊóÑõæäó Ýöí Ðóáößó¡ áöÊóäúÒöíáö ÇáúãõÔúÑößöíäó ãöäó ÇáúãõÎóÇØóÈöíäó ãóäúÒöáóÉó ãóäú íóÊóÑóÏøóÏõ Ýöí ßóæúäö Çááøóåö ÑóÈøðÇ áóåõãú áößóËúÑóÉö ÅöÚúÑóÇÖöåöãú Úóäúåõ Ýöí ÚöÈóÇÏóÇÊöåöãú æóÊóæóÌøõåóÇÊöåöãú.
æóÞóæúáõåõ: ÇáøóÐöí ÎóáóÞó ÇáÓøóãÇæÇÊö æóÇáúÃóÑúÖó ÕöÝóÉñ áöÇÓúãö ÇáúÌóáóÇáóÉö¡ æóÇáÕøöáóÉõ ãõÄúÐöäóÉñ ÈöÇáúÅöíãóÇÁö Åöáóì æóÌúåö ÈöäóÇÁö ÇáúÎóÈóÑö ÇáúãõÊóÞóÏøöãö¡ æóåõæó Åöäøó ÑóÈøóßõãõ Çááøóåõ áöÃóäøó ÎóáúÞó ÇáÓøóãóÇæóÇÊö æóÇáúÃóÑúÖö íóßúÝöíåöãú ÏóáöíáðÇ Úóáóì ÇäúÝöÑóÇÏöåö ÈöÇáúÅöáóåöíøóÉö¡ ßóãóÇ ÊóÞóÏøóãó ÚöäúÏó Þóæúáöåö ÊóÚóÇáóì: ÇáúÍóãúÏõ áöáøóåö ÇáøóÐöí ÎóáóÞó ÇáÓøóãÇæÇÊö æóÇáúÃóÑúÖó æóÌóÚóáó ÇáÙøõáõãÇÊö æóÇáäøõæÑó Ëõãøó ÇáøóÐöíäó ßóÝóÑõæÇ ÈöÑóÈøöåöãú íóÚúÏöáõæäó ÈöÓõæÑóÉö ÇáúÃóäúÚóÇãö [1] .
æóÞóæúáõåõ: Ýöí ÓöÊøóÉö ÃóíøóÇãò Ëõãøó ÇÓúÊóæì Úóáóì ÇáúÚóÑúÔö ÊóÚúáöíãñ ÈöÚóÙöíãö ÞõÏúÑóÊöåö¡ æóíóÍúÕõáõ ãöäúåõ áöáúãõÔúÑößöíäó ÒöíóÇÏóÉõ ÔõÚõæÑò ÈöÖóáóÇáöåöãú Ýöí ÊóÔúÑöíßö ÛóíúÑöåö Ýöí ÇáúÅöáóåöíøóÉö¡ ÝóáóÇ íóÏõáøõ Þóæúáõåõ: Ýöí ÓöÊøóÉö ÃóíøóÇãò Úóáóì Ãóäøó Ãóåúáó ãóßøóÉó ßóÇäõæÇ íóÚúáóãõæäó Ðóáößó¡ æóÝöíåö ÊóÍóÏøò áöÃóåúáö ÇáúßöÊóÇÈö ßóãóÇ Ýöí Þóæúáöåö ÊóÚóÇáóì:
Ãóæóáóãú íóßõäú áóåõãú ÂíóÉð Ãóäú íóÚúáóãóåõ ÚõáóãÇÁõ Èóäöí ÅöÓúÑÇÆöíáó [ÇáÔøõÚóÑóÇÁ: 197] æóáóíúÓó ÇáúÞóÕúÏõ ãöäú Þóæúáöåö:
Ýöí ÓöÊøóÉö ÃóíøóÇãò ÇáöÇÓúÊöÏúáóÇá Úáì ÇáæÇÍÏÇäíÉ¡ ÅöÐú áóÇ ÏóáóÇáóÉó Ýöíåö Úóáóì Ðóáößó.
æóÞóÏö ÇÞúÊóÖóÊú ÍößúãóÉõ Çááøóåö ÊóÚóÇáóì Ãóäú íóßõæäó ÎóáúÞõ ÇáÓøóãóÇæóÇÊö æóÇáúÃóÑúÖö ãõÏóÑøóÌðÇ¡ æóÃóäú áóÇ íóßõæäó ÏõÝúÚóÉð¡ áöÃóäøóåõ ÌóÚóáó ÇáúÚóæóÇáöãó ãõÊóæóáøöÏðÇ ÈóÚúÖõåóÇ ãöäú ÈóÚúÖò¡ áöÊóßõæäó ÃóÊúÞóäó ÕõäúÚðÇ ãöãøóÇ áóæú ÎõáöÞóÊú ÏõÝúÚóÉð¡ æóáöíóßõæäó åóÐóÇ ÇáúÎóáúÞõ ãóÙúåóÑðÇ áöÕöÝóÊóíú Úöáúãö Çááøóåö ÊóÚóÇáóì æóÞõÏúÑóÊöåö¡ ÝóÇáúÞõÏúÑóÉõ ÕóÇáöÍóÉñ áöÎóáúÞöåóÇ ÏõÝúÚóÉð¡ áóßöäøó ÇáúÚöáúãó æóÇáúÍößúãóÉó ÃóÞúÊóÖóíóÇ åóÐóÇ ÇáÊøóÏóÑøõÌó¡ æóßóÇäóÊú Êöáúßó ÇáúãõÏøóÉõ ÃóÞóáøó Òóãóäò íóÍúÕõáõ Ýöíåö ÇáúãõÑóÇÏõ ãöäó ÇáÊøóæóáøõÏö ÈöÚóÙöíãö ÇáúÞõÏúÑóÉö. æóáóÚóáøó ÊóßóÑøõÑó ÐößúÑö åóÐöåö ÇáúÃóíøóÇãö Ýöí ÂíóÇÊò ßóËöíÑóÉò áöÞóÕúÏö ÇáÊøóäúÈöíåö Åöáóì åóÐöåö ÇáäøõßúÊóÉö ÇáúÈóÏöíÚóÉö¡ ãöäú ßóæúäöåóÇ ãóÙúåóÑó ÓöÚóÉö ÇáúÚöáúãö æóÓöÚóÉö ÇáúÞõÏúÑóÉö.(8-È/161)
æóÙóÇåöÑõ ÇáúÂíóÇÊö Ãóäøó ÇáúÃóíøóÇãó åöíó ÇáúãóÚúÑõæÝóÉõ áöáäøóÇÓö¡ ÇáøóÊöí åöíó ÌóãúÚõ Çáúíóæúãö ÇáøóÐöí åõæó ãõÏøóÉñ ÊõÞóÏøóÑõ ãöäú ãóÈúÏóÅö ÙõåõæÑö ÇáÔøóãúÓö Ýöí ÇáúãóÔúÑöÞö Åöáóì ÙõåõæÑöåóÇ Ýöí Ðóáößó ÇáúãóßóÇäö ËóÇäöíóÉð¡ æóÚóáóì åóÐóÇ ÇáÊøóÝúÓöíÑö ÝóÇáÊøóÞúÏöíÑõ Ýöí ãóÇ íõãóÇËöáõ Êöáúßó ÇáúãõÏøóÉö ÓöÊøó ãóÑøóÇÊò¡ áöÃóäøó ÍóÞöíÞóÉó Çáúíóæúãö ÈöåóÐóÇ ÇáúãóÚúäóì áóãú ÊóÊóÍóÞøóÞú ÅöáøóÇ ÈóÚúÏó ÊóãóÇãö ÎóáúÞö ÇáÓøóãóÇÁö æóÇáúÃóÑúÖö¡ áöíõãúßöäó ÙõåõæÑõ äõæÑö ÇáÔøóãúÓö Úóáóì äöÕúÝö ÇáúßõÑóÉö ÇáúÃóÑúÖöíøóÉö æóÙõåõæÑõ ÇáÙøõáúãóÉö Úóáóì Ðóáößó ÇáäøöÕúÝö Åöáóì ÙõåõæÑö ÇáÔøóãúÓö ãóÑøóÉð ËóÇäöíóÉð¡ æóÞóÏú Þöíáó: Åöäøó ÇáúÃóíøóÇãó åõäóÇ ÌóãúÚõ Çáúíóæúãö ãöäú ÃóíøóÇãö Çááøóåö ÊóÚóÇáóì ÇáøóÐöí åõæó ãõÏøóÉõ ÃóáúÝö ÓóäóÉò¡ ÝóÓöÊøóÉõ ÃóíøóÇãò ÚöÈóÇÑóÉñ Úóäú ÓöÊøóÉö ÂáóÇÝò ãöäó ÇáÓøöäöíäó äóÙóÑðÇ áöÞóæúáöåö ÊóÚóÇáóì: æóÅöäøó íóæúãÇð ÚöäúÏó ÑóÈøößó ßóÃóáúÝö ÓóäóÉò ãöãøóÇ ÊóÚõÏøõæäó [ÇáúÍóÌ: 47] æóÞóæúáöåö: íõÏóÈøöÑõ ÇáúÃóãúÑó ãöäó ÇáÓøóãÇÁö Åöáóì ÇáúÃóÑúÖö Ëõãøó íóÚúÑõÌõ Åöáóíúåö Ýöí íóæúãò ßÇäó ãöÞúÏÇÑõåõ ÃóáúÝó ÓóäóÉò ãöãøóÇ ÊóÚõÏøõæäó [ÇáÓøóÌúÏóÉ: 5] ¡ æóäõÞöáó Ðóáößó Úóäú ÒóíúÏö Èúäö ÃóÑúÞóãó æóÇÎúÊóÇÑóåõ ÇáäøóÞóÇÔõ¡ æóãóÇ åõæó ÈöÈóÚöíÏò¡ æóÅöäú ßóÇäó ãõÎóÇáöÝðÇ áöãóÇ Ýöí ÇáÊøóæúÑóÇÉö¡ æóÞöíáó ÇáúãõÑóÇÏõ: Ýöí ÓöÊøóÉö ÃóæúÞóÇÊò¡ ÝóÅöäøó Çáúíóæúãó íõØúáóÞõ Úóáóì ÇáúæóÞúÊö ßóãóÇ Ýöí Þóæúáöåö ÊóÚóÇáóì: æóãóäú íõæóáøöåöãú íóæúãóÆöÐò ÏõÈõÑóåõ [ÇáúÃóäúÝóÇá: 16] Ãóíú Íöíäó ÅöÐú íóáúÞóÇåõãú ÒóÍúÝðÇ¡ æóãóÞúÕõæÏõ åóÐóÇ ÇáúÞóÇÆöáö Ãóäøó ÇáÓøóãóÇæóÇÊö æóÇáúÃóÑúÖó ÎõáöÞóÊú ÚóÇáóãðÇ ÈóÚúÏó ÚóÇáóãò æóáóãú íóÔúÊóÑößú ÌóãöíÚõåóÇ Ýöí ÃóæúÞóÇÊö ÊóßúæöíäöåóÇ¡ æóÃóíøðÇ ãóÇ ßóÇäó ÝóÇáúÃóíøóÇãõ ãõÑóÇÏñ ÈöåóÇ ãóÞóÇÏöíÑñ áóÇ ÇáúÃóíøóÇãõ ÇáøóÊöí æóÇÍöÏõåóÇ íóæúãñ ÇáøóÐöí åõæó ãöäú ØõáõæÚö ÇáÔøóãúÓö Åöáóì ÛõÑõæÈöåóÇ ÅöÐú áóãú Êóßõäú ÔóãúÓñ Ýöí ÈóÚúÖö Êöáúßó ÇáúãõÏøóÉö¡ æóÇáÊøóÚóãøõÞõ Ýöí ÇáúÈóÍúËö Ýöí åóÐóÇ ÎõÑõæÌñ Úóäú ÛóÑóÖö ÇáúÞõÑúÂäö.
æóÇáöÇÓúÊöæóÇÁõ ÍóÞöíÞóÊõåõ ÇáöÇÚúÊöÏóÇáõ¡ æóÇáøóÐöí íõÄúÎóÐõ ãöäú ßóáóÇãö ÇáúãõÍóÞøöÞöíäó ãöäú ÚõáóãóÇÁö ÇááøõÛóÉö æóÇáúãõÝóÓøöÑöíäó Ãóäøóåõ ÍóÞöíÞóÉñ Ýöí ÇáöÇÑúÊöÝóÇÚö æóÇáöÇÚúÊöáóÇÁö¡ ßóãóÇ Ýöí Þóæúáöåö ÊóÚóÇáóì Ýöí ÕöÝóÉö ÌöÈúÑöíáó ÝóÇÓúÊóæì æóåõæó ÈöÇáúÃõÝõÞö ÇáúÃóÚúáì Ëõãøó ÏóäÇ ÝóÊóÏóáøóì [ÇáäøóÌúã: 6- 8] .
æóÇáöÇÓúÊöæóÇÁõ áóåõ ãóÚóÇäò ãõÊóÝóÑøöÚóÉñ Úóäú ÍóÞöíÞóÊöåö¡ ÃóÔúåóÑõåóÇ ÇáúÞóÕúÏõ æóÇáöÇÚúÊöáóÇÁõ¡ æóÞóÏö ÇáúÊõÒöãó åóÐóÇ ÇááøóÝúÙõ Ýöí ÇáúÞõÑúÂäö ãõÓúäóÏðÇ Åöáóì ÖóãöíÑö ÇáúÌóáóÇáóÉö ÚöäúÏó ÇáúÅöÎúÈóÇÑö Úóäú ÃóÍúæóÇáò ÓóãóÇæöíøóÉò¡ ßóãóÇ Ýöí åóÐóÇ ÇáúÂíóÉö. æóäóÙóÇÆöÑõåóÇ ÓóÈúÚõ ÂíóÇÊò ãöäó ÇáúÞõÑúÂäö: åõäóÇ.(8-È/162)
æóÝöí íõæäõÓó¡ æóÇáÑøóÚúÏö¡ æóØå¡ æóÇáúÝóÑúÞóÇäö¡ æóÃóáúã
ÇáÓøóÌúÏóÉö¡ æóÇáúÍóÏöíÏö¡ æóÝõÕøöáóÊú. ÝóÙóåóÑó áöí Ãóäøó áöåóÐóÇ ÇáúÝöÚúáö ÎõÕõæÕöíøóÉð Ýöí ßóáóÇãö ÇáúÚóÑóÈö ßóÇäó ÈöÓóÈóÈöåóÇ ÃóÌúÏóÑó ÈöÇáÏøóáóÇáóÉö Úóáóì ÇáúãóÚúäóì ÇáúãõÑóÇÏö ÊóÈúáöíÛõåõ ãõÌúãóáðÇ ãöãøóÇ íóáöíÞõ ÈöÕöÝóÇÊö Çááøóåö æóíõÞóÑøöÈõ Åöáóì ÇáÃÝåÇã ãä ãóÚúäóì ÚóÙóãóÊöåö¡ æóáöÐóáößó ÇÎúÊöíÑó Ýöí åóÐöåö ÇáúÂíóÇÊö Ïõæäó ÛóíúÑöåö ãöäó ÇáúÃóÝúÚóÇáö ÇáøóÊöí ÝóÓøóÑóåõ ÈöåóÇ ÇáúãõÝóÓøöÑõæäó.
ÝóÇáöÇÓúÊöæóÇÁõ íõÚóÈøöÑõ Úóäú ÔóÃúäò ÚóÙöíã ãä ÔÄæä ÚóÙóãóÉö ÇáúÎóÇáöÞö ÊóÚóÇáóì¡ ÇÎúÊöíÑó ÇáÊøóÚúÈöíÑõ Èöåö Úóáóì ØóÑöíÞö ÇáöÇÓúÊöÚóÇÑóÉö æóÇáÊøóãúËöíáö: áöÃóäøó ãóÚúäóÇåõ ÃóÞúÑóÈõ ãóÚóÇäöí ÇáúãóæóÇÏøö ÇáúÚóÑóÈöíøóÉö Åöáóì ÇáúãóÚúäóì ÇáúãõÚóÈøöÑö Úóäåõ ãä ÔÄæäå ÊóÚóÇáóì¡ ÝóÅöäøó Çááøóåó áóãøóÇ ÃóÑóÇÏó ÊóÚúáöíãó ãóÚóÇäò ãöäú ÚóÇáóãö ÇáúÛóíúÈö áóãú íóßõäú íóÊóÃóÊøóì Ðóáößó Ýöí ÇááøõÛóÉö ÅöáøóÇ ÈöÃóãúËöáóÉò ãóÚúáõæãóÉò ãöäú ÚóÇáóãö ÇáÔøóåóÇÏóÉö¡ Ýóáóãú íóßõäú ÈõÏøñ ãöäó ÇáÊøóÚúÈöíÑö Úóäö ÇáúãóÚóÇäöí ÇáúãõÛóíøóÈóÉö ÈöÚöÈóÇÑóÇÊò ÊõÞóÑøöÈõåóÇ ãöãøóÇ íõÚóÈøóÑõ Èöåö Úóäú ÚóÇáóãö ÇáÔøóåóÇÏóÉö¡ æóáöÐóáößó íóßúËõÑõ Ýöí ÇáúÞõÑúÂäö ÐößúÑõ ÇáÇÓÊÚÇÑÇÊ ÇáÊøãËíáíøÉ æÇáÊøÎííáíøÉ Ýöí ãöËúáö åóÐóÇ.
æóÞóÏú ßóÇäó ÇáÓøóáóÝõ íóÊóáóÞøóæúäó ÃóãúËóÇáóåóÇ ÈöáóÇ ÈóÍúËò æóáóÇ ÓõÄóÇáò áöÃóäøóåõãú ÚóáöãõæÇ ÇáúãóÞúÕõæÏó ÇáúÅöÌúãóÇáöíøó ãöäúåóÇ ÝóÇÞúÊóäóÚõæÇ ÈöÇáúãóÚúäóì ãõÌúãóáðÇ¡ æóíõÓóãøõæäó ÃóãúËóÇáóåóÇ ÈöÇáúãõÊóÔóÇÈöåóÇÊö¡ Ëõãøó áóãøóÇ ÙóåóÑó ÚóÕúÑõ ÇÈúÊöÏóÇÁö ÇáúÈóÍúËö ßóÇäõæÇ ÅöÐóÇ ÓõÆöáõæÇ Úóäú åóÐöåö ÇáúÂíóÉö íóÞõæáõæäó: ÇÓúÊóæóì Çááøóåõ Úóáóì ÇáúÚóÑúÔö æóáóÇ äóÚúÑöÝõ áöÐóáößó ßóíúÝðÇ¡ æóÞóÏú ÈóíøóäúÊõ Ãóäøó ãöËúáó åóÐóÇ ãöäó ÇáúÞöÓúãö ÇáËøóÇäöí ãöäó ÇáúãõÊóÔóÇÈöåö ÚöäúÏó Þóæúáöåö ÊóÚóÇáóì: æóÃõÎóÑõ ãõÊóÔÇÈöåÇÊñ Ýöí ÓõæÑóÉö Âáö ÚöãúÑóÇäó [7] ¡ ÝóßóÇäõæÇ íóÃúÈóæúäó ÊóÃúæöíáóåóÇ. æóÞóÏú Íóßóì ÚöíóÇÖñ Ýöí «ÇáúãóÏóÇÑößö» Úóäú ÓõÝúíóÇäó Èúäö ÚõíóíúäóÉó Ãóäøóåõ ÞóÇáó: ÓóÃóáó ÑóÌõáñ ãóÇáößðÇ ÝóÞóÇáó: ÇáÑøóÍúãóÇäõ Úóáóì ÇáúÚóÑúÔö ÇÓúÊóæóì. ßóíúÝó ÇÓúÊóæóì íóÇ ÃóÈóÇ ÚóÈúÏö Çááøóåö ÝóÓóßóÊó ãóÇáößñ ãóáöíøðÇ ÍóÊøóì ÚóáóÇåõ ÇáÑøõÍóÖóÇÁõ Ëõãøó ÓõÑøöíó Úóäúåõ¡ ÝóÞóÇáó: «ÇáöÇÓúÊöæóÇÁõ ãóÚúáõæãñ æóÇáúßóíúÝõ ÛóíúÑõ ãóÚúÞõæáò æóÇáÓøõÄóÇáõ Úóäú åóÐóÇ ÈöÏúÚóÉñ æóÇáúÅöíãóÇäõ Èöåö æóÇÌöÈñ æóÅöäøöí áóÃóÙõäøóßó ÖóÇáøðÇ» æóÇÔúÊõåöÑó åóÐóÇ Úóäú ãóÇáößò Ýöí ÑöæóÇíóÇÊò ßóËöíÑóÉò¡ æóÝöí ÈóÚúÖöåóÇ Ãóäøóåõ ÞóÇáó áöãóäú ÓóÃóáóåõ: «æóÃóÙõäøõßó ÑóÌõáó ÓõæÁò ÃóÎúÑöÌõæåõ Úóäøöí» æóÃóäøóåõ ÞóÇáó(8-È/163)
: «æóÇáÓøõÄóÇáõ Úóäúåõ ÈöÏúÚóÉñ» . æóÚóäú ÓõÝúíóÇäó ÇáËøóæúÑöíøö Ãóäøóåõ ÓõÆöáó ÚóäúåóÇ: «ÝóÞóÇáó: ÝóÚóáó Çááøóåõ ÝöÚúáðÇ Ýöí ÇáúÚóÑúÔö ÓóãøóÇåõ ÇÓúÊöæóÇÁð» . ÞóÏú ÊóÃóæøóáóåõ ÇáúãõÊóÃóÎøöÑõæäó ãöäó ÇáúÃóÔóÇÚöÑóÉö ÊóÃúæöíáóÇÊò¡ ÃóÍúÓóäõåóÇ: ãóÇ ÌóäóÍó Åöáóíúåö ÅöãóÇãõ ÇáúÍóÑóãóíúäö Ãóäøó ÇáúãõÑóÇÏó ÈöÇáöÇÓúÊöæóÇÁö ÇáöÇÓúÊöíáóÇÁõ ÈöÞóÑöíäóÉö ÊóÚúÏöíóÊöåö ÈöÍóÑúÝö Úóáóì¡ æóÃóäúÔóÏõæÇ Úáì æóÌå ÇáÇÓÊíäÇÓ áöÐóáößó Þóæúáó ÇáúÃóÎúØóáö:
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æóÃóÑóÇåõ ÈóÚöíÏðÇ¡ áöÃóäøó ÇáúÚóÑúÔó ãóÇ åõæó ÅöáøóÇ ãöäú ãóÎúáõæÞóÇÊöåö ÝóáóÇ æóÌúåó áöáúÅöÎúÈóÇÑö ÈöÇÓúÊöíáóÇÆöåö Úóáóíúåö¡ ãóÚó ÇÍúÊöãóÇáö Ãóäú íóßõæäó ÇáúÃóÎúØóáõ ÞóÏö ÇäúÊóÒóÚóåõ ãöäú åóÐöåö ÇáúÂíóÉö¡ æóÞóÏú ÞóÇáó Ãóåúáõ ÇááøõÛóÉö: Åöäøó ãóÚóÇäöíóåõ ÊóÎúÊóáöÝõ ÈöÇÎúÊöáóÇÝö ÊóÚúÏöíóÊöåö ÈöÚóáóì Ãóæú ÈöÅöáóì¡ ÞóÇáó ÇáúÈõÎóÇÑöíøõ¡ Úóäú ãõÌóÇåöÏò: ÇÓúÊóæóì ÚóáóÇ Úóáóì
ÇáúÚóÑúÔö¡ æóÚóäú ÃóÈöí ÇáúÚóÇáöíóÉö: ÇÓúÊóæóì Åöáóì ÇáÓøóãóÇÁö ÇÑúÊóÝóÚó ÝóÓóæøóì ÎóáúÞóåõäøó.
æóÃóÍúÓóÈõ Ãóäøó ÇÓúÊöÚóÇÑóÊóåõ ÊóÎúÊóáöÝõ ÈöÞóÑöíäóÉö ÇáúÍóÑúÝö ÇáøóÐöí íõÚóÏøóì Èöåö ÝöÚúáõåõ¡ ÝóÅöäú ÚõÏøöíó ÈöÍóÑúÝö (Úóáóì) ßóãóÇ Ýöí åóÐöåö ÇáúÂíóÉö æóäóÙóÇÆöÑöåóÇ Ýóåõæó ãõÓúÊóÚóÇÑñ ãöäú ãóÚúäóì ÇáöÇÚúÊöáóÇÁö¡ ãõÓúÊóÚúãóáñ Ýöí ÇÚúÊöáóÇÁò ãóÌóÇÒöíøò íóÏõáøõ Úóáóì ãóÚúäóì ÇáÊøóãóßøõäö¡ ÝóíõÍúÊóãóáõ Ãóäøóåõ ÃõÑöíÏó ãöäúåõ ÇáÊøóãúËöíáõ¡ æóåõæó ÊóãúËöíáõ ÔóÃúäö ÊóÕóÑøõÝöåö ÊóÚóÇáóì ÈöÊóÏúÈöíÑö ÇáúÚóæóÇáöãö¡ æóáöÐóáößó äóÌöÏõåõ ÈöåóÐóÇ ÇáÊøóÑúßöíÈö Ýöí ÇáúÂíóÇÊö ÇáÓøóÈúÚö æóÇÞöÚðÇ ÚóÞöÈó ÐößúÑö ÎóáúÞö ÇáÓøóãóÇæóÇÊö æóÇáúÃóÑúÖö¡ ÝóÇáúãóÚúäóì ÍöíäóÆöÐò: ÎóáóÞóåóÇ Ëõãøó åõæó íõÏóÈøöÑõ ÃõãõæÑóåóÇ ÊóÏúÈöíÑó Çáúãóáößö ÃõãõæÑó ãóãúáóßóÊöåö ãõÓúÊóæöíðÇ Úóáóì ÚóÑúÔöåö. æóãöãøóÇ íõÞóÑøöÈõ åóÐóÇ ÇáúãóÚúäóì
Þóæá ÇáäøÈíÁ Õóáøóì Çááåõ Úóáóíúåö æóÓóáøóãó: «íóÞúÈöÖõ Çááøóåõ ÇáúÃóÑúÖó æóíóØúæöí ÇáÓøóãóÇæóÇÊö íóæúãó ÇáúÞöíóÇãóÉö Ëõãøó íóÞõæáõ: ÃóäóÇ Çáúãóáößõ Ãóíúäó ãõáõæßõ ÇáúÃóÑúÖö»
. æóáöÐóáößó ÃóíúÖÇ ÚÞÈ åóÐóÇ ÇáÊøóÑúßöíÈó Ýöí ãóæóÇÞöÚöåö ßõáøöåóÇ ÈöãóÇ Ýöíåö ãóÚúäóì ÇáÊøóÕóÑøõÝö ßóÞóæúáöåö åõäóÇ íõÛúÔöí Çááøóíúáó ÇáäøóåÇÑó ÅöáóÎú¡ æóÞóæúáöåö Ýöí ÓõæÑóÉö íõæäõÓó [3] : íõÏóÈøöÑõ ÇáúÃóãúÑó ãóÇ ãöäú ÔóÝöíÚò ÅöáøóÇ ãöäú ÈóÚúÏö ÅöÐúäöåö¡ æóÞóæúáöåö Ýöí ÓõæÑóÉö ÇáÑøóÚúÏö [2] : æóÓóÎøóÑó ÇáÔøóãúÓó æóÇáúÞóãóÑó ßõáøñ íóÌúÑöí áöÃóÌóáò ãõÓóãøðì íõÏóÈøöÑõ ÇáúÃóãúÑó íõÝóÕøöáõ ÇáúÂíÇÊö. æóÞóæúáöåö Ýöí ÓõæÑóÉö Ãáã ÇáÓøóÌúÏóÉö [4¡ 5] : ãóÇ áóßõãú ãöäú Ïõæäöåö ãöäú æóáöíøò æóáÇ ÔóÝöíÚò ÃóÝóáÇ ÊóÊóÐóßøóÑõæäó íõÏóÈøöÑõ ÇáúÃóãúÑó ãöäó ÇáÓøóãÇÁö Åöáóì ÇáúÃóÑúÖö. æóßóãóÇáõ åóÐóÇöö(8-È/164)
ÇáÊøóãúËöíáö íóÞúÊóÖöí Ãóäú íóßõæäó ßõáøõ ÌõÒúÁò ãöäú ÃóÌúÒóÇÁö ÇáúåóíúÆóÉö ÇáúãõãóËøóáóÉö ãõÔóÈøóåðÇ ÈöÌõÒúÁò ãöäú ÃóÌúÒóÇÁö ÇáúåóíúÆóÉö ÇáúãõãóËøóáö ÈöåóÇ¡ ÝóíóÞúÊóÖöí Ãóäú íóßõæäó ËóãøóÉó ãóæúÌõæÏñ ãöäú ÃóÌúÒóÇÁö ÇáúåóíúÆóÉö ÇáúãõãóËøóáóÉö ãõÔóÇÈöåðÇ áöÚóÑúÔö Çáúãóáößö Ýöí ÇáúÚóÙóãóÉö¡ æóßóæúäöåö ãóÕúÏóÑó ÇáÊøóÏúÈöíÑö æóÇáÊøóÕóÑøõÝö ÇáúÅöáóåöíøö íóÝöíÖõ Úóáóì ÇáúÚóæóÇáöãö Þõæóì ÊóÏúÈöíÑöåóÇ. æóÞóÏú ÏóáøóÊö ÇáúÂËóÇÑõ ÇáÕøóÍöíÍóÉõ ãöäú ÃóÞúæóÇáö ÇáÑøóÓõæáö Úóáóíúåö ÇáÕøóáóÇÉõ æóÇáÓøóáóÇãõ Úóáóì æõÌõæÏö åóÐóÇ ÇáúãóÎúáõæÞö ÇáúÚóÙöíãö ÇáúãõÓóãøóì ÈöÇáúÚóÑúÔö ßóãóÇ ÓóäõÈóíøöäõåõ.
ÝóÃóãøóÇ ÅöÐóÇ ÚõÏøöíó ÝöÚúáõ ÇáöÇÓúÊöæóÇÁö ÈöÍóÑúÝö ÇááøóÇãö Ýóåõæó ãõÓúÊóÚóÇÑñ ãöäú ãóÚúäóì ÇáúÞóÕúÏö æóÇáÊøóæóÌøõåö Åöáóì ãóÚúäóì ÊóÚóáøõÞö ÇáúÅöÑóÇÏóÉö¡ ßóãóÇ Ýöí Þóæúáöåö: Ëõãøó ÇÓúÊóæì Åöáóì ÇáÓøóãÇÁö [ÇáúÈóÞóÑóÉ: 29] . æóÞóÏú äóÍóÇ ÕóÇÍöÈõ «ÇáúßóÔøóÇÝö» äóÍúæðÇ ãöäú åóÐóÇ ÇáúãóÚúäóì¡ ÅöáøóÇ Ãóäøóåõ Óóáóßó Èöåö ØóÑöíÞóÉó ÇáúßöäóÇíóÉö Úóäö Çáúãõáúßö: íóÞõæáõæäó ÇÓúÊóæóì ÝõáóÇäñ Úóáóì ÇáúÚóÑúÔö íõÑöíÏõæäó ãóáóßó.
æóÇáúÚóÑúÔõ ÍóÞöíÞóÊõåõ ÇáúßõÑúÓöíøõ ÇáúãõÑúÊóÝöÚõ ÇáøóÐöí íóÌúáöÓõ Úóáóíúåö Çáúãóáößõ¡ ÞóÇáó ÊóÚóÇáóì: æóáóåÇ ÚóÑúÔñ ÚóÙöíãñ [ÇáäãÇ: 23] æóÞóÇáó: æóÑóÝóÚó ÃóÈóæóíúåö Úóáóì ÇáúÚóÑúÔö [íõæÓõÝ: 100] ¡ æóåõæó Ýöí åóÐöåö ÇáúÂíóÉö æóäóÙóÇÆöÑöåóÇ ãõÓúÊóÚúãóáñ ÌõÒúÁðÇ ãöäó ÇáÊøóÔúÈöíåö ÇáúãõÑóßøóÈö¡ æóãöäú ÈóÏóÇÚóÉò åóÐóÇ ÇáÊøóÔúÈöíåö Ãóäú ßóÇäó ßõáøõ ÌõÒúÁò ãöäú ÃóÌúÒóÇÁö ÇáúåóíúÆóÉö ÇáúãõÔóÈøóåóÉö ãõãóÇËöáðÇ áöÌõÒúÁò ãöäú ÃóÌúÒóÇÁö ÇáúåóíúÆóÉö ÇáúãõÔóÈøóåö ÈöåóÇ¡ æóÐóáößó Ãóßúãóáõ ÇáÊøóãúËöíáö Ýöí ÇáúÈóáóÇÛóÉö ÇáúÚóÑóÈöíøóÉö¡ ßóãóÇ ÞóÏøóãúÊõåõ ÂäöÝðÇ. æóÅöÐú ÞóÏú ßóÇäó åóÐóÇ ÇáÊøóãúËöíáõ ãóÞúÕõæÏðÇ áöÊóÞúÑöíÈö ÔóÃúä ãä ÔÄæä
ÚóÙóãóÉö ãõáúßö Çááøóåö ÈöÍóÇáö åóíúÆóÉò ãöäó ÇáúåóíúÆóÇÊö ÇáúãõÊóÚóÇÑóÝóÉö¡ äóÇÓóÈó Ãóäú íóÔúÊóãöáó Úóáóì ãóÇ åõæó ÔöÚóÇÑõ ÃóÚúÙóãö ÇáúãõÏóÈøöÑöíäó áöáúÃõãõæÑö ÇáúãõÊóÚóÇÑóÝóÉö ÃóÚúäöí Çáúãõáõæßó¡ æóÐóáößó ÔöÚóÇÑõ ÇáúÚóÑúÔö ÇáøóÐöí ãöäú Íóæúáöåö ÊóÕúÏõÑõ ÊóÕóÑøõÝóÇÊõ Çáúãóáößö¡ ÝóÅöäøó ÊóÏúÈöíÑó Çááøóåö áöãóÎúáõæÞóÇÊöåö ÈöÃóãúÑö ÇáÊøóßúæöíäö íóßõæäõ ÕõÏõæÑõåõ ÈöæóÇÓöØóÉö ÇáúãóáóÇÆößóÉö¡ æóÞóÏú Èóíøóäó ÇáúÞõÑúÂäõ Úóãóáó ÈóÚúÖöåöãú ãöËúáö ÌöÈúÑöíáó Úóáóíúåö ÇáÓøóáóÇãõ æóãóáóßö ÇáúãóæúÊö¡ æóÈóíøóäóÊö ÇáÓøõäøóÉõ ÈóÚúÖóåóÇ:
ÝóÐóßóÑóÊú ãóáößó ÇáúÌöÈóÇáö¡ æóãóáößó ÇáÑøöíóÇÍö¡ æóÇáúãóáößó ÇáøóÐöí íõÈóÇÔöÑõ Êóßúæöíäó ÇáúÌóäöíäö¡ æóíóßúÊõÈõ ÑöÒúÞóåõ æóÃóÌóáóåõ æóÚóÇÞöÈóÊóåõ¡ æóßóÐóáößó ÃóÔóÇÑó ÇáúÞõÑúÂäõ Åöáóì Ãóäøó ãöäó ÇáúãóæúÌõæÏóÇÊö ÇáúÚõáúæöíøóÉö ãóæúÌõæÏðÇ ãõäóæøóåðÇ Èöåö ÓóãøóÇåõ ÇáúÚóÑúÔó ÐóßóÑóåõ ÇáúÞõÑúÂäõ Ýöí ÂíóÇÊò ßóËöíÑóÉò. æóáóãøóÇ ÐóßóÑó ÎóáúÞó ÇáÓøóãóÇæóÇÊö æóÇáúÃóÑúÖö æóÐóßóÑó ÇáúÚóÑúÔó ÐóßóÑóåõ ÈöãóÇ íõÔúÚöÑõ ÈöÃóäøóåõ ãóæúÌõæÏñ ÞóÈúáó åóÐóÇ ÇáúÎóáúÞö. æóÈóíøóäóÊö ÇáÓøõäøóÉõ Ãóäøó ÇáúÚóÑúÔó ÃóÚúÙóãõ(8-È/165)
ãöäó ÇáÓøóãóÇæóÇÊö æóãóÇ Ýöíåöäøó¡ ãöäú Ðóáößó
ÍóÏöíËõ ÚöãúÑóÇäó Èúäö ÍõÕóíúäò Ãäø ÇáäøÈíÁ Õóáøóì Çááåõ Úóáóíúåö æóÓóáøóãó ÞóÇáó: «ßóÇäó Çááøóåõ æóáóãú íóßõäú ÔóíúÁñ ÞóÈúáóåõ æóßóÇäó ÚóÑúÔõåõ Úóáóì ÇáúãóÇÁö Ëõãøó ÎóáóÞó ÇáÓøóãóÇæóÇÊö æóÇáúÃóÑúÖó»
æóÍóÏöíËõ ÃóÈöí åõÑóíúÑóÉó Úóäú ÑóÓõæá Çááå Õóáøóì Çááåõ Úóáóíúåö æóÓóáøóãó Ãóäøóåõ ÞóÇáó Ýöí ÍóÏöíËò Øóæöíáò: «ÝóÅöÐóÇ ÓóÃóáúÊõãõ Çááøóåó ÝóÇÓúÃóáõæåõ ÇáúÝöÑúÏóæúÓó ÝóÅöäøóåõ ÃóæúÓóØõ ÇáúÌóäøóÉö¡ æóÃóÚúáóì ÇáúÌóäøóÉö æóÝóæúÞóåõ ÚóÑúÔõ ÇáÑøóÍöãóÇäö æóãöäúåõ ÊõÝóÌøóÑõ ÃóäúåóÇÑõ ÇáúÌóäøóÉö»
æóÞóÏú Þöíáó Åöäøó ÇáúÚóÑúÔó åõæó ÇáúßõÑúÓöíøõ æóÃóäøóåõ ÇáúãõÑóÇÏõ Ýöí Þóæúáöåö ÊóÚóÇáóì: æóÓöÚó ßõÑúÓöíøõåõ ÇáÓøóãÇæÇÊö æóÇáúÃóÑúÖó ßóãóÇ ÊóÞóÏøóãó ÇáúßóáóÇãõ Úóáóíúåö Ýöí ÓõæÑóÉö ÇáúÈóÞóÑóÉö [255] .
æóÞóÏú ÏóáøóÊú (Ëõãøó) Ýöí Þóæúáöåö: Ëõãøó ÇÓúÊóæì Úóáóì ÇáúÚóÑúÔö Úóáóì ÇáÊøóÑóÇÎöí ÇáÑøõÊúÈöíøö Ãóíú æóÃóÚúÙóãõ ãöäú ÎóáúÞö ÇáÓøóãóÇæóÇÊö æóÇáúÃóÑúÖö ÇÓúÊöæóÇÁõåõ Úóáóì ÇáúÚóÑúÔö¡ ÊóäúÈöíåðÇ Úóáóì Ãóäøó ÎóáúÞó ÇáÓøóãóÇæóÇÊö æóÇáúÃóÑúÖö áóãú íõÍúÏöËú ÊóÛúíöíÑðÇ Ýöí ÊóÕóÑøõÝóÇÊö Çááøóåö ÈöÒöíóÇÏóÉò æóáóÇ äõÞúÕóÇäò¡ æóáöÐóáößó ÐõßöÑó ÇáöÇÓúÊöæóÇÁõ Úóáóì ÇáúÚóÑúÔö ÚóÞöÈó ÐößúÑö ÎóáúÞö ÇáÓøóãóÇæóÇÊö æóÇáúÃóÑúÖö Ýöí ÂíóÇÊò ßóËöíÑóÉò¡ æóáóÚóáøó ÇáúãóÞúÕöÏó ãöäú Ðóáößó ÅöÈúØóÇáõ ãóÇ íóÞõæáõåõ ÇáúíóåõæÏõ: Åöäøó Çááøóåó ÇÓúÊóÑóÇÍó Ýöí Çáúíóæúãö ÇáÓøóÇÈöÚö Ýóåõæó ßóÇáúãóÞúÕöÏö ãöäú Þóæúáöåö ÊóÚóÇáóì: æóáóÞóÏú ÎóáóÞúäóÇ ÇáÓøóãÇæÇÊö æóÇáúÃóÑúÖó æóãÇ ÈóíúäóåõãÇ Ýöí ÓöÊøóÉö ÃóíøóÇãò æóãÇ ãóÓøóäÇ ãöäú áõÛõæÈò [Þ: 38] .
æóÌõãúáóÉõ íõÛúÔöí Çááøóíúáó ÇáäøóåÇÑó Ýöí ãóæúÖöÚö ÇáúÍóÇáö ãöäö ÇÓúãö ÇáúÌóáóÇáóÉö¡ ÐõßöÑó Èöåö ÔóíúÁñ ãöäú Úõãõæãö ÊóÏúÈöíÑöåö ÊóÚóÇáóì æóÊóÕóÑøõÝöåö ÇáúãõÖóãøóäö Ýöí ÇáöÇÓúÊöæóÇÁö Úóáóì ÇáúÚóÑúÔö¡ æóÊóäúÈöíåñ Úóáóì ÇáúãóÞúÕõæÏö ãöäó ÇáöÇÓúÊöæóÇÁö¡ æóáöÐóáößó ÌóÇÁó Èöåö Ýöí ÕõæÑóÉö ÇáúÍóÇáö áóÇ Ýöí ÕõæÑóÉö ÇáúÎóÈóÑö¡ ßóãóÇ ÐõßöÑó ÈöæóÌúåö ÇáúÚõãõæãö Ýöí ÂíóÉö ÓõæÑóÉö íõæäõÓó [3] æóÓõæÑóÉö ÇáÑøóÚúÏö [2] ÈöÞóæúáöåö: íõÏóÈøöÑõ ÇáúÃóãúÑó æóÎóÕøó åóÐóÇ ÇáÊøóÕóÑøõÝó ÈöÇáÐøößúÑö áöãóÇ íóÏõáøõ Úóáóíúåö ãöäú ÚóÙöíãö ÇáúãóÞúÏöÑóÉö¡ æóãóÇ Ýöíåö ãöäú ÚöÈúÑóÉö ÇáÊøóÛóíøõÑö æóÏóáöíáö ÇáúÍõÏõæËö¡ æóáößóæúäöåö ãõÊóßóÑøöÑðÇ ÍõÏõæËõåõ Ýöí ãõÔóÇåóÏóÉö ÇáäøóÇÓö ßõáøöåöãú. æóÇáúÅöÛúÔóÇÁõ æóÇáÊøóÛúÔöíóÉõ: ÌóÚúáõ ÇáÔøóíúÁö ÛóÇÔöíðÇ¡ æóÇáúÛóÔúíõ æóÇáúÛóÔóíóÇäõ ÍóÞöíÞóÊõåõ ÇáÊøóÛúØöíóÉõ æóÇáúÛóãøõ.
ÝóãóÚúäóì: íõÛúÔöí Çááøóíúáó ÇáäøóåÇÑó Ãóäøó Çááøóåó íóÌúÚóáõ ÃóÍóÏóåõãóÇ ÛóÇÔöíðÇ ÇáúÂÎóÑó.(8-È/166)
æóÇáúÛóÔúíõ ãõÓúÊóÚóÇÑñ ááÅÎÝÇÁ¡ áöÃóäøó ÇáäøóåóÇÑó íõÒöíáõ ÃóËóÑó Çááøóíúáö æóÇááøóíúáó íõÒöíáõ ÃóËóÑó ÇáäøóåóÇÑö¡ æóãöäú ÈóÏöíÚö ÇáúÅöíÌóÇÒö æóÑóÔóÇÞóÉö ÇáÊøóÑúßöíÈö: ÌóÚúáõ Çááøóíúáö æóÇáäøóåóÇÑö ãóÝúÚõæáóíúäö áöÝöÚúáö ÝóÇÚöáö ÇáúÅöÛúÔóÇÁö¡ ÝóåõãóÇ ãóÝúÚõæáóÇäö ßöáóÇåõãóÇ ÕóÇáöÍñ áöÃóäú íóßõæäó ÝóÇÚöáó ÇáúÛóÔúíö¡ æóáöåóÐóÇ ÇÓúÊóÛúäóì ÈöÞóæúáöåö: íõÛúÔöí Çááøóíúáó ÇáäøóåÇÑó Úóäú ÐößúÑö ÚóßúÓöåö æóáóãú íóÞõáú: æóÇáäøóåóÇÑó Çááøóíúáó¡ ßóãóÇ Ýöí ÂíóÉö íõßóæøöÑõ Çááøóíúáó Úóáóì ÇáäøóåÇÑö [ÇáÒãÑ: 5] áóßöäøó ÇáúÃóÕúáó Ýöí ÊóÑúÊöíÈö ÇáúãóÝóÇÚöíáö Ýöí åóÐóÇ ÇáúÈóÇÈö Ãóäú íóßõæäó ÇáúÃóæøóáõ åõæó ÇáúÝóÇÚöáó Ýöí ÇáúãóÚúäóì¡ æóíóÌõæÒõ ÇáúÚóßúÓõ ÅöÐóÇ Ãóãöäó ÇááøóÈúÓó¡ æóÈöÇáúÃóÍúÑóì ÅöÐóÇ ÇÓúÊóæóì ÇáöÇÍúÊöãóÇáóÇäö.
æóÞóÑóÃó äóÇÝöÚñ¡ æóÇÈúäõ ßóËöíÑò¡ æóÃóÈõæ ÚóãúÑòæ¡ æóÇÈúäõ ÚóÇãöÑò¡ æóÚóÇÕöãñ Ýöí ÑöæóÇíóÉö ÍóÝúÕò íõÛúÔöí- ÈöÖóãøö ÇáúíóÇÁö æóÓõßõæäö ÇáúÛóíúäö æóÊóÎúÝöíÝö ÇáÔøöíäö-. æóÞóÑóÃóåõ ÍóãúÒóÉõ¡ æóÇáúßöÓóÇÆöíøõ¡ æóÚóÇÕöãñ Ýöí ÑöæóÇíóÉö ÃóÈöí ÈóßúÑò¡ æóíóÚúÞõæÈõ¡ æóÎóáóÝñ ÈöÖóãøö ÇáúíóÇÁö æóÝóÊúÍö ÇáúÛóíúäö æóÊóÔúÏöíÏö ÇáÔøöíäö- æóåõãóÇ ÈöãóÚúäðì æóÇÍöÏò Ýöí ÇáÊøóÚúÏöíóÉö.
æóÌõãúáóÉõ: íóØúáõÈõåõ Åöä ÌÚáÊ ÇÓÊíäÇÝÇ Ãóæú ÈóÏóáó ÇÔúÊöãóÇáò ãöäú ÌõãúáóÉö (íõÛúÔöí) ÝóÃóãúÑõåóÇ æóÇÖöÍñ¡ æóÇÍúÊóãóáó ÇáÖøóãöíÑõ ÇáúãóäúÕõæÈõ Ýöí (íóØúáõÈõåõ) Ãóäú íóÚõæÏó Åöáóì Çááøóíúáö æóÅöáóì ÇáäøóåóÇÑö¡ æóÅöäú ÌõÚöáóÊú ÍóÇáðÇ ÊõÚöíäõ Ãóäú ÊõÚúÊóÈóÑó ÍóÇáðÇ ãöäú ÃóÍóÏö ÇáúãóÝúÚõæáóíúäö Úóáóì ÇáÓøóæóÇÁö ÝóÅöäøó ßöáóÇ Çááøóíúáö æóÇáäøóåóÇÑö íõÚúÊóÈóÑõ ØóÇáöÈðÇ æóãóØúáõæÈðÇ¡ ÊóÈóÚðÇ áöÇÚúÊöÈóÇÑö ÃóÍóÏöåöãóÇ ãóÝúÚõæáðÇ Ãóæøóáó Ãóæú ËóÇäöíðÇ.
æóÔõÈøöåó ÙõåõæÑõ ÙóáóÇãö Çááøóíúáö Ýöí ÇáúÃõÝõÞö ãõãúÊóÏøðÇ ãöäó ÇáúãóÔúÑöÞö Åöáóì ÇáúãóÛúÑöÈö ÚöäúÏó ÇáúÛõÑõæÈö æóÇÎúÊöÝóÇÁõ äõæÑö ÇáäøóåóÇÑö Ýöí ÇáúÃõÝõÞö ÓóÇÞöØðÇ ãöäó ÇáúãóÔúÑöÞö Åöáóì ÇáúãóÛúÑöÈö ÍóÊøóì íóÚõãøó ÇáÙøóáóÇãõ ÇáúÃõÝõÞó ÈöØóáóÈö Çááøóíúáö ÇáäøóåóÇÑó¡ Úóáóì ØóÑöíÞóÉö ÇáÊøóãúËöíáö¡ æóßóÐóáößó íõÝúåóãõ ÊóÔúÈöíåõ ÇãúÊöÏóÇÏö ÖóæúÁö ÇáúÝóÌúÑö Ýöí ÇáúÃõÝõÞö ãöäó ÇáúãóÔúÑöÞö Åöáóì ÇáúãóÛúÑöÈö æóÇÎúÊöÝóÇÁö ÙóáóÇãö Çááøóíúáö Ýöí ÇáúÃõÝõÞö ÓóÇÞöØðÇ Ýöí ÇáúãóÛúÑöÈö ÍóÊøóì íóÚõãøó ÇáÖøöíóÇÁõ ÇáúÃõÝõÞó: ÈöØóáóÈö ÇáäøóåóÇÑö Çááøóíúáó Úóáóì æóÌúåö ÇáÊøóãúËöíáö¡ æóáóÇ ãóÇäöÚó ãöäó ÇÚúÊöÈóÇÑö ÇáÊøóäóÇÒõÚö áöáúãóÝúÚõæáóíúäö Ýöí ÌõãúáóÉö ÇáúÍóÇáö ßóãóÇ Ýöí Þóæúáöåö ÊóÚóÇáóì: ÝóÃóÊóÊú Èöåö ÞóæúãóåÇ ÊóÍúãöáõåõ [ãóÑúíóã: 27] æóÞóæúáöåö: æóÇáÔøóãúÓó æóÇáúÞóãóÑó æóÇáäøõÌõæãó ãõÓóÎøóÑÇÊò ÈöÃóãúÑöåö.(8-È/167)
æóÇáúÍóËöíËõ: ÇáúãõÓúÑöÚõ¡ æóåõæó ÝóÚöíáñ ÈöãóÚúäóì ãóÝúÚõæáò¡ ãöäú ÍóËøóåõ ÅöÐóÇ ÃóÚúÌóáóåõ æóßóÑøóÑó ÅöÚúÌóÇáóåõ áöíõÈóÇÏöÑó ÈöÇáúÚóÌóáóÉö¡ æóÞóÑöíÈñ ãöäú åóÐóÇ Þóæá ÓóáÇãóÉ ãä ÌóäúÏóáò íóÐúßõÑõ ÇäúÊöåóÇÁó ÔóÈóÇÈöåö æóÇÈúÊöÏóÇÁó ÚóÕúÑö ÔóíúÈöåö:
ÃóæúÏóì ÇáÔøóÈóÇÈõ ÇáøóÐöí ãóÌúÏñ ÚóæóÇÞöÈõåõ ... Ýöíåö äóáóÐøõ æóáóÇ áóÐøóÇÊö áöáÔøöíÈö
æóáøóì ÍóËöíËðÇ æóåóÐóÇ ÇáÔøóíúÈõ íóÊúÈóÚõåõ ... áóæú ßóÇäó íõÏúÑößõåõ ÑóßúÖõ ÇáúíóÚóÇÞöíÈö
ÝóÇáúãóÚúäóì íóØúáõÈõåõ ÓóÑöíÚðÇ ãõÌöÏøðÇ Ýöí ÇáÓøõÑúÚóÉö áöÃóäøóåõ áóÇ íóáúÈóËõ Ãóäú íõÚúÝóì ÃóËóÑõåõ.
æóÇáÔøóãúÓó æóÇáúÞóãóÑó æóÇáäøõÌõæãó- ÈöÇáäøóÕúÈö- Ýöí ÞöÑóÇÁóÉö ÇáúÌõãúåõæÑö ãóÚúØõæÝóÇÊñ Úóáóì ÇáÓøóãóÇæóÇÊö æóÇáúÃóÑúÖö¡ Ãóíú æóÎóáóÞó ÇáÔøóãúÓó æóÇáúÞóãóÑó æóÇáäøõÌõæãó¡ æóåöíó ãöäú ÃóÚúÙóãö ÇáúãóÎúáõæÞóÇÊö ÇáøóÊöí ÇÔúÊóãóáóÊú ÚóáóíúåóÇ ÇáÓøóãóÇæóÇÊõ. æãõÓóÎøóÑÇÊò ÍóÇáñ ãöäó ÇáúãóÐúßõæÑóÇÊö.
æóÞóÑóÃó ÇÈúäõ ÚóÇãöÑò ÈöÑóÝúÚö ÇáÔøóãúÓó æóãóÇ ÚõØöÝó Úóáóíúåö æóÑóÝúÚö ãõÓóÎøóÑÇÊò¡ ÝóÊóßõæäõ ÇáúÌõãúáóÉõ ÍóÇáðÇ ãöäú ÖóãöíÑö ÇÓúãö ÇáúÌóáóÇáóÉö ßóÞóæúáöåö: íõÛúÔöí Çááøóíúáó ÇáäøóåÇÑó.
æóÊóÞóÏøóãó ÇáúßóáóÇãõ Úóáóì Çááøóíúáö æóÇáäøóåóÇÑö ÚöäúÏó Þóæúáöåö ÊóÚóÇáóì: Åöäøó Ýöí ÎóáúÞö ÇáÓøóãÇæÇÊö æóÇáúÃóÑúÖö æóÇÎúÊöáÇÝö Çááøóíúáö æóÇáäøóåÇÑö Ýöí ÓõæÑóÉö ÇáúÈóÞóÑóÉö [164] æóíóÃúÊöí Ýöí ÓõæÑóÉö ÇáÔøóãúÓö.
æóÇáÊøóÓúÎöíÑõ ÍóÞöíÞóÊõåõ ÊóÐúáöíáõ Ðöí Úóãóáò ÔóÇÞøò Ãóæú ÔóÇÛöáò ÈöÞóåúÑò æóÊóÎúæöíÝò Ãóæú ÈöÊóÚúáöíãò æóÓöíóÇÓóÉò ÈöÏõæäö ÚöæóÖò¡ Ýóãöäúåõ ÊóÓúÎöíÑõ ÇáúÚóÈöíÏö æóÇáúÃóÓúÑóì¡ æóãöäúåõ ÊóÓúÎöíÑõ ÇáúÃóÝúÑóÇÓö æóÇáÑøóæóÇÍöáö¡ æóãöäúåõ ÊóÓúÎöíÑõ ÇáúÈóÞóÑö áöáúÍóáúÈö¡ æóÇáúÛóäóãö áöáúÌóÒøö. æóíõÓúÊóÚúãóáõ ãóÌóÇÒðÇ Ýöí ÊóÕúÑöíÝö ÇáÔøóíúÁö ÛóíúÑö Ðöí ÇáúÅöÑóÇÏóÉö Ýöí Úóãóáò ÚóÌöíÈò Ãóæú ÚóÙöíãò ãöäú ÔóÃúäöåö Ãóäú íóÕúÚõÈó ÇÓúÊöÚúãóÇáõåõ Ýöíåö¡ ÈöÍöíáóÉò Ãóæú ÅöáúåóÇãò ÊóÕúÑöíÝðÇ íõÕóíøöÑõåõ ãä ÎóÕóÇÆöÕå æÔÄæäå¡ ßóÊóÓúÎöíÑö ÇáúÝõáúßö áöáúãóÎúÑö Ýöí ÇáúÈóÍúÑö ÈöÇáÑøöíÍö Ãóæú ÈöÇáúÌóÐúÝö¡ æóÊóÓúÎöíÑö ÇáÓøóÍóÇÈö áöáúÃóãúØóÇÑö¡ æóÊóÓúÎöíÑö ÇáäøóåóÇÑö áöáúÚóãóáö¡ æóÇááøóíúáö áöáÓøõßõæäö¡ æóÊóÓúÎöíÑö Çááøóíúáö áöáÓøóíúÑö Ýöí ÇáÕøóíúÝö¡ æóÇáÔøóãúÓö áöáÏøöÝúÁö Ýöí ÇáÔøöÊóÇÁö¡ æóÇáÙøöáøö áöáÊøóÈóÑøõÏö Ýöí ÇáÕøóíúÝö¡ æóÊóÓúÎöíÑö ÇáÔøóÌóÑö áöáúÃóßúáö ãöäú ËöãóÇÑöåö ÍóíúËõ ÎõáöÞó ãõÌóÑøóÏðÇ Úóäú ãóæóÇäöÚó ÊóãúäóÚõ(8-È/168)
ãöäö ÇÌúÊöäóÇÆöåö ãöËúáó ÇáÔøóæúßö ÇáÔøóÏöíÏö¡ ÝóÇáúÃóÓóÏõ ÛóíúÑõ ãõÓóÎøóÑò ÈöåóÐóÇ ÇáúãóÚúäóì æóáóßöäøóåõ ÈöÍóíúËõ íõÓóÎøóÑõ ÅöÐóÇ ÔóÇÁó ÇáúÅöäúÓóÇäõ ÇáöÇäúÊöÝóÇÚó ÈöáóÍúãöåö Ãóæú ÌöáúÏöåö ÈöÍöíáóÉò áöÕóíúÏöåö ÈöÒõÈúíóÉò Ãóæú äóÍúæöåóÇ¡ æóáöÐóáößó ÞóÇáó Çááøóåõ ÊóÚóÇáóì: æóÓóÎøóÑó áóßõãú ãóÇ Ýöí ÇáÓøóãÇæÇÊö æóãÇ Ýöí ÇáúÃóÑúÖö ÌóãöíÚÇð ãöäúåõ [ÇáÌÇËíÉ: 13] ÈöÇÚúÊöÈóÇÑö åóÐóÇ ÇáúãóÌóÇÒö Úóáóì ÊóÝóÇæõÊò Ýöí ÞõæøóÉö ÇáúÚóáóÇÞóÉö. ÝóÞóæúáõåõ: æóÇáÔøóãúÓó æóÇáúÞóãóÑó æóÇáäøõÌõæãó ãõÓóÎøóÑÇÊò ÈöÃóãúÑöåö ÃõØúáöÞó ÇáÊøóÓúÎöíÑõ Ýöíåö ãóÌóÇÒðÇ Úóáóì ÌóÚúáöåóÇ ÎóÇÖöÚóÉð áöáäøöÙóÇãö ÇáøóÐöí ÎóáóÞóåóÇ Çááøóåõ Úóáóíúåö ÈöÏõæäö ÊóÛúíöíÑò¡ ãóÚó Ãóäøó ÔóÃúäó ÚöÙóãöåóÇ Ãóäú áóÇ íóÓúÊóØöíÚó ÛóíúÑõåõ ÊóÚóÇáóì æóÖúÚóåóÇ Úóáóì äöÙóÇãò ãóÍúÏõæÏò ãõäúÖóÈöØò.
æóáóÝúÙõ ÇáúÃóãúÑö Ýöí Þóæúáöåö: ÈöÃóãúÑöåö ãõÓúÊóÚúãóáñ ãóÌóÇÒðÇ Ýöí ÇáÊøóÕúÑöíÝö ÈöÍóÓúÈö ÇáúÞõÏúÑóÉö ÇáúÌóÇÑöíóÉö Úóáóì æóÝúÞö ÇáúÅöÑóÇÏóÉö. æóãöäúåõ ÃóãúÑõ ÇáÊøóßúæöíäö ÇáúãõÚóÈøóÑõ Úóäúåõ Ýöí ÇáúÞõÑúÂäö ÈöÞóæúáöåö: ÅöäøóãÇ ÃóãúÑõåõ ÅöÐÇ ÃóÑÇÏó ÔóíúÆÇð Ãóäú íóÞõæáó áóåõ ßõäú Ýóíóßõæäõ [íÓ: 82] áöÃóäøó (ßõäú) ÊóÞúÑöíÈñ áöäóÝóÇÐö ÇáúÞõÏúÑóÉö ÇáúãõÓóãøóì ÈöÇáÊøóÚóáøõÞö ÇáÊøóÓúÎöíÑöíøö ÚöäúÏó ÊóÚóáøõÞö ÇáúÅöÑóÇÏóÉö ÇáÊøóäúÌöíÒöíøö ÃóíúÖðÇ ÝóÇáúÃóãúÑõ åõäóÇ ãöäú Ðóáößó¡ æóåõæó ÊóÕúÑöíÝõ äöÙóÇãö
ÇáúãóæúÌõæÏóÇÊö ßõáøöåóÇ.
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ÇáøóÐöí ÎóáóÞó ÇáÓøóãÇæÇÊö æóÇáúÃóÑúÖó áöÅöÝóÇÏóÉö ÊóÚúãöíãö ÇáúÎóáúÞö. æóÇáÊøóÞúÏöíÑõ: áöãóÇ ÐõßöÑó ÂäöÝðÇ æóáöÛóíúÑöåö.
ÝóÇáúÎóáúÞõ: ÅöíÌóÇÏõ ÇáúãóæúÌõæÏóÇÊö¡ æóÇáúÃóãúÑõ ÊóÓúÎöíÑõåóÇ áöáúÚóãóáö ÇáøóÐöí ÎõáöÞóÊú áöÃóÌúáöåö.
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ÇÏúÚõæÇ ÑóÈøóßõãú ÊóÖóÑøõÚðÇ æóÎõÝúíóÉð Åöäøóåõ áóÇ íõÍöÈøõ ÇáúãõÚúÊóÏöíäó (55)
Ýóåõæó ãóÞúÕõæÑñ Úóáóì Çáúßóæúäö Ýöí ãõáúßö Çááøóåö ÞóÕúÑðÇ ÇÏøöÚóÇÆöíøðÇ áöÃóäøó áößóËöíÑò ãöäó ÇáúãóæúÌõæÏóÇÊö ÊóÏúÈöíÑó ÃõãõæÑò ßóËöíÑóÉò¡ æóáóßöäú áóãøóÇ ßóÇäó ÇáúãõÏóÈøöÑõ ãóÎúáõæÞðÇ áöáøóåö ÊóÚóÇáóì ßóÇäó ÊóÏúÈöíÑõåõ ÑóÇÌöÚðÇ Åöáóì ÊóÏúÈöíÑö Çááøóåö ßóãóÇ Þöíáó Ýöí ÞöÕóÑö ÌöäúÓö ÇáúÍóãúÏö Ýöí Þóæúáöåö: ÇáúÍóãúÏõ áöáøóåö [ÇáúÝóÇÊöÍóÉ: 2] .
æóÌõãúáóÉõ ÊóÈÇÑóßó Çááøóåõ ÑóÈøõ ÇáúÚÇáóãöíäó ÊóÐúíöíáñ ãõÚúÊóÑöÖóÉñ Èóíúäó ÌõãúáóÉö Åöäøó ÑóÈøóßõãõ Çááøóåõ æóÌõãúáóÉö ÇÏúÚõæÇ ÑóÈøóßõãú ÊóÖóÑøõÚÇð æóÎõÝúíóÉð [ÇáúÃóÚúÑóÇÝ: 55] ÅöÐú ÞóÏú ÊóåóíøóÃó ÇáúãóÞóÇãõ áöáÊøóÐúßöíÑö ÈöÝóÖúáö Çááøóåö Úóáóì ÇáäøóÇÓö¡ æóÈöäóÇÝöÚö ÊóÕóÑøõÝóÇÊöåö¡ ÚóÞöÈó ãóÇ ÃóÌúÑóì ãöäú ÅöÎúÈóÇÑò Úóäú ÚóÙöíãö ÞõÏúÑóÊöåö æóÓöÚóÉö Úöáúãöåö æóÅöÊúÞóÇäö ÕõäúÚöåö.
æóÝöÚúáõ ÊóÈÇÑóßó Ýöí ÕõæÑóÉö ÇÔúÊöÞóÇÞöåö íõÄúÐöäõ ÈöÅöÙúåóÇÑö ÇáúæóÕúÝö Úóáóì ÕóÇÍöÈöåö ÇáúãõÊøóÕöÝö Èöåö ãöËúáõ: ÊóËóÇÞóáó¡ ÃóÙúåóÑó ÇáËøöÞóáó Ýöí ÇáúÚóãóáö¡ æóÊóÚóÇáóáó¡ Ãóíú ÃóÙúåóÑó ÇáúÚöáøóÉó¡ æóÊóÚóÇÙóãó: ÃóÙúåóÑó ÇáúÚóÙóãóÉó¡ æóÞóÏú íõÓúÊóÚúãóáõ ÈöãóÚúäóì ÙõåõæÑö ÇáúÝöÚúáö Úóáóì ÇáúãõÊøóÕöÝö Èöåö ÙõåõæÑðÇ ÈóíøöäðÇ ÍóÊøóì ßóÃóäøó ÕóÇÍöÈóåõ íõÙúåöÑõåõ¡ æóãöäúåõ: ÊóÚÇáóì Çááøóåõ [Çáäøóãúá: 63] Ãóíú ÙóåóÑó Úõáõæøõåõ¡ Ãóíú ÔóÑóÝõåõ Úóáóì ÇáúãóæúÌõæÏóÇÊö ßõáøöåóÇ¡ æóãöäúåõ ÊóÈÇÑóßó Ãóíú ÙóåóÑóÊú ÈóÑóßóÊõåõ.
æóÇáúÈóÑóßóÉõ: ÔöÏøóÉõ ÇáúÎóíúÑö¡ æóÞóÏú ÊóÞóÏøóãó ÇáúßóáóÇãõ ÚóáóíúåóÇ ÚöäúÏó Þóæúáöåö ÊóÚóÇáóì: Åöäøó Ãóæøóáó ÈóíúÊò æõÖöÚó áöáäøóÇÓö áóáøóÐöí ÈöÈóßøóÉó ãõÈÇÑóßÇð Ýöí ÓõæÑóÉö Âáö ÚöãúÑóÇäó [96] ¡ æóÞóæúáöåö: æóåÐÇ ßöÊÇÈñ ÃóäúÒóáúäÇåõ ãõÈÇÑóßñ Ýöí ÓõæÑóÉö ÇáúÃóäúÚóÇãö [92] . ÝóÈóÑóßóÉõ Çááøóåö ÇáúãóæúÕõæÝõ ÈöåóÇ åöíó ãóÌúÏõåõ æóäóÒóÇåóÊõåõ æóÞõÏúÓõåõ¡ æóÐóáößó ÌóÇãöÚñ
ÕöÝóÇÊö ÇáúßóãóÇáö¡ æóãöäú Ðóáößó Ãóäøó áóåõ ÇáúÎóáúÞó æóÇáúÃóãúÑó.
æóÇÊúÈóÇÚõ ÇÓúãö ÇáúÌóáóÇáóÉö ÈöÇáúæóÕúÝö æóåõæó ÑóÈøõ ÇáúÚÇáóãöíäó Ýöí ãóÚúäóì ÇáúÈóíóÇäö áöÇÓúÊöÍúÞóÇÞöåö ÇáúÈóÑóßóÉö æóÇáúãóÌúÏö¡ áöÃóäøóåõ ãõÝöíÖõ ÎóíúÑóÇÊö ÇáúÅöíÌóÇÏö æóÇáúÅöãúÏóÇÏö¡ æóãõÏóÈøöÑõ ÃóÍúæóÇáö ÇáúãóæúÌõæÏóÇÊö¡ ÈöæóÕúÝö ßóæúäöåö ÑóÈøó ÃóäúæóÇÚö ÇáúãóÎúáõæÞóÇÊö¡ æóãóÖóì ÇáúßóáóÇãõ Úóáóì ÇáúÚÇáóãöíäó Ýöí ÓõæÑóÉ ÇáúÝóÇÊöÍóÉ [2] .
[55]
[ÓõæÑóÉ ÇáúÃóÚúÑóÇÝ (7) : ÂíóÉ 55]
ÇÏúÚõæÇ ÑóÈøóßõãú ÊóÖóÑøõÚÇð æóÎõÝúíóÉð Åöäøóåõ áóÇ íõÍöÈøõ ÇáúãõÚúÊóÏöíäó (55)
ÇÓúÊöÆúäóÇÝñ ÌóÇÁó ãõÚúÊóÑöÖðÇ Èóíúäó ÐößúÑö ÏóáóÇÆöáö æóÍúÏóÇäöíøóÉö Çááøóåö ÊóÚóÇáóì ÈöÐößúÑö ÚóÙöíãö ÞõÏúÑóÊöåö Úóáóì Êóßúæöíäö ÃóÔúíóÇÁó áóÇ íõÔóÇÑößõåõ ÛóíúÑõåõ Ýöí ÊóßúæöíäöåóÇ. ÝóÇáúÌõãúáóÉõ ãõÚúÊóÑöÖóÉñ Èóíúäó(8-È/170)
ÌõãúáóÉö íõÛúÔöí Çááøóíúáó ÇáäøóåÇÑó [ÇáúÃóÚúÑóÇÝ: 54] æóÌõãúáóÉö: æóåõæó ÇáøóÐöí íõÑúÓöáõ ÇáÑøöíÇÍó [ÇáúÃóÚúÑóÇÝ: 57] ÌóÑóì åóÐóÇ ÇáöÇÚúÊöÑóÇÖõ Úóáóì ÚóÇÏóÉö ÇáúÞõÑúÂäö Ýöí ÇäÊåÇÒ ÝÑÕ ÊåäøÄ ÇáúÞõáõæÈö áöáÐøößúÑóì. æóÇáúÎöØóÇÈõ Èö ÇÏúÚõæÇ ÎóÇÕøñ ÈöÇáúãõÓúáöãöíäó áöÃóäøóåõ ÊóÚúáöíãñ áöÃóÏóÈö ÏõÚóÇÁö Çááøóåö ÊóÚóÇáóì æóÚöÈóÇÏóÊöåö¡ æóáóíúÓó ÇáúãõÔúÑößõæäó ÈöãõÊóåóíøöÆöíäó áöãöËúáö åóÐóÇ ÇáúÎöØóÇÈö¡ æóåõæó ÊóÞúÑöíÈñ áöáúãõÄúãöäöíäó æóÅöÏúäóÇÁñ áóåõãú æóÊóäúÈöíåñ Úóáóì ÑöÖóì Çááøóåö Úóäúåõãú æóãóÍóÈøóÊöåö¡ æóÔóÇåöÏõåõ Þóæúáõåõ ÈÚÏå:
Åöäøó ÑóÍúãóÊó Çááøóåö ÞóÑöíÈñ ãöäó ÇáúãõÍúÓöäöíäó [ÇáúÃóÚúÑóÇÝ: 56] . æóÇáúÎöØóÇÈõ ãõæóÌøóåñ Åöáóì ÇáúãõÓúáöãöíäó ÈöÞóÑöíäóÉö ÇáÓøöíóÇÞö.
æó (ÇáÏøõÚóÇÁõ) ÍóÞöíÞóÊõåõ ÇáäøöÏóÇÁõ¡ æóíõØúáóÞõ ÃóíúÖðÇ Úóáóì ÇáäøöÏóÇÁö áöØóáóÈò ãõåöãøò¡ æóÇÓúÊõÚúãöáó ãóÌóÇÒðÇ Ýöí ÇáúÚöÈóÇÏóÉö áöÇÔúÊöãóÇáöåóÇ Úóáóì ÇáÏøõÚóÇÁö æóÇáØøóáóÈö ÈöÇáúÞóæúáö Ãóæú ÈöáöÓóÇäö ÇáúÍóÇáö¡ ßóãóÇ Ýöí ÇáÑøõßõæÚö æÇáÓøÌæÏ¡ ãóÚó ãÞÇÑäÊåÇ áöáúÃóÞúæóÇáö æóåõæó ÅöØúáóÇÞñ ßóËöíÑñ Ýöí ÇáúÞõÑúÂäö.
æóÇáÙøóÇåöÑõ Ãóäøó ÇáúãõÑóÇÏó ãöäúåõ åõäóÇ ÇáØøóáóÈõ æóÇáÊøóæóÌøõåõ¡ áöÃóäøó ÇáúãõÓúáöãöíäó ÞóÏú ÚóÈóÏõæÇ Çááøóåó æóÃóÝúÑóÏõæåõ ÈöÇáúÚöÈóÇÏóÉö¡ æóÅöäøóãóÇ Çáúãõåöãøõ ÅöÔúÚóÇÑõåõãú ÈöÇáúÞõÑúÈö ãöäú ÑóÍúãóÉö ÑóÈøöåöãú æóÅöÏúäóÇÁö ãóÞóÇãöåöãú ãöäúåóÇ.
æóÌöíÁó áöÊóÚúÑöíÝö ÇáÑøóÈøö ÈöØóÑöíÞö ÇáúÅöÖóÇÝóÉö Ïõæäó ÖóãöíÑö ÇáúÛóÇÆöÈö¡ ãóÚó æõÌõæÏö ãõÚóÇÏò ÞóÑöíÈò Ýöí Þóæúáöåö: ÊóÈÇÑóßó Çááøóåõ [ÇáúÃóÚúÑóÇÝ: 54] æóÏõæäó ÖóãöíÑö ÇáúãõÊóßóáøöãö¡ áöÃóäøó Ýöí áóÝúÙö ÇáÑøóÈøö ÅöÔúÚóÇÑðÇ ÈöÊóÞúÑöíÈö ÇáúãõÄúãöäöíäó ÈöÕöáóÉö ÇáúãóÑúÈõæÈöíøóÉö¡ æóáöíóÊóæóÓøóáó ÈöÅöÖóÇÝóÉö ÇáÑøóÈøö Åöáóì ÖóãöíÑö ÇáúãõÎóÇØóÈöíäó Åöáóì ÊóÔúÑöíÝö ÇáúãõÄúãöäöíäó æóÚöäóÇíóÉö ÇáÑøóÈøö Èöåöãú ßóÞóæúáöåö: Èóáö Çááøóåõ ãóæúáÇßõãú [Âá ÚãÑóÇä: 150] .
æóÇáÊøóÖóÑøõÚõ: ÅöÙúåóÇÑõ ÇáÊøóÐóáøõáö ÈöåóíúÆóÉò ÎóÇÕøóÉò¡ æóíõØúáóÞõ ÇáÊøóÖóÑøõÚõ Úóáóì ÇáúÌóåúÑö ÈöÇáÏøõÚóÇÁö áöÃóäøó ÇáúÌóåúÑó ãöäú åóíúÆóÉö ÇáÊøóÖóÑøõÚö¡ áöÃóäøóåõ ÊóÐóáøõáñ ÌóåúÑöíøñ¡ æóÞóÏú ÝõÓøöÑó Ýöí åóÐöåö ÇáúÂíóÉö æóÝöí Þóæúáöåö Ýöí ÇáúÃóäúÚóÇãö [63] :
ÊóÏúÚõæäóåõ ÊóÖóÑøõÚÇð æóÎõÝúíóÉð ÈöÇáúÌóåúÑö ÈöÇáÏøõÚóÇÁö¡ æóåõæó ÇáøóÐöí äóÎúÊóÇÑõåõ áöÃóäøóåõ ÃóäúÓóÈõ ÈöãõÞóÇÈóáóÊöåö ÈöÇáúÎõÝúíóÉö¡
Ýóíóßõæäõ ÃõÓúáõæÈõåõ æóÝúÞðÇ áöÃõÓúáõæÈö äóÙöíÑöåö Ýöí Þóæúáöåö ÇÏúÚõæåõ ÎóæúÝÇð æóØóãóÚÇð [ÇáúÃóÚúÑóÇÝ: 56] æóÊóßõæäõ¡ ÇáúæóÇæõ áöáÊøóÞúÓöíãö ÈöãóäúÒöáóÉö (Ãóæú) æóÞóÏú ÞóÇáõæÇ: ÅöäøóåóÇ Ýöíåö ÃóÌúæóÏõ ãöäú (Ãóæú) . æóãöäó ÇáúãõÝóÓøöÑöíäó ãóäú ÃóÈúÞóì ÇáÊøóÖóÑøõÚó Úóáóì ÍóÞöíÞóÊöåö æóåõæó ÇáÊøóÐóáøõáõ¡ Ýóíóßõæäõ ãóÕúÏóÑðÇ ÈöãóÚúäóì ÇáúÍóÇáö¡ Ãóíú ãõÊóÐóáøöáöíäó¡(8-È/171)
Ãóæú ãóÝúÚõæáðÇ ãõØúáóÞðÇ áö ÇÏúÚõæÇ¡ áöÃóäøó ÇáÊøóÐóáøõáó ÈóÚúÖñ ÃóÍúæóÇáö ÇáÏøõÚóÇÁö ÝóßóÃóäøóåõ äóæúÚñ ãöäúåõ¡ æóÌóÚóáõæÇ Þóæúáóåõ:
æóÎõÝúíóÉð ãóÃúãõæÑÇ Èöåö ãóÞúÕõæÏÇ ÈöÐóÇÊöåö¡ Ãóíö ÇÏúÚõæåõ ãõÎúÝöíäó ÏõÚóÇÁóßõãú¡ ÍóÊøóì Ãóæúåóãó ßóáóÇãõ ÈóÚúÖöåöãú Ãóäøó ÇáúÅöÚúáóÇäó ÈöÇáÏøõÚóÇÁö ãóäúåöíøñ Úóäúåõ Ãóæú ÛóíúÑõ ãóËõæÈò Úóáóíúåö¡ æóåóÐóÇ ÎóØóÃñ: ÝÅäø ÇáäøÈíÁ Õóáøóì Çááåõ Úóáóíúåö æóÓóáøóãó ÏóÚóÇ ÚóáóäðÇ ÛóíúÑó ãóÑøóÉò. æóÚóáóì ÇáúãöäúÈóÑö ÈöãóÓúãóÚò ãöäó ÇáäøóÇÓö
æóÞóÇáó: «Çááøóåõãøó ÇÓúÞöäóÇ»
æóÞóÇáó: «Çááøóåõãøó ÍóæóÇáóíúäóÇ æóáóÇ ÚóáóíúäóÇ»
æóÞóÇáó: «Çááøóåõãøó Úóáóíúßó ÈöÞõÑóíúÔò»
ÇáúÍóÏöíËó. æóãóÇ ÑõæöíóÊú ÃóÏúÚöíóÊõåõ ÅöáøóÇ áöÃóäøóåõ ÌóåóÑó ÈöåóÇ íóÓúãóÚõåóÇ ãóäú ÑóæóÇåóÇ¡ ÝóÇáÕøóæóÇÈõ Ãóäøó Þóæúáóåõ: ÊóÖóÑøõÚÇð ÅöÐúäñ ÈöÇáÏøõÚóÇÁö ÈöÇáúÌóåúÑö æóÇáúÅöÎúÝóÇÁö¡ æóÃóãøóÇ ãóÇ æóÑóÏó ãöäó Çáäøóåúíö Úóäö ÇáúÌóåúÑö ÝóÅöäøóãóÇ åõæó Úóäö ÇáúÌóåúÑö ÇáÔøóÏöíÏö ÇáúÎóÇÑöÌö Úóäú ÍóÏøö ÇáúÎõÔõæÚö. æóÞóÑóÃó ÇáúÌõãúåõæÑõ æóÎõÝúíóÉð- ÈöÖóãøö ÇáúÎóÇÁö- æóÞóÑóÃóåõ ÃóÈõæ ÈóßúÑò- ÈößóÓúÑö ÇáúÎóÇÁö- æóÊóÞóÏøóãó Ýöí ÇáúÃóäúÚóÇãö.
æóÌõãúáóÉõ Åöäøóåõ áóÇ íõÍöÈøõ ÇáúãõÚúÊóÏöíäó æóÇÞöÚóÉñ ãóæúÞöÚó ÇáÊøóÚúáöíáö áöáúÃóãúÑö ÈöÇáÏøõÚóÇÁö¡ ÅöÔóÇÑóÉð Åöáóì Ãóäøóåõ ÃóãúÑõ ÊóßúÑöíãò ááúãõÓáãíä íÊÖãøä ÑÖì Çááøóåö Úóäúåõãú¡ æóáóßöäú Óóáóßó Ýöí ÇáÊøóÚúáöíáö ØóÑöíÞó ÅöËúÈóÇÊö ÇáÔøóíúÁö ÈöÅöÈúØóÇáö ÖöÏøöåö¡ ÊóäúÈöíåðÇ Úóáóì ÞóÕúÏö ÇáúÃóãúÑóíúäö æóÅöíÌóÇÒðÇ Ýöí ÇáúßóáóÇãö. æóáößóæúäö ÇáúÌõãúáóÉö æóÇÞöÚóÉð ãóæúÞöÚó ÇáÊøóÚúáöíáö ÇÝúÊõÊöÍóÊú Èö (Åöäøó) ÇáúãõÝöíÏóÉö áöãõÌóÑøóÏö ÇáöÇåúÊöãóÇãö¡ ÈöÞóÑöíäóÉö Îõáõæøö ÇáúãõÎóÇØóÈöíäó Úóäö ÇáÊøóÑóÏøõÏö Ýöí åóÐóÇ ÇáúÎóÈóÑö¡ æóãöäú ÔóÃúäö (Åöäøó) ÅöÐóÇ ÌóÇÁóÊú Úóáóì åóÐóÇ ÇáúæóÌúåö Ãóäú ÊõÝöíÏó ÇáÊøóÚúáöíáó æóÇáÑøóÈúØó¡ æóÊóÞõæãó ãóÞóÇãó ÇáúÝóÇÁö¡ ßóãóÇ äóÈøóåó Úóáóíúåö ÇáÔøóíúÎõ ÚóÈúÏõ ÇáúÞóÇåöÑö.
æóÅöØúáóÇÞõ ÇáúãóÍóÈøóÉö æóÕúÝðÇ áöáøóåö ÊóÚóÇáóì¡ Ýöí åóÐöåö ÇáúÂíóÉö æóäóÍúæöåóÇ¡ ÅöØúáóÇÞñ ãóÌóÇÒöíøñ ãõÑóÇÏñ ÈöåóÇ áóÇÒöãõ ãóÚúäóì ÇáúãóÍóÈøóÉö¡ ÈöäóÇÁð Úóáóì Ãóäøó ÍóÞöíÞóÉó ÇáúãóÍóÈøóÉö ÇäúÝöÚóÇáñ äóÝúÓóÇäöíøñ¡ æóÚöäúÏöí Ýöíåö ÇÍúÊöãóÇáñ¡ ÝóÞóÇáõæÇ: ÃõÑöíÏó áóÇÒöãõ ÇáúãóÍóÈøóÉö¡ Ãóíú Ýöí ÇáúãóÍúÈõæÈö æóÇáúãõÍöÈøö¡ ÝóíóáúÒóãõåóÇ ÇÊøöÕóÇÝõ ÇáúãóÍúÈõæÈö ÈöãóÇ íõÑúÖöí ÇáúãõÍöÈøó áöÊóäúÔóÃó ÇáúãóÍóÈøóÉõ ÇáøóÊöí ÃóÕúáõåóÇ ÇáöÇÓúÊöÍúÓóÇäõ¡ æóíóáúÒóãõåóÇ ÑöÖóì ÇáúãõÍöÈøö Úóäú ãóÍúÈõæÈöåö æóÅöíÕóÇáõ ÇáäøóÝúÚö áóåõ. æóåóÐóÇäö ÇááøóÇÒöãóÇäö ãõÊóáóÇÒöãóÇäö Ýöí ÃóäúÝõÓöåöãóÇ. ÝóÅöØúáóÇÞõ ÇáúãóÍóÈøóÉö æóÕúÝðÇ áöáøóåö ãóÌóÇÒñ ÈöåóÐóÇ ÇááøóÇÒöãö ÇáúãõÑóßøóÈö.(8-È/172)
æóáóÇ ÊõÝúÓöÏõæÇ Ýöí ÇáúÃóÑúÖö ÈóÚúÏó ÅöÕúáóÇÍöåóÇ æóÇÏúÚõæåõ ÎóæúÝðÇ æóØóãóÚðÇ Åöäøó ÑóÍúãóÊó Çááøóåö ÞóÑöíÈñ ãöäó ÇáúãõÍúÓöäöíäó (56)
æóÇáúãõÑóÇÏõ Èö ÇáúãõÚúÊóÏöíäó: ÇáúãõÔúÑßõæäó¡ áÃäø íõÑóÇÏöÝõ ÇáÙøóÇáöãöíäó.
æóÇáúãóÚúäóì: ÇÏúÚõæÇ ÑóÈøóßõãú áöÃóäøóåõ íõÍöÈøõßõãú æóáóÇ íõÍöÈøõ ÇáúãõÚúÊóÏöíäó¡ ßóÞóæúáöåö: æóÞÇáó ÑóÈøõßõãõ ÇÏúÚõæäöí ÃóÓúÊóÌöÈú áóßõãú Åöäøó ÇáøóÐöíäó íóÓúÊóßúÈöÑõæäó Úóäú ÚöÈÇÏóÊöí ÓóíóÏúÎõáõæäó Ìóåóäøóãó ÏÇÎöÑöíäó [ÛóÇÝöÑ: 60] ÊóÚúÑöíÖñ
ÈöÇáúæóÚúÏö ÈöÅöÌóÇÈóÉö ÏõÚóÇÁö ÇáúãõÄúãöäöíäó æóÃóäøóåõ áóÇ íóÓúÊóÌöíÈõ ÏõÚóÇÁó ÇáúßóÇÝöÑöíäó¡ ÞóÇáó ÊóÚóÇáóì: æóãÇ ÏõÚÇÁõ ÇáúßÇÝöÑöíäó ÅöáøóÇ Ýöí ÖóáÇáò [ÇáÑøóÚúÏ: 14] Úóáóì ÃóÍóÏö ÊóÃúæöíáóíúäö ÝöíåóÇ. æóÍóãóáó ÈóÚúÖõ ÇáúãõÝóÓøöÑöíäó ÇáÊøóÖóÑøõÚó Úóáóì ÇáúÎõÖõæÚö¡ ÝóÌóÚóáõæÇ ÇáúÂíóÉó ãóÞúÕõæÑóÉð Úóáóì ØóáóÈö ÇáÏøõÚóÇÁö ÇáúÎóÝöíøö ÍóÊøóì ÈóÇáóÛó ÈóÚúÖõåõãú ÝóÌóÚóáó ÇáúÌóåúÑó ÈöÇáÏøõÚóÇÁö ãóäúåöíøðÇ Úóäúåõ¡ æóÊóÌóÇæóÒó ÈóÚúÖõåõãú ÝóÌóÚóáó Þóæúáóåõ: Åöäøóåõ áóÇ íõÍöÈøõ ÇáúãõÚúÊóÏöíäó ÊóÃúßöíÏðÇ áöãóÚúäóì ÇáúÃóãúÑö ÈöÅöÎúÝóÇÁö ÇáÏøõÚóÇÁö¡ æóÌóÚóáó ÇáúÌóåúÑó ÈöÇáÏøõÚóÇÁö ãöäó ÇáöÇÚúÊöÏóÇÁö æóÇáúÌóÇåöÑöíäó Èöåö ãöäó ÇáúãõÚúÊóÏöíäó ÇáøóÐöíäó áóÇ íõÍöÈøõåõãõ Çááøóåõ. æóäõÞöáó Ðóáößó Úóäö ÇÈúäö ÌõÑóíúÌò¡ æóÃóÍúÓóÈõ Ãóäøóåõ äóÞúáñ Úóäúåõ ÛóíúÑõ ãóÖúÈõæØö ÇáúÚöÈóÇÑóÉö¡ ßóíúÝó æóÞóÏú ÏóÚóÇ ÑóÓõæá Çááå Õóáøóì Çááåõ Úóáóíúåö æóÓóáøóãó ÌóåúÑðÇ æÏÚÇ ÃóÕúÍóÇÈå.
[56]
[ÓõæÑóÉ ÇáúÃóÚúÑóÇÝ (7) : ÂíóÉ 56]
æóáÇ ÊõÝúÓöÏõæÇ Ýöí ÇáúÃóÑúÖö ÈóÚúÏó ÅöÕúáÇÍöåÇ æóÇÏúÚõæåõ ÎóæúÝÇð æóØóãóÚÇð Åöäøó ÑóÍúãóÊó Çááøóåö ÞóÑöíÈñ ãöäó ÇáúãõÍúÓöäöíäó (56)
æóáÇ ÊõÝúÓöÏõæÇ Ýöí ÇáúÃóÑúÖö ÈóÚúÏó ÅöÕúáÇÍöåÇ.
ÚõØöÝó Çáäøóåúíõ Úóäö ÇáúÝóÓóÇÏö Ýöí ÇáúÃóÑúÖö Úóáóì ÌõãúáóÉö Åöäøóåõ áóÇ íõÍöÈøõ ÇáúãõÚúÊóÏöíäó [ÇáúÃóÚúÑóÇÝ: 55] ÚóØúÝðÇ Úóáóì ØóÑöíÞóÉö ÇáöÇÚúÊöÑóÇÖö¡ ÝóÅöäøó ÇáúßóáóÇãó áóãøóÇ ÃóäúÈóÃó Úóäú ÚöäóÇíóÉö Çááøóåö ÈöÇáúãõÓúáöãöíäó æóÊóÞúÑöíÈöåö ÅöíøóÇåõãú ÅöÐú ÃóãóÑóåõãú ÈöÃóäú íóÏúÚõæóåõ æóÔóÑøóÝóåõãú ÈöÐóáößó ÇáúÚõäúæóÇäö ÇáúÚóÙöíãö Ýöí Þóæúáå: ÑóÈøóßõãú [ÇáúÃóÚúÑóÇÝ: 55] ¡ æóÚóÑøóÖó áóåõãú ÈöãóÍóÈøóÊöåö ÅöíøóÇåõãú Ïõæäó ÃóÚúÏóÇÆöåöãõ ÇáúãõÚúÊóÏöíäó¡ ÃóÚúÞóÈóåõ ÈöãóÇ íóÍõæáõ Èóíúäóåõãú æóÈóíúäó ÇáúÅöÏúáóÇáö Úóáóì Çááøóåö ÈöÇáöÇÓúÊöÑúÓóÇáö ÝöíãóÇ Êõãúáöíåö Úóáóíúåöãú ÔóåóæóÇÊõåõãú ãöäú ËóæóÑóÇäö ÇáúÞõæøóÊóíúäö ÇáÔøóåúæöíøóÉö æóÇáúÛóÖóÈöíøóÉö¡ ÝóÅöäøóåõãóÇ ÊóÌúäöíóÇäö ÝóÓóÇÏðÇ Ýöí ÇáúÛóÇáöÈö¡ ÝóÐóßøóÑóåõãú ÈöÊóÑúßö ÇáúÅöÝúÓóÇÏö áöíóßõæäó ÕóáóÇÍõåõãú ãõäóÒøóåðÇ Úóäú Ãóäú íõÎóÇáöØóåõ ÝóÓóÇÏñ¡ ÝóÅöäøóåõãú Åöäú ÃóÝúÓóÏõæÇ Ýöí ÇáúÃóÑúÖö ÃóÝúÓóÏõæÇ ãóÎúáõæÞóÇÊò ßóËöíÑóÉð æóÃóÝúÓóÏõæÇ ÃóäúÝõÓóåõãú Ýöí Ööãúäö Ðóáößó ÇáúÅöÝúÓóÇÏö¡ ÝóÃóÔúÈóåó ãóæúÞöÚó ÇáöÇÍúÊöÑóÇÓö¡ æóßóÐóáößó ÏóÃúÈõ ÇáúÞõÑúÂäö Ãóäú íõÚóÞøöÈó ÇáÊøóÑúÛöíÈó ÈöÇáÊøóÑúåöíÈö¡ æóÈöÇáúÚóßúÓö¡ áöÆóáøóÇ íóÞóÚó ÇáäøóÇÓõ Ýöí ÇáúíóÃúÓö Ãóæö ÇáúÃóãúäö.
æóÇáöÇåúÊöãóÇãõ ÈöÏóÑúÁö ÇáúÝóÓóÇÏö ßóÇäó ãóÞóÇãðÇ åõäóÇ ãõÞúÊóÖöíðÇ ÇáÊøóÚúÌöíáó ÈöåóÐóÇ Çáäøóåúíö ãõÚúÊóÑöÖðÇ Èóíúäó ÌõãúáóÊóíö ÇáúÃóãúÑö ÈöÇáÏøõÚóÇÁö.(8-È/173)
æóÝöí ÅöíÞóÇÚö åóÐóÇ Çáäøóåúíö ÚóÞöÈó Þóæúáöåö Åöäøóåõ áóÇ íõÍöÈøõ ÇáúãõÚúÊóÏöíäó [ÇáúÃóÚúÑóÇÝ: 55] ÊóÚúÑöíÖñ ÈöÃóäøó ÇáúãõÚúÊóÏöíäó æóåõãõ ÇáúãõÔúÑößõæäó ãõÝúÓöÏõæäó Ýöí ÇáúÃóÑúÖö¡ æóÅöÑúÈóÇÁñ áöáúãõÓúáöãöíäó Úóäú ãõÔóÇÈöåóÊöåöãú¡ Ãóíú áóÇ íóáöíÞõ Èößõãú æóÃóäúÊõãõ ÇáúãõÞóÑøóÈõæäó ãöäú ÑóÈøößõãú¡ ÇáúãóÃúÐõæäõ áóßõãú ÈöÏõÚóÇÆöåö¡ Ãóäú ÊóßõæäõæÇ ãöËúáó ÇáúãõÈúÚóÏöíäó ãöäúåõ ÇáúãõÈúÛóÖöíäó.
æóÇáúÅöÝúÓóÇÏõ Ýöí ÇáúÃóÑúÖö æóÇáúÅöÕúáóÇÍõ ÊóÞóÏøóãó ÇáúßóáóÇãõ ÚóáóíúåöãóÇ ÚöäúÏó Þóæúáöåö ÊóÚóÇáóì: æóÅöÐÇ Þöíáó áóåõãú
áóÇ ÊõÝúÓöÏõæÇ Ýöí ÇáúÃóÑúÖö ÞÇáõæÇ ÅöäøóãÇ äóÍúäõ ãõÕúáöÍõæäó
Ýöí ÓõæÑóÉö ÇáúÈóÞóÑóÉö [11] ¡ æóÈóíøóäøóÇ åõäóÇáößó ÃõÕõæáó ÇáúÝóÓóÇÏö æóÍóÞóÇÆöÞó ÇáúÅöÕúáóÇÍö¡ æóãóÑøó åõäóÇáößó ÇáúÞóæúáõ Ýöí ÍóÐúÝö ãóÝúÚõæáö ÊõÝúÓöÏõæÇ ãöãøóÇ åõæó äóÙöíÑõ ãóÇ åõäóÇ.
æÇáúÃóÑúÖö åõäóÇ åöíó ÇáúÌöÓúãõ ÇáúßõÑóæöíøõ ÇáúãõÚóÈøóÑõ Úóäúåõ ÈöÇáÏøõäúíóÇ.
æóÇáúÅöÝúÓóÇÏõ Ýöí ßõáøö ÌõÒúÁò ãöäó ÇáúÃóÑúÖö åõæó ÅöÝúÓóÇÏñ áöãóÌúãõæÚö ÇáúÃóÑúÖö¡ æóÞóÏú íóßõæäõ ÈóÚúÖõ ÇáúÅöÝúÓóÇÏö ãõÄóÏøöíðÇ Åöáóì ÕóáóÇÍò ÃóÚúÙóãó ãöãøóÇ ÌóÑøóåõ ÇáúÅöÝúÓóÇÏõ ãöäó ÇáúãóÖóÑøóÉö¡ ÝóíóÊóÑóÌøóÍõ ÇáúÅöÝúÓóÇÏõ ÅöÐóÇ áóãú íõãúßöäú ÊóÍúÕöíáõ ÕóáóÇÍò ÖóÑõæÑöíøò ÅöáøóÇ Èöåö¡ ÝóÞóÏú ÞóØóÚó ÑóÓõæá Çááå Õóáøóì Çááåõ Úóáóíúåö æóÓóáøóãó äóÎúáó Èóäöí ÇáäøóÖöíÑö¡ æóäóåóì ÃóÈõæ ÈóßúÑò ÑóÖöíó Çááøóåõ Úóäúåõ Úóäú ÞóØúÚö ÔóÌóÑö ÇáúÚóÏõæøö¡ áöÇÎúÊöáóÇÝö ÇáúÃóÍúæóÇáö.
æóÇáúÈóÚúÏöíøóÉõ Ýöí Þóæúáöåö: ÈóÚúÏó ÅöÕúáÇÍöåÇ ÈóÚúÏöíøóÉñ ÍóÞöíÞöíøóÉñ¡ áöÃóäøó ÇáúÃóÑúÖó ÎõáöÞóÊú ãöäú Ãóæøóáö ÃóãúÑöåóÇ Úóáóì ÕóáóÇÍò ÞóÇáó Çááøóåõ ÊóÚóÇáóì: æóÌóÚóáó ÝöíåÇ ÑóæÇÓöíó ãöäú ÝóæúÞöåÇ æóÈÇÑóßó ÝöíåÇ æóÞóÏøóÑó ÝöíåÇ ÃóÞúæÇÊóåÇ [ÝÕáÊ: 10] Úóáóì äöÙóÇãò ÕóÇáöÍò ÈöãóÇ ÊóÍúÊóæöí Úóáóíúåö¡ æóÈöÎóÇÕøóÉò ÇáúÅöäúÓóÇäõ ÇáøóÐöí åõæó ÃóÔúÑóÝõ ÇáúãóÎúáõæÞóÇÊö ÇáøóÊöí ÌóÚóáóåóÇ Çááøóåõ Úóáóì ÇáúÃóÑúÖö¡ æóÎóáóÞó áóåõ ãóÇ Ýöí ÇáúÃóÑúÖö¡ æóÚóÒøóÒó Ðóáößó ÇáäøöÙóÇãó ÈöÞóæóÇäöíäó æóÖúÚóåóÇ Çááøóåõ Úóáóì ÃóáúÓöäóÉö ÇáúãõÑúÓóáöíäó æóÇáÕøóÇáöÍöíäó æóÇáúÍõßóãóÇÁö ãöäú ÚöÈóÇÏöåö¡ ÇáøóÐöíäó ÃóíøóÏóåõãú ÈöÇáúæóÍúíö æóÇáúÎöØóÇÈö ÇáúÅöáóåöíøö¡ Ãóæú ÈöÇáúÅöáúåóÇãö æóÇáÊøóæúÝöíÞö æóÇáúÍößúãóÉö¡ ÝóÚóáøóãõæÇ ÇáäøóÇÓó ßóíúÝó íóÓúÊóÚúãöáõæäó ãóÇ Ýöí ÇáúÃóÑúÖö Úóáóì äöÙóÇãò íóÍúÕõáõ Èöåö ÇáöÇäúÊöÝóÇÚõ ÈöäóÝúÚö ÇáäøóÇÝöÚö æóÅöÒóÇáóÉö ãóÇ Ýöí ÈÚÖ ÇáäøóÇÝöÚö ãöäó ÇáÖøõÑøö æóÊóÌóäøõÈö ÖõÑøö ÇáÖøóÇÑøö¡ ÝóÐóáößó ÇáäøöÙóÇãõ ÇáúÃóÕúáöíøõ¡ æóÇáúÞóÇäõæäõ ÇáúãõÚóÒøöÒõ áóåõ¡ ßöáóÇåõãóÇ(8-È/174)
ÅöÕúáóÇÍñ Ýöí ÇáúÃóÑúÖö¡ áöÃóäøó ÇáúÃóæøóáó ÅöíÌóÇÏõ ÇáÔøóíúÁö ÕóÇáöÍðÇ¡ æóÇáóËóÇäöí ÌóÚúáõ ÇáÖøóÇÑøö ÕóÇáöÍðÇ ÈöÇáÊøóåúÐöíÈö Ãóæú ÈöÇáúÅöÒóÇáóÉö¡ æóÞóÏú ãóÖóì Ýöí Þóæúáöåö ÊóÚóÇáóì: æóÅöÐÇ Þöíáó áóåõãú áóÇ ÊõÝúÓöÏõæÇ Ýöí ÇáúÃóÑúÖö ÞÇáõæÇ ÅöäøóãÇ äóÍúäõ ãõÕúáöÍõæäó Ýöí ÓõæÑóÉö ÇáúÈóÞóÑóÉö [11] ¡ Ãóäøó ÇáúÅöÕúáóÇÍó ãóæúÖõæÚñ áöáúÞóÏúÑö ÇáúãõÔúÊóÑóßö Èóíúäó ÅöíÌóÇÏö ÇáÔøóíúÁö ÕóÇáöÍðÇ æóÈóíúäó ÌóÚúáö ÇáúÝóÇÓöÏö ÕóÇáöÍðÇ. ÝóÇáúÅöÕúáóÇÍõ åõäóÇ ãóÕúÏóÑñ Ýöí ãóÚúäóì ÇáöÇÓúãö ÇáúÌóÇãöÏö¡ æóáóíúÓó Ýöí ãóÚúäóì ÇáúÝöÚúáö¡ áöÃóäøóåõ ÃõÑöíÏó Èöåö ÅöÕúáóÇÍñ ÍóÇÕöáñ ËóÇÈöÊñ Ýöí ÇáúÃóÑúÖö áóÇ ÅöÕúáóÇÍñ åõæó ÈöÕóÏóÏö ÇáúÍõÕõæáö¡ ÝóÅöÐóÇ ÛõíøöÑó Ðóáößó ÇáäøöÙóÇãõ ÝóÃõÝúÓöÏó ÇáÕøóÇáöÍõ¡ æóÇÓúÊõÚúãöáó ÇáÖøóÇÑøõ Úóáóì ÖõÑøöåö¡ Ãóæö ÇÓúÊõÈöÞöíó ãóÚó ÅöãúßóÇäö ÅöÒóÇáóÊöåö¡ ßóÇäó ÅöÝúÓóÇÏðÇ ÈóÚúÏó ÅöÕúáóÇÍò¡ ßóãóÇ ÃóÔóÇÑó Åöáóíúåö Þóæúáõåõ ÊóÚóÇáóì: æóÇáøóÐöíäó ßóÝóÑõæÇ ÈóÚúÖõåõãú ÃóæúáöíÇÁõ ÈóÚúÖò ÅöáøóÇ ÊóÝúÚóáõæåõ Êóßõäú ÝöÊúäóÉñ Ýöí ÇáúÃóÑúÖö æóÝóÓÇÏñ ßóÈöíÑñ [ÇáúÃóäúÝóÇá: 73] .
æóÇáÊøóÕúÑöíÍõ ÈöÇáúÈóÚúÏöíøóÉö åõäóÇ ÊóÓúÌöíáñ áöÝóÙóÇÚóÉö ÇáúÅöÝúÓóÇÏö ÈöÃóäøóåõ ÅöÝúÓóÇÏñ áöãóÇ åõæó ÍóÓóäñ æóäóÇÝöÚñ¡ ÝóáóÇ ãóÚúÐöÑóÉó áöÝóÇÚöáöåö æóáóÇ ãóÓóÇÛó áöÝöÚúáöåö ÚöäúÏó Ãóåúáö ÇáúÃóÑúÖö.
æóÇÏúÚõæåõ ÎóæúÝÇð æóØóãóÚÇð Åöäøó ÑóÍúãóÊó Çááøóåö ÞóÑöíÈñ ãöäó ÇáúãõÍúÓöäöíäó.
ÚóæúÏñ Åöáóì ÃóãúÑö ÇáÏøõÚóÇÁö áöÃóäøó ãóÇ ÞóÈúáóåõ ãöäó Çáäøóåúíö Úóäö ÇáúÅöÝúÓóÇÏö ÃóÔúÈóåó ÇáöÇÍúÊöÑóÇÓó ÇáúãõÚúÊóÑöÖó Èóíúäó ÃóÌúÒóÇÁö ÇáúßóáóÇãö¡ æóÃõÚöíÏó ÇáúÃóãúÑõ ÈöÇáÏøõÚóÇÁö áöíõÈúäóì Úóáóíúåö Þóæúáõåõ: ÎóæúÝÇð æóØóãóÚÇð ÞóÕúÏðÇ áöÊóÚúáöíãö ÇáúÈóÇÚöËö Úóáóì ÇáÏøõÚóÇÁö ÈóÚúÏó Ãóäú ÚóáöãõæÇ ßóíúÝöíøóÊóåõ¡ æóåóÐóÇ ÇáúÈóÇÚöËõ ÊóäúØóæöí ÊóÍúÊóåõ ÃóÛúÑóÇÖõ ÇáÏøõÚóÇÁö æóÃóäúæóÇÚõåõ¡ ÝóáóÇ ÅöÔúßóÇáó Ýöí ÚóØúÝö ÇáúÃóãúÑö ÈöÇáÏøõÚóÇÁö Úóáóì ãöËúáöåö áöÃóäøóåõãóÇ ãõÎúÊóáöÝóÇäö ÈöÇÎúÊöáóÇÝö ãõÊóÚóáøóÞóÇÊöåöãóÇ.
æóÇáúÎóæúÝõ ÊóÞóÏøóãó ÚöäúÏó Þóæúáöåö ÊóÚóÇáóì: ÅöáøóÇ Ãóäú íóÎÇÝÇ ÃóáøóÇ íõÞöíãÇ ÍõÏõæÏó Çááøóåö [ÇáúÈóÞóÑóÉ: 229] .
æóÇáØøóãóÚõ ÊóÞóÏøóãó Ýöí Þóæúáöåö: ÃóÝóÊóØúãóÚõæäó Ãóäú íõÄúãöäõæÇ áóßõãú Ýöí ÓõæÑóÉö ÇáúÈóÞóÑóÉö [75] .
æóÇäúÊöÕóÇÈõ ÎóæúÝÇð æóØóãóÚÇð åõäóÇ Úóáóì ÇáúãóÝúÚõæáö áöÃóÌúáöåö¡ Ãóíú Ãóäøó ÇáÏøõÚóÇÁó íóßõæäõ áöÃóÌúáö ÎóæúÝò ãöäúåõ æóØóãóÚò Ýöíåö¡ ÝóÍõÐöÝó ãõÊóÚóáøöÞõ ÇáúÎóæúÝö æóÇáØøóãóÚö áöÏóáóÇáóÉö ÇáÖøóãöíÑö ÇáúãóäúÕõæÈö Ýöí ÇÏúÚõæåõ.(8-È/175)
æóÇáúæóÇæõ áöáÊøóÞúÓöíãö áöáÏøõÚóÇÁö ÈöÃóäøóåõ íóßõæäõ Úóáóì äóæúÚóíúäö:
ÝóÇáúÎóæúÝõ ãöäú ÛóÖóÈöåö æóÚöÞóÇÈöåö¡ æóÇáØøóãóÚõ Ýöí ÑöÖóÇåõ æóËóæóÇÈöåö¡ æóÇáÏøõÚóÇÁõ áöÃóÌúáö ÇáúÎóæúÝö äóÍúæó ÇáÏøõÚóÇÁö ÈöÇáúãóÛúÝöÑóÉö¡ æóÇáÏøõÚóÇÁõ áöÃóÌóáö ÇáØøóãóÚö äóÍúæó ÇáÏøõÚóÇÁö ÈöÇáÊøóæúÝöíÞö æóÈöÇáÑøóÍúãóÉö. æóáóíúÓó ÇáúãõÑóÇÏõ Ãóäøó ÇáÏøõÚóÇÁó íóÔúÊóãöáõ Úóáóì ÎóæúÝò æóØóãóÚò Ýöí ÐóÇÊöåö ßóãóÇ ÝóÓøóÑó Èöåö ÇáúÝóÎúÑõ Ýöí ÇáÓøõÄóÇáö ÇáËøóÇáöËö áöÃóäøó Ðóáößó æóÅöäú ÕóÍøó Ýöí ÇáØøóãóÚö áóÇ íóÕöÍøõ Ýöí ÇáúÎóæúÝö ÅöáøóÇ ÈöÓóãóÇÌóÉò. æóÝöí ÇáúÃóãúÑö ÈöÇáÏøõÚóÇÁö ÎóæúÝðÇ æóØóãóÚðÇ Ïóáöíáñ Úóáóì Ãóäøó ãöäú ÍõÙõæÙö ÇáúãõßóáøóÝöíäó Ýöí ÃóÚúãóÇáöåöãú ãõÑóÇÚóÇÉó ÌóÇäöÈö ÇáúÎóæúÝö ãöäú ÚöÞóÇÈö Çááøóåö æóÇáØøóãóÚö Ýöí ËóæóÇÈöåö¡ æóåóÐóÇ ãöãøóÇ ØóÝóÍóÊú Èöåö ÃóÏöáøóÉõ ÇáúßöÊóÇÈö æóÇáÓøõäøóÉö¡ æóÞóÏú ÃóÊóì ÇáúÝóÎúÑõ Ýöí ÇáÓøõÄóÇáö ÇáËøóÇäöí Ýöí ÊóÝúÓöíÑö ÇáúÂíóÉö ÈößóáóÇãò ÛóíúÑö ãõáóÇÞò áöáúãóÚúÑõæÝö ÚöäúÏó ÚõáóãóÇÁö ÇáúÃõãøóÉö¡ æóäóÒóÚó Èöåö äóÒúÚóÉó ÇáúãõÊóÕóæøöÝóÉö ÇáúÛõáóÇÉö. æóÊóÚóÞøõÈõåõ íóØõæáõ¡ ÝóÏõæäóßó ÝóÇäúÙõÑúåõ Åöäú ÔöÆúÊó.
æóÞóÏú Ôóãöáó ÇáúÎóæúÝõ æóÇáØøóãóÚõ ÌóãöíÚó ãóÇ ÊóÊóÚóáøóÞõ Èöåö ÃóÛúÑóÇÖõ ÇáúãõÓúáöãöíäó äóÍúæó ÑóÈøöåöãú Ýöí ÚóÇÌöáöåöãú æóÂÌöáöåöãú¡ áöíóÏúÚõæÇ Çááøóåó ÈöÃóäú íõíóÓøöÑó áóåõãú ÃóÓúÈóÇÈó ÍõÕõæáö ãóÇ íóØúãóÚõæäó¡ æóÃóäú íõÌóäøöÈóåõãú ÃóÓúÈóÇÈó ÍõÕõæáö ãóÇ íóÎóÇÝõæäó. æóåóÐóÇ íóÞúÊóÖöí ÊóæóÌøõåó åöãøóÊöåöãú Åöáóì ÇÌúÊöäóÇÈö ÇáúãóäúåöíøóÇÊö áöÃóÌúáö ÎóæúÝöåöãú ãöäó ÇáúÚöÞóÇÈö¡ æóÅöáóì ÇãúÊöËóÇáö ÇáúãóÃúãõæÑóÇÊö áöÃóÌúáö ÇáØøóãóÚö Ýöí ÇáËøóæóÇÈö¡ ÝóáóÇ ÌóÑóãó Ãóäøóåõ ÇÞúÊóÖóì ÇáúÃóãúÑó ÈöÇáúÅöÍúÓóÇäö¡ æóåõæó Ãóäú íóÚúÈõÏõæÇ Çááøóåó ÚöÈóÇÏóÉó ãóäú åõæó ÍóÇÖöÑñ Èóíúäó íóÏóíúåö ÝóíóÓúÊóÍúíöí ãöäú Ãóäú íóÚúÕöíóåõ¡ ÝóÇáÊøóÞúÏöíÑõ: æóÇÏúÚõæåõ ÎóæúÝðÇ æóØóãóÚðÇ æóÃóÍúÓöäõæÇ ÈöÞóÑöíäóÉö ÊóÚúÞöíÈöåö ÈÞæáå: Åöäøó ÑóÍúãóÊó Çááøóåö ÞóÑöíÈñ ãöäó ÇáúãõÍúÓöäöíäó. æóåóÐóÇ ÅöíÌóÇÒñ.
æóÌõãúáóÉ: Åöäøó ÑóÍúãóÊó Çááøóåö ÞóÑöíÈñ ãöäó ÇáúãõÍúÓöäöíäó æóÇÞöÚóÉñ ãóæúÞöÚó ÇáÊøóÝúÑöíÚö Úóáóì ÌõãúáóÉö æóÇÏúÚõæåõ¡ ÝóáöÐóáößó ÞõÑöäóÊú Èö Åöäøó ÇáÏøóÇáøóÉó Úóáóì ÇáÊøóæúßöíÏö¡ æóåõæó áöãõÌóÑøóÏö ÇáöÇåúÊöãóÇãö ÈöÇáúÎóÈóÑö¡ ÅöÐú áóíúÓó ÇáúãõÎóÇØóÈõæäó ÈöãõÊóÑóÏøöÏöíäó Ýöí ãóÖúãõæäö ÇáúÎóÈóÑö¡ æóãöäú ÔóÃúäö (Åöäøó) ÅöÐóÇ ÌóÇÁóÊú Úóáóì åóÐóÇ ÇáúæóÌúåö Ãóäú ÊõÝöíÏó ÇáÊøóÚúáöíáó æóÑóÈúØó ãóÖúãõæäö ÌõãúáóÊöåóÇ ÈöãóÖúãõæäö ÇáúÌõãúáóÉö ÇáøóÊöí ÞóÈúáóåóÇ¡ ÝóÊõÛúäöí Úóäú ÝóÇÁö ÇáÊøóÝúÑöíÚö¡ æóáöÐóáößó ÝõÕöáóÊö ÇáúÌõãúáóÉõ Úóäö ÇáøóÊöí ÞóÈúáóåóÇ Ýóáóãú ÊõÚúØóÝú áöÅöÛúäóÇÁö (Åöäøó) Úóäö ÇáúÚóÇØöÝö.(8-È/176)
æÑóÍúãóÉö Çááøóåö: ÅÍÓÇäå æÅíÊÇÄå ÇáúÎóÈóÑ.
æóÇáúÞõÑúÈõ ÍóÞöíÞóÊõåõ Ïõäõæøõ ÇáúãóßóÇäö æóÊóÌóÇæõÑõåõ¡ æóíõØúáóÞõ Úóáóì ÇáÑøóÌóÇÁö ãóÌóÇÒðÇ íõÞóÇáõ: åóÐóÇ ÞóÑöíÈñ¡ Ãóíú ãõãúßöäñ ãóÑúÌõæøñ¡ æóãöäúåõ Þóæúáõåõ: Åöäøóåõãú íóÑóæúäóåõ ÈóÚöíÏÇð æóäóÑÇåõ ÞóÑöíÈÇð [ÇáãÚÇÑÌ: 6¡ 7] ÝóÅöäøóåõãú ßóÇäõæÇ íõäúßöÑõæäó ÇáúÍóÔúÑó æóåõæó ÚöäúÏõ Çááøóåö æóÇÞöÚñ áóÇ ãóÍóÇáóÉó¡ ÝóÇáúÞóÑöíÈõ åõäóÇ ÈöãóÚúäóì ÇáúãóÑúÌõæøö ÇáúÍõÕõæáö æóáóíúÓó ÈöÞõÑúÈö ãóßóÇäò. æóÏóáøó Þóæúáõåõ ÞóÑöíÈñ ãöäó ÇáúãõÍúÓöäöíäó Úóáóì ãõÞóÏøóÑò Ýöí ÇáúßóáóÇãö¡ Ãóíú æóÃóÍúÓöäõæÇ áöÃóäøóåõãú ÅöÐóÇ ÏÚæÇ ÎæÝðÇ æØÚãÇ ÝóÞóÏú ÊóåóíøóÃõæÇ áöäóÈúÐö ãóÇ íõæÌöÈõ ÇáúÎóæúÝó¡ æóÇßúÊöÓóÇÈö ãóÇ íõæÌöÈõ ÇáØøóãóÚó¡ áöÆóáøóÇ íóßõæäó ÇáúÎóæúÝõ æóÇáØøóãóÚõ ßóÇÐöÈöíäó¡ áöÃóäøó ãóäú ÎóÇÝó áóÇ íõÞúÏöãõ Úóáóì ÇáúãóÎõæÝö¡ æóãóäú ØóãóÚó áóÇ íóÊúÑõßõ ØóáóÈó ÇáúãóØúãõæÚö¡ æóíóÊóÍóÞøóÞõ Ðóáößó ÈöÇáúÅöÍúÓóÇäö Ýöí ÇáúÚóãóáö æóíóáúÒóãõ ãöäó ÇáúÅöÍúÓóÇäö ÊóÑúßõ ÇáÓøóíøöÆóÇÊö¡ ÝóáóÇ ÌóÑóãó Êóßõæäõ ÑóÍúãóÉõ Çááøóåö ÞóÑöíÈðÇ ãöäúåõãú¡ æóÓóßóÊó Úóäú ÖöÏøö ÇáúãõÍúÓöäöíäó ÑöÝúÞðÇ ÈöÇáúãõÄúãöäöíäó æóÊóÚúÑöíÖðÇ ÈöÃóäøóåõãú áóÇ íóÙõäøõ Èöåöãú Ãóäú íõÓöíÆõæÇ ÝóÊóÈúÚõÏõ ÇáÑøóÍúãóÉõ Úóäúåõãú.
æóÚóÏóãõ áöÍóÇÞö ÚóáóÇãóÉö ÇáÊøóÃúäöíËö áöæóÕúÝö ÞóÑöíÈñ ãóÚó Ãóäøó ãóæúÕõæÝóåõ ãõÄóäøóËõ ÇááøóÝúÙö¡ æóÌøóåóåõ ÚõáóãóÇÁõ ÇáúÚóÑóÈöíøóÉö ÈöæõÌõæåò ßóËöíÑóÉ¡ æóÃóÔóÇÑó ÅöáóíúåóÇ Ýöí «ÇáúßóÔøóÇÝö» .
æóÌõáøõåóÇ íóÍõæãõ Íóæúáó ÊóÃúæöíáö ÇáöÇÓúãö ÇáúãõÄóäøóËö ÈöãóÇ íõÑóÇÏöÝõåõ ãöäö ÇÓúãò ãõÐóßøóÑò¡ Ãóæö ÇáöÇÚúÊöÐóÇÑö ÈöÃóäøó ÈóÚúÖó ÇáúãóæúÕõæÝö Èöåö ÛóíúÑõ ÍóÞöíÞöíøò ÇáÊøóÃúäöíËö ßóãóÇ åõäóÇ¡ æóÃóÍúÓóäõåóÇ- ÚöäúÏöí- Þóæúáõ ÇáúÝóÑøóÇÁö æóÃóÈöí ÚõÈóíúÏóÉó: Ãóäøó ÞóÑöíÈðÇ Ãóæú ÈóÚöíÏðÇ ÅöÐóÇ ÃõØúáöÞó Úóáóì ÞóÑóÇÈóÉö ÇáäøóÓóÈö Ãóæú ÈõÚúÏö ÇáäøóÓóÈö Ýóåõæó ãóÚó ÇáúãõÄóäøóËö ÈöÊóÇÁò æóáóÇ ÈõÏøó¡ æóÅöÐóÇ ÃõØúáöÞó Úóáóì ÞõÑúÈö ÇáúãóÓóÇÝóÉö Ãóæú ÈõÚúÏöåóÇ ÌóÇÒó Ýöíåö ãõØóÇÈóÞóÉõ ãóæúÕõæÝöåö æóÌóÇÒó Ýöíåö ÇáÊøóÐúßöíÑõ Úóáóì ÇáÊøóÃúæöíáö ÈöÇáúãóßóÇäö¡ æóåõæó ÇáúÃóßúËóÑõ¡ ÞóÇáó Çááøóåõ ÊóÚóÇáóì: æóãÇ åöíó ãöäó ÇáÙøóÇáöãöíäó ÈöÈóÚöíÏò [åæÏ:
83] æóÞóÇáó: æóãÇ íõÏúÑöíßó áóÚóáøó ÇáÓøóÇÚóÉó Êóßõæäõ ÞóÑöíÈÇð [ÇáúÃóÍúÒóÇÈ: 63] . æóáóãøóÇ ßóÇäó ÅöØúáóÇÞõåõ Ýöí åóÐöå ÇáúÂíóÉ Úóáóì æóÌúåö ÇáöÇÓúÊöÚóÇÑóÉö ãöäú ÞõÑúÈö ÇáúãóÓóÇÝóÉö ÌóÑóì Úóáóì ÇáÔøóÇÆöÚö Ýöí ÇÓúÊöÚúãóÇáöåö Ýöí ÇáúãóÚúäóì ÇáúÍóÞöíÞöíøö¡ æóåóÐóÇ ãöäú áóØöíÝö ÇáúÝõÑõæÞö ÇáúÚóÑóÈöíøóÉö Ýöí ÇÓúÊöÚúãóÇáö ÇáúãõÔúÊóÑóßö ÅöÒóÇáóÉð áöáúÅöÈúåóÇãö ÈöÞÏÑ ÇáúÅöãúßóÇä.(8-È/177)
æóåõæó ÇáøóÐöí íõÑúÓöáõ ÇáÑøöíóÇÍó ÈõÔúÑðÇ Èóíúäó íóÏóíú ÑóÍúãóÊöåö ÍóÊøóì ÅöÐóÇ ÃóÞóáøóÊú ÓóÍóÇÈðÇ ËöÞóÇáðÇ ÓõÞúäóÇåõ áöÈóáóÏò ãóíøöÊò ÝóÃóäúÒóáúäóÇ Èöåö ÇáúãóÇÁó ÝóÃóÎúÑóÌúäóÇ Èöåö ãöäú ßõáøö ÇáËøóãóÑóÇÊö ßóÐóáößó äõÎúÑöÌõ ÇáúãóæúÊóì áóÚóáøóßõãú ÊóÐóßøóÑõæäó (57)
[ÓõæÑóÉ ÇáúÃóÚúÑóÇÝ (7) : ÂíóÉ 57]
æóåõæó ÇáøóÐöí íõÑúÓöáõ ÇáÑøöíÇÍó ÈõÔúÑÇð Èóíúäó íóÏóíú ÑóÍúãóÊöåö ÍóÊøóì ÅöÐÇ ÃóÞóáøóÊú ÓóÍÇÈÇð ËöÞÇáÇð ÓõÞúäÇåõ áöÈóáóÏò ãóíøöÊò ÝóÃóäúÒóáúäÇ Èöåö ÇáúãÇÁó ÝóÃóÎúÑóÌúäÇ Èöåö ãöäú ßõáøö ÇáËøóãóÑÇÊö ßóÐáößó äõÎúÑöÌõ ÇáúãóæúÊì áóÚóáøóßõãú ÊóÐóßøóÑõæäó (57)
ÌõãúáóÉõ: æóåõæó ÇáøóÐöí íõÑúÓöáõ ÇáÑøöíÇÍó ÚóØúÝñ Úóáóì ÌõãúáóÉö: íõÛúÔöí Çááøóíúáó ÇáäøóåÇÑó [ÇáúÃóÚúÑóÇÝ: 54] æóÞóÏú ÍóÕóáóÊö ÇáúãõäóÇÓóÈóÉõ Èóíúäó ÂÎöÑö ÇáúÌõãóáö ÇáúãõÚúÊóÑöÖóÉö æóÈóíúäó ÇáúÌõãúáóÉö ÇáúãõÚúÊóÑóÖö ÈóíúäóåóÇ æóÈóíúäó ãóÇ ÚõØöÝóÊú Úóáóíúåö ÈöÃóäøóåõ áóãøóÇ ÐóßóÑó ÞõÑúÈó ÑóÍúãóÊöåö ãöäó ÇáúãõÍúÓöäöíäó ÐóßóÑó ÈóÚúÖðÇ ãöäú ÑóÍúãóÊöåö ÇáúÚóÇãøóÉö æóåõæó ÇáúãóØóÑõ. ÝóÐößúÑõ ÅöÑúÓóÇáö ÇáÑøöíóÇÍö åõæó ÇáúãóÞúÕõæÏõ ÇáúÃóåóãøõ áöÃóäøóåõ Ïóáöíáñ Úóáóì ÚöÙóãö ÇáúÞõÏúÑóÉö æóÇáÊøóÏúÈöíÑö¡ æóáöÐóáößó ÌóÚóáúäóÇåõ ãóÚúØõæÝðÇ Úóáóì ÌõãúáóÉö: íõÛúÔöí Çááøóíúáó ÇáäøóåÇÑó [ÇáúÃóÚúÑóÇÝ: 54] Ãóæú Úóáóì ÌõãúáóÉö: ÃóáÇ áóåõ ÇáúÎóáúÞõ æóÇáúÃóãúÑõ [ÇáúÃóÚúÑóÇÝ: 54] . æóÐößúÑõ ÈóÚúÖö ÇáúÃóÍúæóÇáö ÇáúãõÞóÇÑóäóÉö áöÅöÑúÓóÇáö ÇáÑøöíóÇÍö íóÍúÕõáõ ãöäúåõ ÅöÏúãóÇÌõ ÇáöÇãúÊöäóÇäö Ýöí ÇáöÇÓúÊöÏúáóÇáö æóÐóáößó áóÇ íóÞúÊóÖöí Ãóäøó ÇáÑøöíóÇÍó áóÇ ÊõÑúÓóáõ ÅöáøóÇ áöáÊøóÈúÔöíÑö ÈöÇáúãóØóÑö¡ æóáóÇ Ãóäøó ÇáúãóØóÑó áóÇ íóäúÒöáõ ÅöáøóÇ ÚóÞöÈó ÅöÑúÓóÇáö ÇáÑøöíóÇÍö¡ ÅöÐú áóíúÓó ÇáúãóÞúÕõæÏõ ÊóÚúáöíãó ÍóæóÇÏöËö ÇáúÌóæøö¡ æóÅöÐú áóíúÓó Ýöí ÇáúßóáóÇãö ãóÇ íóÞúÊóÖöí ÇäúÍöÕóÇÑó ÇáúãõáóÇÒóãóÉö æóÝöíåö ÊóÚúÑöíÖñ ÈöÈöÔóÇÑóÉö ÇáúãõÄúãöäöíäó ÈöÅöÛúÏóÇÞö ÇáúÛóíúËö Úóáóíúåöãú æóäöÐóÇÑóÉö ÇáúãõÔúÑößöíäó ÈöÇáúÞóÍúØö æóÇáúÌõæÚö ßóÞóæúáöåö æóÃóäú áóæö ÇÓúÊóÞÇãõæÇ Úóáóì ÇáØøóÑöíÞóÉö áóÃóÓúÞóíúäÇåõãú ãóÇÁ ÛóÏóÞÇð [ÇáúÌöäø: 16]- æóÞóæúáöåö- ÝóÇÑúÊóÞöÈú íóæúãó ÊóÃúÊöí ÇáÓøóãÇÁõ ÈöÏõÎÇäò ãõÈöíäò [ÇáÏøõÎÇä: 10] .
æóÃõØúáöÞó ÇáúÅöÑúÓóÇáõ Úóáóì ÇáöÇäúÊöÞóÇáö Úóáóì æóÌúåö ÇáöÇÓúÊöÚóÇÑóÉö¡ ÝóÅöÑúÓóÇáõ ÇáÑøöíóÇÍö åõÈõæÈõåóÇ ãöäó ÇáúãóßóÇäö ÇáøóÐöí ÊóåõÈøõ Ýöíåö æóæõÕõæáõåóÇ¡ æóÍóÓøóäó åóÐöåö ÇáöÇÓúÊöÚóÇÑóÉó Ãóäøó ÇáÑøöíÍó ãõÓóÎøóÑóÉñ Åöáóì ÇáúãóßóÇäö ÇáøóÐöí íõÑöíÏõ Çááøóåõ åõÈõæÈóåóÇ Ýöíåö ÝóÔõÈøöåóÊú ÈöÇáúÚóÇÞöáö ÇáúãõÑúÓóáö Åöáóì ÌöåóÉò ãóÇ¡ æóãöäú ÈóÏóÇÆöÚö åóÐöåö ÇáöÇÓúÊöÚóÇÑóÉö Ãóäøó ÇáÑøöíÍó áóÇ ÊõÝóÇÑöÞõ ßõÑóÉó ÇáúåóæóÇÁö ßóãóÇ ÊóÞóÏøóãó ÚöäúÏó Þóæúáöåö ÊóÚóÇáóì: Åöäøó Ýöí ÎóáúÞö ÇáÓøóãÇæÇÊö æóÇáúÃóÑúÖö æóÇÎúÊöáÇÝö Çááøóíúáö æóÇáäøóåÇÑö æóÇáúÝõáúßö ÇáøóÊöí ÊóÌúÑöí Ýöí ÇáúÈóÍúÑö ÈöãÇ íóäúÝóÚõ ÇáäøóÇÓó ÇáúÂíóÉó Ýöí ÓõæÑóÉö ÇáúÈóÞóÑóÉö [164] .
ÝóÊóÕúÑöíÝõ ÇáÑøöíóÇÍö ãöäú ÌöåóÉò Åöáóì ÌöåóÉò ÃóÔúÈóåõ ÈöÇáúÅöÑúÓóÇáö ãöäúåõ ÈöÇáúÅöíÌóÇÏö.(8-È/178)
æóÇáÑøöíóÇÍõ: ÌóãúÚõ ÑöíÍò¡ æóÞóÏú ÊóÞóÏøóãó Ýöí ÓõæÑóÉö ÇáúÈóÞóÑóÉö.
æóÞóÑóÃó ÇáúÌõãúåõæÑõ: ÇáÑøöíÇÍó- ÈöÕöíÛóÉö ÇáúÌóãúÚö- æóÞóÑóÃó ÇÈúäõ ßóËöíÑò¡ æóÍóãúÒóÉõ¡ æóÇáúßöÓóÇÆöíøõ¡ æóÎóáóÝñ: ÇáÑøöíÍó- ÈöÕöíÛóÉö ÇáúãõÝúÑóÏö ÈöÇÚúÊöÈóÇÑö ÇáúÌöäúÓö¡ Ýóåõæó ãõÓóÇæò áöÞöÑóÇÁóÉö ÇáúÌóãúÚö¡ ÞóÇáó ÇÈúäõ ÚóØöíøóÉó:
ãóäú ÞóÑóÃó ÈöÕöíÛóÉö ÇáúÌóãúÚö ÝóÞöÑóÇÁóÊõåõ ÃóÓúÚóÏõ¡ áöÃóäøó ÇáÑøöíóÇÍó ÍóíúËõãóÇ æóÞóÚóÊú Ýöí ÇáúÞõÑúÂäö Ýóåöíó ãõÞúÊóÑöäóÉñ ÈöÇáÑøóÍúãóÉö¡ ßóÞóæúáöåö: æóÃóÑúÓóáúäóÇ ÇáÑøöíÇÍó áóæÇÞöÍó [ÇáúÍÌÑ: 22] æóÃóßúËóÑõ ÐößúÑö ÇáÑøöíÍö ÇáúãõÝúÑóÏóÉö Ãóäú Êóßõæäó ãõÞúÊóÑöäóÉð ÈöÇáúÚóÐóÇÈö ßóÞóæúáöåö ÑöíÍñ ÝöíåÇ ÚóÐÇÈñ Ãóáöíãñ [ÇáúÃóÍúÞóÇÝ: 24] æóäóÍúæó Ðóáößó. æóãóäú ÞóÑóÃó ÈöÇáúÅöÝúÑóÇÏö ÝóÊóÞúíöíÏõåóÇ ÈöÇáäøóÔúÑö íõÒöíáõ ÇáöÇÔúÊöÑóÇßó Ãóíö ÇáúÅöíåóÇãó. æóÇáÊøóÍúÞöíÞõ Ãóäøó ÇáÊøóÚúÈöíÑó ÈöÕöíÛóÉö ÇáúÌóãúÚö ÞóÏú íõÑóÇÏõ Èöåö ÊóÚóÏøõÏõ ÇáúãóåóÇÈøö Ãóæú ÍõÕõæáõ ÇáúÝóÊóÑóÇÊö Ýöí ÇáúåõÈõæÈö¡ æóÃóäøó ÇáúÅöÝúÑóÇÏó ÞóÏú íõÑóÇÏõ Èöåö ÃóäøóåóÇ ãóÏúÝõæÚóÉñ ÏõÝúÚóÉð
æóÇÍöÏóÉð ÞóæöíøóÉð áóÇ ÝóÊúÑóÉó Èóíúäó åóÈøóÇÊöåóÇ.
æóÞóæúáõåõ: äóÔúÑÇð ÞóÑóÃóåõ äóÇÝöÚñ¡ æóÃóÈõæ ÚóãúÑòæ¡ æóÇÈúäõ ßóËöíÑò¡ æóÃóÈõæ ÌóÚúÝóÑò: äõÔõÑðÇ- ÈöÖóãøö Çáäøõæäö æóÇáÔøöíäö- Úóáóì Ãóäøóåõ ÌóãúÚõ äóÔõæÑò- ÈöÝóÊúÍö Çáäøõæäö- ßóÑóÓõæáò æóÑõÓõáò¡ æóåõæó ÝóÚõæáñ ÈöãóÚúäóì ÝóÇÚá¡ æÇáäøÔæÑ ÇáÑøíÇÍ ÇáúÍóíøóÉõ ÇáØíøÈÉ áÃäøåÇ ÊäËÑ ÇáÓøóÍóÇÈó¡ Ãóíú ÊóÈõËøõåõ æóÊõßóËøöÑõåõ Ýöí ÇáúÌóæøö¡ ßóÇáÔøóíúÁö ÇáúãóäúÔõæÑö¡ æóíóÌõæÒõ Ãóäú íóßõæäó ÝóÚõæáðÇ ÈöãóÚúäóì ãóÝúÚõæáò¡ Ãóíú ãóäúÔõæÑóÉð¡ Ãóíú ãóÈúËõæËóÉð Ýöí ÇáúÌöåóÇÊö¡ ãõÊóÝóÑøöÞóÉð ÝöíåóÇ¡ áöÃóäøó ÇáäøóÔúÑó åõæó ÇáÊøóÝúÑöíÞõ Ýöí ÌöåóÇÊò ßóËöíÑóÉò. æóãóÚúäóì Ðóáößó Ãóäøó ÑöíÍó ÇáúãóØóÑö Êóßõæäõ áóíøöäóÉð¡ ÊóÌöíÁõ ãóÑøóÉð ãöäó ÇáúÌóäõæÈö æóãóÑøóÉð ãöäó ÇáÔøóãóÇáö¡ æóÊóÊóÝóÑøóÞõ Ýöí ÇáúÌöåóÇÊö ÍóÊøóì íóäúÔóÃó ÈöåóÇ ÇáÓøóÍóÇÈõ æóíóÊóÚóÏøóÏó ÓóÍóÇÈóÇÊñ ãóÈúËõæËóÉñ¡ ßóãóÇ ÞóÇáó ÇáúßõãóíúÊõ Ýöí ÇáÓøóÍóÇÈö:
ãóÑóÊúåõ ÇáúÌóäõæÈõ ÈöÃóäúÝóÇÓöåóÇ ... æóÍóáøóÊú ÚóÒóÇáöíóåõ ÇáÔøóãúÃóáõ
æóãöäú ÃóÌúáö Ðóáößó ÚóÈøóÑó ÚóäúåóÇ ÈöÕöíÛóÉö ÇáúÌóãúÚö áöÊóÚóÏøõÏö ãóåóÇÈøöåóÇ¡ æóáöÐóáößó áóãú ÊõÌúãóÚú ÝöíãóÇ áóÇ íÍãÏ Ýöíåö ÊÚæÏ ÇáúãóåóÇÈøö ßóÞóæúáöåö æóÌóÑóíúäó Èöåöãú ÈöÑöíÍò ØóíøöÈóÉò [íõæäõÓ: 22] ãöäú ÍóíúËõ ÌóÑúíõ ÇáÓøõÝõäö ÅöäøóãóÇ ÌöíÏõåõ ÈöÑöíÍò ãõÊøóÕöáóÉò.
æóÞóÑóÃóåõ ÇÈúäõ ÚóÇãöÑò äóÔúÑÇð- ÈöÖóãøö Çáäøõæäö æóÓõßõæäö ÇáÔøöíäö- æóåõæó ÊóÎúÝöíÝõ äõÔõÑò- ÇáøóÐöí åõæó ÈöÖóãøóÊóíúäö- ßóãóÇ íõÞóÇáõ: ÑõÓúáñ Ýöí ÑõÓõáò. æóÞóÑóÃó ÍóãúÒóÉõ¡(8-È/179)
æóÇáúßöÓóÇÆöíøõ¡ æóÎóáóÝñ- ÈöÝóÊúÍö Çáäøõæäö¡ æóÓõßõæäö ÇáÔøöíäö Úóáóì Ãóäøóåõ ãóÕúÏóÑñ¡ æóÇäúÊóÕóÈó ÅöãøóÇ Úóáóì ÇáúãóÝúÚõæáöíøóÉö ÇáúãõØúáóÞóÉö áöÃóäøóåõ ãõÑóÇÏöÝñ áö (ÃóÑúÓóáó) ÈöãóÚúäóÇåõ ÇáúãóÌóÇÒöíøö¡ Ãóíú ÃóÑúÓóáóåóÇ ÅöÑúÓóÇáðÇ Ãóæú äóÔúÑóåóÇ äóÔúÑðÇ¡ æóÅöãøóÇ Úóáóì ÇáúÍóÇáö ãöäó ÇáÑøöíÍö¡ Ãóíú äóÇÔöÑóÉð Ãóíö ÇáÓøóÍóÇÈõ¡ Ãóæú ãöäó ÇáÖøóãöíÑö Ýöí (ÃóÑúÓóáó) Ãóíú ÃóÑúÓóáóåóÇ äóÇÔöÑðÇ Ãóíú ãõÍúíöíðÇ ÈöåóÇ ÇáúÃóÑúÖó ÇáúãóíúÊóÉó¡ Ãóíú ãõÍúíöíðÇ ÈöÂËóÇÑöåóÇ æóåöíó ÇáúÃóãúØóÇÑõ.
æóÞóÑóÃóåõ ÚóÇÕöãñ ÈöÇáúÈóÇÁö ÇáúãõæóÍøóÏóÉö Ýöí ãóæúÖöÚö Çáäøõæäö ãóÖúãõæãóÉð æóÈöÓõßõæäö ÇáÔøöíäö- æóÈöÇáÊøóäúæöíäö æóåõæó ÊóÎúÝöíÝõ (ÈõÔõÑðÇ) ÈöÖóãøöåöãóÇ Úóáóì Ãóäøóåõ ÌóãúÚõ ÈóÔöíÑò ãöËúáõ äõÐõÑò æóäóÐöíÑò¡ Ãóíú ãõÈóÔøöÑóÉð áöáäøóÇÓö ÈöÇÞúÊöÑóÇÈö ÇáúÛóíúËö.
ÝóÍóÕóáó ãöäú ãóÌúãõæÚö åóÐöåö ÇáúÞöÑóÇÁóÇÊö Ãóäøó ÇáÑøöíóÇÍó ÊóäúÔõÑõ ÇáÓøóÍóÇÈó¡ æóÃóäøóåóÇ ÊóÃúÊöí ãöäú ÌöåóÇÊò ãõÎúÊóáöÝóÉò ÊóÊóÚóÇÞóÈõ Ýóíóßõæäõ Ðóáößó ÓóÈóÈó ÇãúÊöáóÇÁö ÇáúÃóÓúÍöÈóÉö ÈöÇáúãóÇÁö æóÃóäøóåóÇ ÊõÍúíöí ÇáúÃóÑúÖó ÈóÚúÏó ãóæúÊöåóÇ¡ æóÃóäøóåóÇ ÊõÈóÔøöÑõ ÇáäøóÇÓó ÈöåõÈõæÈöåóÇ¡ ÝóíóÏúÎõáõ Úóáóíúåöã ÈåóÇ ÓÑõæÑ.
æóÃóÕúáõ ãóÚúäóì Þóæúáöåöãú: Èóíúäó íóÏóíú ÝõáóÇäò¡ Ãóäøóåõ íóßõæäõ ÃóãóÇãóåõ ÈöÞõÑúÈò ãöäúåõ (æóáöÐóáößó ÞõæÈöáó ÈöÇáúÎóáúÝö Ýöí Þóæúáöåö ÊóÚóÇáóì: íóÚúáóãõ ãóÇ Èóíúäó ÃóíúÏöíåöãú æóãÇ ÎóáúÝóåõãú [ÇáúÈóÞóÑóÉ: 255] ) ÝóÞóÕúÏõ ÞóÇÆöáöåö ÇáúßöäóÇíóÉõ
Úóäö ÇáúÃóãóÇãö¡ æóáóíúÓó ÕóÑöíÍðÇ¡ ÍóíúËõ Åöäøó ÇáúÃóãóÇãó ÇáúÞóÑöíÈó ÃóæúÓóÚõ ãöäó Çáúßóæúäö Èóíúäó ÇáúíóÏóíúäö¡ Ëõãøó áöÔõåúÑóÉö åóÐöåö ÇáúßöäóÇíóÉö æóÃóÛúáóÈöíøóÉö ãõæóÇÝóÞóÊöåóÇ áöáúãóÚúäóì ÇáÕøóÑöíÍö ÌõÚöáóÊú ßóÇáÕøóÑöíÍö¡ æóÓóÇÛó Ãóäú ÊõÓúÊóÚúãóáó ãóÌóÇÒðÇ Ýöí ÇáÊøóÞóÏøõãö æóÇáÓøóÈúÞö ÇáúÞóÑöíÈö¡ ßóÞóæúáöåö ÊóÚóÇáóì: Åöäú åõæó ÅöáøóÇ äóÐöíÑñ áóßõãú Èóíúäó íóÏóíú ÚóÐÇÈò ÔóÏöíÏò [ÓÈÃ:
46] ¡ æóÝöí ÊóÞóÏøõãö ÔóíúÁò Úóáóì ÔóíúÁò ãóÚó ÞõÑúÈöåö ãöäúåõ ãöäú ÛóíúÑö Ãóäú íóßõæäó ÃóãóÇãóåõ æóãöäú ÛóíúÑö Ãóäú íóßõæäó áöáúãõÊóÞóÏøóãö Úóáóíúåö íóÏóÇäö. æóåóßóÐóÇ ÇÓúÊöÚúãóÇáõåõ Ýöí åóÐöåö ÇáúÂíóÉö¡ Ãóíú íõÑúÓöáõ ÇáÑøöíóÇÍó ÓóÇÈöÞóÉð ÑóÍúãóÊõåõ.
æóÇáÑøóÍúãóÉõ åóÐöåö ÃõÑöíÏó ÈöåóÇ ÇáúãóØóÑõ¡ Ýóåõæó ãöäú ÅöØúáóÇÞö ÇáúãóÕúÏóÑö Úóáóì ÇáúãóÝúÚõæáö¡ áöÃóäøó Çááøóåó íóÑúÍóãõ Èöåö. æóÇáúÞóÑöíäóÉõ Úóáóì ÇáúãõÑóÇÏö ÈóÞöíøóÉõ ÇáúßóáóÇãö¡ æóáóíúÓóÊö ÇáÑøóÍúãóÉõ ãöäú ÃóÓúãóÇÁö ÇáúãóØóÑö Ýöí ßóáóÇãö ÇáúÚóÑóÈö ÝóÅöäøó Ðóáößó áóãú íóËúÈõÊú¡ æóÅöÖóÇÝóÉõ ÇáÑøóÍúãóÉö Åöáóì ÇÓúãö ÇáúÌóáóÇáóÉö Ýöí åóÐöåö ÇáúÂíóÉö ÊõÈúÚöÏõ ÏóÚúæóì ãóäö ÇÏøóÚóÇåóÇ ãöäú ÃóÓúãóÇÁö ÇáúãóØóÑö. æóÇáúãóÞúÕöÏõ ÇáúÃóæøóáõ ãöäú Þóæúáöåö:(8-È/180)
æóåõæó ÇáøóÐöí íõÑúÓöáõ ÇáÑøöíÇÍó ÊóÞúÑöíÚõ ÇáúãõÔúÑößöíäó æÊÝäíÏ ÅÔÑÇßåã¡ æíÊÈÚå ÊóÐúßöíÑõ ÇáúãõÄúãöäöíäó æóÅöËóÇÑóÉõ ÇÚúÊöÈóÇÑöåöãú¡ áöÃóäøó ÇáúãóæúÕõæáó Ïóáøó Úóáóì Ãóäøó ÇáÕøöáóÉó ãóÚúáõæãóÉõ ÇáöÇäúÊöÓóÇÈö áöáúãóæúÕõæáö¡ áöÃóäøó ÇáúãõÔúÑößöíäó íóÚúáóãõæäó Ãóäøó áöáÑøöíóÇÍö ãõÕóÑøöÝðÇ æóÃóäøó áöáúãóØóÑö ãõäóÒøöáðÇ¡ ÛóíúÑó Ãóäøóåõãú íóÐúåóáõæäó Ãóæú íóÊóÐóÇåóáõæäó Úóäú ÊóÚúíöíäö Ðóáößó ÇáúÝóÇÚöáö¡ æóáöÐóáößó íóÌöíÆõæäó Ýöí ÇáúßóáóÇãö ÈöÃóÝúÚóÇáö äõÒõæáö ÇáúãóØóÑö ãóÈúäöíøóÉð Åöáóì ÇáúãóÌúåõæáö ÛóÇáöÈðÇ¡ ÝóíóÞõæáõæäó: ãõØöÑúäóÇ ÈöäóæúÁö ÇáËøõÑóíøóÇ- æóíóÞõæáõæäó: ÛöËúäóÇ ãóÇ ÔöÆúäóÇ. ãóÈúäöíøðÇ áöáúãóÌúåõæáö Ãóíú ÃóÛöËúäóÇ¡ ÝóÃóÎúÈóÑó Çááøóåõ ÊóÚóÇáóì ÈöÃóäøó ÝóÇÚöáó Êöáúßó ÇáúÃóÝúÚóÇáö åõæó Çááøóåõ¡ æóÐóáößó ÈöÅöÓúäóÇÏö åóÐóÇ ÇáúãóæúÕõæáö Åöáóì ÖóãöíÑö ÇáúÌóáóÇáóÉö Ýöí Þóæúáöåö: æóåõæó ÇáøóÐöí íõÑúÓöáõ ÇáÑøöíÇÍó Ãóíö ÇáøóÐöí ÚóáöãúÊõãú Ãóäøóåõ íõÑúÓöáõ ÇáÑøöíóÇÍó æóíõäóÒøöáõ ÇáúãóÇÁó¡ åõæó Çááøóåõ ÊóÚóÇáóì ßóÞóæúáöåö ÃõæáÆößó ÇáøóÐöíäó ÇÔúÊóÑóæõÇ ÇáÖøóáÇáóÉó ÈöÇáúåõÏì [ÇáúÈóÞóÑóÉ: 16] ¡ ÝóÇáúÎóÈóÑõ ãõÓóæøöÞñ áöÊóÚúíöíäö ÕóÇÍöÈö åóÐöåö ÇáÕøöáóÉö. Ýóåõæó ÈöãóäúÒöáóÉö ÇáúÌóæóÇÈö Úóäö ÇÓúÊöÝúåóÇãò ãóÞúÕõæÏñ ãöäúåõ ØóáóÈõ ÇáÊøóÚúíöíäö Ýöí äóÍúæö Þóæúáöåöãú: ÃóÑóÇÍöáñ ÃóäúÊó Ãóãú ËóÇæò¡ æóáöÐóáößó áóãú íóßõäú Ýöí åóÐóÇ ÇáúÅöÓúäóÇÏö ÞóÕúÑñ áöÃóäøóåõ áóãú íóÞúÕöÏú Èöåö ÑóÏøó ÇÚúÊöÞóÇÏò¡ ÝóÅöäøóåõãú áóãú íóßõæäõæÇ íóÒúÚõãõæäó Ãóäøó ÛóíúÑó Çááøóåö íõÑúÓöáõ ÇáÑøöíóÇÍó¡ æóáóßöäøóåõãú ßóÇäõæÇ ßóãóäú íóÌúåóáõ Ðóáößó ãöäú ÌöåóÉö ÅöÔúÑóÇßöåöãú ãóÚóåõ ÛóíúÑóåõ¡ ÝóÑõæÚöíó Ýöí åóÐóÇ ÇáúÅöÓúäóÇÏö ÍóÇáõåõãõ ÇÈúÊöÏóÇÁð¡ æóíóÍúÕõáõ ÑóÚúíõ ÍóÇáö ÇáúãõÄúãöäöíäó ÊóÈóÚðÇ¡ áöÃóäøó ÇáÓøöíóÇÞó ãõäóÇÓöÈñ áöãõÎóÇØóÈóÉö ÇáúÝóÑöíÞóíúäö ßóãóÇ ÊÞÏøã Ýöí ÇáúÂíóÉ ÇáÓøóÇÈöÞóÉö.
æÍóÊøóì ÇÈúÊöÏóÇÆöíøóÉñ æóåöíó ÛóÇíóÉñ áãÖãæä Þóæúáå: ÈõÔúÑÇð Èóíúäó íóÏóíú ÑóÍúãóÊöåö¡ ÇáøóÐöí åõæó Ýöí ãóÚúäóì ãõÊóÞóÏøöãóÉð ÑóÍúãóÊóåõ¡ Ãóíú ÊóÊóÞóÏøóãõåóÇ ãõÏøóÉð æóÊóäúÔõÑõ ÃóÓúÍöÈóÊóåóÇ ÍóÊøóì ÅöÐóÇ ÃóÞóáøóÊú ÓóÍóÇÈðÇ ÃóäúÒóáúäóÇ Èöåö ÇáúãóÇÁó¡ ÝóÅöäúÒóÇáõ ÇáúãóÇÁö åõæó ÛóÇíóÉõ ÊóÞóÏøõãö ÇáÑøöíóÇÍö æóÓóÈúÞöåóÇ ÇáúãóØóÑó¡ æóßóÇäóÊö ÇáúÛóÇíóÉõ ãõÌóÒøóÃóÉð ÃóÌúÒóÇÁð ÝóÃóæøóáõåóÇ ãóÖúãõæäõ Þóæúáöåö: ÃóÞóáøóÊú Ãóíö ÇáÑøöíóÇÍõ ÇáÓøóÍóÇÈó¡ Ëõãøó ãóÖúãõæäõ Þóæúáöåö: ËöÞÇáðÇ¡ Ëõãøó ãóÖúãõæäõ ÓõÞúäÇåõ Ãóíú Åöáóì ÇáúÈóáóÏö ÇáøóÐöí ÃóÑóÇÏó Çááøóåõ ÛóíúËóåõ¡ Ëõãøó Ãóäú íóäúÒöáó ãöäúåõ ÇáúãóÇÁõ. æóßõáøõ Ðóáößó ÛóÇíóÉñ áöÊóÞóÏøõãö
ÇáÑøöíóÇÍö¡ áöÃóäøó ÇáúãõÝóÑøóÚó Úóäö ÇáúÛóÇíóÉö åõæó ÛóÇíóÉñ.
ÇáËøöÞóÇáó: ÇáúÈóØöíÆóÉõ ÇáÊøóäóÞøõáö áöãóÇ ÝöíåóÇ ãöäú ÑõØõæÈóÉö ÇáúãóÇÁö¡ æóåõæó ÇáúÈõÎóÇÑõ¡ æóåõæó ÇáÓøóÍóÇÈõ ÇáúãóÑúÌõæøõ ãöäúåõ ÇáúãóØóÑõ¡ æóãöäú ÃóÍúÓóäö ãóÚóÇäöí ÃóÈöí ÇáØøóíøöÈö Þóæúáõåõ Ýöí: «ÍõÓúäö ÇáöÇÚúÊöÐóÇÑö» :(8-È/181)
æóãöäó ÇáúÎóíúÑö ÈõØúÁõ ÓóíúÈößó Úóäøöí ... ÃóÓúÑóÚõ ÇáÓøõÍúÈö Ýöí ÇáúãóÓöíÑö ÇáúÌóåóÇãõ
æóØõæöíó ÈóÚúÖõ ÇáúãõÛóíøóÇ: æóÐóáößó Ãóäøó ÇáÑøöíóÇÍó ÊõÍóÑøößõ ÇáúÃóÈúÎöÑóÉó ÇáøóÊöí Úóáóì ÓóØúÍö ÇáúÃóÑúÖö¡ æóÊóãõÏøõåóÇ ÈöÑõØõæÈóÇÊò ÊóÓõæÞõåóÇ ÅöáóíúåóÇ ãöäó ÇáúÌöåóÇÊö ÇáäøóÏøöíøóÉö ÇáøóÊöí ÊóãõÑøõ ÚóáóíúåóÇ ßóÇáúÈöÍóÇÑö æÇáÃäåÇÑ¡ æÇáÈÍíÑÇÊ æÇáÃÑÇÖíä ÇáäøóÏøöíøóÉö¡ æóíóÌúÊóãöÚõ ÈóÚúÖõ Ðóáößó Åöáóì ÈóÚúÖò æóåõæó ÇáúãõÚóÈøóÑõ Úóäúåõ ÈöÇáúÅöËóÇÑóÉö Ýöí Þóæúáöåö ÊóÚóÇáóì: ÝóÊõËöíÑõ ÓóÍÇÈÇð [ÇáÑøæã: 48] ÝóÅöÐóÇ ÈóáóÛó ÍóÏøó ÇáúÈõÎóÇÑöíøóÉö ÑóÝóÚóÊúåõ ÇáÑøöíóÇÍõ ãöäú ÓóØúÍö ÇáúÃóÑúÖö Åöáóì ÇáúÌóæøö.
æóãóÚúäóì ÃóÞóáøóÊú¡ ÍóãóáóÊú ãõÔúÊóÞøñ ãöäó ÇáúÞöáøóÉö áöÃóäøó ÇáúÍóÇãöáó íõÚóÏøõ ãóÍúãõæáõåõ ÞóáöíáðÇ ÝóÇáúåóãúÒóÉõ Ýöíåö áöáúÌóÚúáö.
æóÅöÞúáóÇáõ ÇáÑøöíÍö ÇáÓøóÍóÇÈó åõæó Ãóäøó ÇáÑøöíóÇÍó ÊóãõÑøõ Úóáóì ÓóØúÍö ÇáúÃóÑúÖö ÝóíóÊóÌóãøóÚõ ÈöåóÇ ãóÇ Úóáóì ÇáÓøóØúÍö ãöäó ÇáúÈõÎóÇÑö¡ æóÊóÑúÝóÚõåõ ÇáÑøöíóÇÍõ Åöáóì ÇáúÚõáõæøö Ýöí ÇáúÌóæøö¡ ÍóÊøóì íóÈúáõÛó äõÞúØóÉð ÈóÇÑöÏóÉð Ýöí ÃóÚúáóì ÇáúÌóæøö¡ ÝóåõäóÇáößó íóäúÞóÈöÖõ ÇáúÈõÎóÇÑõ æóÊóÊóÌóãøóÚõ ÃóÌúÒóÇÄõåõ ÝóíóÕöíÑõ ÓóÍóÇÈóÇÊò¡ æóßõáøóãóÇ ÇäúÖóãøóÊú ÓóÍóÇÈóÉñ Åöáóì ÃõÎúÑóì ÍóÕóáóÊú ãöäúåõãóÇ ÓóÍóÇÈóÉñ ÃóËúÞóáõ ãöäú ÅöÍúÏóÇåõãóÇ Íöíäó ßóÇäóÊú ãõäúÝóÕöáóÉð Úóäö ÇáúÃõÎúÑóì¡ ÝóíóÞöáøõ ÇäúÊöÔóÇÑõåóÇ Åöáóì Ãóäú ÊóÕöíÑó ÓóÍóÇÈðÇ ÚóÙöíãðÇ ÝóíóËúÞõáõ¡ ÝóíóäúãóÇÚõ¡ Ëõãøó íóäúÒöáõ ãóØóÑðÇ. æóÞóÏú ÊóÈóíøóäó Ãóäøó ÇáúãõÑóÇÏó ãöäú Þóæúáöåö: ÃóÞóáøóÊú ÛóíúÑõ ÇáúãõÑóÇÏö ãöäú Þóæúáöåö Ýöí ÇáúÂíóÉö ÇáúÃõÎúÑóì ÝóÊõËöíÑõ ÓóÍÇÈÇð [ÇáÑøæã: 48] .
æóÇáÓøóÍóÇÈõ ÇÓúãõ ÌóãúÚò áöÓóÍóÇÈóÉò ÝóáöÐóáößó ÌóÇÒó ÅöÌúÑóÇÄõåõ Úóáóì ÇÚúÊöÈóÇÑö ÇáÊøóÐúßöíÑö äóÙóÑðÇ áöÊóÌóÑøõÏö áóÝúÙöåö Úóäú ÚóáóÇãóÉö ÇáÊøóÃúäöíËö¡ æóÌóÇÒó ÇÚúÊöÈóÇÑõ ÇáÊøóÃúäöíËö Ýöíåö äóÙóÑðÇ áößóæúäöåö Ýöí ãóÚúäóì ÇáúÌóãúÚö æóáöåóÐöåö ÇáäøõßúÊóÉö æõÕöÝó ÇáÓøóÍóÇÈõ Ýöí ÇÈúÊöÏóÇÁö ÅöÑúÓóÇáöåö ÈöÃóäøóåóÇ ÊõËöíÑõ¡ æóæõÕöÝó ÈóÚúÏó ÇáúÛóÇíóÉö ÈöÃóäøóåóÇ ËöÞóÇáñ¡ æóåóÐóÇ ãöäú ÅöÚúÌóÇÒö ÇáúÞõÑúÂäö ÇáúÚöáúãöíøö¡ æóÞóÏú æóÑóÏó ÇáöÇÚúÊöÈóÇÑóÇäö Ýöí åóÐöåö ÇáúÂíóÉö ÝóæóÕóÝó ÇáÓøóÍóÇÈó ÈöÞóæúáöåö: ËöÞÇáðÇ ÇÚúÊöÈóÇÑðÇ ÈöÇáúÌóãúÚö ßóãóÇ
ÞóÇáó Õóáøóì Çááåõ Úóáóíúåö æóÓóáøóãó: æ «ÑóÃóíúÊ ÈóÞóÑðÇ ÊõÐúÈóÍõ»
¡ æóÃõÚöíÏó ÇáÖøóãöíÑõ Åöáóíúåö ÈöÇáúÅöÝúÑóÇÏö Ýöí Þóæúáöåö:
ÓõÞúäÇåõ.
æóÍóÞöíÞóÉõ ÇáÓøóæúÞö Ãóäøóåõ ÊóÓúíöíÑõ ãóÇ íóãúÔöí æóãõÓóíøöÑõåõ æóÑóÇÁóåõ íõÒúÌöíåö æóíõÍöËøõåõ¡ æóåõæó åõäóÇ ãÓÊÚÇÑ áÊÓíÑ ÇáÓøóÍóÇÈö ÈöÃóÓúÈóÇÈöåö ÇáøóÊöí ÌóÚóáóåóÇ Çááøóåõ¡ æóÞóÏú íõÌúÚóáõ ÊóãúËöíáðÇ ÅöÐóÇ(8-È/182)
ÑõæÚöíó Þóæúáõåõ: ÃóÞóáøóÊú ÓóÍÇÈÇð Ãóíú:
ÓõÞúäóÇåõ ÈöÊöáúßó ÇáÑøöíÍö Åöáóì ÈóáóÏò¡ Ýóíóßõæäõ ÊóãúËöíáðÇ áöÍóÇáóÉö ÏóÝúÚö ÇáÑøöíÍö ÇáÓøóÍóÇÈó ÈöÍóÇáóÉö ÓóæúÞö ÇáÓøóÇÆöÞö
ÇáÏøóÇÈøóÉó.
æóÇááøóÇãõ Ýöí Þóæúáöåö: áöÈóáóÏò áóÇãõ ÇáúÚöáøóÉö¡ Ãóíú áöÃóÌúáö ÈóáóÏò ãóíøöÊò¡ æóÝöí åóÐöåö ÇááøóÇãö ÏóáóÇáóÉñ Úóáóì ÇáúÚöäóÇíóÉö ÇáÑøóÈøóÇäöíøóÉö ÈöÐóáößó ÇáúÈóáóÏö ÝóáöÐóáößó ÚóÏóáó Úóäú ÊóÚúÏöíóÉö (ÓõÞúäóÇåõ) ÈöÍóÑúÝö (Åöáóì) .
æóÇáúÈóáóÏõ: ÇáÓøóÇÍóÉõ ÇáúæóÇÓöÚóÉõ ãöäó ÇáúÃóÑúÖö.
æóÇáúãóíøöÊõ: ãóÌóÇÒñ ÃõØúáöÞó Úóáóì ÇáúÌóÇäöÈö ÇáøóÐöí ÇäúÚóÏóãó ãöäúåõ ÇáäøóÈóÇÊõ¡ æóÅöÓúäóÇÏõ ÇáúãóæúÊö ÇáúãóÌóÇÒöíøö Åöáóì ÇáúÈóáóÏö åõæó ÃóíúÖðÇ ãóÌóÇÒñ ÚóÞúáöíøñ¡ áöÃóäøó ÇáúãóíøöÊó ÅöäøóãóÇ åõæó äóÈóÇÊõåõ æóËóãóÑõåõ¡ ßóãóÇ Ïóáøó Úóáóíúåö ÇáÊøóÔúÈöíåõ Ýöí Þóæúáöåö: ßóÐáößó äõÎúÑöÌõ ÇáúãóæúÊì.
æóÇáÖøóãöíÑõ ÇáúãóÌúÑõæÑõ ÈöÇáúÈóÇÁö Ýöí Þóæúáöåö: ÝóÃóÎúÑóÌúäÇ Èöåö íóÌõæÒõ Ãóäú íóÚõæÏó Åöáóì ÇáúÈóáóÏö¡ Ýóíóßõæäõ ÇáúÈóÇÁõ ÈöãóÚúäóì (Ýöí) æóíóÌõæÒõ Ãóäú íóÚõæÏó Åöáóì ÇáúãóÇÁö Ýóíóßõæäõ ÇáúÈóÇÁõ áöáúÂáóÉö.
æóÇáöÇÓúÊöÛúÑóÇÞõ Ýöí ßõáøö ÇáËøóãóÑÇÊö ÇÓúÊöÛúÑóÇÞñ ÍóÞöíÞöíøñ¡ áöÃóäøó ÇáúÈóáóÏó ÇáúãóíøöÊó áóíúÓó ãõÚóíøóäðÇ Èóáú íóÔúãóáõ ßõáøó ÈóáóÏò ãóíøöÊò íóäúÒöáõ Úóáóíúåö ÇáúãóØóÑõ¡ ÝóíóÍúÕõáõ ãöäú ÌóãöíÚö ÃóÝúÑóÇÏö ÇáúÈóáóÏö ÇáúãóíøöÊö ÌóãöíÚõ ÇáËøóãóÑóÇÊö ÞóÏú ÃóÎúÑóÌóåóÇ Çááøóåõ ÈöæóÇÓöØóÉö ÇáúãóÇÁö¡ æóÇáúÈóáóÏõ ÇáúæóÇÍöÏõ íõÎúÑöÌõ ËóãóÑóÇÊöåö ÇáúãõÚúÊóÇÏóÉó Ýöíåö¡ ÝóÅöÐóÇ äóÙóÑúÊó Åöáóì Ðóáößó ÇáúÈóáóÏö ÎóÇÕøóÉð ÝóÇÌúÚóáö ÇÓúÊöÛúÑóÇÞó ßõáøö ÇáËøóãóÑóÇÊö ÇÓúÊöÛúÑóÇÞðÇ ÚõÑúÝöíøðÇ¡ Ãóíú ãöäú ßõáøö ÇáËøóãóÑóÇÊö ÇáúãóÚúÑõæÝóÉö Ýöí Ðóáößó ÇáúÈóáóÏö æóÍóÑúÝõ (ãöäú) áöáÊøóÈúÚöíÖö.
æóÌõãúáóÉõ: ßóÐáößó äõÎúÑöÌõ ÇáúãóæúÊì ãõÚúÊóÑöÖóÉñ ÇÓúÊöØúÑóÇÏðÇ áöáúãóæúÚöÙóÉö æóÇáöÇÓúÊöÏúáóÇáö Úóáóì ÊóÞúÑöíÈö ÇáúÈóÚúËö ÇáøóÐöí íóÓúÊóÈúÚöÏõæäóåõ¡ æóÇáúÅöÔóÇÑóÉõ Èö (ßóÐóáößó) Åöáóì ÇáúÅöÎúÑóÇÌö ÇáúãõÊóÖóãøöäö áóåõ ÝöÚúáõ ÝóÃóÎúÑóÌúäÇ ÈöÇÚúÊöÈóÇÑö ãóÇ ÞóÈúáóåõ ãöäú ßóæúäö ÇáúÈóáóÏö ãóíøöÊðÇ¡ Ëõãøó ÅöÍúíóÇÆöåö Ãóíú ÅöÍúíóÇÁö ãóÇ Ýöíåö ãöäú ÃóËóÑö ÇáÒøóÑúÚö æóÇáËøóãóÑö¡ ÝóæóÌúåõ ÇáÔøóÈóåö åõæó ÅöÍúíóÇÁñ ÈóÚúÏó ãóæúÊò¡ æóáóÇ Ôóßøó Ãóäøó áöÐóáößó ÇáúÅöÍúíóÇÁö ßóíúÝöíøóÉð ÞóÏøóÑóåóÇ Çááøóåõ æóÃóÌúãóáó ÐößúÑóåóÇ áöÞõÕõæÑö ÇáúÅöÝúåóÇãö Úóäú ÊóÕóæøõÑöåóÇ.
æóÌõãúáóÉõ: áóÚóáøóßõãú ÊóÐóßøóÑõæäó ãÓÊÃäÝÉ¡ æÇáÑøÌÇÁ äÇÔìÁ Úóäö ÇáúÌõãóáö ÇáúãõÊóÞóÏøöãóÉö ãöäú Þóæúáöåö:
æóåõæó ÇáøóÐöí íõÑúÓöáõ ÇáÑøöíÇÍó ÈõÔúÑÇð Èóíúäó íóÏóíú ÑóÍúãóÊöåö áöÃóäøó(8-È/183)
æóÇáúÈóáóÏõ ÇáØøóíøöÈõ íóÎúÑõÌõ äóÈóÇÊõåõ ÈöÅöÐúäö ÑóÈøöåö æóÇáøóÐöí ÎóÈõËó áóÇ íóÎúÑõÌõ ÅöáøóÇ äóßöÏðÇ ßóÐóáößó äõÕóÑøöÝõ ÇáúÂíóÇÊö áöÞóæúãò íóÔúßõÑõæäó (58)
ÇáúãõÑóÇÏó ÇáÊøóÐóßøõÑõ ÇáÔøóÇãöáõ ÇáøóÐöí íóÒöíÏõ ÇáúãõÄúãöäó ÚöÈúÑóÉð æóÅöíãóÇäðÇ¡ æóÇáøóÐöí ãöäú ÔóÃúäöåö Ãóäú íõÞúáöÚó ãöäó ÇáúãõÔúÑößö ÇÚúÊöÞóÇÏó ÇáÔøöÑúßö æóãöäú ãõäúßöÑö ÇáúÈóÚúËö ÅöäúßóÇÑóåõ.
æóÞóÑóÃó ÇáúÌõãúåõæÑõ ÊóÐóßøóÑõæäó- ÈöÊóÔúÏöíÏö ÇáÐøóÇáö- Úóáóì ÅöÏúÛóÇãö ÇáÊøóÇÁö ÇáËøóÇäöíóÉö Ýöí ÇáÐøóÇáö ÈóÚúÏó ÞóáúÈöåóÇ ÐóÇáðÇ¡ æóÞóÑóÃó ÚóÇÕöãñ Ýöí ÑöæóÇíóÉö ÍóÝúÕò ÊóÐóßøóÑõæäó- ÈöÊóÎúÝöíÝö ÇáÐøóÇáö- Úóáóì ÍóÐúÝö ÅöÍúÏóì ÇáÊøóÇÁóíúäö.
[58]
[ÓõæÑóÉ ÇáúÃóÚúÑóÇÝ (7) : ÂíóÉ 58]
æóÇáúÈóáóÏõ ÇáØøóíøöÈõ íóÎúÑõÌõ äóÈÇÊõåõ ÈöÅöÐúäö ÑóÈøöåö æóÇáøóÐöí ÎóÈõËó áóÇ íóÎúÑõÌõ ÅöáÇøó äóßöÏÇð ßóÐáößó äõÕóÑøöÝõ ÇáúÂíÇÊö áöÞóæúãò íóÔúßõÑõæäó (58)
ÌõãúáóÉñ ãõÚúÊóÑöÖóÉñ Èóíúäó ÌõãúáóÉö: ßóÐáößó äõÎúÑöÌõ ÇáúãóæúÊì [ÇáúÃóÚúÑóÇÝ: 57] æóÈóíúäó ÌõãúáóÉö: áóÞóÏú ÃóÑúÓóáúäÇ äõæÍÇð [ÇáúÃóÚúÑóÇÝ: 59] ÊóÊóÖóãøóäõ ÊóÝúÕöíáðÇ áöãóÖúãõæäö ÌõãúáóÉö: ÝóÃóÎúÑóÌúäÇ Èöåö ãöäú ßõáøö ÇáËøóãóÑÇÊö [ÇáúÃóÚúÑóÇÝ: 57] ÅöÐú ÞóÏú Èóíøóäó ÝöíåóÇ ÇÎúÊöáóÇÝó ÍóÇáö ÇáúÈóáóÏö ÇáøóÐöí íõÕöíÈõåõ ãóÇÁõ ÇáÓøóÍóÇÈö¡ ÏóÚóÇ Åöáóì åóÐóÇ ÇáÊøóÝúÕöíáö Ãóäøóåõ áóãøóÇ ãõËøöáó ÅöÎúÑóÇÌõ ËóãóÑóÇÊö ÇáúÃóÑúÖö ÈöÅöÎúÑóÇÌö ÇáúãóæúÊóì ãöäúåóÇ íóæúãó ÇáúÈóÚúËö ÊóÐúßöíÑðÇ ÈöÐóáößó áöáúãõÄúãöäöíäó¡ æóÅöÈúØóÇáðÇ áöÅöÍóÇáóÉö ÇáúÈóÚúËö ÚöäúÏó ÇáúãõÔúÑößöíäó¡ ãõËøöáó åõäóÇ ÈöÇÎúÊöáóÇÝö ÍóÇáö ÅöÎúÑóÇÌö ÇáäøóÈóÇÊö ãöäó ÇáúÃóÑúÖö ÇÎúÊöáóÇÝõ ÍóÇáö ÇáäøóÇÓö ÇáúÃóÍúíóÇÁö Ýöí ÇáöÇäúÊöÝóÇÚö ÈöÑóÍúãóÉö åõÏóì Çááøóåö¡ ÝóãóæúÞöÚõ Þóæúáöåö: æóÇáúÈóáóÏõ ÇáØøóíøöÈõ íóÎúÑõÌõ äóÈÇÊõåõ ÈöÅöÐúäö ÑóÈøöåö ßóãóæúÞöÚö Þóæúáöåö: ßóÐáößó äõÎúÑöÌõ ÇáúãóæúÊì [ÇáúÃóÚúÑóÇÝ: 57] æóáöÐóáößó Ðõíøöáó åóÐóÇ ÈöÞóæúáöåö: ßóÐáößó äõÕóÑøöÝõ ÇáúÂíÇÊö áöÞóæúãò íóÔúßõÑõæäó ßóãóÇ Ðõíøöáó ãóÇ ÞóÈúáóåõ ÈöÞóæúáöåö: ßóÐáößó äõÎúÑöÌõ ÇáúãóæúÊì áóÚóáøóßõãú ÊóÐóßøóÑõæäó [ÇáúÃóÚúÑóÇÝ: 57] .
æóÇáúãóÚúäóì: ßóÐóáößó äõÎúÑöÌõ ÇáúãóæúÊóì æóßóÐóáößó íóäúÊóÝöÚõ ÈöÑóÍúãóÉö ÇáúåóÏúíö ãóäú ÎõáöÞóÊú ÝöØúÑóÊõåõ ØóíøöÈóÉð ÞóÇÈöáóÉð áöáúåõÏóì ßóÇáúÈóáóÏö ÇáØøóíøöÈö íóäúÊóÝöÚõ ÈöÇáúãóØóÑö¡ æóíóÍúÑõãõ ãöäó ÇáöÇäúÊöÝóÇÚö ÈöÇáúåõÏóì ãóäú ÎõáöÞóÊú ÝöØúÑóÊõåõ ÎóÈöíËóÉð ßóÇáúÃóÑúÖö ÇáúÎóÈöíËóÉö áóÇ ÊóäúÊóÝöÚõ ÈöÇáúãóØóÑö ÝóáóÇ ÊõäúÈöÊõ äóÈóÇÊðÇ äóÇÝöÚðÇ¡ ÝóÇáúãóÞúÕõæÏõ ãöäú åóÐöåö ÇáúÂíóÉö ÇáÊøóãúËöíáõ¡ æóáóíúÓó ÇáúãóÞúÕõæÏõ ãõÌóÑøóÏó ÊóÝúÕöíáö ÃóÍúæóÇáö ÇáúÃóÑúÖö ÈóÚúÏó äõÒõæáö ÇáúãóØóÑö¡ áöÃóäøó ÇáúÛóÑóÖó ÇáúãóÓõæÞó áóåõ ÇáúßóáóÇãõ(8-È/184)
íóÌúãóÚõ ÃóãúÑóíúäö: ÇáúÚöÈúÑóÉó ÈöÕõäúÚö Çááøóåö¡ æóÇáúãóæúÚöÙóÉó ÈöãóÇ íõãóÇËöáõ ÃóÍúæóÇáóåõ. ÝóÇáúãóÚúäóì: ßóãóÇ Ãóäøó ÇáúÈóáóÏó ÇáØøóíøöÈó íóÎúÑõÌõ äóÈóÇÊõåõ ÓóÑöíÚðÇ ÈóåöÌðÇ ÚöäúÏó äõÒõæáö ÇáúãóØóÑö¡ æóÇáúÈóáóÏó ÇáúÎóÈöíËó áóÇ íóßóÇÏõ íõäúÈöÊõ ÝóÅöäú ÃóäúÈóÊó ÃóÎúÑóÌó äóÈúÊðÇ ÎóÈöíËðÇ áóÇ ÎóíúÑó Ýöíåö.
æóÇáØøóíøöÈõ æóÕúÝñ Úóáóì æóÒúäö ÝóíúÚöáò æóåöíó ÕöíÛóÉñ ÊóÏõáøõ Úóáóì ÞõæøóÉö ÇáúæóÕúÝö Ýöí ÇáúãóæúÕõæÝö ãöËúáõ: Þóíøöãò¡ æóåõæó ÇáúãõÊøóÕöÝõ ÈöÇáØøóíøöÈö¡ æóÞóÏú ÊóÞóÏøóãó ÊóÝúÓöíÑõ ÇáØøóíøöÈö ÚöäúÏó Þóæúáöåö ÊóÚóÇáóì: Þõáú ÃõÍöáøó áóßõãõ ÇáØøóíøöÈÇÊõ Ýöí ÓõæÑóÉö ÇáúãóÇÆöÏóÉö [4] ¡ æóÚöäúÏó Þóæúáöåö: íóÇ ÃóíøõåóÇ ÇáäøóÇÓõ ßõáõæÇ ãöãøóÇ Ýöí ÇáúÃóÑúÖö ÍóáÇáðÇ ØóíøöÈÇð Ýöí ÓõæÑóÉö ÇáúÈóÞóÑóÉö [168] .
æóÇáúÈóáóÏõ ÇáØøóíøöÈõ ÇáúÃóÑúÖõ ÇáúãóæúÕõæÝóÉõ ÈöÇáØøóíøöÈö¡ æóØöíÈõåóÇ ÒóßóÇÁõ ÊõÑúÈóÊöåóÇ æóãõáóÇÁóãóÊõåóÇ áöÅöÎúÑóÇÌö ÇáäøóÈóÇÊö ÇáÕøóÇáöÍö æááÒøÑÚ æóÇáúÛóÑúÓ ÇáäøÇÝÚ æóåöíó ÇáúÃóÑúÖõ ÇáäøóÞöíøóÉõ.
æóÇáøóÐöí ÎóÈõËó ÖöÏøó ÇáØøöíÈö.
æóÞóæúáõåõ: ÈöÅöÐúäö ÑóÈøöåö Ýöí ãóæúÖöÚö ÇáúÍóÇáö ãöäú äóÈÇÊõåõ æóÇáúÅöÐúäõ: ÇáúÃóãúÑõ¡ æóÇáúãõÑóÇÏõ Èöåö ÃóãúÑõ
ÇáúÚöäóÇíóÉö Èöåö ßóÞóæúáöåö: áöãÇ ÎóáóÞúÊõ ÈöíóÏóíøó [Õ: 75] áöíóÏõáøó Úóáóì ÊóÔúÑöíÝö Ðóáößó ÇáäøóÈóÇÊö¡ Ýóåõæó Ýöí ãóÚúäóì ÇáúæóÕúÝö ÈöÇáÒøóßóÇÁö¡ æóÇáúãóÚúäóì: ÇáúÈóáóÏõ ÇáØøóíøöÈõ íóÎúÑõÌõ äóÈóÇÊõåõ ØóíøöÈðÇ ÒóßöíøðÇ ãöËúáóåõ¡ æóÞóÏú ÃóÔóÇÑó Åöáóì ØöíÈö äóÈóÇÊöåö ÈöÃóäøó ÎõÑõæÌóåõ ÈöÅöÐúäö ÑóÈøöåö¡ ÝóÃõÑöíÏõ ÈöåóÐóÇ ÇáúÅöÐúäö ÅöÐúäñ ÎóÇÕøñ åõæó ÅöÐúäõ ÚöäóÇíóÉò æóÊóßúÑöíãò¡ æóáóíúÓó ÇáúãõÑóÇÏõ ÅöÐúäó ÇáÊøóÞúÏöíÑö æóÇáÊøóßúæöíäö ÝóÅöäøó Ðóáößó ÅöÐúäñ ãóÚúÑõæÝñ áóÇ íóÊóÚóáøóÞõ ÇáúÛóÑóÖõ ÈöÈóíóÇäöåö Ýöí ãöËúáö åóÐóÇ ÇáúãóÞóÇãö.
æóÇáøóÐöí ÎóÈõËó Íóãóáóåõ ÌóãöíÚõ ÇáúãõÝóÓøöÑöíäó Úóáóì Ãóäøóåõ æóÕúÝñ áöáúÈóáóÏö¡ Ãóíö ÇáúÈóáóÏõ ÇáøóÐöí ÎóÈõËó æóåõæó ãõÞóÇÈöáõ ÇáúÈóáóÏö ÇáØøóíøöÈö¡ æóÝóÓøóÑõæåõ ÈöÇáúÃóÑúÖö ÇáøóÊöí áóÇ ÊõäúÈöÊõ ÅöáøóÇ äóÈóÇÊðÇ áóÇ íóäúÝóÚõ¡ æóáóÇ íõÓúÑöÚõ ÅöäúÈóÇÊõåóÇ¡ ãöËúáó ÇáÓøöÈóÇÎö¡ æóÍóãóáõæÇ ÖóãöíÑó íóÎúÑõÌõ Úóáóì Ãóäøóåõ ÚóÇÆöÏñ áöáäøóÈóÇÊö¡ æóÌóÚóáõæÇ ÊóÞúÏöíÑó ÇáúßóáóÇãö:
æóÇáøóÐöí ÎóÈõËó áóÇ (íóÎúÑõÌõ) äóÈóÇÊõåõ ÅöáøóÇ äóßöÏðÇ¡ ÝóÍõÐöÝó ÇáúãõÖóÇÝõ Ýöí ÇáÊøóÞúÏöíÑö¡ æóåõæó äóÈóÇÊõ¡ æóÃõÞöíãó ÇáúãõÖóÇÝõ Åöáóíúåö ãóÞóÇãóåõ¡ æóåõæó ÖóãöíÑõ ÇáúÈóáóÏö ÇáøóÐöí ÎóÈõËó¡ ÇáúãõÓúÊóÊöÑõ Ýöí ÝöÚúáö íóÎúÑõÌõ.(8-È/185)
æóÇáøóÐöí íóÙúåóÑõ áöí: Ãóäú íóßõæäó ÇáøóÐöí ÕóÇÏöÞðÇ Úóáóì äóÈóÇÊö ÇáúÃóÑúÖö¡ æóÇáúãóÚúäóì: æóÇáäøóÈúÊõ ÇáøóÐöí ÎóÈõËó áóÇ íóÎúÑõÌõ ÅöáøóÇ äóßöÏðÇ¡ æóíóßõæäõ Ýöí ÇáúßóáóÇãö ÇÍúÊöÈóÇßñ ÅöÐú áóãú íõÐúßóÑú æóÕúÝõ ÇáØøóíøöÈö ÈóÚúÏó äóÈóÇÊö ÇáúÈóáóÏö ÇáØøóíøöÈö¡ æóáóãú ÊõÐúßóÑö ÇáúÃóÑúÖõ ÇáúÎóÈöíËóÉõ ÞóÈúáó ÐößúÑö ÇáäøóÈóÇÊö ÇáúÎóÈöíËö¡ áöÏóáóÇáóÉö ßöáóÇ ÇáÖøöÏøóíúäö Úóáóì ÇáúÂÎóÑö. æóÇáÊøóÞúÏöíÑõ: æóÇáúÈóáóÏõ ÇáØøóíøöÈõ íóÎúÑõÌõ äóÈóÇÊõåõ ØóíøöÈðÇ ÈöÅöÐúäö ÑóÈøöåö¡ æóÇáäøóÈóÇÊõ ÇáøóÐöí ÎóÈõËó íóÎúÑõÌõ äóßöÏðÇ ãöäó ÇáúÈóáóÏö ÇáúÎóÈöíËö¡ æóåóÐóÇ ÕõäúÚñ ÏóÞöíÞñ áóÇ íõåúãóáõ Ýöí ÇáúßóáóÇãö ÇáúÈóáöíÛö.
æóÞóÑóÃó ÇáúÌóãöíÚõ áóÇ íóÎúÑõÌõ- ÈöÝóÊúÍö ÇáÊøóÍúÊöíøóÉö æóÖóãøö ÇáÑøóÇÁö- ÅöáøóÇ ÇÈúäó æóÑúÏóÇäó Úóäú ÃóÈöí ÌóÚúÝóÑò ÞóÑóÃó ÈöÖóãøö ÇáÊøóÍúÊöíøóÉö æóßóÓúÑö ÇáÑøóÇÁö- Úóáóì ÎöáóÇÝö ÇáúãóÔúåõæÑö Úóäúåõ¡ æóÞöíáó Åöäøó äöÓúÈóÉó åóÐóÇ áöÇÈúäö æóÑúÏóÇäó Êóæóåøóãñ.
æóÇáäøóßöÏõ æóÕúÝñ ãöäó ÇáäøóßóÏö- ÈöÝóÊúÍö ÇáúßóÇÝö æóåõæó ãóÕúÏóÑõ äóßöÏó ÇáÔøóíúÁõ ÅöÐóÇ ßóÇäó ÛóíúÑó ÕóÇáöÍò íóÌõÑøõ Úóáóì ãõÓúÊóÚúãöáöåö ÔóÑøðÇ. æóÞóÑóÃó ÃóÈõæ ÌóÚúÝóÑò ÅöáøóÇ äóßöÏÇð¡ ÈöÝóÊúÍö ÇáúßóÇÝö.
æóÝöí ÊóÝúÕöíáö ãóÚúäóì ÇáúÂíóÉö
ÌóÇÁó ÇáúÍóÏöíËõ ÇáÕøóÍöíÍõ Úóä ÇáäøÈíÁ Õóáøóì Çááåõ Úóáóíúåö æóÓóáøóãó Ãóäøóåõ ÞóÇáó: «ãóËóáõ ãóÇ ÈóÚóËóäöí Çááøóåõ Èöåö ãöäó ÇáúåõÏóì æóÇáúÚöáúãö ßóãóËóáö ÇáúÛóíúËö ÇáúßóËöíÑö ÃóÕóÇÈó ÃóÑúÖðÇ ÝóßóÇäó ãöäúåóÇ äóÞöíøóÉñ ÞóÈöáóÊö ÇáúãóÇÁó ÝóÃóäúÈóÊóÊö ÇáúßóáóÃó æóÇáúÚõÔúÈó ÇáúßóËöíÑó¡ æóßóÇäóÊú ãöäúåóÇ ÃóÌóÇÏöÈõ ÃóãúÓóßóÊö ÇáúãóÇÁó ÝóäóÝóÚó ÈöåóÇ Çááøóåõ ÇáäøóÇÓó ÝóÔóÑöÈõæÇ æóÓóÞóæúÇ æóÒóÑóÚõæÇ¡ æóÃóÕóÇÈó ØóÇÆöÝóÉð ÃõÎúÑóì ÅöäøóãóÇ åöíó ÞöíÚóÇäñ áóÇ ÊõãúÓößõ ãóÇÁð æóáóÇ ÊõäúÈöÊõ ßóáóÃð ÝóÐóáößó ãóËóáõ ãóäú ÝóÞöåó Ýöí Ïöíäö Çááøóåö æóäóÝóÚóåõ ãóÇ ÈóÚóËóäöí Çááøóåõ Èöåö ÝóÚóáöãó æóÚóáøóãó¡ æóãóËóáõ ãóäú áóãú íóÑúÝóÚú áöÐóáößó ÑóÃúÓðÇ æóáóãú íóÞúÈóáú åõÏóì Çááøóåö ÇáøóÐöí ÃõÑúÓöáúÊõ Èöåö» .
æóÇáúÅöÔóÇÑóÉõ ÈöÞóæúáöåö: ßóÐáößó äõÕóÑøöÝõ ÇáúÂíÇÊö Åöáóì ÊóÝóäøõäö ÇáöÇÓúÊöÏúáóÇáö ÈöÇáÏøóáóÇÆöáö ÇáÏøóÇáøóÉö Úóáóì ÚóÙöíãö ÇáúÞõÏúÑóÉö ÇáúãõÞúÊóÖöíóÉö ÇáúæóÍúÏóÇäöíøóÉó¡ æóÇáÏøóÇáøóÉö ÃóíúÖðÇ Úóáóì æõÞõæÚö ÇáúÈóÚúËö ÈóÚúÏó ÇáúãóæúÊö¡ æóÇáÏøóÇáøóÉö Úóáóì ÇÎúÊöáóÇÝö ÞóÇÈöáöíøóÉö ÇáäøóÇÓö áöáúåõÏóì æóÇáöÇäúÊöÝóÇÚö Èöåö ÈöÇáöÇÓúÊöÏúáóÇáö ÇáúæóÇÖöÍö ÇáúÈóíøöäö ÇáúãõÞóÑøóÈö Ýöí ÌóãöíÚ Ðóáöß¡ ÝóáÐóáöß ÊóÕúÑöíÝñ Ãóíú ÊóäúæöíÚñ æóÊóÝúäöíäñ áöáúÂíóÇÊö(8-È/186)
áóÞóÏú ÃóÑúÓóáúäóÇ äõæÍðÇ Åöáóì Þóæúãöåö ÝóÞóÇáó íóÇ Þóæúãö ÇÚúÈõÏõæÇ Çááøóåó ãóÇ áóßõãú ãöäú Åöáóåò ÛóíúÑõåõ Åöäøöí ÃóÎóÇÝõ Úóáóíúßõãú ÚóÐóÇÈó íóæúãò ÚóÙöíãò (59)
Ãóíö ÇáÏøóáóÇÆöáö.
æóÇáúãõÑóÇÏõ ÈöÇáúÞóæúãö ÇáøóÐöíäó íóÔúßõÑõæäó: ÇáúãõÄúãöäõæäó: ÊóäúÈöíåðÇ Úóáóì Ãóäøóåõãú ãóæúÑöÏõ ÇáÊøóãúËöíáö ÈöÇáúÈóáóÏö ÇáØøóíøöÈö¡ æóÃóäøó ÛóíúÑóåõãú ãóæúÑöÏõ ÇáÊøóãúËöíáö ÈöÇáúÈóáóÏö ÇáúÎóÈöíËö¡ æóåóÐóÇ ßóÞóæúáöåö ÊóÚóÇáóì: æóÊöáúßó ÇáúÃóãúËÇáõ äóÖúÑöÈõåÇ áöáäøóÇÓö æóãÇ íóÚúÞöáõåÇ ÅöáøóÇ ÇáúÚÇáöãõæäó [ÇáÚäßÈæÊ: 43] .
[59]
[ÓõæÑóÉ ÇáúÃóÚúÑóÇÝ (7) : ÂíóÉ 59]
áóÞóÏú ÃóÑúÓóáúäÇ äõæÍÇð Åöáì Þóæúãöåö ÝóÞÇáó íóÇ Þóæúãö ÇÚúÈõÏõæÇ Çááøóåó ãóÇ áóßõãú ãöäú Åöáåò ÛóíúÑõåõ Åöäøöí ÃóÎÇÝõ Úóáóíúßõãú ÚóÐÇÈó íóæúãò ÚóÙöíãò (59)
ÇÓúÊöÆúäóÇÝñ ÇäúÊóÞóáó Èöåö ÇáúÛóÑóÖõ ãöäú ÅöÞóÇãóÉö ÇáúÍõÌøóÉö æóÇáúãöäøóÉö (ÇáúãõÈúÊóÏöÆóÉö ÈöÞóæúáöåö ÊóÚóÇáóì: æóáóÞóÏú ãóßøóäøóÇßõãú Ýöí ÇáúÃóÑúÖö [ÇáúÃóÚúÑóÇÝ: 10] ¡ æóÊóäúÈöíåö Ãóåúáö ÇáÖøóáóÇáóÉö Ãóäøóåõãú ÛóÇÑöÞõæäó Ýöí ßóíúÏö ÇáÔøóíúØóÇäö¡ ÇáøóÐöí åõæó ÚóÏõæøõ äóæúÚöåöãú¡ ãöäú Þóæúáöåö: ÞÇáó ÝóÈöãÇ ÃóÛúæóíúÊóäöí áóÃóÞúÚõÏóäøó áóåõãú ÕöÑÇØóßó ÇáúãõÓúÊóÞöíãó- Åöáóì Þóæúáöåö: æóÃóäú ÊóÞõæáõæÇ Úóáóì Çááøóåö ãóÇ áóÇ ÊóÚúáóãõæäó [ÇáúÃóÚúÑóÇÝ: 16- 33] ¡ Ëõãøó ÈöÇáÊøóåúÏöíÏö ÈöæóÕúÝö ÚóÐóÇÈö ÇáúÂÎöÑóÉö æóÃóÍúæóÇáö ÇáäøóÇÓö Ýöíåö¡ æóãóÇ ÊóÎóáøóáó Ðóáößó ãöäó ÇáúÃóãúËóÇáö æóÇáÊøóÚúÑöíÖö) Åöáóì ÛóÑóÖö ÇáöÇÚúÊöÈóÇÑö æóÇáúãóæúÚöÙóÉö ÈöãóÇ Íóáøó ÈöÇáúÃõãóãö ÇáúãóÇÖöíóÉö. ÝóåóÐóÇ ÇáöÇÓúÊöÆúäóÇÝõ áóåõ ãóÒöíÏõ ÇÊøöÕóÇáò ÈöÞóæúáöåö Ýöí ÃóæóÇÆöáö ÇáÓøõæÑóÉö [4] : æóßóãú ãöäú ÞóÑúíóÉò ÃóåúáóßúäÇåÇ ÇáúÂíóÉó¡ æóÞóÏú ÃõÝöíÖó ÇáúÞóæúáõ Ýöíåö Ýöí ãõÚúÙóãö ÇáÓøõæÑóÉö æóÊóÊúÈóÚõ åóÐóÇ ÇáöÇÚúÊöÈóÇÑó ÃóÛúÑóÇÖñ ÃõÎúÑóì: æóåöíó ÊóÓúáöíóÉ ÇáÑøÓæá Õóáøóì Çááåõ Úóáóíúåö æóÓóáøóãó¡ æóÊóÚúáöíãõ ÃõãøóÊöåö ÈöÊóÇÑöíÎö ÇáúÃõãóãö ÇáøóÊöí ÞóÈúáóåóÇ ãöäó ÇáúÃõãóãö ÇáúãõÑúÓóáö Åöáóíúåöãú¡ áöíóÚúáóãó ÇáúãõßóÐøöÈõæäó ãöäó ÇáúÚóÑóÈö Ãóäú áóÇ ÛóÖóÇÖóÉó Úáì ãÍãøÏ Õóáøóì Çááåõ Úóáóíúåö æóÓóáøóãó æóáóÇ Úóáóì ÑöÓóÇáóÊöåö ãöäú ÊóßúÐöíÈöåöãú¡ æóáóÇ íóÌúÚóáõåõ Ðóáößó Ïõæäó ÛóíúÑöåö ãöäó ÇáÑøõÓõáö¡ Èóáúåó Ãóäú íõÄóíøöÏó ÒóÚúãóåõãú Ãóäøóåõ áóæú ßóÇäó ÕóÇÏöÞðÇ Ýöí ÑöÓóÇáóÊöåö áóÃóíøóÏóåõ Çááå ÈÚÞÇÈ ãßÐøíÈå (áóãøóÇ ÞóÇáõæÇ Úóáóì ÓóÈöíáö ÇáÊøóåóßøõãö Ãóæö ÇáúÍöÌóÇÌö: «Çááøóåõãøó Åöäú ßóÇäó åóÐóÇ åõæó ÇáúÍóÞøó ãöäú ÚöäúÏößó ÝóÃóãúØöÑú ÚóáóíúäóÇ ÍöÌóÇÑóÉð ãöäó ÇáÓøóãóÇÁö Ãóæö ÇÆúÊöäóÇ ÈöÚóÐóÇÈò Ãóáöíãò» ) . æóáöíóÚúáóãó Ãóåúáõ ÇáúßöÊóÇÈö æóÛóíúÑõåõãú Ãóäøó ãóÇ áÞöíå ãÍãøÏ Õóáøóì Çááåõ Úóáóíúåö æóÓóáøóãó ãöäú Þóæúãöåö åõæó ÔöäúÔöäóÉõ Ãóåúáö ÇáÔøóÞóÇæóÉö ÊöáúÞóÇÁó ÏóÚúæóÉö ÑõÓõáö Çááøóåö. æóÃõßøöÏó åóÐóÇ ÇáúÎóÈóÑõ ÈöáóÇãö ÇáúÞóÓóãö æóÍóÑúÝö ÇáÊøóÍúÞöíÞö áöÃóäøó ÇáúÛóÑóÖó ãöäú åóÐöåö ÇáúÃóÎúÈóÇÑö(8-È/187)
ÊóäúÙöíÑõ ÃóÍúæóÇáö ÇáúÃõãóãö ÇáúãõßóÐøöÈóÉö ÑõÓõáóåóÇ ÈöÍóÇáö ãõÔúÑößöí ÇáúÚóÑóÈö Ýöí ÊóßúÐöíÈöåöãú ÑöÓóÇáóÉ ãÍãøÏ Õóáøóì Çááåõ Úóáóíúåö æóÓóáøóãó.
æóßóËõÑó Ýöí ÇáúßóáóÇãö ÇÞúÊöÑóÇäõ ÌõãúáóÉö ÌóæóÇÈö ÇáúÞÓã: ÈÞÏ áÃäø ÇáúÞÓã íåíìÁ äóÝúÓó ÇáÓøóÇãöÚö
áöÊóæóÞøõÚö ÎóÈóÑò ãõåöãøò ÝóíõÄúÊóì ÈöÞóÏú áöÃóäøóåóÇ ÊóÏõáøõ Úóáóì ÊóÍúÞöíÞö ÃóãúÑò ãõÊóæóÞøóÚò¡ ßóãóÇ ÃóËúÈóÊóåõ ÇáúÎóáöíáõ æóÇáÒøóãóÎúÔóÑöíøõ¡ æóÇáÊøóæóÞøõÚõ ÞóÏú íóßõæäõ ÊóæóÞøõÚðÇ áöáúãõÎúÈóÑö Èöåö¡ æóÞóÏú íóßõæäõ ÊóæóÞøõÚðÇ áöáúÎóÈóÑö ßóãóÇ åõäóÇ.
æóÊóÞóÏøóãó ÇáÊøóÚúÑöíÝõ ÈöäõæÍò ÚöäúÏó Þóæúáöåö ÊóÚóÇáóì Åöäøó Çááøóåó ÇÕúØóÝì ÂÏóãó æóäõæÍÇð Ýöí ÓõæÑóÉö Âáö ÚöãúÑóÇäó [33] . æóßóÇäó Þóæúãõ äõæÍò íóÓúßõäõæäó ÇáúÌóÒöíÑóÉó æóÇáúÚöÑóÇÞó¡ ÍóÓóÈó Ùóäøö ÇáúãõÄóÑøöÎöíäó. æóÚóÈøóÑó Úóäúåõãõ ÇáúÞõÑúÂäõ ÈöØóÑöíÞö ÇáúÞóæúãöíøóÉö ÇáúãõÖóÇÝóÉö Åöáóì äõæÍò ÅöÐú áóãú íóßõäú áóåõãõ ÇÓúãñ ÎóÇÕøñ ãöäú ÃóÓúãóÇÁö ÇáúÃõãóãö íõÚúÑóÝõæäó Èöåö¡ ÝóÇáÊøóÚúÑöíÝõ ÈöÇáúÅöÖóÇÝóÉö åõäóÇ áöÃóäøóåóÇ ÃóÎúÕóÑõ ØóÑöíÞò.
æóÚóØóÝó ÌõãúáóÉó ÝóÞÇáó íóÇ Þóæúãö Úóáóì ÌõãúáóÉö ÃóÑúÓóáúäÇ ÈöÇáúÝóÇÁö ÅöÔúÚóÇÑðÇ ÈöÃóäøó Ðóáößó ÇáúÞóæúáó ÕóÏóÑó ãöäúåõ ÈöÝóæúÑö ÅöÑúÓóÇáöåö¡ Ýóåöíó ãóÖúãõæäõ ãóÇ ÃõÑúÓöáó Èöåö.
æóÎóÇØóÈó äõæÍñ Þóæúãóåõ ßõáøóåõãú áöÃóäøó ÇáÏøóÚúæóÉó áóÇ Êóßõæäõ ÅöáøóÇ ÚóÇãøóÉð áóåõãú¡ æóÚóÈøóÑó Ýöí äöÏóÇÆöåöãú ÈöæóÕúÝö ÇáúÞóæúãö áöÊóÐúßöíÑöåöãú ÈöÂÕöÑóÉö ÇáúÞóÑóÇÈóÉö¡ áöíóÊóÍóÞøóÞõæÇ Ãóäøóåõ äóÇÕöÍñ æóãõÑöíÏñ ÎóíúÑóåõãú æóãõÔúÝöÞñ Úóáóíúåöãú¡ æóÃóÖóÇÝó (ÇáúÞóæúãó) Åöáóì ÖóãöíÑöåö áöáÊøóÍúÈöíÈö æóÇáÊøóÑúÞöíÞö áöÇÓúÊöÌúáóÇÈö ÇåúÊöÏóÇÆöåöãú.
æóÞóæúáõåõ áóåõãõ: ÇÚúÈõÏõæÇ Çááøóåó ãóÇ áóßõãú ãöäú Åöáåò ÛóíúÑõåõ ÅöÈúØóÇáñ áöáúÍóÇáóÉö ÇáøóÊöí ßóÇäõæÇ ÚóáóíúåóÇ¡ æóåöíó ÊóÍúÊóãöáõ Ãóäú Êóßõæäó ÍóÇáóÉõ ÔöÑúßò ßóÍóÇáóÉö ÇáúÚóÑóÈö¡ æóÊóÍúÊóãöáõ Ãóäú Êóßõæäó ÍóÇáóÉó æóËóäöíøóÉò ÈöÇÞúÊöÕóÇÑöåöãú Úáì ÚÈóÇÏóÉ áÃÕäÇã Ïõæäó Çááøóåö ÊóÚóÇáóì¡ ßóÍóÇáóÉö ÇáÕøóÇÈöÆóÉö æóÞõÏóãóÇÁö ÇáúíõæäóÇäö¡ æóÂíóÇÊõ ÇáúÞõÑúÂäö ÕóÇáöÍóÉñ áöáúÍóÇáóíúäö¡ æóÇáúãóäúÞõæáõ Ýöí ÇáúÞóÕóÕö: Ãóäøó Þóæúãó äõæÍò ßóÇäõæÇ ãõÔúÑößöíäó¡ æóåõæó ÇáøóÐöí íóÞúÊóÖöíåö ãóÇ Ýöí «ÕóÍöíÍö ÇáúÈõÎóÇÑöíøö» Úóäö ÇÈúäö ÚóÈøóÇÓò Ãóäøó ÂáöåóÉó Þóæúãö äõæÍò ÃóÓúãóÇÁõ ÌóãóÇÚóÉò ãöäú ÕóÇáöÍöíåöãú ÝóáóãøóÇ ãóÇÊõæÇ ÞóÇáó(8-È/188)
Þóæúãõåõãú: áóæö ÇÊøóÎóÐúäóÇ Ýöí ãóÌóÇáöÓöåöãú ÃóäúÕóÇÈðÇ ÝóÇÊøóÎóÐõæåóÇ æóÓóãøóæúåóÇ ÈöÃóÓúãóÇÆöåöãú ÍóÊøóì ÅöÐóÇ åóáóßó ÃõæáóÆößó æóÊóäóÓøóÎó ÇáúÚöáúãõ ÚõÈöÏóÊú.
æóÙóÇåöÑõ ãóÇ Ýöí ÓõæÑóÉö äõæÍò Ãóäøóåõãú ßóÇäõæÇ áóÇ íóÚúÈõÏõæäó Çááøóåó áöÞóæúáöåö: Ãóäö ÇÚúÈõÏõæÇ Çááøóåó æóÇÊøóÞõæåõ [äæÍ: 3] æóÙóÇåöÑõ ãóÇ Ýöí ÓõæÑóÉö ÝõÕøöáóÊú Ãóäøóåõãú íóÚúÊóÑöÝõæäó ÈöÇááøóåö áöÞóæúáöåöãú: áóæú ÔÇÁó ÑóÈøõäÇ áóÃóäúÒóáó ãóáÇÆößóÉð [ÝÕáÊ: 14] ãóÚó ÇÍúÊöãóÇáö Ãóäøóåõ ÎóÑóÌó ãóÎúÑóÌó ÇáÊøóÓúáöíãö ÇáúÌóÏóáöíøö ÝóÅöäú ßóÇäõæÇ ãõÔúÑößöíäó ßóÇäó ÃóãúÑõåõ ÅöíøóÇåõãú ÈöÚöÈóÇÏóÉö Çááøóåö ãõÞóíøóÏðÇ ÈöãóÏúáõæáö Þóæúáöåö: ãóÇ áóßõãú ãöäú Åöáåò ÛóíúÑõåõ Ãóíú ÃóÝúÑöÏõæåõ ÈöÇáúÚöÈóÇÏóÉö æóáóÇ ÊõÔúÑößõæÇ ãóÚóåõ ÇáúÃóÕúäóÇãó¡ æóÅöäú ßóÇäõæÇ ãõÞúÊóÕöÑöíäó Úóáóì ÚöÈóÇÏóÉö ÇáúÃóæúËóÇäö ßóÇäó Þóæúáõåõ: ãóÇ áóßõãú ãöäú Åöáåò ÛóíúÑõåõ ÊóÚúáöíáðÇ áöáúÅöÞúÈóÇáö Úóáóì ÚöÈóÇÏóÉö Çááøóåö¡ Ãóí åõæó ÇáúÅöáóå áóÇ ÃóæúËóÇäõßõãú.
æóÌõãúáóÉõ: ãóÇ áóßõãú ãöäú Åöáåò ÛóíúÑõåõ Úóáóì ÇáúæóÌúåö ÇáúÃóæøóáö ÈóíóÇäñ áöáúÚöÈóÇÏóÉö ÇáøóÊöí ÃóãóÑóåõãú ÈöåóÇ¡ Ãóíú ÃóÝúÑöÏõæåõ ÈöÇáúÚöÈóÇÏóÉö Ïõæäó ÛóíúÑöåö¡ ÅöÐú áóíúÓó ÛóíÑå áßã ÈÇáÅáå.
æóÚóáóì ÇáúæóÌúåö ÇáËøóÇäöí íóßõæäõ ÇÓúÊöÆúäóÇÝðÇ ÈóíóÇäöíøðÇ áöáúÃóãúÑö ÈöÇáúÅöÞúáóÇÚö Úóäú ÚöÈóÇÏóÉö ÛóíúÑöåö.
æóÞóÑóÃó ÇáúÌõãúåõæÑõ ÛóíúÑõåõ ÈöÇáÑøóÝúÚö Úóáóì ÇáÕøöÝóÉö (áöÅöáóåò) ÈöÇÚúÊöÈóÇÑö ãóÍóáøöåö áöÃóäøóåõ Ýöí ãóÍóáøö ÑóÝúÚò ÅöÐú åõæó ãõÈúÊóÏóÃñ æóÅöäøóãóÇ ÌõÑøó áöÏõÎõæáö ÍóÑúÝö ÇáúÌóÑøö ÇáÒøóÇÆöÏö æóáóÇ íõÚúÊóÏøõ ÈöÌóÑøöåö¡ æóÞóÑóÃóåõ ÇáúßöÓóÇÆöíøõ¡ æóÃóÈõæ ÌóÚúÝóÑò:
ÈöÌóÑøö ÛóíúÑö Úóáóì ÇáäøÚÊ ááøÝÙ (ÅáÇå) äóÙóÑðÇ áöÍóÑúÝö ÇáúÌóÑøö ÇáÒøóÇÆöÏö.
æóÌõãúáóÉõ: Åöäøöí ÃóÎÇÝõ Úóáóíúßõãú ÚóÐÇÈó íóæúãò íóÌõæÒõ Ãóäú Êóßõæäó Ýöí ãóæúÞöÚö ÇáÊøóÚúáöíáö¡ ßóãóÇ Ýöí «ÇáúßóÔøóÇÝö» : Ãóíú áöãóÖúãõæäö Þóæúáöåö: ãóÇ áóßõãú ãöäú Åöáåò ÛóíúÑõåõ ßóÃóäøóåõ Þöíáó: ÇÊúÑõßõæÇ ÚöÈóÇÏóÉó ÛóíúÑö Çááøóåö ÎóæúÝðÇ ãöäú ÚóÐóÇÈö íóæúãò ÚóÙöíãò¡ æóÈõäöíó äóÙúãõ ÇáúßóáóÇãö Úóáóì ÎóæúÝö ÇáúãõÊóßóáøöãö Úóáóíúåöãú¡ ÏóáóÇáóÉð Úóáóì ÅöãúÍóÇÖöåö ÇáäøõÕúÍó áóåõãú æóÍöÑúÕöåö Úóáóì ÓóáóÇãóÊöåöãú¡ ÍóÊøóì ÌóÚóáó ãóÇ íóÖõÑøõ Èöåöãú ßóÃóäøóåõ íóÖõÑøõ Èöåö¡ Ýóåõæó íóÎóÇÝõåõ ßóãóÇ íóÎóÇÝõæäó Úóáóì ÃóäúÝõÓöåöãú¡ æóÐóáößó áöÃóäøó Þóæúáóåõ åóÐóÇ ßóÇäó Ýöí ãóÈúÏóÃö ÎöØóÇÈöåöãú ÈöãóÇ ÃõÑúÓöáõ Èöåö¡ æóíõÍúÊóãóáõ Ãóäøóåõ ÞóÇáóåõ ÈóÚúÏó Ãóäú ÙóåóÑó ãöäúåõãõ ÇáÊøóßúÐöíÈõ: Ãóíú Åöäú ßõäúÊõãú áóÇ ÊóÎóÇÝõæäó ÚóÐóÇÈðÇ ÝóÅöäøöí ÃóÎóÇÝõåõ(8-È/189)
ÞóÇáó ÇáúãóáóÃõ ãöäú Þóæúãöåö ÅöäøóÇ áóäóÑóÇßó Ýöí ÖóáóÇáò ãõÈöíäò (60)
Úóáóíúßõãú¡ æóåóÐóÇ ãöäú ÑóÍúãóÉö ÇáÑøõÓõáö ÈöÞóæúãöåöãú.
æóÝöÚúáõ ÇáúÎóæúÝö íóÊóÚóÏøóì ÈöäóÝúÓöåö Åöáóì ÇáÔøóíúÁö ÇáúãóÎõæÝö ãöäúåõ¡ æóíóÊóÚóÏøóì Åöáóì ãóÝúÚõæáò ËóÇäò ÈöÍóÑúÝö (Úóáóì) ÅöÐóÇ ßóÇäó ÇáúÎóæúÝõ ãöäú ÖõÑøò íóáúÍóÞõ ÛóíúÑó ÇáúÎóÇÆöÝö¡ ßóãóÇ ÞóÇáó ÇáúÃóÍúæóÕõ:
ÝóÅöÐóÇ ÊóÒõæáõ ÊóÒõæá Úáì ãõÊóÎóãøöØò ... ÊõÎúÔóì ÈóæóÇÏöÑõåõ Úóáóì ÇáúÃóÞúÑóÇäö
æóíóÌõæÒõ Ãóäú Êóßõæäó ãõÓúÊóÃúäóÝóÉð ËóÇäöíóÉð ÈóÚúÏó ÌõãúáóÉö ÇÚúÈõÏõæÇ Çááøóåó áöÞóÕúÏö ÇáúÅöÑúåóÇÈö æóÇáúÅöäúÐóÇÑö¡ æóäõßúÊóÉõ ÈöäóÇÁö äóÙúãö ÇáúßóáóÇãö Úóáóì ÎóæúÝö ÇáúãõÊóßóáøöãö Úóáóíúåöãú åöíó åöíó.
æóÇáúÚóÐóÇÈõ ÇáúãóÎõæÝõ æóíóæúãõåõ íõÍúÊóãóáõ ÃóäøóåõãóÇ Ýöí ÇáúÂÎöÑóÉö Ãóæú Ýöí ÇáÏøõäúíóÇ¡ æóÇáúÃóÙúåóÑõ ÇáúÃóæøóáõ áöÃóäøó ÌóæóÇÈóåõãú ÈöÃóäøóåõ Ýöí ÖóáóÇáò ãõÈöíäò íõÔúÚöÑõ ÈöÃóäøóåõãú ÃóÍóÇáõæÇ ÇáúæóÍúÏóÇäöíøóÉó æóÃóÍóÇáõæÇ ÇáúÈóÚúËó ßóãóÇ íóÏõáøõ Úóáóíúåö Þóæúáõåõ Ýöí ÓõæÑóÉö äõæÍò [17¡ 18] : æóÇááøóåõ ÃóäúÈóÊóßõãú ãöäó ÇáúÃóÑúÖö äóÈÇÊÇð Ëõãøó íõÚöíÏõßõãú ÝöíåÇ æóíõÎúÑöÌõßõãú ÅöÎúÑÇÌÇð ÝóÍóÇáõåõãú ßóÍóÇáö ãõÔúÑößöí ÇáúÚóÑóÈö áöÃóäøó ÚöÈóÇÏóÉó ÇáúÃóÕúäóÇãö ÊõãóÍøöÖõ ÃóåúáóåóÇ áöáöÇÞúÊöÕóÇÑö Úóáóì ÃÛÑÇÖ ÇáÏøäíÇ.
[60]
[ÓõæÑóÉ ÇáúÃóÚúÑóÇÝ (7) : ÂíóÉ 60]
ÞÇáó ÇáúãóáóÃõ ãöäú Þóæúãöåö ÅöäøóÇ áóäóÑÇßó Ýöí ÖóáÇáò ãõÈöíäò (60)
ÝõÕöáóÊú ÌõãúáóÉõ ÞÇáó Úóáóì ØóÑöíÞóÉö ÇáúÝóÕúáö Ýöí ÇáúãõÍóÇæóÑóÇÊö¡ æóÇÞúÊóÑóäó ÌóæóÇÈõåõãú ÈöÍóÑúÝö ÇáÊøóÃúßöíÏö áöáÏøóáóÇáóÉö Úóáóì Ãóäøóåõãú ÍóÞøóÞõæÇ æóÃóßøóÏõæÇ ÇÚúÊöÞóÇÏóåõãú Ãóäøó äõæÍðÇ ãõäúÛóãöÓñ Ýöí ÇáÖøóáóÇáóÉö. ÇáúãóáóÃõ ãóåúãõæÒñ ÈöÛóíúÑö ãóÏøò: ÇáúÌóãóÇÚóÉõ ÇáøóÐöíäó ÃóãúÑõåõãú æóÇÍöÏñ æóÑóÃúíõåõãú æóÇÍöÏ áÃäøåã íãÇáìÁ ÈóÚúÖõåõãú ÈóÚúÖðÇ¡
Ãóíú íõÚóÇæöäõåõ æóíõæóÇÝöÞõåõ¡ æóíõØúáóÞõ ÇáúãóáóÃõ Úóáóì ÃóÔúÑóÇÝö ÇáúÞóæúãö æóÞóÇÏóÊöåöãú áöÃóäøó ÔóÃúäóåõãú Ãóäú íóßõæäó ÑóÃúíõåõãú æóÇÍöÏðÇ Úóäú ÊóÔóÇæõÑò¡ æóåóÐóÇ ÇáúãóÚúäóì åõæó ÇáúãõäóÇÓöÈõ Ýöí åóÐöåö ÇáúÂíóÉö ÈöÞóÑöíäóÉö (ãöäú) ÇáÏøóÇáøóÉö Úóáóì ÇáÊøóÈúÚöíÖö Ãóíú Ãóäøó ÞóÇÏóÉó ÇáúÞóæúãö åõãõ ÇáøóÐöíäó ÊóÕóÏøóæúÇ áöãõÌóÇÏóáóÉö äõæÍò æóÇáúãõäóÇÖóáóÉö Úóäú Ïöíäöåöãú ÈöãóÓúãóÚò ãöäó ÇáúÞóæúãö ÇáøóÐöíäó ÎóÇØóÈó ÌóãöíÚóåõãú¡ æóÇáÑøõÄúíóÉõ ÞóáúÈöíøóÉñ ÈöãóÚúäóì ÇáúÚöáúãö¡ Ãóíú ÅöäøóÇ áóäõæÞöäõ Ãóäøóßó Ýöí ÖóáóÇáò ãõÈöíäò æóáóãú íõæÕóÝö ÇáúãóáóÃõ åõäóÇ ÈöÇáøóÐöíäó ßóÝóÑõæÇ¡ Ãóæú ÈöÇáøóÐöíäó ÇÓúÊóßúÈóÑõæÇ ßóãóÇ æõÕöÝó ÇáúãóáóÃõ Ýöí ÞöÕøóÉö åõæÏò ÈöÇáøóÐöíäó(8-È/190)
ÞóÇáó íóÇ Þóæúãö áóíúÓó Èöí ÖóáóÇáóÉñ æóáóßöäøöí ÑóÓõæáñ ãöäú ÑóÈøö ÇáúÚóÇáóãöíäó (61) ÃõÈóáøöÛõßõãú ÑöÓóÇáóÇÊö ÑóÈøöí æóÃóäúÕóÍõ áóßõãú æóÃóÚúáóãõ ãöäó Çááøóåö ãóÇ áóÇ ÊóÚúáóãõæäó (62) ÃóæóÚóÌöÈúÊõãú Ãóäú ÌóÇÁóßõãú ÐößúÑñ ãöäú ÑóÈøößõãú Úóáóì ÑóÌõáò ãöäúßõãú áöíõäúÐöÑóßõãú æóáöÊóÊøóÞõæÇ æóáóÚóáøóßõãú ÊõÑúÍóãõæäó (63)
ßóÝóÑõæÇ ÇÓúÊöÛúäóÇÁð ÈöÏóáóÇáóÉö ÇáúãóÞóÇãö Úóáóì Ãóäøóåõãú ßóÐøóÈõæÇ æóßóÝóÑõæÇ.
æóÙóÑúÝöíøóÉõ Ýöí ÖóáÇáò ãóÌóÇÒöíøóÉñ ÊóÚúÈöíÑðÇ Úóäú Êóãóßøõäö æóÕúÝö ÇáÖøóáóÇáö ãöäúåõ ÍóÊøóì ßóÃóäøóåõ ãõÍöíØñ Èöåö ãöäú ÌóæóÇäöÈöåö ÅöÍóÇØóÉó ÇáÙøóÑúÝö ÈöÇáúãóÙúÑõæÝö.
«æóÇáÖøóáóÇáõ» ÇÓúãõ ãóÕúÏóÑö Öóáøó ÅöÐóÇ ÃóÎúØóÃó ÇáØøóÑöíÞó ÇáúãõæÕöáó¡ «æóÇáúãõÈöíäõ» ÇÓúãõ ÝóÇÚöáò ãöäú ÃóÈóÇäó ÇáúãõÑóÇÏöÝö ÈóÇäó¡ æóÐóáößó åõæó ÇáÖøóáóÇáõ ÇáúÈóÇáöÛõ ÇáúÛóÇíóÉó Ýöí ÇáúÈõÚúÏö Úóäú ØóÑöíÞö ÇáúÍóÞøö¡ æóåóÐöåö ÔõÈúåóÉñ ãöäúåõãú ÝóÅöäøóåõãú ÊóæóåøóãõæÇ Ãóäøó ÇáúÍóÞøó åõæó ãóÇ åõãú Úóáóíúåö¡ ÝóáóÇ ÚóÌóÈó ÅöÐóÇ ÌóÚóáõæÇ ãóÇ ÈóÚõÏó Úóäúåõ ÈõÚúÏðÇ ÚóÙöíãðÇ ÖóáóÇáðÇ ÈóíøöäðÇ áöÃóäøóåõ ÎóÇáóÝóåõãú¡ æóÌóÇÁó ÈöãóÇ íóÚõÏøõæäóåõ ãöäó ÇáúãõÍóÇáö¡ ÅöÐú äóÝóì ÇáúÅöáóåöíøóÉó Úóäú ÂáöåóÊöåöãú¡ ÝóåóÐöåö ãõÎóÇáóÝóÉñ¡ æóÃóËúÈóÊóåóÇ áöáøóåö æóÍúÏóåõ¡ ÝóÅöäú ßóÇäõæÇ æóËóäöíøöíäó ÝóåóÐöåö ãõÎóÇáóÝóÉñ ÃõÎúÑóì¡ æóÊóæóÚøóÏóåõãú ÈöÚóÐóÇÈò Úóáóì Ðóáößó æóåóÐöåö ãõÎóÇáóÝóÉñ ÃóíúÖðÇ¡ æóÅöäú ßóÇäó ÇáúÚóÐóÇÈõ ÇáøóÐöí ÊóæóÚøóÏóåõãú Èöåö ÚóÐóÇÈõ ÇáúÂÎöÑóÉö ÝóÞóÏú ÃóÎúÈóÑóåõãú ÈöÃóãúÑò ãõÍóÇáò ÚöäúÏóåõãú æóåõæó ÇáúÈóÚúËõ¡ Ýóåöíó ãõÎóÇáöÝóÉñ ÃõÎúÑóì¡ ÝóÖóáóÇáõåõ ÚöäúÏóåõãú ãõÈöíäñ¡ æóÞóÏú íóÊóÝóÇæóÊõ ÙõåõæÑõåõ¡ æóÇÏøóÚóì Ãóäøó Çááøóåó ÃóÑúÓóáóåõ æóåóÐóÇ Ýöí ÒóÚúãöåöãú ÊóÚóãøõÏõ ßóÐöÈò æóÓóÝóÇåóÉõ ÚóÞúáò æóÇÏøöÚóÇÁõ ãõÍóÇáò ßóãóÇ Íõßöíó Úóäúåõãú Ýöí Þóæúáöåö ÊóÚóÇáóì: ÞÇáó ÇáúãóáóÃõ ÇáøóÐöíäó ßóÝóÑõæÇ ãöäú Þóæúãöåö ÅöäøóÇ áóäóÑÇßó Ýöí ÓóÝÇåóÉò æóÅöäøóÇ áóäóÙõäøõßó ãöäó ÇáúßÇÐöÈöíäó [ÇáúÃóÚúÑóÇÝ: 66]- æóÞóæúáöåö åõäóÇ- ÃóæóÚóÌöÈúÊõãú Ãóäú ÌÇÁóßõãú ÐößúÑñ ãöäú ÑóÈøößõãú [ÇáúÃóÚúÑóÇÝ: 63] ÇáúÂíóÉ.
[61- 63]
[ÓõæÑóÉ ÇáúÃóÚúÑóÇÝ (7) : ÂíóÉ 61]
ÞÇáó íóÇ Þóæúãö áóíúÓó Èöí ÖóáÇáóÉñ æóáßöäøöí ÑóÓõæáñ ãöäú ÑóÈøö ÇáúÚÇáóãöíäó (61)
[62]
[ÓõæÑóÉ ÇáúÃóÚúÑóÇÝ (7) : ÂíóÉ 62]
ÃõÈóáøöÛõßõãú ÑöÓÇáÇÊö ÑóÈøöí æóÃóäúÕóÍõ áóßõãú æóÃóÚúáóãõ ãöäó Çááøóåö ãóÇ áóÇ ÊóÚúáóãõæäó (62)
[63]
[ÓõæÑóÉ ÇáúÃóÚúÑóÇÝ (7) : ÂíóÉ 63]
ÃóæóÚóÌöÈúÊõãú Ãóäú ÌÇÁóßõãú ÐößúÑñ ãöäú ÑóÈøößõãú Úóáì ÑóÌõáò ãöäúßõãú áöíõäúÐöÑóßõãú æóáöÊóÊøóÞõæÇ æóáóÚóáøóßõãú ÊõÑúÍóãõæäó (63)
ÝõÕöáóÊú ÌõãúáóÉõ: ÞÇáó Úóáóì ØóÑöíÞóÉö ÝóÕúáö ÇáúãõÍóÇæóÑóÇÊö. æóÇáäøöÏóÇÁõ Ýöí ÌóæóÇÈöåö ÅöíøóÇåõãú áöáöÇåúÊöãóÇãö ÈöÇáúÎóÈóÑö¡ æóáóãú íóÎõÕøó ÎõØøóÇÈóåõ ÈöÇáøóÐöíäó ÌóÇæóÈõæåõ¡ Èóáú ÃóÚóÇÏó ÇáúÎöØóÇÈó Åöáóì ÇáúÞóæúãö ßõáøöåöãú¡ áöÃóäøó ÌóæóÇÈóåõ ãóÚó ßóæúäöåö ãõÌóÇÏóáóÉð(8-È/191)
áöáúãóáóÃö ãöäú Þóæúãöåö åõæó ÃóíúÖðÇ íóÊóÖóãøóäõ ÏóÚúæóÉð ÚóÇãøóÉð¡ ßóãóÇ åõæó Èóíøöäñ¡ æóÊóÞóÏøóãó ÂäöÝðÇ äõßúÊóÉõ ÇáÊøóÚúÈöíÑö Ýöí äöÏóÇÆöåöãú ÈöæóÕúÝö ÇáúÞóæúãö ÇáúãõÖóÇÝö Åöáóì ÖóãöíÑöåö¡ ÝóÃóÚóÇÏó Ðóáößó ãóÑøóÉð ËóÇäöíóÉð
ÇÓúÊöäúÒóÇáðÇ áöØóÇÆöÑö äõÝõæÓöåöãú ãöãøóÇ ÓóíóÚúÞõÈõ ÇáäøöÏóÇÁó ãöäó ÇáÑøóÏøö Úóáóíúåöãú æóÅöÈúØóÇáö Þóæúáöåöãú ÅöäøóÇ áóäóÑÇßó Ýöí ÖóáÇáò ãõÈöíäò [ÇáúÃóÚúÑóÇÝ: 60] .
æóÇáÖøóáóÇáóÉõ ãóÕúÏóÑñ ãöËúáõ ÇáÖøóáóÇáö¡ ÝóÊóÃúäöíËõåõ áóÝúÙöíøñ ãóÍúÖñ¡ æóÇáúÚóÑóÈõ íóÓúÊóÔúÚöÑõæäó ÇáÊøóÃúäöíËó ÛóÇáöÈðÇ Ýöí ÃóÓúãóÇÁö ÃóÌúäóÇÓö ÇáúãóÚóÇäöí¡ ãöËúáö ÇáúÛóæóÇíóÉö æóÇáÓøóÝóÇåóÉö¡ ÝóÇáÊøóÇÁõ áöãõÌóÑøóÏö ÊóÃúäöíËö ÇááøóÝúÙö æóáóíúÓó Ýöí åóÐöåö ÇáÊøóÇÁö ãóÚúäóì ÇáúæóÍúÏóÉö áöÃóäøó ÃóÓúãóÇÁó ÃóÌúäóÇÓö ÇáúãóÚóÇäöí áóÇ ÊõÑóÇÚóì ÝöíåóÇ ÇáúãõÔóÎøöÕóÇÊõ¡ ÝóáóíúÓó ÇáÖøóáóÇáõ ÈöãóäúÒöáóÉö ÇÓúãö ÇáúÌóãúÚö áöáÖøóáóÇáóÉö¡ ÎöáóÇÝðÇ áöãóÇ Ýöí «ÇáúßóÔøóÇÝö» ¡ æóßóÃóäøóåõ ÍóÇæóáó ÅöËúÈóÇÊó ÇáúÝóÑúÞö Èóíúäó Þóæúáö Þóæúãöåö áóåõ ÅöäøóÇ áóäóÑÇßó Ýöí ÖóáÇáò [ÇáúÃóÚúÑóÇÝ: 60] ¡ æóÞóæúáöåö åõæó: áóíúÓó Èöí ÖóáÇáóÉñ æóÊóÈöÚóåõ Ýöíåö ÇáúÝóÎúÑõ¡ æóÇÈúäõ ÇáúÃóËöíÑö Ýöí «ÇáúãóËóáö ÇáÓøóÇÆöÑö» ¡ æóÞóÏú ÊßáøÝ áÊÕÍíÍå ÇáÊÝÊÇÒÇäíø¡ æóáóÇ ÍóÇÌóÉó Åöáóì Ðóáößó¡ áöÃóäøó ÇáÊøóÎóÇáõÝó Èóíúäó ßóáöãóÊöí ÖóáóÇáò æóÖóáóÇáóÉò ÇÞúÊóÖóÇåõ ÇáÊøóÝóäøõäõ ÍóíúËõ ÓóÈóÞó áóÝúÙõ ÖóáóÇáò¡ æóãõæÌöÈõ ÓóÈúÞöåö ÅöÑóÇÏóÉõ æóÕúÝöåö È ãõÈöíäò [ÇáúÃóÚúÑóÇÝ: 60] ¡ Ýóáóæú ÚóÈøóÑó åõäóÇáößó ÈöáóÝúÙö ÖóáóÇáóÉò áóßóÇäó æóÕúÝõåóÇ ÈöãõÈöíäóÉò ÛóíúÑó ãóÃúáõæÝö ÇáöÇÓúÊöÚúãóÇáö¡ æóáóãøóÇ ÊóÞóÏøóãó áÝÙ ÖóáÇáò [ÇáúÃóÚúÑóÇÝ: 60] ÇÓúÊõÍúÓöäó Ãóäú íõÚóÇÏó ÈöáóÝúÙò íõÛóÇíöÑõåõ Ýöí ÇáÓøõæÑóÉö ÏóÝúÚðÇ áöËöÞóáö ÇáúÅöÚóÇÏóÉö ÝóÞóæúáõåõ: áóíúÓó Èöí ÖóáÇáóÉñ ÑóÏøñ áöÞóæúáöåöãú:
ÅöäøóÇ áóäóÑÇßó Ýöí ÖóáÇáò ãõÈöíäò [ÇáúÃóÚúÑóÇÝ: 60] ÈöãõÓóÇæöíåö áóÇ ÈöÃóÈúáóÛó ãöäúåõ.
æóÇáúÈóÇÁõ Ýöí Þóæúáöåö: Èöí áöáúãõÕóÇÍóÈóÉö Ãóæö ÇáúãõáóÇÈóÓóÉö¡ æóåöíó ÊõäóÇÞöÖõ ãóÚúäóì ÇáÙøóÑúÝöíøóÉö ÇáúãóÌóÇÒöíøóÉö ãöäú Þóæúáöåöãú Ýöí ÖóáÇáò [ÇáúÃóÚúÑóÇÝ: 60] ÝóÅöäøóåõãú ÌóÚóáõæÇ ÇáÖøóáóÇáó ãõÊóãóßøöäðÇ ãöäúåõ¡ ÝóäóÝóì åõæó Ãóäú íóßõæäó áöáÖøóáóÇáö ãõÊóáóÈøóÓñ Èöåö.
æóÊóÌúÑöíÏõ áóíúÓó ãöäú ÊóÇÁö ÇáÊøóÃúäöíËö ãóÚó ßóæúäö ÇÓúãöåóÇ ãõÄóäøóËó ÇááøóÝúÙö ÌóÑóì Úóáóì ÇáúÌóæóÇÒö Ýöí ÊóÌúÑöíÏö ÇáúÝöÚúáö ãöäú ÚóáóÇãóÉö ÇáÊøóÃúäöíËö¡ ÅöÐóÇ ßóÇäó ãóÑúÝõæÚõåõ ÛóíúÑó ÍóÞöíÞöíøö ÇáÊøóÃúäöíËö¡ æóáöãóßóÇäö ÇáúÝóÕúáö ÈöÇáúãóÌúÑõæÑö.
æóÇáöÇÓúÊöÏúÑóÇßõ ÇáøóÐöí Ýöí Þóæúáöåö æóáßöäøöí ÑóÓõæáñ áöÑóÝúÚö ãóÇ Êóæóåøóãõæåõ ãöäú Ãóäøóåõ Ýöí ÖóáóÇáò ÍóíúËõ ÎóÇáóÝó Ïöíäóåõãú¡ Ãóíú åõæó Ýöí ÍóÇáö ÑöÓóÇáóÉò Úóäö Çááøóåö¡ ãóÚó ãóÇ ÊóÞúÊóÖöí ÇáÑøöÓóÇáóÉõ(8-È/192)
ãöäó ÇáÊøóÈúáöíÛö æóÇáäøõÕúÍö æóÇáúÅöÎúÈóÇÑö ÈöãóÇ áóÇ íóÚúáóãõæäóåõ¡ æóÐóáößó ãóÇ ÍóÓöÈõæåõ ÖóáóÇáðÇ¡ æóÔóÃúäõ (áóßöäøó) Ãóäú Êóßõæäó ÌõãúáóÊõåóÇ ãõÝöíÏóÉð ãóÚúäóì íõÛóÇíöÑõ ãóÚúäóì ÇáúÌõãúáóÉö ÇáúæóÇÞöÚóÉö ÞóÈúáóåóÇ¡ æóáóÇ ÊóÏõáøõ Úóáóíúåö ÇáúÌõãúáóÉõ ÇáÓøóÇÈöÞóÉõ æóÐóáößó åõæó ÍóÞöíÞóÉõ ÇáöÇÓúÊöÏúÑóÇßö ÇáúãóæúÖõæÚóÉõ áóåõ (áóßöäøó) ÝóáóÇ ÈõÏøó ãöäú ãõäóÇÓóÈóÉò Èóíúäó ãóÖúãõæäóíö ÇáúÌõãúáóÊóíúäö: ÅöãøóÇ Ýöí ÇáúãõÓúäóÏö äóÍúæó æóáóæú ÃóÑÇßóåõãú ßóËöíÑÇð áóÝóÔöáúÊõãú æóáóÊóäÇÒóÚúÊõãú Ýöí ÇáúÃóãúÑö æóáßöäøó Çááøóåó Óóáøóãó [ÇáúÃóäúÝóÇá: 43] Ãóæú Ýöí ÇáúãõÓúäóÏö Åöáóíúåö äóÍúæó æóãÇ ÑóãóíúÊó ÅöÐú ÑóãóíúÊó æóáßöäøó Çááøóåó Ñóãì [ÇáúÃóäúÝóÇá: 17] ÝóáóÇ íóÍúÓõäõ Ãóäú ÊóÞõæáó: ãóÇ ÓóÇÝóÑúÊõ æóáóßöäøöí ãõÞöíãñ¡ æóÃóßúËóÑõ æõÞõæÚöåóÇ ÈóÚúÏó ÌõãúáóÉò ãóäúÝöíøóÉò¡ áöÃóäøó ÇáäøóÝúíó ãóÚúäðì æóÇÓöÚñ¡ ÝóíóßúËõÑõ Ãóäú
íóÍúÊóÇÌó ÇáúãõÊóßóáøöãõ ÈóÚúÏóåõ Åöáóì ÒöíóÇÏóÉö ÈóíóÇäò¡ ÝóíóÃúÊöí ÈöÇáöÇÓúÊöÏúÑóÇßö¡ æóãóäú ÞóÇáó: Åöäøó ÍóÞöíÞóÉó ÇáöÇÓúÊöÏúÑóÇßö åõæó ÑóÝúÚõ ãóÇ íóÊóæóåøóãõ ÇáÓøóÇãöÚõ ËõÈõæÊóåõ Ãóæú äóÝúíóåõ ÝóÅöäøóãóÇ äóÙóÑó Åöáóì ÈóÚúÖö ÃóÍúæóÇáö ÇáöÇÓúÊöÏúÑóÇßö Ãóæú Åöáóì ÈóÚúÖö ÃóÛúÑóÇÖö æõÞõæÚöåö Ýöí ÇáúßóáóÇãö ÇáúÈóáöíÛö¡ æóáóíúÓó ãõÑóÇÏõåõãú Ãóäøó ÍóÞöíÞóÉó ÇáöÇÓúÊöÏúÑóÇß áóÇ ÊÊÞæã ÅöáøóÇ ÈöÐóáößó.
æóÇÎúÊöíóÇÑõ ØóÑöíÞö ÇáúÅöÖóÇÝóÉö Ýöí ÊóÚúÑöíÝö ÇáúãõÑúÓóáö: áöãóÇ ÊõÄúÐöäõ Èöåö ãöäú ÊóÝúÎöíãö ÇáúãõÖóÇÝö æóãöäú æõÌõæÈö ØóÇÚóÊöåö Úóáóì ÌóãöíÚö ÇáäøóÇÓö¡ ÊóÚúÑöíÖðÇ ÈöÞóæúãöåö ÅöÐú ÚóÕóæúåõ.
æóÌõãúáóÉõ: ÃõÈóáøöÛõßõãú ÑöÓÇáÇÊö ÑóÈøöí ÕöÝóÉñ áöÑóÓõæáò¡ Ãóæú ãõÓúÊóÃúäóÝóÉñ¡ æóÇáúãóÞúÕõæÏõ ãöäúåóÇ ÅöÝóÇÏóÉõ ÇáÊøóÌóÏøõÏö¡ æóÃóäøóåõ ÛóíúÑõ ÊóÇÑößö ÇáÊøóÈúáöíÛö ãöäú ÃóÌúáö ÊóßúÐöíÈöåöãú ÊóÃúíöíÓðÇ áóåõãú ãöäú ãõÊóÇÈóÚóÊöåö ÅöíøóÇåõãú¡ æóáóæúáóÇ åóÐóÇ ÇáúãóÞúÕöÏõ áóßóÇäó ãóÚúäóì åóÐöåö ÇáúÌõãúáóÉö ÍóÇÕöáðÇ ãöäú ãóÚúäóì Þóæúáöåö: æóáßöäøöí ÑóÓõæáñ¡ æóáöÐóáößó ÌóãóÚó ÇáÑøöÓóÇáóÇÊö áöÃóäøó ßõáøó ÊóÈúáöíÛò íóÊóÖóãøóäõ ÑöÓóÇáóÉð ÈöãóÇ ÈóáøóÛóåõ¡ Ëõãøó Åöäö ÇÚúÊõÈöÑóÊú ÌõãúáóÉõ: ÃõÈóáøöÛõßõãú ÕöÝóÉð¡ íóßõäú ÇáúÚõÏõæáõ Úóäú ÖóãöíÑö ÇáúÛóíúÈóÉö Åöáóì ÖóãöíÑö ÇáÊøóßóáøõãö Ýöí Þóæúáöåö: ÃõÈóáøöÛõßõãú æóÞóæúáöåö: ÑóÈøöí ÇáúÊöÝóÇÊðÇ¡ ÈöÇÚúÊöÈóÇÑö ßóæúäö ÇáúãóæúÕõæÝö ÎóÈóÑðÇ Úóäú ÖóãöíÑö ÇáúãõÊóßóáøöãö¡ æóÅöä ÇÚúÊÈÑÊ ÇÓÊíäÇÝÇ¡ ÝóáóÇ ÇáúÊöÝóÇÊó.
æóÇáÊøóÈúáöíÛõ æóÇáúÅöÈúáóÇÛõ: ÌóÚúáõ ÇáÔøóíúÁö ÈóÇáöÛðÇ¡ Ãóíú æóÇÕöáðÇ Åöáóì ÇáúãóßóÇäö ÇáúãóÞúÕõæÏö¡ æóåõæó åõäóÇ ÇÓúÊöÚóÇÑóÉñ áöáúÅöÚúáóÇãö ÈöÇáúÃóãúÑö ÇáúãóÞúÕõæÏö Úöáúãõåõ¡ ÝóßóÃóäøóåõ íóäúÞõáõåõ ãöäú ãóßóÇäò Åöáóì ãóßóÇäò.(8-È/193)
æóÞóÑóÃó ÇáúÌõãúåõæÑõ: ÃõÈóáøöÛõßõãú- ÈöÝóÊúÍö ÇáúãõæóÍøóÏóÉö æóÊóÔúÏöíÏö ÇááøóÇãö- æóÞóÑóÃóåõ ÃóÈõæ ÚóãúÑòæ¡ æóíóÚúÞõæÈõ: ÈöÓõßõæäö ÇáúãõæóÍøóÏóÉö æóÊóÎúÝöíÝö ÇááøóÇãö ãöäó ÇáúÅöÈúáóÇÛö æóÇáúãóÚúäóì æóÇÍöÏñ.
æóæóÌúåõ ÇáúÚõÏõæáö Úóäö ÇáúÅöÖúãóÇÑö Åöáóì ÇáúÅöÙúåóÇÑö Ýöí Þóæúáöåö: ÑöÓÇáÇÊö ÑóÈøöí åõæó ãóÇ ÊõÄúÐöäõ Èöåö ÅöÖóÇÝóÉõ ÇáÑøóÈøö Åöáóì ÖóãöíÑö ÇáúãõÊóßóáøöãö ãöäú áõÒõæãö ØóÇÚóÊöåö¡ æóÃóäøóåõ áóÇ íóÓóÚõåõ ÅöáøóÇ ÊóÈúáöíÛõ ãóÇ ÃóãóÑóåõ ÈöÊóÈúáöíÛöåö¡ æóÅöäú ßóÑöåó Þóæúãõåõ.
æóÇáäøõÕúÍõ æóÇáäøóÕöíÍóÉõ ßóáöãóÉñ ÌóÇãöÚóÉñ¡ íõÚóÈøóÑõ ÈöåóÇ Úóäú ÍõÓúäö ÇáäøöíøóÉö æóÅöÑóÇÏóÉö ÇáúÎóíúÑö ãöäú Þóæúáò Ãóæú Úóãóáò¡
æóÝöí ÇáúÍóÏöíËö: «ÇáÏøöíäõ ÇáäøóÕöíÍóÉõ»
- æóÃóäú ÊóäóÇÕóÍõæÇ ãóäú æóáøóÇåõ Çááøóåõ ÃóãúÑóßõãú. æóíóßúËõÑõ ÅöØúáóÇÞõ ÇáäøõÕúÍö Úóáóì ÇáúÞóæúáö ÇáøóÐöí Ýöíåö ÊóäúÈöíåñ áöáúãõÎóÇØóÈö Åöáóì ãóÇ íóäúÝóÚõåõ æóíóÏúÝóÚõ Úóäúåõ ÇáÖøõÑøó.
æóÖöÏøõåõ ÇáúÛöÔøõ. æóÃóÕúáõ ãóÚúäóÇåõ Ãóäú íóÊóÚóÏøóì Åöáóì ÇáúãóÝúÚõæáö ÈöäóÝúÓöåö¡ æóíóßúËõÑó Ãóäú íõÚóÏøóì Åöáóì ÇáúãóÝúÚõæáö ÈöáóÇãò ÒóÇÆöÏóÉò ÏóÇáøóÉò Úóáóì ãóÚúäóì ÇáöÇÎúÊöÕóÇÕö áöáÏøóáóÇáóÉö Úóáóì Ãóäøó ÇáäøóÇÕöÍó ÃóÑóÇÏó ãöäú äõÕúÍöåö ÐóÇÊó ÇáúãóäúÕõæÍö¡ áóÇ ÌóáúÈó ÎóíúÑò áöäóÝúÓö ÇáäøóÇÕöÍö¡ ÝóÝöí Ðóáößó ãõÈóÇáóÛóÉñ æóÏóáóÇáóÉñ Úóáóì ÅöãúÍóÇÖö ÇáäøóÕöíÍóÉö¡ æóÃóäøóåóÇ æóÞóÚóÊú ÎóÇáöÕóÉð áöáúãóäúÕõæÍö¡ ãóÞúÕõæÏðÇ ÈöåóÇ ÌóÇäöÈõåõ áóÇ ÛóíúÑó¡ ÝóÑõÈøó äóÕöíÍóÉò íóäúÊóÝöÚõ
ÈöåóÇ ÇáäøóÇÕöÍõ ÝóíóÞúÕöÏõ ÇáäøóÝúÚóíúäö ÌóãöíÚðÇ¡ æóÑõÈøóãóÇ íóÞóÚõ ÊóÝóÇæõÊñ Èóíúäó ÇáäøóÝúÚóíúäö Ýóíóßõæäõ ÊóÑúÌöíÍõ äóÝúÚö ÇáäøóÇÕöÍö ÊóÞúÕöíÑðÇ Ãóæú ÅöÌúÍóÇÝðÇ ÈöäóÝúÚö ÇáúãóäúÕõæÍö.
æóÝöí ÇáúÅöÊúíóÇäö ÈöÇáúãõÖóÇÑöÚö ÏóáóÇáóÉñ Úóáóì ÊóÌúÏöíÏö ÇáäøõÕúÍö áóåõãú¡ æóÃóäøóåõ ÛóíúÑõ ÊóÇÑößöåö ãöäú ÃóÌúáö ßóÑóÇåöíóÊöåöãú Ãóæú ÈóÐóÇÁóÊöåöãú.
æóÚóÞøóÈó Ðóáößó ÈöÞóæúáöåö: æóÃóÚúáóãõ ãöäó Çááøóåö ãóÇ áóÇ ÊóÚúáóãõæäó ÌóãúÚðÇ áöãóÚóÇäò ßóËöíÑóÉò ãöãøóÇ ÊóÊóÖóãøóäõåõ ÇáÑøöÓóÇáóÉõ æóÊóÃúíöíÏðÇ áöËóÈóÇÊöåö Úóáóì ÏóæóÇãö ÇáÊøóÈúáöíÛö æóÇáäøõÕúÍö áóåõãú¡ æóÇáöÇÓúÊöÎúÝóÇÝö ÈößóÑóÇåöíóÊöåöãú æóÃóÐóÇåõãú¡ áöÃóäøóåõ íóÚúáóãõ ãóÇ áóÇ íÚáãæäå ãöãøóÇ íóÍúãöáõåõ Úóáóì ÇáöÇÓúÊöÑúÓóÇáö Ýöí Úóãóáöåö Ðóáößó¡ ÝóÌóÇÁó ÈöåóÐóÇ ÇáúßóáóÇãö ÇáúÌóÇãöÚö¡ æóíóÊóÖóãøóäõ åóÐóÇ ÇáúÅöÌúãóÇáõ ÇáúÈóÏöíÚõ ÊóåúÏöíÏðÇ áóåõãú ÈöÍõáõæáö ÚóÐóÇÈò Èöåöãú Ýöí ÇáúÚóÇÌöáö æóÇáúÂÌöáö¡ æóÊóäúÈöíåðÇ áöáÊøóÃóãøõáö ÝöíãóÇ(8-È/194)
ÃóÊóÇåõãú Èöåö¡ æóÝóÊúÍðÇ áöÈóÕóÇÆöÑöåöãú Ãóäú ÊóÊóØóáøóÈó ÇáúÚöáúãó ÈöãóÇ áóãú íóßõæäõæÇ íóÚúáóãõæäóåõ¡ æóßõáøõ Ðóáößó ÔóÃúäõåõ Ãóäú íóÈúÚóËóåõãú Úóáóì ÊóÕúÏöíÞöåö æóÞóÈõæáö ãóÇ ÌóÇÁóåõãú Èöåö.
æãöäó ÇÈúÊöÏóÇÆöíøóÉñ Ãóíú: ÕóÇÑó áöí Úöáúãñ æóÇÑöÏñ ãöäó Çááøóåö ÊóÚóÇáóì¡ æóåóÐöåö ÇáúãóÚóÇäöí ÇáøóÊöí ÊóÖóãøóäóåóÇ åóÐóÇ ÇáöÇÓúÊöÏúÑóÇßõ åöíó ãóÇ íõÓóáøöãõ ßõáøõ ÚóÇÞöáò ÃóäøóåóÇ ãöäó ÇáúåõÏóì æóÇáÕøóáóÇÍö¡ æóÊöáúßó åöíó ÃóÍúæóÇáõåõ¡ æóåõãú æóÕóÝõæÇ ÍóÇáóåõ ÈöÃóäøóåõ Ýöí ÖóáóÇáò ãõÈöíäò¡ ÝóÝöí åóÐóÇ ÇáöÇÓúÊöÏúÑóÇßö äóÚúíõ Úóáóì ßóãóÇáö ÓóÝóÇåóÉö ÚõÞõæáöåöãú.
æóÇäúÊóÞóáó Åöáóì ßóÔúÝö ÇáúÎóØóÃö Ýöí ÔõÈúåóÊöåöãú ÝóÚóØóÝó Úóáóì ßóáóÇãöåö Þóæúáóåõ: ÃóæóÚóÌöÈúÊõãú Ãóäú ÌÇÁóßõãú ÐößúÑñ ãöäú ÑóÈøößõãú ãõÝúÊóÊöÍðÇ ÇáúÌõãúáóÉó ÈöÇáöÇÓúÊöÝúåóÇãö ÇáúÅöäúßóÇÑöíøö ÈóÚúÏó æóÇæö ÇáúÚóØúÝö¡ æóåóÐóÇ ãõÔúÚöÑñ ÈöÃóäøóåõãú ÃóÍóÇáõæÇ Ãóäú íóßõæäó ÑóÓõæáðÇ¡ ãõÓúÊóÏöáøöíäó ÈöÃóäøóåõ ÈóÔóÑñ ãöËúáõåõãú¡ ßóãóÇ æóÞóÚóÊú ÍößóÇíóÊõåõ Ýöí ÂíóÉò ÃõÎúÑóì ãóÇ åóÐóÇ ÅöáøóÇ ÈóÔóÑñ ãöËúáõßõãú íõÑöíÏõ Ãóäú íóÊóÝóÖøóáó Úóáóíúßõãú [ÇáúãõÄúãöäõæäó: 24] .
æóÇÎúÊöíÑó ÇáöÇÓúÊöÝúåóÇãõ Ïõæäó Ãóäú íóÞõæáó: áóÇ ÚóÌóÈó¡ ÅöÔóÇÑóÉð Åöáóì Ãóäøó ÇÍúÊöãóÇáó æõÞõæÚö Ðóáößó ãöäúåõãú ãöãøóÇ íóÊóÑóÏøóÏõ Ýöíåö Ùóäøõ ÇáúÚóÇÞöáö ÈöÇáúÚõÞóáóÇÁö. ÝóÞóæúáõåõ: ÃóæóÚóÌöÈúÊõãú ÈöãóäúÒöáóÉö ÇáúãóäúÚö áöÞóÖöíøóÉö Þóæúáöåöãú: ÅöäøóÇ áóäóÑÇßó Ýöí ÖóáÇáò ãõÈöíäò [ÇáúÃóÚúÑóÇÝ: 60] áöÃóäøó Þóæúáóåõãú Ðóáößó ÈöãóäúÒöáóÉö ãõÞóÏøöãóÉö Ïóáöíáò Úóáóì ÈõØúáóÇäö ãóÇ íóÏúÚõæåõãú Åöáóíúåö.
æóÍóÞöíÞóÉõ ÇáúÚóÌóÈö Ãóäøóåõ ÇäúÝöÚóÇáñ äóÝúÓóÇäöíøñ íóÍúÕõáõ ÚöäúÏó ÅöÏúÑóÇßö ÔóíúÁò ÛóíúÑö ãóÃúáõæÝò¡ æóÞóÏú íóßõæäõ ÇáúÚóÌóÈõ ãóÔõæÈðÇ ÈöÅöäúßóÇÑö ÇáÔøóíúÁö ÇáúãõÊóÚóÌøóÈö ãöäúåõ æóÇÓúÊöÈúÚóÇÏöåö æóÅöÍóÇáóÊöåö¡ ßóãóÇ Ýöí Þóæúáöåö ÊóÚóÇáóì: Èóáú ÚóÌöÈõæÇ Ãóäú ÌÇÁóåõãú ãõäúÐöÑñ ãöäúåõãú ÝóÞÇáó ÇáúßÇÝöÑõæäó åóÐóÇ ÔóíúÁñ ÚóÌöíÈñ ÃóÅöÐÇ ãöÊúäÇ æóßõäøóÇ ÊõÑÇÈÇð Ðáößó ÑóÌúÚñ ÈóÚöíÏñ [Þ: 2¡ 3] æóÞóÏö ÇÌúÊóãóÚó ÇáúãóÚúäóíóÇäö Ýöí Þóæúáöåö ÊóÚóÇáóì: æóÅöäú ÊóÚúÌóÈú ÝóÚóÌóÈñ Þóæúáõåõãú ÃóÅöÐÇ ßõäøóÇ ÊõÑÇÈÇð ÃóÅöäøóÇ áóÝöí ÎóáúÞò ÌóÏöíÏò ÃõæáÆößó ÇáøóÐöíäó ßóÝóÑõæÇ ÈöÑóÈøöåöãú [ÇáÑøóÚúÏ: 5] æóÇáøóÐöí Ýöí åóÐöåö ÇáúÂíóÉö ßöäóÇíóÉñ
Úóäö ÇáúÅöäúßóÇÑö ßóãóÇ Ýöí Þóæúáöåö ÊóÚóÇáóì: ÞÇáõæÇ ÃóÊóÚúÌóÈöíäó ãöäú ÃóãúÑö Çááøóåö [åæÏ: 73] ÃóäúßóÑõæÇ ÚóáóíúåóÇ ÃóäøóåóÇ ÚóÏøóÊú æöáóÇÏóÊóåóÇ æóáóÏðÇ¡ æóåöíó ÚóÌõæÒñ¡ ãõÍóÇáðÇ.
æóÊóäúßöíÑõ ÐößúÑñ æÑóÌõáò áöáäøóæúÚöíøóÉö ÅöÐú áóÇ ÎõÕõæÕöíøóÉó áöÐößúÑò Ïõæäó ÐößúÑò(8-È/195)
æóáóÇ áöÑóÌõáò Ïõæäó ÑóÌõáò¡ ÝóÅöäøó ÇáäøóÇÓó ÓóæóÇÁñ¡ æóÇáÐøößúÑó ÓóæóÇÁñ Ýöí ÞóÈõæáöåö áöãóäú æóÝøóÞóåõ Çááøóåõ æóÑóÏøöåö áöãóäú ÍõÑöãó ÇáÊøóæúÝöíÞó¡ Ãóí åóÐóÇ ÇáÍóÏöíË ÇáøóÐöí ÚóÙøóãúÊõãõæåõ æóÖóÌóÌúÊõãú áóåõ ãóÇ åõæó ÅöáøóÇ ÐößúÑñ ãöäú ÑóÈøößõãú Úóáóì ÑóÌõáò ãöäúßõãú.
æóæóÕúÝõ ÑóÌõáò ÈöÃóäøóåõ ãöäúåõãú¡ Ãóíú ãöäú ÌöäúÓöåöãõ ÇáúÈóÔóÑöíøö ÝóÖúÍñ áöÔõÈúåóÊöåöãú¡ æóãóÚó ãóÇ Ýöí åóÐóÇ ÇáúßóáóÇãö ãöäú ÝóÖúÍö ÔõÈúåóÊöåöãú Ýöíåö ÃóíúÖðÇ ÑóÏøñ áóåóÇ ÈöÃóäøóåõãú ÃóÍöÞøóÇÁõ ÈöÃóäú íóßõæäó ãóÇ ÌóÚóáõæåõ ãõæÌöÈó ÇÓúÊöÈúÚóÇÏò æóÇÓúÊöÍóÇáóÉò åõæó ãõæÌöÈõ ÇáúÞóÈõæáö æóÇáúÅöíãóÇäö¡ ÅöÐö ÇáÔøóÃúäõ Ãóäú íóäúÙõÑõæÇ Ýöí ÇáÐøößúÑö ÇáøóÐöí ÌóÇÁóåõãú ãöäú ÑóÈøöåöãú æóÃóäú áóÇ íõÓúÑöÚõæÇ Åöáóì ÊóßúÐöíÈö ÇáúÌóÇÆöí Èöåö¡ æóÃóäú íóÚúáóãõæÇ Ãóäøó ßóæúäó ÇáúãõÐóßøöÑö ÑóÌõáðÇ ãöäúåõãú ÃóÞúÑóÈõ Åöáóì ÇáÊøóÚóÞøõáö ãöäú ßóæúäö ãõÐóßøöÑöåöãú ãöäú ÌöäúÓò ÂÎóÑó ãöäú ãóáóßò Ãóæú Ìöäøöíøò¡ ÝóßóÇäó åóÐóÇ ÇáúßóáóÇãõ ãöäú ÌóæóÇãöÚö Çáúßóáöãö Ýöí ÅöÈúØóÇáö ÏóÚúæóì ÇáúÎóÕúãö æóÇáöÇÓúÊöÏúáóÇáö áöÕöÏúÞö ÏóÚúæóì ÇáúãõÌóÇÏöáö¡ æóåõæó íóÊóäóÒøóáõ ãóäúÒöáóÉó ÓóäóÏö ÇáúãóäúÚö Ýöí Úöáúãö ÇáúÌóÏóáö.
æóãóÚúäóì (Úóáóì) ãöäú Þóæúáöåö Úóáì ÑóÌõáò ãöäúßõãú íõÔúÚöÑõ ÈöÃóäøó ÌÇÁóßõãú Öõãøöäó ãóÚúäóì äóÒóáó:
Ãóíú äóÒóáó ÐößúÑñ ãöäú ÑóÈøößõãú Úóáóì ÑóÌõáò ãöäúßõãú¡ æóåóÐóÇ ãõÎúÊóÇÑõ ÇÈúäö ÚóØöíøóÉó¡ æóÚóäö ÇáúÝóÑøóÇÁö Ãóäú (Úóáóì) ÈöãóÚúäóì ãóÚó.
æóÇáúãóÌúÑõæÑõ Ýöí Þóæúáöåö: áöíõäúÐöÑóßõãú ÙóÑúÝñ ãõÓúÊóÞöÑøñ Ýöí ãóæúÖöÚö ÇáúÍóÇáö ãöäú ÑóÌõáò¡ Ãóæú åõæó ÙóÑúÝõ áóÛúæò ãõÊóÚóáøöÞñ ÈöÞóæúáöåö: ÌÇÁóßõãú æóåõæó ÒöíóÇÏóÉñ Ýöí ÊóÔúæöíåö ÎóØóÆöåöãú ÅöÐú ÌóÚóáõæÇ Ðóáößó ÖóáóÇáðÇ ãõÈöíäðÇ¡ æóÅöäøóãóÇ åõæó åóÏúíñ æóÇÖöÍñ áöÝóÇÆöÏóÊößõãú ÈöÊóÍúÐöíÑößõãú ãöäó ÇáúÚõÞõæÈóÉö¡ æóÅöÑúÔóÇÏößõãú Åöáóì ÊóÞúæóì Çááøóåö¡ æóÊóÞúÑöíÈößõãú ãóäú ÑóÍúãóÊöåö.
æóÞóÏú ÑõÊøöÈóÊö ÇáúÌõãóáõ Úóáóì ÊóÑúÊöíÈö ÍõÕõæáö ãóÖúãõæäöåóÇ Ýöí ÇáúæõÌõæÏö¡ ÝóÅöäøó ÇáúÅöäúÐóÇÑó ãõÞóÏøóãñ áöÃóäøóåõ Íóãúáñ Úóáóì ÇáúÅöÞúáóÇÚö ÚóãøóÇ åõãú Úóáóíúåö ãöäó ÇáÔøöÑúßö Ãóæö ÇáúæóËóäöíøóÉö¡ Ëõãøó íóÍúÕõáõ ÈóÚúÏóåõ ÇáúÚóãóáõ ÇáÕøóÇáöÍõ ÝóÊõÑúÌóì ãöäúåõ ÇáÑøóÍúãóÉõ.
æóÇáúÅöäúÐóÇÑõ ÊóÞóÏøóãó ÚöäúÏó Þóæúáöåö ÊóÚóÇáóì: ÅöäøóÇ ÃóÑúÓóáúäÇßó ÈöÇáúÍóÞøö ÈóÔöíÑÇð æóäóÐöíÑÇð Ýöí ÓõæÑóÉö ÇáúÈóÞóÑóÉö [119] .
æóÇáÊøóÞúæóì ÊóÞóÏøóãó ÚöäúÏó Þóæúáöåö ÊóÚóÇáóì: åõÏìð áöáúãõÊøóÞöíäó Ýöí Ãóæøóáö ÓõæÑóÉö ÇáúÈóÞóÑóÉö(8-È/196)
ÝóßóÐøóÈõæåõ ÝóÃóäúÌóíúäóÇåõ æóÇáøóÐöíäó ãóÚóåõ Ýöí ÇáúÝõáúßö æóÃóÛúÑóÞúäóÇ ÇáøóÐöíäó ßóÐøóÈõæÇ ÈöÂíóÇÊöäóÇ Åöäøóåõãú ßóÇäõæÇ ÞóæúãðÇ Úóãöíäó (64)
æóãóÚúäóì (áóÚóáøó) ÊóÞóÏøóãó Ýöí Þóæúáöåö ÊóÚóÇáóì: áóÚóáøóßõãú ÊóÊøóÞõæäó Ýöí ÓõæÑóÉö ÇáúÈóÞóÑóÉö [21] .
æóÇáÑøóÍúãóÉõ ÊóÞóÏøóãóÊú ÚöäúÏó Þóæúáöåö ÊóÚóÇáóì: ÇáÑøóÍúãäö ÇáÑøóÍöíãö Ýöí ÓõæÑóÉ ÇáúÝóÇÊöÍóÉ [3] .
[64]
[ÓõæÑóÉ ÇáúÃóÚúÑóÇÝ (7) : ÂíóÉ 64]
ÝóßóÐøóÈõæåõ ÝóÃóäúÌóíúäÇåõ æóÇáøóÐöíäó ãóÚóåõ Ýöí ÇáúÝõáúßö æóÃóÛúÑóÞúäóÇ ÇáøóÐöíäó ßóÐøóÈõæÇ ÈöÂíÇÊöäÇ Åöäøóåõãú ßÇäõæÇ ÞóæúãÇð Úóãöíäó (64)
æóÞóÚó ÇáÊøóßúÐöíÈõ ãöäú ÌóãöíÚö Þóæúãöåö: ãöäú ÞóÇÏóÊöåöãú¡ æóÏóåúãóÇÆöåöãú¡ ÚóÏóÇ ÈóÚúÖó Ãóåúáö ÈóíúÊöåö æóãóäú Âãóäó Èöåö ÚóÞöÈó ÓóãóÇÚö Þóæúáö äõæÍò¡ ÝóÚóØóÝó Úóáóì ßóáóÇãöåö ÈöÇáúÝóÇÁö Ãóíú ÕóÏóÑó ãöäúåõãú Þóæúáñ íóÞúÊóÖöí ÊóßúÐöíÈó ÏóÚúæóì Ãóäøóåõ ÑóÓõæáñ ãöäú ÑóÈøö ÇáúÚóÇáóãöíäó íõÈóáøöÛõ æóíóäúÕóÍõ æóíóÚúáóãõ ãóÇ áóÇ íóÚúáóãõæäó¡ ÝóÕóÇÑó ÊóßúÐöíÈðÇ ÃóÚóãøó ãöäó ÇáÊøóßúÐöíÈö ÇáúÃóæøóáö¡ Ýóåõæó ÈÇáäøÓÈÉ ááãáà íÄæá Åöáóì ãóÚúäóì ÇáöÇÓúÊöãúÑóÇÑö Úóáóì ÇáÊøóßúÐöíÈö¡ æóÈöÇáäøöÓúÈóÉö áöáúÚóÇãøóÉö ÊóßúÐöíÈñ ÃõäõÝò¡ ÈóÚúÏó ÓóãóÇÚö Þóæúáö ÞóÇÏóÊöåöãú æóÇäúÊöåóÇÁö ÇáúãõÌóÇÏóáóÉö Èóíúäóåõãú æóÈóíúäó äõæÍò¡ ÝóáóíúÓó ÇáúÝöÚúáõ ãõÓúÊóÚúãóáðÇ Ýöí ÇáöÇÓúÊöãúÑóÇÑö ßóãóÇ Ýöí Þóæúáöåö ÊóÚóÇáóì: íóÇ ÃóíøõåóÇ ÇáøóÐöíäó ÂãóäõæÇ ÂãöäõæÇ ÈöÇááøóåö [ÇáäøöÓóÇÁ: 136] ÅöÐú áóÇ ÏóÇÚöíó Åöáóíúåö åõäóÇ¡ æóÖóãöíÑõ ÇáúÌóãúÚö ÚóÇÆöÏñ Åöáóì ÇáúÞóæúãö¡ æóÇáúÝóÇÁõ Ýöí Þóæúáöåö: ÝóÃóäúÌóíúäÇåõ áöáÊøóÚúÞöíÈö¡ æóåõæó ÊóÚúÞöíÈñ ÚõÑúÝöíøñ: áöÃóäøó ÇáÊøóßúÐöíÈó ÍóÕóáó ÈóÚúÏóåõ ÇáúæóÍúíõ Åöáóì äõæÍò ÈöÃóäøóåõ áóäú íõÄúãöäó ãöäú Þóæúãöåö ÅöáøóÇ ãóäú ÞóÏú Âãóäó¡ æóáóÇ íõÑúÌóì ÒöíóÇÏóÉõ ãõÄúãöäò ÂÎóÑó¡ æóÃóãóÑóåõ ÈöÃóäú íóÏúÎõáó ÇáúÝõáúßó æóíóÍúãöáó ãóÚóåõ ãóäú Âãóäó Åöáóì ÂÎóÑö ãóÇ ÞóÕøóåõ Çááøóåõ Ýöí ÓõæÑóÉö åõæÏò.
æóÞõÏøöãó ÇáúÅöÎúÈóÇÑõ ÈöÇáúÅöäúÌóÇÁö Úóáóì ÇáúÅöÎúÈóÇÑö ÈöÇáúÅöÛúÑóÇÞö¡ ãóÚó Ãóäøó ãõÞúÊóÖóì ãóÞóÇãö ÇáúÚöÈúÑóÉö ÊóÞúÏöíãõ ÇáúÅöÎúÈóÇÑö ÈöÅöÛúÑóÇÞö ÇáúãõäúßöÑöíäó¡ ÝóÞõÏøöãó ÇáúÅöäúÌóÇÁõ áöáöÇåúÊöãóÇãö ÈöÅöäúÌóÇÁö ÇáúãõÄúãöäöíäó æóÊóÚúÌöíáðÇ áöãóÓóÑøóÉö ÇáÓøóÇãöÚöíäó ãöäó ÇáúãõÄúãöäöíäó ÈöÃóäøó ÚóÇÏóÉó Çááøóåö ÅöÐóÇ Ãóåúáóßó ÇáúãõÔúÑößöíäó Ãóäú íõäóÌøöíó ÇáÑøÓæá æóÇáúãõÄãäöíäó¡ ÝóáÐóáöß ÇáÊøóÞúÏöíãõ íõÝöíÏõ ÇáÊøóÚúÑöíÖó ÈöÇáäøöÐóÇÑóÉö¡ æóÅöáøóÇ ÝóÅöäøó ÇáúÅöÛúÑóÇÞó æóÞóÚó ÞóÈúáó ÇáúÅöäúÌóÇÁö¡ ÅöÐú áóÇ íóÙúåóÑõ ÊóÍóÞøõÞõ ÅöäúÌóÇÁö äõæÍò æóãóäú ãóÚóåõ ÅöáøóÇ ÈóÚúÏó ÍõÕõæáö ÇáúÚóÐóÇÈö áöãóäú áóãú íõÄúãöäõæÇ Èöåö¡ ÝóÇáúãõÚóÞøóÈõ Èöåö ÇáÊøóßúÐöíÈõ ÇÈúÊöÏóÇÁð åõæó(8-È/197)
ÇáúÅöÛúÑóÇÞõ¡ æóÇáúÅöäúÌóÇÁõ æóÇÞöÚñ ÈóÚúÏóåõ¡ æóáöíóÊóÃóÊøóì åóÐóÇ ÇáÊøóÞúÏöíãõ ÚõØöÝó ÝöÚúáõ ÇáúÅöäúÌóÇÁö ÈöÇáúæóÇæö ÇáúãõÝöíÏóÉö áöãõØúáóÞö ÇáúÌóãúÚö¡ Ïõæäó ÇáúÝóÇÁö.
æóÞóæúáõåõ: Ýöí ÇáúÝõáúßö ãõÊóÚóáøöÞñ ÈöãóÚúäóì Þóæúáöåö: ãóÚóåõ áöÃóäøó ÊóÞúÏöíÑóåõ: ÇÓúÊóÞóÑøõæÇ ãóÚóåõ Ýöí ÇáúÝõáúßö¡ æóÈöåóÐóÇ ÇáÊøóÚúáöíÞö Úõáöãó Ãóäøó Çááøóåó ÃóãóÑóåõ Ãóäú íóÍúãöáó Ýöí ÇáúÝõáúßö ãóÚúÔóÑðÇ¡ æóÃóäøóåõãú ßóÇäõæÇ ãõÕóÏøöÞöíäó áóåõ¡ ÝóßóÇäó åóÐóÇ ÇáÊøóÚúáöíÞñ ÅöíÌóÇÒðÇ ÈóÏöíÚðÇ.
æóÇáúÝõáúßõ ÊóÞóÏøóãó Ýöí Þóæúáöåö ÊóÚóÇáóì: Åöäøó Ýöí ÎóáúÞö ÇáÓøóãÇæÇÊö æóÇáúÃóÑúÖö Ýöí ÓõæÑóÉö ÇáúÈóÞóÑóÉö [164] .
æóÇáøóÐöíäó ãóÚóåõ åõãõ ÇáøóÐöíäó ÂãóäõæÇ Èöåö¡ æóÓóäóÐúßõÑõ ÊóÚúíöíäóåõãú ÚöäúÏó ÇáúßóáóÇãö Úóáóì ÞöÕøóÊöåö Ýöí ÓõæÑóÉö åõæÏò.
æóÇáúÅöÊúíóÇäõ ÈöÇáúãóæúÕõæáö Ýöí Þóæúáöåö: æóÃóÛúÑóÞúäóÇ ÇáøóÐöíäó ßóÐøóÈõæÇ ÈöÂíÇÊöäÇ Ïõæäó Ãóäú íõÞóÇáó: æóÃóÛúÑóÞúäóÇ ÓóÇÆöÑóåõãú¡ Ãóæú ÈóÞöíøóÊóåõãú¡ áöãóÇ ÊõÄúÐöäõ Èöåö ÇáÕøöáóÉõ ãöäú æóÌúåö ÊóÚúáöíáö ÇáúÎóÈóÑö Ýöí Þóæúáöåö: æóÃóÛúÑóÞúäóÇ Ãóíú ÃóÛúÑóÞúäóÇåõãú áöÃóÌúáö ÊóßúÐöíÈöåöãú.
æóÌõãúáóÉõ: Åöäøóåõãú ßÇäõæÇ ÞóæúãÇð Úóãöíäó ÊóÊóäóÒøóáõ ãóäúÒöáóÉó ÇáúÚöáøóÉö áöÌõãúáóÉö ÃóÛúÑóÞúäóÇ ßóãóÇ Ïóáøó Úóáóíúåö ÍóÑúÝõ (Åöäøó) áöÃóäøó ÍóÑúÝó (Åöäøó) åõäóÇ áóÇ íõÞúÕóÏõ Èöåö ÑóÏøõ ÇáÔøóßøö æóÇáÊøóÑóÏøõÏö¡ ÅöÐú áóÇ Ôóßøó Ýöíåö¡ æóÅöäøóãóÇ ÇáúãóÞúÕõæÏõ ãöäó ÇáúÍóÑúÝö ÇáÏøóáóÇáóÉõ Úóáóì ÇáöÇåúÊöãóÇãö ÈöÇáúÎóÈóÑö¡ æóãöäú ÔóÃúäö (Åöäøó) ÅöÐóÇ ÌóÇÁóÊú áöáöÇåúÊöãóÇãö Ãóäú ÊóÞõæãó ãóÞóÇãó ÝóÇÁö ÇáÊøóÝúÑöíÚö¡ æóÊõÝöíÏó ÇáÊøóÚúáöíáó æóÑóÈúØó ÇáúÌõãúáóÉö ÈöÇáøóÊöí ÞóÈúáóåóÇ. ÝóÝóÕúáõ åóÐöåö ÇáúÌõãúáóÉö ßóáóÇ ÝóÕúáò.
æÚóãöíäó ÌóãúÚõ Úóãò ÌóãúÚõ ÓóáóÇãóÉò ÈöæóÇæò æóäõæäò. æóåõæó ÕöÝóÉñ Úóáóì æóÒúäö ÝóÚöáò ãöËúáõ ÃóÔöÑò¡ ãõÔúÊóÞøñ ãöäó ÇáúÚóãóì¡ æóÃóÕúáõåõ ÝõÞúÏóÇäõ ÇáúÈóÕóÑö¡ æóíõØúáóÞõ ãóÌóÇÒðÇ Úóáóì ÝõÞúÏóÇäö ÇáÑøóÃúíö ÇáäøóÇÝöÚö¡ æóíõÞóÇáõ:
Úóãóì ÇáúÞóáúÈö¡ æóÞóÏú ÛõáøöÈó Ýöí ÇáúßóáóÇãö ÊóÎúÕöíÕõ ÇáúãóæúÕõæÝö ÈöÇáúãóÚúäóì ÇáúãóÌóÇÒöíøö ÈöÇáÕøöÝóÉö ÇáúãõÔóÈøóåóÉö áöÏóáóÇáóÊöåóÇ Úóáóì ËõÈõæÊö ÇáÕøöÝóÉö¡ æóÊõãóßøöäõåóÇ ÈöÃóäú Êóßõæäó ÓóÌöíøóÉð æóÅöäøóãóÇ íóÕúÏõÞõ Ðóáößó Ýöí ÝóÞúÏö ÇáÑøóÃúíö¡ áöÃóäøó ÇáúãóÑúÁó íõÎúáóÞõ Úóáóíúåö ÛóÇáöÈðÇ¡ ÈöÎöáóÇÝö ÝóÞúÏö ÇáúÈóÕóÑö¡ æóáöÐóáößó ÞóÇáó ÊóÚóÇáóì åõäóÇ Úóãöíäó æóáóãú íóÞõáú ÚõãúíðÇ ßóãóÇ(8-È/198)
æóÅöáóì ÚóÇÏò ÃóÎóÇåõãú åõæÏðÇ ÞóÇáó íóÇ Þóæúãö ÇÚúÈõÏõæÇ Çááøóåó ãóÇ áóßõãú ãöäú Åöáóåò ÛóíúÑõåõ ÃóÝóáóÇ ÊóÊøóÞõæäó (65) ÞóÇáó ÇáúãóáóÃõ ÇáøóÐöíäó ßóÝóÑõæÇ ãöäú Þóæúãöåö ÅöäøóÇ áóäóÑóÇßó Ýöí ÓóÝóÇåóÉò æóÅöäøóÇ áóäóÙõäøõßó ãöäó ÇáúßóÇÐöÈöíäó (66)
ÞóÇáó Ýöí ÇáúÂíóÉö ÇáúÃõÎúÑóì ÚõãúíÇð æóÈõßúãÇð æóÕõãøðÇ [ÇáúÅöÓúÑóÇÁ: 97] æóãöËúáõåõ Þóæúáõ ÒõåóíúÑò:
æóáóßöäøóäöí Úóäú Úöáúãö ãóÇ Ýöí ÛóÏò Úóãò æóÇáøóÐöíäó ßóÐøóÈõæÇ ßóÇäõæÇ Úóãöíäó áöÃóäøó ÞóÇÏóÊóåõãú ÏóÇÚõæäó Åöáóì ÇáÖøóáóÇáóÉö ãõÄóíøöÏõæäóåóÇ¡ æóÏóåúãóÇÄõåõãú ãõÊóÞóÈøöáõæäó Êöáúßó ÇáÏøóÚúæóÉö ÓóãøóÇÚõæäó áóåóÇ.
æóÞóÏú ÏóáøóÊú åóÐöåö ÇáúÞöÕøóÉõ Úóáóì ãóÚúäðì ÚóÙöíãò Ýöí ÅöÑóÇÏóÉö Çááøóåö ÊóÚóÇáóì ÊóØóæøõÑó ÇáúÎóáúÞö ÇáúÅöäúÓóÇäöíøö: ÝóÅöäøó Çááøóåó ÎóáóÞó ÇáúÅöäúÓóÇäó Ýöí ÃóÍúÓóäö ÊóÞúæöíãò¡ æóÎóáóÞó áóåõ ÇáúÍöÓøó ÇáÙøóÇåöÑó æóÇáúÍöÓøó ÇáúÈóÇØöäó¡ ÝóÇäúÊóÝóÚó ÈöÇÓúÊöÚúãóÇáö ÈóÚúÖö ÞõæóÇåõ ÇáúÍöÓøöíøóÉö Ýöí ÅöÏúÑóÇßö ÃóæóÇÆöáö ÇáúÚõáõæãö¡ æóáóßöäøóåõ ÇÓúÊóÚúãóáó ÈóÚúÖó Ðóáößó ÝöíãóÇ ÌóáóÈó Åöáóíúåö ÇáÖøõÑøó æóÇáÖøóáóÇáó¡ æóÐóáößó ÈöÇÓúÊöÚúãóÇáö ÇáúÞóæóÇÚöÏö ÇáúÍöÓøöíøóÉö ÝöíãóÇ ÛóÇÈó Úóäú ÍöÓøöåö æóÅöÚóÇäóÊöåóÇ ÈöÇáúÞõæóì ÇáúæóåúãöíøóÉö æóÇáúãõÎóíøóáóÉö¡ ÝóÝóßøóÑó Ýöí ÎóÇáöÞöåö æóÕöÝóÇÊöåö ÝóÊóæøóåõãú áóåõ ÃóäúÏóÇÏðÇ æóÃóÚúæóÇäðÇ æóÚóÔöíÑóÉð æóÃóÈúäóÇÁð æóÔõÑóßóÇÁð Ýöí ãõáúßöåö¡ æóÊóÝóÇÞóãó Ðóáößó Ýöí ÇáúÅöäúÓóÇäö ãóÚó ãõÑõæÑö ÇáúÃóÒúãóÇäö ÍóÊøóì ÚóÇÏó Úóáóíúåö ÈöäöÓúíóÇäö ÎóÇáöÞöåö¡ ÅöÐú áóãú íóÏúÎõáö ÇáúÚöáúãõ Èöåö ÊóÍúÊó ÍóæóÇÓøöåö ÇáÙøóÇåöÑóÉö¡ æóÃóÞúÈóáó Úóáóì ÚöÈóÇÏóÉö ÇáúÂáöåóÉö ÇáúãóæúåõæãóÉö ÍóíúËõ ÇÊøóÎóÐó áóåóÇ
ÕõæóÑðÇ ãóÍúÓõæÓóÉð¡ ÝóÃóÑóÇÏó Çááøóåõ ÅöÕúáóÇÍó ÇáúÈóÔóÑö æóÊóåúÐöíÈó ÅöÏúÑóÇßöåöãú¡ ÝóÃóÑúÓóáó Åöáóíúåöãú äõæÍðÇ ÝóÂãóäó Èöåö Þóáöíáñ ãöäú Þóæúãöåö æóßóÝóÑó Èöåö ÌõãúåõæÑõåõãú¡ ÝóÃóÑóÇÏó Çááøóåõ ÇäúÊöÎóÇÈó ÇáÕøóÇáöÍöíäó ãöäó ÇáúÈóÔóÑö ÇáøóÐöíäó ÞóÈöáóÊú ÚõÞõæáõåõãõ ÇáúåõÏóì¡ æóåõãú äõæÍñ æóãóäú Âãä Èöåö¡ æÇÓÊíÕÇá ÇáøóÐöíäó ÊóãóßøóäóÊö ÇáÖøóáóÇáóÉõ ãä ÚõÞõæáåãú áíäÔìÁ ãöäú ÇáÕøóÇáöÍöíäó ÐõÑøöíøóÉð ÕóÇáöÍóÉð æóíóßúÝöíó ÇáúÅöäúÓóÇäöíøóÉó ÝóÓóÇÏó ÇáÖøóÇáøöíäó¡ ßóãóÇ ÞóÇáó äõæÍñ: Åöäøóßó Åöäú ÊóÐóÑúåõãú íõÖöáøõæÇ ÚöÈÇÏóßó æóáÇ íóáöÏõæÇ ÅöáøóÇ ÝÇÌöÑÇð ßóÝøóÇÑÇð [äæÍ: 27] ¡ ÝóßóÇäóÊú ÈöÚúËóÉõ äõæÍò æóãóÇ ØóÑóÃó ÚóáóíúåóÇ ÊóÌúÏöíÏðÇ áöÕóáóÇÍö ÇáúÈóÔóÑö æÇäÊÎÇÈÇ ááÃÕáÍ.
[65¡ 66]
[ÓõæÑóÉ ÇáúÃóÚúÑóÇÝ (7) : ÇáúÂíóÇÊ 65 Åöáóì 66]
æóÅöáì ÚÇÏò ÃóÎÇåõãú åõæÏÇð ÞÇáó íóÇ Þóæúãö ÇÚúÈõÏõæÇ Çááøóåó ãóÇ áóßõãú ãöäú Åöáåò ÛóíúÑõåõ ÃóÝóáÇ ÊóÊøóÞõæäó (65) ÞÇáó ÇáúãóáóÃõ ÇáøóÐöíäó ßóÝóÑõæÇ ãöäú Þóæúãöåö ÅöäøóÇ áóäóÑÇßó Ýöí ÓóÝÇåóÉò æóÅöäøóÇ áóäóÙõäøõßó ãöäó ÇáúßÇÐöÈöíäó(8-È/199)
(66)
íóÌõæÒõ Ãóäú íóßõæäó ÇáúÚóØúÝõ ãöäú ÚóØúÝö ÇáúÌõãóáö ÈöÃóäú íõÞóÏøóÑó ÈóÚúÏó æóÇæö ÇáúÚóØúÝö «ÃóÑúÓóáúäóÇ» áöÏóáóÇáóÉö ÍóÑúÝö (Åöáóì) Úóáóíúåö¡ ãóÚó ÏóáóÇáóÉö ÓóÈúÞö äóÙöíÑöåö Ýöí ÇáúÌõãúáóÉö ÇáúãóÚúØõæÝö ÚóáóíúåóÇ¡ æóÇáÊøóÞúÏöíÑõ æóÃóÑúÓóáúäóÇ Åöáóì ÚóÇÏò¡ ÝóÊóßõæäõ ÇáúæóÇæõ áöãõÌóÑøóÏö ÇáúÌóãúÚö ÇááøóÝúÙöíøö ãöäú ÚóØúÝö ÇáúÞöÕøóÉö Úóáóì ÇáúÞöÕøóÉö æóáóíúÓó ãöäú ÚóØúÝö ÇáúãõÝúÑóÏóÇÊö¡ æóíóÌõæÒõ Ãóäú íóßõæäó ãöäú ÚóØúÝö ÇáúãõÝúÑóÏóÇÊö: ÚóØóÝóÊö ÇáúæóÇæõ åõæÏÇð Úáì äõæÍÇð [ÇáúÃóÚúÑóÇÝ: 59] ¡ ÝóÊßæä ÇáúæóÇæ äÇÆíÉ Úóäö ÇáúÚóÇãöáö æóåõæó ÃóÑúÓóáúäÇ [ÇáúÃóÚúÑóÇÝ: 59] ¡ æóÇáÊøóÞúÏöíÑõ: «áóÞóÏú ÃóÑúÓóáúäóÇ äõæÍðÇ Åöáóì Þóæúãöåö æóåõæÏðÇ ÃóÎóÇ ÚóÇÏò Åöáóíúåöãú æóÞõÏøöãóÊú (Åöáóì) Ýóåõæó ãöäó ÇáúÚóØúÝö Úóáóì ãóÚúãõæáóíú ÚóÇãöáò æóÇÍöÏò¡ æóÊóÞúÏöíãõ (Åöáóì) ÇÞúÊóÖóÇåõ ÍõÓúäõ äóÙúãö ÇáúßóáóÇãö Ýöí ÚóæúÏö ÇáÖøóãóÇÆöÑö¡ æóÇáúæóÌúåõ ÇáúÃóæøóáõ ÃóÍúÓóäõ.
æóÞõÏøöãó ÇáúãóÌúÑõæÑõ Úóáóì ÇáúãóÝúÚõæáö ÇáúÃóÕúáöíøö áöíóÊóÃóÊøóì ÇáúÅöíÌóÇÒõ ÈöÇáúÅöÖúãóÇÑö ÍóíúËõ ÃõÑöíÏó æóÕúÝõ åõæÏò ÈöÃóäøóåõ ãöäú ÅöÎúæóÉö ÚóÇÏò æóãä Õóãöíãöåöãú¡ ãöäú ÛóíúÑö ÇÍúÊöíóÇÌò Åöáóì ÅöÚóÇÏóÉö áóÝúÙö ÚóÇÏò¡ æóãóÚó ÊóÌóäøõÈö ÚóæúÏö ÇáÖøóãöíÑö Úóáóì ãõÊóÃóÎøöÑò áóÝúÙðÇ æóÑõÊúÈóÉð¡ ÝóÞöíáó æóÅöáóì ÚóÇÏò ÃóÎóÇåõãú åõæÏðÇ æåõæÏÇð ÈóÏóáñ Ãóæú ÈóíóÇäñ ãöäú ÃóÎÇåõãú.
æóÚóÇÏñ ÃõãøóÉñ ÚóÙöíãóÉñ ãöäó ÇáúÚóÑóÈö ÇáúÚóÇÑöÈóÉö ÇáúÈóÇÆöÏóÉö¡ æóßóÇäõæÇ ÚóÔúÑó ÞóÈóÇÆöáó¡ æóÞöíáó ËóáóÇËó ÚóÔúÑóÉó ÞóÈöíáóÉð æóåõãú ÃóÈúäóÇÁõ ÚóÇÏö Èúäö ÚõæÕò¡ æóÚõæÕñ åõæó ÇÈúäõ ÅöÑóãö Èúäö ÓóÇãö Èúäö äõæÍò¡ ßóÐóÇ ÇÕúØóáóÍó ÇáúãõÄóÑøöÎõæäó.
æóåõæÏñ ÇÎúÊõáöÝó Ýöí äóÓóÈöåö¡ ÝóÞöíáó: åõæó ãöäú ÐõÑøöíøóÉö ÚóÇÏò¡ ÝóÞóÇáó ÇáúÞóÇÆöáõæäó ÈöåóÐóÇ: åõæó ÇÈúäõ ÚóÈúÏö Çááøóåö Èúäö ÑóÈóÇÍö Èúäö ÇáúÎõáõæÏö Èúäö ÚóÇÏò¡ æóÞöíáó: åõæó ãöäú ÐõÑøöíøóÉö ÓóÇãò ÌóÏøö ÚóÇÏò¡ æóáóíúÓó ãöäú ÐõÑøöíøóÉö ÚóÇÏò¡
æóÇáúÞóÇÆöáõæäó ÈöåóÐóÇ ÞóÇáõæÇ åõæó åõæÏõ Èúäõ ÔóÇáöÎö Èúäö ÃóÑúÝóÎúÔóÏó Èúäö ÓóÇãö Èúäö äõæÍò¡ æóÐóßóÑó ÇáúÈóÛóæöíøõ Úóäú Úóáöíøò: Ãóäøó ÞóÈúÑó åõæÏò ÈöÍóÖúÑóãóæúÊó Ýöí ßóËöíÈò ÃóÍúãóÑó¡ æóÚóäú ÚóÈúÏö ÇáÑøóÍúãóäö Èúäö ÓóÇÈöØò: Ãóäøó ÞóÈúÑó åõæÏò Èóíúäó ÇáÑøõßúäö æóÇáúãóÞóÇãö æóÒóãúÒóãó.
æóÚóÇÏñ ÃõÑöíÏó Èöåö ÇáúÞóÈöíáóÉõ æóÓóÇÛó ÕóÑúÝõåõ áöÃóäøóåõ ËõáóÇËöíøñ ÓóÇßöäõ ÇáúæóÓóØõ¡ æóßóÇäóÊú ãóäóÇÒöáõ ÚóÇÏò ÈöÈöáóÇÏö ÇáúÚóÑóÈö ÈöÇáÔøöÍúÑö- ÈößóÓúÑö ÇáÔøöíäö ÇáúãõÚúÌóãóÉö æóÓõßõæäö ÇáúÍóÇÁö ÇáúãõåúãóáóÉö- ãöäú ÃóÑÖ Çáúíãä æóÍÖÑ ãæÊ æóÚõãóÇäó æóÇáúÃóÍúÞóÇÝö¡ æóåöíó ÇáÑøöãóÇáõ(8-È/200)
ÇáøóÊöí Èóíúäó ÍóÖúÑóãóæúÊó æóÚõãóÇäó.
æóÇáúÃóÎõ åõäóÇ ãõÓúÊóÚúãóáñ Ýöí ãõØúáóÞö ÇáúÞóÑöíÈö¡ Úóáóì æóÌúåö ÇáúãóÌóÇÒö ÇáúãõÑúÓóáö æóãöäúåõ Þóæúáõåõãú íóÇ ÃóÎóÇ ÇáúÚóÑóÈö¡ æóÞóÏú ßóÇäó åõæÏñ ãöäú Èóäöí ÚóÇÏò¡ æóÞöíáó: ßóÇäó ÇÈúäó Úóãøö ÅöÑóãó¡ æóíõØúáóÞõ ÇáúÃóÎõ ãóÌóÇÒðÇ ÃóíúÖðÇ Úóáóì ÇáúãõÕóÇÍöÈö ÇáúãõáóÇÒöãö¡ ßóÞóæúáöåöãú: åõæó ÃóÎõæ ÇáúÍóÑúÈö¡ æóãöäúåõ Åöäøó ÇáúãõÈóÐøöÑöíäó ßÇäõæÇ ÅöÎúæÇäó ÇáÔøóíÇØöíäö [ÇáúÅöÓúÑóÇÁ: 27]- æóÞóæúáõåõ- æóÅöÎúæÇäõåõãú íóãõÏøõæäóåõãú Ýöí ÇáÛóíøö [ÇáúÃóÚúÑóÇÝ: 202] . ÝóÇáúãõÑóÇÏõ Ãóäøó åõæÏðÇ ßóÇäó ãöäú Ðóæöí äóÓóÈö Þóæúãöåö ÚóÇÏò¡ æóÅöäøóãóÇ æõÕöÝó åõæÏñ æóÛóíúÑõåõ ÈöÐóáößó¡ æóáóãú íõæÕóÝú äõæÍñ ÈöÃóäøóåõ ÃóÎñ áöÞóæúãöåö: áöÃóäøó ÇáäøóÇÓó Ýöí Òóãóäö äõæÍò áóãú íóßõæäõæÇ ÞóÏö ÇäúÞóÓóãõæÇ ÔõÚõæÈðÇ æóÞóÈóÇÆöáó¡ æóÇáúÚóÑóÈõ íóÞõæáõæäó:
áöáúæóÇÍöÏö ãöäó ÇáúÞóÈöíáóÉö: ÃóÎõæ Èóäöí ÝõáóÇäò¡ ÞóÕúÏðÇ áóÚóÒúæöåö æóäöÓúÈóÊöåö ÊóãúíöíÒðÇ áöáäøóÇÓö ÅöÐú ÞóÏú íóÔúÊóÑößõæäó Ýöí ÇáúÃóÚúáóÇãö¡ æóíõÄúÎóÐõ ãöäú åóÐöåö ÇáúÂíóÉö æóäóÙóÇÆöÑöåóÇ Ãóäøó äöÙóÇãó ÇáúÞóÈóÇÆöáö ãóÇ ÍóÏóËó ÅöáøóÇ ÈóÚúÏó ÇáØøõæÝóÇäö.
æÝÕáÊ ÌõãúáóÉõ: ÞÇáó íóÇ Þóæúãö æóáóãú ÊõÚúØóÝú ÈöÇáúÝóÇÁö ßóãóÇ ÚõØöÝó äóÙöíÑõåóÇ ÇáúãõÊóÞóÏøöãõ Ýöí ÞöÕøóÉö äõæÍò áöÃóäøó ÇáúÍóÇáó ÇÞúÊóÖóì åõäóÇ Ãóäú Êóßõæäó ãõÓúÊóÃúäóÝóÉð ÇÓúÊöÆúäóÇÝðÇ ÈóíóÇäöíøðÇ áöÃóäøó ÞöÕøóÉó åõæÏò áóãøóÇ æóÑóÏóÊú ÚóÞöÈó ÞöÕøóÉö äõæÍò ÇáúãóÐúßõæÑö ÝöíåóÇ ÏóÚúæóÊõåõ Þóæúãóåõ ÕóÇÑó ÇáÓøóÇãöÚõ ãõÊóÑóÞøöÈðÇ ãóÚúÑöÝóÉó ãóÇ ÎóÇØóÈó Èöåö åõæÏñ Þóæúãóåõ ÍóíúËõ ÈóÚóËóåõ Çááøóåõ Åöáóíúåöãú¡ ÝóßóÇäó Ðóáößó ãóËóÇÑó ÓõÄóÇáò Ýöí äóÝúÓö ÇáÓøóÇãöÚö Ãóäú íóÞõæáó: ÝóãóÇÐóÇ ÏóÚóÇ åõæÏñ Þóæúãóåõ æóÈöãóÇÐóÇ ÃóÌóÇÈõæÇ¿ ÝóíóÞóÚõ ÇáúÌóæóÇÈõ ÈöÃóäøóåõ ÞóÇáó: íóÇ Þóæúãö ÇÚúÈõÏõæÇ Çááøóåó ÅöáóÎú ãóÚó ãóÇ Ýöí åóÐóÇ ÇáöÇÎúÊöáóÇÝö ãöäó ÇáÊøóÝóäøõäö Ýöí ÃóÓóÇáöíÈö ÇáúßóáóÇãö¡ æóáöÃóäøó ÇáúÝöÚúáó ÇáúãõÝóÑøóÚó Úóäúåõ ÇáúÞóæúáõ ÈöÇáúÚóØúÝö áóãøóÇ ßóÇäó ãóÍúÐõæÝðÇ áóãú íóßõäú ÇáÊøóÝúÑöíÚõ ÍóÓóäðÇ Ýöí ÕõæÑóÉö ÇáäøóÙúãö.
æóÇáÑøóÈúØõ Èóíúäó ÇáúÌõãóáö ÍóÇÕöáñ Ýöí ÇáúÍóÇáóÊóíúäö áöÃóäøó ÝóÇÁó ÇáúÚóØúÝö ÑóÇÈöØñ áóÝúÙöíøñ áöáúãóÚúØõæÝö ÈöÇáúãóÚúØõæÝö Úóáóíúåö¡ æóÌóæóÇÈõ ÇáÓøõÄóÇáö ÑóÇÈöØñ ÌõãúáóÉó ÇáúÌóæóÇÈö ÈöÌõãúáóÉö ãóËóÇÑö ÇáÓøõÄóÇáö ÑóÈúØðÇ ãóÚúäóæöíøðÇ.
æóÌõãúáóÉõ: ãóÇ áóßõãú ãöäú Åöáåò ÛóíúÑõåõ ãõÓúÊóÃúäóÝóÉñ ÇÈúÊöÏóÇÆöíøóÉñ. æóÞóÏú ÔóÇÈóåóÊú ÏóÚúæóÉõ åõæÏò Þóæúãóåõ ÏóÚúæóÉó äõæÍò Þóæúãóåõ Ýöí Çáúãõåöãøö ãöäú ßóáóÇãöåóÇ: áöÃóäøó ÇáÑøõÓõáó ãõÑúÓóáõæäó(8-È/201)
ãöäó Çááøóåö æóÇáúÍößúãóÉõ ãöäó ÇáúÅöÑúÓóÇáö æóÇÍöÏóÉñ¡ ÝóáóÇ ÌóÑóãó Ãóäú ÊóÊóÔóÇÈóåó ÏóÚóæóÇÊõåõãú¡
æóÝöí ÇáúÍóÏöíËö: «ÇáúÃóäúÈöíóÇÁõ ÃóÈúäóÇÁõ ÚóáøóÇÊò»
æóÞóÇáó ÊóÚóÇáóì:
ÔóÑóÚó áóßõãú ãöäó ÇáÏøöíäö ãóÇ æóÕøóì Èöåö äõæÍÇð æóÇáøóÐöí ÃóæúÍóíúäÇ Åöáóíúßó æóãÇ æóÕøóíúäÇ Èöåö ÅöÈúÑÇåöíãó æóãõæÓì
æóÚöíÓì
[ÇáÔæÑì: 13] .
æóÌõãúáóÉõ: ÃóÝóáÇ ÊóÊøóÞõæäó ÇÓúÊöÝúåóÇãöíøóÉñ ÅöäúßóÇÑöíøóÉñ ãóÚúØõæÝóÉñ ÈöÝóÇÁö ÇáÊøóÝúÑöíÚö Úóáóì ÌõãúáóÉö: ãóÇ áóßõãú ãöäú Åöáåò ÛóíúÑõåõ. æóÇáúãõÑóÇÏõ ÈöÇáÊøóÞúæóì ÇáúÍóÐóÑõ ãöäú ÚöÞóÇÈö Çááøóåö ÊóÚóÇáóì Úóáóì ÅöÔúÑóÇßöåöãú ÛóíúÑóåõ Ýöí ÇáúÚöÈóÇÏóÉö æóÇÚúÊöÞóÇÏö ÇáúÅöáóåöíøóÉö. æóÝöíåö ÊóÚúÑöíÖñ ÈöæóÚöíÏöåöãú Åöäö ÇÓúÊóãóÑøõæÇ Úóáóì Ðóáößó. æóÅöäøóãóÇ ÇÈúÊóÏóÃó ÈöÇáúÅöäúßóÇÑö Úóáóíúåöãú ÅöÛúáóÇÙðÇ Ýöí ÇáÏøóÚúæóÉö æóÊóåúæöíáðÇ áöÝóÙóÇÚóÉö ÇáÔøöÑúßö¡ Åöäú ßóÇäó ÞóÇáó Ðóáößó Ýöí ÇÈúÊöÏóÇÁö ÏóÚúæóÊöåö¡ æóíõÍúÊóãóáõ Ãóäøó Ðóáößó ÍößóÇíóÉõ Þóæúáò ãöäú ÃóÞúæóÇáöåö Ýöí ÊóßúÑöíÑö ÇáÏøóÚúæóÉö ÈóÚúÏó Ãóäú ÏóÚóÇåõãõ ÇáúãóÑøóÉó ÈóÚúÏó ÇáúãóÑøóÉö æóæóÚóÙóåõãú¡ ßóãóÇ ÞóÇáó äõæÍñ Åöäøöí ÏóÚóæúÊõ Þóæúãöí áóíúáðÇ æóäóåÇÑÇð [äæÍ: 5] ßóãóÇ ÇÞúÊóÖóÇåõ ÈóÚúÖõ ÊóæúÌöíåóÇÊö ÊóÌúÑöíÏö ÍößóÇíóÉö ßóáóÇãöåö Úóäú ÝóÇÁö ÇáÊøóÝúÑöíÚö ÇáúãóÐúßõæÑö ÂäöÝðÇ.
æóæóÕúÝõ ÇáúãóáóÃö Èö ÇáøóÐöíäó ßóÝóÑõæÇ åõäóÇ¡ Ïõæäó ãóÇ Ýöí ÞöÕøóÉö äõæÍò¡ æóÕúÝñ ßóÇÔöÝñ æóáóíúÓó áöáÊøóÞúíöíÏö ÊóÝóäøõäðÇ Ýöí ÃóÓóÇáöíÈö ÇáúÍößóÇíóÉö ÃóáóÇ ÊóÑóì Ãóäøóåõ ÞóÏú æóÕóÝó ãóáóÃó Þóæúãö äõæÍò Èö ÇáøóÐöíäó ßóÝóÑõæÇ Ýöí ÂíóÉö ÓõæÑóÉö åõæÏò¡ æóÇáÊøóæúÌöíåõ ÇáøóÐöí Ýöí «ÇáúßóÔøóÇÝö» åõäóÇ ÛóÝúáóÉñ ÚóãøóÇ Ýöí ÓõæÑóÉö åõæÏò.
æóÇáÑøõÄúíóÉõ ÞóáúÈöíøóÉñ¡ Ãóíú ÅöäøóÇ áóäóÚúáóãõ Ãóäøóßó Ýöí ÓóÝóÇåóÉò.
æóÇáÓøóÝóÇåóÉõ ÓóÎóÇÝóÉõ ÇáúÚóÞúáö¡ æóÞóÏú ÊóÞóÏøóãó ÇáúÞóæúáõ Ýöí åóÐöåö ÇáúãóÇÏøóÉö ÚöäúÏó Þóæúáöåö ÊóÚóÇáóì: ÞÇáõæÇ ÃóäõÄúãöäõ ßóãÇ Âãóäó ÇáÓøõÝóåÇÁõ [ÇáúÈóÞóÑóÉö: 13]- æóÞóæáå- æóãóäú íóÑúÛóÈõ Úóäú ãöáøóÉö ÅöÈúÑÇåöíãó ÅöáøóÇ ãóäú ÓóÝöåó äóÝúÓóåõ Ýöí ÓõæÑóÉ ÇáúÈóÞóÑóÉ [130] . ÌóÚóáõæÇ Þóæúáóåõ: ãóÇ áóßõãú ãöäú Åöáåò ÛóíúÑõåõ ßóáóÇãðÇ áóÇ íóÕúÏõÑõ ÅöáøóÇ Úóäú ãõÎúÊóáøö ÇáúÚóÞúáö áöÃóäøóåõ ãöäú Þóæúáö ÇáúãõÍóÇáö ÚöäúÏóåõãú.
æóÃóØúáóÞõæÇ ÇáÙøóäøó Úóáóì ÇáúíóÞöíäö Ýöí Þóæúáöåöãú: æóÅöäøóÇ áóäóÙõäøõßó ãöäó ÇáúßÇÐöÈöíäó æóåõæó ÇÓúÊöÚúãóÇáñ ßóËöíÑñ ßóãóÇ Ýöí Þóæúáöåö ÊóÚóÇáóì: ÇáøóÐöíäó íóÙõäøõæäó Ãóäøóåõãú ãõáÇÞõæÇ ÑóÈøöåöãú æóÞóÏú ÊóÞóÏøóãó Ýöí ÓõæÑóÉö ÇáúÈóÞóÑóÉö [46] ¡ æóÃóÑóÇÏõæÇ ÊóßúÐöíÈóåõ Ýöí Þóæúáöåö ãóÇ áóßõãú ãöäú Åöáåò ÛóíúÑõåõ¡ æóÝöíãóÇ íóÊóÖóãøóäõåõ Þóæúáõåõ Ðóáößó ãöäú ßóæúäöåö ÑóÓõæáðÇ Åöáóíúåöãú ãöäó Çááøóåö.(8-È/202)
ÞóÇáó íóÇ Þóæúãö áóíúÓó Èöí ÓóÝóÇåóÉñ æóáóßöäøöí ÑóÓõæáñ ãöäú ÑóÈøö ÇáúÚóÇáóãöíäó (67) ÃõÈóáøöÛõßõãú ÑöÓóÇáóÇÊö ÑóÈøöí æóÃóäóÇ áóßõãú äóÇÕöÍñ Ãóãöíäñ (68)
æóÞóÏú ÊóÔóÇÈóåóÊú ÃóÞúæóÇáõ Þóæúãö åõæÏò æóÃóÞúæóÇáõ Þóæúãö äõæÍò Ýöí ÊóßúÐöíÈö ÇáÑøóÓõæáö áöÃóäøó ÖóáóÇáóÉó ÇáúãõßóÐøöÈöíäó ãõÊøóÍöÏóÉñ¡ æóÔõÈõåóÇÊöåöãú ãõÊøóÍöÏóÉñ¡ ßóãóÇ ÞóÇáó ÊóÚóÇáóì: ÊóÔÇÈóåóÊú ÞõáõæÈõåõãú [ÇáúÈóÞóÑóÉ: 118] ÝóßóÃóäøóåõãú áóÞøóäó ÈóÚúÖõåõãú ÈóÚúÖðÇ ßóãóÇ ÞóÇáó ÊóÚóÇáóì: ÃóÊóæÇÕóæúÇ Èöåö Èóáú åõãú Þóæúãñ ØÇÛõæäó [ÇáÐÇÑíÇÊ: 53] .
[67¡ 68]
[ÓõæÑóÉ ÇáúÃóÚúÑóÇÝ (7) : ÇáúÂíóÇÊ 67 Åöáóì 68]
ÞÇáó íóÇ Þóæúãö áóíúÓó Èöí ÓóÝÇåóÉñ æóáßöäøöí ÑóÓõæáñ ãöäú ÑóÈøö ÇáúÚÇáóãöíäó (67) ÃõÈóáøöÛõßõãú ÑöÓÇáÇÊö ÑóÈøöí æóÃóäóÇ áóßõãú äÇÕöÍñ Ãóãöíäñ (68)
ÝõÕöáóÊú ÌõãúáóÉõ: ÞÇáó áöÃóäøóåóÇ Úóáóì ØóÑöíÞóÉö ÇáúãõÍóÇæóÑóÉö¡ æóÞóÏú ÊóÞóÏøóãó ÇáúÞóæúáõ ÝöíåóÇ ÂäöÝðÇ æóÝöíãóÇ ãóÖóì.
æóÊóÝúÓöíÑõ ÇáúÂíóÉö ÊóÞóÏøóãó Ýöí äóÙöíÑöåóÇ ÂäöÝðÇ Ýöí ÞöÕøóÉö äõæÍò¡ ÅöáøóÇ Ãóäøóåõ ÞóÇáó Ýöí ÞöÕøóÉö äõæÍò æóÃóäúÕóÍõ áóßõãú [ÇáúÃóÚúÑóÇÝ: 62] æóÞóÇáó Ýöí åóÐöåö æóÃóäóÇ áóßõãú äÇÕöÍñ Ãóãöíäñ ÝóäõæÍñ ÞóÇáó ãóÇ íóÏõáøõ Úóáóì Ãóäøóåõ ÛóíúÑõ ãõÞúáöÚò Úóäö ÇáäøõÕúÍö áöáúæóÌúåö ÇáøóÐöí ÊóÞóÏøóãó¡ æóåõæÏñ ÞóÇáó ãóÇ íóÏõáøõ Úóáóì Ãóäøó äõÕúÍóåõ áóåõãú æóÕúÝñ ËóÇÈöÊñ Ýöíåö ãõÊóãóßøöäñ ãöäúåõ¡ æóÃóäøó ãóÇ ÒóÚóãõæåõ ÓóÝóÇåóÉð åõæó äõÕúÍñ.
æóÃõÊúÈöÚó äÇÕöÍñ Èö Âãøöíäó æóåõæó ÇáúãóæúÕõæÝõ ÈöÇáúÃóãóÇäóÉö áöÑóÏøö Þóæúáöåöãú áóåõ: áóäóÙõäøõßó ãöäó ÇáúßÇÐöÈöíäó [ÇáúÃóÚúÑóÇÝ: 66] áöÃóäøó ÇáúÃóãöíäó åõæó ÇáúãóæúÕõæÝõ ÈöÇáúÃóãóÇäóÉö¡ æóÇáúÃóãóÇäóÉõ ÍóÇáóÉñ Ýöí ÇáúÅöäúÓóÇäö ÊóÈúÚóËõåõ Úóáóì ÍöÝúÙö ãóÇ íóÌöÈõ Úóáóíúåö ãöäú ÍóÞøò áöÛóíúÑöåö¡ æóÊóãúäóÚõåõ ãöäú ÅöÖóÇÚóÊöåö¡ Ãóæú ÌóÚúáöåö áöäóÝúÚö äóÝúÓöåö¡ æóÖöÏøõåóÇ ÇáúÎöíóÇäóÉõ.
æóÇáúÃóãóÇäóÉõ ãöäú ÃóÚóÒøö ÃóæúÕóÇÝö ÇáúÈóÔóÑö¡ æóåöíó ãöäú ÃóÎúáóÇÞö ÇáúãõÓúáöãöíäó¡
æóÝöí ÇáúÍóÏöíËö: «áóÇ ÅöíãóÇäó áöãóäú áóÇ ÃóãóÇäó áóåõ»
æóÝöí ÇáúÍóÏöíËö: «Åöäøó ÇáúÃóãóÇäóÉó äóÒóáóÊú Ýöí ÌöÐúÑö ÞõáõæÈö ÇáÑøöÌóÇáö Ëõãøó ÚóáöãõæÇ ãöäó ÇáúÞõÑúÂäö Ëõãøó ÚóáöãõæÇ ãöäó ÇáÓøõäøóÉö- Ëõãøó ÞóÇáó- íóäóÇãõ ÇáÑøóÌõáõ ÇáäøóæúãóÉó ÝóÊõÞúÈóÖõ ÇáúÃóãóÇäóÉõ ãöäú ÞóáúÈöåö- Åöáóì Ãóäú ÞóÇáó- ÝóíõÞóÇáõ: Åöäøó Ýöí Èóäöí ÝõáóÇäò ÑóÌõáðÇ ÃóãöíäðÇ æóíõÞóÇáõ áöáÑøóÌõáö ãóÇ ÃóÚúÞóáóåõ æóãóÇ ÃóÙúÑóÝóåõ æóãóÇ ÃóÌúáóÏóåõ æóãóÇ Ýöí ÞóáúÈöåö ãöËúÞóÇáõ ÍóÈøóÉò ãöäú ÎóÑúÏóáò ãöäú ÅöíãóÇäò»
ÝóÐóßóÑó ÇáúÅöíãóÇäó Ýöí ãóæúÖöÚö ÇáúÃóãóÇäóÉö. æóÇáúßóÐöÈõ ãöäó ÇáúÎöíóÇäóÉö¡(8-È/203)
ÃóæóÚóÌöÈúÊõãú Ãóäú ÌóÇÁóßõãú ÐößúÑñ ãöäú ÑóÈøößõãú Úóáóì ÑóÌõáò ãöäúßõãú áöíõäúÐöÑóßõãú æóÇÐúßõÑõæÇ ÅöÐú ÌóÚóáóßõãú ÎõáóÝóÇÁó ãöäú ÈóÚúÏö Þóæúãö äõæÍò æóÒóÇÏóßõãú Ýöí ÇáúÎóáúÞö ÈóÓúØóÉð ÝóÇÐúßõÑõæÇ ÂáóÇÁó Çááøóåö áóÚóáøóßõãú ÊõÝúáöÍõæäó (69)
æóÇáÕøöÏúÞõ ãöäó ÇáúÃóãóÇäóÉö¡ áöÃóäøó ÇáúßóÐöÈó ÇáúÎóÈóÑõ ÈöÃóãúÑò ÛóíúÑö æóÇÞöÚò Ýöí ÕõæÑóÉò Êõæåöãõ ÇáÓøóÇãöÚó æóÇÞöÚñ¡ ÝóÐóáößó ÎöíóÇäóÉñ áöáÓøóÇãöÚö¡ æóÇáÕøöÏúÞõ ÅöÈúáóÇÛõ ÇáúÃóãúÑö ÇáúæóÇÞöÚö ßóãóÇ åõæó Ýóåõæó ÃóÏóÇÁñ áöÃóãóÇäóÉö ãóÇ Úóáöãóåõ ÇáúãõÎúÈöÑõ¡ ÝóÞóæúáõåõ Ýöí ÇáúÂíóÉö Ãóãöíäñ æóÕúÝñ íóÌúãóÚõ ÇáÕøöÝóÇÊö ÇáøóÊöí ÊóÌúÚóáõåõ ÈöãóÍóáøö ÇáËøöÞóÉö ãöäú Þóæúãöåö¡ æóãöäú Ðóáößó ÅöÈúØóÇáõ ßóæúäöåö ãöäó ÇáúßóÇÐöÈöíäó.
æóÊóÞúÏöíãõ áóßõãú Úóáóì ÚóÇãöáöåö áöáúÅöíÐóÇäö ÈöÇåúÊöãóÇãöåö ÈöãóÇ íóäúÝóÚõåõãú.
[69]
[ÓõæÑóÉ ÇáúÃóÚúÑóÇÝ (7) : ÂíóÉ 69]
ÃóæóÚóÌöÈúÊõãú Ãóäú ÌÇÁóßõãú ÐößúÑñ ãöäú ÑóÈøößõãú Úóáì ÑóÌõáò ãöäúßõãú áöíõäúÐöÑóßõãú æóÇÐúßõÑõæÇ ÅöÐú ÌóÚóáóßõãú ÎõáóÝÇÁó ãöäú ÈóÚúÏö Þóæúãö äõæÍò æóÒÇÏóßõãú Ýöí ÇáúÎóáúÞö ÈóÕúØóÉð ÝóÇÐúßõÑõæÇ ÂáÇÁó Çááøóåö áóÚóáøóßõãú ÊõÝúáöÍõæäó (69)
ÃóæóÚóÌöÈúÊõãú Ãóäú ÌÇÁóßõãú ÐößúÑñ ãöäú ÑóÈøößõãú Úóáì ÑóÌõáò ãöäúßõãú áöíõäúÐöÑóßõãú.
åóÐóÇ ãõãóÇËöáñ Þóæúáó äõæÍò áöÞóæúãöåö æóÞóÏú ÊóÞóÏøóãó ÂäöÝðÇ ÓóÈóÈõ ÇáúãõãóÇËóáóÉö. æóÊóÞóÏøóãó ãöäú ÞóÈúáõ ÊóÝúÓöíÑõ äóÙöíÑöåö.
æóÇÐúßõÑõæÇ ÅöÐú ÌóÚóáóßõãú ÎõáóÝÇÁó ãöäú ÈóÚúÏö Þóæúãö äõæÍò æóÒÇÏóßõãú Ýöí ÇáúÎóáúÞö ÈóÕúØóÉð ÝóÇÐúßõÑõæÇ ÂáÇÁó Çááøóåö áóÚóáøóßõãú ÊõÝúáöÍõæäó.
íóÌõæÒõ Ãóäú íßæä Þóæúáå: áöíõäúÐöÑóßõãú ÚóØúÝðÇ Úóáóì Þóæúáå: ÇÚúÈõÏõæÇ [ÇáúÃóÚúÑóÇÝ: 65] æóíóßõæäó ãóÇ ÈóíúäóåõãóÇ ÇÚúÊöÑóÇÖðÇ Íõßöíó Èöåö ãóÇ ÌóÑóì Èóíúäóåõ æóÈóíúäó Þóæúãöåö ãöäó ÇáúãõÍóÇæóÑóÉö ÇáøóÊöí ÞóÇØóÚõæåõ ÈöåóÇ ÚóÞöÈó Þóæúáöåö áóåõãõ ÇÚúÈõÏõæÇ Çááøóåó [ÇáúÃóÚúÑóÇÝ: 65] ¡ ÝóáóãøóÇ ÃóÊóãøó ÌóæóÇÈóåõãú ÚóãøóÇ ÞóÇØóÚõæÇ Èöåö ßóáóÇãóåõ ÚóÇÏó Åöáóì ÏóÚúæóÊöåö¡ Ýóíóßõæäõ ÑõÌõæÚðÇ Åöáóì ÇáÏøóÚúæóì¡ æóíóÌõæÒõ Ãóäú íóßõæäó ÚóØúÝðÇ Úóáóì Þóæúáöåö: ÃóæóÚóÌöÈúÊõãú Ãóäú ÌÇÁóßõãú ÐößúÑñ ãöäú ÑóÈøößõãú Ãóíú: áóÇ ÊõäúßöÑõæÇ Ãóäú ÌóÇÁóßõãú ÐößúÑñ ãöäú ÑóÈøößõãú æóÇÐúßõÑõæÇ äöÚúãóÊóåõ Úóáóíúßõãú¡ Ýóíóßõæäõ ÊóßúãöáóÉð áöáöÇÓúÊöÏúáóÇáö¡ æóÃóíøðÇ ãóÇ ßóÇäó ÝóÇáúãóÂáõ æóÇÍöÏñ¡ æóÇäúÊóÞóáó ãöäú ÃóãúÑöåöãú ÈöÇáÊøóæúÍöíÏö Åöáóì ÊóÐúßöíÑöåöãú ÈöäöÚúãóÉö Çááøóåö Úóáóíúåöãõ ÇáøóÊöí áóÇ íõäúßöÑõæäó ÃóäøóåóÇ ãöäú äöÚóãö Çááøóåö Ïõæäó ÛóíúÑöåö¡ áöÃóäøó ÇáúÎóáúÞó æóÇáúÃóãúÑó áöáøóåö áóÇ áöÛóíúÑöåö. ÊóÐúßöíÑðÇ ãöäú ÔóÃúäöåö ÅöíÕóÇáõåõãú Åöáóì ÅöÝúÑóÇÏö Çááøóåö ÊóÚóÇáóì ÈöÇáúÚöÈóÇÏóÉö. æóÅöäøóãóÇ ÃóãóÑóåõãú(8-È/204)
ÈöÇáÐøößúÑö (ÈöÖóãøö ÇáÐøóÇáö) áöÃóäøó ÇáäøóÝúÓó ÊóäúÓóì ÇáäøöÚóãó ÝóÊóßúÝõÑõ ÇáúãõäúÚöãó¡ ÝóÅöÐóÇ ÊóÐóßøóÑóÊö ÇáäøöÚúãóÉó ÑóÃóÊú ÍóÞøðÇ ÚóáóíúåóÇ Ãóäú ÊóÔúßõÑó ÇáúãõäúÚöãó¡ æóáöÐóáößó ßóÇäóÊú ãóÓúÃóáóÉõ ÔõßúÑö ÇáúãõäúÚöãö ãöäú Ãóåóãøö ãóÓóÇÆöáö ÇáÊøóßúáöíÝö¡ æóÇáöÇßúÊöÝóÇÁö ÈöÍõÓúäöåö ÚóÞúáðÇ ÚöäúÏó ÇáúãõÊóßóáøöãöíäó ÓóæóÇÁñ ãöäúåõãú ãä ÇßúÊÝì ÈÇáÍÓ ÇáúÚóÞúáöíøö æóãóäú áóãú íóßúÊóÝö Èöåö æóÇÚúÊóÈóÑó ÇáÊøóæóÞøõÝó Úóáóì ÇáúÎöØóÇÈö ÇáÔøóÑúÚöíøö.
æÅöÐú ÇÓúãõ ÒóãóÇäò ãóäúÕõæÈñ Úóáóì ÇáúãóÝúÚõæáö Èöåö¡ æóáóíúÓó ÙóÑúÝðÇ áöÚóÏóãö ÇÓúÊöÞóÇãóÉö ÇáúãóÚúäóì Úóáóì ÇáÙøóÑúÝöíøóÉö¡ æóÇáÊøóÍúÞöíÞõ Ãóäøó (ÅöÐú) áóÇ ÊõáóÇÒöãõ ÇáÙøóÑúÝöíøóÉó Èóáú åöíó ÙóÑúÝñ ãõÊóÕóÑøöÝñ¡ æóåõæó ãõÎúÊóÇÑõ ÕóÇÍöÈö «ÇáúßóÔøóÇÝö» ¡ æóÇáúãóÚúäóì: ÇÐúßõÑõæÇ ÇáúæóÞúÊó ÇáøóÐöí ÙóåóÑóÊú Ýöíåö ÎöáóÇÝóÊõßõãú Úóäú Þóæúãö äõæÍò Ýöí ÊóÚúãöíÑö ÇáúÃóÑúÖö æóÇáúåóíúãóäóÉö Úóáóì ÇáúÃõãóãö¡ ÝóÅöäøó ÚóÇÏðÇ ßóÇäõæÇ Ðóæöí ÞõæøóÉò æóäöÚúãóÉò ÚóÙöíãóÉò æóÞÇáõæÇ ãóäú ÃóÔóÏøõ ãöäøóÇ ÞõæøóÉð [ÝÕáÊ: 15] .
ÝóÇáúÎõáóÝóÇÁõ ÌóãúÚõ ÎóáöíÝóÉò æóåõæó ÇáøóÐöí íóÎúáõÝõ ÛóíúÑóåõ Ýöí ÔóíúÁò¡ Ãóíú íóÊóæóáøóì Úóãóáó ãóÇ ßóÇäó íóÚúãóáõåõ ÇáúÂÎóÑõ¡ æóÞóÏú ÊóÞóÏøóãó ÚöäúÏó Þóæúáöåö ÊóÚóÇáóì: Åöäøöí ÌÇÚöáñ Ýöí ÇáúÃóÑúÖö ÎóáöíÝóÉð Ýöí ÓõæÑóÉö ÇáúÈóÞóÑóÉö [30] ¡ ÝóÇáúãõÑóÇÏõ: ÌóÚóáóßõãú ÎõáóÝóÇÁó Ýöí ÊóÚúãöíÑö ÇáúÃóÑúÖö¡ æóáóãøóÇ ÞóÇáó: ãöäú ÈóÚúÏö Þóæúãö äõæÍò Úõáöãó Ãóäøó ÇáúãóÞúÕõæÏó Ãóäøóåõãú ÎõáóÝóÇÁõ Þóæúãö äõæÍò¡ ÝóÚóÇÏñ Ãóæøóáõ ÃõãøóÉò ÇÖúØóáóÚóÊú ÈöÇáúÍóÖóÇÑóÉö ÈóÚúÏó ÇáØøõæÝóÇäö¡ æóßóÇäó Èóäõæ äõæÍò ÞóÏú ÊóßóÇËóÑõæÇ æóÇäúÊóÔóÑõæÇ Ýöí ÇáúÃóÑúÖö¡ Ýöí ÃóÑúãöíäöíøóÉó æóÇáúãóæúÕöáö æóÇáúÚöÑóÇÞö æóÈöáóÇÏö ÇáúÚóÑóÈö¡ æóßóÇäõæÇ ÃõãóãðÇ ßóËöíÑóÉð¡ Ãóæú ßóÇäóÊ ÚóÇÏ ÚÙã Êöáúßó ÇáúÃõãóãö æóÃóÕúÍóÇÈó ÇáÓøöíóÇÏóÉö Úóáóì ÓóÇÆöÑö ÇáúÃõãóãö¡ æóáóíúÓó ÇáúãõÑóÇÏõ Ãóäøóåõãú ÎóáøóÝõæÇ Þóæúãó äõæÍò Ýöí ÏöíóÇÑöåöãú áöÃóäøó ãóäóÇÒöáó ÚóÇÏò ÛóíúÑõ ãõäóÇÒöáö Þóæúãö äõæÍò ÚöäúÏó ÇáúãõÄóÑøöÎöíäó¡ æóåóÐóÇ ÇáÊøóÐúßöíÑõ ÊóÕúÑöíÍñ ÈöÇáäøöÚúãóÉö¡ æóÊóÚúÑöíÖñ ÈöÇáäøöÐóÇÑóÉö æóÇáúæóÚöíÏö ÈöÃóäøó Þóæúãó äõæÍò ÅöäøóãóÇ ÇÓúÊóÃúÕóáóåõãú
æóÃóÈóÇÏóåõãú ÚóÐóÇÈñ ãöäó Çááøóåö Úóáóì ÔöÑúßöåöãú¡ Ýóãóäö ÇÊøóÈóÚóåõãú Ýöí ÕõäúÚöåöãú íõæÔößõ Ãóäú íóÍöáøó Èöåö ÚóÐóÇÈñ ÃóíúÖðÇ.
æÇáúÎóáúÞö íõÍúÊóãóáõ Ãóäú íóßõæäó ãóÕúÏóÑðÇ ÎóÇáöÕðÇ¡ æóíõÍúÊóãóáõ Ãóäú íóßõæäó ÈöãóÚúäóì ÇÓúãö ÇáúãóÝúÚõæáö¡ æóåõæó íõÓúÊóÚúãóáõ Ýöí ÇáúãóÚúäóíóíúäö.
æóÞóæúáõåõ: ÈóÕúØóÉð ËóÈóÊó Ýöí ÇáúãóÕóÇÍöÝö ÈöÕóÇÏøò ÞóÈúáó ÇáØøóÇÁö æóåõæó ãõÑóÇÏöÝõ ÈóÓúØóÉò(8-È/205)
ÇáøóÐöí åõæó- ÈöÓöíäò- ÞóÈúáó ÇáØøóÇÁö. æóæóÞóÚó Ýöí ÂíóÇÊò ÃõÎúÑóì. æóÃóåúãóáó ÇáÑøóÇÛöÈõ (ÈóÕúØóÉð) ÇáøóÐöí ÈöÇáÕøóÇÏøö. æóÙóÇåöÑõ ÚöÈóÇÑóÉö ÇáúÞõÑúØõÈöíøö Ãóäøóåõ Ýöí åóÐöåö ÇáúÂíóÉö- ÈöÓöíäò- æóáóíúÓó ßóÐóáößó.
æóÇáúÈóÕúØóÉõ: ÇáúæóÝúÑóÉõ æóÇáÓøóÚóÉõ Ýöí ÃóãúÑò ãöäó ÇáúÃõãõæÑö.
ÝóÅöäú ßóÇäó (ÇáúÎóáúÞõ) ÈöãóÚúäóì ÇáúãóÕúÏóÑö ÝóÇáúÈóÕúØóÉõ ÇáÒøöíóÇÏóÉõ Ýöí ÇáúÞõæóì ÇáúÌöÈöáøöíøóÉö Ãóíú ÒóÇÏóåõãú ÞõæøóÉð Ýöí ÚõÞõæáöåöãú æóÃóÌúÓóÇãöåöãú ÝóÎóáóÞóåõãú ÚõÞóáóÇÁó ÃóÕöÍøóÇÁó¡ æóÞóÏö ÇÔúÊõåöÑó ÚöäúÏó ÇáúÚóÑóÈö äöÓúÈóÉõ ÇáúÚõÞõæáö ÇáÑøóÇÌöÍóÉö Åöáóì ÚóÇÏò¡ æóäöÓúÈóÉõ ßóãóÇáö Þõæóì ÇáúÃóÌúÓóÇãö Åöáóíúåöãú ÞóÇáó ÇáäøóÇÈöÛóÉõ:
ÃóÍúáóÇãõ ÚóÇÏò æóÃóÌúÓóÇãñ ãõØóåøóÑóÉñ ... ãöäó ÇáúãóÚóÞøóÉö æóÇáúÂÝóÇÊö æóÇáúÅöËúãö
æóÞóÇáó æóÏøóÇßõ Èä Ëãíá ÇáãÇÒÊí Ýöí «ÇáúÍóãóÇÓóÉö» :
æóÃóÍúáóÇãõ ÚóÇÏò áóÇ íóÎóÇÝõ ÌóáöíÓõåõãú ... æóáóæú äóØóÞó ÇáúÚõæøóÇÑõ ÛóÑúÈó áöÓóÇäö
æóÞóÇáó ÞöíÓõ Èúäõ ÚõÈóÇÏóÉó:
æóÃóäú áóÇ íóÞõæáõæÇ ÛóÇÈó ÞóíúÓñ æóåóÐöåö ... ÓóÑóÇæöíáõ ÚóÇÏöíøò äóãóÊúåõ ËóãõæÏ
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129- 134] æóÚóáóì åóÐóÇ ÇáúæóÌúåö íóßõæäõ Þóæúáõåõ: Ýöí ÇáúÎóáúÞö ÙóÑúÝðÇ ãõÓúÊóÞöÑøðÇ Ýöí ãóæúÖöÚö ÇáúÍóÇáö ãöäú ÖóãöíÑö ÇáúãõÎóÇØóÈöíäó.
æóÇáúÝóÇÁõ Ýöí Þóæúáöåö: ÝóÇÐúßõÑõæÇ ÂáÇÁó Çááøóåö ÝóÕöíÍóÉñ¡ Ãóíú: Åöäú ÐóßóÑúÊõãú æóÞúÊó ÌóÚóáóßõãõ Çááøóåõ ÎõáóÝóÇÁó Ýöí ÇáúÃóÑúÖö æóæóÞúÊó ÒóÇÏóßõãú ÈóÕúØóÉð ÝóÇÐúßõÑõæÇ äöÚóãóåõ ÇáúßóËöíÑóÉó ÊóÝúÕöíáðÇ¡ ÝóÇáúßóáóÇãõ ÌóÇÁó Úóáóì ØóÑöíÞóÉö ÇáúÞöíóÇÓö ãöäó ÇáöÇÓúÊöÏúáóÇáö ÈöÇáúÌõÒúÆöíøö Úóáóìöö(8-È/206)
ÞóÇáõæÇ ÃóÌöÆúÊóäóÇ áöäóÚúÈõÏó Çááøóåó æóÍúÏóåõ æóäóÐóÑó ãóÇ ßóÇäó íóÚúÈõÏõ ÂÈóÇÄõäóÇ ÝóÃúÊöäóÇ ÈöãóÇ ÊóÚöÏõäóÇ Åöäú ßõäúÊó ãöäó ÇáÕøóÇÏöÞöíäó (70) ÞóÇáó ÞóÏú æóÞóÚó Úóáóíúßõãú ãöäú ÑóÈøößõãú ÑöÌúÓñ æóÛóÖóÈñ ÃóÊõÌóÇÏöáõæäóäöí Ýöí ÃóÓúãóÇÁò ÓóãøóíúÊõãõæåóÇ ÃóäúÊõãú æóÂÈóÇÄõßõãú ãóÇ äóÒøóáó Çááøóåõ ÈöåóÇ ãöäú ÓõáúØóÇäò ÝóÇäúÊóÙöÑõæÇ Åöäøöí ãóÚóßõãú ãöäó ÇáúãõäúÊóÙöÑöíäó (71)
ÅöËúÈóÇÊö Íõßúãò ßõáøöíøò¡ ÝóÅöäøóåõ ÐóßøóÑóåõãú ÈöäöÚúãóÉò æóÇÖöÍóÉò æóåöíó ßóæúäõåõãú ÎõáóÝóÇÁó æóäöÚóãò ãõÌúãóáóÉò æóåöíó ÒöíóÇÏóÉõ ÈóÕúØóÊöåöãú¡ Ëõãøó ÐóßøóÑóåõãú ÈóÞöíøóÉó ÇáäøöÚóãö ÈöáóÝúÙö ÇáúÚõãõæãö æóåõæó ÇáúÌóãúÚõ ÇáúãõÖóÇÝõ.
æóÇáúÂáóÇÁõ ÌóãúÚõ (Åöáðì) ¡ æóÇáúÅöáóì: ÇáäøöÚúãóÉõ¡ æóåóÐóÇ ãöËúáõ ÌóãúÚö ÚöäóÈò Úóáóì ÃóÚúäóÇÈò¡ æóäóÙöíÑõåõ ÌóãúÚõ Åöäðì ÈöÇáäøõæäö¡ æóåõæó ÇáúæóÞúÊõ¡ Úóáóì ÂäóÇÁò ÞóÇáó ÊóÚóÇáóì: ÛóíúÑó äÇÙöÑöíäó ÅöäÇåõ [ÇáúÃóÍúÒóÇÈ: 53] Ãóíú æóÞúÊóåõ¡ æóÞóÇáó æóãöäú ÂäÇÁö Çááøóíúáö ÝóÓóÈøöÍú [Øå: 130] .
æóÑõÊøöÈó Úóáóì ÐößúÑö äöÚóãö Çááøóåö ÑóÌóÇÁõ Ãóäú íõÝúáöÍõæÇ áöÃóäøó ÐößúÑó ÇáäøöÚóãö íõÄóÏøöí Åöáóì ÊóßúÑöíÑö ÔõßúÑö ÇáúãõäúÚöãö¡ ÝóíóÍúãöáõ ÇáúãõäúÚóãó Úóáóíúåö Úóáóì ãõÞóÇÈóáóÉö ÇáäøÚã ÈÇáØøÇÚÉ.
[70¡ 71]
[ÓõæÑóÉ ÇáúÃóÚúÑóÇÝ (7) : ÇáúÂíóÇÊ 70 Åöáóì 71]
ÞÇáõæÇ ÃóÌöÆúÊóäÇ áöäóÚúÈõÏó Çááøóåó æóÍúÏóåõ æóäóÐóÑó ãóÇ ßÇäó íóÚúÈõÏõ ÂÈÇÄõäÇ ÝóÃúÊöäÇ ÈöãÇ ÊóÚöÏõäÇ Åöäú ßõäúÊó ãöäó ÇáÕøóÇÏöÞöíäó (70) ÞÇáó ÞóÏú æóÞóÚó Úóáóíúßõãú ãöäú ÑóÈøößõãú ÑöÌúÓñ æóÛóÖóÈñ ÃóÊõÌÇÏöáõæäóäöí Ýöí ÃóÓúãÇÁò ÓóãøóíúÊõãõæåÇ ÃóäúÊõãú æóÂÈÇÄõßõãú ãóÇ äóÒøóáó Çááøóåõ ÈöåÇ ãöäú ÓõáúØÇäò ÝóÇäúÊóÙöÑõæÇ Åöäøöí ãóÚóßõãú ãöäó ÇáúãõäúÊóÙöÑöíäó (71)
ÌóÇæóÈõæÇ åõæÏðÇ ÈöãóÇ ÃóäúÈóÃó Úóäú ÖóíóÇÚö ÍõÌøóÊöåö Ýöí ÌóäúÈö ÖóáóÇáóÉö ÚõÞõæáöåöãú æóãõßóÇÈóÑóÉö äõÝõæÓöåöãú¡ æóáöÐóáößó ÃóÚóÇÏõæÇ ÊóßúÐöíÈóåõ ÈöØóÑöíÞö ÇáöÇÓúÊöÝúåóÇãö ÇáúÅöäúßóÇÑöíøö Úóáóì ÏóÚúæóÊöåö áöáÊøóæúÍöíÏö¡ æóåóÐóÇ ÇáúÌóæóÇÈõ ÃóÞóáøõ ÌóÝúæóÉð æóÛöáúÙóÉð ãöäú ÌóæóÇÈöåöãõ ÇáúÃóæøóáö¡ ÅöÐú ÞóÇáõæÇ: ÅöäøóÇ áóäóÑÇßó Ýöí ÓóÝÇåóÉò æóÅöäøóÇ áóäóÙõäøõßó ãöäó ÇáúßÇÐöÈöíäó [ÇáúÃóÚúÑóÇÝ: 66] ßÃäøåã ÑÇãæÇ ÇÓÊäÒá äóÝúÓö åõæÏò æóãõÍóÇæóáóÉó ÅöÑúÌóÇÚöåö ÚóãøóÇ ÏóÚóÇåõãú Åöáóíúåö¡ ÝóáöÐóáößó ÇÞúÊóÕóÑõæÇ Úóáóì ÇáúÅöäúßóÇÑö æóÐóßøóÑõæåõ ÈöÃóäøó ÇáúÃóãúÑó ÇáøóÐöí ÃóäúßóÑóåõ åõæó Ïöíäõ ÂÈóÇÁö ÇáúÌóãöíÚö ÊóÚúÑöíÖðÇ ÈöÃóäøóåõ ÓóÝøóåó ÂÈóÇÁóåõ¡ æóåóÐóÇ ÇáúãóÞúÕöÏõ åõæó ÇáøóÐöí ÇÞúÊóÖóì ÇáÊøóÚúÈöíÑó Úóäú Ïóíúäöåöãú ÈöØóÑöíÞö ÇáúãóæúÕõæáöíøóÉö Ýöí Þóæúáöåöãú: ãóÇ ßÇäó íóÚúÈõÏõ ÂÈÇÄõäÇ ÅöíãóÇÁð Åöáóì æóÌúåö ÇáúÅöäúßóÇÑö Úóáóíúåö æóÅöáóì Ãóäøóåõ ÍóÞöíÞñ ÈöãõÊóÇÈóÚóÉö Ïöíäö ÂÈóÇÆöåö¡ ßóãóÇ
ÞóÇáó ÇáúãóáóÃõ ãöäú ÞõÑóíúÔò áöÃóÈöí ØóÇáöÈò Íöíäó(8-È/207)
ÏóÚóÇåõ ÇáäøÈíÁ Õóáøóì Çááåõ Úóáóíúåö æóÓóáøóãó Ãóäú íóÞõæáó: «áóÇ Åöáóåó ÅöáøóÇ Çááøóåõ» ÚöäúÏó ÇÍúÊöÖóÇÑöåö ÝóÞóÇáõæÇ áöÃóÈöí ØóÇáöÈò: «ÃóÊóÑúÛóÈõ Úóäú ãöáøóÉò ÚóÈúÏö ÇáúãõØøóáöÈö»
. æóÇÌúÊöáóÇÈõ (ßóÇäó) áöÊóÏõáøó Úóáóì Ãóäøó ÚöÈóÇÏóÊóåõãú ÃóãúÑñ ÞóÏöíãñ ãóÖóÊú Úóáóíúåö ÇáúÚõÕõæÑõ.
æóÇáÊøóÚúÈöíÑõ ÈöÇáúÝöÚúáö æóßóæúäõåõ ãõÖóÇÑöÚðÇ Ýöí Þóæúáöåö: íóÚúÈõÏõ áöíóÏõáøó Úóáóì Ãóäøó Ðóáößó ãõÊóßóÑøöÑñ ãöäú ÂÈóÇÆöåöãú æóãõÊóÌóÏøöÏñ æóÃóäøóåõãú áóÇ íóÝúÊóÑõæäó Úóäúåõ.
æóãóÚúäóì ÃóÌöÆúÊóäÇ ÃóÞóÕóÏúÊó æóÇåúÊóãóãúÊó ÈöäóÇ áöäóÚúÈõÏó Çááøóåó æóÍúÏóåõ ÝóÇÓúÊõÚöíÑó ÝöÚúáõ ÇáúãóÌöíÁö áöãóÚúäóì ÇáöÇåúÊöãóÇãö æóÇáÊøóÍóÝøõÒö æóÇáÊøóÕóáøõÈö¡ ßóÞóæúáö ÇáúÚóÑóÈö: ÐóåóÈó íóÝúÚóáõ¡ æóÝöí ÇáúÞõÑúÂäö: íóÇ ÃóíøõåóÇ ÇáúãõÏøóËøöÑõ Þõãú ÝóÃóäúÐöÑú [ÇáãÏËÑ: 1¡ 2] æóÞóÇáó ÍößóÇíóÉð Úóäú ÝöÑúÚóæúäó: Ëõãøó ÃóÏúÈóÑó íóÓúÚì ÝóÍóÔóÑó ÝóäÇÏì [ÇáäÇÒÚÇÊ: 22¡ 23] æóÝöÑúÚóæúäõ áóãú íõÝóÇÑöÞú ãóÌúáöÓó ãõáúßöåö æóÅöäøóãóÇ ÃõÑöíÏó Ãóäøóåõ ÃóÚúÑóÖó æóÇåúÊóãøó æóãöËúáõåõ Þóæúáõåõãú ÐóåóÈó íóÝúÚóáõ ßóÐóÇ ÞóÇáó ÇáäøóÈóåóÇäöíøõ:
ÝóÅöäú ßõäúÊó ÓóíøöÏóäóÇ ÓõÏúÊóäóÇ ... æóÅöäú ßõäúÊó áöáúÎóÇáö ÝóÇÐúåóÈú ÝóÎóáú
ÝóÞóÕóÏõæÇ ãöãøóÇ Ïóáøó Úóáóíúåö ÝöÚúáõ ÇáúãóÌöíÁö ÒöíóÇÏóÉó ÇáúÅöäúßóÇÑö Úóáóíúåö æóÊóÓúÝöíåóåõ Úóáóì ÇåúÊöãóÇãöåö ÈöÃóãúÑò ãöËúáö ãóÇ ÏóÚóÇåõãú Åöáóíúåö.
ææóÍúÏóåõ ÍóÇáñ ãöäö ÇÓúãö ÇáúÌóáóÇáóÉö æóåõæó ÇÓúãõ ãóÕúÏóÑö ÃóæúÍóÏóåõ: ÅöÐóÇ ÇÚúÊóÞóÏóåõ æóÇÍöÏðÇ¡ ÝóÞöíóÇÓ ÇáúãÕÏÑ ÇáÅíÌÇÏ¡ æóÇäúÊóÕóÈó åóÐóÇ ÇáúãóÕúÏóÑõ Úóáóì ÇáúÍóÇáö: ÅöãøóÇ ãöäö ÇÓúãö ÇáúÌóáóÇáóÉö ÈöÊóÃúæöíáö ÇáúãóÕúÏóÑö ÈöÇÓúãö ÇáúãóÝúÚõæáö ÚöäúÏó ÇáúÌõãúåõæÑö Ãóíú ãõæóÍøóÏðÇ Ãóíú ãóÍúßõæãðÇ áóåõ ÈöÇáúæóÍúÏóÇäöíøóÉö¡ æóÞóÇáó íõæäõÓõ:
åõæó ÈöãóÚúäóì ÇÓúãö ÇáúÝóÇÚöáö Ãóíú ãõæóÍøöÏöíäó áóåõ Ýóåõæó ÍóÇáñ ãöäó ÇáÖøóãöíÑö Ýöí áöäóÚúÈõÏó.
æóÊóÞóÏøóãó ãóÚúäóì: æóäóÐóÑó ÚöäúÏó Þóæúáöåö ÊóÚóÇáóì: æóÐóÑö ÇáøóÐöíäó ÇÊøóÎóÐõæÇ Ïöíäóåõãú áóÚöÈÇð æóáóåúæÇð Ýöí ÓõæÑóÉö ÇáúÃóäúÚóÇãö [70] .
æóÇáúÝóÇÁõ Ýöí Þóæúáöåö: ÝóÃúÊöäÇ ÈöãÇ ÊóÚöÏõäÇ áöÊóÝúÑöíÚö ØóáóÈö ÊóÍúÞöíÞö ãóÇ ÊóæóÚøóÏóåõãú Èöåö¡ æóÊóÍóÏøöíðÇ áöåõæÏò¡ æóÅöÔúÚóÇÑðÇ áóåõ ÈöÃóäøóåõãú ãõæÞöäõæäó ÈöÃóäú áóÇ ÕöÏúÞó áöáúæóÚöíÏö ÇáøóÐöí íóÊóæóÚøóÏõåõãú(8-È/208)
ÝóáóÇ íóÎúÔóæúäó ãóÇ æóÚóÏóåõãú Èöåö ãöäó ÇáúÚóÐóÇÈö. ÝóÇáúÃóãúÑõ Ýöí Þóæúáöåöãú: ÝóÃúÊöäÇ áöáÊøóÚúÌöíÒö.
æóÇáúÅöÊúíóÇäõ ÈöÇáÔøóíúÁö ÍóÞöíÞóÊõåõ Ãóäú íóÌöíÁó ãõÕóÇÍöÈðÇ ÅöíøóÇåõ¡ æóíõÓúÊóÚúãóáó ãóÌóÇÒðÇ Ýöí ÇáúÅöÍúÖóÇÑö æóÇáúÅöËúÈóÇÊö ßóãóÇ åõäóÇ. æóÇáúãóÚúäóì ÝóÚóÌøöáú áóäóÇ ãóÇ ÊóÚöÏõäóÇ Èöåö ãöäó ÇáúÚóÐóÇÈö¡ Ãóæú ÝóÍóÞøöÞú áóäóÇ ãóÇ ÒóÚóãúÊó ãöäú æóÚöíÏöäóÇ. æóäóÙöíÑõåõ ÇáúÝöÚúáõ ÇáúãõÔúÊóÞøõ ãöäó ÇáúãóÌöíÁö ãöËúáõ ãóÇ ÌöÆúÊóäÇ ÈöÈóíøöäóÉò [åæÏ: 53] ÇáúÂäó ÌöÆúÊó ÈöÇáúÍóÞøö [ÇáúÈóÞóÑóÉ: 71] .
æóÃóÓúäóÏõæÇ ÇáúÝöÚúáó Åöáóì ÖóãöíÑöåö ÊóÚúÑöíÖðÇ ÈöÃóäøó ãóÇ ÊóæóÚøóÏóåõãú Èöåö åõæó ÔóíúÁñ ãöäú ãõÎúÊóáóÞóÇÊöåö æóáóíúÓó ãöäú ÞöÈóáö Çááøóåö ÊóÚóÇáóì¡ áöÃóäøóåõãú íóÒúÚõãõæäó Ãóäøó Çááøóåó áóÇ íõÍöÈøõ ãöäúåõãõ ÇáúÅöÞúáóÇÚó Úóäú ÚöÈóÇÏóÉö ÂáöåóÊöåöãú¡ áöÃóäøóåõ áóÇ ÊóÊóÚóáøóÞõ ÅöÑóÇÏóÊõåõ ÈöØóáóÈö ÇáÖøóáóÇáö Ýöí ÒóÚúãöåöãú.
æóÇáúæóÚúÏõ ÇáøóÐöí ÃóÑóÇÏõæåõ æóÚúÏñ ÈöÇáÔøóÑøö¡ æóåõæó ÇáúæóÚöíÏõ¡ æóáóãú íóÊóÞóÏøóãú ãóÇ íõÝöíÏõ Ãóäøóåõ ÊóæóÚøóÏóåõãú ÈöÓõæÁò¡ ÝóíõÍúÊóãóáõ Ãóäú íóßõæäó æóÚöíÏðÇ ÖöãúäöíøðÇ ÊóÖóãøóäóåõ Þóæúáõåõ: ÃóÝóáÇ ÊóÊøóÞõæäó [ÇáúÃóÚúÑóÇÝ: 65] áöÃóäøó ÅöäúßóÇÑóåõ Úóáóíúåöãö
ÇäúÊöÝóÇÁó ÇáöÇÊøöÞóÇÁö Ïóáöíáñ Úóáóì Ãóäøó ËóãøóÉó ãóÇ íõÍóÐøóÑõ ãöäúåõ¡ æóáöÃóÌúáö Ðóáößó áóãú íõÚóíøöäõæÇ æóÚöíÏðÇ Ýöí ßóáóÇãöåöãú Èóáú ÃóÈúåóãõæåõ ÈöÞóæúáöåöãú ÈöãÇ ÊóÚöÏõäÇ¡ æóíõÍúÊóãóáõ Ãóäú íóßõæäó ÇáúæóÚöíÏõ ÊóÚúÑöíÖðÇ ãöäú Þóæúáöåö: ÅöÐú ÌóÚóáóßõãú ÎõáóÝÇÁó ãöäú ÈóÚúÏö Þóæúãö äõæÍò [ÇáúÃóÚúÑóÇÝ: 69] ÇáúãõÄúÐöäö ÈöÃóäøó Çááøóåó ÇÓúÊóÃúÕóáó Þóæúãó äõæÍò æóÃóÎúáóÝóåõãú ÈöÚóÇÏò¡ ÝóíõæÔößõ Ãóäú íóÓúÊóÃúÕöáó ÚóÇÏðÇ æóíõÎúáöÝóåõãú ÈöÛóíúÑöåöãú.
æóÚóÞøóÈõæÇ ßóáóÇãóåõãú ÈöÇáÔøóÑúØö ÝóÞóÇáõæÇ: Åöäú ßõäúÊó ãöäó ÇáÕøóÇÏöÞöíäó ÇÓúÊöÞúÕóÇÁð áöãóÞúÏöÑóÊöåö ÞóÕúÏðÇ ãöäúåõãú áöÅöÙúåóÇÑö ÚóÌúÒöåö Úóäö ÇáúÅöÊúíóÇäö ÈöÇáúÚóÐóÇÈö ÝóáóÇ íóÓóÚõåõ ÅöáøóÇ ÇáöÇÚúÊöÑóÇÝõ ÈöÃóäøóåõ ßóÇÐöÈñ¡ æóÌóæóÇÈõ ÇáÔøóÑúØö ãóÍúÐõæÝñ Ïóáøó Úóáóíúåö ãóÇ ÞóÈúáóåõ ÊóÞúÏöíÑõåõ: ÃóÊóíúÊó Èöåö æóÅöáøóÇ ÝóáóÓúÊó ÈöÕóÇÏöÞò.
ÝóÃóÌóÇÈóåõãú ÈöÃóäú ÃóÎúÈóÑóåõãú ÈöÃóäøó Çááøóåó ÞóÏú ÛóÖöÈó Úóáóíúåöãú¡ æóÃóäøóåõãú æóÞóÚó Úóáóíúåöãú ÑöÌúÓñ ãöäó Çááøóåö.
æóÇáúÃóÙúåóÑõ Ãóäøó: æóÞóÚó ãóÚúäóÇåõ ÍóÞøó æóËóÈóÊó¡ ãöäú Þóæúáöåöãú áöáúÃóãúÑö ÇáúãõÍóÞøóÞö: åóÐóÇ æóÇÞöÚñ¡ æóÞóæúáöåöãú áöáúÃóãúÑö ÇáúãóßúÐõæÈö: åóÐóÇ ÛóíúÑõ æóÇÞöÚò¡ ÝóÇáúãóÚúäóì ÍóÞøó æóÞõÏøöÑó(8-È/209)
Úóáóíúßõãú ÑöÌúÓñ æóÛóÖóÈñ.
ÝóÇáÑøöÌúÓõ åõæó ÇáÔøóíúÁõ ÇáúÎóÈöíËõ¡ ÃõØúáöÞó åõäóÇ ãóÌóÇÒðÇ Úóáóì ÎõÈúËö ÇáúÈóÇØöäö¡ Ãóíú ÝóÓóÇÏö ÇáäøóÝúÓö ßóãóÇ Ýöí Þóæúáöåö ÊóÚóÇáóì: ÝóÒÇÏóÊúåõãú ÑöÌúÓÇð Åöáóì ÑöÌúÓöåöãú [ÇáÊøóæúÈóÉ: 125]- æóÞóæúáöåö- ßóÐáößó íóÌúÚóáõ Çááøóåõ ÇáÑøöÌúÓó Úóáóì ÇáøóÐöíäó áóÇ íõÄúãöäõæäó [ÇáúÃóäúÚóÇã: 125] . æóÇáúãóÚúäóì ÃóÕóÇÈó Çááøóåõ äõÝõæÓóåõãú ÈöÇáúÝóÓóÇÏö áößõÝúÑöåöãú ÝóáóÇ íóÞúÈóáõæäó ÇáúÎóíúÑó æóáóÇ íóÕöíÑõæäó Åöáóíúåö¡ æóÚóäö ÇÈúäö ÚóÈøóÇÓò Ãóäøóåõ ÝóÓøóÑó ÇáÑøöÌúÓó åõäóÇ ÈöÇááøóÚúäóÉö¡ æóÇáúÌõãúåõæÑõ ÝóÓøóÑõæÇ ÇáÑøöÌúÓó åõäóÇ ÈöÇáúÚóÐóÇÈö¡ Ýóíóßõæäõ ÝöÚúáõ: æóÞóÚó ãöäö ÇÓúÊöÚúãóÇáö ÕöíÛóÉö ÇáúãõÖöíøö Ýöí ãóÚúäóì ÇáöÇÓúÊöÞúÈóÇáö¡ ÅöÔúÚóÇÑðÇ ÈöÊóÍúÞöíÞö æõÞõæÚöåö¿ æóãöäúåõãú ãóäú ÝóÓøóÑó ÇáÑøöÌúÓó ÈöÇáÓøóÎóØö¡ æóÝóÓøóÑó ÇáúÛóÖóÈó ÈöÇáúÚóÐóÇÈö¡ Úóáóì Ãóäøóåõ ãóÌóÇÒñ ãõÑúÓóáñ áöÃóäøó ÇáúÚóÐóÇÈó ÃóËóÑõ ÇáúÛóÖóÈö¡ æóÞóÏú ÃóÎúÈóÑó åõæÏñ ÈöÐóáößó Úóäú Úöáúãò ÈöæóÍúíò Ýöí Ðóáößó ÇáúæóÞúÊö Ãóæú ãöäú Íöíäö ÃóÑúÓóáóåõ Çááøóåõ¡ ÅöÐú ÃóÚúáóãóåõ ÈöÃóäøóåõãú Åöäú áóãú íóÑúÌöÚõæÇ Úóäö ÇáÔøöÑúßö ÈóÚúÏó Ãóäú íõÈóáøöÛóåõãõ ÇáúÍõÌøóÉó ÝóÅöäøó ÚóÏóãó ÑõÌõæÚöåöãú ÚóáóÇãóÉñ Úóáóì Ãóäøó ÎõÈúËó ÞõáõæÈöåöãú ãõÊóãóßøöäñ áóÇ íóÒõæáõ¡ æóáóÇ íõÑúÌóì ãöäúåõãú ÅöíãóÇäñ¡ ßóãóÇ ÞóÇáó Çááøóåõ áöäõæÍò: áóäú íõÄúãöäó ãöäú Þóæúãößó ÅöáøóÇ ãóäú ÞóÏú Âãóäó [åæÏ: 136] .
æóÛóÖóÈõ Çááøóåö ÊóÞúÏöíÑõåõ: ÇáúÅöÈúÚóÇÏõ æóÇáúÚõÞõæÈóÉõ æóÇáÊøóÍúÞöíÑõ¡ æóåöíó ÂËóÇÑõ ÇáúÛóÖóÈö Ýöí ÇáúÍóæóÇÏöËö¡ áöÃóäøó ÍóÞöíÞóÉó ÇáúÛóÖóÈö: ÇäúÝöÚóÇáñ ÊóäúÔóÃõ Úóäúåõ ßóÑóÇåöíóÉõ ÇáúãóÛúÖõæÈö Úóáóíúåö æóÅöÈúÚóÇÏõåõ æóÅöÖúÑóÇÑõåõ.
æóÊóÃúÎöíÑõ ÇáúÛóÖóÈö Úóäö ÇáÑøöÌúÓö áöÃóäøó ÇáÑøöÌúÓó¡ æóåõæó ÎõÈúËõ äõÝõæÓöåöãú¡ ÞóÏú Ïóáøó Úóáóì Ãóäøó Çááøóåó ÝóØóÑóåõãú Úóáóì ÎõÈúËò ÈöÍóíúËõ ßóÇäó ÇÓúÊöãúÑóÇÑõåõãú Úóáóì ÇáÖøóáóÇáö ÃóãúÑðÇ ÌöÈöáøöíøðÇ¡ ÝóÏóáøó Ðóáößó Úóáóì Ãóäøó Çááøóåó ÛóÖöÈó Úóáóíúåöãú. ÝóæõÞõæÚõ ÇáÑøöÌúÓö æóÇáúÛóÖóÈö Úóáóíúåöãú ÍóÇÕöáñ Ýöí ÇáÒøóãóäö ÇáúãóÇÖöí ÈöÇáäøöÓúÈóÉö áöæóÞúÊö Þóæúáö
åæÏ. æÇÞÊÑÇäå È ÞóÏú áöáÏøóáóÇáóÉö Úóáóì ÊóÞúÑöíÈö Òóãóäö ÇáúãóÇÖöí ãöäó ÇáúÍóÇáö: ãöËúáõ ÞóÏú ÞóÇãóÊö ÇáÕøóáóÇÉõ.
æóÊóÞúÏöíãõ: Úóáóíúßõãú ãöäú ÑóÈøößõãú Úóáóì ÝóÇÚöáö ÇáúÝöÚúáö áöáöÇåúÊöãóÇãö ÈöÊóÚúÌöíáö ÐößúÑö ÇáúãóÛúÖõæÈö æóÇáúÛóÇÖöÈö¡ ÅöíÞóÇÙðÇ áöÈóÕóÇÆöÑöåöãú áóÚóáøóåõãú íõÈóÇÏöÑõæäó ÈöÇáÊøóæúÈóÉö¡ æóáöÃóäøó ÇáúãóÌúÑõæÑóíúäö ãõÊóÚóáøöÞóÇäö ÈöÇáúÝöÚúáö ÝóäóÇÓóÈó ÅöíáóÇÄõåõãóÇ ÅöíøóÇåõ¡ æóáóæú ÐõßöÑóÇ ÈóÚúÏó ÇáúÝóÇÚöáö(8-È/210)
áóÊõæõåøöãó ÃóäøóåõãóÇ ÕöÝóÊóÇäö áóåõ¡ æóÞõÏøöãó ÇáúãóÌúÑõæÑõ ÇáøóÐöí åõæó ÖóãöíÑõåõãú¡ Úóáóì ÇáøóÐöí åõæó æóÕúÝõ ÑóÈøöåöãú áöÃóäøóåõãõ ÇáúãóÞúÕõæÏõ ÇáúÃóæøóáõ ÈöÇáúÝöÚúáö.
æóáóãøóÇ ÞóÏøóãó ÅöäúÐóÇÑóåõãú ÈöÛóÖóÈö Çááøóåö ÚóÇÏó Åöáóì ÇáöÇÍúÊöÌóÇÌö Úóáóíúåöãú ÈöÝóÓóÇÏö ãõÚúÊóÞóÏöåöãú ÝóÃóäúßóÑó Úóáóíúåöãú Ãóäú íõÌóÇÏöáõæÇ Ýöí ÔóÃúäö ÃóÕúäóÇãöåöãú. æóÇáúãõÌóÇÏóáóÉõ: ÇáúãõÍóÇÌøóÉõ.
æóÚóÈøóÑó Úóäö ÇáúÃóÕúäóÇãö ÈöÃóäøóåóÇ ÃóÓúãóÇÁñ¡ Ãóíú åöíó ãõÌóÑøóÏõ ÃóÓúãóÇÁò áóíúÓóÊú áóåóÇ ÇáúÍóÞóÇÆöÞõ ÇáøóÊöí ÇÚúÊóÞóÏõæåóÇ æóæóÖóÚõæÇ áóåóÇ ÇáúÃóÓúãóÇÁó áöÃóÌúáö ÇÓúÊöÍúÖóÇÑöåóÇ¡ ÝóÈöÐóáößó ßóÇäóÊú Êöáúßó ÇáúÃóÓúãóÇÁõ ÇáúãóæúÖõæÚóÉõ ãõÌóÑøóÏó ÃóáúÝóÇÙò¡ áöÇäúÊöÝóÇÁö ÇáúÍóÞóÇÆöÞö ÇáøóÊöí æóÖóÚõæÇ ÇáúÃóÓúãóÇÁó áöÃóÌúáöåóÇ. ÝóÅöäøó ÇáúÃóÓúãóÇÁó ÊõæÖóÚõ áöáúãõÓóãøóíóÇÊö ÇáúãóÞúÕõæÏóÉö ãöäó ÇáÊøóÓúãöíóÉö¡ æóåõãú ÅöäøóãóÇ æóÖóÚõæÇ áóåóÇ ÇáúÃóÓúãóÇÁó æóÇåúÊóãøõæÇ ÈöåóÇ ÈöÇÚúÊöÈóÇÑö ßóæúäö ÇáúÅöáóåöíøóÉö ÌõÒúÁðÇ ãöäó ÇáúãõÓóãøóì ÇáúãóæúÖõæÚö áóåõ ÇáöÇÓúãõ¡ æóåõæó ÇáÏøóÇÚöí Åöáóì ÇáÊøóÓúãöíóÉö¡ ÝóãóÚóÇäöí ÇáúÅöáóåöíøóÉö æóãóÇ íóÊúÈóÚõåóÇ ãõáóÇÍóÙóÉñ áöãóäú æóÖóÚó Êöáúßó ÇáúÃóÓúãóÇÁó¡ ÝóáóãøóÇ ßóÇäóÊö ÇáúãóÚóÇäöí ÇáúãóÞúÕõæÏóÉõ ãöäú Êöáúßó ÇáúÃóÓúãóÇÁö ãõäúÊóÝöíóÉð ßóÇäóÊö ÇáúÃóÓúãóÇÁõ áóÇ ãõÓóãøóíóÇÊò áóåóÇ ÈöÐóáößó ÇáöÇÚúÊöÈóÇÑö¡ ÓóæóÇÁñ Ýöí Ðóáößó ãóÇ ßóÇäó ãöäúåóÇ áóåõ ÐóæóÇÊñ æóÃóÌúÓóÇãñ ßóÇáÊøóãóÇËöíáö æóÇáúÃóäúÕóÇÈö¡ æóãóÇ áóãú Êóßõäú áóåõ ÐóÇÊñ¡ ÝóáóÚóáøó ÈóÚúÖó ÂáöåóÉö ÚóÇÏò ßóÇäó ãõÌóÑøóÏó ÇÓúãò íóÐúßõÑõæäóåõ ÈöÇáúÅöáóåöíøóÉö æóáóÇ íóÌúÚóáõæäó áóåõ ÊöãúËóÇáðÇ æóáóÇ äõÕõÈðÇ¡ ãöËúáõ ãóÇ ßóÇäóÊö ÇáúÚõÒøóì ÚöäúÏó ÇáúÚóÑóÈö¡ ÝóÞóÏú Þöíáó: Åöäøóåõãú ÌóÚóáõæÇ áóåóÇ ÈóíúÊðÇ æóáóãú íóÌúÚóáõæÇ áóåóÇ äõÕõÈðÇ æóÞóÏú ÞóÇáó Çááøóåõ ÊóÚóÇáóì Ýöí Ðóáößó: Åöäú åöíó ÅöáøóÇ ÃóÓúãÇÁñ ÓóãøóíúÊõãõæåÇ ÃóäúÊõãú æóÂÈÇÄõßõãú ãóÇ ÃóäúÒóáó Çááøóåõ ÈöåÇ ãöäú ÓõáúØÇäò [ÇáäøóÌúã: 23] .
æóÐóßóÑó Ãóåúáõ ÇáúÃóÎúÈóÇÑö Ãóäøó ÚóÇÏðÇ ÇÊøóÎóÐõæÇ ÃóÕúäóÇãðÇ ËóáóÇËóÉð æóåöíó (ÕóãõæÏñ) - ÈöÝóÊúÍö ÇáÕøóÇÏö ÇáúãõåúãóáóÉö ÈöæóÒúäö ÒóÈõæÑò. æóÕõÏóÇÁõ- ÈöÖóãøö ÇáÕøóÇÏö ÇáúãõåúãóáóÉö ãóÖúÈõæØðÇ ÈöÎóØøö ÇáúåóãóÐóÇäöíøö ãõÍúÔöí «ÇáúßóÔøóÇÝö» Ýöí äõÓúÎóÉò ãöäú ÍóÇÔöíóÊöåö ÇáúãõÓóãøóÇÉö «ÊóæúÖöíÍó ÇáúãõÔúßöáóÇÊö» æóãóäúÓõæÎóÉñ ÈöÎóØøöåö¡ æóÈöÏóÇáò ãõåúãóáóÉò ÈóÚúÏóåóÇ ÃóáöÝñ æóáóãú ÃóÞöÝú Úóáóì ÖóÈúØö ÇáÏøóÇáö ÈöÇáÊøóÔúÏöíÏö Ãóæú ÈöÇáÊøóÎúÝöíÝö:(8-È/211)
æóÞóÏú ÑóÃóíúÊõ Ýöí äõÓúÎóÉò ãöäó «ÇáúßóÔøóÇÝö» ãóÎúØõæØóÉð ãóæúÖõæÚðÇ Úóáóì ÇáÏøóÇáö ÚóáóÇãóÉõ ÔóÏøò¡ æóáóÓúÊõ Úóáóì ÊóãóÇãö ÇáËøöÞóÉö ÈöÕöÍøóÉö ÇáäøõÓúÎóÉö¡ æóÈóÚúÏó ÇáúÃóáúÝö åóãúÒóÉñ ßóãóÇ åõæó Ýöí äÓÎ «ÇáúßóÔøóÇÝ» æ «ÊóÝúÓöíÑ ÇáúÈóÛóæöíøö» ¡ æóßóÐóáößó åõæó Ýöí ÃóÈúíóÇÊò ãóæúÖõæÚóÉò Ýöí ÞöÕøóÉö Þóæúãö ÚóÇÏò Ýöí ßõÊõÈö ÇáúÞöÕóÕö. æóæóÞóÚó Ýöí äõÓúÎóÉö «ÊóÝúÓöíÑö ÇÈúäö ÚóØöíøóÉó» æóÝöí «ãõÑõæÌö ÇáÐøóåóÈö» áöáúãóÓúÚõæÏöíøö¡ æóÝöí äõÓúÎóÉò ãöäú ÔóÑúÍö ÇÈúäö ÈóÏúÑõæäò Úóáóì ÞóÕöíÏóÉö ÇÈúäö ÚóÈúÏõæäò
ÇáúÃóäúÏóáõÓöíøõ ÈöÏõæäö åóãúÒóÉò ÈóÚúÏó ÇáúÃóáúÝö) . æó (ÇáúåóÈóÇÁõ) - ÈöÇáúãóÏøö Ýöí ÂÎöÑöåö ãóÖúÈõæØðÇ ÈöÎóØøö ÇáúåóãóÐóÇäöíøö Ýöí äõÓúÎóÉö ÍóÇÔöíóÊöåö Úóáóì «ÇáúßóÔøóÇÝö» ¡ æóÝöí äõÓúÎóÉö «ÇáúßóÔøóÇÝö» ÇáúãóØúÈõæÚóÉö¡ æóÝöí «ÊóÝúÓöíÑóíö» ÇáúÈóÛóæöíøö æóÇáúÎóÇÒöäö¡ æóÝöí ÇáúÃóÈúíóÇÊö ÇáúãóÐúßõæÑóÉö ÂäöÝðÇ. æóæóÞóÚó Ýöí äõÓúÎóÉò ÞóáóãöíøóÉò ãöäó «ÇáúßóÔøóÇÝö» ÈöÃóáúÝò Ïõæäó ãóÏøò. æóáóãú ÃóÞöÝú Úóáóì ÖóÈúØö ÇáúåóÇÁö¡ æóáóãú ÃóÑó ÐößúÑó ÕõÏóÇÁó æóÇáúåóÈóÇÁö ÝöíãóÇ ÑóÃóíúÊõ ãöäú ßõÊõÈö ÇááøõÛóÉö.
æóÚõØöÝó Úóáóì ÖóãöíÑö ÇáúãõÎóÇØóÈöíäó: æóÂÈÇÄõßõãú áöÃóäøó ãöäú ÂÈóÇÆöåöãú ãóäú æóÖóÚó áóåõãú Êöáúßó ÇáúÃóÓúãóÇÁó¡ ÝóÇáúæóÇÖöÚõæäó æóÖóÚõæÇ æóÓóãøóæúÇ¡ æóÇáúãõÞóáøöÏõæäó ÓóãøóæúÇ æóáóãú íóÖóÚõæÇ¡ æóÇÔúÊóÑóßó ÇáúÝóÑöíÞóÇäö Ýöí Ãóäøóåõãú íóÐúßõÑõæäó ÃóÓúãóÇÁð áóÇ ãõÓóãøóíóÇÊö áóåóÇ.
æÓóãøóíúÊõãõæåÇ ãóÚúäóÇåõ: ÐóßøóÑúÊõãõæåóÇ ÈöÃóáúÓöäóÊößõãú¡ ßóãóÇ íõÞóÇáõ: Óóãøö Çááå¡ Ãóí ÐóÇßÑ ÇÓúãóåõ¡ Ýóíóßõæäõ Óóãøóì ÈöãóÚúäóì ÐóßóÑó áóÝúÙó ÇáöÇÓúãö¡ æóÇáúÃóáúÝóÇÙõ ßõáøõåóÇ ÃóÓúãóÇÁñ áöãóÏúáõæáóÇÊöåóÇ¡ æóÃóÕúáõ ÇááøõÛóÉö ÃóÓúãóÇÁñ ÞóÇáó ÊóÚóÇáóì: æóÚóáøóãó ÂÏóãó ÇáúÃóÓúãÇÁó ßõáøóåÇ [ÇáúÈóÞóÑóÉ: 31] ¡ æóÞóÇáó áóÈöíÏñ:
Åöáóì ÇáúÍóæúáö Ëõãøó ÇÓúãõ ÇáÓøóáóÇãõ ÚóáóíúßõãóÇ Ãóíú áóÝúÙõåõ. æóáóíúÓó ÇáúãõÑóÇÏõ ãöäó ÇáÊøóÓúãöíóÉö Ýöí ÇáúÂíóÉö æóÖúÚó ÇáöÇÓúãö áöáúãõÓóãøóì¡ ßóãóÇ íõÞóÇáõ:
ÓóãøóíúÊõ æóáóÏöí ßóÐóÇ¡ áöÃóäøó ÇáúãõÎóÇØóÈöíäó æóßóËöíÑðÇ ãöäú ÂÈóÇÆöåöãú áóÇ ÍóÙøó áóåõãú Ýöí ÊóÓúãöíóÉö ÇáúÃóÕúäóÇãö¡ æóÅöäøóãóÇ Ðóáößó ãöäú ÝöÚúáö ÈóÚúÖö ÇáúÂÈóÇÁö æóåõãõ ÇáøóÐöíäó ÇäúÊóÍóáõæÇ ÇáÔøöÑúßó æóÇÊøóÎóÐõæåõ ÏöíäðÇ æóÚóáøóãõæåõ ÃóÈúäóÇÁóåõãú æóÞóæúãóåõãú¡ æóáöÃóÌúáö åóÐóÇ ÇáúãóÚúäóì ÇáúãóÞúÕõæÏö ãöäó ÇáÊøóÓúãöíóÉö áóãú íõÐúßóÑú áöÝöÚúáö «ÓóãøóíúÊõãú» ãóÝúÚõæáñ ËóÇäò æóáóÇ ãõÊóÚóáøöÞñ¡ Èóáö ÇÞúÊõÕöÑó Úóáóì ãóÝúÚõæáò æóÇÍöÏò.(8-È/212)
ÝóÃóäúÌóíúäóÇåõ æóÇáøóÐöíäó ãóÚóåõ ÈöÑóÍúãóÉò ãöäøóÇ æóÞóØóÚúäóÇ ÏóÇÈöÑó ÇáøóÐöíäó ßóÐøóÈõæÇ ÈöÂíóÇÊöäóÇ æóãóÇ ßóÇäõæÇ ãõÄúãöäöíäó (72)
æóÇáÓøõáúØóÇäõ: ÇáúÍõÌøóÉõ ÇáøóÊöí íõÕóÏøöÞõ ÈöåóÇ ÇáúãõÎóÇáöÝõ¡ ÓõãøöíóÊú ÓõáúØóÇäðÇ áöÃóäøóåóÇ ÊóÊóÓóáøóØõ Úóáóì äóÝúÓö ÇáúãóÚóÇÑöÖö æóÊõÞúäöÚõåõ¡ æóäóÝóì Ãóäó Êóßõæäó ÇáúÍõÌøóÉõ ãõäóÒøóáóÉð ãöäó Çááøóåö áöÃóäøó ÔóÃúäó ÇáúÍõÌøóÉö Ýöí ãöËúáö åóÐóÇ Ãóäú íóßõæäó ãõÎúÈóÑðÇ ÈöåóÇ ãöäú ÌóÇäöÈö Çááøóåö ÊóÚóÇáóì¡ áöÃóäøó ÃõãõæÑó ÇáúÛóíúÈö ãöãøóÇ ÇÓúÊóÃúËóÑó Çááøóåõ ÈöÚöáúãöåö. æóÃóÚúÙóãõ ÇáúãõÛóíøóÈóÇÊö ËõÈõæÊ ÇáÅáåíøÉ áÃäøåÇ ÞóÏú íóÞúÕöÑõ ÇáúÚóãóáõ Úóäú ÅöÏúÑóÇßöåóÇ Ýóãöäú ÔóÃúäöåóÇ Ãóäú ÊõÊóáóÞøóì ãöäú ÞöÈóáö ÇáúæóÍúíö ÇáúÅöáóåöíøö.
æóÇáúÝóÇÁõ Ýöí Þóæúáå: ÝóÇäúÊóÙöÑõæÇ áöÊóÝúÑöíÚö åóÐóÇ ÇáúÅöäúÐóÇÑö æóÇáÊøóåúÏöíÏö ÇáÓøóÇÈöÞö¡ áöÃóäøó æõÞõæÚó ÇáúÛóÖóÈö æóÇáÑøöÌúÓö Úóáóíúåöãú¡ æóãõßóÇÈóÑóÊóåõãú æóÇÍúÊöÌóÇÌóåõãú áöãóÇ áóÇ ÍõÌøóÉó áóåõ¡ íóäúÔóÃõ Úóäú Ðóáößó ÇáÊøóåúÏöíÏõ ÈöÇäúÊöÙóÇÑö ÇáúÚóÐóÇÈö.
æóÕöíÛóÉõ ÇáúÃóãúÑö áöáÊøóåúÏöíÏö ãöËúáõ: ÇÚúãóáõæÇ ãóÇ ÔöÆúÊõãú [ÝÕáÊ: 40] . æóÇáöÇäúÊöÙóÇÑõ ÇÝúÊöÚóÇáñ ãöäó ÇáäøóÙóÑö ÈöãóÚúäóì ÇáÊøóÑóÞøõÈö¡ ßóÃóäøó ÇáúãõÎóÇØóÈó ÃõãöÑó ÈöÇáÊøóÑóÞøõÈö ÝóÇÑúÊóÞóÈó.
æãÝÚæá: ÝóÇäúÊóÙöÑõæÇ ãóÍúÐõæÝñ Ïóáøó Úóáóíúåö Þóæúáõåõ: ÑöÌúÓñ æóÛóÖóÈñ Ãóíú ÝóÇäúÊóÙóÑõæÇ ÚöÞóÇÈðÇ.
æóÞóæúáõåõ: Åöäøöí ãóÚóßõãú ãöäó ÇáúãõäúÊóÙöÑöíäó ÇÓÊíäÇÝ ÈóíóÇäöíøñ áöÃóäøó ÊóåúÏöíÏóåõ ÅöíøóÇåõãú íõËöíÑõ ÓõÄóÇáðÇ Ýöí äõÝõæÓöåöãú Ãóäú íóÞõæáõæÇ: ÅöÐóÇ ßõäøóÇ äóäúÊóÙöÑõ ÇáúÚóÐóÇÈó ÝóãóÇÐóÇ íóßõæäõ ÍóÇáõßó¡ ÝóÈóíøóäó Ãóäøóåõ íóäúÊóÙöÑõ ãóÚóåõãú¡ æóåóÐóÇ ãóÞóÇãõ ÃóÏóÈò ãóÚó Çááøóåö ÊóÚóÇáóì
ßóÞóæúáöåö ÊóÚóÇáóì ÊóáúÞöíäðÇ áÑóÓõæáå ãÍãøÏ Õóáøóì Çááåõ Úóáóíúåö æóÓóáøóãó: «æóãóÇ ÃóÏúÑöí ãóÇ íõÝúÚóáõ Èöí æóáóÇ Èößõãú»
ÝóåõæÏñ íóÎóÇÝõ Ãóäú íóÔúãóáóåõ ÇáúÚóÐóÇÈõ ÇáäøóÇÒöáõ ÈöÞóæúãöåö æóÐóáößó ÌóÇÆöÒñ ßóãóÇ
Ýöí ÇáúÍóÏöíËö: Ãóäøó Ãõãøó ÓóáóãóÉó ÞóÇáóÊú: «Ãóäóåúáóßõ æóÝöíäóÇ ÇáÕøóÇáöÍõæäó» ÞóÇáó: «äóÚóãú ÅöÐóÇ ßóËõÑó ÇáúÎóÈóËõ» .
æóÝöí ÇáúÍóÏöíËö ÇáúÂÎóÑö: «Ëõãøó íõÍúÔóÑõæäó Úóáóì äöíøóÇÊöåöãú»
æóíóÌõæÒõ Ãóäú íóäúÒöáó Èöåöãõ ÇáúÚóÐóÇÈõ æóíóÑóÇåõ åõæÏñ æóáóßöäøóåõ áóÇ íõÕöíÈõåõ¡ æóÞóÏú Ñõæöíó Ðóáößó Ýöí ÞöÕøóÊöåö æóíóÌõæÒõ Ãóäú íõÈúÚöÏóåõ Çááøóåõ æóÞóÏú Ñõæöíó ÃóíúÖðÇ Ýöí ÞöÕøóÊöåö ÈöÃóäú íóÃúãõÑóåõ ÈöãõÈóÇÑóÍóÉö ÏöíóÇÑö Þóæúãöåö ÞóÈúáó äÒõæá ÇáúÚóÐóÇÈ:
[72]
[ÓõæÑóÉ ÇáúÃóÚúÑóÇÝ (7) : ÂíóÉ 72]
ÝóÃóäúÌóíúäÇåõ æóÇáøóÐöíäó ãóÚóåõ ÈöÑóÍúãóÉò ãöäøóÇ æóÞóØóÚúäÇ ÏÇÈöÑó ÇáøóÐöíäó ßóÐøóÈõæÇ ÈöÂíÇÊöäÇ æóãÇ ßÇäõæÇ ãõÄúãöäöíäó(8-È/213)
(72)
ÇáúÝóÇÁõ áöáÊøóÚúÞöíÈö: Ãóíú ÝÚÌøá Çááå ÇÓÊíÕÇá ÚóÇÏò æóäóÌøóì åõæÏðÇ æóÇáøóÐöíäó ãóÚóåõ Ãóíö ÇáúãõÄúãöäöíäó ãöäú Þóæúãöåö¡ ÝóÇáúãõÚóÞøóÈõ Èöåö åõæó ÞóØúÚõ ÏóÇÈöÑö ÚóÇÏò¡ æóßóÇäó ãõÞúÊóÖóì ÇáÙøóÇåöÑö Ãóäú íóßõæäó ÇáäøóÙúãõ åóßóÐóÇ: ÝóÞóØóÚúäóÇ ÏóÇÈöÑó ÇáøóÐöíäó ßóÐøóÈõæÇ- ÅöáóÎú- æóäóÌøóíúäóÇ åõæÏðÇ ÅöáóÎú¡ æóáóßöäú ÌóÑóì ÇáäøóÙúãõ Úóáóì ÎöáóÇÝö ãõÞúÊóÖóì ÇáÙøóÇåöÑö áöáöÇåúÊöãóÇãö ÈöÊóÚúÌöíáö ÇáúÅöÎúÈóÇÑö ÈöäóÌóÇÉö åõæÏò æóãóäú Âãóäó ãóÚóåõ¡ Úóáóì äóÍúæö ãóÇ ÞóÑøóÑúÊõåõ Ýöí Þóæúáöåö ÊóÚóÇáóì:
ÝóßóÐøóÈõæåõ ÝóÃóäúÌóíúäÇåõ æóÇáøóÐöíäó ãóÚóåõ Ýöí ÇáúÝõáúßö æóÃóÛúÑóÞúäóÇ ÇáøóÐöíäó ßóÐøóÈõæÇ ÈöÂíÇÊöäÇ [ÇáúÃóÚúÑóÇÝ: 64] Ýöí ÞöÕøóÉö äõæÍò ÇáúãõÊóÞóÏøöãóÉö¡ æóßóÐóáößó ÇáúÞóæúáõ Ýöí ÊóÚúÑöíÝö ÇáúãóæúÕõæáöíøóÉö Ýöí Þóæúáöåö: æóÇáøóÐöíäó ãóÚóåõ. æóÇáøóÐöíäó ãóÚóåõ åõãú ãä Âãä Èöåö ãóäú Þóæúãöåö¡ ÝóÇáúãóÚöíøóÉõ åöíó ÇáúãõÕóÇÍöÈóÉõ Ýöí ÇáÏøöíäö¡ æóåöíó ãóÚöíøóÉñ ãóÌóÇÒöíøóÉñ¡ Þöíáó Åöäøó Çááøóåó ÊóÚóÇáóì ÃóãóÑó åõæÏðÇ æóãóäú ãóÚóåõ ÈöÇáúåöÌúÑóÉö Åöáóì ãóßøóÉó ÞóÈúáó Ãóäú íóÍõáøó ÇáúÚóÐóÇÈõ ÈöÚóÇÏò¡ æóÅöäøóåõ ÊõæõÝøöíó åõäóÇáößó æóÏõÝöäó Ýöí ÇáúÍöÌúÑö æóáóÇ ÃóÍúÓóÈõ åóÐóÇ ËóÇÈöÊðÇ áöÃóäøó ãóßøóÉó ÅöäøóãóÇ ÈóäóÇåóÇ ÅöÈúÑóÇåöíãõ æóÙóÇåöÑõ ÇáúÞõÑúÂäö Ýöí ÓõæÑóÉö åõæÏò Ãóäøó Èóíúäó ÚóÇÏò æóÅöÈúÑóÇåöíãó ÒóãóäðÇ ØóæöíáðÇ áöÃóäøóåõ Íóßóì Úóäú ÔõÚóíúÈò Þóæúáóåõ áöÞóæúãöåö: Ãóäú íõÕöíÈóßõãú ãöËúáõ ãóÇ ÃóÕÇÈó Þóæúãó äõæÍò Ãóæú Þóæúãó åõæÏò Ãóæú Þóæúãó ÕÇáöÍò æóãÇ Þóæúãõ áõæØò ãöäúßõãú ÈöÈóÚöíÏò [åæÏ: 89] Ýóåõæó ÙóÇåöÑñ Ýöí Ãóäøó ÚóÇÏðÇ æóËóãõæÏðÇ ßóÇäõæÇ ÈóÚöíÏöíäó ãöäú Òóãóäö ÔõÚóíúÈò æóÃóäøó Þóæúãó áõæØò ÛóíúÑõ ÈóÚöíÏöíäó¡ æóÇáúÈõÚúÏõ ãõÑóÇÏñ Èöåö ÈõÚúÏõ ÇáÒøóãóÇäö¡ áöÃóäøó ÃóãúßöäóÉó ÇáúÌóãöíÚö ãõÊóÞóÇÑöÈóÉñ¡ æóßóÇäó áõæØñ Ýöí Òóãóäö ÅöÈúÑóÇåöíãó ÝóÇáúÃóæúáóì Ãóäú áóÇ äõÚóíøöäó ßóíúÝöíøóÉó ÅöäúÌóÇÁö åõæÏò æóãóäú ãóÚóåõ. æóÇáúÃóÙúåóÑõ ÃóäøóåóÇ ÈöÇáúÃóãúÑö ÈöÇáúåöÌúÑóÉö Åöáóì ãóßóÇäò ÈóÚöíÏò Úóäö ÇáúÚóÐóÇÈö¡
æóÑõæöíó Úóäú Úóáöíøò Ãóäøó ÞÈÑ åæÏ ÈÍÖÑ ãæÊ
æóåóÐóÇ ÃóÞúÑóÈõ.
æóÞóæúáõåõ: ÈöÑóÍúãóÉò ãöäøóÇ ÇáúÈóÇÁõ Ýöíåö ááÓøÈÈíøÉ¡ æÊäßíÑ ÈöÑóÍúãóÉò áöáÊøóÚúÙöíãö¡ æóßóÐóáößó æóÕóÝõåóÇ ÈöÃóäøóåóÇ ãöäó Çááøóåö áöáÏøóáóÇáóÉö Úóáóì ßóãóÇáöåóÇ¡ æó (ãöäú) áöáöÇÈúÊöÏóÇÁö¡ æóíóÌõæÒõ Ãóäú Êóßõæäó ÇáúÈóÇÁõ áöáúãõÕóÇÍóÈóÉö¡ Ãóíú:
ÝóÃóäúÌóíúäóÇåõ æóÑóÍöãúäóÇåõ¡ ÝóßóÇäóÊö ÇáÑøóÍúãóÉõ ãõÕóÇÍöÈóÉð áóåõãú ÅöÐú ßóÇäõæÇ ÈöãóÍóáøö ÇááøõØúÝö æóÇáÑøöÝúÞö ÍóíúËõãóÇ ÍóáøõæÇ Åöáóì ÇäúÞöÖóÇÁö ÂÌóÇáöåöãú¡ æóãóæúÞöÚõ (ãöäøóÇ) - Úóáóì åóÐóÇ ÇáúæóÌúåö- ãóæúÞöÚñ ÑóÔöíÞñ ÌöÏøðÇ íõÄúÐöäõ ÈöÃóäøó ÇáÑøóÍúãóÉó ÛóíúÑõ ãõäúÞóØöÚóÉò Úóäúåõãú ßóÞóæúáöåö ÝóÅöäøóßó ÈöÃóÚúíõäöäÇ [ÇáØøæÑ: 48] .(8-È/214)
æóÅöáóì ËóãõæÏó ÃóÎóÇåõãú ÕóÇáöÍðÇ ÞóÇáó íóÇ Þóæúãö ÇÚúÈõÏõæÇ Çááøóåó ãóÇ áóßõãú ãöäú Åöáóåò ÛóíúÑõåõ ÞóÏú ÌóÇÁóÊúßõãú ÈóíøöäóÉñ ãöäú ÑóÈøößõãú åóÐöåö äóÇÞóÉõ Çááøóåö áóßõãú ÂíóÉð ÝóÐóÑõæåóÇ ÊóÃúßõáú Ýöí ÃóÑúÖö Çááøóåö æóáóÇ ÊóãóÓøõæåóÇ ÈöÓõæÁò ÝóíóÃúÎõÐóßõãú ÚóÐóÇÈñ Ãóáöíãñ (73)
æóÊóÝúÓöíÑõ Þóæúáöåö: æóÞóØóÚúäÇ ÏÇÈöÑó ÇáøóÐöíäó ßóÐøóÈõæÇ äóÙöíÑõ Þóæúáöåö ÊóÚóÇáóì: ÝóÞõØöÚó ÏÇÈöÑõ ÇáúÞóæúãö ÇáøóÐöíäó ÙóáóãõæÇ Ýöí ÓõæÑóÉö ÇáúÃóäúÚóÇãö [45] ¡ æóÞóÏú ÃóÑúÓóáó Úóáóíúåöãõ ÇáÑøöíÍó ÇáÏøóÈøõæÑó ÝóÃóÝúäóÇåõãú ÌóãöíÚðÇ æóáóãú íóÈúÞó ãöäúåõãú ÃóÍóÏñ. æóÇáÙøóÇåöÑõ Ãóäøó ÇáøóÐöíäó ÃóäúÌóÇåõãõ Çááøóåõ ãöäúåõãú áóãú íóßõäú áóåõãú äóÓúáñ. æóÃóãøóÇ ÇáúÂíóÉõ ÝóáóÇ ÊóÞúÊóÖöí ÅöáøóÇ ÇäúÞöÑóÇÖó äóÓúáö ÇáøóÐöíäó ßóÐøóÈõæÇ æóäóÒóáó Èöåöãõ ÇáúÚóÐóÇÈõ æóÇáÊøóÚúÑöíÝõ ÈöØóÑöíÞö ÇáúãóæúÕõæáöíøóÉö ÊóÞóÏøóãó Ýöí Þóæúáöåö:
æóÃóÛúÑóÞúäóÇ ÇáøóÐöíäó ßóÐøóÈõæÇ ÈöÂíÇÊöäÇ [ÇáúÃóÚúÑóÇÝ: 64] Ýöí ÞöÕøóÉö äõæÍò ÂäöÝðÇ¡ Ýóåõæó áöáúÅöíãóÇÁö Åöáóì æóÌúåö ÈöäóÇÁö ÇáúÎóÈóÑö æóåõæó ÞóØúÚõ ÏóÇÈöÑöåöãú.
æóãÇ ßÇäõæÇ ãõÄúãöäöíäó ÚóØúÝñ Úóáóì ßóÐøóÈõæÇ Ýóåõæó ãöäó ÇáÕøöáóÉö¡ æóÝóÇÆöÏóÉõ ÚóØúÝöåö ÇáúÅöÔóÇÑóÉõ Åöáóì Ãóäøó ßöáúÊóÇ ÇáÕøöáóÊóíúäö ãõæÌöÈñ áóÞóØúÚö ÏóÇÈöÑöåöãú: æóåõãóÇ ÇáÊøóßúÐöíÈõ æóÇáúÅöÔúÑóÇßõ¡ ÊóÚúÑöíÖðÇ ÈöãõÔúÑößöí ÞõÑóíúÔò¡ æóáöãóæúÚöÙóÊöåöãú ÐõßöÑóÊú åóÐöåö ÇáúÞóÕóÕõ. æóÞóÏú ßóÇäó ãóÇ Íóáøó ÈÚÇÏ ãä ÇáÇÓÊíÕÇá ÊóØúåöíÑÇ Ãæøá áÈáÇÏ ÇáúÚóÑóÈö ãöäó ÇáÔøöÑúßö¡ æóÞóØúÚðÇ áöÏóÇÈöÑö ÇáÖøóáóÇáö ãöäúåóÇ Ýöí Ãóæøóáö ÚõÕõæÑö ÚõãúÑóÇäöåóÇ¡ ÅöÚúÏóÇÏðÇ áöãóÇ ÃóÑóÇÏó Çááøóåõ ÊóÚóÇáóì ãöäö ÇäúÈöËóÇÞö äõæÑö ÇáÏøóÚúæóÉö ÇáãÍãøÏíøÉ ÝöíåóÇ.
[73]
[ÓõæÑóÉ ÇáúÃóÚúÑóÇÝ (7) : ÂíóÉ 73]
æóÅöáì ËóãõæÏó ÃóÎÇåõãú ÕÇáöÍÇð ÞÇáó íóÇ Þóæúãö ÇÚúÈõÏõæÇ Çááøóåó ãóÇ áóßõãú ãöäú Åöáåò ÛóíúÑõåõ ÞóÏú ÌÇÁóÊúßõãú ÈóíøöäóÉñ ãöäú ÑóÈøößõãú åÐöåö äÇÞóÉõ Çááøóåö áóßõãú ÂíóÉð ÝóÐóÑõæåÇ ÊóÃúßõáú Ýöí ÃóÑúÖö Çááøóåö æóáÇ ÊóãóÓøõæåÇ ÈöÓõæÁò ÝóíóÃúÎõÐóßõãú ÚóÐÇÈñ Ãóáöíãñ (73)
ÇáúæóÇæõ Ýöí Þóæúáöåö: æóÅöáì ËóãõæÏó ãöËúáõåóÇ Ýöí Þóæúáöåö: æóÅöáì ÚÇÏò ÃóÎÇåõãú åõæÏÇð [ÇáúÃóÚúÑóÇÝ:
65] ¡ æóßóÐóáößó ÇáúÞóæúáõ Ýöí ÊóÝúÓöíÑöåóÇ Åöáóì Þóæúáöåö ÊóÚóÇáóì: ãöäú Åöáåò ÛóíúÑõåõ.
æóËóãõæÏõ ÃõãøóÉñ ÚóÙöíãóÉñ ãöäó ÇáúÚóÑóÈö ÇáúÈóÇÆöÏóÉö æóåõãú ÃóÈúäóÇÁõ ËóãõæÏó Èúäö ÌóÇËöÑó- ÈöÌöíãò æóãõËóáøóËóÉò ßóãóÇ Ýöí «ÇáúÞóÇãõæÓö» - ÇÈúä ÅöÑóãó Èúäö ÓóÇãö Èúäö äõæÍò ÝóíóáúÊóÞõæäó ãóÚó ÚóÇÏò Ýöí (ÅöÑóãó)(8-È/215)
æóßóÇäóÊú ãóÓóÇßöäõåõãú ÈöÇáúÍöÌúÑö- ÈößóÓúÑö ÇáúÍóÇÁö æóÓõßõæäö ÇáúÌöíãö- Èóíúäó ÇáúÍöÌóÇÒö æóÇáÔøóÇãö¡ æóåõæó ÇáúãóßóÇäõ ÇáúãõÓóãøóì ÇáúÂäó ãóÏóÇÆöäõ ÕóÇáöÍò æóÓõãøöí Ýöí ÍóÏöíËö ÛóÒúæóÉö ÊóÈõæßò: ÍóÌúÑó ËóãõæÏò.
æóÕóÇáöÍñ åõæó ÇÈúäõ ÚóÈöíáò- ÈöáóÇãò Ýöí ÂÎöÑöåö æóÈöÝóÊúÍö ÇáúÚóíúäö- ÇÈúäö ÂÓöÝó Èúäö ãóÇÔöÌó Ãóæú ÔÇáöÎó Èúäö
ÚóÈöíáö Èúäö ÌóÇËöÑó- æóíõÞóÇáõ ßóÇËöÑó- ÇÈúäö ËóãõæÏó. æóÝöí ÈóÚúÖö åóÐöåö ÇáúÃóÓúãóÇÁö ÇÎúÊöáóÇÝñ Ýöí ÍõÑõæÝöåóÇ Ýöí ßõÊõÈö ÇáÊøóÇÑöíÎö æóÛóíúÑöåóÇ ÃóÍúÓóÈõåõ ãöäó ÇáÊøóÍúÑöíÝö æóåöíó ÛóíúÑõ ãóÖúÈõæØóÉò Óöæóì ÚóÈöíáò ÝóÅöäøóåõ ãóÖúÈõæØñ Ýöí Óóãöíøöåö ÇáøóÐöí åõæó ÌóÏøõ ÞóÈöíáóÉò¡ ßóãóÇ Ýöí «ÇáúÞóÇãõæÓö» .
æóËóãõæÏõ åõäóÇ ãóãúäõæÚñ ãöäó ÇáÕøóÑúÝö áöÃóäøó ÇáúãõÑóÇÏó Èöåö ÇáúÞóÈöíáóÉõ áóÇ ÌóÏøõåóÇ. æóÃóÓúãóÇÁõ ÇáúÞóÈóÇÆöáö ãóãúäõæÚóÉñ ãöäó ÇáÕøóÑúÝö Úóáóì ÇÚúÊöÈóÇÑö ÇáÊøóÃúäöíËö ãóÚó ÇáúÚóáóãöíøóÉö æóåõæó ÇáúÛóÇáöÈõ Ýöí ÇáúÞõÑúÂäö¡ æóÞóÏú æóÑóÏó Ýöí ÈóÚúÖö ÂíóÇÊö ÇáúÞõÑúÂäö ãóÕúÑõæÝðÇ ßóãóÇ Ýöí Þóæúáöåö ÊóÚóÇáóì: ÃóáÇ Åöäøó ËóãõæÏó ßóÝóÑõæÇ ÑóÈøóåõãú [åæÏ: 68] Úóáóì ÇÚúÊöÈóÇÑö ÇáúÍóíøö ÝóíóäúÊóÝöí ãõæÌöÈõ ãóäúÚö ÇáÕøóÑúÝö áöÃóäøó ÇáöÇÓúãó ÚóÑóÈöíøñ.
æóÞóæúáõåõ: ãóÇ áóßõãú ãöäú Åöáåò ÛóíúÑõåõ íóÏõáøõ Úóáóì Ãóäøó ËóãõæÏó ßóÇäõæÇ ãõÔúÑößöíäó¡ æóÞóÏú ÕõÑøöÍó ÈöÐóáößó Ýöí ÂíóÇÊö ÓõæÑóÉö åõæÏò æóÛóíúÑöåóÇ. æóÇáÙøóÇåöÑõ Ãóäøóåõãú ÚóÈóÏõæÇ ÇáúÃóÕúäóÇãó ÇáøóÊöí ÚóÈóÏóÊúåóÇ ÚóÇÏñ áöÃóäøó ËóãõæÏó æóÚóÇÏðÇ ÃóÈúäóÇÁõ äóÓóÈò æóÇÍöÏò¡ ÝóíõÔúÈöåõ Ãóäú Êóßõæäó ÚóÞóÇÆöÏõåõãú ãõÊóãóÇËöáóÉñ. æóÞóÏú ÞóÇáó ÇáúãõÝóÓøöÑõæäó: Ãóäøó ËóãõæÏó ÞóÇãóÊú ÈóÚúÏó ÚóÇÏò ÝóäóãóÊú æóÚóÙõãóÊú æóÇÊøóÓóÚóÊú ÍóÖóÇÑóÊõåóÇ¡ æóßóÇäõæÇ ãõæóÍøöÏöíäó¡ æóáóÚóáøóåõãõ ÇÊøóÚóÙõæÇ ÈöãóÇ Íóáøó ÈöÚóÇÏò¡ Ëõãøó ØóÇáóÊú ãõÏøóÊõåõãú æóäóÚöãú ÚóíúÔõåõãú ÝóÚóÊóæúÇ æóäóÓõæÇ äöÚúãóÉó Çááøóåö æóÚóÈóÏõæÇ ÇáúÃóÕúäóÇãó ÝóÃóÑúÓóáó Çááøóåõ Åöáóíúåöãú ÕóÇáöÍðÇ ÑóÓõæáðÇ íóÏúÚõæåõãú Åöáóì ÇáÊøóæúÍöíÏö Ýóáóãú íóÊúÈóÚúåõ ÅöáøóÇ Þóáöíáñ ãöäúåõãú ãõÓúÊóÖúÚóÝõæäó¡ æóÚóÕóÇåõ ÓóÇÏóÊõåõãú æóßõÈóÑóÇÄõåõãú¡ æóÐóßóÑó Ýöí ÂíóÉö ÓõæÑóÉö åõæÏò Ãóäøó Þóæúãóåõ áóãú íõÛúáöÙõæÇ áóåõ ÇáúÞóæúáó ßóãóÇ ÃóÛúáóÙóÊú Þóæúãõ äõæÍò æóÞóæúãõ åõæÏò áöÑóÓõæáöåöãú¡ ÝóÞóÏú: ÞÇáõæÇ íóÇ ÕÇáöÍõ ÞóÏú ßõäúÊó ÝöíäÇ ãóÑúÌõæøðÇ ÞóÈúáó åóÐóÇ ÃóÊóäúåÇäÇ Ãóäú äóÚúÈõÏó ãóÇ íóÚúÈõÏõ ÂÈÇÄõäÇ æóÅöäøóäÇ áóÝöí Ôóßøò ãöãøóÇ ÊóÏúÚõæäÇ Åöáóíúåö ãõÑöíÈò [åæÏ: 62] . æóÊóÏõáøõ ÂíóÇÊõ ÇáúÞõÑúÂäö æóãóÇ ÝõÓøöÑóÊú Èöåö ãöäó ÇáúÞóÕóÕö Úóáóì Ãóäøó ÕóÇáöÍðÇ ÃóÌóáøóåõãú ãõÏøóÉð áöáÊøóÃóãøõáö æóÌóÚóáó ÇáäøóÇÞóÉó áóåõãú ÂíóÉð¡ æóÃóäøóåõãú ÊóÇÑößõæåóÇ æóáóãú íõåóíøöÌõæåóÇ ÒóãóäðÇ ØóæöíáðÇ.(8-È/216)
ÝóÞóÏú ÃóÔúÚóÑóÊú ãõÌóÇÏóáóÊõåõãú ÕóÇáöÍðÇ Ýöí ÃóãúÑö ÇáÏøöíäö Úóáóì Ãóäøó ÇáÊøóÚóÞøõáó Ýöí ÇáúãõÌóÇÏóáóÉö ÃóÎóÐó íóÏõÈøõ Ýöí äõÝõæÓö ÇáúÈóÔóÑö¡ æóÃóäøó ÛóáúæóÇÁóåõãú Ýöí ÇáúãõßóÇÈóÑóÉö ÃóÎóÐóÊú ÊóÞúÕõÑõ¡ æóÃóäøó ÞóäóÇÉó ÈöÃúÓöåöãú ÇÈúÊóÏóÃóÊú Êóáöíäõ¡ áöáúÝóÑúÞö ÇáúæóÇÖöÍö Èóíúäó ÌóæóÇÈö Þóæúãò äõæÍò æóÞóæúãö åõæÏò¡ æóÈóíúäó ÌóæóÇÈö Þóæúãö ÕóÇáöÍò. æóãöäú ÃóÌúáö Ðóáößó Ãóãúåóáóåõãõ Çááøóåõ æóãóÇÏøóåõãú áöíóäúÙõÑõæÇ æóíõÝóßøöÑõæÇ ÝöíãóÇ íóÏÚõæåõã Åöáóíúåö äÈÆåã æóáöíóÒöäõæÇ ÃóãúÑóåõãú¡ æóÌóÚóáó áóåõãõ ÇáöÇäúßöÝóÇÝó Úóäú ãóÓøö ÇáäøóÇÞóÉö ÈöÓõæÁò ÚóáóÇãóÉð Úóáóì ÇãúÊöÏóÇÏö ÇáúÅöãúåóÇáö áöÃóäøó ÇäúßöÝóÇÝóåõãú Ðóáößó ÚóáóÇãóÉñ Úóáóì Ãóäøó äõÝõæÓóåõãú áóãú ÊõÍúäöÞú Úóáóì ÑóÓõæáöåöãú¡ ÝóÑóÌóÇÄõåõ ÅöíãóÇäóåõãú ãõÓúÊóãöÑøñ¡ æóÇáúÅöãúåóÇáõ áóåõãú ÃóÞúØóÚõ áöÚõÐúÑöåöãú¡ æóÃóäúåóÖõ ÈöÇáúÍõÌøóÉö Úóáóíúåöãú¡ ÝóáöÐóáößó ÃóÎøóÑó Çááøóåõ ÇáúÚóÐóÇÈó Úóäúåõãú ÅößúÑóÇãðÇ áöäóÈöíøöåöãõ ÇáúÍóÑöíÕö Úóáóì ÅöíãóÇäöåöãú ÈöÞóÏúÑö ÇáØøóÇÞóÉö¡ ßóãóÇ ÞóÇáó ÊóÚóÇáóì áöäõæÍò: Ãóäøóåõ áóäú íõÄúãöäó ãöäú Þóæúãößó ÅöáøóÇ ãóäú ÞóÏú Âãóäó ÝóáÇ ÊóÈúÊóÆöÓú ÈöãÇ ßÇäõæÇ íóÝúÚóáõæäó [åæÏ: 36] .
æóÌõãúáóÉõ: ÞóÏú ÌÇÁóÊúßõãú ÈóíøöäóÉñ ãöäú ÑóÈøößõãú ÅöáóÎú¡ åöíó ãöäú ãóÞõæáö ÕóÇáöÍò Ýöí æóÞúÊò ÛóíúÑö ÇáúæóÞúÊö ÇáøóÐöí ÇÈúÊóÏóÃó Ýöíåö ÈöÇáÏøóÚúæóÉö¡ áöÃóäøóåõ ÞóÏú Øõæöíó åõäóÇ ÌóæóÇÈõ Þóæúãöåö æóÓõÄóÇáõåõãú ÅöíøóÇåõ ÂíóÉð ßóãóÇ ÏóáøóÊú Úóáóíúåö ÂíóÇÊõ ÓõæÑóÉö åõæÏò æóÓõæÑóÉö ÇáÔøõÚóÑóÇÁö¡ ÝóÝöí ÓõæÑóÉö åõæÏò [61¡ 62] : ÞÇáó íóÇ Þóæúãö ÇÚúÈõÏõæÇ Çááøóåó ãóÇ áóßõãú ãöäú Åöáåò ÛóíúÑõåõ åõæó ÃóäúÔóÃóßõãú ãöäó ÇáúÃóÑúÖö æóÇÓúÊóÚúãóÑóßõãú ÝöíåÇ ÝóÇÓúÊóÛúÝöÑõæåõ Ëõãøó ÊõæÈõæÇ Åöáóíúåö Åöäøó ÑóÈøöí ÞóÑöíÈñ ãõÌöíÈñ ÞÇáõæÇ íóÇ ÕÇáöÍõ ÞóÏú ßõäúÊó ÝöíäÇ ãóÑúÌõæøðÇ ÞóÈúáó åóÐóÇ ÇáúÂíóÉó. æóÝöí ÓõæÑóÉö ÇáÔøõÚóÑóÇÁö [153- 155] : ÞÇáõæÇ ÅöäøóãÇ ÃóäúÊó ãöäó ÇáúãõÓóÍøóÑöíäó ãóÇ ÃóäúÊó ÅöáøóÇ ÈóÔóÑñ ãöËúáõäÇ ÝóÃúÊö ÈöÂíóÉò Åöäú ßõäúÊó ãöäó ÇáÕøóÇÏöÞöíäó ÞÇáó åÐöåö äÇÞóÉñ áóåÇ ÔöÑúÈñ ÇáúÂíóÉ.
ÝóÌõãúáóÉõ: ÞóÏú ÌÇÁóÊúßõãú ÈóíøöäóÉñ ãöäú ÑóÈøößõãú ÊóÚúáöíáñ áöÌõãúáóÉö: ÇÚúÈõÏõæÇ Çááøóåó¡ Ãóíö ÇÚúÈõÏõæåõ æóÍúÏóåõ áöÃóäøóåõ ÌóÚóáó áóßõãú ÂíóÉð Úóáóì ÊóÕúÏöíÞöí ÝöíãóÇ ÈóáøóÛúÊõ áóßõãú¡ æóÚóáóì ÇäúÝöÑóÇÏöåö ÈöÇáÊøóÕóÑøõÝö Ýöí ÇáúãóÎúáõæÞóÇÊö.
æóÞóæúáõåõ: åÐöåö äÇÞóÉõ Çááøóåö íóÞúÊóÖöí Ãóäøó ÇáäøóÇÞóÉó ßóÇäóÊú ÍóÇÖöÑóÉñ ÚöäúÏó Þóæúáöåö: ÞóÏú ÌÇÁóÊúßõãú ÈóíøöäóÉñ ãöäú ÑóÈøößõãú áöÃóäøóåóÇ äóÝúÓõ ÇáúÂíóÉö.(8-È/217)
æóÇáúÈóíøöäóÉõ: ÇáúÍõÌøóÉõ Úóáóì ÕöÏúÞö ÇáÏøóÚúæóì¡ Ýóåöíó ÊóÑóÇÏõÝõ ÇáúÂíóÉó¡ æóÞóÏú ÚõÈøöÑó ÈöåóÇ Úóäö ÇáúÂíóÉö Ýöí Þóæúáöåö ÊóÚóÇáóì: áóãú íóßõäö ÇáøóÐöíäó ßóÝóÑõæÇ ãöäú Ãóåúáö ÇáúßöÊÇÈö æóÇáúãõÔúÑößöíäó ãõäúÝóßøöíäó ÍóÊøóì ÊóÃúÊöíóåõãõ ÇáúÈóíøöäóÉõ [ÇáúÈóíøöäóÉõ: 1] .
æåÐöåö ÅöÔóÇÑóÉñ Åöáóì ÇáäøóÇÞóÉö ÇáøóÊöí ÌóÚóáóåóÇ Çááøóåõ ÂíóÉð áöÕöÏúÞö ÕóÇáöÍò æóáóãøóÇ ßóÇäóÊö ÇáäøóÇÞóÉõ åöíó ÇáúÈóíøöäóÉõ ßóÇäóÊú ÌõãúáóÉõ: åÐöåö äÇÞóÉõ Çááøóåö áóßõãú ÂíóÉð ãõäóÒøóáóÉð ãöäó ÇáøóÊöí ÞóÈúáóåóÇ ãóäúÒöáóÉó ÚóØúÝö ÇáúÈóíóÇäö.
æóÞóæúáõåõ: ÂíóÉð ÍóÇáñ ãöäö ÇÓúãö ÇáúÅöÔóÇÑóÉö Ýöí Þóæúáöåö: åÐöåö äÇÞóÉõ Çááøóåö áöÃóäøó ÇÓúãó ÇáúÅöÔóÇÑóÉö Ýöíåö ãóÚúäóì ÇáúÝöÚúáö¡ æóÇÞúÊöÑóÇäõåõ ÈöÍóÑúÝö ÇáÊøóäúÈöíåö íõÞóæøöí ÔóÈóåóåõ ÈöÇáúÝöÚúáö¡ ÝóáöÐóáößó íóßõæäõ ÚóÇãöáðÇ Ýöí ÇáúÍóÇáö ÈöÇáöÇÊøöÝóÇÞö¡ æóÊóÞóÏøóãó ÚöäúÏó Þóæúáöåö: Ðáößó äóÊúáõæåõ Úóáóíúßó ãöäó ÇáúÂíÇÊö Ýöí ÓõæÑóÉö Âáö ÚöãúÑóÇäó [58] ¡ æóÓóäóÐúßõÑõ ÞöÕøóÉð Ýöí åóÐóÇ ÚöäúÏó ÊóÝúÓöíÑö Þóæúáöåö ÊóÚóÇáóì: æóåÐÇ ÈóÚúáöí ÔóíúÎÇð Ýöí ÓõæÑóÉö åõæÏò [72] .
æóÃõßøöÏóÊú ÌõãúáóÉõ: ÞóÏú ÌÇÁóÊúßõãú ÈóíøöäóÉñ¡ æóÒóÇÏóÊú Úóáóì ÇáÊøóÃúßöíÏö ÅöÝóÇÏóÉõ ãóÇ ÇÞúÊóÖóÇåõ Þóæúáõåõ áóßõãú ãöäó ÇáÊøóÎúÕöíÕö æóÊóËúÈöíÊö ÃóäøóåóÇ ÂíóÉñ¡ æóÐóáößó ãóÚúäóì ÇááøóÇãö¡ Ãóíú åöíó ÂíóÉñ ãõÞúäöÚóÉñ áóßõãú æóãóÌúÚõæáóÉñ áöÃóÌúáößõãú.
ÝóÞóæúáõåõ: áóßõãú ÙóÑúÝñ ãõÓúÊóÞöÑøñ Ýöí ãóæúÖöÚö ÇáúÍóÇáö ãöäú ÂíóÉð¡ æóÃóÕúáõåõ ÕöÝóÉñ ÝóáóãøóÇ ÞõÏøöãó Úóáóì ãóæúÕõæÝöåö ÕóÇÑó ÍóÇáðÇ¡ æóÊóÞúÏöíãõåõ áöáöÇåúÊöãóÇãö ÈöÃóäøóåóÇ ßóÇÝöíóÉñ áóåõãú Úóáóì ãóÇ Ýöíåöãú ãöäú ÚöäóÇÏò.
æóÅöÖóÇÝóÉõ äóÇÞóÉò Åöáóì ÇÓúãö Çááøóåö ÊóÚóÇáóì ÊóÔúÑöíÝñ áóåóÇ áöÃóäøó Çááøóåó ÃóãóÑó ÈöÇáúÅöÍúÓóÇäö ÅöáóíúåóÇ æóÚóÏóãö ÇáÊøóÚóÑøõÖö áóåóÇ ÈöÓõæÁò¡ æóÚóÙøóãó ÍõÑúãóÊóåóÇ¡ ßóãóÇ íõÞóÇáõ: ÇáúßóÚúÈóÉõ ÈóíúÊõ Çááøóåö¡ Ãóæú áöÃóäøóåóÇ æõÌöÏóÊú ÈößóíúÝöíøóÉò ÎóÇÑöÞóÉò áöáúÚóÇÏóÉö¡ ÝóáöÇäúÊöÝóÇÁö ãóÇ ÇáÔøóÃúäõ Ãóäú ÊõÖóÇÝó Åöáóíúåö ãöäú ÃóÓúÈóÇÈö æõÌõæÏö ÃóãúËóÇáöåóÇ ÃõÖöíÝóÊú Åöáóì ÇÓúãö ÇáúÌóáóÇáóÉö ßóãóÇ Þöíáó: ÚöíÓóì- Úóáóíúåö ÇáÓøóáóÇãõ- ßóáöãóÉõ Çááøóåö.
æóÃóãøóÇ ÅöÖóÇÝóÉõ ÃóÑúÖö Åöáóì ÇÓúãö ÇáúÌóáóÇáóÉö ÝóÇáúãóÞúÕõæÏõ ãöäúåõ Ãóäøó áöáäøóÇÞóÉö ÍóÞøðÇ Ýöí ÇáúÃóßúáö ãöäú äóÈóÇÊö ÇáúÃóÑúÖö áöÃóäøó ÇáúÃóÑúÖó áöáøóåö æóÊöáúßó ÇáäøóÇÞóÉõ ãöäú ãóÎúáõæÞóÇÊöåö ÝóáóåóÇ ÇáúÍóÞøõ(8-È/218)
Ýöí ÇáöÇäúÊöÝóÇÚö ÈöãóÇ íóÕúáõÍõ áÇäÊÝÇÚåÇ.
æóÞóæáå: åÐöåö ãõÞóÏøöãóÉñ áöÞóæúáöåö: æóáÇ ÊóãóÓøõæåÇ ÈöÓõæÁò Ãóíú ÈöÓõæÁò íóÚõæÞõåóÇ Úóäö ÇáÑøóÚúíö ÅöãøóÇ ÈöãóæúÊò Ãóæú ÈöÌóÑúÍò¡ æóÅöãøóÇ áöÃóäøóåõãú áóãøóÇ ßóÐøóÈõæåõ æóßóÐøóÈõæÇ ãõÚúÌöÒóÊóåõ ÑóÇãõæÇ ãóäúÚó ÇáäøóÇÞóÉö ãöäó ÇáÑøóÚúíö áöÊóãõæÊó ÌõæÚðÇ Úóáóì ãóÚúäóì ÇáúÅöáúÌóÇÁö ÇáäøóÇÔöÆö Úóäö ÇáúÌóåóÇáóÉö.
æóÇáúÃóÑúÖõ åóäóÇ ãõÑóÇÏñ ÈöåóÇ ÌöäúÓõ ÇáúÃóÑúÖö ßóãóÇ ÊóÞúÊóÖöíåö ÇáúÅöÖóÇÝóÉõ.
æóÞóÏú ÌóÚóáó Çááøóåõ ÓóáóÇãóÉó Êöáúßó ÇáäøóÇÞóÉö ÚóáóÇãóÉð Úóáóì ÓóáóÇãóÊöåöãú ãä ÚóÐóÇÈ ÇáÇÓÊíÕÇá áöáúÍößúãóÉö ÇáøóÊöí ÞóÏøóãúÊõåóÇ ÂäöÝðÇ¡ æóÃóäøó ãóÇ ÃóæúÕóì Çááøóåõ Èöåö Ýöí ÔóÃúäöåóÇ ÔóÈöíåñ ÈöÇáúÍóÑóãö¡ æóÔóÈöíåñ ÈöÍöãóì Çáúãõáõæßö áöãóÇ Ýöíåö ãöäó ÇáÏøóáóÇáóÉö Úóáóì ÊóÚúÙöíãö äõÝõæÓö ÇáúÞóæúãö áöãóäú ÊõäúÓóÈõ Åöáóíúåö Êöáúßó ÇáúÍõÑúãóÉõ¡ æóáöÐóáößó ÞóÇáó áóåõãú ÕóÇáöÍñ:
ÝóÐóÑõæåÇ ÊóÃúßõáú Ýöí ÃóÑúÖö Çááøóåö æóáÇ ÊóãóÓøõæåÇ ÈöÓõæÁò áöÃóäøóåõãú ÅöÐóÇ ãóÓøóåóÇ ÃóÍóÏñ ÈöÓõæÁò¡ Úóäú ÑöÖðì ãöäó ÇáúÈóÞöíøóÉö¡ ÝóÞóÏú ÏóáøõæÇ Úóáóì Ãóäøóåõãú ÎóáóÚõæÇ ÍõÑúãóÉó Çááøóåö ÊóÚóÇáóì æÍóäöÞõæÇ Úóáóì ÑóÓõæáöåö Úóáóíúåö ÇáÓøóáóÇãõ.
æóÌõÒöãó ÊóÃúßõáú Úóáóì Ãóäøó ÃóÕúáóåõ ÌóæóÇÈõ ÇáúÃóãúÑö ÈöÊóÞúÏöíÑö: Åöäú ÊóÐúÑõæåóÇ ÊóÃúßõáú¡ ÝóÇáúãóÚúäóì Úóáóì ÇáÑøóÝúÚö æóÇáöÇÓúÊöÚúãóÇáõ Úóáóì ÇáúÌóÒúãö¡ ßóãóÇ Ýöí Þóæúáöåö ÊóÚóÇáóì: Þõáú áöÚöÈÇÏöíó ÇáøóÐöíäó ÂãóäõæÇ íõÞöíãõæÇ ÇáÕøóáÇÉó [ÅöÈúÑóÇåöíã: 31] Ãóíú íõÞöíãõæäó æóåõæó ßóËöíÑñ Ýöí ÇáúßóáóÇãö¡ æóíõÔúÈöåõ Ãóäøó ÃóÕúáó ÌóÒúãö ÃóãúËóÇáöåö Ýöí ÇáúßóáóÇãö ÇáúÚóÑóÈöíøö Úóáóì ÇáÊøóæóåøõãö áöæõÌõæÏö ÝöÚúáö ÇáØøóáóÈö ÞóÈúáó ÝöÚúáò ÕóÇáöÍò áöáúÌóÒúãö¡ æóáóÚóáøó ãöäúåõ Þóæúáóåõ ÊóÚóÇáóì: æóÃóÐøöäú Ýöí ÇáäøóÇÓö ÈöÇáúÍóÌøö íóÃúÊõæßó ÑöÌÇáðÇ [ÇáúÍóÌ: 27] .
æóÇäúÊóÕóÈó Þóæúáõåõ: ÝóíóÃúÎõÐóßõãú Ýöí ÌóæóÇÈö Çáäøóåúíö áöíõÚúÊóÈóÑó ÇáúÌóæóÇÈõ áöáúãóäúåöíøö Úóäúåõ áöÃóäøó ÍóÑúÝó Çáäøóåúíö áóÇ ÃóËóÑó áóåõ: Ãóíú Åöäú ÊóãóÓøõæåóÇ ÈöÓõæÁò íóÃúÎõÐúßõãú ÚóÐóÇÈ.
æóÃõäöíØó Çáäøóåúíõ ÈöÇáúãóÓøö ÈöÇáÓøõæÁö áöÃóäøó ÇáúãóÓøó íóÕúÏõÞõ Úóáóì ÃóÞóáøö ÇÊøöÕóÇáö ÔóíúÁò ÈöÇáúÌöÓúãö¡ Ýóßõáøõ ãóÇ íóäóÇáõåóÇ ãöãøóÇ íõÑóÇÏõ ãöäúåõ ÇáÓøõæÁõ Ýóåõæó ãóäúåöíøñ Úóäúåõ¡ æóÐóáößó áöÃóäøó ÇáúÍóíóæóÇäó áóÇ íóÓõæÄõåõ ÅöáøóÇ ãóÇ Ýöíåö Ãóáóãñ áöÐóÇÊöåö¡ áöÃóäøóåõ áóÇ íóÝúÞóåõ ÇáúãóÚóÇäöíó ÇáäøóÝúÓóÇäöíøóÉó.
æóÇáúÈóÇÁõ Ýöí Þóæúáöåö: ÈöÓõæÁò áöáúãõáóÇÈóÓóÉö¡ æóåöíó Ýöí ãóæúÖöÚö ÇáúÍóÇáö ãöäú ÝóÇÚöáö ÊóãóÓøõæåóÇ Ãóíú ÈöÞÕÏ ÓæÁ.(8-È/219)
æóÇÐúßõÑõæÇ ÅöÐú ÌóÚóáóßõãú ÎõáóÝóÇÁó ãöäú ÈóÚúÏö ÚóÇÏò æóÈóæøóÃóßõãú Ýöí ÇáúÃóÑúÖö ÊóÊøóÎöÐõæäó ãöäú ÓõåõæáöåóÇ ÞõÕõæÑðÇ æóÊóäúÍöÊõæäó ÇáúÌöÈóÇáó ÈõíõæÊðÇ ÝóÇÐúßõÑõæÇ ÂáóÇÁó Çááøóåö æóáóÇ ÊóÚúËóæúÇ Ýöí ÇáúÃóÑúÖö ãõÝúÓöÏöíäó (74)
[ÓõæÑóÉ ÇáúÃóÚúÑóÇÝ (7) : ÂíóÉ 74]
æóÇÐúßõÑõæÇ ÅöÐú ÌóÚóáóßõãú ÎõáóÝÇÁó ãöäú ÈóÚúÏö ÚÇÏò æóÈóæøóÃóßõãú Ýöí ÇáúÃóÑúÖö ÊóÊøóÎöÐõæäó ãöäú ÓõåõæáöåÇ ÞõÕõæÑÇð æóÊóäúÍöÊõæäó ÇáúÌöÈÇáó ÈõíõæÊÇð ÝóÇÐúßõÑõæÇ ÂáÇÁó Çááøóåö æóáÇ ÊóÚúËóæúÇ Ýöí ÇáúÃóÑúÖö ãõÝúÓöÏöíäó (74)
íóÌõæÒõ Ãóäú íóßõæäó ÚóØúÝðÇ Úóáóì Þóæúáöåö: ÇÚúÈõÏõæÇ Çááøóåó [ÇáúÃóÚúÑóÇÝ: 73] æóÃóäú íóßõæäó ÚóØúÝðÇ Úóáóì Þóæúáöåö: ÝóÐóÑõæåÇ ÊóÃúßõáú Ýöí ÃóÑúÖö Çááøóåö [ÇáúÃóÚúÑóÇÝ: 73] ÅöáóÎú. æóÇáúÞóæúáõ Ýöíåö ßóÇáúÞóæúáö Ýöí Þóæúáöåö:
æóÇÐúßõÑõæÇ ÅöÐú ÌóÚóáóßõãú ÎõáóÝÇÁó ãöäú ÈóÚúÏö Þóæúãö äõæÍò [ÇáúÃóÚúÑóÇÝ: 69] .
æóÈóæøóÃóßõãú ãóÚúäóÇåõ ÃóäúÒóáóßõãú¡ ãõÔúÊóÞøñ ãöäó ÇáúÈóæúÁö æóåõæó ÇáÑøõÌõæÚõ¡ áöÃóäøó ÇáúãóÑúÁó íóÑúÌöÚõ Åöáóì ãóäúÒöáöåö æóãóÓúßóäöåö¡ æóÊóÞóÏøóãó Ýöí ÓõæÑóÉö Âáö ÚöãúÑóÇäó [121] ¡ ÊõÈóæøöÆõ ÇáúãõÄúãöäöíäó ãóÞÇÚöÏó áöáúÞöÊÇáö.
æóÞóæúáõåõ: Ýöí ÇáúÃóÑúÖö íóÌõæÒõ Ãóäú íóßõæäó ÊóÚúÑöíÝõ ÇáúÃóÑúÖö áöáúÚóåúÏö¡ Ãóíú Ýöí ÃóÑúÖößõãú åóÐöåö¡ æóåöíó ÃóÑúÖõ ÇáúÍöÌúÑö¡ æóíóÌõæÒõ Ãóäú íóßõæäó áöáúÌöäúÓö áöÃóäøóåõ áóãøóÇ ÈóæøóÃóåõãú Ýöí ÃóÑúÖò ãõÚóíøóäóÉò ÝóÞóÏú ÈóæøóÃóåõãú Ýöí ÌóÇäöÈò ãöäú ÌóæóÇäöÈ ÇáÃóÑúÖ.
æ «ÇáÓøåæá» ÌóãúÚõ Óóåúáò¡ æóåõæó ÇáúãõÓúÊóæöí ãöäó ÇáúÃóÑúÖö¡ æóÖöÏøõåõ ÇáúÌóÈóáõ.
æóÇáúÞõÕõæÑõ: ÌóãúÚõ ÞóÕúÑò æóåõæó ÇáúãóÓúßóäõ¡ æóåóÐóÇ íóÏõáøõ Úóáóì Ãóäøóåõãú ßóÇäõæÇ íõÔóíøöÏõæäó ÇáúÞõÕõæÑó¡ æóÂËóÇÑõåõãú ÊóäúØöÞõ ÈöÐóáößó.
æó (ãöäú) Ýöí Þóæúáöåö: ãöäú ÓõåõæáöåÇ áöáÙøóÑúÝöíøóÉö¡ Ãóíú: ÊóÊøóÎöÐõæäó Ýöí ÓõåõæáöåóÇ ÞõÕõæÑðÇ.
æóÇáäøóÍúÊõ: ÈóÑúíõ ÇáúÍóÌóÑö æóÇáúÎóÔóÈö ÈöÂáóÉò Úóáóì ÊóÞúÏöíÑò ãóÎúÕõæÕò.
æóÇáúÌöÈóÇáõ: ÌóãúÚõ ÌóÈóáò æóåõæó ÇáúÃóÑúÖõ ÇáäøóÇÊöÆóÉõ Úóáóì ÛóíúÑöåóÇ ãõÑúÊóÝöÚóÉñ¡ æóÇáúÌöÈóÇáõ: ÖöÏøõ ÇáÓøõåõæáö.
æóÇáúÈõíõæÊõ: ÌóãúÚõ ÈóíúÊò æóåõæó ÇáúãóßóÇäõ ÇáúãõÍóÏøóÏõ ÇáúãõÊøóÎóÐõ áöáÓøõßúäóì¡ ÓóæóÇÁñ ßóÇäó ãóÈúäöíøðÇ ãöäú ÍóÌóÑò Ãóãú ßóÇäó ãöäú ÃóËúæóÇÈö ÔóÚúÑò Ãóæú ÕõæÝò. æóÝöÚúáõ ÇáäøóÍúÊö(8-È/220)
ÞóÇáó ÇáúãóáóÃõ ÇáøóÐöíäó ÇÓúÊóßúÈóÑõæÇ ãöäú Þóæúãöåö áöáøóÐöíäó ÇÓúÊõÖúÚöÝõæÇ áöãóäú Âãóäó ãöäúåõãú ÃóÊóÚúáóãõæäó Ãóäøó ÕóÇáöÍðÇ ãõÑúÓóáñ ãöäú ÑóÈøöåö ÞóÇáõæÇ ÅöäøóÇ ÈöãóÇ ÃõÑúÓöáó Èöåö ãõÄúãöäõæäó (75) ÞóÇáó ÇáøóÐöíäó ÇÓúÊóßúÈóÑõæÇ ÅöäøóÇ ÈöÇáøóÐöí ÂãóäúÊõãú Èöåö ßóÇÝöÑõæäó (76)
íóÊóÚóáøóÞõ ÈöÇáúÌöÈóÇáö áöÃóäøó ÇáäøóÍúÊó íóÊóÚóáøóÞõ ÈöÍöÌóÇÑóÉö ÇáúÌöÈóÇáö¡ æóÇäúÊóÕóÈó ÈõíõæÊÇð Úóáóì ÇáúÍóÇáö ãöäó ÇáúÌöÈóÇáö¡ Ãóíú ÕóÇÆöÑóÉð ÈóÚúÏó ÇáäøóÍúÊö ÈõíõæÊðÇ¡ ßóãóÇ íõÞóÇáõ: ÎöØú åóÐóÇ ÇáËøóæúÈó ÞóãöíÕðÇ¡ æóÇÈúÑö åóÐöåö ÇáúÞóÕóÈóÉó ÞóáóãðÇ¡ áöÃóäøó ÇáúÌóÈóáó áóÇ íóßõæäõ ÍóÇáõåõ ÍóÇáó ÇáúÈõíõæÊö æóÞúÊó ÇáäøóÍúÊö¡ æóáóßöäú íóÕöíÑõ ÈõíõæÊðÇ ÈóÚúÏó ÇáäøóÍúÊö.
æóãóÍóáøõ ÇáöÇãúÊöäóÇäö åõæó Ãóäú ÌóÚóáó ãóäóÇÒöáóåõãú ÞöÓúãóíúäö: ÞöÓúãñ ÕóÇáöÍñ áöáúÈöäóÇÁö Ýöíåö¡ æóÞöÓúãñ ÕóÇáöÍñ áöäóÍúÊö ÇáúÈõíõæÊö¡ Þöíáó: ßóÇäõæÇ íóÓúßõäõæäó Ýöí ÇáÕøóíúÝö ÇáúÞõÕõæÑó¡ æóÝöí ÇáÔøöÊóÇÁö ÇáúÈõíõæÊó ÇáúãóäúÍõæÊóÉó Ýöí ÇáúÌöÈóÇáö.
æóÊóÝúÑöíÚõ ÇáúÃóãúÑö ÈöÐößúÑö ÂáóÇÁö Çááøóåö Úóáóì Þóæúáöåö: æóÇÐúßõÑõæÇ ÅöÐú ÌóÚóáóßõãú ÎõáóÝÇÁó ãöäú ÈóÚúÏö ÚÇÏò ÊóÝúÑöíÚõ ÇáúÃóÚóãøö Úóáóì ÇáúÃóÎóÕøö¡ áöÃóäøóåõ ÃóãóÑóåõãú ÈöÐößúÑö äöÚúãóÊóíúäö¡ Ëõãøó ÃóãóÑóåõãú ÈöÐößúÑö ÌóãöíÚö ÇáäøöÚóãö ÇáøóÊöí áóÇ íõÍúÕõæäóåóÇ¡ ÝóßóÇäó åóÐóÇ ÈöãóäúÒöáóÉö ÇáÊøÐííá.
æóÝÚá: ÝóÇÐúßõÑõæÇ ãõÔúÊóÞøñ ãöäó ÇáúãóÕúÏóÑö¡ ÇáøóÐöí åõæó ÈöÖóãøö ÇáÐøóÇáö¡ æóåõæó ÇáÊøóÐóßøõÑõ ÈöÇáúÚóÞúáö æóÇáäøóÙóÑö ÇáäøóÝúÓóÇäöíøö¡ æóÊóÐóßøõÑõ ÇáúÂáóÇÁö íóÈúÚóËõ Úóáóì ÇáÔøõßúÑö æóÇáØøóÇÚóÉö æóÊóÑúßö ÇáúÝóÓóÇÏö¡ ÝóáöÐóáößó ÚóØóÝó äóåúíóåõãú Úóäö ÇáúÝóÓóÇÏö Ýöí ÇáúÃóÑúÖö Úóáóì ÇáúÃóãúÑö ÈöÐößúÑö ÂáóÇÁö Çááøóåö.
æóáÇ ÊóÚúËóæúÇ ãóÚúäóÇåõ æóáóÇ ÊõÝúÓöÏõæÇ¡ íõÞóÇáõ: ÚóËöíó ßóÑóÖöíó¡ æóåóÐóÇ ÇáúÃóÝúÕóÍõ¡ æóáöÐóáößó ÌóÇÁó Ýöí ÇáúÂíóÉö- ÈöÝóÊúÍö ÇáËøóÇÁö- Íöíäó ÃõÓúäöÏó Åöáóì æóÇæö ÇáúÌóãóÇÚóÉö¡ æóíõÞóÇáõ ÚóËóÇ íóÚúËõæ- ãöäú ÈóÇÈö ÓóãóÇ- ÚóËúæðÇ æóåöíó áõÛóÉñ Ïõæäó ÇáúÃõæáóì¡ æóÞóÇáó ßõÑóÇÚñ¡ ßóÃóäøóåõ ãóÞúáõæÈõ ÚóÇËó. æóÇáúÚóËúíõ æóÇáúÚóËúæõ ßõáøõåõ ÈöãóÚúäóì ÃóÝúÓóÏó ÃóÔóÏøó ÇáúÅöÝúÓóÇÏö.
æãÝÓÏíä ÍóÇáñ ãõÄóßøöÏóÉñ áöãóÚúäóì ÊóÚúËóæúÇ æóåõæó æóÅöäú ßóÇäó ÃóÚóãøó ãöäó ÇáúãõÄóßøóÏö ÝóÅöäøó ÇáÊøóÃúßöíÏó íóÍúÕõáõ ÈöÈóÚúÖö ãÚäì ÇáãÄßøÏ.
[75¡ 76]
[ÓõæÑóÉ ÇáúÃóÚúÑóÇÝ (7) : ÇáúÂíóÇÊ 75 Åöáóì 76]
ÞÇáó ÇáúãóáóÃõ ÇáøóÐöíäó ÇÓúÊóßúÈóÑõæÇ ãöäú Þóæúãöåö áöáøóÐöíäó ÇÓúÊõÖúÚöÝõæÇ áöãóäú Âãóäó ãöäúåõãú ÃóÊóÚúáóãõæäó Ãóäøó ÕÇáöÍÇð ãõÑúÓóáñ ãöäú ÑóÈøöåö ÞÇáõæÇ ÅöäøóÇ ÈöãÇ ÃõÑúÓöáó Èöåö ãõÄúãöäõæäó (75) ÞÇáó ÇáøóÐöíäó ÇÓúÊóßúÈóÑõæÇ ÅöäøóÇ ÈöÇáøóÐöí ÂãóäúÊõãú Èöåö ßÇÝöÑõæäó(8-È/221)
(76)
ÚóÏóáó ÇáúãóáóÃõ ÇáøóÐöíäó ÇÓúÊóßúÈóÑõæÇ Úóäú ãõÌóÇÏóáóÉö ÕóÇáöÍò Úóáóíúåö ÇáÓøóáóÇãõ Åöáóì ÇÎúÊöÈóÇÑö ÊóÕóáøõÈö ÇáøóÐöíäó ÂãóäõæÇ Èöåö Ýöí ÅöíãóÇäöåöãú¡ æóãõÍóÇæóáóÉö ÅöáúÞóÇÁö ÇáÔøóßøö Ýöí äõÝõæÓöåöãú¡ æóáóãøóÇ ßóÇäó ÎöØóÇÈõåõãú áöáúãõÄúãöäöíäó ãóÞúÕõæÏðÇ Èöåö ÅöÝúÓóÇÏõ ÏóÚúæóÉö ÕóÇáöÍò Úóáóíúåö ÇáÓøóáóÇãõ ßóÇäó ÎöØóÇÈõåõãú ÈöãóäúÒöáóÉö ÇáúãõÍóÇæóÑóÉö ãóÚó ÕóÇáöÍò Úóáóíúåö ÇáÓøóáóÇãõ¡ ÝóáöÐóáößó ÝõÕöáóÊú ÌõãúáóÉõ ÍößóÇíóÉö Þóæúáöåöãú Úóáóì ØóÑöíÞóÉö ÝóÕúáö Ìõãóáö ÍößóÇíóÉö ÇáúãõÍóÇæóÑóÇÊö¡ ßóãóÇ ÞóÏøóãúäóÇåõ ÛóíúÑó ãóÑøóÉò ÂäöÝðÇ æóÝöíãóÇ ãóÖóì.
æóÊóÞóÏøóãó ÊóÝúÓöíÑõ ÇáúãóáóÃö ÞóÑöíÈðÇ.
æóæóÕúÝõåõãú ÈöÇáøóÐöíäó ÇÓúÊóßúÈóÑõæÇ åõäóÇ áöÊóÝúÙöíÚö ßöÈúÑöåöãú æóÊóÚóÇÙõãöåöãú Úóáóì ÚóÇãøóÉö Þóæúãöåöãú æóÇÓúÊöÐúáóÇáöåöãú
ÅöíøóÇåõãú. æóáöáÊøóäúÈöíåö Úóáóì Ãóäøó ÇáøóÐöíäó ÂãóäõæÇ ÈöãóÇ ÌóÇÁóåõãú Èöåö ÕóÇáöÍñ Úóáóíúåö ÇáÓøóáóÇãõ åõãú ÖõÚóÝóÇÁõ Þóæúãöåö.
æóÇÎúÊöíóÇÑõ ØóÑöíÞö ÇáúãóæúÕõæáöíøóÉö Ýöí æóÕúÝöåöãú æóæóÕúÝö ÇáúÂÎóÑöíäó ÈöÇáøóÐöíäó ÇÓÊÖÚÝæÇ áãÇ ÊæãìÁ Åöáóíúåö ÇáÕøöáóÉõ ãöäú æóÌúåö ÕõÏõæÑö åóÐóÇ ÇáúßóáóÇãö ãöäúåõãú¡ Ãóíú Ãóäøó ÇÓúÊößúÈóÇÑóåõãú åõæó ÕóÇÑöÝõåõãú Úóä ØóÇÚóÉ äÈíÆåã¡ æóÃóäøó ÇÍúÊöÞóÇÑóåõãõ ÇáúãõÄúãöäöíäó åõæó ÇáøóÐöí áóãú íõÓöÛú ÚöäúÏóåõãú ÓóÈúÞóåõãú ÅöíøóÇåõãú Åöáóì ÇáúÎóíúÑö æóÇáúåõÏóì¡ ßóãóÇ Íóßóì Úóäú Þóæúãö äõæÍò Þóæúáóåõãú: æóãÇ äóÑÇßó ÇÊøóÈóÚóßó ÅöáøóÇ ÇáøóÐöíäó åõãú ÃóÑÇÐöáõäÇ ÈÇÏöíó ÇáÑøóÃúíö æóãÇ äóÑì áóßõãú ÚóáóíúäÇ ãöäú ÝóÖúáò
[åæÏ: 27] æóßóãóÇ Íóßóì Úóäú ßõÝøóÇÑö ÞõÑóíúÔò ÈöÞóæúáöåö: æóÞÇáó ÇáøóÐöíäó ßóÝóÑõæÇ áöáøóÐöíäó ÂãóäõæÇ áóæú ßÇäó ÎóíúÑÇð ãóÇ ÓóÈóÞõæäÇ Åöáóíúåö æóÅöÐú áóãú íóåúÊóÏõæÇ Èöåö ÝóÓóíóÞõæáõæäó åóÐóÇ ÅöÝúßñ ÞóÏöíãñ [ÇáúÃóÍúÞóÇÝ: 11] ¡ æóáöåóÐóÇ áóãú íõæÕóÝõæÇ ÈöÇáúßõÝúÑö ßóãóÇ æõÕöÝó Èöåö Þóæúãõ åõæÏò.
æóÇáøóÐöíäó ÇÓúÊõÖúÚöÝõæÇ åõãú ÚóÇãøóÉõ ÇáäøóÇÓö ÇáøóÐöíäó ÃóÐóáøóåõãú ÚõÙóãóÇÄõåõãú æóÇÓúÊóÚúÈóÏõæåõãú áöÃóäøó ÒóÚóÇãóÉó ÇáøóÐöíäó ÇÓúÊóßúÈóÑõæÇ ßóÇäóÊú ÞóÇÆöãóÉð Úóáóì ÇáÓøöíóÇÏóÉö ÇáÏøõäúíóæöíøóÉö ÇáúÎóáöíøóÉö Úóäú(8-È/222)
ÎöáóÇáö ÇáúÝóÖöíáóÉö¡ ãöäó ÇáúÚóÏúáö æóÇáÑøóÃúÝóÉö æóÍõÈøö ÇáúÅöÕúáóÇÍö¡ ÝóáöÐóáößó æõÕöÝó ÇáúãóáóÃõ ÈöÇáøóÐöíäó ÇÓúÊóßúÈóÑõæÇ¡ æóÃõØúáöÞó Úóáóì ÇáúÚóÇãøóÉö æóÕúÝõ ÇáøóÐöíäó ÇÓúÊõÖúÚöÝõæÇ.
æóÇááøóÇãõ Ýöí Þóæúáöåö: áöáøóÐöíäó ÇÓúÊõÖúÚöÝõæÇ áöÊóÚúÏöíóÉö ÝöÚúáö ÇáúÞóæúáö.
æóÞóæúáõåõ: áöãóäú Âãóäó ãöäúåõãú ÈóÏóáñ ãöäú áöáøóÐöíäó ÇÓúÊõÖúÚöÝõæÇ ÈöÅöÚóÇÏóÉö ÍóÑúÝö ÇáúÌóÑøö ÇáøóÐöí ÌõÑøó ÈöãöËúáöåö ÇáúãõÈóÏóáõ ãöäúåõ.
æóÇáöÇÓúÊöÝúåóÇãõ Ýöí ÃóÊóÚúáóãõæäó áöáÊøóÔúßöíßö æóÇáúÅöäúßóÇÑö¡ Ãóíú: ãóÇ äóÙõäøõßõãú ÂãóäúÊõãú ÈöÕóÇáöÍò Úóáóíúåö ÇáÓøóáóÇãõ Úóäú Úöáúãò ÈöÕöÏúÞöåö¡ æóáóßöäøóßõãõ ÇÊøóÈóÚúÊõãõæåõ Úóäú Úóãðì æóÖóáóÇáò ÛóíúÑó ãõæÞöäöíäó¡ ßóãóÇ ÞóÇáó Þóæúãõ äõæÍò Úóáóíúåö ÇáÓøóáóÇãõ: æóãÇ äóÑÇßó ÇÊøóÈóÚóßó ÅöáøóÇ ÇáøóÐöíäó åõãú ÃóÑÇÐöáõäÇ ÈÇÏöíó ÇáÑøóÃúíö [åæÏ: 27] æóÝöí Ðóáößó ÔóæúÈñ ãöäó ÇáöÇÓúÊöåúÒóÇÁö.
æóÞóÏú ÌöíÁó Ýöí ÌóæóÇÈ áöáøóÐöíäó ÇÓúÊõÖúÚöÝõæÇ ÈöÇáúÌõãúáóÉö ÇáöÇÓúãöíøóÉö áöáÏøóáóÇáóÉö Úóáóì Ãóäøó ÇáúÅöíãóÇäó ãõÊóãóßøöäñ ãöäúåõãú ÈöãóÒöíÏö ÇáËøóÈóÇÊö¡ Ýóáóãú íóÊúÑõßõæÇ áöáøóÐöíäó ÇÓúÊóßúÈóÑõæÇ ãóØúãóÚðÇ Ýöí ÊóÔúßöíßöåöãú¡ Èóáúåó ÕóÑúÝóåõãú Úóäö ÇáúÅöíãóÇäö ÈöÑóÓõæáöåöãú.
æóÃóßøóÏó ÇáúÎóÈóÑõ ÈöÍóÑúÝö (Åöäøó) áöÅöÒóÇáóÉö ãóÇ Êóæóåøóãõæåõ ãöäú Ôóßøö ÇáøóÐöíäó ÇÓúÊóßúÈóÑõæÇ Ýöí ÕöÍøóÉö ÅöíãóÇäöåöãú¡ æóÇáúÚõÏõæáõ Ýöí ÍößóÇíóÉö ÌóæóÇÈö ÇáøóÐöíäó ÇÓúÊõÖúÚöÝõæÇ Úóäú Ãóäú íóßõæäó ÈöäóÚóãú Åöáóì Ãóäú íóßõæäó ÈöÇáúãóæúÕõæáö ÕöáóÊõåõ áöÃóäøó ÇáÕøöáóÉó ÊóÊóÖóãøóäõ ÅöÏúãóÇÌðÇ ÈöÊóÕúÏöíÞöåöãú ÈöãóÇ ÌóÇÁó Èöåö ÕóÇáöÍñ ãöäú äóÍúæö ÇáÊøóæúÍöíÏö æóÅöËúÈóÇÊö ÇáúÈóÚúËö¡ æóÇáÏøóáóÇáóÉö Úóáóì Êóãóßøõäöåöãú ãöäó ÇáúÅöíãóÇäö ÈöÐóáößó ßõáøöåö ÈöãóÇ ÊõÝöíÏõåõ ÇáúÌõãúáóÉõ ÇáöÇÓúãöíøóÉõ ãöäó
ÇáËøóÈóÇÊö æóÇáÏøóæóÇãö æóåóÐóÇ ãöäú ÈóáöíÛö ÇáúÅöíÌóÇÒö ÇáúãõäóÇÓöÈö áößóæúäö äóÓúÌö åóÐöåö ÇáúÌõãúáóÉö ãöäú ÍößóÇíóÉö ÇáúÞõÑúÂäö áóÇ ãöäó ÇáúãóÍúßöíøö ãöäú ßóáóÇãöåöãú ÅöÐú áóÇ íõÙóäøõ Ãóäøó ßóáóÇãóåõãú ÈóáóÛó ãöäó ÇáúÈóáóÇÛóÉö åóÐóÇ ÇáúãóÈúáóÛó¡ æóáóíúÓó åõæó ãöäó ÇáúÃõÓúáõæÈö ÇáúÍóßöíãö ßóãóÇ Ýóåöãóåõ ÈóÚúÖõ ÇáúãõÊóÃóÎøöÑöíäó.
æóãõÑóÇÌóÚóÉõ ÇáøóÐöíäó ÇÓúÊóßúÈóÑõæÇ ÈöÞóæúáöåöãú: ÅöäøóÇ ÈöÇáøóÐöí ÂãóäúÊõãú Èöåö ßÇÝöÑõæäó ÊóÏõáøõ Úóáóì ÊóÕóáøõÈöåöãú Ýöí ßõÝúÑöåöãú æóËóÈóÇÊöåöãú Ýöíåö¡ ÅöÐú ÕöíÛó ßóáóÇãõåõãú ÈöÇáúÌõãúáóÉö ÇáöÇÓúãöíøóÉö ÇáúãõÄóßøóÏóÉö.
æóÇáúãóæúÕõæáõ Ýöí Þóæúáöåöãú: ÈöÇáøóÐöí ÂãóäúÊõãú Èöåö åõæó ãóÇ ÃõÑúÓöáó Èöåö ÕóÇáöÍñ Úóáóíúåö ÇáÓøóáóÇãõ. æóåóÐóÇ ßóáóÇãñ ÌóÇãöÚñ áöÑóÏøö ãóÇ ÌóãóÚóåõ ßóáóÇãõ ÇáúãõÓúÊóÖúÚóÝöíäó Íöíäó(8-È/223)
ÝóÚóÞóÑõæÇ ÇáäøóÇÞóÉó æóÚóÊóæúÇ Úóäú ÃóãúÑö ÑóÈøöåöãú æóÞóÇáõæÇ íóÇ ÕóÇáöÍõ ÇÆúÊöäóÇ ÈöãóÇ ÊóÚöÏõäóÇ Åöäú ßõäúÊó ãöäó ÇáúãõÑúÓóáöíäó (77) ÝóÃóÎóÐóÊúåõãõ ÇáÑøóÌúÝóÉõ ÝóÃóÕúÈóÍõæÇ Ýöí ÏóÇÑöåöãú ÌóÇËöãöíäó (78)
ÞÇáõæÇ ÅöäøóÇ ÈöãÇ ÃõÑúÓöáó Èöåö ãõÄúãöäõæäó Ýóåõæó ãöäú ÈóáóÇÛóÉö ÇáúÞõÑúÂäö Ýöí ÍößóÇíóÉö ßóáóÇãöåöãú æóáóíúÓó ãöäú ÈóáóÇÛóÉö ßóáóÇãöåöãú.
Ëõãøó Åöäøó ÊóÞúÏöíãó ÇáúãóÌúÑõæÑóíúäö Ýöí Þóæúáöåö: ÈöãÇ ÃõÑúÓöáó Èöåö æÈöÇáøóÐöí ÂãóäúÊõãú Èöåö Úóáóì ÚóÇãöáóíúåöãóÇ íóÌõæÒõ Ãóäú íóßõæäó ãöäú äóÙúãö ÍößóÇíóÉö ßóáóÇãöåöãú æóáóíúÓó áóåõ ãõÚóÇÏöáñ Ýöí ßóáóÇãöåöãõ ÇáúãóÍúßöíøö¡ æóÅöäøóãóÇ åõæó áöÊóÊóÞóæøóãó ÇáúÝóÇÕöáóÊóÇäö¡ æóíóÌõæÒõ Ãóäú íóßõæäó ãöäó ÇáúãóÍúßöíøö: ÈöÃóäú íóßõæäó Ýöí ßóáóÇãöåöãú ãóÇ Ïóáøó Úóáóì ÇáöÇåúÊöãóÇãö ÈöãóÏúáõæáö ÇáúãóæúÕõæáóíúäö¡ ÝóÌóÇÁó Ýöí äóÙúãö ÇáúÂíóÉö ãóÏúáõæáðÇ Úóáóíúåö ÈöÊóÞúÏöíãö ÇáúãóÚúãõæáóíúäö.
æóÞóÑóÃó ÇáúÌõãúåõæÑõ: ÞÇáó ÇáúãóáóÃõ ÈöÏõæäö ÚóØúÝò ÌóÑúíðÇ Úóáóì ØóÑöíÞóÉö ÃóãúËóÇáöåö Ýöí ÍößóÇíóÉö ÇáúãõÍóÇæóÑóÇÊö. æóÞóÑóÃóåõ ÇÈúäõ ÚóÇãöÑò: æóÞóÇáó- ÈöÍóÑúÝö ÇáúÚóØúÝö- æóËóÈóÊóÊö ÇáúæóÇæõ Ýöí ÇáúãõÕúÍóÝö ÇáúãóÈúÚõæËö Åöáóì ÇáÔøóÇãö ÎöáóÇÝðÇ áöØóÑöíÞóÉö äóÙóÇÆöÑöåóÇ¡ æóåõæó ÚóØúÝñ Úóáóì ßóáóÇãò ãõÞóÏøóÑò Ïóáøó Úóáóíúåö Þóæúáõåõ:
ÞÇáõæÇ ÅöäøóÇ ÈöãÇ ÃõÑúÓöáó Èöåö ãõÄúãöäõæäó æóÇáÊøóÞúÏöíÑõ: ÝóÂãóäó Èöåö ÈóÚúÖõ Þóæúãöåö¡ æóÞóÇáó ÇáúãóáóÃõ ãöäú Þóæúãöåö ÅöáóÎú¡ Ãóæú åõæó ÚóØúÝñ Úóáóì: ÞÇáó íóÇ Þóæúãö ÇÚúÈõÏõæÇ Çááøóåó [ÇáúÃóÚúÑóÇÝ: 73] ÇáúÂíóÉó¡ æóãõÎóÇáóÝóÉõ äóÙóÇÆöÑå ÊÝäøä.
[77¡ 78]
[ÓõæÑóÉ ÇáúÃóÚúÑóÇÝ (7) : ÇáúÂíóÇÊ 77 Åöáóì 78]
ÝóÚóÞóÑõæÇ ÇáäøóÇÞóÉó æóÚóÊóæúÇ Úóäú ÃóãúÑö ÑóÈøöåöãú æóÞÇáõæÇ íóÇ ÕÇáöÍõ ÇÆúÊöäÇ ÈöãÇ ÊóÚöÏõäÇ Åöäú ßõäúÊó ãöäó ÇáúãõÑúÓóáöíäó (77) ÝóÃóÎóÐóÊúåõãõ ÇáÑøóÌúÝóÉõ ÝóÃóÕúÈóÍõæÇ Ýöí ÏÇÑöåöãú ÌÇËöãöíäó (78)
ÇáúÝóÇÁõ áöáÊøóÚúÞöíÈö áöÍößóÇíóÉö Þóæúáö ÇáøóÐöíäó ÇÓúÊóßúÈóÑõæÇ: ÅöäøóÇ ÈöÇáøóÐöí ÂãóäúÊõãú Èöåö ßÇÝöÑõæäó [ÇáúÃóÚúÑóÇÝ:
76] ¡ Ãóíú ÞóÇáõæÇ Ðóáößó ÝóÚóÞóÑõæÇ¡ æóÇáÊøóÚúÞöíÈõ Ýöí ßõáøö ÔóíúÁò ÈöÍóÓóÈöåö¡ æóÐóáößó Ãóäøóåõãú Íöíäó ÞóÇáõæÇ Ðóáößó ßóÇäõæÇ ÞóÏú ÕóÏóÚõæÇ ÈöÇáÊøóßúÐöíÈö¡ æóÕóãøóãõæÇ Úóáóíúåö¡ æóÚóÌóÒõæÇ Úóäö ÇáúãõÍóÇÌøóÉö æóÇáöÇÓúÊöÏúáóÇáö¡ ÝóÚóÒóãõæÇ Úóáóì ÇáúãóÕöíÑö Åöáóì ÇáäøößóÇíóÉö æóÇáúÅöÛóÇÙóÉö áöÕóÇáöÍò Úóáóíúåö ÇáÓøóáóÇãõ æóãóäú Âãóäó Èöåö¡ æóÑóÓóãõæÇ áöÇÈúÊöÏóÇÁö Úóãóáöåöãú Ãóäú íóÚúÊóÏõæÇ Úóáóì ÇáäøóÇÞóÉö(8-È/224)
ÇáøóÊöí ÌóÚóáóåóÇ ÕóÇáöÍñ Úóáóíúåö ÇáÓøóáóÇãõ áóåõãú¡ æóÃóÞóÇãóåóÇ- Èóíúäóåõ æóÈóíúäóåõãú- ÚóáóÇãóÉó ãõæóÇÏóÚóÉò ãóÇ ÏóÇãõæÇ ÛóíúÑó ãõÊóÚóÑøöÖöíäó áóåóÇ ÈöÓõæÁò¡ æóãóÞúÕöÏõåõãú ãöäú äöíøóÊöåöãú ÅöåúáóÇßõ ÇáäøóÇÞóÉö Ãóäú íõÒöíáõæÇ ÂíóÉó ÕóÇáöÍò Úóáóíúåö ÇáÓøóáóÇãõ áöÆóáøóÇ íóÒöíÏó ÚóÏóÏõ ÇáúãõÄúãöäöíäó Èöåö¡ áöÃóäøó ãõÔóÇåóÏóÉó ÂíóÉö äõÈõæÁóÊöåö ÓóÇáöãóÉð Èóíúäóåõãú ÊõËöíÑõ Ýöí
äõÝõæÓö ßóËöíÑò ãöäúåõãõ ÇáöÇÓúÊöÏúáóÇáó Úóáóì ÕöÏúÞöåö æóÇáöÇÓúÊöÆúäóÇÓó áöÐóáößó ÈöÓõßõæÊö ßõÈóÑóÇÆöåöãú æóÊóÞúÑöíÑöåöãú áóåóÇ Úóáóì ãóÑúÚóÇåóÇ æóÔõÑúÈöåóÇ¡ æóáöÃóäøó Ýöí ÇÚúÊöÏóÇÆöåöãú ÚóáóíúåóÇ ÅöíÐóÇäðÇ ãöäúåõã ÈÊÍÝÒåã ááÅÖÑÇÑ ÈöÕóÇáöÍò Úóáóíúåö ÇáÓøóáóÇãõ æóÈöãóäú Âãóäó Èöåö ÈóÚúÏó Ðóáößó æóáöíõÑõæÇ ÕóÇáöÍðÇ Úóáóíúåö ÇáÓøáÇã Ãäøåã ãÓÊÎÝøæä ÈöæóÚöíÏöåö ÅöÐú ÞóÇáó áóåõãú: æóáÇ ÊóãóÓøõæåÇ ÈöÓõæÁò ÝóíóÃúÎõÐóßõãú ÚóÐÇÈñ Ãóáöíãñ [ÇáúÃóÚúÑóÇÝ: 73] .
æóÇáÖøóãöíÑõ Ýöí Þóæúáöåö: ÝóÚóÞóÑõæÇ ÚóÇÆöÏñ Åöáóì ÇáøóÐöíäó ÇÓúÊóßúÈóÑõæÇ [ÇáúÃóÚúÑóÇÝ: 75] ¡ æóÞóÏú ÃõÓúäöÏó ÇáúÚõÞúÑõ Åöáóíúåöãú æóÅöäú ßóÇäó ÝóÇÚöáõåõ æóÇÍöÏðÇ ãöäúåõãú áöÃóäøóåõ ßóÇäó Úóäú ÊóãóÇáõÆò æóÑöÖðì ãöäú ÌóãöíÚö ÇáúßõÈóÑóÇÁö¡ ßóãóÇ Ïóáøó Úóáóíúåö Þóæúáõåõ ÊóÚóÇáóì Ýöí ÓõæÑóÉö ÇáúÞóãóÑö [29] : ÝóäÇÏóæúÇ ÕÇÍöÈóåõãú ÝóÊóÚÇØì ÝóÚóÞóÑó¡ æóåóÐóÇ ßóÞóæúáö ÇáäøóÇÈöÛóÉö Ýöí ÔóÃúäö Èóäöí Íõäøò:
æóåõãú ÞóÊóáõæÇ ÇáØøóÇÆöíøó ÈöÇáúÌóæøö ÚóäúæóÉð æóÅöäøóãóÇ ÞóÊóáóåõ æóÇÍöÏñ ãöäúåõãú æóÐõßöÑó Ýöí ÇáúÃóËóÑö: Ãóäøó ÇáøóÐöí Êæáøì ÚÞÑ ÇáäøóÇÞóÉó ÑóÌõáñ ãöäú ÓóÇÏóÊöåöãõ ÇÓúãõåõ (ÞõÏóÇÑõ) - ÈöÖóãøö ÇáúÞóÇÝö æóÏóÇáøò ãõåúãóáóÉò ãõÎóÝøóÝóÉò æóÑóÇÁò Ýöí ÂÎöÑöåö- ÇÈúäõ ÓóÇáöÝò.
æóÝöí ÍóÏöíËö ÇáúÈõÎóÇÑöíøö Ãäø ÇáäÈíÁ Õóáøóì Çááåõ Úóáóíúåö æóÓóáøóãó ÐóßóÑó Ýöí ÎõØúÈóÊöåö ÇáøóÐöí ÚóÞóÑó ÇáäøóÇÞóÉó ÝóÞóÇáó: ÇäúÈóÚóËó áóåóÇ ÑóÌõáñ ÚóÒöíÒñ ÚóÇÑöãñ (1) ãóäöíÚñ Ýöí ÑóåúØöåö ãöËúáõ ÃóÈöí ÒóãúÚóÉó
(2) .
æóÇáúÚõÞúÑõ: ÍóÞöíÞóÊõåõ ÇáúÌóÑúÍõ ÇáúÈóáöíÛõ¡ ÞóÇáó ÇãúÑõÄõ ÇáúÞóíúÓö:
ÊóÞõæáõ æóÞóÏú ãóÇáó ÇáúÛóÈöíØõ ÈöäóÇ ãóÚðÇ ... ÚóÞóÑúÊó ÈöÚöíÑöí íóÇ ÇãúÑóÃó ÇáúÞóíúÓö ÝóÇäúÒöáö
Ãóíú ÌóÑóÍúÊóåõ ÈöÇÍúÊößóÇßö ÇáúÛóÈöíØö Ýöí ÙóåúÑöåö ãöäú ãóíúáöåö Åöáóì ÌöåóÉò¡ æóíõØúáóÞõ ÇáúÚóÞúÑõ Úóáóì ÞóØúÚö ÚõÖúæö ÇáúÍóíóæóÇäö¡ æóãöäúåõ Þóæúáõåõãú¡ ÚóÞóÑó ÍöãóÇÑó æóÍúÔò¡ Ãóíú ÖóÑóÈóåõ ÈöÇáÑøõãúÍö
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(1) ÇáÚÇÑã- ÈöÚóíä ãõåúãáóÉ- ÇáÌÈøÇÑ.
(2) ÃóÈõæ ÒóãÚóÉ åõæó ÇáúÃÓæÏ Èä ÇáãØøáÈ ÇáúÞÑÔöí ãóÇÊó ßóÇÝöÑðÇ.(8-È/225)
ÝóÞóØóÚó ãöäúåõ ÚõÖúæðÇ¡ æóßóÇäõæÇ íóÚúÞöÑõæäó ÇáúÈóÚöíÑó ÇáúãõÑóÇÏó äóÍúÑõåõ ÈöÞóØúÚö ÚõÖúæò ãöäúåõ ÍóÊøóì áóÇ íóÓúÊóØöíÚó ÇáúåõÑõæÈó ÚöäúÏó ÇáäøóÍúÑö¡ ÝóáöÐóáößó ÃØáÞ ÇáúÚÞÑ Úóä ÇáäøóÍúÑö Úóáóì æóÌúåö ÇáúßöäóÇíóÉö ÞóÇáó ÇãúÑõÄõ ÇáúÞóíúÓö:
æóíóæúãó ÚóÞóÑúÊõ áöáúÚóÐóÇÑóì ãóØöíøóÊöí æóãóÇ Ýöí åóÐöåö ÇáúÂíóÉö ßóÐóáößó.
æóÇáúÚõÊõæøõ ÊóÌóÇæõÒõ ÇáúÍóÏøö Ýöí ÇáúßÈÑ¡ æÊÚÏíÊå È (ãä) áöÊóÖúãöíäöåö ãóÚúäóì ÇáúÅöÚúÑóÇÖö.
æóÃóãúÑõ ÑóÈøöåöãú åõæó ãóÇ ÃóãóÑóåõãú Èöåö Úóáóì áöÓóÇäö ÕóÇáöÍò Úóáóíúåö ÇáÓøóáóÇãõ ãöäú Þóæúáöåö: æóáÇ ÊóãóÓøõæåÇ ÈöÓõæÁò [ÇáúÃóÚúÑóÇÝ: 73] ÝóÚõÈøöÑó Úóäö Çáäøóåúíö ÈöÇáúÃóãúÑö áöÃóäøó Çáäøóåúíó Úóäö ÇáÔøóíúÁö ãóÞúÕõæÏñ ãöäúåõ ÇáúÃóãúÑõ ÈöÝöÚúáö ÖöÏøöåö¡ æóáöÐóáößó íóÞõæáõ ÚõáóãóÇÁõ ÇáúÃõÕõæáö Åöäøó Çáäøóåúíó Úóäö ÇáÔøóíúÁö íóÓúÊóáúÒöãõ ÇáúÃóãúÑó ÈöÖöÏøöåö ÇáøóÐöí íóÍúÕõáõ Èöåö ÊóÍóÞøõÞõ ÇáúßóÝøö Úóäö Çáúãóäúåöíøö Úóäúåõ.
æóÃóÑóÇÏõæÇ: ÈöãÇ ÊóÚöÏõäÇ ÇáúÚóÐóÇÈó ÇáøóÐöí ÊóæóÚøóÏóåõãú Èöåö ãõÌúãóáðÇ. æóÌöíÁó ÈöÇáúãóæúÕõæáö áöáÏøóáóÇáóÉö Úóáóì Ãóäøóåõãú áóÇ íóÎúÔóæúäó ÔóíúÆðÇ ãöãøóÇ íõÑöíÏõåõ ãöäó ÇáúæóÚöíÏö ÇáúãõÌúãóáö. ÝóÇáúãõÑóÇÏõ ÈöãóÇ ÊóÊóæóÚøóÏõäóÇ Èöåö æóÕöíÛóÊú ÕöáóÉõ ÇáúãóæúÕõæáö ãöäú ãóÇÏøóÉö ÇáúæóÚúÏö áöÃóäøóåõ ÃóÎóÝøõ ãä ãóÇÏøóÉ ÇáúæóÚúÏ.
æóÞóÏú ÝóÑóÖõæÇ ßóæúäóåõ ãöäó ÇáúãõÑúÓóáöíäó ÈöÍóÑúÝö (Åöäö) ÇáÏøóÇáøö Úóáóì ÇáÔøóßøö Ýöí ÍõÕõæáö ÇáÔøóÑúØö¡ Ãóíú Åöäú ßõäúÊó ãöäó ÇáÑøõÓõáö Úóäö Çááøóåö ÝóÇáúãõÑóÇÏõ ÈöÇáúãõÑúÓóáöíäó ãóäú ÕóÏóÞó Úóáóíúåöãú åóÐóÇ ÇááøóÞóÈõ. æóåóÄõáóÇÁö áöÌóåúáöåöãú ÈöÍóÞöíÞóÉö ÊóÕóÑøõÝö Çááøóåö ÊóÚóÇáóì æóÍößúãóÊöåö¡ íóÍúÓóÈõæäó Ãóäøó ÊóÕóÑøõÝóÇÊö Çááøóåö ßóÊóÕóÑøõÝóÇÊö ÇáúÎóáúÞö¡ ÝóÅöÐóÇ ÃóÑúÓóáó ÑóÓõæáðÇ æóáóãú íõÕóÏøöÞúåõ ÇáúãõÑúÓóáõ Åöáóíúåöãú ÛóÖöÈó Çááøóåõ æóÇäúÏóÝóÚó Åöáóì ÅöäúÒóÇáö ÇáúÚöÞóÇÈö Åöáóíúåöãú¡ æóáóÇ íóÚúáóãõæäó Ãóäøó Çááøóåó íõãúåöáõ ÇáÙøóÇáöãöíäó Ëõãøó íóÃúÎõÐóåõãú ãóÊóì ÔóÇÁó.
æóÌõãúáóÉõ ÝóÃóÎóÐóÊúåõãõ ÇáÑøóÌúÝóÉõ ãõÚúÊóÑöÖóÉñ Èóíúäó ÌõãúáóÉö ÝóÚóÞóÑõæÇ ÇáäøóÇÞóÉó æóÈóíúäó ÌõãúáóÉö ÝóÊóæóáøóì Úóäúåõãú [ÇáúÃóÚúÑóÇÝ: 79] ÃõÑöíÏõ ÈöÇÚúÊöÑóÇÖöåóÇ ÇáÊøóÚúÌöíáõ ÈöÇáúÎóÈóÑö Úóäú äóÝóÇÐö ÇáúæóÚöíÏö Ýöíåöãú ÈöÚóÞöÈö ÚõÊõæøöåöãú¡ ÝóÇáÊøóÚúÞöíÈõ ÚõÑúÝöíøñ¡ Ãóíú áóãú íóßõäú Èóíúäó ÇáúÚõÞúÑö æóÈóíúäó ÇáÑøóÌúÝóÉö Òóãóäñ Øóæöíáñ¡ ßóÇäó ÈóíúäóåõãóÇ ËóáóÇËóÉõ ÃóíøóÇãò¡ ßóãóÇ æóÑóÏó Ýöí ÂíóÉö ÓõæÑóÉö åõæÏò(8-È/226)
: ÝóÚóÞóÑõæåÇ ÝóÞÇáó ÊóãóÊøóÚõæÇ Ýöí ÏÇÑößõãú ËóáÇËóÉó ÃóíøóÇãò Ðáößó æóÚúÏñ ÛóíúÑõ ãóßúÐõæÈò.
æóÃóÕúáõ ÇáúÃóÎúÐö ÊóäóÇæõáõ ÔóíúÁò ÈöÇáúíóÏö¡ æóíõÓúÊóÚúãóáõ ãóÌóÇÒðÇ Ýöí ãöáúßö ÇáÔøóíúÁö¡ ÈöÚóáóÇÞóÉö ÇááøõÒõæãö¡ æóíõÓúÊóÚúãóáõ ÃóíúÖðÇ Ýöí ÇáúÞóåúÑö ßóÞóæúáöåö: ÝóÃóÎóÐóåõãõ Çááøóåõ ÈöÐõäõæÈöåöãú [ÇáúÃóäúÝóÇá: 52] ¡ ÝóÃóÎóÐóåõãú ÃóÎúÐóÉð ÑÇÈöíóÉð [ÇáÍÇÞÉ: 10] æóÃóÎúÐõ ÇáÑøóÌúÝóÉö: ÅöåúáóÇßõåóÇ ÅöíøóÇåõãú æóÅöÍóÇØóÊõåóÇ Èöåöãú ÅöÍóÇØóÉó ÇáúÂÎöÐö. æóáóÇ Ôóßøó Ãóäøó Çááøóåó äóÌøóì ÕóÇáöÍðÇ Úóáóíúåö ÇáÓøóáóÇãõ æóÇáøóÐöíäó ÂãóäõæÇ ãóÚóåõ¡ ßóãóÇ Ýöí ÂíóÉö ÓõæÑóÉö åõæÏò. æóÞóÏú Ñõæöíó Ãóäøóåõ ÎóÑóÌó Ýöí ãöÇÆóÉò æóÚóÔóÑóÉò ãöäó ÇáúãõÄúãöäöíäó¡ ÝóÞöíáó: äóÒóáõæÇ ÑóãúáóÉó ÝöáóÓúØöíäó¡ æóÞöíáó: ÊóÈóÇÚóÏõæÇ Úóäú ÏöíóÇÑö Þóæúãöåöãú ÈöÍóíúËõ íóÑóæúäóåóÇ¡ ÝóáóãøóÇ ÃóÎóÐóÊúåõãõ ÇáÑøóÌúÝóÉõ æóåóáóßõæÇ ÚóÇÏó ÕóÇáöÍñ Úóáóíúåö ÇáÓøóáóÇãõ æóãóäú Âãóäó ãóÚóåõ ÝóÓóßóäõæÇ ÏöíóÇÑóåõãú¡ æóÞöíáó: ÓóßóäõæÇ ãóßøóÉó æóÃóäøó ÕóÇáöÍðÇ Úóáóíúåö ÇáÓøóáóÇãõ ÏõÝöäó ÈöåóÇ¡ æóåóÐóÇ ÈóÚöíÏñ ßóãóÇ ÞõáúäóÇåõ Ýöí ÚóÇÏò¡ æóãöäú Ãóåúáö ÇáúÃóäúÓóÇÈö ãóäú íóÞõæáõ: Åöäøó ËóÞöíÝðÇ ãöäú ÈóÞóÇíóÇ ËóãõæÏó¡ Ãóíú ãöäú ÐõÑøöíøóÉö ãóäú äóÌóÇ ãöäúåõãú ãöäó ÇáúÚóÐóÇÈö¡ æóáóãú íóÐúßõÑö ÇáúÞõÑúÂäõ Ãóäøó ËóãõæÏðÇ ÇäúÞóØóÚó ÏóÇÈöÑõåõãú ÝóíóÌõæÒõ Ãóäú Êóßõæäó ãöäúåõãú ÈóÞöíøóÉñ.
æóÇáÑøóÌúÝóÉõ: ÇÖúØöÑóÇÈõ ÇáúÃóÑúÖö æóÇÑúÊöÌóÇÌõåóÇ¡ ÝóÊóßõæäõ ãöäú ÍóæóÇÏöËó ÓóãóÇæöíøóÉò ßóÇáÑøöíóÇÍö ÇáúÚóÇÕöÝóÉö æóÇáÕøóæóÇÚöÞö¡ æóÊóßõæäõ ãöäú ÃóÓúÈóÇÈò ÃóÑúÖöíøóÉò ßóÇáÒøóáóÇÒöáö¡ ÝóÇáÑøóÌúÝóÉõ ÇÓúãñ áöáúÍóÇáóÉö ÇáúÍóÇÕöáóÉö¡ æóÞóÏú ÓóãøóÇåóÇ Ýöí ÓõæÑóÉö åõæÏò ÈöÇáÕøóíúÍóÉö ÝóÚóáöãúäóÇ Ãóäøó ÇáøóÐöí ÃóÕóÇÈó ËóãõæÏó åõæó ÕóÇÚöÞóÉñ Ãóæú ÕóæóÇÚöÞõ ãõÊóæóÇáöíóÉñ ÑóÌóÝóÊú ÃóÑúÖóåõãú æóÃóåúáóßóÊúåõãú ÕóÚöÞöíäó¡ æóíõÍúÊóãóáõ Ãóä ÊÞÇÑäåÇ ÒáÇÒá ÃóÑúÖöíøóÉñ.
æóÇáÏøóÇÑõ: ÇáúãóßóÇäõ ÇáøóÐöí íóÍúÊóáøõåõ ÇáúÞóæúãõ¡ æóåõæó íõÝúÑóÏõ æóíõÌúãóÚõ ÈöÇÚúÊöÈóÇÑóíúäö¡ ÝóáöÐóáößó ÞóÇáó Ýöí ÂíóÉö ÓõæÑóÉö åõæÏò: ÝóÃóÕúÈóÍõæÇ Ýöí ÏöíÇÑöåöãú ÌÇËöãöíäó. ÝóÃóÕúÈóÍõæÇ åõäóÇ ÈöãóÚúäóì ÕóÇÑõæÇ.
æóÇáúÌóÇËöãõ: ÇáúãõßöÈøõ Úóáóì ÕóÏúÑöåö Ýöí ÇáúÃóÑúÖö ãóÚó ÞóÈúÖö ÓóÇÞóíúåö ßóãóÇ íóÌúËõæ ÇáúÃóÑúäóÈõ¡ æóáóãøóÇ ßóÇäó Ðóáößó ÃóÔóÏøó ÓõßõæäðÇ æóÇäúÞöØóÇÚðÇ Úóäö ÇÖúØöÑóÇÈö ÇáúÃóÚúÖóÇÁö ÇÓúÊõÚúãöáó Ýöí ÇáúÂíóÉö ßöäóÇíóÉð Úóäú åõãõæÏö ÇáúÌõËøóÉö ÈöÇáúãóæúÊö¡ æóíóÌõæÒõ Ãóäú íóßõæäó ÇáúãõÑóÇÏõ ÊóÔúÈöíåó ÍóÇáóÉö æõÞõæÚöåöãú Úóáóì æõÌõæåöåöãú Íöíäó ÕõÚöÞõæÇ ÈöÍóÇáóÉö ÇáúÌóÇËöãö ÊóÝúÙöíÚðÇ áöåóíúÆóÉö ãöíÊóÊóåõãú¡ æóÇáúãóÚúäóì Ãóäøóåõãú(8-È/227)
ÝóÊóæóáøóì Úóäúåõãú æóÞóÇáó íóÇ Þóæúãö áóÞóÏú ÃóÈúáóÛúÊõßõãú ÑöÓóÇáóÉó ÑóÈøöí æóäóÕóÍúÊõ áóßõãú æóáóßöäú áóÇ ÊõÍöÈøõæäó ÇáäøóÇÕöÍöíäó (79)
ÃóÕúÈóÍõæÇ ÌõËóËðÇ åóÇãöÏóÉð ãóíøöÊóÉð Úóáóì ÃóÈúÔóÚö ãóäúÙóÑò áöãóíøöÊò.
[79]
[ÓõæÑóÉ ÇáúÃóÚúÑóÇÝ (7) : ÂíóÉ 79]
ÝóÊóæóáøóì Úóäúåõãú æóÞÇáó íóÇ Þóæúãö áóÞóÏú ÃóÈúáóÛúÊõßõãú ÑöÓÇáóÉó ÑóÈøöí æóäóÕóÍúÊõ áóßõãú æóáßöäú áóÇ ÊõÍöÈøõæäó ÇáäøóÇÕöÍöíäó (79)
æóÇáúÝóÇÁõ Ýöí Þóæúáöåö: ÝóÊóæóáøóì Úóäúåõãú ÚóÇØöÝóÉñ Úóáóì ÌõãúáóÉö: ÝóÚóÞóÑõæÇ ÇáäøóÇÞóÉó [ÇáúÃóÚúÑóÇÝ: 77] æóÇáÊøóæóáøöí ÇáöÇäúÕöÑóÇÝõ Úóäú ÝöÑóÇÞò æóÛóÖóÈò¡ æóíõØúáóÞõ ãóÌóÇÒðÇ Úóáóì ÚóÏóãö ÇáöÇßúÊöÑóÇËö ÈöÇáÔøóíúÁö¡ æóåõæó åõäóÇ íõÍúÊóãóáõ Ãóäú íóßõæäó ÍóÞöíÞóÉð Ýóíóßõæäõ ÇáúãõÑóÇÏõ Èöåö Ãóäøóåõ ÝóÇÑóÞó ÏöíóÇÑó Þóæúãöåö Íöíäó Úóáöãó Ãóäøó ÇáúÚóÐóÇÈó äóÇÒöáñ Èöåöãú¡ Ýóíóßõæäõ ÇáÊøóÚúÞöíÈõ áöÞóæúáöåö: ÝóÚóÞóÑõæÇ ÇáäøóÇÞóÉó [ÇáúÃóÚúÑóÇÝ: 77] áöÃóäøó ÙóÇåöÑó ÊóÚúÞöíÈö ÇáÊøóæóáøöí Úóäúåõãú æóÎöØóÇÈöåö ÅöíøóÇåõãú Ãóäú áóÇ íóßõæäó ÈóÚúÏó Ãóäú ÊÃÎÐåã ÇáÑøÌÝÉ æóÃóÕúÈÍõæÇ ÌóÇËöãöíäó.
æóíõÍúÊóãóáõ Ãóäú íóßõæäó ãóÌóÇÒðÇ ÈöÞóÑöíäóÉö ÇáúÎöØóÇÈö ÃóíúÖðÇ¡ Ãóíú ÝóÃóÚúÑóÖó Úóäö ÇáäøóÙóÑö Åöáóì ÇáúÞóÑúíóÉö ÈóÚúÏó ÃóÕóÇÈóÊöåóÇ ÈöÇáÕøóÇÚöÞóÉö¡ Ãóæú ÝóÃóÚúÑóÖó Úóäö ÇáúÍõÒúäö Úóáóíúåöãú æóÇÔúÊóÛóáó ÈöÇáúãõÄúãöäöíäó ßóãóÇ ÞóÇáó ÊóÚóÇáóì:
áóÚóáøóßó ÈÇÎöÚñ äóÝúÓóßó ÃóáøóÇ íóßõæäõæÇ ãõÄúãöäöíäó [ÇáÔøõÚóÑóÇÁ: 3] .
ÝóÚóáóì ÇáúæóÌúåö ÇáúÃóæøóáö íóßõæäõ Þóæúáõåõ: íóÇ Þóæúãö áóÞóÏú ÃóÈúáóÛúÊõßõãú ÅöáóÎú ãõÓúÊóÚúãóáðÇ Ýöí ÇáÊøóæúÈöíÎö áóåõãú æóÇáÊøóÓúÌöíáö Úóáóíúåöãú¡ æóÚóáóì ÇáúæóÌúåö ÇáËøóÇäöí íóßõæäõ ãõÓúÊóÚúãóáðÇ Ýöí ÇáÊøóÍóÓøõÑö Ãóæ Ýöí ÇáÊøÈÑí ãöäúåõãú¡ Ýóíßæä ÇáäøÏÇÁ ÊÍÓÑ ÝóáóÇ íóÞúÊóÖöí ßóæúäó ÃóÕúÍóÇÈö ÇáöÇÓúãö ÇáúãõäóÇÏóì ãöãøóäú íóÚúÞöáõ ÇáäøöÏóÇÁó ÍöíäóÆöÐò¡ ãöËúáõ ãóÇ ÊõäóÇÏöí ÇáúÍóÓúÑóÉó Ýöí: íóÇ ÍóÓúÑóÉð.
æóÞóæúáõåõ: áóÞóÏú ÃóÈúáóÛúÊõßõãú ÑöÓÇáóÉó ÑóÈøöí æóäóÕóÍúÊõ áóßõãú ÊóÝúÓöíÑõåõ ãöËúáõ ÊóÝúÓöíÑö Þóæúáöåö Ýöí ÞöÕøóÉö äõæÍò Úóáóíúåö ÇáÓøóáóÇãõ: ÃõÈóáøöÛõßõãú ÑöÓÇáÇÊö ÑóÈøöí æóÃóäúÕóÍõ áóßõãú [ÇáúÃóÚúÑóÇÝ: 62] æóÇááøóÇãõ Ýöí (áóÞóÏú) áóÇãõ ÇáúÞóÓóãö¡ æóÊóÞóÏøóãó äóÙöíÑõåõ ÚöäúÏó Þóæúáöåö: áóÞóÏú ÃóÑúÓóáúäÇ äõæÍÇð [ÇáúÃóÚúÑóÇÝ: 59] .
æóÇáöÇÓúÊöÏúÑóÇßõ È (áóßöä) äÇÔìÁ Úóäú Þóæúáöåö: áóÞóÏú ÃóÈúáóÛúÊõßõãú ÑöÓÇáóÉó ÑóÈøöí æóäóÕóÍúÊõ áóßõãú áöÃóäøóåõ ãõÓúÊóÚúãóáñ Ýöí ÇáÊøóÈóÑøõÄö ãöäó ÇáÊøóÞúÕöíÑö Ýöí ãõÚóÇáóÌóÉö ßõÝúÑöåöãú¡ ÓóæóÇÁñ ßóÇäó ÈöÍóíúËõ åõãú íóÓúãóÚõæäóåõ Ãóãú ßóÇäó ÞóÇáóåõ Ýöí äóÝÓå¡ ÝóáÐóáöß ÇáÊøóÈóÑøõÄõ íõÄúÐöäõ ÈöÏóÝúÚö Êóæóåøõãö ÊóÞúÕöíÑö Ýöí ÇáúÅöÈúáóÇÛö æóÇáäøóÕöíÍóÉö áöÇäúÚöÏóÇãö ÙõåõæÑö ÝóÇÆöÏóÉö ÇáúÅöÈúáóÇÛö æóÇáäøóÕöíÍóÉö¡ ÝóÇÓúÊóÏúÑóßó ÈöÞóæúáöåö: æóáßöäú áóÇ ÊõÍöÈøõæäó ÇáäøóÇÕöÍöíäó¡ Ãóíú ÊóßúÑóåõæäó ÇáäøóÇÕöÍöíäó ÝóáóÇ ÊõØöíÚõæäóåõãú Ýöí äõÕúÍöåöãú¡ áöÃóäøó ÇáúãõÍöÈøó áöãóäú íõÍöÈøõ ãõØöíÚõ¡ ÝóÃóÑóÇÏó ÈöÐóáößó ÇáúßöäóÇíóÉó Úóäú ÑóÝúÖöåöãõ ÇáäøóÕöíÍóÉó.(8-È/228)
æóáõæØðÇ ÅöÐú ÞóÇáó áöÞóæúãöåö ÃóÊóÃúÊõæäó ÇáúÝóÇÍöÔóÉó ãóÇ ÓóÈóÞóßõãú ÈöåóÇ ãöäú ÃóÍóÏò ãöäó ÇáúÚóÇáóãöíäó (80) Åöäøóßõãú áóÊóÃúÊõæäó ÇáÑøöÌóÇáó ÔóåúæóÉð ãöäú Ïõæäö ÇáäøöÓóÇÁö Èóáú ÃóäúÊõãú Þóæúãñ ãõÓúÑöÝõæäó (81)
æóÇÓúÊöÚúãóÇáõ ÇáúãõÖóÇÑöÚö Ýöí Þóæúáöåö: áóÇ ÊõÍöÈøõæäó Åöäú ßóÇäó Ýöí ÍóÇáö ÓóãóÇÚöåöãú Þóæúáóåõ Ýóåõæó áöáÏøóáóÇáóÉö Úóáóì ÇáÊøóÌúÏöíÏö æóÇáÊøóßúÑöíÑö¡ Ãóíú áóãú íóÒóáú åóÐóÇ ÏóÃúÈõßõãú Ýóíóßõæäõ Ðóáößó ÂÎöÑó ÚöáóÇÌò áöÅöÞúáóÇÚöåöãú Åöäú ßóÇäóÊú Ýöíåöãú ÈóÞöíøóÉñ áöáúÅöÞúáóÇÚö ÚóãøóÇ åõãú Ýöíåö¡ æóÅöäú ßóÇäó ÈóÚúÏó ÇäúÞöÖóÇÁö ÓóãóÇÚöåöãú ÝóÇáúãõÖóÇÑöÚõ áöÍößóÇíóÉö ÇáúÍóÇáö ÇáúãóÇÖöíóÉö ãöËúáóåóÇ Ýöí Þóæúáöåö ÊóÚóÇáóì: æóÇááøóåõ ÇáøóÐöí ÃóÑúÓóáó ÇáÑøöíÇÍó ÝóÊõËöíÑõ ÓóÍÇÈÇð [ÝÇØÑ: 9] .
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[ÓõæÑóÉ ÇáúÃóÚúÑóÇÝ (7) : ÇáúÂíóÇÊ 80 Åöáóì 81]
æóáõæØÇð ÅöÐú ÞÇáó áöÞóæúãöåö ÃóÊóÃúÊõæäó ÇáúÝÇÍöÔóÉó ãóÇ ÓóÈóÞóßõãú ÈöåÇ ãöäú ÃóÍóÏò ãöäó ÇáúÚÇáóãöíäó (80) Åöäøóßõãú áóÊóÃúÊõæäó ÇáÑøöÌÇáó ÔóåúæóÉð ãöäú Ïõæäö ÇáäøöÓÇÁö Èóáú ÃóäúÊõãú Þóæúãñ ãõÓúÑöÝõæäó (81)
ÚõØöÝó æóáõæØÇð Úóáóì äõæÍÇð Ýöí Þóæúáöåö: áóÞóÏú ÃóÑúÓóáúäÇ äõæÍÇð [ÇáúÃóÚúÑóÇÝ: 59] ÝóÇáÊøóÞúÏöíÑõ:
æóÃóÑúÓóáúäóÇ áõæØðÇ¡ æóÊóÛúíöíÑõ ÇáúÃõÓúáõæÈö Ýöí ÇÈúÊöÏóÇÁö ÞöÕøóÉö áõæØò æóÞóæúãöåö ÅöÐö ÇÈúÊõÏöÆóÊú ÈöÐößúÑö (áõæØðÇ) ßóãóÇ ÇÈúÊõÏöÆóÊú ÞöÕøóÉñ ÈöÐößúÑö äõæÍò áöÃóäøóåõ áóãú íóßõäú áöÞóæúãö áõæØò ÇÓúãñ íõÚúÑóÝõæäó Èöåö ßóãóÇ áóãú íóßõäú áöÞóæúãö äõæÍò ÇÓúãñ íõÚúÑóÝõæäó Èöåö. æó (ÅöÐú) - ÙóÑúÝñ ãõÊóÚóáøöÞñ Èö (ÃóÑúÓóáúäóÇ) ÇáúãõÞóÏøóÑõ íóÚúäöí ÃóÑúÓóáúäóÇåõ æóÞúÊó ÞóÇáó áöÞóæúãöåö æóÌõÚöáó æóÞúÊõ ÇáúÞóæúáö ÙóÑúÝðÇ áöáúÅöÑúÓóÇáö áöÅöÝóÇÏóÉö ãõÈóÇÏóÑóÊöåö ÈöÏóÚúæóÉö Þóæúãöåö Åöáóì ãóÇ ÃóÑúÓóáóåõ Çááøóåõ Èöåö¡ æóÇáúãõÞóÇÑóäóÉõ ÇáøóÊöí ÊóÞúÊóÖöíåóÇ ÇáÙøóÑúÝöíøóÉõ Èóíúäó æóÞúÊö ÇáúÅöÑúÓóÇáö æóæóÞúÊö Þóæúáöåö¡ ãõÞóÇÑóäóÉñ ÚõÑúÝöíøóÉñ ÈöãóÚúäóì ÔöÏøóÉö ÇáúÞõÑúÈö ÈöÃóÞúÕóì ãóÇ íõÓúÊóØóÇÚõ ãöäú ãõÈóÇÏóÑóÉö ÇáÊøóÈúáöíÛö.
æóÞóæúãõ áõæØò ßóÇäõæÇ ÎóáöíØðÇ ãöäó ÇáúßóäúÚóÇäöíøöíäó æóãöãøóäú äóÒóáó Íóæúáóåõãú. æóáöÐóáößó áóãú íõæÕóÝú ÈöÃóäøóåõ ÃóÎõæåõãú ÅöÐú áóãú íóßõäú ãöäú ÞóÈóÇÆöáöåöãú¡ æóÅöäøóãóÇ äóÒóáó Ýöíåöãú æóÇÓúÊóæúØóäó ÏöíóÇÑóåõãú. æóáõæØñ Úóáóíúåö ÇáÓøóáóÇãõ åõæó ÇÈúäõ ÃóÎöí ÅöÈúÑóÇåöíãó Úóáóíúåö ÇáÓøóáóÇãõ ßóãóÇ ÊóÞóÏøóãó Ýöí ÓõæÑóÉö ÇáúÃóäúÚóÇãö¡ æóßóÇäó áõæØñ Úóáóíúåö ÇáÓøóáóÇãõ ÞóÏú äóÒóáó
ÈöÈöáóÇÏö (ÓóÏõæãó) æóáóãú íóßõäú Èóíúäóåõãú æóÈóíúäóåõ ÞõÑóÇÈóÉñ.(8-È/229)
æóÇáúÞóæúãõ ÇáøóÐöíäó ÃõÑúÓöáó Åöáóíúåöãú áõæØñ Úóáóíúåö ÇáÓøóáóÇãõ åõãú Ãóåúáõ ÞóÑúíóÉö (ÓóÏõæãó) æó (ÚóãõæÑóÉó) ãöäú ÃóÑúÖö ßóäúÚóÇäó¡ æóÑõÈøóãóÇ ÃõØúáöÞó ÇÓúãõ ÓóÏõæãó æÚãøæÑÉ Úáì ÓßøÇäåãÇ. æóåõæó ÃóÓúáóÇÝõ ÇáúÝóäöíÞöíøöíäó æßÇäÊÇ Úáì ÔÇØìÁ ÇáÓøóÏöíãö¡ æóåõæó ÈóÍúÑõ ÇáúãöáúÍö¡ ßóãóÇ ÌóÇÁó Ýöí ÇáÊøóæúÑóÇÉö (1) æóåõæó ÇáúÈóÍúÑõ ÇáúãóíøöÊõ ÇáúãóÏúÚõæøõ (ÈõÍóíúÑóÉõ áõæØò) ÈöÞõÑúÈö ÃõÑúÔóáöíãó. æóßóÇäóÊú ÞõÑúÈó ÓóÏõæãó æóãóäú ãóÚóåõãú ÃóÍúÏóËõæÇ ÝóÇÍöÔóÉó ÇÓúÊöãúÊóÇÚõ ÇáÑøöÌóÇáö ÈöÇáÑøöÌóÇáö¡ ÝóÃóãóÑó Çááøóåõ áõæØðÇ Úóáóíúåö ÇáÓøóáóÇãõ áóãøóÇ äóÒóáó ÈöÞóÑúíóÊöåöãú ÓóÏõæãó Ýöí ÑöÍúáóÊöåö ãóÚó Úóãøöåö ÅöÈúÑóÇåöíãó Úóáóíúåö ÇáÓøóáóÇãõ Ãóäú íóäúåóÇåõãú æóíõÛúáöÙó Úóáóíúåöãú.
ÝóÇáöÇÓúÊöÝúåóÇãõ Ýöí ÃóÊóÃúÊõæäó ÅöäúßóÇÑöíøñ ÊóæúÈöíÎöíøñ¡ æóÇáúÅöÊúíóÇäõ ÇáúãõÓúÊóÝúåóãö Úóäúåõ ãóÌóÇÒñ Ýöí ÇáÊøóáóÈøõÓö æóÇáúÚóãóáö¡ Ãóíú ÃóÊóÚúãóáõæäó ÇáúÝóÇÍöÔóÉó¡ æóßõäøöíó ÈöÇáúÅöÊúíóÇäö Úóáóì ÇáúÚóãóáö ÇáúãóÎúÕõæÕö æóåöíó ßöäóÇíóÉñ ãóÔúåõæÑóÉñ.
æóÇáúÝóÇÍöÔóÉõ: ÇáúÝöÚúáõ ÇáÏøóäöíÁõ ÇáÐøóãöíãõ¡ æóÞóÏú ÊóÞóÏøóãó ÇáúßóáóÇãõ ÚóáóíúåóÇ ÚöäúÏó ÊóÝúÓöíÑö Þóæúáöåö ÊóÚóÇáóì:
æóÅöÐÇ ÝóÚóáõæÇ ÝÇÍöÔóÉð [ÇáúÃóÚúÑóÇÝ: 28] : æóÇáúãõÑóÇÏõ åõäóÇ ÝóÇÍöÔóÉñ ãóÚúÑõæÝóÉñ¡ ÝóÇáÊøóÚúÑöíÝõ áöáúÚóåúÏö.
æóÌõãúáóÉõ: ãóÇ ÓóÈóÞóßõãú ÈöåÇ ãöäú ÃóÍóÏò ãöäó ÇáúÚÇáóãöíäó ãÓÊÃäÝÉ ÇÓÊíäÇÝÇ ÇÈúÊöÏóÇÆöíøðÇ¡ ÝóÅöäøóåõ ÈóÚúÏó Ãóäú ÃóäúßóÑó Úóáóíúåöãú ÅöÊúíóÇäó ÇáúÝóÇÍöÔóÉö¡ æóÚóÈøóÑó ÚóäúåóÇ ÈöÇáúÝóÇÍöÔóÉö¡ æóÈøóÎóåõãú ÈöÃóäøóåõãú ÃóÍúÏóËõæåóÇ¡ æóáóãú Êóßõäú ãóÚúÑõæÝóÉð Ýöí ÇáúÈóÔóÑö ÝóÞóÏú ÓóäøõæÇ ÓõäøóÉð ÓóíøöÆóÉð áöáúÝóÇÍöÔöíäó Ýöí Ðóáößó.
æóíóÌõæÒõ Ãóäú Êóßõæäó ÌõãúáóÉõ: ãóÇ ÓóÈóÞóßõãú ÈöåÇ ãöäú ÃóÍóÏò ÕöÝóÉð áöáúÝóÇÍöÔóÉö¡ æóíóÌõæÒõ Ãóäú Êóßõæäó ÍóÇáðÇ ãöäú ÖóãöíÑö: ÊóÃúÊõæäó Ãóæú ãöäó: ÇáúÝÇÍöÔóÉó.
ÇáÓøóÈÞ ÍóÞöíÞóÊõåõ: æõÕõæáõ ÇáúãóÇÔöí Åöáóì ãóßóÇäò ãóØúáõæÈò áóåõ æóáöÛóíúÑöåö ÞóÈúáó æõÕõæáö ÛóíúÑöåö¡ æóíõÓúÊóÚúãóáõ ãóÌóÇÒðÇ Ýöí ÇáÊøóÞóÏøõãö Ýöí ÇáÒøóãóÇäö¡ Ãóíö ÇáúÃóæøóáöíøóÉö æóÇáöÇÈúÊöÏóÇÁö¡ æóåõæó ÇáúãõÑóÇÏõ åõäóÇ¡ æóÇáúãóÞúÕõæÏõ Ãóäøóåõãú ÓóÈóÞõæÇ ÇáäøóÇÓó ÈöåóÐöåö ÇáúÝóÇÍöÔóÉö ÅöÐú áóÇ íóÞúÕöÏõ ÈöãöËúáö åóÐóÇ ÇáÊøóÑúßöíÈö Ãóäøóåõãõ ÇÈúÊóÏóÃõæÇ ãóÚó ÛóíúÑöåöãú Ýöí æóÞúÊò æóÇÍöÏò.
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(1) ÇáúÅöÕúáóÇÍ 14 ãä ÓÝÑ ÇáÊøßæíä 20(8-È/230)
æóÇáúÈóÇÁõ áöÊóÚúÏöíóÉö ÝöÚúáò (ÓóÈóÞó) áöÇÓúÊöÚúãóÇáöåö ÈöãóÚúäóì (ÇÈúÊóÏóÃó) ÝóÇáúÈóÇÁõ ÊóÑúÔöíÍñ áöáÊøóÈóÚöíøóÉö. æó (ãöäó) ÇáÏøóÇÎöáóÉõ Úóáóì (ÃóÍóÏò) áöÊóæúßöíÏö ÇáäøóÝúíö áöáÏøóáóÇáóÉö Úóáóì ãóÚúäóì ÇáöÇÓúÊöÛúÑóÇÞö Ýöí ÇáäøóÝúíö. æó (ãöäó) ÇáÏøóÇÎöáóÉõ Úóáóì ÇáúÚÇáóãöíäó áöáÊøóÈúÚöíÖö.
æóÌõãúáóÉõ: Åöäøóßõãú áóÊóÃúÊõæäó ÇáÑøöÌÇáó ãõÈóíøöäóÉñ áöÌõãúáóÉö ÃóÊóÃúÊõæäó ÇáúÝÇÍöÔóÉó¡ æóÇáÊøóÃúßöíÏõ- ÈöÅöäøó æóÇááøóÇãö- ßöäóÇíóÉñ Úóäö ÇáÊøóæúÈöíÎö áöÃóäøóåõ ãóÈúäöíøñ Úóáóì ÊóäúÒöíáöåöãú ãóäúÒöáóÉó ãóäú íõäúßöÑõ Ðóáößó áößóæúäöåöãú ãõÓúÊóÑúÓöáõæäó Úóáóíúåö ÛóíúÑó ÓóÇãöÚöíäó áöäóåúíö ÇáäøóÇåöí. æóÇáúÅöÊúíóÇäõ ßöäóÇíóÉñ Úóäú Úóãóáö ÇáúÝóÇÍöÔóÉö.
æóÞóÑóÃó äóÇÝöÚñ¡ æóÇáúßöÓóÇÆöíøõ¡ æóÍóÝúÕñ Úóäú ÚóÇÕöãò¡ æóÃóÈõæ ÌóÚúÝóÑò: Åöäøóßõãú- ÈöåóãúÒóÉò æóÇÍöÏóÉò ãóßúÓõæÑóÉò- ÈöÕöíÛóÉö ÇáúÎóÈóÑö¡ ÝóÇáúÈóíóÇäõ ÑóÇÌöÚñ Åöáóì ÇáÔøóíúÁö ÇáúãõäúßóÑö ÈöåóãúÒóÉö ÇáúÅöäúßóÇÑö Ýöí ÃóÊóÃúÊõæäó ÇáúÝÇÍöÔóÉó¡ æóÈöåö íõÚúÑóÝõ ÈóíóÇäõ ÇáúÅöäúßóÇÑö¡ æóíóÌõæÒõ ÇÚúÊöÈóÇÑõåõ ÎóÈóÑðÇ ãõÓúÊóÚúãóáðÇ Ýöí ÇáÊøóæúÈöíÎö¡ æóíóÌõæÒõ ÊóÞúÏöíÑõ åóãúÒóÉö ÇÓúÊöÝúåóÇãò ÍõÐöÝóÊú áöáÊøóÎúÝöíÝö æóáöÏóáóÇáóÉö ãóÇ ÞÈáåóÇ ÚóáóíúåóÇ. æóÞóÑóÃóåõ ÇáúÈóÞöíøóÉõ: ÃóÅöäøóßõãú ÈöåóãúÒóÊóíúäö Úóáóì ÕöíÛóÉö ÇáöÇÓúÊöÝúåóÇãö- ÝóÇáúÈóíóÇäõ áöáúÅöäúßóÇÑö¡ æóÈöåö íõÚúÑóÝõ ÈóíóÇäõ ÇáúãõäúßóÑö¡ ÝóÇáúÞöÑóÇÁóÊóÇäö ãõÓúÊóæöíóÊóÇäö.
æóÇáÔøóåúæóÉõ: ÇáÑøóÛúÈóÉõ Ýöí ÊóÍúÕöíáö ÔóíúÁò ãóÑúÛõæÈò¡ æóåöíó ãóÕúÏóÑõ Ôóåöíó ßóÑóÖöíó¡ ÌóÇÁó Úóáóì ÕöíÛóÉö ÇáúÝóÚúáóÉö æóáóíúÓó ãõÑóÇÏðÇ Èöåö ÇáúãóÑøóÉõ.
æóÇäúÊóÕóÈó ÔóåúæóÉð Úóáóì ÇáúãóÝúÚõæáö áöÃóÌúáöåö. æóÇáúãóÞúÕõæÏõ ãöäú åóÐóÇ ÇáúãóÝúÚõæáö ÊóÝúÙöíÚõ ÇáúÝóÇÍöÔóÉö æóÝóÇÚöáöíåóÇ ÈöÃóäøóåõãú íóÔúÊóåõæäó ãóÇ åõæó ÍóÞöíÞñ ÈöÃóäú íõßúÑóåó æóíõÓúÊóÝúÙóÚó.
æóÞóæúáõåõ: ãöäú Ïõæäö ÇáäøöÓÇÁö ÒöíóÇÏóÉñ Ýöí ÇáÊøóÝúÙöíÚö æóÞóØúÚñ áöáúÚõÐúÑö Ýöí ÝöÚúáö åóÐöåö ÇáúÝóÇÍöÔóÉö¡ æóáóíúÓó ÞóíúÏðÇ áöáúÅöäúßóÇÑö¡ ÝóáóíúÓó ÅöÊúíóÇäõ ÇáÑøöÌóÇáö ãóÚó ÅöÊúíóÇäö ÇáäøöÓóÇÁö ÈöÃóÞóáøó ãöäó ÇáúÂÎóÑö ÝóÙóÇÚóÉð¡ æóáóßöäøó ÇáúãõÑóÇÏó Ãóäøó ÅöÊúíóÇäó ÇáÑøöÌóÇáö ßõáøóåõ æóÇÞöÚñ Ýöí ÍóÇáóÉò ãöäú ÍóÞøöåóÇ ÅöÊúíóÇäõ ÇáäøöÓóÇÁö¡ ßóãóÇ ÞóÇáó Ýöí ÇáúÂíóÉö ÇáúÃõÎúÑóì: æóÊóÐóÑõæäó ãóÇ ÎóáóÞó áóßõãú ÑóÈøõßõãú ãöäú ÃóÒúæÇÌößõãú [ÇáÔøõÚóÑóÇÁ: 166] .
æÈóáú áöáúÅöÖúÑóÇÈö ÇáöÇäúÊöÞóÇáöíøö¡ áöáöÇäúÊöÞóÇáö ãöäú ÛóÑóÖö ÇáúÅöäúßóÇÑö Åöáóì ÛóÑóÖö ÇáÐøóãøö æóÇáÊøóÍúÞöíÑö æóÇáÊøóäúÈöíåö Åöáóì ÍóÞöíÞóÉö ÍóÇáöåöãú.(8-È/231)
æóÇáúÅöÓúÑóÇÝõ ãõÌóÇæóÒóÉõ ÇáúÚóãóáö ãöÞúÏóÇÑó ÃóãúËóÇáöåö Ýöí äóæúÚöåö¡ Ãóíö ÇáúãõÓúÑöÝõæäó Ýöí ÇáúÈóÇØöáö æóÇáúÌõÑúãö¡ æóÞóÏú ÊóÞóÏøóãó ÚöäúÏó Þóæúáöåö ÊóÚóÇáóì: æóáÇ ÊóÃúßõáõæåÇ ÅöÓúÑÇÝÇð Ýöí ÓõæÑóÉö ÇáäøöÓóÇÁö [6] æóÚöäúÏó Þóæúáöåö ÊóÚóÇáóì:
æóáÇ ÊõÓúÑöÝõæÇ Åöäøóåõ áóÇ íõÍöÈøõ ÇáúãõÓúÑöÝöíäó Ýöí ÓõæÑóÉö ÇáúÃóäúÚóÇãö [141] .
æóæóÕóÝóåõãú ÈöÇáúÅöÓúÑóÇÝö ÈöØóÑöíÞö ÇáúÌõãúáóÉö ÇáöÇÓúãöíøóÉö ÇáÏøóÇáøóÉö Úóáóì ÇáËøóÈóÇÊö¡ Ãóíú ÃóäúÊõãú Þóæúãñ Êóãóßøóäó ãöäúåõãõ ÇáúÅöÓúÑóÇÝõ Ýöí ÇáÔøóåóæóÇÊö ÝóáöÐóáößó ÇÔúÊóåóæúÇ ÔóåúæóÉð ÛóÑöíÈóÉð áóãøóÇ ÓóÆöãõæÇ ÇáÔøóåóæóÇÊö ÇáúãõÚúÊóÇÏóÉó.
æóåóÐöåö ÔóäúÔóäóÉõ ÇáöÇÓúÊöÑúÓóÇáö Ýöí ÇáÔøóåóæóÇÊö ÍóÊøóì íõÕúÈöÍó ÇáúãóÑúÁõ áóÇ íóÔúÝöí ÔóåúæóÊóåõ ÔóíúÁñ¡ æóäóÍúæõåõ Þóæúáõåõ Úóäúåõãú Ýöí ÂíóÉò ÃõÎúÑóì: Èóáú ÃóäúÊõãú Þóæúãñ ÚÇÏõæäó [ÇáÔøõÚóÑóÇÁ: 166] .
æóæóÌúåõ ÊóÓúãöíóÉö åóÐóÇ ÇáúÝöÚúáö ÇáÔøóäöíÚö ÝóÇÍöÔóÉð æóÅöÓúÑóÇÝðÇ Ãóäøóåõ íóÔúÊóãöáõ Úóáóì ãóÝóÇÓöÏó ßóËöíÑóÉò: ãöäúåóÇ ÇÓúÊöÚúãóÇáõ ÇáÔøóåúæóÉö ÇáúÍóíóæóÇäöíøóÉö ÇáúãóÛúÑõæÒóÉö Ýöí ÛóíúÑö ãóÇ ÛõÑöÒóÊú Úóáóíúåö¡ áöÃóäøó Çááøóåó ÎóáóÞó Ýöí ÇáúÅöäúÓóÇäö ÇáÔøóåúæóÉó ÇáúÍóíóæóÇäöíøóÉó áöÅöÑóÇÏóÉö ÈóÞóÇÁö ÇáäøóæúÚö ÈöÞóÇäõæäö ÇáÊøóäóÇÓõáö¡ ÍóÊøóì íóßõæäó ÇáÏøÇÚí Åöáóíúåö ÞåÑí íóäúÓóÇÞõ Åöáóíúåö ÇáúÅöäúÓóÇäõ ÈöØóÈúÚöåö¡ ÝóÞóÖóÇÁõ Êöáúßó ÇáÔøóåúæóÉö Ýöí ÛóíúÑö ÇáúÛóÑóÖö ÇáøóÐöí æóÖóÚóåóÇ Çááøóåõ áöÃóÌúáöåö ÇÚúÊöÏóÇÁñ Úóáóì ÇáúÝöØúÑóÉö æóÚóáóì ÇáäøóæúÚö¡ æóáöÃóäøóåõ íõÛóíøöÑõ ÎõÕõæÕöíøóÉó ÇáÑøõÌúáóÉö ÈöÇáäøöÓúÈóÉö Åöáóì ÇáúãóÝúÚõæáö Èöåö ÅöÐú íóÕöíÑõ Ýöí ÛóíúÑö ÇáúãóäúÒöáóÉö ÇáøóÊöí æóÖóÚóåõ Çááøóåõ ÝöíåóÇ ÈöÎöáúÞóÊöåö¡ æóáöÃóäøó Ýöíåö ÇãúÊöåóÇäðÇ ãóÍúÖðÇ áöáúãóÝúÚõæáö Èöåö ÅöÐú íõÌúÚóáõ ÂáóÉð áöÞóÖóÇÁö ÔóåúæóÉö ÛóíúÑöåö Úóáóì ÎöáóÇÝö ãóÇ æóÖóÚó Çááøóåõ Ýöí äöÙóÇãö ÇáÐøõßõæÑóÉö æóÇáúÃõäõæËóÉö ãöäú ÞóÖóÇÁö ÇáÔøóåúæóÊóíúäö ãóÚðÇ¡ æóáöÃóäøóåõ ãõÝúÖò Åöáóì ÞóØúÚö ÇáäøóÓúáö Ãóæú ÊóÞúáöíáöåö¡ æóáöÃóäøó Ðóáößó ÇáúÝöÚúáó íóÌúáöÈõ ÃóÖúÑóÇÑðÇ áöáúÝóÇÚöáö æóÇáúãóÝúÚõæáö ÈöÓóÈóÈö ÇÓúÊöÚúãóÇáö ãóÍóáøóíúäö Ýöí ÛóíúÑö ãóÇ ÎõáöÞóÇ áóåõ.
æóÍóÏóËóÊú åóÐöåö ÇáúÝóÇÍöÔóÉõ Èóíúäó ÇáúãõÓúáöãöíäó Ýöí ÎöáóÇÝóÉö ÃóÈöí ÈóßúÑò ãöäú ÑóÌõáò íõÓóãøóì ÇáúÝõÌóÇÁóÉó¡
ßóÊóÈó Ýöíåö ÎóÇáöÏõ Èúäõ ÇáúæóáöíÏö Åöáóì ÃóÈöí ÈóßúÑò ÇáÕøöÏøöíÞö Ãóäøóåõ Úóãöáó Úóãóáó Þóæúãö áõæØò æóÅöÐú áóãú íõÍúÝóÙú Úóä ÇáäøÈíÁ Õóáøóì Çááåõ Úóáóíúåö æóÓóáøóãó ÝöíåóÇ ÍóÏøñ ãóÚúÑõæÝñ ÌóãóÚó ÃóÈõæ ÈóßúÑò ÃóÕúÍóÇÈ ÇáäÈíÁ Õóáøóì Çááåõ Úóáóíúåö æóÓóáøóãó æóÇÓúÊóÔóÇÑóåõãú Ýöíåö¡ ÝóÞóÇáó Úóáöíøñ:
ÃóÑóì Ãóäú íõÍúÑóÞó ÈöÇáäøóÇÑö¡ ÝóÇÌúÊóãóÚó ÑóÃúíõ ÇáÕøóÍóÇÈóÉö Úóáóì Ðóáößó ÝóßóÊóÈó ÃóÈõæ ÈóßúÑò Åöáóì ÎóÇáöÏö Èúäö ÇáúæóáöíÏö Ãóäú íóÍúÑöÞóåõ ÝóÃóÍúÑóÞóåõ
¡ æóßóÐóáößó ÞóÖóì ÇÈúäõ ÇáÒøõÈóíúÑö(8-È/232)
Ýöí ÌóãóÇÚóÉò ÚóãöáõæÇ ÇáúÝóÇÍöÔóÉó Ýöí ÒóãóÇäöåö¡ æóåõÔóÇãõ Èúäõ ÇáúæóáöíÏö¡ æóÎóÇáöÏñ ÇáúÞóÓúÑöíøõ ÈöÇáúÚöÑóÇÞö¡ æóáóÚóáøóåõ ÞöíóÇÓñ Úóáóì Ãóäøó Çááøóåó ÃóãúØóÑó Úóáóíúåöãú äóÇÑðÇ ßóãóÇ ÓóíóÃúÊöí.
æóÞóÇáó ãóÇáößñ: íõÑúÌóãõ ÇáúÝóÇÚöáõ æóÇáúãóÝúÚõæá Èöåö¡ ÅöÐÇ ÃóØóÇÚó ÇáúÝóÇÚöáõ æóßóÇäóÇ ÈóÇáöÛóíúäö¡ ÑóÌúãó ÇáÒøóÇäöí ÇáúãõÍóÕøóäö. ÓóæóÇÁñ ÃóÍúÕóäóÇ Ãóãú áóãú íõÍúÕöäóÇ¡ æóÞóÇÓó ÚõÞõæÈóÊóåõãú Úóáóì ÚõÞõæÈóÉö Çááøóåö áöÞóæúãö áõæØò ÅöÐú ÃóãúØóÑó Úóáóíúåöãú ÍöÌóÇÑóÉð¡ æóÇáøóÐöí íõÄúÎóÐõ ãöäú ãóÐúåóÈö ãóÇáößò Ãóäøóåõ íóÌõæÒõ ÇáúÞöíóÇÓõ Úóáóì ãóÇ ÝóÚóáóåõ Çááøóåõ ÊóÚóÇáóì Ýöí ÇáÏøõäúíóÇ. æóÑõæöíó Ãóäøóåõ ÃõÎöÐó Ýöí ÒóãóÇäö ÇÈúäö ÇáÒøõÈóíúÑö ÃóÑúÈóÚóÉñ ÚóãöáõæÇ Úóãóáó Þóæúãö áõæØò¡ æóÞóÏú ÃõÍúÕöäõæÇ. ÝóÃóãóÑó Èöåöãú ÝóÃõÎúÑöÌõæÇ ãöäó ÇáúÍóÑóãö ÝóÑõÌöãõæÇ ÈöÇáúÍöÌóÇÑóÉö ÍóÊøóì ãóÇÊõæÇ¡ æóÚöäúÏóåõ ÇÈúäõ ÚõãóÑó æóÇÈúäõ ÚóÈøóÇÓò Ýóáóãú íõäúßöÑóÇ Úóáóíúåö.
æóÞóÇáó ÃóÈõæ ÍóäöíÝóÉó: íõÚóÒøóÑõ ÝóÇÚöáõåõ æóáóÇ íóÈúáõÛõ ÇáÊøóÚúÒöíÑõ ÍóÏøó ÇáÒøöäóì¡ ßóÐóÇ ÚóÒóÇ Åöáóíúåö ÇáúÞõÑúØõÈöíøõ¡ æóÇáøóÐöí Ýöí ßõÊõÈö ÇáúÍóäóÝöíøóÉö Ãóäøó ÃóÈóÇ ÍóäöíÝóÉó íóÑóì Ýöíåö ÇáÊøóÚúÒöíÑó ÅöáøóÇ ÅöÐóÇ ÊóßóÑøóÑó ãöäúåõ ÝóíõÞúÊóáõ¡ æóÞóÇáó ÃóÈõæ íõæÓõÝó æóãõÍóãøóÏñ: Ýöíåö ÍóÏøõ ÇáÒøöäóì¡ ÝóÅöÐóÇ ÇÚúÊóÇÏó Ðóáößó ÝóÝöíåö ÇáÊøóÚúÒöíÑõ ÈöÇáúÅöÍúÑóÇÞö¡ Ãóæú íõåúÏóãõ Úóáóíúåö ÌöÏóÇÑñ¡ Ãóæú íõäóßøóÓõ ãöäú ãóßóÇäò ãõÑúÊóÝöÚò æóíõÊúÈóÚõ ÈöÇáúÃóÍúÌóÇÑö¡ Ãóæú íõÓúÌóäõ ÍóÊøóì íóãõæÊó Ãóæú íóÊõæÈó. æóÐóßóÑó ÇáúÛóÒúäóæöíøõ Ýöí «ÇáúÍóÇæöí» Ãóäøó ÇáúÃóÕóÍøó Úóäú ÃóÈöí íõæÓõÝó æóãõÍóãøóÏò ÇáÊøóÚúÒöíÑõ ÈöÇáúÌöáúÏö (Ãóíú Ïõæäó ÊóÝúÕöíáò Èóíúäó ÇáöÇÚúÊöíóÇÏö æóÛóíúÑöåö) æóÓöíóÇÞõ ßóáóÇãöåöãõ ÇáÊøóÓúæöíóÉõ Ýöí ÇáúÚõÞõæÈóÉö Èóíúäó ÇáúÝóÇÚöáö æóÇáúãóÝúÚõæáö Èöåö.
æóÞóÇáó ÇáÔøóÇÝöÚöíøõ: íõÍóÏøõ ÍóÏøó ÇáÒøóÇäöí: ÝóÅöäú ßóÇäó ãõÍúÕóäðÇ ÝóÍóÏøõ ÇáúãõÍúÕóäö¡ æóÅöäú ßóÇäó ÛóíúÑó ãõÍúÕóäò ÝóÍóÏøõ ÛóíúÑö ÇáúãõÍúÕóäö. ßóÐóÇ ÍóßóÇåõ ÇáúÞõÑúØõÈöíøõ. æóÞóÇáó ÇÈúäõ åõÈóíúÑóÉó ÇáúÍóäúÈóáöíøõ¡ Ýöí ßöÊóÇÈö «ÇÎúÊöáóÇÝö ÇáúÃóÆöãøóÉö» : Åöäøó áöáÔøóÇÝöÚöíøö Þóæúáóíúäö: ÃóÍóÏõåõãóÇ åóÐóÇ¡ æóÇáúÂÎóÑõ Ãóäøóåõ íõÑúÌóãõ Èößõáøö ÍóÇáò¡ æóáóãú íóÐúßõÑú áóåõ ÊóÑúÌöíÍðÇ¡ æóÞóÇáó ÇáúÛóÒøóÇáöíøõ¡ Ýöí «ÇáúæóÌöíÒ» : «ááæÇØ íõæÌöÈõ ÞóÊúáó ÇáúÝóÇÚöáö æóÇáúãóÝúÚõæáö Úóáóì Þóæúáò¡ æóÇáÑøóÌúãó Èößõáøö ÍóÇáò Úóáóì Þóæúáò¡ æóÇáÊøóÚúÒöíÑó Úóáóì Þóæúáò¡ æóåõæó ßóÇáÒøöäóì Úóáóì Þóæúáò» æóåóÐóÇ ßóáóÇãñ ÛóíúÑõ ãõÍóÑøóÑò.
æóÝöí ßöÊóÇÈö «ÇÎúÊöáóÇÝö ÇáúÃóÆöãøóÉö» áöÇÈúäö åõÈóíúÑóÉó ÇáúÍóäúÈóáöíøö: Ãóäøó ÃóÙúåóÑó ÇáÑøöæóÇíóÊóíúäö Úóäú ÃóÍúãóÏó Ãóäøó Ýöí ÇááøöæóÇØö ÇáÑøóÌúãó Èößõáøö ÍóÇáò¡ Ãóíú ãõÍúÕóäðÇ ßóÇäó Ãóæú ÛóíúÑó ãõÍúÕóäò¡ æóÝöí ÑöæóÇíóÉö Úóäúåõ Ãóäøóåõ ßóÇáÒøöäóì¡ æóÞóÇáó ÇÈúäõ ÍóÒúãò¡ Ýöí «ÇáúãõÍóáøóì» : Åöäøó ãóÐúåóÈó ÏóÇæõÏó(8-È/233)
æóãóÇ ßóÇäó ÌóæóÇÈó Þóæúãöåö ÅöáøóÇ Ãóäú ÞóÇáõæÇ ÃóÎúÑöÌõæåõãú ãöäú ÞóÑúíóÊößõãú Åöäøóåõãú ÃõäóÇÓñ íóÊóØóåøóÑõæäó (82)
æóÌóãöíÚö ÃóÕúÍóÇÈöåö Ãóäøó ÇááøõæØöíøó íõÌúáóÏõ Ïõæäó ÇáúÍóÏøö¡ æóáóãú íõÕóÑøóÍú¡ ÝöíãóÇ äóÞóáõæÇ Úóäú ÃóÈöí ÍóäöíÝóÉó æóÕóÇÍöÈóíúåö¡ æóáóÇ Úóä ÃÍÏ¡ æóáóÇ ÇáÔøóÇÝöÚöíøö ÈöãõÓóÇæóÇÉö ÇáúÝóÇÚöáö æóÇáúãóÝúÚõæáö Èöåö Ýöí ÇáúÍõßúãö ÅöáøóÇ ÚöäúÏó ãóÇáößò¡ æóíõÄúÎóÐõ ãöäú ÍößóÇíóÉö ÇÈúäö ÍóÒúãò Ýöí «ÇáúãõÍóáøóì» : Ãóäøó ÃóÕúÍóÇÈó ÇáúãóÐóÇåöÈö ÇáúãõÎúÊóáöÝóÉö Ýöí ÊóÚúÒöíÑö åóÐöåö ÇáúÝóÇÍöÔóÉö áóãú íõÝóÑøöÞõæÇ Èóíúäó ÇáúÝóÇÚöáö æóÇáúãóÝúÚõæáö ÅöáøóÇ ÞóæúáðÇ ÔóÇÐøðÇ áöÃóÍóÏö ÝõÞóåóÇÁö ÇáÔøóÇÝöÚöíøóÉö ÑóÃóì Ãóäøó ÇáúãóÝúÚõæáó ÃóÛúáóÙõ ÚõÞõæÈóÉð ãöäó ÇáúÝóÇÚöáö.
æóÑóæóì ÃóÈõæ ÏóÇæõÏó æóÇáÊøöÑúãöÐöíøõ¡ Úóäú ÚößúÑöãóÉó Úóäö ÇÈúäö ÚóÈøóÇÓò¡ æóÇáÊøöÑúãöÐöíøõ Úóäú ÃóÈöí åõÑóíúÑóÉó¡ æóÞóÇáó Ýöí ÅöÓúäóÇÏöåö¡ ãóÞóÇáñ Úóä ÇáäøÈíÁ Õóáøóì Çááåõ Úóáóíúåö æóÓóáøóãó Ãóäøóåõ ÞóÇáó: «ãóäú æóÌóÏúÊõãõæåõ íóÚúãóáõ Úóãóáó Þóæúãö áõæØò ÝóÇÞúÊõáõæÇ ÇáúÝóÇÚöáó æóÇáúãóÝúÚõæáó Èöåö»
æóåõæó ÍóÏöíËñ ÛóÑöíÈñ (áóãú íõÑúæó Úóäú ÛóíúÑö ÚößúÑöãóÉó Úóäö ÇÈúäö ÚóÈøóÇÓò) æóÞóÏú ÚóáöãúÊó ÇÓúÊöÔóÇÑóÉó ÃóÈöí ÈóßúÑò Ýöí åóÐöåö ÇáúÌóÑöíãóÉö¡ æóáóæú ßóÇäó ÝöíåóÇ ÓóäóÏñ ÕóÍöíÍñ áÙåÑ íóæúãÆöÐò.
[82]
[ÓõæÑóÉ ÇáúÃóÚúÑóÇÝ (7) : ÂíóÉ 82]
æóãÇ ßÇäó ÌóæÇÈó Þóæúãöåö ÅöáÇøó Ãóäú ÞÇáõæÇ ÃóÎúÑöÌõæåõãú ãöäú ÞóÑúíóÊößõãú Åöäøóåõãú ÃõäÇÓñ íóÊóØóåøóÑõæäó (82)
ÚõØöÝóÊú ÌõãúáóÉõ: æóãÇ ßÇäó ÌóæÇÈó Þóæúãöåö Úóáóì ÌõãúáóÉö: ÞÇáó áöÞóæúãöåö [ÇáúÃóÚúÑóÇÝ: 80] .
æóÇáÊøóÞúÏöíÑõ: æóÅöÐú ãóÇ ßóÇäó ÌóæóÇÈó Þóæúãöåö ÅöáøóÇ Ãóäú ÞóÇáõæÇ ÅöáóÎú¡ æóÇáúãóÚúäóì: Ãóäøóåõãú ÃõÝúÍöãõæÇ Úóäú ÊóÑúæöíÌö ÔóäúÚóÊöåöãú æóÇáúãõÌóÇÏóáóÉö Ýöí ÔóÃúäöåóÇ¡ æóÇÈúÊóÏóÑõæÇ ÈöÇáÊøóÂãõÑö Úóáóì ÅöÎúÑóÇÌö áõæØò Úóáóíúåö ÇáÓøóáóÇãõ æóÃóåúáöåö ãöäó ÇáúÞóÑúíóÉö¡ áöÃóäøó áõæØðÇ Úóáóíúåö ÇáÓøóáóÇãõ ßóÇäó ÛóÑöíÈðÇ Èóíúäóåõãú æóÞóÏú ÃóÑóÇÏõæÇ ÇáöÇÓúÊöÑóÇÍóÉó ãöäú ÅöäúßóÇÑöåö Úóáóíúåöãú ÔóÃúäõ ãóäú íóÔúÚõÑõæäó ÈöÝóÓóÇÏö ÍóÇáöåöãú¡ ÇáúãóãúäõæÚöíäó ÈöÔóåóæóÇÊöåöãú Úóäö ÇáúÅöÞúáóÇÚö Úóäú ÓóíøöÆóÇÊöåöãú¡ ÇáúãõÕóãøöãöíäó Úóáóì ãõÏóÇæóãóÉö ÐõäõæÈöåöãú¡ ÝóÅöäøó ÕõÏõæÑóåõãú ÊóÖöíÞõ Úóäú ÊóÍóãøõáö ÇáúãóæúÚöÙóÉö¡ æóÃóÓúãóÇÚõåõãú ÊóÕóãøõ áöÞóÈõæáöåóÇ¡ æóáóãú íóÒóáú ãöäú ÔóÃúäö ÇáúãõäúÛóãöÓöíäó Ýöí Çáúåóæóì ÊóÌóåøõãõ Íõáõæáö ãóäú áóÇ íõÔóÇÑößõåõãú Èóíúäóåõãú.(8-È/234)
æóÇáúÌóæóÇÈõ: ÇáúßóáóÇãõ ÇáøóÐöí íõÞóÇÈóáõ Èöåö ßóáóÇãñ ÂÎóÑõ: ÊóÞúÑöíÑðÇ¡ Ãóæú ÑóÏøðÇ¡ Ãóæú ÌóÒóÇÁð.
æóÇäúÊóÕóÈó Þóæúáõåõ: ÌóæÇÈó Úóáóì Ãóäøóåõ ÎóÈóÑõ (ßóÇäó) ãõÞóÏøóãñ Úóáóì ÇÓúãöåóÇ ÇáúæóÇÞöÚö ÈóÚúÏó ÃóÏóÇÉö ÇáöÇÓúÊöËúäóÇÁö ÇáúãõÝóÑøóÛö¡ æóåóÐóÇ åõæó ÇáöÇÓúÊöÚúãóÇáõ ÇáúÝóÕöíÍõ Ýöí ãöËúáö åóÐóÇ ÇáÊøóÑúßöíÈö¡ ÅöÐóÇ ßóÇäó ÃóÍóÏõ ãóÚúãõæáóíú ßóÇäó ãóÕúÏóÑðÇ ãõäúÓóÈößðÇ ãöäú (Ãóäú) æóÇáúÝöÚúáö ßóãóÇ ÊóÞóÏøóãó Ýöí ÓõæÑóÉö Âáö ÚöãúÑóÇäó æóÓõæÑóÉö ÇáúÃóäúÚóÇãö¡ æóáöÐóáößó ÃóÌúãóÚóÊö ÇáúÞöÑóÇÁóÇÊõ ÇáúãóÔúåõæÑóÉõ Úóáóì äóÕúÈö ÇáúãóÚúãõæáö ÇáúÃóæøóáö.
æóÇáÖøóãöíÑõ ÇáúãóäúÕõæÈõ Ýöí Þóæúáöåö: ÃóÎúÑöÌõæåõãú ÚóÇÆöÏñ Úóáóì ãóÍúÐõæÝò Úõáöãó ãöäó ÇáÓøöíóÇÞö¡ æóåõãú áõæØñ Úóáóíúåö ÇáÓøóáóÇãõ æóÃóåúáõåõ: æóåõãú ÒóæúÌõåõ æóÇÈúäóÊóÇåõ.
æóÌõãúáóÉõ: Åöäøóåõãú ÃõäÇÓñ íóÊóØóåøóÑõæäó ÚöáøóÉñ áöáúÃóãúÑö ÈöÇáúÅöÎúÑóÇÌö¡ æóÐóáößó ÔóÃúäõ (Åöäøó) ÅöÐóÇ ÌóÇÁóÊú Ýöí ãóÞóÇãò áóÇ Ôóßøó Ýöíåö æóáóÇ ÅöäúßóÇÑó¡ Èóáú ßóÇäóÊú áöãõÌóÑøóÏö ÇáöÇåúÊöãóÇãö ÝóÅöäøóåóÇ ÊõÝöíÏõ ãóÝóÇÏó ÝóÇÁö ÇáÊøóÝúÑöíÚö æóÊóÏõáøõ Úóáóì ÇáÑøóÈúØö æóÇáÊøóÚúáöíáö.
æóÇáÊøóØóåøõÑõ ÊóßóáøõÝõ ÇáØøóåóÇÑóÉö¡ æóÍóÞöíÞóÊõåóÇ ÇáäøóÙóÇÝóÉõ¡ æóÊõØúáóÞõ ÇáØøóåóÇÑóÉõ- ãóÌóÇÒðÇ- Úóáóì ÊóÒúßöíóÉö ÇáäøóÝúÓö æóÇáúÍóÐóÑö ãöäó ÇáÑøóÐóÇÆöáö æóåöíó ÇáúãõÑóÇÏõ åõäóÇ¡ æóÊöáúßó ÕöÝóÉõ ßóãóÇáò¡ áóßöäøó ÇáúÞóæúãó áóãøóÇ ÊóãóÑøóÏõæÇ Úáì ÇáÝÓæÞ ßóÇäó íóÚõÏøõæäó ÇáúßóãóÇáó ãõäóÇÝöÑðÇ áöØöÈóÇÚöåöãú¡ ÝóáóÇ íõØöíÞõæäó ãõÚóÇÔóÑóÉó Ãóåúáö ÇáúßóãóÇáö¡ æóíóÐõãøõæäó ãóÇ áóåõãú ãöäó ÇáúßóãóÇáóÇÊö ÝóíõÓóãøõæäóåóÇ ËöÞúáðÇ¡ æóáöÐóÇ æóÕóÝõæÇ ÊóäóÒøõåó áõæØò Úóáóíúåö ÇáÓøóáóÇãõ æóÂáöåö ÊóØóåøõÑðÇ¡ ÈöÕöíÛóÉö ÇáÊøóßóáøõÝö æóÇáÊøóÕóäøõÚö¡ æóíóÌõæÒó Ãóäú íóßõæäó ÍößóÇíóÉð áöãóÇ Ýöí ßóáóÇãöåöãú ãöäó ÇáÊøóåóßøõãö ÈöáõæØò Úóáóíúåö ÇáÓøóáóÇãõ æóÂáöåö¡ æóåóÐóÇ ãöäú ÞóáúÈö ÇáúÍóÞóÇÆöÞö áöÃóÌúáö ãõÔóÇíóÚóÉö ÇáúÚóæóÇÆöÏö ÇáÐøóãöíãóÉö¡ æóÃóåúáõ ÇáúãõÌõæäö æóÇáöÇäúÎöáóÇÚö¡ íõÓóãøõæäó ÇáúãõÊóÚóÝøöÝó Úóäú ÓöíÑóÊöåöãú ÈöÇáÊøóÇÆöÈö Ãóæú äóÍúæö Ðóáößó¡ ÝóÞóæúáõåõãú: Åöäøóåõãú ÃõäÇÓñ íóÊóØóåøóÑõæäó ÞóÕóÏõæÇ Èöåö Ðóãøóåõãú.
æóåõãú ÞóÏú ÚóáöãõæÇ åóÐóÇ ÇáÊøóØóåøõÑó ãöäú ÎõáõÞö áõæØò Úóáóíúåö ÇáÓøóáóÇãõ æóÃóåúáöåö áöÃóäøóåõãú ÚóÇÔóÑõæåõãú¡ æóÑóÃóæúÇ ÓöíÑóÊóåõãú¡ æóáöÐóáößó ÌöíÁó ÈöÇáúÎóÈóÑö ÌõãúáóÉð ÝöÚúáöíøóÉð ãõÖóÇÑöÚöíøóÉð áöÏóáóÇáóÊöåóÇ Úóáóì Ãóäøó ÇáÊøóØóåøõÑó ãõÊóßóÑøöÑñ ãöäúåõãú¡ æóãõÊóÌóÏøöÏñ¡ æóÐóáößó ÃóÏúÚóì áöãõäóÇÝóÑóÊöåöãú ØöÈóÇÚóåõãú(8-È/235)
ÝóÃóäúÌóíúäóÇåõ æóÃóåúáóåõ ÅöáøóÇ ÇãúÑóÃóÊóåõ ßóÇäóÊú ãöäó ÇáúÛóÇÈöÑöíäó (83) æóÃóãúØóÑúäóÇ Úóáóíúåöãú ãóØóÑðÇ ÝóÇäúÙõÑú ßóíúÝó ßóÇäó ÚóÇÞöÈóÉõ ÇáúãõÌúÑöãöíäó (84)
æóÇáúÛóÖóÈö Úóáóíúåöãú æóÊóÌóåøõãö ÅöäúßóÇÑö áõæØò Úóáóíúåö ÇáÓøáÇã Úóáóíúåöã.
[83¡ 84]
[ÓõæÑóÉ ÇáúÃóÚúÑóÇÝ (7) : ÇáúÂíóÇÊ 83 Åöáóì 84]
ÝóÃóäúÌóíúäÇåõ æóÃóåúáóåõ ÅöáÇøó ÇãúÑóÃóÊóåõ ßÇäóÊú ãöäó ÇáúÛÇÈöÑöíäó (83) æóÃóãúØóÑúäÇ Úóáóíúåöãú ãóØóÑÇð ÝóÇäúÙõÑú ßóíúÝó ßÇäó ÚÇÞöÈóÉõ ÇáúãõÌúÑöãöíäó (84)
Þóæúáõåõ ÊóÚóÇáóì: ÝóÃóäúÌóíúäÇåõ ÊóÚúÞöíÈñ áöÌõãúáóÉö: æóãÇ ßÇäó ÌóæÇÈó Þóæúãöåö [ÇáúÃóÚúÑóÇÝ: 82] Ãóæú
áöÌõãúáóÉö: ÞÇáó áöÞóæúãöåö [ÇáúÃóÚúÑóÇÝ: 80] æóåóÐóÇ ÇáÊøóÚúÞöíÈõ íõÄúÐöäõ ÈöÃóäøó áõæØðÇ Úóáóíúåö ÇáÓøóáóÇãõ ÃõÑúÓöáó Åöáóì Þóæúãöåö ÞóÈúáó Íõáõæáö ÇáúÚóÐóÇÈö Èöåöãú ÈöÒóãä Þóáöíá.
æÝóÃóäúÌóíúäÇåõ ãõÞóÏøóãñ ãöäú ÊóÃúÎöíÑò. æóÇáÊøóÞúÏöíÑõ: ÝóÃóãúØóÑúäóÇ Úóáóíúåöãú ãóØóÑðÇ æóÃóäúÌóíúäóÇåõ æóÃóåúáóåõ¡ ÝóÞóÏøóãó ÇáúÎóÈóÑó ÈöÅöäúÌóÇÁö áõæØò Úóáóíúåö ÇáÓøóáóÇãõ Úóáóì ÇáúÎóÈóÑö ÈöÅöãúØóÇÑöåöãú ãóØóÑó ÇáúÚóÐóÇÈö¡ áöÞóÕúÏö ÅöÙúåóÇÑö ÇáöÇåúÊöãóÇãö ÈöÃóãúÑö ÅöäúÌóÇÁö áõæØò Úóáóíúåö ÇáÓøóáóÇãõ¡ æóáöÊóÚúÌöíáö ÇáúãóÓóÑøóÉö áöáÓøóÇãöÚöíäó ãöäó ÇáúãõÄúãöäöíäó¡ ÝóÊóØúãóÆöäøõ ÞõáõæÈõåõãú áöÍõÓúäö ÚóæóÇÞöÈö ÃóÓúáóÇÝöåöãú ãöäú ãõÄúãöäöí ÇáúÃõãóãö ÇáúãóÇÖöíóÉö¡ ÝóíóÚúáóãõæÇ Ãóäøó Êöáúßó ÓõäøóÉõ Çááøóåö Ýöí ÚöÈóÇÏöåö¡ æóÞóÏú ÊóÞóÏøóãó ÈóíóÇäõ Ðóáößó ÚöäúÏó Þóæúáöåö ÊóÚóÇáóì: ÝóßóÐøóÈõæåõ ÝóÃóäúÌóíúäÇåõ æóÇáøóÐöíäó ãóÚóåõ Ýöí ÇáúÝõáúßö Ýöí åóÐöåö ÇáÓøõæÑóÉö [64] .
æóÃóåúáõ áõæØò Úóáóíúåö ÇáÓøóáóÇãõ åõãú ÒóæúÌõåõ æóÇÈúäóÊóÇäö áóåõ ÈößúÑóÇäö¡ æóßóÇäó áóåõ ÇÈúäóÊóÇäö ãõÊóÒóæøöÌóÊóÇäö- ßóãóÇ æóÑóÏó Ýöí ÇáÊøóæúÑóÇÉö- ÇãúÊóäóÚó ÒóæúÌóÇåõãóÇ ãöäó ÇáúÎõÑõæÌö ãóÚó áõæØò Úóáóíúåö ÇáÓøóáóÇãõ ÝóåóáóßóÊóÇ ãóÚó Ãóåúáö ÇáúÞóÑúíóÉö.
æóÃóãøóÇ ÇãúÑóÃóÉõ áõæØò Úóáóíúåö ÇáÓøóáóÇãõ ÝóÞóÏú ÃóÎúÈóÑó Çááøóåõ ÚóäúåóÇ åõäóÇ Ãóäøó Çááøóåó áóãú íõäóÌøöåóÇ¡ ÝóåóáóßóÊú ãóÚó Þóæúãö áõæØò¡ æóÐõßöÑó Ýöí ÓõæÑóÉö åõæÏò ãóÇ ÙóÇåöÑõåõ ÃóäøóåóÇ áóãú ÊóãúÊóËöáú ãóÇ ÃóãóÑó Çááøóåõ áõæØðÇ Úóáóíúåö ÇáÓøóáóÇãõ Ãóäú áóÇ íóáúÊóÝöÊó åõæó æóáóÇ ÃóÍóÏñ ãöäú Ãóåúáöåö ÇáúÎóÇÑöÌöíäó ãóÚóåõ Åöáóì ÇáúãõÏõäö Íöíäó íõÕöíÈõåóÇ ÇáúÚóÐóÇÈõ ÝóÇáúÊóÝóÊóÊö ÇãúÑóÃóÊõåõ ÝóÃóÕóÇÈóåóÇ ÇáúÚóÐóÇÈõ¡ æóÐõßöÑó Ýöí ÓõæÑóÉö ÇáÊøóÍúÑöíãö Ãóäøó ÇãúÑóÃóÉó áõæØò Úóáóíúåö ÇáÓøóáóÇãõ ßóÇäóÊú ßóÇÝöÑóÉð. æóÞóÇáó ÇáúãõÝóÓøöÑõæäó: ßóÇäóÊú ÊõÓöÑøõ ÇáúßõÝúÑó æóÊõÙúåöÑõ ÇáúÅöíãóÇäó¡ æóáóÚóáøó Ðóáößó ÓóÈóÈõ ÇáúÊöÝóÇÊöåóÇ áöÃóäøóåóÇ ßóÇäóÊú ÛóíúÑó ãõæÞöäóÉò ÈöäõÒõæáö ÇáúÚóÐóÇÈö Úóáóì Þóæúãö áõæØò¡ æóíõÍúÊóãóáõ ÃóäøóåóÇ áóãú(8-È/236)
ÊóÎúÑõÌú ãóÚó áõæØò Úóáóíúåö ÇáÓøóáóÇãõ æóÃóäøó Þóæúáóåõ:
ÅöáøóÇ ÇãúÑóÃóÊóßó Ýöí ÓõæÑóÉö åõæÏò [81] ¡ ÇÓúÊËöúäóÇÁ ãä ÈöÃóåúáößó áóÇ ãóäö ÃóÍóÏñ. áóÚóáøó ÇãúÑóÃóÉó áõæØò Úóáóíúåö ÇáÓøóáóÇãõ ßóÇäóÊú ãöäú Ãóåúáö (ÓóÏõæãó) ÊóÒóæøóÌóåóÇ áõæØñ Úóáóíúåö ÇáÓøóáóÇãõ åõäóÇáößó ÈóÚúÏó åöÌúÑóÊöåö¡ ÝóÅöäøóåõ ÃóÞóÇãó Ýöí (ÓóÏõæãó) Óöäöíäó ØóæöíáóÉð ÈóÚúÏó Ãóäú åóáóßóÊú Ãõãøõ ÈóäóÇÊöåö æóÞóÈúáó Ãóäú íõÑúÓóáó¡ æóáóíúÓóÊú åöíó Ãõãøõ ÈöäúÊóíúåö ÝóÅöäøó ÇáÊøóæúÑóÇÉó áóãú ÊóÐúßõÑú ÇãúÑóÃóÉó áõæØò Úóáóíúåö ÇáÓøóáóÇãõ ÅöáøóÇ Ýöí ÂÎöÑö ÇáúÞöÕøóÉö.
æóãóÚúäóì ãöäó ÇáúÛÇÈöÑöíäó ãöäó ÇáúåóÇáößöíäó¡ æóÇáúÛóÇÈöÑõ íõØúáóÞõ Úóáóì ÇáúãõäúÞóÖöí¡ æóíõØúáóÞõ Úóáóì ÇáúÂÊöí¡ Ýóåõæó ãöäú ÃóÓúãóÇÁö ÇáúÃóÖúÏóÇÏö¡ æóÃóÔúåóÑõ ÅöØúáóÇÞóíúåö åõæó ÇáúãõäúÞóÖöí¡ æóáöÐóáößó íõÞóÇáõ: ÛóÈóÑó ÈöãóÚúäóì åóáóßó¡ æóåõæó ÇáúãõÑóÇÏõ åõäóÇ: Ãóíú ßóÇäóÊú ãöäó ÇáúåóÇáößöíäó¡ Ãóíú åóáóßóÊú ãóÚó ãóäú åóáóßó ãöäú Ãóåúáö (ÓóÏõæãó) .
æóÇáúÅöãúØóÇÑõ ãõÔúÊóÞøñ ãöäó ÇáúãóØóÑö¡ æóÇáúãóØóÑõ ÇÓúãñ áöáúãóÇÁö ÇáäøóÇÒöáö ãöäó ÇáÓøóÍóÇÈö¡ íõÞóÇáõ: ãóØóÑóÊúåõãõ ÇáÓøóãóÇÁõ- ÈöÏõæäö åóãúÒóÉò- ÈöãóÚúäóì äóÒóáó Úóáóíúåöãõ ÇáúãóØóÑõ¡ ßóãóÇ íõÞóÇáõ: ÛóÇËóÊúåõãú æóæóÈöáóÊúåõãú¡ æóíõÞóÇáõ: ãóßóÇäñ ãóãúØõæÑñ¡ Ãóíú ÃóÕóÇÈóåõ ÇáúãóØóÑõ¡ æóáóÇ íõÞóÇáõ: ãõãúØöÑñ¡ æóíõÞóÇáõ ÃõãúØöÑõæÇ- ÈöÇáúåóãúÒóÉö- ÈöãóÚúäóì äóÒóáó Úóáóíúåöãú
ãöäó ÇáúÌóæøö ãóÇ íõÔúÈöåõ ÇáúãóØóÑó¡ æóáóíúÓó åõæó ÈöãóØóÑò¡ ÝóáóÇ íõÞóÇáõ: åõãú ãõãúØöÑõæäó¡ æóáóßöäú íõÞóÇáõ: åõãú ãõãúØóÑõæäó¡ ßóãóÇ ÞóÇáó ÊóÚóÇáóì: æóÃóãúØóÑúäÇ Úóáóíúåöãú ÍöÌÇÑóÉð ãöäú ÓöÌøöíáò [åæÏ: 82]- æóÞóÇáó: ÝóÃóãúØöÑú ÚóáóíúäÇ ÍöÌÇÑóÉð ãöäó ÇáÓøóãÇÁö [ÇáúÃóäúÝóÇá: 32] ¡ ßóÐóÇ ÞóÇáó ÇáÒøóãóÎúÔóÑöíøõ- åõäóÇ- æóÞóÇáó¡ Ýöí ÓõæÑóÉö ÇáúÃóäúÝóÇáö: ÞóÏú ßóËõÑó ÇáúÅöãúØóÇÑõ Ýöí ãóÚúäóì ÇáúÚóÐóÇÈö¡ æóÚóäú ÃóÈöí ÚõÈóíúÏóÉó Ãóäøó ÇáÊøóÝúÑöÞóÉó Èóíúäó ãóØóÑó æóÃóãúØóÑó Ãóäøó ãóØóÑó áöáÑøóÍúãóÉö æóÃóãúØóÑó áöáúÚóÐóÇÈö¡ æóÃóãøóÇ Þóæúáõåõ ÊóÚóÇáóì Ýöí ÓõæÑóÉö ÇáúÃóÍúÞóÇÝö [24] : ÞÇáõæÇ åóÐóÇ ÚÇÑöÖñ ãõãúØöÑõäÇ Ýóåõæó íõÚóßøöÑõ Úóáóì ßöáúÊóÇ ÇáÊøóÝúÑöÞóÊóíúäö¡ æóíõÚóíøöäõ Ãóäú Êóßõæäó ÇáÊøóÝúÑöÞóÉõ ÃóÛúáóÈöíøóÉð.
æóßóÇäó ÇáøóÐöí ÃóÕóÇÈó Þóæúãó áõæØò ÍóÌóÑðÇ æóßöÈúÑöíÊðÇ ãöäú ÃóÚúáóì ÇáúÞõÑóì ßóãóÇ Ýöí ÇáÊøóæúÑóÇÉö æóßóÇäó ÇáÏøõÎóÇäõ íóÙúåóÑõ ãöäó ÇáúÃóÑúÖö ãöËúáõ ÏõÎóÇäö ÇáúÃóÊõæäö¡ æóÞóÏú Ùóäøó ÈóÚúÖõ ÇáúÈóÇÍöËöíäó Ãóäøó ÂÈóÇÑó ÇáúÍõãóÑö ÇáøóÊöí æóÑóÏó Ýöí ÇáÊøóæúÑóÇÉö ÃóäøóåóÇ ßóÇäóÊú Ýöí ÚõãúÞö ÇáÓøóÏöíãö¡ ßóÇäóÊú ÞóÇÈöáóÉð áöáöÇáúÊöåóÇÈö ÈöÓóÈóÈö ÒóáóÇÒöáó Ãóæú ÓõÞõæØö ÕóæóÇÚöÞó ÚóáóíúåóÇ. æóÞóÏú ÐõßöÑó Ýöí(8-È/237)
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æóÊóÝóÑøóÚó Úóäú åóÐöåö ÇáúÞöÕøóÉö ÇáúÚóÌöíÈóÉö ÇáúÃóãúÑõ ÈöÇáäøóÙóÑö Ýöí ÚóÇÞöÈóÊöåöãú ÈöÞóæúáöåö: ÝóÇäúÙõÑú ßóíúÝó ßÇäó ÚÇÞöÈóÉõ ÇáúãõÌúÑöãöíäó ÝóÇáúÃóãúÑõ áöáúÅöÑúÔóÇÏö æóÇáöÇÚúÊöÈóÇÑö. æóÇáúÎöØóÇÈõ íóÌõæÒõ Ãóäú íóßõæäó áöÛóíúÑö ãõÚóíøóäò Èóáú áößõáøö ãóäú íóÊóÃóÊøóì ãöäúåõ ÇáöÇÚúÊöÈóÇÑõ¡ ßóãóÇ åõæó ÔóÃúäõ ÅöíÑóÇÏö ÇáÊøóÐúíöíáö ÈöÇáöÇÚúÊöÈóÇÑö ÚóÞöÈó ÇáúãóæúÚöÙóÉö¡ áöÃóäøó ÇáúãóÞúÕõæÏó ÈöÇáúÎöØóÇÈö ßõáøõ ãóäú ÞõÕöÏó ÈöÇáúãóæúÚöÙóÉö¡ æóíóÌõæÒõ Ãóäú íóßõæäó ÇáúÎØÇÈ ááäøÈíÁ Õóáøóì Çááåõ Úóáóíúåö æóÓóáøóãó ÊóÓúáöíóÉð áóåõ Úóáóì ãóÇ íõáóÇÞöíåö ãöäú Þóæúãöåö ÇáøóÐöíäó ßóÐøóÈõæÇ ÈöÃóäøóåõ áóÇ íóíúÃóÓõ ãöäú äóÕúÑö Çááøóåö¡ æóÃóäøó ÔóÃúäó ÇáÑøõÓõáö ÇäúÊöÙóÇÑó ÇáúÚóæóÇÞöÈö.
æóÇáúãõÌúÑöãõæäó ÝóÇÚöáõæÇ ÇáúÌóÑöíãóÉö¡ æóåöíó ÇáúãóÚúÕöíóÉõ æóÇáÓøóíøöÆóÉõ¡ æóåóÐóÇ ÙóÇåöÑñ Ýöí Ãóäøó Çááøóåó ÚóÇÞóÈóåõãú ÈöÐóáößó ÇáúÚöÞóÇÈö Úóáóì åóÐöåö ÇáúÝóÇÍöÔóÉö¡ æóÃóäøó áõæØðÇ Úóáóíúåö ÇáÓøóáóÇãõ ÃõÑúÓöáó áóåõãú áöäóåúíöåöãú ÚóäúåóÇ¡ áóÇ áöÃóäøóåõãú ãõÔúÑößõæäó ÈöÇááøóåö¡ ÅöÐú áóãú íõÊóÚóÑøóÖú áóåõ Ýöí ÇáúÞõÑúÂäö ÈöÎöáóÇÝö ãóÇ ÞõÕøó Úóäö ÇáúÃõãóãö ÇáúÃõÎúÑóì¡ áóßöäøó ÊóãóÇáõÆóåõãú Úóáóì ÝöÚúáö ÇáúÝóÇÍöÔóÉö æóÇÓúÊöÍúáóÇáöåöãú ÅöíøóÇåóÇ íóÏõáøõ Úóáóì Ãóäøóåõãú áóãú íóßõæäõæÇ ãõÄúãöäöíäó ÈöÇááøóåö¡ æóÈöÐóáößó íõÄúÐöäõ Þóæúáõåõ ÊóÚóÇáóì Ýöí ÓõæÑóÉö ÇáÊøóÍúÑöíãö [10] : ÖóÑóÈó Çááøóåõ ãóËóáðÇ áöáøóÐöíäó ßóÝóÑõæÇ ÇãúÑóÃóÊó äõæÍò æóÇãúÑóÃóÊó áõæØò¡ Ýóíóßõæäõ ÅöÑúÓóÇáõ áõæØò Úóáóíúåö ÇáÓøóáóÇãõ ÈöÅöäúßóÇÑö Êöáúßó ÇáúÝóÇÍöÔóÉö ÇÈúÊöÏóÇÁð ÈöÊóØúåöíÑö äõÝõæÓöåöãú¡ Ëõãøó íóÕöÝõ áóåõãõ ÇáúÅöíãóÇäó¡ ÅöÐú áóÇ Ôóßøó Ãóäøó áõæØðÇ Úóáóíúåö ÇáÓøóáóÇãõ ÈóáøóÛóåõãõ ÇáÑøöÓóÇáóÉó Úóäö Çááøóåö ÊóÚóÇáóì¡ æóÐóáößó íóÊóÖóãøóäõ Ãóäøóåõ ÏóÚóÇåõãú Åöáóì ÇáúÅöíãóÇäö¡ ÅöáøóÇ Ãóäøó ÇåúÊöãóÇãóåõ ÇáúÃóæøóáó ßóÇäó ÈöÅöÈúØóÇáö åóÐöåö ÇáúÝóÇÍöÔóÉö¡ æóáöÐóáößó æóÞóÚó ÇáöÇÞúÊöÕóÇÑõ Ýöí ÅöäúßóÇÑöåö Úóáóíúåöãú æóãõÌóÇÏóáóÊöåöãú ÅöíøóÇåõ Úóáóì ãóÇ íóÎõÕøõ Êöáúßó ÇáúÝóÇÍöÔóÉö¡ æóÞóÏú Úõáöãó Ãóäøó
Çááøóåó ÃóÕóÇÈóåõãú ÈöÇáúÚóÐóÇÈö ÚõÞõæÈóÉð¡ Úóáóì Êöáúßó ÇáúÝóÇÍöÔóÉö¡ ßóãóÇ ÞóÇáó Ýöí(8-È/238)
æóÅöáóì ãóÏúíóäó ÃóÎóÇåõãú ÔõÚóíúÈðÇ ÞóÇáó íóÇ Þóæúãö ÇÚúÈõÏõæÇ Çááøóåó ãóÇ áóßõãú ãöäú Åöáóåò ÛóíúÑõåõ ÞóÏú ÌóÇÁóÊúßõãú ÈóíøöäóÉñ ãöäú ÑóÈøößõãú ÝóÃóæúÝõæÇ Çáúßóíúáó æóÇáúãöíÒóÇäó æóáóÇ ÊóÈúÎóÓõæÇ ÇáäøóÇÓó ÃóÔúíóÇÁóåõãú æóáóÇ ÊõÝúÓöÏõæÇ Ýöí ÇáúÃóÑúÖö ÈóÚúÏó ÅöÕúáóÇÍöåóÇ Ðóáößõãú ÎóíúÑñ áóßõãú Åöäú ßõäúÊõãú ãõÄúãöäöíäó (85) æóáóÇ ÊóÞúÚõÏõæÇ Èößõáøö ÕöÑóÇØò ÊõæÚöÏõæäó æóÊóÕõÏøõæäó Úóäú ÓóÈöíáö Çááøóåö ãóäú Âãóäó Èöåö æóÊóÈúÛõæäóåóÇ ÚöæóÌðÇ æóÇÐúßõÑõæÇ ÅöÐú ßõäúÊõãú ÞóáöíáðÇ ÝóßóËøóÑóßõãú æóÇäúÙõÑõæÇ ßóíúÝó ßóÇäó ÚóÇÞöÈóÉõ ÇáúãõÝúÓöÏöíäó (86) æóÅöäú ßóÇäó ØóÇÆöÝóÉñ ãöäúßõãú ÂãóäõæÇ ÈöÇáøóÐöí ÃõÑúÓöáúÊõ Èöåö æóØóÇÆöÝóÉñ áóãú íõÄúãöäõæÇ ÝóÇÕúÈöÑõæÇ ÍóÊøóì íóÍúßõãó Çááøóåõ ÈóíúäóäóÇ æóåõæó ÎóíúÑõ ÇáúÍóÇßöãöíäó (87)
ÓõæÑóÉö ÇáúÚóäúßóÈõæÊö: [34] :
ÅöäøóÇ ãõäúÒöáõæäó Úóáì Ãóåúáö åÐöåö ÇáúÞóÑúíóÉö ÑöÌúÒÇð ãöäó ÇáÓøóãÇÁö ÈöãÇ ßÇäõæÇ íóÝúÓõÞõæäó æóÃóäøóåõãú áóæú ÃóÞúáóÚõæÇ ÚóäúåóÇ áóÊõÑößó ÚóÐóÇÈõåõãú Úóáóì ÇáúßõÝúÑö Åöáóì íóæúãò ÂÎóÑó Ãóæú Åöáóì Çáúíóæúã ÇáÂÎÑ.
[85- 87]
[ÓõæÑóÉ ÇáúÃóÚúÑóÇÝ (7) : ÇáúÂíóÇÊ 85 Åöáóì 87]
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ÇáúÈóÎúÓõ åõæó ÅöäúÞóÇÕõ ÔóíúÁò ãöäú ÕöÝóÉò Ãóæú ãöÞúÏóÇÑò åõæó ÍóÞöíÞñ ÈößóãóÇáò Ýöí äóæúÚöåö. ÝóÝöíåö ãóÚúäóì ÇáÙøõáúãö æóÇáÊøóÍóíøõáö¡ æóÞóÏú ÐóßóÑó ÇÈúäõ ÓöíÏóåú Ýöí «ÇáúãõÎóÕøóÕö» ÇáúÈóÎúÓõ Ýöí ÈóÇÈö ÇáÐøóåóÇÈö ÈöÍóÞøö ÇáúÅöäúÓóÇä¡ æáßäøå ÚöäúÏ ãóÇ ÐóßóÑóåõ æóÞóÚó ÝöíãóÇ æóÞóÚó Ýöíåö ÛóíúÑõåõ ãöäú ãõÏóæøöäöí ÇááøõÛóÉö¡ ÝóÇáúÈóÎúÓõ ÍóÏóËñ íóÊøóÕöÝõ Èöåö ÝóÇÚöáñ æóáóíúÓó ÕöÝóÉð áöáÔøóíúÁö ÇáúãóÈúÎõæÓö Ýöí ÐóÇÊöåö¡ ÅöáøóÇ ÈöãóÚúäóì ÇáúæóÕúÝö ÈöÇáúãóÕúÏóÑö¡ ßóãóÇ ÞóÇáó ÊóÚóÇáóì: æóÔóÑóæúåõ ÈöËóãóäò ÈóÎúÓò [íõæÓõÝ: 20] Ãóíú Ïõæäó ÞöíãóÉö ÃóãúËóÇáöåö¡ (Ãóíú ÊóÓóÇåóáó ÈóÇÆöÚõæåõ Ýöí Ëóãóäöåö áöÃóäøóåõãú ÍóÕøóáõæåõ ÈöÛóíúÑö ÚöæóÖò æóáóÇ ßõáúÝóÉò) . æóÇÚúáóãú Ãóäøóåõ ÞóÏú íóßõæäõ ÇáúÈóÎúÓõ ãõÊóÚóáøöÞðÇ ÈöÇáúßóãøöíøóÉö ßóãóÇ íóÞõæáõ ÇáúãõÔúÊóÑöíó: åóÐóÇ ÇáäøöÍúíõ áóÇ íóÒöäõ ÃóßúËóÑó ãöäú ÚóÔóÑóÉö ÃóÑúØóÇáò¡ æóåõæó íóÚúáóãõ Ãóäøó ãöËúáóåõ íóÒöäõ ÇËúäóíú ÚóÔóÑó ÑöØúáðÇ¡ Ãóæú íóÞõæáõ: áóíúÓó Úóáóì åóÐóÇ ÇáäøóÎúáö ÃóßúËóÑõ ãöäú ÚóÔóÑóÉö ÞóäóÇØöíÑó ÊóãúÑðÇ Ýöí Íöíäö Ãóäøóåõ íóÚúáóãõ Ãóäøóåõ íóÈúáõÛõ ÚöÔúÑöíäó ÞöäúØóÇÑðÇ¡ æóÞóÏú íóßõæäõ ãõÊóÚóáøöÞðÇ ÈöÇáÕøöÝóÉö ßóãóÇ íóÞõæáõ: åóÐóÇ ÇáúÈóÚöíÑõ ÔóÑõæÏñ æóåõæó ãöäó ÇáÑøóæóÇÍöáö¡ æóíóßõæäõ ØóÑöíÞõ ÇáúÈóÎúÓö ÞóæúáðÇ¡ ßóãóÇ ãóËøóáúäóÇ¡ æóÝöÚúáðÇ ßóãóÇ íóßõæäõ ãöäú ÈóÐúáö Ëóãóäò ÑóÎöíÕò Ýöí ÔóíúÁò ãöäú ÔóÃúäöåö Ãóäú íõÈóÇÚó ÛóÇáöíðÇ¡ æóÇáúãóÞúÕõæÏõ ãöäó ÇáúÈóÎúÓö Ãóäú íóäúÊóÝöÚó ÇáúÈóÇÎöÓõ ÇáÑøóÇÛöÈõ Ýöí ÇáÓøöáúÚóÉö ÇáúãóÈúÎõæÓóÉö ÈöÃóäú íóÕúÑöÝó ÇáäøóÇÓó Úóäö ÇáÑøóÛúÈóÉö ÝöíåóÇ ÝóÊóÈúÞóì ßóáøðÇ Úóáóì ÌóÇáöÈöåóÇ ÝóíóÖúØóÑøõ Åöáóì ÈóíúÚöåóÇ ÈöËóãóäò ÒóåöíÏò¡ æóÞóÏú íõÞúÕóÏõ ãöäúåõ ÅöáúÞóÇÁõ ÇáÔøóßøö Ýöí äóÝúÓö ÌóÇáöÈö(8-È/242)
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æóãóÇ æóÞóÚó Ýöí «ÇááøöÓóÇäö» ãöäú ãóÚóÇäöí ÇáúÈóÎúÓö: Ãóäøóåõ ÇáúÎóÓöíÓõ ÝóáóÚóáøó Ðóáößó Úóáóì ÖóÑúÈò ãöäó ÇáúãóÌóÇÒö Ãóæö ÇáÊøóæóÓøõÚö¡ æóÈöåóÐóÇ ÊóÚúáóãõ Ãóäøó ÇáúÈóÎúÓó åõæó ÈöãóÚúäóì ÇáäøóÞúÕö ÇáøóÐöí åõæó ÝöÚúáõ ÇáúÝóÇÚöáö ÈöÇáúãóÝúÚõæáö¡ áóÇ ÇáäøóÞúÕõ ÇáøóÐöí åõæó ÕöÝóÉõ ÇáÔøóíúÁö ÇáäøóÇÞöÕö¡ Ýóåõæó ÃóÎóÕøõ ãöäó ÇáäøóÞúÕö Ýöí ÇáöÇÓúÊöÚúãóÇáö¡ æóåõæó ÃóÎóÕøõ ãöäúåõ Ýöí ÇáúãóÚúäóì ÃóíúÖðÇ.
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æóÍóÇÕöáõ ãóÇ ÃóãóÑó Èöåö ÔõÚóíúÈñ Úóáóíúåö ÇáÓøóáóÇãõ Þóæúãóåõ¡ ÈóÚúÏó ÇáúÃóãúÑö ÈöÇáÊøóæúÍöíÏö íóäúÍóÕöÑõ Ýöí ËóáóÇËóÉö ÃõÕõæáò: åöíó ÍöÝúÙõ ÍõÞõæÞö ÇáúãõÚóÇãóáóÉö ÇáúãóÇáöíøóÉö¡ æóÍöÝúÙõ äöÙóÇãö ÇáúÃõãøóÉö æóãóÕóÇáöÍöåóÇ¡ æóÍöÝúÙõ ÍõÞõæÞö ÍõÑøöíøóÉö ÇáöÇÓúÊöåúÏóÇÁö.
ÝóÇáúÃóæøóáõ Þóæúáõåõ: ÝóÃóæúÝõæÇ Çáúßóíúáó æóÇáúãöíÒÇäó æóáÇ ÊóÈúÎóÓõæÇ ÇáäøóÇÓó ÃóÔúíÇÁóåõãú ÝóÅöíÝóÇÁõ Çáúßóíúáö æóÇáúãöíÒóÇäö íóÑúÌöÚõ Åöáóì ÍöÝúÙö ÍõÞõæÞö ÇáúãõÔúÊóÑöíäó¡ áöÃóäøó ÇáúßóÇÆöáó Ãóæö ÇáúæóÇÒöäó åõæó ÇáúÈóÇÆöÚõ¡ æóåõæó ÇáøóÐöí íóÍúãöáõåõ ÍõÈøõ ÇáöÇÓúÊöÝúÖóÇáö Úóáóì ÊóØúÝöíÝö Çáúßóíúáö Ãóæö ÇáúæóÒúäö¡ áöíóßõæäó ÈóÇÚó ÇáÔøóíúÁó ÇáäøóÇÞöÕó ÈöËóãóäö ÇáÔøóíúÁö ÇáúæóÇÝöí¡ ßóãóÇ íóÍúÓóÈõåõ ÇáúãõÔúÊóÑöí.
æóÃóãøóÇ Çáäøóåúíõ Úóäú ÈóÎúÓö ÇáäøóÇÓö ÃóÔúíóÇÁóåõãú ÝóíóÑúÌöÚõ Åöáóì ÍöÝúÙö ÍõÞõæÞö ÇáúÈóÇÆöÚö áöÃóäøó(8-È/243)
ÇáúãõÔúÊóÑöíó åõæó ÇáøóÐöí íóÈúÎóÓõ ÔóíúÁó ÇáúÈóÇÆöÚö áöíõåóíøöÆóåõ áöÞóÈõæáö ÇáúÛóÈúäö Ýöí Ëóãóäö ÔóíúÆöåö¡ æóßöáóÇ åóÐóíúäö ÇáúÃóãúÑóíúäö ÍöíáóÉñ æóÎöÏóÇÚñ áöÊóÍúÕöíáö ÑöÈúÍò ãöäó ÇáúãóÇáö.
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ÊóäúÞõÕõæÇ ÇáúãößúíÇáó æóÇáúãöíÒÇäó
[åæÏ: 84] æóãóÚúäóì. ÅöíÝóÇÁö ÇáúãößúíóÇáö æóÇáúãöíÒóÇäö Ãóäú Êóßõæäó ÂáóÉõ Çáúßóíúáö æóÂáóÉõ ÇáúæóÒúäö ÈöãöÞúÏóÇÑö ãóÇ íõÞóÏøóÑõ ÈöåóÇ ãöäó ÇáúÃóÔúíóÇÁö ÇáúãõÞóÏøóÑóÉö. æóÅöäøóãóÇ ÎóÕøó åóÐóíúäö ÇáÊøóÍóíøõáóíúäö ÈöÇáúÃóãúÑö æóÇáäøóåúíö ÇáúãóÐúßõæÑóíúäö: áöÃóäøóåõãóÇ ßóÇäóÇ ÔóÇÆöÚóíúäö ÚöäúÏó ãóÏúíóäó¡ æóáöÃóäøó ÇáÊøóÍóíøõáóÇÊö Ýöí ÇáúãõÚóÇãóáóÉö ÇáúãóÇáöíøóÉö ÊóäúÍóÕöÑõ ÝöíåöãóÇ ÅöÐú ßóÇäó ÇáÊøóÚóÇãõáõ Èóíúäó Ãóåúáö ÇáúÈóæóÇÏöí ãõäúÍóÕöÑðÇ Ýöí ÇáúãõÈóÇÏóáóÇÊö ÈöÃóÚúíóÇäö ÇáúÃóÔúíóÇÁö:
ÚóÑúÖðÇ æóØóáóÈðÇ.
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ÍóÇáóÉö ÇáÕøóáóÇÍö Ýöí ÇáúÃóÑúÖö. æóÞóÏú ÊóÞóÏøóãó ÇáúÞóæúáõ Ýöí äóÙöíÑö åóÐóÇ ÇáÊøóÑúßöíÈö ÚöäúÏó Þóæúáöåö ÊóÚóÇáóì: æóáÇ ÊõÝúÓöÏõæÇ Ýöí ÇáúÃóÑúÖö ÈóÚúÏó ÅöÕúáÇÍöåÇ æóÇÏúÚõæåõ ÎóæúÝÇð æóØóãóÚÇð Ýöí ÃóæóÇÆöáö åóÐöåö ÇáÓøõæÑóÉö [56] .
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æóÞóæúáõåõ: Åöäú ßõäúÊõãú ãõÄúãöäöíäó ÔóÑúØñ ãõÞóíøöÏñ áöÞóæúáöåö: Ðáößõãú ÎóíúÑñ áóßõãú æóÇáúãõÄúãöäõæäó áóÞóÈñ áöáúãõÊøóÕöÝöíäó ÈöÇáúÅöíãóÇäö ÈöÇááøóåö æóÍúÏóåõ¡ ßóãóÇ åõæó ãõÕúØóáóÍõ ÇáÔøóÑóÇÆöÚö æóÍóãúáõ ÇáúãõÄúãöäöíäó Úóáóì ÇáúãõÕóÏøöÞöíäó áöÞóæúáöåö¡ æóäõÕúÍöåö¡ æóÃóãóÇäóÊöåö: Íóãúáñ Úóáóì ãóÇ íóÃúÈóÇåõ ÇáÓøöíóÇÞõ¡ Èóáö ÇáúãóÚúäóì¡ Ãóäøóåõ íóßõæäõ ÎóíúÑðÇ Åöäú ßõäúÊõãú ãõÄúãöäöíäó ÈöÇááøóåö æóÍúÏóåõ¡ Ýóåõæó ÑõÌõæÚñ Åöáóì ÇáÏøóÚúæóÉö áöáÊøóæúÍöíÏö ÈöãóäúÒöáóÉö ÑóÏøö ÇáúÚóÌõÒö Úóáóì ÇáÕøóÏúÑö Ýöí ßóáóÇãöåö¡ æóãóÚúäóÇåõ Ãóäøó ÍõÕõæáó ÇáúÎóíúÑö ãöäó ÇáúÃóÔúíóÇÁö ÇáúãõÔóÇÑö ÅöáóíúåóÇ áóÇ íóßõæäõ ÅöáøóÇ ãóÚó ÇáúÅöíãóÇäö¡ áöÃóäøóåõãú ÅöÐóÇ ÝóÚóáõæåóÇ æóåõãú ãõÔúÑößõæäó áóãú íóÍúÕõáú ãöäúåóÇ ÇáúÎóíúÑõ áöÃóäøó ãóÝóÇÓöÏó ÇáÔøöÑúßö ÊõÝúÓöÏõ ãóÇ Ýöí ÇáúÃóÝúÚóÇáö ãöäó ÇáúÎóíúÑö¡ ÃóãøóÇ Ýöí ÇáúÂÎöÑóÉö ÝóÙóÇåöÑñ¡ æóÃóãøóÇ Ýöí ÇáÏøõäúíóÇ ÝóÅöäøó ÇáÔøöÑúßó íóÏúÚõæ Åöáóì ÃóÖúÏóÇÏö Êöáúßó ÇáúÝóÖóÇÆöáö ßóãóÇ ÞóÇáó Çááøóåõ ÊóÚóÇáóì: æóãÇ ÒÇÏõæåõãú ÛóíúÑó ÊóÊúÈöíÈò [åæÏ: 101](8-È/245)
Ãóæú íóÏúÚõæ Åöáóì ãóÝóÇÓöÏó áóÇ íóÙúåóÑõ ãóÚóåóÇ äóÝúÚõ Êöáúßó ÇáúãóÕóÇáöÍö. æóÇáúÍóÇÕöáõ Ãóäøó ÇáúãõÑóÇÏó ÈöÇáÊøóÞúíöíÏö äóÝúíõ ÇáúÎóíúÑö ÇáúßóÇãöáö Úóäú Êöáúßó ÇáúÃóÚúãóÇáö ÇáÕøóÇáöÍóÉö Åöäú áóãú íóßõäú ÝóÇÚöáõæåóÇ ãõÄúãöäöíäó ÈöÇááøóåö ÍóÞøó ÇáúÅöíãóÇäö¡ æóåóÐóÇ ßóÞóæúáöåö ÊóÚóÇáóì: Ýóßøõ ÑóÞóÈóÉò Ãóæú ÅöØúÚÇãñ Ýöí íóæúãò Ðöí ãóÓúÛóÈóÉò íóÊöíãÇð ÐóÇ ãóÞúÑóÈóÉò Ãóæú ãöÓúßöíäÇð ÐóÇ ãóÊúÑóÈóÉò Ëõãøó ßÇäó ãöäó ÇáøóÐöíäó ÂãóäõæÇ [ÇáúÈóáóÏ: 13- 17] æóÊóÃúæöíáõ ÇáúÂíóÉö ÈöÛóíúÑö åóÐóÇ ÚõÏõæáñ ÈöåóÇ Úóäú ãóåúíóÚö ÇáúæõÖõæÍö.
æóÞóæúáõåõ: æóáÇ ÊóÞúÚõÏõæÇ Èößõáøö ÕöÑÇØò ÊõæÚöÏõæäó åóÐóÇ ÇáúÃóÕúáõ ÇáËøóÇáöËõ ãöäú ÏóÚúæóÊöåö æóåõæó Çáäøóåúíõ Úóäö ÇáÊøóÚóÑøõÖö áöáäøóÇÓö Ïõæäó ÇáúÅöíãóÇäö¡ ÝóÅöäøóåõ ÈóÚúÏó Ãóäú ÃóãóÑóåõãú ÈöÇáúÅöíãóÇäö ÈöÇááøóåö æóãóÇ íóÊóØóáøóÈõåõ ãöäó ÇáúÃóÚúãóÇáö ÇáÕøóÇáöÍóÉö¡ æóÝöí Ðóáößó ÕóáóÇÍõ ÃóäúÝõÓöåöãú¡ Ãóíú ÃóÕúáöÍõæÇ ÃóäúÝõÓóßõãú æóáóÇ ÊóãúäóÚõæÇ ãóäú íóÑúÛóÈõ Ýöí ÅöÕúáóÇÍö äóÝúÓöåö Ðóáößó Ãóäøóåõãú ßóÇäõæÇ íóÕõÏøõæäó æõÝõæÏó ÇáäøóÇÓö Úóäö ÇáÏøõÎõæáö Åöáóì ÇáúãóÏöíäóÉö ÇáøóÊöí ßóÇäó ÈöåóÇ ÔõÚóíúÈñ Úóáóíúåö ÇáÓøóáóÇãõ áöÆóáøóÇ íõÄúãöäõæÇ Èöåö. ÝóÇáúãõÑóÇÏõ ÈöÇáÕøöÑóÇØö ÇáØøóÑöíÞö ÇáúãõæÕöáóÉö Åöáóì áöÞóÇÁö ÔõÚóíúÈò Úóáóíúåö ÇáÓøóáóÇãõ.
æóÇáúÞõÚõæÏõ ãõÓúÊóÚúãóáñ ßöäóÇíóÉð Úóäú áóÇÒöãóÉò æóåõæó ÇáúãõáóÇÒóãóÉõ æóÇáöÇÓúÊöÞúÑóÇÑõ¡ æóÞóÏú ÊóÞóÏøóãó ÚöäúÏó Þóæúáöåö ÊóÚóÇáóì: áóÃóÞúÚõÏóäøó áóåõãú ÕöÑÇØóßó ÇáúãõÓúÊóÞöíãó Ýöí åóÐöåö ÇáÓøõæÑóÉö [16] .
æó (ßõáøö) áöáúÚõãõæãö æóåõæó Úõãõæãñ ÚõÑúÝöíøñ¡ Ãóíú ßõáøö ÕöÑóÇØò ãõÈóáøöÛò Åöáóì ÇáúÞóÑúíóÉö Ãóæú Åöáóì ãóäúÒöáö ÔõÚóíúÈò
Úóáóíúåö ÇáÓøóáóÇãõ¡ æóíóÌõæÒõ Ãóäú Êóßõæäó ßóáöãóÉõ (ßõáøö) ãõÓúÊóÚúãóáóÉñ Ýöí ÇáúßóËúÑóÉö ßóãóÇ ÊóÞóÏøóãó.
æóÇáúÈóÇÁõ áöáúÅöáúÕóÇÞö¡ Ãóæú åöíó ÈöãóÚúäóì (Ýöí) ßóÔóÃúäöåóÇ ÅöÐóÇ ÏóÎóáóÊú Úóáóì ÃóÓúãóÇÁö ÇáúãóäóÇÒöáö. ßóÞóæúáö ÇãúÑöÆö ÇáúÞóíúÓö:
ÈöÓöÞúØö Çááøöæóì ÇáúÈóíúÊó.
æóÌõãúáóÉõ: ÊõæÚöÏõæäó ÍóÇáñ ãöäú ÖóãöíÑö ÊóÞúÚõÏõæÇ æóÇáúÅöíÚóÇÏõ: ÇáúæóÚúÏõ ÈöÇáÔøóÑøö. æóÇáúãóÞúÕõæÏõ ãöäó ÇáúÅöíÚóÇÏö ÇáÕøóÏøõ¡ Ýóíóßõæäõ ÚóØúÝõ ÌõãúáóÉò æóÊóÕõÏøõæäó ÚóØúÝõ ÚöáøóÉò Úóáóì ãóÚúáõæáò¡ Ãóæú ÃõÑöíÏõ ÊõæÚöÏõæäó ÇáúãõÕóãøöãöíäó Úóáóì ÇÊøöÈóÇÚö ÇáúÅöíãóÇäö¡ æóÊóÕõÏøõæäó ÇáøóÐöíäó áóãú íõÕóãøöãõæÇ Ýóåõæó ÚóØúÝõ ÚóÇãò Úóáóì ÎóÇÕøò.(8-È/246)
æó (ãóäú Âãóäó) íóÊóäóÇÒóÚõåõ ßõáøõ ãöäú ÊõæÚöÏõæäó æóÊóÕõÏøõæäó.
æóÇáÊøóÚúÈöíÑõ ÈöÇáúãóÇÖöí Ýöí Þóæúáöåö: ãóäú Âãóäó Èöåö ÚöæóÖðÇ Úóäö ÇáúãõÖóÇÑöÚö¡ ÍóíúËõ ÇáúãõÑóÇÏõ Èöãóäú Âãóäó ÞóÇÕöÏõ ÇáúÅöíãóÇäö¡ ÝóÇáÊøóÚúÈöíÑõ Úóäúåõ ÈöÇáúãóÇÖöí áöÊóÍúÞöíÞö ÚóÒúãö ÇáúÞóÇÕöÏö Úóáóì ÇáúÅöíãóÇäö Ýóåõæó áóæúáóÇ Ãóäøóåõãú íóÕõÏøõæäóåõ áóßóÇäó ÞóÏú Âãóäó.
æÓóÈöíáö Çááøóåö ÇáÏøöíäõ áöÃóäøóåõ ãËá ÇáØøóÑöíÞ ÇáúãæÕá Åöáóì Çááøóåö¡ Ãóíú Åöáóì ÇáúÞõÑúÈö ãöäú ãóÑúÖóÇÊöåö.
æóãóÚúäóì ÊóÈúÛõæäóåÇ ÚöæóÌÇð ÊóÈúÛõæäó áöÓóÈöíáö Çááøóåö ÚöæóÌðÇ ÅöÐú ßóÇäõæÇ íóÒúÚõãõæäó Ãóäøó ãóÇ íóÏúÚõæ Åöáóíúåö ÔõÚóíúÈñ ÈóÇØöáñ¡ íõÞóÇáõ: ÈóÛóÇåõ ÈöãóÚúäóì ØóáóÈó áóåõ¡ ÝóÃóÕúáõåõ ÈóÛóì áóåõ ÝóÍóÐóÝõæÇ ÍóÑúÝó ÇáúÌóÑøö áößóËúÑóÉö ÇáöÇÓúÊöÚúãóÇáö Ãóæú áöÊóÖúãöíäö ÈóÛóì ãóÚúäóì ÃóÚúØóì.
æóÇáúÚöæóÌõ- ÈößóÓúÑö ÇáúÚóíúäö- ÚóÏóãõ ÇáöÇÓúÊöÞóÇãóÉö Ýöí ÇáúãóÚóÇäöí¡ æóÈöÝóÊúÍö ÇáúÚóíúäö: ÚóÏóãõ ÇÓúÊöÞóÇãóÉö ÇáÐøóÇÊö¡ æóÇáúãóÚúäóì: ÊõÍóÇæöáõæäó Ãóäú ÊóÕöÝõæÇ ÏóÚúæóÉó ÔõÚóíúÈò ÇáúãõÓúÊóÞöíãóÉó ÈöÃóäøóåóÇ ÈóÇØöáñ æóÖóáóÇáñ¡ ßóãóäú íõÍóÇæöáõ ÇÚúæöÌóÇÌó ÚõæÏò ãõÓúÊóÞöíãò. æóÊóÞóÏøóãó äóÙöíÑõ åóÐóÇ Ýöí åóÐöåö ÇáÓøõæÑóÉö Ýöí ÐößúÑö äöÏóÇÁö ÃóÕúÍóÇÈö ÇáúÌóäøóÉö ÃóÕúÍóÇÈó ÇáäøóÇÑö.
æóÅöäøóãóÇ ÃóÎøóÑó Çáäøóåúíó Úóäö ÇáÕøóÏøö Úóäú ÓóÈöíáö Çááøóåö¡ ÈóÚúÏó ÌõãúáóÉö Ðáößõãú ÎóíúÑñ áóßõãú Åöäú ßõäúÊõãú ãõÄúãöäöíäó æóáóãú íóÌúÚóáúåõ Ýöí äóÓóÞö ÇáúÃóæóÇãöÑö æóÇáäøóæóÇåöí ÇáúãóÇÖöíóÉö Ëõãøó íõÚóÞøöÈúåõ ÈöÞóæúáöåö: Ðáößõãú ÎóíúÑñ áóßõãú áöÃóäøóåõ ÑóÊøóÈó ÇáúßóáóÇãó Úóáóì ÇáöÇÈúÊöÏóÇÁö ÈöÇáÏøóÚúæóÉö Åöáóì ÇáÊøóæúÍöíÏö¡ Ëõãøó Åöáóì ÇáúÃóÚúãóÇáö ÇáÕøóÇáöÍóÉö áöãõäóÇÓóÈóÉö Ãóäøó ÇáúÌóãöíÚó Ýöíåö ÕóáóÇÍõ ÇáúãõÎóÇØóÈöíäó¡ ÝóÃóÚúÞóÈóåóÇ ÈöÈóíóÇäö ÃóäøóåóÇ ÎóíúÑñ áóåõãú Åöäú ßóÇäõæÇ ãõÄúãöäöíäó ÝóÃóÚóÇÏó ÊóäúÈöíåóåõãú
Åöáóì ÇáúÅöíãóÇäö æóÅöáóì Ãóäøóåõ ÔóÑúØñ Ýöí ÕóáóÇÍö ÇáúÃóÚúãóÇáö¡ æóÈöãõäóÇÓóÈóÉö ÐößúÑö ÇáúÅöíãóÇäö ÚóÇÏó Åöáóì Çáäøóåúíö Úóäú ÕóÏøö ÇáÑøóÇÛöÈöíäó Ýöíåö¡ ÝóåóÐóÇ ãöËúáõ ÇáÊøóÑúÊöíÈö Ýöí Þóæúáö ÇãúÑöÆö ÇáúÞóíúÓö:
ßóÃóäøöí áóãú ÃóÑúßóÈú ÌóæóÇÏðÇ áöáóÐøóÉò ... æóáóãú ÃóÊóÈóØøóäú ßóÇÚöÈðÇ ÐóÇÊó ÎõáúÎóÇáö
æóáóãú ÃóÓúÈóÃö ÇáÑøóÇÍó ÇáúßõãóíúÊó æóáóãú ÃóÞõáú ... áöÎóíúáöí ßõÑøöí ßóÑøóÉð ÈóÚúÏó ÅöÌúÝóÇáö
Ñóæóì ÇáúæóÇÍöÏöíøõ Ýöí «ÔóÑúÍö ÏöíæóÇäö ÇáúãõÊóäóÈøöí» Ãóäøó ÇáúãõÊóäóÈøöí áóãøóÇ ÃóäúÔóÏó ÓóíúÝó ÇáÏøóæúáóÉö Þóæúáóåõ Ýöíåö:(8-È/247)
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ÊóãõÑøõ Èößó ÇáúÃóÈúØóÇáõ ßóáúãóì ÍóÒöíäóÉð ... æóæóÌúåõßó æóÖøóÇÍñ æóËóÛúÑõßó ÈóÇÓöãõ
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æóÐóßøóÑóåõãú ÔõÚóíúÈñ Úóáóíúåö ÇáÓøóáóÇãõ ÚóÞöÈó Ðóáößó ÈöÊóßúËöíÑö Çááøóåö ÅöíøóÇåõãú ÈóÚúÏó Ãóäú ßóÇäõæÇ ÞóáöíáðÇ¡ æóåöíó äöÚúãóÉñ Úóáóíúåöãú¡ ÅöÐú ÕóÇÑõæÇ ÃõãøóÉð ÈóÚúÏó Ãóäú ßóÇäõæÇ ãóÚúÔóÑðÇ.
æóãóÚúäóì ÊóßúËöíÑö Çááøóåö ÅöíøóÇåõãú ÊóíúÓöíÑõåõ ÃóÓúÈóÇÈó ÇáúßóËúÑóÉö áóåõãú ÈöÃóäú Þóæøóì Ýöíåöãú ÞõæøóÉó ÇáÊøóäóÇÓõáö¡
æóÍóÝöÙóåõãú ãöäú ÃóÓúÈóÇÈö ÇáúãóæóÊóÇäö¡ æóíóÓøóÑó áöäóÓúáöåöãõ ÇáúíöÝóÇÚóÉó ÍóÊøóì ßóËõÑóÊú ãóæóÇáöíÏõåõãú æóÞóáøóÊú æóÝöíøóÇÊõåõãú¡ ÝóÕóÇÑõæÇ ÚóÏóÏðÇ ßóËöíÑðÇ Ýöí Òóãóäò áóÇ íõÚúåóÏõ Ýöí ãöËúáöåö ãóÕöíÑõ ÃõãøóÉò Åöáóì ÚóÏóÏöåöãú¡ ÝóíõÚóÏøõ ãóäúÚõåõãõ ÇáäøóÇÓó ãöäó ÇáÏøõÎõæáö Ýöí Ïöíäö Çááøóåö ÓóÚúíðÇ Ýöí ÊóÞúáöíáö ÍöÒúÈö Çááøóåö¡ æóÐóáößó ßõÝúÑóÇäñ áöäöÚúãóÉö Çááøóåö Úóáóíúåöãú ÈöÃóäú ßóËøóÑóåõãú¡ æóáöíõÞóÇÈöáõæÇ ÇÚúÊöÈóÇÑó(8-È/248)
åóÐöåö ÇáäøöÚúãóÉö ÈöÇÚúÊöÈóÇÑö äöÞúãóÊöåö ÊóÚóÇáóì ãöäó ÇáøóÐöíäó ÛóÖöÈó Úóáóíúåöãú¡ ÅöÐö ÇÓúÊóÃúÕóáóåõãú ÈóÚúÏó Ãóäú ßóÇäõæÇ ßóËöíÑðÇ ÝóÐóáößó ãöäú ÊóãóÇíõÒö ÇáúÃóÔúíóÇÁö ÈöÃóÖúÏóÇÏöåóÇ.
ÝóáöÐóáößó ÃóÚúÞóÈóåõ ÈöÞóæúáöåö: æóÇäúÙõÑõæÇ ßóíúÝó ßÇäó ÚÇÞöÈóÉõ ÇáúãõÝúÓöÏöíäó. æóÝöí åóÐóÇ ÇáúßóáóÇãö ÌóãúÚñ Èóíúäó ØóÑöíÞóíö ÇáÊøóÑúÛöíÈö æóÇáÊøóÑúåöíÈö.
æóÞóáöíáñ æóÕúÝñ íóáúÒóãõ ÇáúÅöÝúÑóÇÏó æóÇáÊøóÐúßöíÑó¡ ãöËúáõ ßóËöíÑò¡ æóÞóÏú ÊóÞóÏøóãó Ðóáößó ÚöäúÏó Þóæúáöåö ÊóÚóÇáóì:
æóßóÃóíøöäú ãöäú äÈíÁ ÞÇÊóáó ãóÚóåõ ÑöÈøöíøõæäó ßóËöíÑñ Ýöí ÓõæÑóÉö Âáö ÚöãúÑóÇäó [146] .
æóÇáúãõÑóÇÏõ Èö ÇáúãõÝúÓöÏöíäó ÇáøóÐöíäó ÃóÝúÓóÏõæÇ ÃóäúÝõÓóåõãú ÈöÚóÞöíÏóÉö ÇáÔøöÑúßö æóÈöÃóÚúãóÇáö ÇáÖøóáóÇáö¡ æÃÝÓÏæÇ ÇáúãõÌúÊóãÚ ÈãÎÇáÝÉ ÇáÔøóÑóÇÆöÚö¡ æóÃóÝúÓóÏõæÇ ÇáäøóÇÓó ÈöÅöãúÏóÇÏöåöãú ÈöÇáÖøóáóÇáö æóÕóÏøöåöãú Úóäö ÇáúåõÏóì¡ æóáöÐóáößó áã íõÄúÊ: á ÇáúãõÝúÓöÏöíäó ÈöãõÊóÚóáøöÞò áöÃóäøóåõ ÇÚúÊõÈöÑó ÕöÝóÉð¡ æóÞõØöÚó Úóäú ãõÔóÇÈóåóÉö ÇáúÝöÚúáö¡ Ãóíö ÇáøóÐöíäó ÚõÑöÝõæÇ ÈöÇáúÅöÝúÓóÇÏö. æóåóÐóÇ ÇáúÎöØóÇÈõ ãóÞúÕõæÏñ ãöäúåõ ÇáúßóÇÝöÑõæäó ãöäú Þóæúãöåö ÇÈúÊöÏóÇÁð¡ æóÝöíåö ÊóÐúßöíÑñ áöáúãõÄúãöäöíäó ãöäúåõãú ÈöäöÚúãóÉö Çááøóåö¡ ÝóÅöäøóåóÇ ÊóÔúãóáõåõãú æóÈöÇáöÇÚúÊöÈóÇÑö Èöãóäú ãóÖóæúÇ ÝóÅöäøóåõ íóäúÝóÚõåõãú¡ æóÝöí åóÐóÇ ÇáúßóáóÇãö ÊóÚúÑöíÖñ ÈöÇáúæóÚúÏö áöáúãõÓúáöãöíäó æóÈöÇáÊøóÓúáöíóÉö áóåõãú Úóáóì ãóÇ íõáóÇÞõæäóåõ ãöäú ãõÝúÓöÏöí Ãóåúáö ÇáÔøöÑúßö áöÇäúØöÈóÇÞö ÍóÇáö ÇáúÝóÑöíÞóíúäö Úóáóì ÍóÇáö ÇáúÝóÑöíÞóíúäö ãöäú Þóæúãö ÔõÚóíúÈò Úóáóíúåö ÇáÓøóáóÇãõ.
æó (ÅöÐú) Ýöí Þóæúáöåö: ÅöÐú ßõäúÊõãú ÞóáöíáðÇ ÇÓúãõ ÒóãóÇäò¡ ÛóíúÑõ ÙóÑúÝò Ýóåõæó Ýöí ãóÍóáøö ÇáúãóÝúÚõæáö Èöåö Ãóíö ÇÐúßõÑõæÇ ÒóãóÇäó ßõäúÊõãú ÞóáöíáðÇ ÝóÃóÚúÞóÈóåõ ÈöÃóäú ßóËøóÑóßõãú Ýöí ãõÏøóÉò ÞóÑöíÈóÉò.
æÇáØÇÆÝÉ ÇáúÌóãóÇÚóÉõ ÐóÇÊõ ÇáúÚóÏóÏö ÇáúßóËöíÑö æóÊóÞóÏøóãóÊú ÚöäúÏó Þóæúáöåö ÊóÚóÇáóì: ÝóáúÊóÞõãú ØÇÆöÝóÉñ ãöäúåõãú ãóÚóßó Ýöí ÓõæÑóÉö ÇáäøöÓóÇÁö [102] .
æóÇáÔøóÑúØõ Ýöí Þóæúáöåö: æóÅöäú ßÇäó ØÇÆöÝóÉñ ÃóÝóÇÏó ÊóÚúáöíÞó ÍõÕõæáö ãóÖúãõæäö ÇáúÌóÒóÇÁö Ýöí ÇáúãõÓúÊóÞúÈóáö¡ ÃóÚúäöí ãóÇ ÊóÖóãøóäóåõ ÇáúæóÚöíÏõ áöáúßóÇÝöÑöíäó Èöåö æóÇáúæóÚúÏõ áöáúãõÄúãöäöíäó¡ Úóáóì ÊóÍóÞøõÞö ÍõÕõæáö ãóÖúãõæäö ÝöÚúáö ÇáÔøóÑúØö¡ áóÇ Úóáóì ÊóÑóÞøõÈö ÍõÕõæáö ãóÖúãõæäöåö¡ áöÃóäøóåõ(8-È/249)
ãóÚúáõæãõ ÇáúÍõÕõæáö¡ ÝóÇáúãóÇÖöí ÇáúæóÇÞöÚõ ÝöÚúáðÇ áöáÔøóÑúØö åõäóÇ ãóÇÖò ÍóÞöíÞöíø æóáóíúÓó ãÄæáÇ ÈöÇáúãõÓúÊóÞúÈóáö¡ ßóãóÇ åõæó ÇáúÛóÇáöÈõ Ýöí æõÞõæÚö ÇáúãóÇÖöí Ýöí ÓöíóÇÞö ÇáÔøóÑúØö ÈöÞóÑöíäóÉö ßóæúäöåö ãóÚúáõæãó ÇáúÍõÕõæáö¡ æóÈöÞóÑöíäóÉö ÇáäøóÝúíö Èöáóãö ÇáúãóÚúØõæÝö Úóáóì
ÇáÔøóÑúØö ÝóÅöäøó (áóãú) ÕóÑöíÍóÉñ Ýöí ÇáúãõÖöíøö¡ æóåóÐóÇ ãöËúáõ Þóæúáöåö ÊóÚóÇáóì: Åöäú ßõäúÊõ ÞõáúÊõåõ ÝóÞóÏú ÚóáöãúÊóåõ [ÇáúãóÇÆöÏóÉ: 116] ÈöÞóÑöíäóÉò. (ÞóÏú) ÅöÐö ÇáúãóÇÖöí ÇáúãóÏúÎõæá áÞÏ áóÇ íõÞúáóÈõ Åöáóì ãóÚúäóì ÇáúãõÓúÊóÞúÈóáö.
ÝóÇáúãóÚúäóì: Åöäú ÊóÈóíøóäó Ãóäøó ØóÇÆöÝóÉð ÂãóäõæÇ æóØóÇÆöÝóÉð ßóÝóÑõæÇ ÝóÓóíóÍúßõãõ Çááøóåõ ÈóíúäóäóÇ ÝóÇÕúÈöÑõæÇ ÍÊøì íÍßã æíÄæá ÇáúãóÚúäóì: Åöäö ÇÎúÊóáóÝúÊõãú Ýöí ÊóÕúÏöíÞöí ÝóÓóíóÙúåóÑõ ÇáúÍõßúãõ ÈöÃóäøöí ÕóÇÏöÞñ.
æóáóíúÓóÊú (Åöäú) ÈöãõÝöíÏóÉö ÇáÔøóßøö Ýöí æõÞõæÚö ÇáÔøóÑúØö ßóãóÇ åõæó ÇáÔøóÃúäõ¡ Èóáö ÇÌúÊõáöÈóÊú åõäóÇ áöÃóäøóåóÇ ÃóÕúáõ ÃóÏóæóÇÊö ÇáÔøóÑúØö¡ æóÅöäøóãóÇ íõÝöíÏõ ãóÚúäóì ÇáÔøóßøö Ãóæú ãóÇ íóÞúÑõÈõ ãöäúåõ ÅöÐóÇ æóÞóÚó ÇáúÚõÏõæáõ Úóäö ÇÌúÊöáóÇÈö (ÅöÐóÇ) Íöíäó íóÕöÍøõ ÇÌúÊöáóÇÈõåóÇ¡ ÝóÃóãøóÇ ÅöÐóÇ áóãú íóÕöÍøó ÇÌúÊöáóÇÈõ (ÅöÐóÇ) ÝóáóÇ ÊóÏõáøõ (Åöäú) Úóáóì Ôóßøò æóßóíúÝó ÊõÝöíÏõ ÇáÔøóßøó ãóÚó ÊóÍóÞøõÞö ÇáúãõÖöíøö¡ æóäóÙöíÑõåõ Þóæúáõ ÇáäøóÇÈöÛóÉö:
áóÆöäú ßõäúÊó ÞóÏú ÈõáøöÛúÊó Úóäøöí æöÔóÇíóÉð ... áóãõÈúáöÛõßó ÇáúæóÇÔöí ÃóÛóÔøõ æóÃóßúÐóÈõ
æóÇáÕøóÈúÑõ: ÍóÈúÓõ ÇáäøóÝúÓö Ýöí ÍóÇáö ÇáÊøóÑóÞøõÈö¡ ÓóæóÇÁñ ßóÇäó ÊóÑóÞøõÈó ãóÍúÈõæÈò Ãóãú ÊóÑóÞøõÈó ãóßúÑõæåò¡ æóÃóÔúåóÑõ ÇÓúÊöÚúãóÇáöåö Ãóäú íõØúáóÞó Úóáóì ÍóÈúÓö ÇáäøóÝúÓö Ýöí ÍóÇáö ÝõÞúÏóÇäö ÇáúÃóãúÑö ÇáúãóÍúÈõæÈö¡ æóÞóÏú ÌóÇÁó Ýöí åóÐöåö ÇáúÂíóÉö ãõÓúÊóÚúãóáðÇ Ýöí ÇáúÞóÏúÑö ÇáúãõÔúÊóÑóßö áöÃóäøóåõ ÎõæØöÈó Èöåö ÇáúÝóÑöíÞóÇäö: ÇáúãõÄúãöäõæäó æóÇáúßóÇÝöÑõæäó¡ æóÕóÈúÑõ ßõáøò ÈöãóÇ íõäóÇÓöÈõåõ¡ æóáóÚóáøóåõ ÑóÌóÍó Ýöíåö ÍóÇáõ ÇáúãõÄúãöäöíäó¡ ÝóÝöíåö ÅöíÐóÇäñ ÈöÃóäøó ÇáúÍõßúãó ÇáúãõÊóÑóÞøóÈó åõæó Ýöí ãóäúÝóÚóÉö ÇáúãõÄúãöäöíäó¡ æóÞóÏú ÞóÇáó ÈóÚúÖõ ÇáúãõÝóÓøöÑöíäó: Åöäøóåõ ÎöØóÇÈñ áöáúãõÄúãöäöíäó ÎóÇÕøóÉð.
æÍóÊøóì ÊõÝöíÏó ÛóÇíóÉð áöáÕøóÈúÑö¡ æóåöíó ãõÄúÐöäóÉñ ÈöÃóäøó ÇáÊøóÞúÏöíÑó: æóÅöäú ßóÇäó ØóÇÆöÝóÉñ ãöäúßõãú ÂãóäõæÇ æóØóÇÆöÝóÉñ áóãú íõÄúãöäõæÇ ÝóÓóíóÍúßõãõ Çááøóåõ ÈóíúäóäóÇ ÝóÇÕúÈöÑõæÇ ÍóÊøóì íóÍúßõãó.
æóÍõßúãõ Çááøóåö ÃõÑöíÏó Èöåö Íõßúãñ Ýöí ÇáÏøõäúíóÇ ÈöÅöÙúåóÇÑö ÃóËóÑö ÛóÖóÈöåö Úóáóì ÃóÍóÏö ÇáúÝóÑöíÞóíúäö æóÑöÖóÇåõ Úóáóì ÇáøóÐöíäó ÎóÇáóÝõæåõãú¡ ÝóíóÙúåóÑõ ÇáúãõÍöÞøõ ãöäó ÇáúãõÈúØöáö¡ æóåóÐóÇ ÕóÏóÑó Úóäú ËöÞóÉö ÔõÚóíúÈò Úóáóíúåö ÇáÓøóáóÇãõ ÈöÃóäøó Çááøóåó ÓóíóÍúßõãõ Èóíúäóåõ æóÈóíúäó Þóæúãöåö ÇÓúÊöäóÇÏðÇ áöæóÚúÏö(8-È/250)
Çááøóåö ÅöíøóÇåõ ÈöÇáäøóÕúÑö Úóáóì Þóæúãöåö¡ Ãóæú áöÚöáúãöåö ÈöÓõäøóÉö Çááøóåö Ýöí ÑõÓõáöåö æóãóäú ßóÐøóÈóåõãú ÈöÅöÎúÈóÇÑö Çááøóåö ÊóÚóÇáóì ÅöíøóÇåõ ÈöÐóáößó¡ æóáóæúáóÇ Ðóáößó áóÌóÇÒó Ãóäú íóÊóÃóÎøóÑó ÇáúÍõßúãõ Èóíúäó ÇáúÝóÑöíÞóíúäö Åöáóì íóæúãö ÇáúÍöÓóÇÈö¡ æóáóíúÓó åõæó ÇáúãõÑóÇÏó ãöäú ßóáóÇãöåö áöÃóäøóåõ áóÇ íõäóÇÓöÈõ Þóæúáóåõ: ÝóÇÕúÈöÑõæÇ ÅöÐóÇ ßóÇäó ÎöØóÇÈðÇ áöáúÝóÑöíÞóíúäö¡ ÝóÅöäú ßóÇäó ÎöØóÇÈðÇ áöáúãõÄúãöäöíäó ÎóÇÕøóÉð ÕóÍøó ÅöÑóÇÏóÉõ ÇáúÍõßúãóíúäö ÌóãöíÚðÇ.
æóÃóÏúÎóáó äóÝúÓóåõ Ýöí ÇáúãóÍúßõæãö Èóíúäóåõãú ÈöÖóãöíÑö ÇáúãõÔóÇÑóßóÉö áöÃóäøó ÇáúÍõßúãó ÇáúãõÊóÚóáøöÞó ÈöÇáúÝóÑöíÞö ÇáøóÐöíäó ÂãóäõæÇ Èöåö íõÚúÊóÈóÑõ ÔóÇãöáðÇ áóåõ áöÃóäøóåõ ãõÄúãöäñ ÈöÑöÓóÇáóÉö äóÝúÓöåö.
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æÎóíúÑõ: ÇÓúãõ ÊóÝúÖöíáò ÃóÕúáõåõ ÃóÎúíóÑõ ÝóÎóÝøóÝõæåõ áößóËúÑóÉö ÇáöÇÓúÊöÚúãóÇáö(8-È/251)
ÞóÇáó ÇáúãóáóÃõ ÇáøóÐöíäó ÇÓúÊóßúÈóÑõæÇ ãöäú Þóæúãöåö áóäõÎúÑöÌóäøóßó íóÇ ÔõÚóíúÈõ æóÇáøóÐöíäó ÂãóäõæÇ ãóÚóßó ãöäú ÞóÑúíóÊöäóÇ Ãóæú áóÊóÚõæÏõäøó Ýöí ãöáøóÊöäóÇ ÞóÇáó Ãóæóáóæú ßõäøóÇ ßóÇÑöåöíäó (88) ÞóÏö ÇÝúÊóÑóíúäóÇ Úóáóì Çááøóåö ßóÐöÈðÇ Åöäú ÚõÏúäóÇ Ýöí ãöáøóÊößõãú ÈóÚúÏó ÅöÐú äóÌøóÇäóÇ Çááøóåõ ãöäúåóÇ æóãóÇ íóßõæäõ áóäóÇ Ãóäú äóÚõæÏó ÝöíåóÇ ÅöáøóÇ Ãóäú íóÔóÇÁó Çááøóåõ ÑóÈøõäóÇ æóÓöÚó ÑóÈøõäóÇ ßõáøó ÔóíúÁò ÚöáúãðÇ Úóáóì Çááøóåö ÊóæóßøóáúäóÇ ÑóÈøóäóÇ ÇÝúÊóÍú ÈóíúäóäóÇ æóÈóíúäó ÞóæúãöäóÇ ÈöÇáúÍóÞøö æóÃóäúÊó ÎóíúÑõ ÇáúÝóÇÊöÍöíäó (89)
[ÓõæÑóÉ ÇáúÃóÚúÑóÇÝ (7) : ÇáúÂíóÇÊ 88 Çáì 89]
ÞÇáó ÇáúãóáóÃõ ÇáøóÐöíäó ÇÓúÊóßúÈóÑõæÇ ãöäú Þóæúãöåö áóäõÎúÑöÌóäøóßó íóÇ ÔõÚóíúÈõ æóÇáøóÐöíäó ÂãóäõæÇ ãóÚóßó ãöäú ÞóÑúíóÊöäÇ Ãóæú áóÊóÚõæÏõäøó Ýöí ãöáøóÊöäÇ ÞÇáó Ãóæóáóæú ßõäøóÇ ßÇÑöåöíäó (88) ÞóÏö ÇÝúÊóÑóíúäÇ Úóáóì Çááøóåö ßóÐöÈÇð Åöäú ÚõÏúäÇ Ýöí ãöáøóÊößõãú ÈóÚúÏó ÅöÐú äóÌøóÇäóÇ Çááøóåõ ãöäúåÇ æóãÇ íóßõæäõ áóäÇ Ãóäú äóÚõæÏó ÝöíåÇ ÅöáÇøó Ãóäú íóÔÇÁó Çááøóåõ ÑóÈøõäÇ æóÓöÚó ÑóÈøõäÇ ßõáøó ÔóíúÁò ÚöáúãÇð Úóáóì Çááøóåö ÊóæóßøóáúäÇ ÑóÈøóäóÇ ÇÝúÊóÍú ÈóíúäóäÇ æóÈóíúäó ÞóæúãöäÇ ÈöÇáúÍóÞøö æóÃóäúÊó ÎóíúÑõ ÇáúÝÇÊöÍöíäó (89)
ßóÇäó ÌóæóÇÈõåõãú Úóäú ÍõÌøóÉö ÔõÚóíúÈò ÌóæóÇÈó ÇáúãõÝúÍóãö Úóäö ÇáúÍõÌøóÉö¡ ÇáÕøóÇÆöÑö Åöáóì ÇáÔøöÏøóÉö¡ ÇáúãõÒúÏóåöí ÈöÇáúÞõæøóÉö¡ ÇáúãõÊóæóÞøöÚö Ãóäú íóßúËõÑó ãõÚóÇäöÏõæåõ¡ ÝóáöÐóáößó ÚóÏóáõæÇ Åöáóì ÅöÞúÕóÇÁö ÔõÚóíúÈò æóÃóÊúÈóÇÚöåö Úóäú ÈöáóÇÏöåöãú ÎóÔúíóÉó ÙõåõæÑö ÏóÚúæóÊöåö Èóíúäó Þóæúãöåöãú¡ æóÈóËøö ÃóÊúÈóÇÚöåö ÏóÚúæóÊóåõ Èóíúäó ÇáäøóÇÓö¡ ÝóáöÐóáößó ÞóÇáõæÇ:
áóäõÎúÑöÌóäøóßó íóÇ ÔõÚóíúÈõ æóÇáøóÐöíäó ÂãóäõæÇ ãóÚóßó ãöäú ÞóÑúíóÊöäÇ.
æóÊóÝúÓöíÑõ ÕóÏúÑö ÇáúÂíóÉö åõæó ßóÊóÝúÓöíÑö äóÙöíÑöåö ãöäú ÞöÕøóÉö ËóãõæÏó.
æóÅöíËóÇÑõ æóÕúÝöåöãú ÈöÇáöÇÓúÊößúÈóÇÑö åõäóÇ Ïõæäó ÇáúßõÝúÑö¡ ãóÚó Ãóäøóåõ áã íÍß Úäã åóäóÇ ÎöØóÇÈõ ÇáúãõÓúÊóÖúÚóÝöíäó¡ ÍóÊøóì íóßõæäó ÐößúÑõ ÇáöÇÓúÊößúÈóÇÑö ÅöÔóÇÑóÉ Åöáóì Ããøåã ÇÓúÊóÖúÚóÝõæÇ ÇáúãõÄúãöäöíäó ßóãóÇ ÇÞúÊóÖóÊúåõ ÞöÕøóÉõ ËóãõæÏó¡ ÝóÇÎúÊöíÑó æóÕúÝõ ÇáöÇÓúÊößúÈóÇÑö åõäóÇ áöãõäóÇÓóÈóÉö ãõÎóÇØóÈóÊöåöãú ÔõÚóíúÈðÇ ÈöÇáúÅöÎúÑóÇÌö Ãóæö ÇáúÅößúÑóÇåö Úóáóì ÇÊøöÈóÇÚö Ïöíäöåöãú¡ æóÐóáößó ãöäú ÝöÚúáö ÇáúÌóÈøóÇÑöíäó ÃóÕúÍóÇÈö ÇáúÞõæøóÉö.
æóßóÇäó ÅöÎúÑóÇÌõ ÇáúãóÛúÖõæÈö Úóáóíúåö ãöäú ÏöíóÇÑö ÞóÈöíáóÊöåö ÚõÞõæÈóÉð ãõÊøóÈóÚóÉð Ýöí ÇáúÚóÑóÈö ÅöÐóÇ ÃóÌúãóÚóÊö ÇáúÞóÈöíáóÉõ Úóáóì Ðóáößó æóíõÓóãøóì åóÐóÇ ÇáúÅöÎúÑóÇÌõ ÚöäúÏó ÇáúÚóÑóÈö ÈöÇáúÎóáúÚö¡ æóÇáúãõÎúÑóÌö íõÓóãøóì ÎóáöíÚðÇ.
ÞóÇáó ÇãúÑõÄõ ÇáúÞóíúÓö:
Èöåö ÇáÐøöÆúÈõ íóÚúæöí ßóÇáúÎóáöíÚö ÇáúãõÚöíáö æóÃóßøóÏõæÇ ÇáÊøóæóÚøõÏó ÈöáóÇãö ÇáúÞóÓóãö æóäõæäö ÇáÊøóæúßöíÏö: áöíõæÞöäó ÔõÚóíúÈñ ÈöÃóäøóåõãú ãõäúÌöÒõæ Ðóáößó ÇáúæóÚöíÏö.(9/5)
æóÎöØóÇÈõåõãú ÅöíøóÇåõ ÈöÇáäøöÏóÇÁö ÌóÇÑò Úóáóì ØóÑöíÞóÉö ÎöØóÇÈö ÇáúÛóÖóÈö¡ ßóãóÇ Íóßóì Çááøóåõ Þóæúáó ÂÒóÑó ÎöØóÇÈðÇ áöÅöÈúÑóÇåöíãó- Úóáóíúåö ÇáÓøóáóÇãõ- ÃóÑÇÛöÈñ ÃóäúÊó Úóäú ÂáöåóÊöí íóÇ ÅöÈúÑÇåöíãõ [ãóÑúíóã: 46] .
æóÞóæúáõåõ: ãóÚóßó ãõÊóÚóáøöÞñ Èö áóäõÎúÑöÌóäøóßó¡ æóãõÊóÚóáøöÞõ ÂãóäõæÇ ãóÍúÐõæÝñ¡ Ãóíú Èößó¡ áöÃóäøóåõãú
áóÇ íóÕöÝõæäóåõãú ÈöÇáúÅöíãóÇäö ÇáúÍóÞøö Ýöí ÇÚúÊöÞóÇÏöåöãú.
æóÇáúÞóÑúíóÉõ (ÇáúãóÏöíäóÉõ) áöÃóäøóåóÇ íóÌúÊóãöÚõ ÈöåóÇ ÇáÓøõßøóÇäõ. æóÇáÊøóÞóÑøöí: ÇáöÇÌúÊöãóÇÚõ. æóÞóÏú ÊóÞóÏøóãó ÚöäúÏó Þóæúáöåö ÊóÚóÇáóì: Ãóæú ßóÇáøóÐöí ãóÑøó Úóáì ÞóÑúíóÉò [ÇáúÈóÞóÑóÉ: 259] ¡ æóÇáúãõÑóÇÏõ ÈöÞóÑúíóÊöåöãú åõäóÇ åöíó (ÇáúÃóíúßóÉõ) æóåöíó (ÊóÈõæßõ) æóÞóÏú ÑóÏøóÏõæÇ ÃóãúÑó ÔõÚóíúÈò æóãóäú ãóÚóåõ Èóíúäó Ãóäú íóÎúÑõÌõæÇ ãöäó ÇáúÞóÑúíóÉö æóÈóíúäó ÇáúÚóæúÏö Åöáóì ãöáøóÉö ÇáúßõÝúÑö.
æóÞóÏú ÌóÚóáõæÇ ÚóæúÏó ÔõÚóíúÈò æóÇáøóÐöíäó ãóÚóåõ Åöáóì ãöáøóÉö ÇáúÞóæúãö ãõÞúÓóãðÇ Úóáóíúåö ÝóÞóÇáõæÇ: Ãóæú áóÊóÚõæÏõäøó æóáóãú íóÞõæáõæÇ: áóäõÎúÑöÌóäøóßõãú ãöäú ÃóÑúÖöäóÇ Ãóæú ÊóÚõæÏõäøó Ýöí ãöáøóÊöäóÇ¡ áöÃóäøóåõãú ÃóÑóÇÏõæÇ ÊóÑúÏöíÏó ÇáúÃóãúÑóíúäö Ýöí ÍóíøöÒö ÇáúÞóÓóãö áöÃóäøóåõãú ÝóÇÚöáõæäó ÃóÍóÏó ÇáúÃóãúÑóíúäö áóÇ ãóÍóÇáóÉó æóÃóäøóåõãú ãõáöÍøõæäó Ýöí ÚóæúÏöåöãú Åöáóì ãöáøóÊöåöãú.
æóßóÇäõæÇ íóÙõäøõæäó ÇÎúÊöíóÇÑóåõ ÇáúÚóæúÏó Åöáóì ãöáøóÊöåöãú¡ ÝóÃóßøóÏõæÇ åóÐóÇ ÇáúÚóæúÏó ÈöÇáúÞóÓóãö áöáúÅöÔóÇÑóÉö Åöáóì Ãóäøóåõ áóÇ ãóÍöíÏó Úóäú ÍõÕõæáöåö ÚöæóÖðÇ Úóäú ÍõÕõæáö ÇáúÅöÎúÑóÇÌö áöÃóäøó ÃóÍóÏó ÇáúÃóãúÑóíúäö ãõÑúÖò áöáúãõÞúÓöãöíäó¡ æóÃóíúÖðÇ ÝóÅöäøó ÇáÊøóæúßöíÏó ãõÄúÐöäñ ÈöÃóäøóåõãú Åöäú ÃóÈóæõÇ ÇáúÎõÑõæÌó ãöäó ÇáúÞóÑúíóÉö ÝóÅöäøóåõãú íõßúÑóåõæäó Úóáóì ÇáúÚóæúÏö Åöáóì ãöáøóÉö ÇáúÞóæúãö ßóãóÇ Ïóáøó Úóáóíúåö Þóæúáõ ÔõÚóíúÈò Ýöí ÌæÇÈåã: Ãóæóáóæú ßõäøóÇ ßÇÑöåöíäó æóáóãøóÇ ßóÇäó ÇáúãóÞóÇãõ áöáÊøóæóÚøõÏö æóÇáÊøóåúÏöíÏö ßóÇäó ÐößúÑõ ÇáúÅöÎúÑóÇÌö ãöäú ÃóÑúÖöåöãú Ãóåóãøó¡ ÝóáöÐóáößó ÞóÏøóãõæÇ ÇáúÞóÓóãó Úóáóíúåö Ëõãøó ÃóÚóÞóÈõæåõ ÈöÇáúãóÚúØõæÝö ÈöÍóÑúÝö (Ãóæú) .
æóÇáúÚóæúÏõ: ÇáÑøõÌõæÚõ Åöáóì ãóÇ ßóÇäó Ýöíåö ÇáúãóÑúÁõ ãöäú ãóßóÇäò Ãóæú Úóãóáò¡ æóÌóÚóáõæÇ ãõæóÇÝóÞóÉó ÔõÚóíúÈò ÅöíøóÇåõãú Úóáóì ÇáúßõÝúÑö ÚóæúÏðÇ áöÃóäøóåõãú íóÍúÓóÈõæäó ÔõÚóíúÈðÇ ßóÇäó Úóáóì Ïöíäöåöãú¡ ÍóíúËõ áóãú íóßõæäõæÇ íóÚúáóãõæäó ãöäúåõ ãóÇ íõÎóÇáöÝõ Ðóáößó¡ Ýóåõãú íóÍúÓóÈõæäóåõ¡ ãõæóÇÝöÞðÇ áóåõãú ãöäú ÞóÈúáõ Ãóäú íóÏúÚõæó Åöáóì ãóÇ ÏóÚóÇ Åöáóíúåö. æóÔóÃúäõ ÇáøóÐöíäó ÃóÑóÇÏóåõãõ Çááøóåõ áöáäøõÈõæÁóÉö Ãóäú íóßõæäõæÇ ÛóíúÑó ãõÔóÇÑößöíäó áöÃóåúáö ÇáÖøóáóÇáö ãöäú Þóæúãöåöãú æóáóßöäøóåõãú íóßõæäõæäó ÞóÈúáó Ãóäú íõæÍóì Åöáóíúåöãú Ýöí ÍóÇáóÉö Îõáõæøò Úóäö ÇáúÅöíãóÇäö ÍóÊøóì íóåúÏöíóåõãõ Çááøóåõ Åöáóíúåö ÊóÏúÑöíÌðÇ¡ æóÞóæúãõåõãú áóÇ íóÚúáóãõæäó ÈóÇØöäóåõãú ÝóáóÇ ÍóíúÑóÉó Ýöí ÊóÓúãöíóÉö Þóæúãöåö ãõæóÇÝóÞóÊóåõ ÅöíøóÇåõãú ÚóæúÏðÇ.
æóåóÐóÇ ÈöäóÇÁð Úóáóì Ãóäøó ÇáúÃóäúÈöíóÇÁö ãóÚúÕõæãõæäó ãöäó ÇáÔøöÑúßö ÞóÈúáó ÇáäøõÈõæÁóÉö¡ æóÐóáößó Þóæúáõ ÌóãöíÚö ÇáúãõÊóßóáøöãöíäó ãöäó ÇáúãõÓúáöãöíäó¡ æóÞóÏú äóÈøóåó Úóáóì Ðóáößó ÚöíóÇÖñ Ýöí «ÇáÔøöÝóÇÁö» Ýöí ÇáúÞöÓúãö ÇáËøóÇáöËö æóÃóæúÑóÏó Þóæúáó ÔõÚóíúÈò: Åöäú ÚõÏúäÇ Ýöí ãöáøóÊößõãú [ÇáúÃóÚúÑóÇÝ: 89] æóÊóÃóæøóáó ÇáúÚóæúÏó ÈöÃóäøóåõ ÇáúãóÕöíÑõ¡ æóÐóáößó ÊóÃúæöíáõ ßóËöíÑò ãöäú(9/6)
ÇáúãõÝóÓøöÑöíäó áöåóÐöåö ÇáúÂíóÉö. æóÏóáöíáõ ÇáúÚöÕúãóÉö ãöäú åóÐóÇ åõæó ßóãóÇáõåõãú¡ æóÇáÏøóáöíáõ ãóÈúäöíøñ Úóáóì Ãóäøó ÎöáóÇÝó ÇáúßóãóÇáö ÞóÈúáó ÇáúæóÍúíö íõÚóÏøõ äóÞúÕðÇ¡ æóáóíúÓó Ýöí ÇáÔøóÑöíÚóÉö Ïóáöíáñ ÞóÇØöÚñ Úóáóì Ðóáößó¡ æóÅöäøóãóÇ ÇáúÅöÔúßóÇáõ Ýöí Þóæúáö ÔõÚóíúÈò Åöäú ÚõÏúäÇ Ýöí ãöáøóÊößõãú [ÇáúÃóÚúÑóÇÝ: 89] ÝóæóÌúåõåõ Ãóäøóåõ ÃóÌúÑóÇåõ Úóáóì ÇáúãõÔóÇßóáóÉö æóÇáÊøóÛúáöíÈö. æóßöáóÇåõãóÇ ãõÕóÍøöÍñ áöÇÓúÊöÚúãóÇáö áóÝúÙö ÇáúÚóæúÏö Ýöí ÛóíúÑö ãóÚúäóÇåõ ÈöÇáäøöÓúÈóÉö Åöáóíúåö ÎóÇÕøóÉð¡ æóÞóÏú
Êóæóáøóì ÔõÚóíúÈñ ÇáúÌóæóÇÈó Úóãøóäú ãóÚóåõ ãöäó ÇáúãõÄúãöäöíäó áöíóÞöíäöåö ÈöÕöÏúÞö ÅöíãóÇäöåöãú.
æóÇáúãöáøóÉõ: ÇáÏøöíäõ¡ æóÞóÏú ÊóÞóÏøóãó Ýöí Þóæúáöåö ÊóÚóÇáóì: æóãóäú íóÑúÛóÈõ Úóäú ãöáøóÉö ÅöÈúÑÇåöíãó ÅöáøóÇ ãóäú ÓóÝöåó äóÝúÓóåõ Ýöí ÓõæÑóÉö ÇáúÈóÞóÑóÉö [130] .
æóÝóÕúáõ ÌõãúáóÉö: ÞÇáó ÇáúãóáóÃõ áöæõÞõæÚöåóÇ Ýöí ÇáúãõÍóÇæóÑóÉö Úóáóì ãóÇ ÈóíøóäóÇåõ ÚöäúÏó Þóæúáöåö ÊóÚóÇáóì:
ÞÇáõæÇ ÃóÊóÌúÚóáõ ÝöíåÇ ãóäú íõÝúÓöÏõ ÝöíåÇ Ýöí ÓõæÑóÉ ÇáúÈóÞóÑóÉ [30] .
Ãóæóáóæú ßõäøóÇ ßÇÑöåöíäó ÞóÏö ÇÝúÊóÑóíúäÇ Úóáóì Çááøóåö ßóÐöÈÇð Åöäú ÚõÏúäÇ Ýöí ãöáøóÊößõãú ÈóÚúÏó ÅöÐú äóÌøóÇäóÇ Çááøóåõ ãöäúåÇ æóãÇ íóßõæäõ áóäÇ Ãóäú äóÚõæÏó ÝöíåÇ ÅöáøóÇ Ãóäú íóÔÇÁó Çááøóåõ ÑóÈøõäÇ æóÓöÚó ÑóÈøõäÇ ßõáøó ÔóíúÁò ÚöáúãÇð Úóáóì Çááøóåö ÊóæóßøóáúäÇ ÑóÈøóäóÇ ÇÝúÊóÍú ÈóíúäóäÇ æóÈóíúäó ÞóæúãöäÇ ÈöÇáúÍóÞøö æóÃóäúÊó ÎóíúÑõ ÇáúÝÇÊöÍöíäó (89) .
ÝóÕúáõ ÌõãúáóÉö ÞÇáó.. áöæõÞõæÚöåóÇ Ýöí ÓöíóÇÞö ÇáúãõÍóÇæóÑóÉö.
æóÇáöÇÓúÊöÝúåóÇãõ ãõÓúÊóÚúãóáñ Ýöí ÇáÊøóÚóÌøõÈö ÊóÚóÌøõÈðÇ ãöäú Þóæúáöåöãú: Ãóæú áóÊóÚõæÏõäøó Ýöí ãöáøóÊöäÇ ÇáúãõÄúÐöäö ãóÇ Ýöíåö ãöäó ÇáúãõÄóßøöÏóÇÊö ÈöÃóäøóåõãú íõßúÑöåõæäóåõãú Úóáóì ÇáúãóÕöíÑö Åöáóì ãöáøóÉö ÇáúßõÝúÑö¡ æóÐóáößó ÇáÊøóÚóÌøõÈõ ÊóãúåöíÏñ áöÈóíóÇäö ÊóÕúãöíãöåö æóãóäú ãóÚóåõ Úóáóì ÇáúÅöíãóÇäö¡ áöíóÚúáóãó Þóæúãõåõ Ãóäøóåõ ÃóÍóÇØó ÎóÈóÑðÇ ÈöãóÇ ÃóÑóÇÏõæÇ ãöäú ÊóÎúíöíÑöåö æóÇáúãõÄúãöäöíäó ãóÚóåõ Èóíúäó ÇáúÃóãúÑóíúäö: ÇáúÅöÎúÑóÇÌõ Ãóæö ÇáÑøõÌõæÚõ Åöáóì ãöáøóÉö ÇáúßõÝúÑö¡ ÔóÃúäó ÇáúÎóÕúãö ÇááøóÈöíÈö ÇáøóÐöí íóÃúÊöí Ýöí ÌóæóÇÈöåö ÈöãóÇ áóÇ íõÛóÇÏöÑõ ÔóíúÆðÇ ãöãøóÇ ÃóÑóÇÏóåõ ÎóÕúãõåõ Ýöí ÍöæóÇÑöåö¡ æóÝöí ßóáóÇãöåö ÊóÚúÑöíÖñ ÈöÍóãóÇÞóÉö ÎõÕõæãöåö ÅöÐú íõÍóÇæöáõæäó Íóãúáóåõ Úóáóì ãöáøóÊöåöãú ÈöÇáúÅößúÑóÇåö¡ ãóÚó Ãóäøó ÔóÃúäó ÇáãÍÞø Ãóä íõÔúÑß áöáúÍóÞøö ÓõáúØóÇäóåõ Úóáóì ÇáäøõÝõæÓö æóáóÇ íóÊóæóßøóÃõ Úóáóì ÚóÕóÇ ÇáÖøóÛúØö æóÇáúÅößúÑóÇåö¡ æóáöÐóÇ ÞóÇáó Çááøóåõ ÊóÚóÇáóì: áóÇ ÅößúÑÇåó Ýöí ÇáÏøöíäö ÞóÏú ÊóÈóíøóäó ÇáÑøõÔúÏõ ãöäó ÇáúÛóíøö [ÇáúÈóÞóÑóÉ: 256] . ÝóÅöäøó ÇáúÊöÒóÇãó ÇáÏøöíäö Úóäú ÅößúÑóÇåò áóÇ íóÃúÊöí ÈöÇáúÛóÑóÖö ÇáúãóØúáõæÈö ãöäó ÇáÊøóÏóíøõäö æóåõæó ÊóÒúßöíóÉõ ÇáäøóÝúÓö æóÊóßúËöíÑõ ÌõäúÏö ÇáúÍóÞøö æóÇáÕøóáóÇÍõ ÇáúãóØúáõæÈõ.(9/7)
æóÇáúßóÇÑöåõ ãõÔúÊóÞøñ ãöäú ßóÑöåó ÇáøóÐöí ãóÕúÏóÑõåõ ÇáúßóÑúåõ- ÈöÝóÊúÍö ÇáúßóÇÝö æóÓõßõæäö ÇáÑøóÇÁö- æóåõæó ÖöÏøõ ÇáúãóÍóÈøóÉö¡ ÝóßóÇÑöåõ ÇáÔøóíúÁö áóÇ íõÏóÇäöíåö ÅöáøóÇ ãóÛúÕõæÈðÇ æóíõÞóÇáõ áöáúÛóÕúÈö ÅößúÑóÇåñ¡ Ãóíú ãõáúÌóÆöíäó æóãóÛúÕõæÈöíäó æóÊóÞóÏøóãó Ýöí Þóæúáöåö ÊóÚóÇáóì: ßõÊöÈó Úóáóíúßõãõ ÇáúÞöÊÇáõ æóåõæó ßõÑúåñ áóßõãú Ýöí ÓõæÑóÉö ÇáúÈóÞóÑóÉö [216] .
æó (áóæú) æóÕúáöíøóÉñ ÊõÝöíÏõ Ãóäøó ÔóÑúØóåóÇ åõæó ÃóÞúÕóì ÇáúÃóÍúæóÇáö ÇáøóÊöí íóÍúÕõáõ ãóÚóåóÇ ÇáúÝöÚúáõ ÇáøóÐöí Ýöí ÌóæóÇÈöåóÇ¡ Ýóíóßõæäõ ãóÇ ÈóÚúÏóåóÇ ÃóÍúÑóì ÈöÇáÊøóÚóÌøõÈö. ÝóÇáÊøóÞúÏöíÑõ: ÃóÊõÚöíÏõæäóäóÇ Åöáóì ãöáøóÊößõãú æóáóæú ßõäøóÇ ßóÇÑöåöíäó.
æóÞóÏú ÊóÞóÏøóãó ÊóÝúÕöíáõ (áóæú) åóÐöåö ÚöäúÏó Þóæúáöåö ÊóÚóÇáóì: Ýóáóäú íõÞúÈóáó ãöäú ÃóÍóÏöåöãú ãöáúÁõ ÇáúÃóÑúÖö ÐóåóÈÇð æóáóæö ÇÝúÊóÏì Èöåö Ýöí ÓõæÑóÉö Âáö ÚöãúÑóÇäó [91] . æóÊóÞóÏøóãó ãóÚúäóì ÇáúæóÇæö ÇáÏøóÇÎöáóÉö ÚóáóíúåóÇ æóÃóäøóåóÇ æóÇæõ ÇáúÍóÇáö.
æóÇÓúÊóÃúäóÝó ãõÑúÊóÞöíðÇ Ýöí ÇáúÌóæóÇÈö¡ ÝóÈóíøóäó ÇÓúÊöÍóÇáóÉó ÚóæúÏöåöãú Åöáóì ãöáøóÉö ÇáúßõÝúÑö ÈöÃóäøó ÇáúÚóæúÏó ÅöáóíúåóÇ íóÓúÊóáúÒöãõ ßóÐöÈóåõ ÝöíãóÇ ÈóáøóÛóåõ Úóäö Çááøóåö ÊóÚóÇáóì ãöäú ÅöÑúÓóÇáöåö Åöáóíúåöãú ÈöÇáÊøóæúÍöíÏö ÝóÐóáößó ßóÐöÈñ Úóáóì Çááøóåö Úóäú ÚóãúÏò¡ áöÃóäøó ÇáøóÐöí íõÑúÓöáõåõ Çááøóåõ áóÇ íóÑúÌöÚõ Åöáóì ÇáúßõÝúÑö¡ æóíóÓúÊóáúÒöãõ ßóÐöÈó ÇáøóÐöíäó ÂãóäõæÇ Èöåö Úóáóì Çááøóåö ÍóíúËõ ÃóíúÞóäõæÇ ÈöÃóäøó ÔõÚóíúÈðÇ ãóÈúÚõæËñ ãöäó Çááøóåö ÈöãóÇ Ïóáøóåõãú Úóáóì Ðóáößó ãöäó ÇáÏøóáóÇÆöáö¡ æóáöÐóáößó ÌóÇÁó ÈöÖóãöíÑö ÇáúãõÊóßóáøöãö ÇáúãõÔóÇÑößö Ýöí ßõáøò ãöäú Þóæúáöåö: ÇÝúÊóÑóíúäÇ æÚõÏúäÇ æäóÌøóÇäóÇ æäóÚõæÏó æÑóÈøõäÇ æÊóæóßøóáúäÇ.
æóÇáÑøóÈúØõ Èóíúäó ÇáÔøóÑúØö æóÌóæóÇÈå ÑÈØ ÇáÊøÈíøä æóÇáöÇäúßöÔóÇÝö. áöÃóäøóåõ áóÇ íóÕöÍøõ ÊóÚúáöíÞõ ÍõÕõæáö ÇáöÇÝúÊöÑóÇÁö ÈöÇáúÚóæúÏö Ýöí ãöáøóÉö Þóæúãöåö¡ ÝóÅöäøó ÇáöÇÝúÊöÑóÇÁó ÇáúãóÝúÑõæÖó ÈöåóÐóÇ ÇáúãóÚúäóì ÓóÇÈöÞñ ãõÊóÍóÞøöÞñ æóÅöäøóãóÇ íóßúÔöÝõåõ ÑõÌõæÚõåõãú Åöáóì ãöáøóÉö Þóæúãöåöãú¡ Ãóíú Åöäú íóÞóÚú ÚóæúÏõäóÇ Ýöí ãöáøóÊößõãú ÝóÞóÏú ÊóÈóíøóäó ÃóäøóäóÇ ÇÝúÊóÑóíúäóÇ Úóáóì Çááøóåö ßóÐöÈðÇ¡ ÝóÇáúãóÇÖöí Ýöí Þóæúáöåö: ÇÝúÊóÑóíúäÇ ãóÇÖò ÍóÞöíÞöíøñ ßóãóÇ íóÞúÊóÖöíåö ÏõÎõæáõ ÞóÏö Úóáóíúåö¡ æóÊóÞúÏöíãõåõ Úóáóì ÇáÔøóÑúØö áöÃóäøóåõ Ýöí ÇáúÍóÇáóÊóíúäö áóÇ ÊóÞúáöÈõåõ (Åöäú) áöáöÇÓúÊöÞúÈóÇáö¡ ÃóãøóÇ ÇáúãóÇÖöí ÇáúæóÇÞöÚõ ÔóÑúØðÇ áö (Åöäú) Ýöí Þóæúáöåö: Åöäú ÚõÏúäÇ Ýóåõæó ÈöãóÚúäóì ÇáúãõÓúÊóÞúÈóáö áöÃóäøó (Åöäú) ÊóÞúáöÈõ ÇáúãóÇÖöí áöáúãõÓúÊóÞúÈóáö ÚóßúÓó (áóãú) .
æóÞóæúáõåõ: ÈóÚúÏó ÅöÐú äóÌøóÇäóÇ Çááøóåõ ãöäúåÇ Úóáóì åóÐóÇ ÇáúæóÌúåö¡ ãóÚúäóÇåõ: ÈóÚúÏó ÅöÐú åóÏóÇäóÇ Çááøóåõ áöáÏøöíäö ÇáúÍóÞøö ÇáøóÐöí ÇÊøóÈóÚúäóÇåõ ÈöÇáúæóÍúíö ÝóäóÌøóÇäóÇ ãöäó ÇáúßõÝúÑö¡ ÝóÐóßóÑó ÇáúÅöäúÌóÇÁó áÏáÇáÊå Úáì ÇáÅåÏÇÁ æóÇáúÅöÚúáóÇäö ÈöÃóäøó ãõÝóÇÑóÞóÉó ÇáúßõÝúÑö äóÌóÇÉñ¡ Ýóíóßõæäõ Ýöí ÇáúßóáóÇãö ÅöíÌóÇÒõ ÍóÐúÝò Ãóæú ßöäóÇíóÉñ.
æóåóÐöåö ÇáúÈóÚúÏöíøóÉõ áóíúÓóÊú ÞóíúÏðÇ áö ÇÝúÊóÑóíúäÇ æóáóÇ åöíó ãõæÌÈ ßóæä ÇáúÚæÏ Ýöí ãöáøóÊöåöãú ÏóÇáøðÇ Úóáóì ßóÐöÈöåö Ýöí ÇáÑøöÓóÇáóÉö¡ Èóáú åóÐöåö ÇáúÈóÚúÏöíøóÉõ ãõÊóÚóáøöÞóÉñ Èö ÚõÏúäÇ íõÞúÕóÏõ ãöäúåóÇ ÊóÝúÙöíÚõ åóÐóÇ ÇáúÚóæúÏö æóÊóÃúíöíÓõ(9/8)
ÇáúßóÇÝöÑöíäó ãöäú ÚóæúÏö ÔõÚóíúÈò æóÃóÊúÈóÇÚöåö Åöáóì ãöáøóÉö ÇáúßõÝúÑö¡ ÈöÎöáóÇÝö ÍóÇáöåöãõ ÇáúÃõæáóì ÞóÈúáó ÇáúÅöíãóÇäö ÝóÅöäøóåõãú íõæÕóÝõæäó ÈöÇáúßõÝúÑö áóÇ ÈöÇáöÇÝúÊöÑóÇÁö ÅöÐú áóãú íóÙúåóÑõ áóåõãú æóÌúåõ ÇáúÍóÞøö¡ æóáöÐóáößó ÚóÞøóÈóåõ ÈöÞóæúáöåö: æóãÇ íóßõæäõ áóäÇ Ãóäú äóÚõæÏó ÝöíåÇ Ãóíú áöÃóäøó Ðóáößó áóÇ íóÞúÕöÏõåõ ÇáúÚóÇÞöáõ ÝóíóáúÞöí äóÝúÓóåõ Ýöí ÇáÖøóáóÇáö æóÇáÊøóÚóÑøõÖö áöáúÚóÐóÇÈö.
æóÇäúÊöÕóÇÈõ ßóÐöÈÇð Úóáóì ÇáúãóÝúÚõæáöíøóÉö ÇáúãõØúáóÞóÉö ÊóÃúßöíÏðÇ á ÇÝúÊóÑóíúäÇ ÈöäóÇ åõæó ãóÇ Óæáå Ãóæú ÃóÚóãøõ ãöäúåõ¡ æóÞóÏú ÊóÞóÏøóãó äóÙöíÑõåõ Ýöí Þóæúáöåö ÊóÚóÇáóì: æóáßöäøó ÇáøóÐöíäó ßóÝóÑõæÇ íóÝúÊóÑõæäó Úóáóì Çááøóåö ÇáúßóÐöÈó Ýöí ÓõæÑóÉö ÇáúãóÇÆöÏóÉö [103] .
æóÞóÏú ÑóÊøóÈó Úóáóì ãõÞóÏøöãóÉö áõÒõæãö ÇáöÇÝúÊöÑóÇÁö äóÊöíÌóÉó ÊóÃúíöíÓö Þóæúãöåö ãöäú Ãóäú íóÚõæÏó ÇáúãõÄúãöäõæäó Åöáóì ãöáøóÉö ÇáúßõÝúÑö ÈöÞóæúáöåö: æóãÇ íóßõæäõ áóäÇ Ãóäú äóÚõæÏó ÝöíåÇ ÝóäóÝóì ÇáúÚóæúÏó äóÝúíðÇ ãõÄóßøóÏðÇ ÈöáóÇãö ÇáúÌõÍõæÏö æóÞóÏú ÊóÞóÏøóãó ÈóíóÇäõ ÊóÃúßöíÏö ÇáäøóÝúíö ÈöáóÇãö ÇáúÌõÍõæÏö Ýöí Þóæúáöåö ÊóÚóÇáóì: ãóÇ ßÇäó áöÈóÔóÑò Ãóäú íõÄúÊöíóåõ Çááøóåõ ÇáúßöÊÇÈó ÅöáóÎú
Ýöí ÓõæÑóÉö Âáö ÚöãúÑóÇäó [79] .
æóÞóæúáõåõ: ÅöáøóÇ Ãóäú íóÔÇÁó Çááøóåõ ÑóÈøõäÇ ÊóÃóÏøõÈñ ãóÚó Çááøóåö æóÊóÝúæöíÖõ ÃóãúÑöåö æóÃóãúÑö ÇáúãõÄúãöäöíäó Åöáóíúåö¡ Ãóíú:
ÅöáøóÇ Ãóäú íõÞóÏøöÑó Çááøóåõ áóäóÇ ÇáúÚóæúÏó Ýöí ãöáøóÊößõãú ÝóÅöäøóåõ áóÇ íÓúÃóá ÚãøÇ íÝÚá¡ ÝóÃóãøóÇ ÚóæúÏõ ÇáúãõÄúãöäöíäó Åöáóì ÇáúßõÝúÑö Ýóãõãúßöäñ Ýöí ÇáúÚóÞúáö ÍõÕõæáõåõ æóáóíúÓó Ýöí ÇáÔøóÑúÚö ÇÓúÊöÍóÇáóÊõåõ¡ æóÇáöÇÑúÊöÏóÇÏõ æóÞóÚó Ýöí ØóæóÇÆöÝó ãöäú Ãõãóãò.
æóÃóãøóÇ ÇÑúÊöÏóÇÏõ ÔõÚóíúÈò ÈóÚúÏó ÇáäøõÈõæÁóÉö Ýóåõæó ãõÓúÊóÍöíáñ ÔóÑúÚðÇ áöÚöÕúãóÉö Çááøóåö áöáúÃóäúÈöíóÇÁö¡ Ýóáóæú ÔóÇÁó Çááøóåõ ÓóáóÈó ÇáúÚöÕúãóÉó Úóäú ÃóÍóÏò ãöäúåõãú áóãóÇ ÊóÑóÊøóÈó Úóáóíúåö ãõÍóÇáñ ÚóÞúáðÇ¡ æóáóßöäøóåõ ÛóíúÑõ ãõãúßöäò ÔóÑúÚðÇ¡ æóÞóÏú ÚóáöãúÊó ÂäöÝðÇ ÚöÕúãóÉó ÇáúÃóäúÈöíóÇÁö ãöäó ÇáÔøöÑúßö ÞóÈúáó ÇáäøõÈõæÁóÉö ÝóÚöÕúãóÊõåõãú ãöäúåõ ÈóÚúÏó ÇáäøõÈõæÁóÉö ÈöÇáúÃóæúáóì¡ ÞóÇáó ÊóÚóÇáóì: áóÆöäú ÃóÔúÑóßúÊó áóíóÍúÈóØóäøó Úóãóáõßó [ÇáÒãÑ: 65] Úóáóì ÃóÍóÏö ÇáÊøóÃúæöíáóíúäö.
æóÝöí Þóæúáö ÔõÚóíúÈò: ÅöáøóÇ Ãóäú íóÔÇÁó Çááøóåõ ÑóÈøõäÇ ÊóÞúíöíÏõ ÚóÏóãö ÇáúÚóæúÏö Åöáóì ÇáúßõÝúÑö ÈöãóÔöíÆóÉö Çááøóåö¡ æóåõæó íóÓúÊóáúÒöãõ ÊóÞúíöíÏó ÇáÏøóæóÇãö Úóáóì ÇáúÅöíãóÇäö ÈöãóÔöíÆóÉö Çááøóåö¡ áöÃóäøó ÚóÏóãó ÇáúÚóæúÏö Åöáóì ÇáúßõÝúÑö ãõÓóÇæò áöáËøóÈóÇÊö Úóáóì ÇáúÅöíãóÇäö¡ æóåõæó ÊóÞúíöíÏñ ãóÞúÕõæÏñ ãöäúåõ ÇáÊøóÃóÏøõÈõ æóÊóÝúæöíÖõ ÇáúÚöáúãö ÈöÇáúãõÓúÊóÞúÈóáö Åöáóì Çááøóåö¡ æóÇáúßöäóÇíóÉõ Úóäú ÓõÄóÇáö ÇáÏøóæóÇãö Úóáóì ÇáúÅöíãóÇäö ãöäó Çááøóåö ÊóÚóÇáóì ßóÞóæúáöåö: ÑóÈøóäÇ áóÇ ÊõÒöÛú ÞõáõæÈóäÇ ÈóÚúÏó ÅöÐú åóÏóíúÊóäÇ [Âá ÚãÑóÇä: 8] .
æóãöäú åõäóÇ íõÓúÊóÏóáøõ áöÞóæúáö ÇáúÃóÔúÚóÑöíøö æóÌóãóÇÚóÉò Úóáóì ÑóÃúÓöåöãú ãõÍóãøóÏõ Èúäõ ÚóÈúÏõæÓò ÇáúÝóÞöíåõ(9/9)
ÇáúãóÇáößöíøõ ÇáúÌóáöíáõ Ãóäøó ÇáúãõÓúáöãó íóÞõæáõ: ÃóäóÇ ãõÄúãöäñ Åöäú ÔóÇÁó Çááøóåõ¡ áöÃóäøóåõ áóÇ íóÚúáóãõ ãóÇ íõÎúÊóãõ áóåõ Èöåö¡ æóíóÖúÚõÝõ Þóæúáõ ÇáúãóÇÊõÑöíÏöíøö æóØóÇÆöÝóÉò ãöäú ÚõáóãóÇÁö ÇáúÞóíúÑóæóÇäö Úóáóì ÑóÃúÓöåöãú ãõÍóãøóÏõ Èúäõ ÓóÍúäõæäò Ãóäøó ÇáúãõÓúáöãó áóÇ íóÞõæáõ: ÃóäóÇ ãõÄúãöäñ Åöäú ÔóÇÁó Çááøóåõ¡ áöÃóäøóåõ ãõÊóÍóÞøöÞñ Ãóäøóåõ ãõÄúãöäñ ÝóáóÇ íóÞõæá ßáãÉ ÊäÈìÁ Úóäö ÇáÔøóßøö Ýöí ÅöíãóÇäöåö.
æóÞóÏú ÊóØóÇíóÑó ÔóÑóÑõ ÇáúÎöáóÇÝö Èóíúäó ÇÈúäö ÚóÈúÏõæÓò æóÃóÕúÍóÇÈöåö ãöäú ÌöåóÉò¡ æóÇÈúäö ÓóÍúäõæäò æóÃóÕúÍóÇÈöåö ãöäú ÌöåóÉò¡ Ýöí ÇáúÞóíúÑóæóÇäö ÒóãóÇäðÇ ØóæöíáðÇ æóÑóãóì ßõáøõ ÝóÑöíÞò ÇáúÝóÑöíÞó ÇáúÂÎóÑó ÈöãóÇ áóÇ íóáöíÞõ ÈöåöãóÇ¡ æóßóÇäó ÃóÕúÍóÇÈõ ÇÈúäö ÓóÍúäõæäò íóÏúÚõæäó ÇÈúäó ÚóÈúÏõæÓò æóÃóÕúÍóÇÈóåõ ÇáÔøóßõæßöíøóÉó æóÊóáóÞøóÝóÊö ÇáúÚóÇãøóÉõ ÈöÇáúÞóíúÑóæóÇäö åóÐóÇ ÇáúÎöáóÇÝó Úóáóì ÛóíúÑö Ýåã ÝóÑõÈãóÇ ÇÌÊÑÁæÇ Úóáóì ÇÈúäö ÚóÈúÏõæÓò æóÃóÕúÍóÇÈöåö ÇÌúÊöÑóÇÁð æóÇÝúÊöÑóÇÁð¡ ßóãóÇ ÐóßóÑóåõ ãõÝóÕøóáðÇ ÚöíóÇÖñ Ýöí «ÇáúãóÏóÇÑößö» Ýöí ÊóÑúÌóãóÉö ãõÍóãøóÏö Èúäö ÓóÍúäõæäò¡ æÊÑÌãÉ ÇÈúä ÇáäÈøÇä¡ æóÇáøóÐöí ÍóÞøóÞóåõ ÇáÔøóíúÎõ ÃóÈõæ ãõÍóãøóÏö Èúäõ ÃóÈöí ÒóíúÏò æóÚöíóÇÖñ Ãóäøó ÇáúÎöáóÇÝó áóÝúÙöíøñ: ÝóÅöäú ßóÇäó íóÞõæáõ: Åöäú ÔóÇÁó Çááøóåõ¡ æóÓóÑöíÑóÊõåõ Ýöí ÇáúÅöíãóÇäö ãöËúáõ ÚóáóÇäöíóÊöåö ÝóáóÇ ÈóÃúÓó ÈöÐóáößó¡ æóÅöäú ßóÇäó ÔóßøðÇ Ýóåõæó Ôóßøñ Ýöí ÇáúÅöíãóÇäö¡ æóáóíúÓó Ðóáößó ãóÇ íõÑöíÏõåõ ÇÈúäõ ÚóÈúÏõæÓò¡ æóÞóÏú ÞóÇáó ÇáúãõÍóÞøöÞõæäó: Ãóäøó ÇáúÎöáóÇÝó Èóíúäó ÇáúÃóÔúÚóÑöíøö æóÇáúãóÇÊõÑöíÏöíøö Ýöí åóÐöåö ÇáúãóÓúÃóáóÉö ãöäó ÇáúÎöáóÇÝö ÇááøóÝúÙöíøö¡ ßóãóÇ ÍóÞøóÞóåõ ÊóÇÌõ ÇáÏøöíäö ÇáÓøõÈúßöíøö Ýöí
«ãóäúÙõæãóÊöåö ÇáäøõæäöíøóÉö» ¡ æóÊóÈöÚóåõ ÊöáúãöíÐõåõ äõæÑõ ÇáÏøöíäö ÇáÔøöíÑóÇÒöíøõ Ýöí «ÔóÑúÍöåö» . æóãöãøóÇ íóÌöÈõ ÇáÊøóäúÈöíåõ áóåõ Ãóäøó ÇáúÎöáóÇÝó Ýöí ÇáúãóÓúÃóáóÉö ÅöäøóãóÇ åõæó ãóÝúÑõæÖñ Ýöí ÕöÍøóÉö Þóæúáö ÇáúãõÄúãöäö: ÃóäóÇ ãõÄúãöäñ Åöäú ÔóÇÁó Çááøóåõ¡ æóÃóäøó Þóæúáóåõ Ðóáöß åóá íäÈìÁ Úóäú Ôóßøöåö Ýöí ÅöíãóÇäöåö¡ æóáóíúÓó ÇáúÎöáóÇÝõ Ýöí Ãóäøóåõ íóÌöÈõ Úóáóíúåö Ãóäú íóÞõæáó ÃóäóÇ ãõÄúãöäñ Åöäú ÔóÇÁó Çááøóåõ¡ ÚöäúÏó ÇáúÞóÇÆöáöíäó ÈöÐóáößó¡ ÈöÏóáöíáö Ãóäøóåõãú ßóËöíÑðÇ ãóÇ íõÞóÇÈöáõæäó Þóæúáó ÇáúÞóÇÆöáöíäó ÈöÇáúãóÔöíÆóÉö ÈöÞóæúáö ÇáúÂÎóÑöíäó: ÃóäóÇ ãõÄúãöäñ ÚöäúÏó Çááøóåö¡ ÝóÑóÌóÚóÊö ÇáúãóÓúÃóáóÉõ Åöáóì ÇÎúÊöáóÇÝö ÇáäøóÙóÑö Ýöí ÍóÇáóÉö ÚóÞúÏö ÇáúÞóáúÈö ãóÚó ãóÇ åõæó Ýöí Úöáúãö Çááøóåö ãöäú ÎóÇÊöãóÊöåö¡ æóÈöÐóáößó Óóåõáó ÅöÑúÌóÇÚõ ÇáúÎöáóÇÝö Åöáóì ÇáúÎöáóÇÝö ÇááøóÝúÙöíøö.
æóÇáúÅöÊúíóÇäõ ÈöæóÕúÝö ÇáÑøóÈøö æóÅöÖóÇÝóÊõåõ Åöáóì ÖóãöíÑö ÇáúãõÊóßóáøöãö ÇáúãõÔóÇÑößö: ÅöÙúåóÇÑñ áöÍóÖúÑóÉö ÇáúÅöØúáóÇÞö¡ æóÊóÚúÑöíÖñ ÈöÃóäøó Çááøóåó ãóæúáóì ÇáøóÐöíäó ÂãóäõæÇ.
æóÇáúÎöáóÇÝõ ÈóíúäóäóÇ æóÈóíúäó ÇáúãõÚúÊóÒöáóÉö Ýöí ÌóæóÇÒö ãóÔöíÆóÉö Çááøóåö ÊóÚóÇáóì ÇáúßõÝúÑó æÇáãÚÇÕí ÎáÇÝ äÇÔìÁ Úóäö ÇáúÎöáóÇÝö Ýöí ÊóÍúÞöíÞö ãóÚúäóì ÇáúãóÔöíÆóÉö æóÇáúÅöÑóÇÏóÉö¡ æóáößöáóÇ ÇáúÝóÑöíÞóíúäö ÇÕúØöáóÇÍñ Ýöí(9/10)
Ðóáößó íõÎóÇáöÝõ ÇÕúØöáóÇÍó ÇáúÂÎóÑö¡ æóÇáúãóÓúÃóáóÉõ ØóÝöíÝóÉñ æóÅöäú åóæøóáóåóÇ ÇáúÝóÑöíÞóÇäö¡ æóÇÕúØöáóÇÍõäóÇ ÃóÓúÚóÏõ ÈöÇáÔøóÑöíÚóÉö æóÃóÞúÑóÈõ Åöáóì ÇááøõÛóÉö¡ æóÇáúãóÓúÃóáóÉõ ßõáøõåóÇ ãöäú ÝõÑõæÚö ãóÓúÃóáóÉö ÇáÊøóßúáöíÝö æóÞõÏúÑóÉö ÇáúãõßóáøöÝö.
æóÞóæúáõåõ: æóÓöÚó ÑóÈøõäÇ ßõáøó ÔóíúÁò ÚöáúãÇð ÊóÝúæöíÖñ áöÚöáúãö Çááøóåö¡ Ãóíú ÅöáøóÇ Ãóäú íóÔóÇÁó Ðóáößó Ýóåõæó ÃóÚúáóãõ ÈöãõÑóÇÏöåö ãöäøóÇ¡ æóÅöÚóÇÏóÉõ æóÕúÝö ÇáÑøõÈõæÈöíøóÉö ÅöÙúåóÇÑñ Ýöí ãóÞóÇãö ÇáúÅöÖúãóÇÑö áöÒöíóÇÏóÉö ÅöÙúåóÇÑö æóÕúÝöåö ÈöÇáÑøõÈõæÈöíøóÉö¡ æóÊóÃúßöíÏö ÇáÊøóÚúÑöíÖö ÇáúãõÊóÞóÏøöãö¡ ÍóÊøóì íóÕöíÑó ßóÇáÊøóÕúÑöíÍö.
æóÇäúÊóÕóÈó ÚöáúãÇð Úóáóì ÇáÊøóãúíöíÒö ÇáúãõÍóæøóáö Úóäö ÇáúÝóÇÚöáö áöÞóÕúÏö ÇáúÅöÌúãóÇáö Ëõãøó ÇáÊøóÝúÕöíáö áöáöÇåúÊöãóÇãö.
æóÇäúÊóÕóÈó ßõáøó ÔóíúÁò Úóáóì ÇáúãóÝúÚõæáö Èöåö áö æóÓöÚó¡ Ãóíú: æóÓöÚó Úöáúãõ ÑóÈøöäóÇ ßõáøó ÔóíúÁò.
æóÇáÓøöÚóÉõ: ãõÓúÊóÚúãóáóÉñ ãóÌóÇÒðÇ Ýöí ÇáúÅöÍóÇØóÉö Èößõáøö ÔóíúÁò áöÃóäøó ÇáÔøóíúÁó ÇáúæóÇÓöÚó íóßõæäõ ÃóßúËóÑó ÅöÍóÇØóÉð.
æóÝöí åóÐöåö ÇáúãõÌóÇÏóáóÉö ÅÏãÇÌ ÊóÚúáöíã ÈÚÖ ÕöÝóÇÊö Çááøóåö áöÃóÊúÈóÇÚöåö æóÛóíúÑöåöãú Úóáóì ÚóÇÏóÉö ÇáúÎõØóÈóÇÁö Ýöí ÇäúÊöåóÇÒö ÇáúÝõÑúÕóÉö.
Ëõãøó ÃóÎúÈóÑó ÈöÃóäøóåõ æóãóäú ÊóÈöÚóåõ ÞóÏú ÊóæóßøóáõæÇ Úóáóì Çááøóåö¡ æóÇáÊøóæóßøõáõ: ÊóÝúæöíÖõ ãõÈóÇÔóÑóÉö ÕóáóÇÍö ÇáúãóÑúÁö Åöáóì ÛóíúÑöåö¡ æóÞóÏú ÊóÞóÏøóãó ÚöäúÏó Þóæúáöåö ÊóÚóÇáóì: ÝóÅöÐÇ ÚóÒóãúÊó ÝóÊóæóßøóáú Úóáóì Çááøóåö Ýöí Âáö ÚöãúÑóÇäó [159] ¡ æóåóÐóÇ ÊóÝúæöíÖñ íóÞúÊóÖöí ØóáóÈó ÇáúÎóíúÑö¡ Ãóíú: ÑóÌóæúäóÇ Ãóäú áóÇ íóÓúáõÈóäóÇ ÇáúÅöíãóÇäó ÇáúÍóÞøö æóáóÇ íõÝúÓöÏõ ÎóáúÞó ÚõÞõæáöäóÇ æóÞõáõæÈöäóÇ ÝóáóÇ äõÝúÊóäõ æäÖá¡ æóÑóÌóæúäóÇ Ãóäú íóßúÝöíóäóÇ ÔóÑøó ãóäú íõÖúãöÑõ áóäóÇ ÔóÑøðÇ æóÐóáößó
ÔóÑøõ ÇáúßóÝóÑóÉö ÇáúãõÖúãóÑõ áóåõãú¡ æóåõæó ÇáúÝöÊúäóÉõ Ýöí ÇáúÃóåúáö ÈöÇáúÅöÎúÑóÇÌö¡ æóÝöí ÇáÏøöíäö ÈöÇáúÅößúÑóÇåö Úóáóì ÇÊøöÈóÇÚö ÇáúßõÝúÑö.
æóÊóÞúÏöíãõ ÇáúÌóÇÑøö æóÇáúãóÌúÑõæÑö Úóáóì ÝöÚúáö ÊóæóßøóáúäÇ áÅöÝóÇÏóÉ ÇáöÇÎúÊöÕóÇÕ ÊóÍúÞöíÞÇ áöãóÚúäóì ÇáÊøóæúÍöíÏö æóäóÈúÐö ÛóíúÑö Çááøóåö¡ æóáöãóÇ Ýöí Þóæúáöåö: Úóáóì Çááøóåö ÊóæóßøóáúäÇ ãöäó ÇáÊøóÝúæöíÖö Åöáóíúåö Ýöí ßöÝóÇíóÊöåöãú ÃóãúÑó ÃóÚúÏóÇÆöåöãú¡ ÕóÑøóÍó ÈöãóÇ íóÒöíÏõ Ðóáößó ÈöÞóæúáöåö: ÑóÈøóäóÇ ÇÝúÊóÍú ÈóíúäóäÇ æóÈóíúäó ÞóæúãöäÇ ÈöÇáúÍóÞøö. æóÝóÓøóÑõæÇ ÇáúÝóÊúÍó åõäóÇ ÈöÇáúÞóÖóÇÁö æóÇáúÍõßúãö¡ æóÞóÇáõæÇ: åõæó áõÛóÉõ ÃóÒúÏö ÚõãóÇäó ãöäó Çáúíóãóäö¡ Ãóíö ÇÍúßõãú ÈóíúäóäóÇ æóÈóíúäóåõãú¡ æóåöíó ãóÃúÎõæÐóÉñ ãöäó ÇáúÝóÊúÍö ÈöãóÚúäóì ÇáäøóÕúÑö áöÃóäøó ÇáúÚóÑóÈó ßóÇäõæÇ áóÇ íóÊóÍóÇßóãõæäó áöÛóíúÑö ÇáÓøóíúÝö¡ æóíóÍúÓóÈõæäó Ãóäøó ÇáäøóÕúÑó Íõßúãõ Çááøóåö áöáúÛóÇáöÈö Úóáóì ÇáúãóÛúáõæÈö.
æóÞóæúáõåõ: æóÃóäúÊó ÎóíúÑõ ÇáúÝÇÊöÍöíäó åõæó ßóÞóæúáöåö: æóåõæó ÎóíúÑõ ÇáúÍÇßöãöíäó [ÇáúÃóÚúÑóÇÝ: 87] ¡ Ãóíú(9/11)
æóÞóÇáó ÇáúãóáóÃõ ÇáøóÐöíäó ßóÝóÑõæÇ ãöäú Þóæúãöåö áóÆöäö ÇÊøóÈóÚúÊõãú ÔõÚóíúÈðÇ Åöäøóßõãú ÅöÐðÇ áóÎóÇÓöÑõæäó (90) ÝóÃóÎóÐóÊúåõãõ ÇáÑøóÌúÝóÉõ ÝóÃóÕúÈóÍõæÇ Ýöí ÏóÇÑöåöãú ÌóÇËöãöíäó (91) ÇáøóÐöíäó ßóÐøóÈõæÇ ÔõÚóíúÈðÇ ßóÃóäú áóãú íóÛúäóæúÇ ÝöíåóÇ ÇáøóÐöíäó ßóÐøóÈõæÇ ÔõÚóíúÈðÇ ßóÇäõæÇ åõãõ ÇáúÎóÇÓöÑöíäó (92)
æóÃóäúÊó ÎóíúÑõ ÇáäøóÇÕöÑöíäó¡ æóÎóíúÑõ ÇáúÍóÇßöãöíäó åõæó ÃóÝúÖóáõ Ãóåúáö åóÐóÇ ÇáúæóÕúÝö¡ æóåõæó ÇáøóÐöí íóÊóÍóÞøóÞõ Ýöíåö ßóãóÇáõ åóÐóÇ ÇáúæóÕúÝö ÝöíãóÇ íõÞúÕóÏõ ãöäúåõ æóÝöí ÝóÇÆöÏóÊöåö ÈöÍóíúËõ áóÇ íóÔúÊóÈöåõ Úóáóíúåö ÇáúÍóÞøõ ÈöÇáúÈóÇØöáö æóáóÇ ÊõÑóæøóÌõ Úóáóíúåö ÇáÊøõÑøóåóÇÊõ. æóÇáúÍõßøóÇãõ ãóÑóÇÊöÈõ ßóËöíÑóÉñ¡ ÝóÊóÈóíøóäó æóÌúåõ ÇáÊøóÝúÖöíáö Ýöí Þóæúáöåö: æóåõæó ÎóíúÑõ ÇáúÍÇßöãöíäó [ÇáúÃóÚúÑóÇÝ: 87] æóßóÐóáößó ÇáúÞöíóÇÓõ Ýöí Þóæúáöåö: ÎóíúÑõ ÇáäøóÇÕöÑöíäó [Âáö ÚãÑóÇä: 150] æÎóíúÑõ ÇáúãÇßöÑöíäó [Âá ÚãÑóÇä: 54] æóÞÏ ÊÞÏã Ýöí ÓõæÑóÉ Âá ÚöãúÑóÇäó [150] : Èóáö Çááøóåõ ãóæúáÇßõãú æóåõæó ÎóíúÑõ ÇáäøóÇÕöÑöíäó.
[90- 92]
[ÓõæÑóÉ ÇáúÃóÚúÑóÇÝ (7) : ÇáúÂíóÇÊ 90 Åöáóì 92]
æóÞÇáó ÇáúãóáóÃõ ÇáøóÐöíäó ßóÝóÑõæÇ ãöäú Þóæúãöåö áóÆöäö ÇÊøóÈóÚúÊõãú ÔõÚóíúÈÇð Åöäøóßõãú ÅöÐÇð áóÎÇÓöÑõæäó (90) ÝóÃóÎóÐóÊúåõãõ ÇáÑøóÌúÝóÉõ ÝóÃóÕúÈóÍõæÇ Ýöí ÏÇÑöåöãú ÌÇËöãöíäó (91) ÇáøóÐöíäó ßóÐøóÈõæÇ ÔõÚóíúÈÇð ßóÃóäú áóãú íóÛúäóæúÇ ÝöíåóÇ ÇáøóÐöíäó ßóÐøóÈõæÇ ÔõÚóíúÈÇð ßÇäõæÇ åõãõ ÇáúÎÇÓöÑöíäó (92)
ÚõØöÝóÊú ÌõãúáóÉõ: æóÞÇáó ÇáúãóáóÃõ æóáóãú ÊõÝúÕóáú ßóãóÇ ÝõÕöáóÊö ÇáøóÊöí ÞóÈúáóåóÇ áöÇäúÊöåóÇÁö ÇáúãõÍóÇæóÑóÉö ÇáúãõÞúÊóÖöíóÉö ÝóÕúáó ÇáúÌõãóáö Ýöí ÍößóÇíóÉö ÇáúãõÍóÇæóÑóÉö¡ æóåóÐóÇ Þóæúáñ ÃõäõÝñ æóÌøóåó Ýöíåö ÇáúãóáóÃõ ÎöØóÇÈóåõãú Åöáóì ÚóÇãøóÉö Þóæúãöåöãõ ÇáúÈóÇÞöíäó Úóáóì ÇáúßõÝúÑö ÊóÍúÐöíÑðÇ áóåõãú ãöäö ÇÊøöÈóÇÚö ÔõÚóíúÈò ÎóÔúíóÉð Úóáóíúåöãú ãöäú Ãóäú ÊóÍöíßó Ýöí äõÝõæÓöåöãú ÏóÚúæóÉõ ÔõÚóíúÈò æóÕöÏúÞõ ãõÌóÇÏóáóÊöåö¡ ÝóáóãøóÇ ÑóÃóæúÇ ÍõÌøóÊóåõ ÓóÇØöÚóÉð æóáóãú íóÓúÊóØöíÚõæÇ ÇáúÝóáúÌó Úóáóíúåö Ýöí ÇáúãõÌóÇÏóáóÉö¡ æóÕóãøóãõæÇ Úóáóì ßõÝúÑöåöãú¡ ÃóÞúÈóáõæÇ Úóáóì ÎöØóÇÈö ÇáúÍóÇÖöÑöíäó ãöäú Þóæúãöåöãú áöíõÍóÐøöÑõæåõãú ãöäú ãõÊóÇÈóÚóÉö ÔõÚóíúÈò æóíõåóÏøöÏõæåõãú ÈöÇáúÎóÓóÇÑóÉö.
æóÐßÑ ÇáúãóáóÃõ ÅöÙúåóÇÑ Ýöí ãóÞóÇãö ÇáúÅöÖúãóÇÑö áöÈõÚúÏö ÇáúãóÚóÇÏö. æóÅöäøóãóÇ æóÕóÝó ÇáúãóáóÃó ÈöÇáúãóæúÕõæáö æóÕöáóÊöåö Ïõæäó Ãóäú íóßúÊóÝöíó ÈöÍóÑúÝö ÇáÊøóÚúÑöíÝö ÇáúãõÞúÊóÖöí Ãóäøó ÇáúãóáóÃó ÇáËøóÇäöíó åõæó ÇáúãóáóÃõ ÇáúãóÐúßõæÑõ ÞóÈúáóåõ¡
áöÞóÕúÏö ÒöíóÇÏóÉö Ðóãøö ÇáúãóáóÃö ÈöæóÕúÝö ÇáúßõÝúÑö¡ ßóãóÇ Ðõãøó ÝöíãóÇ ÓóÈóÞó ÈöæóÕúÝö ÇáöÇÓúÊößúÈóÇÑö.
æóæóÕúÝõ ÇáúãóáóÃõ åõäóÇ ÈöÇáúßõÝúÑö áöãõäóÇÓóÈóÉö ÇáúßóáóÇãö ÇáúãóÍúßöíøö Úóäúåõãú¡ ÇáÏøóÇáøö Úóáóì ÊóÕóáøõÈöåöãú Ýöí(9/12)
ßõÝúÑöåöãú¡ ßóãóÇ æõÕöÝõæÇ Ýöí ÇáúÂíóÉö ÇáÓøóÇÈöÞóÉö ÈöÇáöÇÓúÊößúÈóÇÑö áöãõäóÇÓóÈóÉö ÍóÇáö ãõÌóÇÏóáóÊöåöãú ÔõÚóíúÈðÇ¡ ßóãóÇ ÊóÞóÏøóãó¡ ÝóÍóÕóáó ãöäó ÇáúÂíóÊóíúäö Ãóäøóåõãú ãõÓúÊóßúÈöÑõæäó ßóÇÝöÑõæäó.
æóÇáúãõÎóÇØóÈõ Ýöí Þóæúáöåö: áóÆöäö ÇÊøóÈóÚúÊõãú ÔõÚóíúÈÇð åõãõ ÇáúÍóÇÖöÑõæäó Íöíäó ÇáúÎöØóÇÈö áóÏóì ÇáúãóáóÃö¡ ÝóÍõßöíó ßóáóÇãõ ÇáúãóáóÃö ßóãóÇ ÕóÏóÑó ãöäúåõãú¡ æóÇáÓøöíóÇÞõ íõÝóÓøöÑõ ÇáúãóÚúäöíøöíäó ÈöÇáúÎöØóÇÈö¡ ÃóÚúäöí ÚóÇãøóÉó Þóæúãö ÔõÚóíúÈò ÇáúÈóÇÞöíäó Úóáóì ÇáúßõÝúÑö.
(æóÇááøóÇãõ) ãõæØöÆóÉñ áöáúÞóÓóãö. æÅöäøóßõãú ÅöÐÇð áóÎÇÓöÑõæäó ÌóæóÇÈõ ÇáúÞóÓóãö æóåõæó Ïóáöíáñ Úóáóì ÌóæóÇÈ ÇáÔøóÑúØ ãóÍúÐõæÝ¡ ßóãóÇ åõæó ÇáÔøóÃúäõ Ýöí ãöËúáö åóÐóÇ ÇáÊøóÑúßöíÈö.
æóÇáúÎõÓúÑóÇäõ ÊóÞóÏøóãó ÚöäúÏó Þóæúáöåö ÊóÚóÇáóì: ÞóÏú ÎóÓöÑó ÇáøóÐöíäó ÞóÊóáõæÇ ÃóæúáÇÏóåõãú Ýöí ÓõæÑóÉö ÇáúÃóäúÚóÇãö [140] . æóåõæó ãõÓúÊóÚóÇÑñ áöÍõÕõæáö ÇáÖøõÑøö ãöäú ÍóíúËõ ÃõÑöíÏó ÇáäøóÝúÚõ¡ æóÇáúãõÑóÇÏõ Èöåö åõäóÇ ÇáÊøóÍúÐöíÑõ ãöäú ÃóÖúÑóÇÑò ÊóÍúÕõáõ áóåõãú Ýöí ÇáÏøõäúíóÇ ãöäú ÌóÑøóÇÁö ÛóÖóÈö ÂáöåóÊöåöãú Úóáóíúåöãú¡ áöÃóäøó ÇáÙøóÇåöÑó Ãóäøóåõãú áóÇ íóÚúÊóÞöÏõæäó ÇáúÈóÚúËó¡ ÝóÅöäú ßóÇäõæÇ íóÚúÊóÞöÏõæäóåõ¡ ÝóÇáúãõÑóÇÏõ ÇáúÎõÓúÑóÇäõ ÇáúÃóÚóãøõ¡ æóáóßöäøó ÇáúÃóåóãøó ÚöäúÏóåõãú åõæó ÇáÏøõäúíóæöíøõ.
(æóÇáúÝóÇÁõ) Ýöí: ÝóÃóÎóÐóÊúåõãõ ÇáÑøóÌúÝóÉõ áöáÊøóÚúÞöíÈö¡ Ãóíú: ßóÇäó ÃóÎúÐõ ÇáÑøóÌúÝóÉö ÅöíøóÇåõãú ÚóÞöÈó Þóæúáöåöãú áöÞóæúãöåöãú ãóÇ ÞóÇáõæÇ.
æóÊóÞóÏøóãó ÊóÝúÓöíÑõ: ÝóÃóÎóÐóÊúåõãõ ÇáÑøóÌúÝóÉõ ÝóÃóÕúÈóÍõæÇ Ýöí ÏÇÑöåöãú ÌÇËöãöíäó Ýöí äóÙöíÑöåóÇ ãöäú ÞöÕøóÉö ËóãõæÏó.
æóÇáÑøóÌúÝóÉõ ÇáøóÊöí ÃóÕóÇÈóÊú Ãóåúáó ãóÏúíóäó åöíó ÕóæóÇÚöÞõ ÎóÑóÌóÊú ãöäú ÙõáøóÉò¡ æóåöíó ÇáÓøóÍóÇÈóÉõ¡ ÞóÇáó ÊóÚóÇáóì Ýöí ÓõæÑóÉö ÇáÔøõÚóÑóÇÁö [189] . ÝóÃóÎóÐóåõãú ÚóÐÇÈõ íóæúãö ÇáÙøõáøóÉö¡ æóÞóÏú ÚóÈøóÑó Úóäö ÇáÑøóÌúÝóÉö Ýöí ÓõæÑóÉö åõæÏò ÈöÇáÕøóíúÍóÉö ÝóÊóÚóíøóäó Ãóäú Êóßõæäó ãöäú äóæúÚö ÇáúÃóÕúæóÇÊö ÇáúãõäúÔóÞøóÉö Úóäú ÞóÇáöÚò æóãóÞúáõæÚò áóÇ Úóäú ÞóÇÑöÚò æóãóÞúÑõæÚò æóåõæó ÇáÒøöáúÒóÇáõ¡ æóÇáúÃóÙúåóÑõ Ãóäú íóßõæäó ÃóÕóÇÈóåõãú ÒöáúÒóÇáñ æóÕóæóÇÚöÞõ ÝóÊóßõæäõ ÇáÑøóÌúÝóÉõ ÇáÒøöáúÒóÇáó æóÇáÕøóíúÍóÉõ ÇáÕøóÇÚöÞóÉó ßóãóÇ íóÏõáøõ Úóáóíúåö Þóæúáõåõ: ßóÃóäú áóãú íóÛúäóæúÇ ÝöíåóÇ.
æóÌõãúáóÉõ: ÇáøóÐöíäó ßóÐøóÈõæÇ ÔõÚóíúÈÇð ãõÓúÊóÃúäóÝóÉñ ÇÈúÊöÏóÇÆöíøóÉñ¡ æóÇáÊøóÚúÑöíÝõ ÈöÇáúãóæúÕõæáöíøóÉö áöáúÅöíãóÇÁö Åöáóì æóÌúåö ÈöäóÇÁö ÇáúÎóÈóÑö¡ æóåõæó Ãóäøó ÇÖúãöÍúáóÇáóåõãú æóÇäúÞöØóÇÚó ÏóÇÈöÑöåöãú ßóÇäó ÌóÒóÇÁð áóåõãú Úóáóì ÊóßúÐöíÈöåöãú ÔõÚóíúÈðÇ.(9/13)
ÝóÊóæóáøóì Úóäúåõãú æóÞóÇáó íóÇ Þóæúãö áóÞóÏú ÃóÈúáóÛúÊõßõãú ÑöÓóÇáóÇÊö ÑóÈøöí æóäóÕóÍúÊõ áóßõãú ÝóßóíúÝó ÂÓóì Úóáóì Þóæúãò ßóÇÝöÑöíäó (93)
æóãóÚúäóì: ßóÃóäú áóãú íóÛúäóæúÇ ÝöíåóÇ ÊóÔúÈöíå ÍóÇáóÉ ÇÓÊíÕÇáåã æóÚóÝóÇÁö ÂËóÇÑöåöãú ÈöÍóÇáö ãóäú áóãú
ÊóÓúÈöÞú áóåõãú ÍóíóÇÉñ¡ íõÞóÇáõ: Ûóäöíó ÈöÇáúãóßóÇäö ßóÑóÖöíó ÃóÞóÇãó¡ æóáöÐóáößó Óõãøöíó ãóßóÇäõ ÇáúÞóæúãö ãóÛúäðì. ÞóÇáó ÇÈúäõ ÚóØöíøóÉó: «ÇáøóÐöí ÇÓúÊóÞúÑóíúÊõ ãöäú ÃóÔúÚóÇÑö ÇáúÚóÑóÈö Ãóäøó Ûóäöíó ãóÚúäóÇåõ: ÃóÞóÇãó ÅöÞóÇãóÉð ãõÞúÊóÑöäóÉð ÈöÊóäóÚøõãö ÚóíúÔò æóíõÔúÈöåõ Ãóäú Êóßõæäó ãóÃúÎõæÐóÉð ãöäó ÇáöÇÓúÊöÛúäóÇÁö» Ãóíú ßóÃóäú áã Êßä áóåõã ÅöÞóÇãóÉñ¡ æóåóÐóÇ ÅöäøóãóÇ íõÚúäóì Èöåö ÇäúãöÍóÇÁõ ÂËóÇÑöåöãú ßóãóÇ ÞóÇáó: ÝóÌóÚóáúäÇåÇ ÍóÕöíÏÇð ßóÃóäú áóãú ÊóÛúäó ÈöÇáúÃóãúÓö [íõæäõÓ: 24] ¡ æóåõæó íõÑóÌøöÍõ Ãóäú íóßõæäó ÃóÕóÇÈóåõãú ÒöáúÒóÇáñ ãóÚó ÇáÕøóæóÇÚöÞö ÈöÍóíúËõ ÇÍúÊóÑóÞóÊú ÃóÌúÓóÇÏõåõãú æóÎõÓöÝó áóåõãú Ýöí ÇáúÃóÑúÖö æóÇäúÞóáóÈóÊú ÏöíóÇÑõåõãú Ýöí ÈóÇØöäö ÇáúÃóÑúÖö æóáóãú íóÈúÞó ÔóíúÁñ Ãóæú ÈóÞöíó ÔóíúÁñ Þóáöíáñ. ÝóåóÐóÇ åõæó æóÌúåõ ÇáÊøóÔúÈöíåö¡ æóáóíúÓó æóÌúåõ ÇáÊøóÔúÈöíåö ÍóÇáóÉó ãóæúÊöåöãú áöÃóäøó Ðóáößó ÍóÇÕöáñ Ýöí ßõáøö ãóíøöÊò æóáóÇ íóÎúÊóÕøõ ÈöÃóãúËóÇáö ãóÏúíóäó¡ æóåóÐóÇ ãöËúáõ Þóæúáöåö ÊóÚóÇáóì: Ýóåóáú ÊóÑì áóåõãú ãöäú ÈÇÞöíóÉò [ÇáÍÇÞÉ: 8] .
æóÊóÞúÏöíãõ ÇáúãõÓúäóÏö Åöáóíúåö Ýöí Þóæúáöåö: ÇáøóÐöíäó ßóÐøóÈõæÇ ÔõÚóíúÈÇð ßÇäõæÇ åõãõ ÇáúÎÇÓöÑöíäó ÅöÐóÇ ÇÚúÊõÈöÑóÊú ßÇäõæÇ ÝöÚúáðÇ¡ æóÇÚúÊõÈöÑó ÇáúãõÓúäóÏõ ÝöÚúáöíøðÇ Ýóåõæó ÊóÞúÏöíãñ áöÅöÝóÇÏóÉò ÊõÞóæøöí ÇáúÍõßúãó¡ æóÅöäö ÇÚúÊõÈöÑóÊú (ßóÇäó) ÈöãóäúÒöáóÉö ÇáÑøóÇÈöØóÉö¡ æóåõæó ÇáÙøóÇåöÑõ¡ ÝóÇáÊøóÞóæøöí ÍóÇÕöáñ ãöäú ãóÚúäóì ÇáËøõÈõæÊö ÇáøóÐöí ÊõÝöíÏõåõ ÇáúÌõãúáóÉõ ÇáöÇÓúãöíøóÉõ.
æóÇáÊøóßúÑöíÑõ áöÞóæúáöåö: ÇáøóÐöíäó ßóÐøóÈõæÇ ÔõÚóíúÈÇð áöáÊøóÚúÏöíÏö æóÅöíÞóÇÙö ÇáÓøóÇãöÚöíäó¡ æóåõãú ãõÔúÑößõæ ÇáúÚóÑóÈö¡ áöíóÊøóÞõæÇ ÚóÇÞöÈóÉó ÃóãúËóÇáöåöãú Ýöí ÇáÔøöÑúßö æóÇáÊøóßúÐöíÈö Úóáóì ØóÑöíÞóÉö ÇáÊøóÚúÑöíÖö¡ ßóãóÇ æóÞóÚó ÇáÊøóÕúÑöíÍõ ÈöÐóáößó Ýöí Þóæúáöåö ÊóÚóÇáóì: æóáöáúßÇÝöÑöíäó ÃóãúËÇáõåÇ [ãõÍóãøóÏ: 10] .
æóÖóãöíÑõ ÇáúÝóÕúáö Ýöí Þóæúáöåö: ßÇäõæÇ åõãõ ÇáúÎÇÓöÑöíäó íõÝöíÏõ ÇáúÞóÕúÑó æóåõæó ÞóÕúÑñ ÅöÖóÇÝöíøñ¡ Ãóíú Ïõæäó ÇáøóÐöíäó ÇÊøóÈóÚõæÇ ÔõÚóíúÈðÇ¡ æóÐóáößó áöÅöÙúåóÇÑö ÓóÝóåö Þóæúáö ÇáúãóáóÃö áöáúÚóÇãøóÉö áóÆöäö ÇÊøóÈóÚúÊõãú ÔõÚóíúÈÇð Åöäøóßõãú ÅöÐÇð áóÎÇÓöÑõæäó ÊóæúÞöíÝðÇ áöáúãõÚúÊóÈöÑöíäó Èöåöãú Úóáóì ÊóåóÇÝõÊö ÃóÞúæóÇáöåöãú æóÓóÝóÇåóÉö ÑóÃúíöåöãú¡ æóÊóÍúÐöíÑðÇ áöÃóãúËóÇáöåöãú ãöäó ÇáúæõÞõæÚö Ýöí Ðóáöß ÇáÖáÇá.
[93]
[ÓõæÑóÉ ÇáúÃóÚúÑóÇÝ (7) : ÂíóÉ 93]
ÝóÊóæóáøóì Úóäúåõãú æóÞÇáó íóÇ Þóæúãö áóÞóÏú ÃóÈúáóÛúÊõßõãú ÑöÓÇáÇÊö ÑóÈøöí æóäóÕóÍúÊõ áóßõãú ÝóßóíúÝó ÂÓóì Úóáì Þóæúãò ßÇÝöÑöíäó (93)
ÊóÞóÏøóãó ÊóÝúÓöíÑõ äóÙöíÑö åóÐöåö ÇáúÂíóÉö Åöáóì Þóæúáöåö: æóäóÕóÍúÊõ áóßõãú ãöäú ÞöÕøóÉö ËóãõæÏó¡ æóÊóÞóÏøóãó(9/14)
æóÌúåõ ÇáÊøóÚúÈöíÑö Èö ÑöÓÇáÇÊö ÈöÕöíÛóÉö ÇáúÌóãúÚö Ýöí äóÙöíÑöåóÇ ãöäú ÞöÕøóÉö Þóæúãö äõæÍò.
æóäöÏóÇÄõåõ Þóæúãóåõ äöÏóÇÁ ÊÍÓÑ æÊÈÑÆ ãöäú Úóãóáöåöãú¡ æóåõæó ãöËúáõ Þóæá ÇáäÈíÁ Õóáøóì Çááåõ Úóáóíúåö æóÓóáøóãó ÈóÚúÏó æóÞúÚóÉö ÈóÏúÑò¡ Íöíäó æóÞóÝó Úóáóì ÇáúÞóáöíÈö ÇáøóÐöí ÃõáúÞöíó Ýöíåö ÞóÊúáóì ÇáúãõÔúÑößöíäó ÝóäóÇÏóÇåõãú ÈöÃóÓúãóÇÁö ÕóäóÇÏöíÏöåöãú Ëõãøó
ÞóÇáó: «áóÞóÏú æóÌóÏúäóÇ ãóÇ æóÚóÏóäóÇ ÑóÈøõäóÇ ÍóÞøðÇ Ýóåóáú æóÌóÏúÊõãú ãóÇ æóÚóÏóßõãú ÑóÈøõßõãú ÍóÞøðÇ»
æóÌóÇÁó ÈöÇáöÇÓúÊöÝúåóÇãö
ÇáúÅöäúßóÇÑöíøö Ýöí Þóæúáöåö: ÝóßóíúÝó ÂÓóì Úóáì Þóæúãò ßÇÝöÑöíäó ãõÎóÇØöÈðÇ äóÝúÓóåõ Úóáóì ØóÑöíÞóÉö ÇáÊøóÌúÑöíÏö¡ ÅöÐú ÎóØóÑó áóåõ ÎóÇØöÑõ ÇáúÍõÒúäö Úóáóíúåöãú ÝóÏóÝóÚóåõ Úóäú äóÝúÓöåö ÈöÃóäøóåõãú áóÇ íóÓúÊóÍöÞøõæäó Ãóäú íõÄúÓóÝó Úóáóíúåöãú áöÃóäøóåõãõ ÇÎúÊóÇÑõæÇ Ðóáößó áöÃóäúÝõÓöåöãú¡ æóáöÃóäøóåõ áóãú íóÊúÑõßú ãöäú ÊóÍúÐöíÑöåöãú ãóÇ áóæú ÃóáúÞóÇåõ Åöáóíúåöãú áóÃóÞúáóÚõæÇ ÚóãøóÇ åõãú Ýöíåö Ýóáóãú íóÈúÞó ãóÇ íõæÌöÈõ ÃóÓóÝóåõ æóäóÏóÇãóÊóåõ ßóÞóæúáöåö ÊóÚóÇáóì: ÝóáóÚóáøóßó ÈÇÎöÚñ äóÝúÓóßó Úóáì ÂËÇÑöåöãú Åöäú áóãú íõÄúãöäõæÇ ÈöåÐóÇ ÇáúÍóÏöíËö ÃóÓóÝÇð [ÇáúßóåúÝ: 6] æóÞóæúáöåö: ÝóáÇ ÊóÐúåóÈú äóÝúÓõßó Úóáóíúåöãú ÍóÓóÑÇÊò [ÝÇØÑ: 8] .
ÝóÇáúÝóÇÁõ Ýöí ÝóßóíúÝó ÂÓóì Úóáì Þóæúãò ßÇÝöÑöíäó áöáÊøóÝúÑöíÚö Úóáóì Þóæúáöåö: áóÞóÏú ÃóÈúáóÛúÊõßõãú ÅöáóÎú ... ÝóÑøóÚó ÇáöÇÓúÊöÝúåóÇãó ÇáúÅöäúßóÇÑöíøó Úóáóì Ðóáößó áöÃóäøóåõ áóãøóÇ ÃóÈúáóÛóåõãú æóäóÕóÍó áóåõãú æóÃóÚúÑóÖõæÇ Úóäúåõ¡ ÝóÞóÏö ÇÓúÊóÍóÞøõæÇ ÛóÖóÈó ãóäú íóÛúÖóÈõ áöáøóåö¡ æóåõæó ÇáÑøóÓõæáõ¡ æóíóÑóì ÇÓúÊöÍúÞóÇÞóåõãõ ÇáúÚöÞóÇÈó ÝóßóíúÝó íóÍúÒóäõ Úóáóíúåöãú áöãóÇ ÃóÕóÇÈóåõãú ãöäó ÇáúÚõÞõæÈóÉö.
æóÇáúÃóÓóì: ÔöÏøóÉõ ÇáúÍõÒúäö¡ æóÝÚáå ßÑÖí¡ æ «ÂÓì» ãõÖóÇÑöÚñ ãõÝúÊóÊóÍñ ÈöåóãúÒóÉö ÇáÊøóßóáøõãö¡ ÝóÇÌúÊóãóÚó åóãúÒóÊóÇäö.
æóíóÌõæÒõ Ãóäú íóßõæäó ÇáöÇÓúÊöÝúåóÇãõ ÇáúÅöäúßóÇÑöíøõ ãõæóÌøóåðÇ Åöáóì äóÝúÓöåö Ýöí ÇáÙøóÇåöÑö¡ æóÇáúãóÞúÕõæÏõ äóåúíõ ãóäú ãóÚóåõ ãöäó ÇáúãõÄúãöäöíäó Úóäö ÇáúÃóÓóì Úóáóì Þóæúãöåöãõ ÇáúåóÇáößöíäó¡ ÅöÐú íóÌõæÒõ Ãóäú íóÍúÕõáó Ýöí äõÝõæÓöåöãú ÍõÒúäñ Úóáóì åóáúßóì Þóæúãöåöãú æóÅöäú ßóÇäõæÇ ÞóÏö ÇÓúÊóÍóÞøõæÇ ÇáúåóáóÇßó.
æóÞóæúáõåõ: Úóáì Þóæúãò ßÇÝöÑöíäó ÅöÙúåóÇÑñ Ýöí ãóÞóÇãö ÇáúÅöÖúãóÇÑö: áöíóÊóÃóÊøóì æóÕúÝõåõãú ÈöÇáúßõÝúÑö ÒöíóÇÏóÉð Ýöí ÊóÚúÒöíóÉö äóÝúÓöåö æóÊóÑúßö ÇáúÍõÒúäö Úóáóíúåöãú.
æóÞóÏú äóÌøóì Çááøóåõ ÔõÚóíúÈðÇ ãöãøóÇ Íóáøó ÈöÞóæúãöåö ÈöÃóäú ÝóÇÑöÞó ÏöíóÇÑó ÇáúÚóÐóÇÈö¡ Þöíáó: Åöäøóåõ ÎóÑóÌó ãóÚó ãóäú Âãóäó Èöåö Åöáóì ãóßøóÉó æóÇÓúÊóÞóÑøõæÇ ÈöåóÇ Åöáóì Ãóäú ÊõæõÝøõæÇ¡ æóÇáúÃóÙúåóÑõ Ãóäøóåõãú ÓóßóäõæÇ ãóÍóáøóÉð ÎóÇÕøóÉð Èöåöãú Ýöí ÈóáóÏöåöãú ÑóÝóÚó Çááøóåõ ÚóäúåóÇ ÇáúÚóÐóÇÈó¡ ÝóÅöäøó ÈóÞöíøóÉó ãóÏúíóäó áóãú íóÒóÇáõæÇ ÈöÃóÑúÖöåöãú¡ æóÞóÏú ÐóßóÑóÊö ÇáÊøóæúÑóÇÉõ Ãóäøó ÔõÚóíúÈðÇ ßóÇäó ÈöÃóÑúÖö Þóæúãöåö ÍöíäóãóÇ ãóÑøóÊú Èóäõæ ÅöÓúÑóÇÆöíáó Úóáóì ÏöíóÇÑöåöãú Ýöí ÎõÑõæÌöåöãú ãä ãÕÑ.(9/15)
æóãóÇ ÃóÑúÓóáúäóÇ Ýöí ÞóÑúíóÉò ãöäú äóÈöíøò ÅöáøóÇ ÃóÎóÐúäóÇ ÃóåúáóåóÇ ÈöÇáúÈóÃúÓóÇÁö æóÇáÖøóÑøóÇÁö áóÚóáøóåõãú íóÖøóÑøóÚõæäó (94) Ëõãøó ÈóÏøóáúäóÇ ãóßóÇäó ÇáÓøóíøöÆóÉö ÇáúÍóÓóäóÉó ÍóÊøóì ÚóÝóæúÇ æóÞóÇáõæÇ ÞóÏú ãóÓøó ÂÈóÇÁóäóÇ ÇáÖøóÑøóÇÁõ æóÇáÓøóÑøóÇÁõ ÝóÃóÎóÐúäóÇåõãú ÈóÛúÊóÉð æóåõãú áóÇ íóÔúÚõÑõæäó (95)
[ÓõæÑóÉ ÇáúÃóÚúÑóÇÝ (7) : ÇáúÂíóÇÊ 94 Åöáóì 95]
æóãÇ ÃóÑúÓóáúäÇ Ýöí ÞóÑúíóÉò ãöäú äóÈöíøò ÅöáÇøó ÃóÎóÐúäÇ ÃóåúáóåÇ ÈöÇáúÈóÃúÓÇÁö æóÇáÖøóÑøóÇÁö áóÚóáøóåõãú íóÖøóÑøóÚõæäó (94) Ëõãøó ÈóÏøóáúäÇ ãóßÇäó ÇáÓøóíøöÆóÉö ÇáúÍóÓóäóÉó ÍóÊøóì ÚóÝóæúÇ æóÞÇáõæÇ ÞóÏú ãóÓøó ÂÈÇÁóäóÇ ÇáÖøóÑøóÇÁõ æóÇáÓøóÑøóÇÁõ ÝóÃóÎóÐúäÇåõãú ÈóÛúÊóÉð æóåõãú áóÇ íóÔúÚõÑõæäó (95)
ÚóØóÝóÊö ÇáúæóÇæõ ÌõãúáóÉó ãóÇ ÃóÑúÓóáúäÇ Úóáóì ÌõãúáóÉö æóÅöáì ãóÏúíóäó ÃóÎÇåõãú ÔõÚóíúÈÇð [ÇáúÃóÚúÑóÇÝ:
85] ¡ ÚóØúÝó ÇáúÃóÚóãøö Úóáóì ÇáúÃóÎóÕøö. áöÃóäøó ãóÇ ÐõßöÑó ãöäó ÇáúÞóÕóÕö ÇÈúÊöÏóÇÁð ãöäú Þóæúáöåö ÊóÚóÇáóì: áóÞóÏú ÃóÑúÓóáúäÇ äõæÍÇð Åöáì Þóæúãöåö [ÇáúÃóÚúÑóÇÝ: 59] ßõáøõåõ¡ ÇáúÞóÕúÏõ ãöäúåõ ÇáúÚöÈúÑóÉõ ÈöÇáúÃõãóãö ÇáúÎóÇáöíóÉö ãæÚÙÉ áößõÝøóÇÑö ÇáúÚóÑóÈö ÝóáóãøóÇ ÊóáóÇ Úóáóíúåöãú ÞóÕóÕó ÎóãúÓö Ãõãóãò ÌóÇÁó ÇáúÂäó ÈöÍõßúãò ßõáøöíøò íóÚõãøõ ÓóÇÆöÑó ÇáúÃõãóãö ÇáúãõßóÐøöÈóÉö Úóáóì ØóÑöíÞóÉö ÞöíóÇÓö ÇáÊøóãúËöíáö¡ Ãóæú ÞöíóÇÓö ÇáöÇÓúÊöÞúÑóÇÁö ÇáäøóÇÞöÕö¡ æóåõæó ÃóÔúåóÑõ ÞöíóÇÓò íõÓúáóßõ Ýöí ÇáúãóÞóÇãóÇÊö ÇáúÎöØóÇÈöíøóÉö¡ æóåóÐöåö ÇáúÌõãóáõ Åöáóì Þóæúáöåö: Ëõãøó ÈóÚóËúäÇ ãöäú ÈóÚúÏöåöãú ãõæÓì [íõæäõÓ: 75] ßóÇáúãõÚúÊóÑöÖóÉö Èóíúäó ÇáúÞóÕóÕö¡ áöáÊøóäúÈöíåö Úóáóì ãóæúÞöÚö ÇáúãóæúÚöÙóÉö¡ æóÐóáößó åõæó ÇáúãóÞúÕõæÏõ ãöäú Êöáúßó ÇáúÞóÕóÕö¡ Ýóåõæó ÇÚúÊöÑóÇÖñ ÈöÈóíóÇäö ÇáúãóÞúÕõæÏö ãöäó ÇáúßóáóÇãö æóåóÐóÇ ßóËöíÑõ ÇáúæõÞõæÚö Ýöí ÇÚúÊöÑóÇÖö ÇáúßóáóÇãö.
æóÚõÏöíøó ÃóÑúÓóáúäÇ Èö (Ýöí) Ïõæäó (Åöáóì) áöÃóäøó ÇáúãõÑóÇÏó ÈöÇáúÞóÑúíóÉö ÍóÞöíÞóÊõåóÇ¡ æóåöíó áóÇ íõÑúÓóáõ ÅöáóíúåóÇ æóÅöäøóãóÇ íõÑúÓóáõ ÝöíåóÇ Åöáóì ÃóåúáöåóÇ¡ ÝóÇáÊøóÞúÏöíÑõ: æóãóÇ ÃóÑúÓóáúäóÇ Ýöí ÞóÑúíóÉò ãöäú äóÈöíÁò Åöáóì ÃóåúáöåóÇ ÅöáøóÇ ÃóÎóÐúäóÇ ÃóåúáóåóÇ Ýóåõæó ßóÞóæúáöåö ÊóÚóÇáóì: æóãÇ ßÇäó ÑóÈøõßó ãõåúáößó ÇáúÞõÑì ÍóÊøóì íóÈúÚóËó Ýöí ÃõãøöåÇ ÑóÓõæáðÇ [ÇáúÞóÕóÕ:
59] æóáóÇ íóÌúÑöí Ýöí åóÐóÇ ãöäó ÇáúãóÚúäóì ãóÇ íóÌúÑöí Ýöí Þóæúáöåö ÊóÚóÇáóì ÇáúÂÊöí ÞóÑöíÈÇ: æóÃóÑúÓöáú Ýöí ÇáúãóÏÇÆöäö ÍÇÔöÑöíäó [ÇáúÃóÚúÑóÇÝ: 111] ÅöÐú áóÇ ÏóÇÚöíó Åöáóíúåö åõäóÇ.
æãöäú ãóÒöíÏñ áöáÊøóäúÕöíÕö Úóáóì ÇáúÚõãõæãö ÇáúãõÓúÊóÝóÇÏö ãöäú æõÞõæÚö ÇáäøóßöÑóÉö Ýöí ÓöíóÇÞö ÇáäøóÝúíö¡ æóÊóÎúÕöíÕö ÇáúÞõÑóì ÈöÅöÑúÓóÇáö ÇáÑøõÓõáö ÝöíåóÇ Ïõæäó ÇáúÈóæóÇÏöí ßóãóÇ ÃóÔóÇÑóÊú Åöáóíúåö åóÐöåö ÇáúÂíóÉõ æóÛóíúÑõåóÇ ãöäú Âíö ÇáúÞõÑúÂäö¡ æóÔóåöÏó Èöåö ÊóÇÑöíÎ ÇáúÃóÏúíóÇä¡ íäÈìÁ Ãóäøó ãõÑóÇÏó Çááøóåö ÊóÚóÇáóì ãöäú ÅöÑúÓóÇáö ÇáÑøõÓõáö åõæó ÈóËøõ ÇáÕøóáóÇÍö áöÃóÕúÍóÇÈö ÇáúÍóÖóÇÑóÉö ÇáøóÊöí íóÊóØóÑøóÞõ ÅöáóíúåóÇ ÇáúÎóáóáõ ÈöÓóÈóÈö ÇÌúÊöãóÇÚö ÇáúÃóÕúäóÇÝö ÇáúãõÎúÊóáöÝóÉö¡ æóÃóäøó Ãóåúáó ÇáúÈóæóÇÏöí áóÇ íóÎúáõæäó Úóäö ÇáöÇäúÍöíóÇÒö Åöáóì ÇáúÞõÑóì æóÇáúÅöíæóÇÁö Ýöí ÍóÇÌóÇÊöåöãõ ÇáúãóÏóäöíøóÉö Åöáóì ÇáúÞõÑóì ÇáúÞóÑöíÈóÉö¡ ÝóÃóãøóÇ ãóÌöíÁõ äóÈöíÁò ÛóíúÑö ÑóÓõæáò áöÃóåúáö(9/16)
ÇáúÈóæóÇÏöí ÝóÞóÏú ÌóÇÁó ÎóÇáöÏõ Èúäõ ÓöäóÇäò äóÈöíøðÇ Ýöí Èóäöí ÚóÈúÓò¡ æóÃóãøóÇ ÍóäúÙóáóÉõ Èúäõ ÕóÝúæóÇäó äóÈöíÁõ Ãóåúáö ÇáÑøóÓøö ÝóÇáúÃóÙúåóÑõ Ãóäøóåõ ÑóÓõæáñ áöÃóäøó Çááøóåó ÐßÑ Ãåá ÇáÑøõÓõá Ýöí ÚöÏóÇÏö ÇáúÃõãóãö ÇáúãõßóÐøöÈóÉö¡ æóÞóÏú Þöíáó: Åöäøóåõ ÙóåóÑó ÈöÞóÑúíóÉö ÇáÑøóÓøö ÇáøóÊöí ÊõÓóãøóì ÃóíúÖðÇ (ÝóÊúÍó) ÈöÇáúãõåúãóáóÉö Ãóæú (ÝóÊúÎó) ÈöÇáúãõÚúÌóãóÉö Ãóæú (ÝóíúÌó) ÈöÊóÍúÊöíøóÉò æóÌöíãò¡ Ãóæú ÝóáúÌó (ÈöáóÇãò æóÌöíãò) ãöäó ÇáúíóãóÇãóÉö.
æóÇáöÇÓúÊöËúäóÇÁõ ãõÝóÑøóÛñ ãöäú ÃóÍúæóÇáò¡ Ãóíú ãóÇ ÃóÑúÓóáúäóÇ äóÈöíøðÇ Ýöí ÞóÑúíóÉò Ýöí ÍóÇáò ãöäó ÇáúÃóÍúæóÇáö ÅöáøóÇ Ýöí ÍóÇáö ÃóäøóäóÇ ÃóÎóÐúäóÇ ÃóåúáóåóÇ ÈöÇáúÈóÃúÓóÇÁö¡ æóÞóÏú æóÞóÚó Ýöí ÇáúßóáóÇãö ÅöíÌóÇÒõ ÍóÐúÝò Ïóáøó Úóáóíúåö Þóæúáõåõ: áóÚóáøóåõãú íóÖøóÑøóÚõæäó ÝóÅöäøóåõ íóÏõáøõ Úóáóì Ãóäøóåõãú áóãú íóÖøóÑøóÚõæÇ ÞóÈúáó ÇáúÃóÎúÐö ÈöÇáúÈóÃúÓóÇÁö æóÇáÖøóÑøóÇÁö¡ ÝóÇáÊøóÞúÏöíÑõ: æóãóÇ ÃóÑúÓóáúäóÇ Ýöí ÞóÑúíóÉò ãöäú äóÈöíÁò ÅöáøóÇ ßóÐøóÈóåõ Ãóåúáõ ÇáúÞóÑúíóÉö ÝóÎóæøóÝúäóÇåõãú áóÚóáøóåõãú íóÐöáøõæäó áöáøóåö æóíóÊúÑõßõæäó ÇáúÚöäóÇÏó ÅöáóÎú ...
æóÇáúÃóÎúÐõ: åõäóÇ ãóÌóÇÒñ Ýöí ÇáÊøóäóÇæõáö æóÇáúÅöÕóÇÈóÉö ÈöÇáúãóßúÑõæåö ÇáøóÐöí áóÇ íõÓúÊóØóÇÚõ ÏóÝúÚõåõ¡ æóåõæó ãóÚúäóì
ÇáúÛóáóÈóÉö¡ ßóãóÇ ÊóÞóÏøóãó Ýöí Þóæúáöåö ÊóÚóÇáóì: æóáóÞóÏú ÃóÑúÓóáúäÇ Åöáì Ãõãóãò ãöäú ÞóÈúáößó ÝóÃóÎóÐúäÇåõãú ÈöÇáúÈóÃúÓÇÁö æóÇáÖøóÑøóÇÁö Ýöí ÓõæÑóÉö ÇáúÃóäúÚóÇãö [42] .
æóÞóæúáõåõ: ÈöÇáúÈóÃúÓÇÁö æóÇáÖøóÑøóÇÁö áóÚóáøóåõãú íóÖøóÑøóÚõæäó ÊóÞóÏøóãó ãóÇ íõÝóÓøöÑõåóÇ Ýöí Þóæúáöåö: æóáóÞóÏú ÃóÑúÓóáúäÇ Åöáì Ãõãóãò ãöäú ÞóÈúáößó ÝóÃóÎóÐúäÇåõãú ÈöÇáúÈóÃúÓÇÁö æóÇáÖøóÑøóÇÁö áóÚóáøóåõãú íóÊóÖóÑøóÚõæäó Ýöí ÓõæÑóÉö ÇáúÃóäúÚóÇãö [42] .
æóíõÝóÓøóÑõ ÈóÚúÖõåóÇ ÃóíúÖðÇ Ýöí Þóæúáöåö: æóÇáÕøóÇÈöÑöíäó Ýöí ÇáúÈóÃúÓÇÁö æóÇáÖøóÑøóÇÁö Ýöí ÓõæÑóÉö ÇáúÈóÞóÑóÉö [177] .
æóÇÓúÊóÛúäóÊú ÌõãúáóÉõ ÇáúÍóÇáö ÇáúãóÇÖóæöíøóÉõ Úáì ÇáúæóÇæ æ (ÞÏ) ÈöÍóÑúÝö ÇáöÇÓúÊöËúäóÇÁö¡ ÝóáóÇ íóÌúÊóãöÚõ ãóÚó (ÞóÏú) ÅöáøóÇ äóÇÏöÑðÇ¡ Ãóíú: ÇÈúÊóÏóÃúäóÇåõãú ÈöÇáÊøóÎúæöíÝö æóÇáúãóÕóÇÆöÈö áöÊóÝõáøó ãöäú ÍöÏøóÊöåöãú æóÊóÕúÑöÝó ÊóÃóãøõáóåõãú Åöáóì ÊóØóáøõÈö ÃóÓúÈóÇÈö ÇáúãóÕóÇÆöÈö ÝóíóÚúáóãõæÇ ÃóäøóåóÇ ãöäú ÛóÖóÈö Çááøóåö Úóáóíúåöãú ÝóíóÊõæÈõæÇ.
æóÇáÊøóÈúÏöíáõ: ÇáÊøóÚúæöíÖõ¡ ÝóÍóÞøõåõ Ãóäú íóÊóÚóÏøóì Åöáóì ÇáúãóÝúÚõæáö ÇáËøóÇäöí ÈöÇáúÈóÇÁö ÇáúãõÝöíÏóÉö ãóÚúäóì ÇáúÈóÏóáöíøóÉö æóíóßõæäõ Ðóáößó ÇáúãóÝúÚõæáõ ÇáËøóÇäöí ÇáúãóÏúÎõæáõ áöáúÈóÇÁö åõæó ÇáúãóÊúÑõæßó¡ æóÇáúãóÝúÚõæáõ ÇáúÃóæøóáõ åõæó ÇáúãóÃúÎõæÐó¡ ßóãóÇ Ýöí Þóæúáöåö ÊóÚóÇáóì: ÞÇáó ÃóÊóÓúÊóÈúÏöáõæäó ÇáøóÐöí åõæó ÃóÏúäì ÈöÇáøóÐöí åõæó ÎóíúÑñ Ýöí ÓõæÑóÉö ÇáúÈóÞóÑóÉö [61] ¡ æóÞóæúáöåö: æóáÇ ÊóÊóÈóÏøóáõæÇ ÇáúÎóÈöíËó ÈöÇáØøóíøöÈö Ýöí ÓõæÑóÉö ÇáäøöÓóÇÁö [2] ¡ áöÐóáößó ÇäúÊóÕóÈó ÇáúÍóÓóäóÉó åõäóÇ áöÃóäøóåóÇ ÇáúãóÃúÎõæÐóÉõ áóåõãú ÈóÚúÏó ÇáÓøóíøöÆóÉö Ýóåöíó ÇáúãóÝúÚõæáõ ÇáúÃóæøóáõ æóÇáÓøóíøöÆóÉõ åöíó ÇáúãóÊúÑõæßóÉõ¡ æóÚóÏóáó Úóäú ÌóÑøö ÇáÓøóíøöÆóÉö ÈöÇáúÈóÇÁö Åöáóì áóÝúÙò íõÄóÏøöí ãõÄóÏøóì ÈóÇÁö ÇáúÈóÏóáöíøóÉö æóåõæó(9/17)
áóÝúÙõ (ãóßóÇäó) ÇáúãõÓúÊóÚúãóáõ ÙóÑúÝðÇ ãÌóÇÒðÇ Úóä ÇáúÎóáöíÝóÉ¡ íõÞóÇáõ ÎõÐú åóÐóÇ ãóßóÇäó Ðóáößó¡ Ãóíú: ÎõÐúåõ ÎóáóÝðÇ Úóäú Ðóáößó áöÃóäøó ÇáúÎóáóÝó íóÍõáøõ Ýöí ãóßóÇäö ÇáúãóÎúáõæÝö Úóäúåõ¡ æóãöäú åóÐóÇ ÇáúÞóÈöíáö Þóæúáõ ÇãúÑöÆö ÇáúÞóíúÓö:
æóÈõÏöáúÊõ ÞõÑúÍðÇ ÏóÇãöíðÇ ÈóÚúÏó äöÚúãóÉò ÝóÌóÚóáó (ÈóÚúÏó) ÚöæóÖðÇ Úóäú ÈóÇÁö ÇáúÈóÏóáöíøóÉö.
ÝóÞóæúáõåõ: ãóßÇäó ãóäúÕõæÈñ Úóáóì ÇáÙøóÑúÝöíøóÉö ãóÌóÇÒðÇ¡ Ãóíú: ÈóÏøóáúäóÇåõãú ÍóÓóäóÉð Ýöí ãóßóÇäö ÇáÓøóíøöÆóÉö¡ æóÇáúÍóÓóäóÉõ ÇÓúãñ ÇÚúÊõÈöÑó ãõÄóäøóËðÇ áöÊóÃúæöíáöåö ÈöÇáúÍóÇáóÉö æóÇáúÍóÇÏöËóÉö æóßóÐóáößó ÇáÓøóíøöÆóÉõ ÝóåõãóÇ Ýöí ÇáúÃóÕúáö ÕöÝóÊóÇäö áöãóæúÕõæÝò ãóÍúÐõæÝò¡ Ëõãøó ßóËõÑó ÍóÐúÝõ ÇáúãóæúÕõæÝö áöÞöáøóÉö ÌóÏúæóì ÐößúÑöåö ÝóÕóÇÑóÊö ÇáÕøöÝóÊóÇäö ßóÇáöÇÓúãóíúäö¡ æóáöÐóáößó ÚõÈøöÑó Úóäö ÇáúÍóÓóäóÉö Ýöí ÈóÚúÖö ÇáúÂíóÇÊö ÈöãóÇ íõÊóáóãøóÍõ ãöäúåõ ãóÚúäóì æóÕúÝöíøóÊöåóÇ äóÍúæó Þóæúáöåö ÊóÚóÇáóì: æóáÇ ÊóÓúÊóæöí ÇáúÍóÓóäóÉõ æóáóÇ ÇáÓøóíøöÆóÉõ ÇÏúÝóÚú ÈöÇáøóÊöí åöíó ÃóÍúÓóäõ [ÝÕáÊ: 34] Ãóíö: ÇÏúÝóÚö ÇáÓøóíøöÆóÉó ÈöÇáúÍóÓóäóÉö¡ ÝóáóãøóÇ ÌóÇÁó ÈöØóÑöíÞóÉö ÇáúãóæúÕõæáöíøóÉö æóÇáÕøöáóÉö ÈöÃóÝúÚóáö ÇáÊøóÝúÖöíáö ÊõáõãøöÍó ãóÚúäóì ÇáúæóÕúÝöíøóÉö ÝöíåöãóÇ¡ æóßóÐóáößó Þóæúáõåõ ÊóÚóÇáóì: ÇÏúÝóÚú ÈöÇáøóÊöí åöíó ÃóÍúÓóäõ ÇáÓøóíøöÆóÉó [ÝÕáÊ: 34] . æóãöËúáõåõãóÇ Ýöí åóÐóÇ ÇáúãõÕöíÈóÉõ¡ ßóãóÇ Ýöí Þóæúáöåö ÊóÚóÇáóì Ýöí ÓõæÑóÉö ÈóÑóÇÁóÉó [50] : Åöäú ÊõÕöÈúßó ÍóÓóäóÉñ ÊóÓõÄúåõãú æóÅöäú ÊõÕöÈúßó
ãõÕöíÈóÉñ íóÞõæáõæÇ ÞóÏú ÃóÎóÐúäÇ ÃóãúÑóäÇ ãöäú ÞóÈúáõ
Ãóíú: ÈóÏøóáúäóÇåõãú ÍóÇáóÉð ÍóÓóäóÉð ÈÍÇáÊåã ÇáÓíøÆÉ ÈöÍóÇáóÊöåöãõ ÇáÓøóíøöÆóÉö æóåöíó ÍóÇáóÉõ ÇáúÈóÃúÓóÇÁö æóÇáÖøóÑøóÇÁö.
ÝóÇáÊøóÚúÑöíÝõ ÊóÚúÑöíÝõ ÇáúÌöäúÓö¡ æóåõæó ãõÔúÚöÑñ ÈöÃóäøóåõãú ÃõÚúØõæÇ ÍóÇáóÉð ÍóÓóäóÉð ÈóØöíÆóÉó ÇáäøóÝúÚö áóÇ ÊóÈúáõÛõ ãóÈúáóÛó ÇáúÈóÑóßóÉö.
æÍóÊøóì ÛóÇíóÉñ áöãóÇ íóÊóÖóãøóäõåõ ÈóÏøóáúäÇ ãöäó ÇÓúÊöãúÑóÇÑö Ðóáößó æóåöíó ÇÈúÊöÏóÇÆöíøóÉñ¡ æóÇáúÌõãúáóÉõ ÇáøóÊöí ÈóÚúÏóåóÇ áóÇ ãóÍóáøó áóåóÇ.
æÚóÝóæúÇ ßóËõÑõæÇ. íõÞóÇáõ: ÚóÝóÇ ÇáäøóÈóÇÊõ¡ ÅöÐóÇ ßóËõÑó æóäóãóÇ¡ æóÚóØóÝó æóÞÇáõæÇ Úóáóì ÚóÝóæúÇ Ýóåõæó ãöäú ÈóÞöíøóÉö ÇáúÛóÇíóÉö.
æóÇáÓøóÑøóÇÁõ: ÇáäøöÚúãóÉõ æóÑóÎóÇÁõ ÇáúÚóíúÔö¡ æóåöíó ÖöÏøõ ÇáÖøóÑøóÇÁö.
æóÇáúãóÚúäóì ÃóäøóÇ äóÃúÎõÐõåõãú ÈöãóÇ íõÛóíøöÑõ ÍóÇáóåõãõ ÇáøóÊöí ßóÇäõæÇ ÝöíåóÇ ãöäú ÑóÎóÇÁò æóÕöÍøóÉò ÚóÓóì Ãóäú íóÚúáóãõæÇ Ãóäøó ÓóáúÈó ÇáäøöÚúãóÉö Úóäúåõãú ÃóãóÇÑóÉñ Úóáóì ÛóÖóÈö Çááøóåö Úóáóíúåöãú ãöäú ÌóÑøóÇÁö ÊóßúÐöíÈöåöãú ÑóÓõæáóåõãú ÝóáóÇ íóåúÊóÏõæäó¡ Ëõãøó äóÑõÏøõåõãú Åöáóì ÍóÇáóÊöåöãõ ÇáúÃõæáóì ÅöãúåóÇáðÇ áóåõãú æóÇÓúÊöÏúÑóÇÌðÇ ÝóíóÒúÏóÇÏõæäó ÖóáóÇáðÇ¡ ÝóÅöÐóÇ ÑóÃóæúÇ Ðóáößó ÊóÚóáøóáõæÇ áöãóÇ ÃóÕóÇÈóåõãú ãöäó ÇáúÈõÄúÓö æóÇáÖøõÑøö ÈöÃóäøó Ðóáößó ÇáÊøóÛúíöíÑó ÅöäøóãóÇ åõæó ÚóÇÑöÖñ ãöäú ÚóæóÇÑöÖö(9/18)
ÇáÒøóãóÇäö æóÃóäøóåõ ÞóÏú ÃóÕóÇÈó ÃóÓúáóÇÝóåõãú ãöäú ÞóÈúáöåöãú æóáóãú íóÌöÆúåõãú ÑõÓõáñ.
æóåóÐöåö ÚóÇÏóÉõ Çááøóåö ÊóÚóÇáóì Ýöí ÊóäúÈöíåö ÚöÈóÇÏöåö¡ ÝóÅöäøóåõ íõÍöÈøõ ãöäúåõãõ ÇáÊøóæóÓøõãó Ýöí ÇáúÃóÔúíóÇÁö æóÇáöÇÓúÊöÏúáóÇáó ÈöÇáúÚóÞúáö æóÇáäøóÙóÑó ÈöÇáúãõÓóÈøóÈóÇÊö Úóáóì ÇáúÃóÓúÈóÇÈö¡ ßóãóÇ ÞóÇáó ÊóÚóÇáóì: ÃóæóáÇ íóÑóæúäó Ãóäøóåõãú íõÝúÊóäõæäó Ýöí ßõáøö ÚÇãò ãóÑøóÉð Ãóæú ãóÑøóÊóíúäö Ëõãøó áóÇ íóÊõæÈõæäó æóáÇ åõãú íóÐøóßøóÑõæäó
[ÇáÊøóæúÈóÉ: 126] áöÃóäøó Çááøóåó áóãøóÇ æóåóÈó ÇáúÅöäúÓóÇäó ÇáúÚóÞúáó ÝóÞóÏú ÃóÍóÈøó ãöäúåõ Ãóäú íóÓúÊóÚúãöáóåõ ÝöíãóÇ íóÈúáõÛõ Èöåö ÇáúßóãóÇáó æóíóÞöíåö ÇáÖøóáóÇáó.
æóÙóÇåöÑõ ÇáúÂíóÉö: Ãóäøó åóÐóÇ ÇáÞóæúá ÕÇÏÑ ÈöÃóáúÓöäóÊöåöãú æóåõæó íóßõæäõ ÏóÇÆöÑðÇ ÝöíãóÇ Èóíúäó ÈóÚúÖöåöãú æóÈóÚúÖö Ýöí ãõÌóÇÏóáóÊöåöãú áöÑõÓõáöåöãú ÍöíäóãóÇ íóÚöÙõæäóåõãú ÈöãóÇ Íóáøó Èöåöãú æóíóÏúÚõæäóåõãú Åöáóì ÇáÊøóæúÈóÉö æóÇáúÅöíãóÇäö áöíõßúÔóÝó Úóäúåõãõ ÇáÖøõÑøõ.
æóíóÌõæÒõ Ãóäú íóßõæäó åóÐóÇ ÇáúÞóæúáõ ÃóíúÖðÇ: íóÌöíÔõ Ýöí äõÝõæÓöåöãú áöíóÏúÝóÚõæÇ ÈöÐóáößó ãóÇ íóÎúØõÑõ ÈöÈóÇáöåöãú ãöäú ÊóæóÞøõÚö Ãóäú íóßõæäó Ðóáößó ÇáÖøõÑøõ ÚöÞóÇÈðÇ ãöäó Çááøóåö ÊóÚóÇáóì¡ æóÅöÐú ÞóÏú ßóÇäó ãóÍúßöíøðÇ Úóäú Ãõãóãò ßóËöíÑóÉò ßóÇäóÊú áóåõ ÃóÍúæóÇáñ ãõÊóÚóÏøöÏóÉñ ÈöÊóÚóÏøõÏö ãóíóÇÏöíäö ÇáäøõÝõæÓö æóÇáúÃóÍúæóÇáö.
æóÍóÇÕöáõ ãóÇ ÏóÝóÚõæÇ Èöåö ÏóáóÇáóÉó ÇáÖøóÑøóÇÁö Úóáóì ÛóÖóÈö Çááøóåö Ãóäøó ãöËúáó Ðóáößó ÞóÏú Íóáøó ÈöÂÈóÇÆöåöãõ ÇáøóÐöíäó
áóãú íóÏúÚõåõãú ÑóÓõæáñ Åöáóì ÊóæúÍöíÏö Çááøóåö¡ æóåóÐóÇ ãöäú ÎóØóÃö ÇáúÞöíóÇÓö æóÝóÓóÇÏö ÇáöÇÓúÊöÏúáóÇáö¡ æóÐóáößó ÈöÍóÕúÑö ÇáÔøóíúÁö Ðöí ÇáúÃóÓúÈóÇÈö ÇáúãõÊóÚóÏøöÏóÉö Ýöí ÓóÈóÈò æóÇÍöÏò¡ æóÇáúÛóÝúáóÉö Úóäú ßóæúäö ÇáúÃóÓúÈóÇÈö íóÎúáõÝõ ÈóÚúÖõåóÇ ÈóÚúÖðÇ¡ ãóÚó ÇáúÛóÝúáóÉö Úóäö ÇáúÝóÇÑöÞö Ýöí ÞöíóÇÓö ÍóÇáöåöãú Úóáóì ÍóÇáö ÂÈóÇÆöåöã ÈöÃóä ÂÈóÇÆöåöãú áóãú íóÃúÊöåöãú ÑõÓõáñ ãöäó Çááøóåö¡ æóÃóãøóÇ ÃóÞúæóÇãõ ÇáÑøõÓõáö ÝóÅöäøó ÇáÑøõÓõáó ÊõÍóÐøöÑõåõãõ ÇáúÛóÖóÈó æóÇáúÈóÃúÓóÇÁó æóÇáÖøóÑøóÇÁó ÝóÊóÍöíÞõ Èöåöãú¡ ÃóÝóáóÇ íóÏõáøõåõãú Ðóáößó Úóáóì Ãóäøó ãóÇ ÍóÕóáó áóåõãú åõæó ãöäú ÛóÖóÈö Çááøóåö Úóáóíúåöãú¡ Úóáóì Ãóäøó ÛóÖóÈó Çááøóåö áóíúÓó ãõäúÍóÕöÑó ÇáÊøóÑóÊøõÈö Úóáóì ãóÚúÕöíóÉö ÇáÑøóÓõæáö Èóáú íóßõæäõ ÃóíúÖðÇ Úóäö ÇáöÇäúÛöãóÇÓö Ýöí ÇáÖøóáóÇáö ÇáúãõÈöíäö¡ ãóÚó æõÖõæÍö ÃóÏöáøóÉö ÇáúåõÏóì áöáúÚõÞõæáö¡ ÝóÅöäøó ÇáúÅöÔúÑóÇßó ÖóáóÇáñ¡ æóÃóÏöáøóÉõ ÇáÊøóæúÍöíÏö æóÇÖöÍóÉñ áöáúÚõÞõæáö¡ ÝóÅöÐóÇ ÊóÃóíøóÏóÊö ÇáÏøóáóÇáóÉõ ÈöÅöÑúÓóÇáö ÇáÑøõÓõáö ÇáúãõäúÐöÑöíäó ÞóæöíóÊö ÇáÖøóáóÇáóÉõ ÈöÇÓúÊöãúÑóÇÑöåóÇ¡ æóÇäúÞöØóÇÚö ÃóÚúÐóÇÑöåóÇ¡ æóãöËúáõ åóÐóÇ ÇáúÎóØóÃö íóÚúÑöÖõ áöáäøóÇÓö ÈöÏóÇÚöí Çáúåóæóì æóÅöáúÝö ÍóÇáö ÇáÖøóáóÇáö.
æóÇáúÝóÇÁõ Ýöí Þóæúáöåö: ÝóÃóÎóÐúäÇåõãú áöáÊøóÚúÞöíÈö Úóäú Þóæúáöåö: ÚóÝóæúÇ¡ æÞÇáõæÇ¡ ÈöÇÚúÊöÈóÇÑö ßóæúäöåöãóÇ ÛóÇíóÉð áöÅöÈúÏóÇáö ÇáúÍóÓóäóÉö ãóßóÇäó ÇáÓøóíøöÆóÉö¡ æóáóÇ ÅöÔúÚóÇÑó Ýöíåö ÈöÃóäøó Þóæúáóåõãú Ðóáößó åõæó ÓóÈóÈõ ÃóÎúÐöåöãú(9/19)
æóáóæú Ãóäøó Ãóåúáó ÇáúÞõÑóì ÂãóäõæÇ æóÇÊøóÞóæúÇ áóÝóÊóÍúäóÇ Úóáóíúåöãú ÈóÑóßóÇÊò ãöäó ÇáÓøóãóÇÁö æóÇáúÃóÑúÖö æóáóßöäú ßóÐøóÈõæÇ ÝóÃóÎóÐúäóÇåõãú ÈöãóÇ ßóÇäõæÇ íóßúÓöÈõæäó (96) ÃóÝóÃóãöäó Ãóåúáõ ÇáúÞõÑóì Ãóäú íóÃúÊöíóåõãú ÈóÃúÓõäóÇ ÈóíóÇÊðÇ æóåõãú äóÇÆöãõæäó (97) ÃóæóÃóãöäó Ãóåúáõ ÇáúÞõÑóì Ãóäú íóÃúÊöíóåõãú ÈóÃúÓõäóÇ ÖõÍðì æóåõãú íóáúÚóÈõæäó (98) ÃóÝóÃóãöäõæÇ ãóßúÑó Çááøóåö ÝóáóÇ íóÃúãóäõ ãóßúÑó Çááøóåö ÅöáøóÇ ÇáúÞóæúãõ ÇáúÎóÇÓöÑõæäó (99)
ÈóÛúÊóÉð æóáóßöäøóåõ Ïóáøó Úóáóì ÅöÕúÑóÇÑöåöãú¡ Ãóíú: ÝóÍóÕóáó ÃóÎúÐõäóÇ ÅöíøóÇåõãú ÚóÞöÈó ÊóÍóÓøõäö ÍóÇáöåöãú æóÈóØóÑöåöãõ ÇáäøöÚúãóÉó.
æóÇáÊøóÚúÞöíÈõ ÚõÑúÝöíøñ ÝóíóÕúÏõÞõ ÈöÇáúãõÏøóÉö ÇáøóÊöí áóÇ ÊõÚóÏøõ ØõæáðÇ Ýöí ÇáúÚóÇÏóÉö áöÍõÕõæáö ãöËúáö åóÐöåö ÇáúÍóæóÇÏöËö ÇáúÚóÙöíãóÉö.
æóÇáúÃóÎúÐõ åõäóÇ ÈöãóÚúäóì ÇáúÅöåúáóÇßö ßóãóÇ Ýöí Þóæúáöåö ÊóÚóÇáóì: ÃóÎóÐúäÇåõãú ÈóÛúÊóÉð ÝóÅöÐÇ åõãú ãõÈúáöÓõæäó Ýöí ÓõæÑóÉö ÇáúÃóäúÚóÇãö [44] .
æóÇáúÈóÛúÊóÉõ: ÇáúÝóÌúÃóÉõ¡ æóÊóÞóÏøóãóÊú ÚöäúÏó Þóæúáöåö ÊóÚóÇáóì: ÍóÊøóì ÅöÐÇ ÌÇÁóÊúåõãõ ÇáÓøóÇÚóÉõ ÈóÛúÊóÉð [ÇáúÃóäúÚóÇã:
31] ¡ æóÝöí Þóæúáöåö: ÍóÊøóì ÅöÐÇ ÝóÑöÍõæÇ ÈöãÇ ÃõæÊõæÇ ÃóÎóÐúäÇåõãú ÈóÛúÊóÉð Ýöí ÓõæÑóÉö ÇáúÃóäúÚóÇãö [44] ¡ æóÊóÞóÏøóãó åõäóÇáößó æóÌúåõ äóÕúÈöåóÇ.
æóÌõãúáóÉ: æóåõãú áóÇ íóÔúÚõÑõæäó ÍóÇáñ ãõÄóßøöÏóÉñ áöãóÚúäì ÈóÛúÊóÉð.
[96- 99]
[ÓõæÑóÉ ÇáúÃóÚúÑóÇÝ (7) : ÇáúÂíóÇÊ 96 Åöáóì 99]
æóáóæú Ãóäøó Ãóåúáó ÇáúÞõÑì ÂãóäõæÇ æóÇÊøóÞóæúÇ áóÝóÊóÍúäÇ Úóáóíúåöãú ÈóÑóßÇÊò ãöäó ÇáÓøóãÇÁö æóÇáúÃóÑúÖö æóáßöäú ßóÐøóÈõæÇ ÝóÃóÎóÐúäÇåõãú ÈöãÇ ßÇäõæÇ íóßúÓöÈõæäó (96) ÃóÝóÃóãöäó Ãóåúáõ ÇáúÞõÑì Ãóäú íóÃúÊöíóåõãú ÈóÃúÓõäÇ ÈóíÇÊÇð æóåõãú äÇÆöãõæäó (97) ÃóæóÃóãöäó Ãóåúáõ ÇáúÞõÑì Ãóäú íóÃúÊöíóåõãú ÈóÃúÓõäÇ ÖõÍðì æóåõãú íóáúÚóÈõæäó (98) ÃóÝóÃóãöäõæÇ ãóßúÑó Çááøóåö ÝóáÇ íóÃúãóäõ ãóßúÑó Çááøóåö ÅöáÇøó ÇáúÞóæúãõ ÇáúÎÇÓöÑõæäó (99)
ÚõØöÝóÊú ÌõãúáóÉõ æóáóæú Ãóäøó Ãóåúáó ÇáúÞõÑì Úóáóì ÌõãúáóÉö: æóãÇ ÃóÑúÓóáúäÇ Ýöí ÞóÑúíóÉò ãöäú äóÈöíÁò ÅöáøóÇ ÃóÎóÐúäÇ ÃóåúáóåÇ ÈöÇáúÈóÃúÓÇÁö æóÇáÖøóÑøóÇÁö [ÇáúÃóÚúÑóÇÝ: 94] Ãóíú: ãóÇ ÃóÑúÓóáúäóÇ Ýöí ÞóÑúíóÉò äóÈöíÆðÇ ÝóßóÐøóÈóåõ ÃóåúáõåóÇ ÅöáøóÇ äóÈøóåúäóÇåõãú æóÇÓúÊóÏúÑóÌúäóÇåõãú Ëõãøó ÚóÇÞóÈúäóÇåõãú¡ æóáóæú Ãóäøó Ãóåúáó Êöáúßó ÇáúÞõÑóì ÇáúãõåúáóßóÉö ÂãóäõæÇ ÈöãóÇ ÌóÇÁóåõãú Èöåö ÑóÓõæáõåõãú æóÇÊøóÞóæúÇ ÑóÈøóåõãú áóãóÇ ÃóÕóÈúäóÇåõãú ÈöÇáúÈóÃúÓóÇÁö æóáóÃóÍúíóíúäóÇåõãú ÍóíóÇÉó ÇáúÈóÑóßóÉö¡ Ãóíú: ãóÇ Ùóáóãóåõãõ Çááøóåõ æóáóßöäøóåõãú ÙóáóãõæÇ ÃóäúÝõÓóåõãú.
æóÔóÑúØõ (áóæö) ÇáöÇãúÊöäóÇÚöíøóÉö íóÍúÕõáõ Ýöí ÇáÒøóãóäö ÇáúãóÇÖöí¡ æóáóãøóÇ ÌóÇÁóÊú ÌõãúáóÉõ ÔóÑúØöåóÇ(9/20)
ãõÞúÊóÑöäóÉð ÈöÍóÑúÝö (Ãóäøó) ÇáúãõÝöíÏö áöáÊøóÃúßöíÏö æóÇáúãóÕúÏóÑöíøóÉö¡ æóßóÇäó ÎóÈóÑõ (Ãóäøó) ÝöÚúáðÇ ãóÇÖöíðÇ ÊóæóÝøóÑó ãóÚúäóì ÇáúãõÖöíøö Ýöí ÌõãúáóÉö ÇáÔøóÑúØö. æóÇáúãóÚúäóì: áóæú ÍóÕóáó ÅöíãóÇäõåõãú ÝöíãóÇ ãóÖóì áóÝóÊóÍúäóÇ Úóáóíúåöãú ÈóÑóßóÇÊò.
æóÇáÊøóÞúæóì: åöíó ÊóÞúæóì Çááøóåö ÈöÇáúæõÞõæÝö ÚöäúÏó ÍõÏõæÏöåö æóÐóáößó ÈóÚúÏó ÇáúÅöíãóÇäö.
æóÇáÊøóÚúÑöíÝõ Ýöí ÇáúÞõÑì ÊóÚúÑöíÝõ ÇáúÚóåúÏö¡ ÝóÅöÖóÇÝóÉõ Ãóåúáõ Åöáóíúåö ÊõÝöíÏõ Úõãõæãóåõ ÈöÞóÏúÑö ãóÇ ÃõÖöíÝó åõæó Åöáóíúåö¡ æóåóÐóÇ ÊóÕúÑöíÍñ ÈöãóÇ ÃóÝúåóãóåõ ÇáúÅöíÌóÇÒõ Ýöí Þóæúáöåö: æóãÇ ÃóÑúÓóáúäÇ Ýöí ÞóÑúíóÉò ãöäú äóÈöíÁò ÅöáøóÇ ÃóÎóÐúäÇ ÃóåúáóåÇ ÈöÇáúÈóÃúÓÇÁö æóÇáÖøóÑøóÇÁö [ÇáúÃóÚúÑóÇÝ: 94] ÇáúÂíóÉó ßóãóÇ ÊóÞóÏøóãó¡ æóÊóÚúÑöíÖñ ÈöÅöäúÐóÇÑö ÇáøóÐöíäó ßÐÈõæÇ ãõÍóãøóÏðÇ Õóáøóì Çááåõ Úóáóíúåö æóÓóáøóãó ãöäú Ãóåúáö ãóßøóÉó¡ æóÊóÚúÑöíÖñ ÈöÈöÔóÇÑóÉö Ãóåúáö ÇáúÞõÑóì ÇáøóÐöíäó íõÄúãöäõæäó ßóÃóåúáö ÇáúãóÏöíäóÉö¡ æóÞóÏú ãóÖóì Ýöí ÕóÏúÑö ÊóÝúÓöíÑö åóÐöåö ÇáÓøõæÑóÉö ãóÇ íõÞóÑøöÈõ ÃóäøóåóÇ ãöäú ÂÎöÑö ãóÇ äóÒóáó ÈöãóßøóÉó¡ æóÞöíáó¡ Åöäøó ÂíóÇÊò ãöäúåóÇ äóÒóáóÊú ÈöÇáúãóÏöíäóÉö ßóãóÇ ÊóÞóÏøóãó æóÈöÐóáößó íóÙúåóÑõ ãóæúÞöÚõ ÇáÊøóÚúÑöíÖö ÈöÇáäøöÐóÇÑóÉö æóÇáúÈöÔóÇÑóÉö áöáúÝóÑöíÞóíúäö ãöäú Ãóåúáö ÇáúÞõÑóì¡ æóÞóÏú ÃóÎóÐó Çááøóåõ Ãóåúáó ãóßøóÉó ÈóÚúÏó ÎõÑõæÌö ÇáúãõÄúãöäöíäó ãöäúåóÇ ÝóÃóÕóÇÈóåõãú ÈöÓóÈúÚö Óöäöíäó ãöäó ÇáúÞóÍúØö¡ æóÈóÇÑóßó áöÃóåúáö ÇáúãóÏöíäóÉö æóÃóÛúäóÇåõãú æóÕóÑóÝó Úóäúåõãõ ÇáúÍõãøóì Åöáóì ÇáúÌõÍúÝóÉö¡ æóÇáúÌõÍúÝóÉõ íóæúãóÆöÐò ÈöáóÇÏõ ÔöÑúßò.
æóÇáúÝóÊúÍõ: ÅöÒóÇáóÉõ ÍóÌúÒö ÔóíúÁò ÍóÇÌöÒò Úóäö ÇáÏøõÎõæáö Åöáóì ãóßóÇäò¡ íõÞóÇáõ: ÝóÊóÍó ÇáúÈóÇÈó æóÝóÊóÍó ÇáúÈóíúÊó¡ æóÊóÚúÏöíóÊõåõ Åöáóì ÇáúÈóíúÊö Úóáóì ØóÑöíÞóÉö ÇáÊøóæóÓøõÚö¡ æóÃóÕúáõåõ ÝóÊúÍñ áöáúÈóíúÊö¡ æóßóÐóáößó Þóæúáõåõ åõäóÇ:
áóÝóÊóÍúäÇ Úóáóíúåöãú ÈóÑóßÇÊò æóÞóæúáõåõ: ãóÇ íóÝúÊóÍö Çááøóåõ áöáäøóÇÓö ãöäú ÑóÍúãóÉò ÝóáÇ ãõãúÓößó áóåÇ [ÝÇØÑ: 2] ¡ æóíõÞóÇáõ: ÝóÊóÍó ßõæøóÉð¡ Ãóíú: ÌóÚóáóåóÇ ÝóÊúÍóÉð¡ æóÇáúÝóÊúÍõ åõäóÇ ÇÓúÊöÚóÇÑóÉñ áöáÊøóãúßöíäö¡ ßóãóÇ ÊóÞóÏøóãó Ýöí Þóæúáöåö ÊóÚóÇáóì: ÝóáóãøóÇ äóÓõæÇ ãóÇ ÐõßøöÑõæÇ Èöåö ÝóÊóÍúäÇ Úóáóíúåöãú ÃóÈúæÇÈó ßõáøö ÔóíúÁò Ýöí ÓõæÑóÉö ÇáúÃóäúÚóÇãö [44] .
æóÊóÚúÏöíóÉõ ÝöÚúáö ÇáúÝóÊúÍö Åöáóì ÇáúÈóÑóßóÇÊö åõäóÇ ÇÓúÊöÚóÇÑóÉñ ãóßúäöíøóÉñ ÈöÊóÔúÈöíåö ÇáúÈóÑóßóÇÊö ÈöÇáúÈõíõæÊö Ýöí ÇáöÇäúÊöÝóÇÚö ÈöãóÇ ÊóÍúÊóæöíåö¡ ÝóåõäóÇ ÇÓúÊöÚóÇÑóÊóÇäö ãóßúäöíøóÉñ æóÊóÈóÚöíøóÉñ¡ æóÞóÑóÃó ÇÈúäõ ÚóÇãöÑò: áóÝóÊóÍúäÇ- ÈöÊóÔúÏöíÏö ÇáÊøóÇÁö- æóåõæó íõÝöíÏõ ÇáúãõÈóÇáöÛóÉó.
æóÇáúÈóÑóßóÇÊõ: ÌóãúÚõ ÈóÑóßóÉò¡ æóÇáúãóÞúÕõæÏõ ãöäó ÇáúÌóãúÚö ÊóÚóÏøõÏõåóÇ¡ ÈöÇÚúÊöÈóÇÑö ÊóÚóÏøõÏö ÃóÕúäóÇÝö ÇáúÃóÔúíóÇÁö ÇáúãõÈóÇÑóßóÉö. æóÊóÞóÏøóãó ÊóÝúÓöíÑõ ÇáúÈóÑóßóÉö ÚöäúÏó Þóæúáöåö ÊóÚóÇáóì: æóåÐÇ ßöÊÇÈñ ÃóäúÒóáúäÇåõ ãõÈÇÑóßñ Ýöí ÓõæÑóÉö ÇáúÃóäúÚóÇãö [92] . æóÊóÞóÏøóãó ÃóíúÖðÇ Ýöí Þóæúáöåö ÊóÚóÇáóì: Åöäøó Ãóæøóáó ÈóíúÊò æõÖöÚó áöáäøóÇÓö áóáøóÐöí ÈöÈóßøóÉó ãõÈÇÑóßÇð(9/21)
Ýöí ÓõæÑóÉö Âáö ÚöãúÑóÇäó [96] . æóÊóÞóÏøóãó ÃóíúÖðÇ Ýöí Þóæúáöåö ÊóÚóÇáóì: ÊóÈÇÑóßó Çááøóåõ ÑóÈøõ ÇáúÚÇáóãöíäó Ýöí åóÐöåö ÇáÓøõæÑóÉö [54] ¡ æóÌöãóÇÚõ ãóÚúäóÇåóÇ åõæó ÇáúÎóíúÑõ ÇáÕøóÇáöÍõ ÇáøóÐöí áóÇ ÊóÈöÚóÉó Úóáóíúåö Ýöí ÇáúÂÎöÑóÉö Ýóåõæó ÃóÍúÓóäõ ÃóÍúæóÇáö ÇáäøöÚúãóÉö¡ æóáöÐóáößó ÚóÈøóÑó Ýöí ÌóÇäöÈö ÇáúãóÛúÖõæÈö Úóáóíúåöãõ ÇáúãõÓúÊóÏúÑóÌöíäó ÈöáóÝúÙö ÇáúÍóÓóäóÉó ÈöÕöíÛóÉö ÇáúÅöÝúÑóÇÏö Ýöí Þóæúáöåö: ãóßÇäó ÇáÓøóíøöÆóÉö ÇáúÍóÓóäóÉó æóÝöí ÌóÇäöÈö ÇáúãõÄúãöäöíäó ÈÇáÈÑßÇÊ ãóÌúãõæÚóÉ [ÇáúÃóÚúÑóÇÝ: 95] .
æóÞóæúáõåõ: ãöäó ÇáÓøóãÇÁö æóÇáúÃóÑúÖö ãõÑóÇÏñ Èöåö ÍóÞöíÞóÊõåõ¡ áöÃóäøó ãóÇ íóäóÇáõåõ ÇáäøóÇÓõ ãöäó ÇáúÎóíúÑóÇÊö ÇáÏøõäúíóæöíøóÉö áóÇ íóÚúÏõæ Ãóäú íóßõæäó äóÇÔöÆðÇ ãöäó ÇáúÃóÑúÖö¡ æóÐóáößó ãõÚúÙóãõ ÇáúãóäóÇÝöÚö¡ Ãóæú ãöäó ÇáÓøóãóÇÁö ãöËúáó ãóÇÁö ÇáúãóØóÑö æóÔõÚóÇÚö ÇáÔøóãúÓö æóÖóæúÁö ÇáúÞóãóÑö æóÇáäøõÌõæãö æóÇáúåóæóÇÁö æóÇáÑøöíóÇÍö ÇáÕøóÇáöÍóÉö.
æóÞóæúáõåõ: æóáßöäú ßóÐøóÈõæÇ ÇÓúÊöËúäóÇÁñ áöäóÞöíÖö ÔóÑúØö (áóæú) ÝóÅöäøó ÇáÊøóßúÐöíÈó åõæó ÚóÏóãõ ÇáúÅöíãóÇäö Ýóåõæó ÞöíóÇÓñ ÇÓúÊöËúäóÇÆöíøñ.
æóÌõãúáóÉõ: ÝóÃóÎóÐúäÇåõãú ãõÊóÓóÈøöÈóÉñ Úóáóì ÌõãúáóÉö: æóáßöäú ßóÐøóÈõæÇ æóåõæó ãöËúáõ äóÊöíÌóÉö ÇáúÞöíóÇÓö¡ áöÃóäøóåõ ãõÓóÇæöí äóÞöíÖö ÇáÊøóÇáöí¡ áöÃóäøó ÃóÎúÐóåõãú ÈöãóÇ ßóÓóÈõæÇ Ýöíåö ÚóÏóãõ ÝóÊúÍö ÇáúÈóÑóßóÇÊö Úóáóíúåöãú.
æóÊóÞóÏøóãó ãóÚúäóì ÇáúÃóÎúÐö ÂäöÝðÇ Ýöí Þóæúáöåö ÊóÚóÇáóì: ÝóÃóÎóÐúäÇåõãú ÈóÛúÊóÉð [ÇáúÃóÚúÑóÇÝ: 95] ¡ æóÇáúãõÑóÇÏõ Èöåö ÃóÎúÐõ ÇáöÇÓúÊöÆúÕóÇáö.
æóÇáúÈóÇÁõ áöáÓøóÈóÈöíøóÉö Ãóíú ÈöÓóÈóÈö ãóÇ ßóÓóÈõæåõ ãöäó ÇáúßõÝúÑö æóÇáúÚöÕúíóÇäö.
(æóÇáúÝóÇÁõ) Ýöí Þóæúáöåö: ÃóÝóÃóãöäó Ãóåúáõ ÇáúÞõÑì ÚóÇØöÝóÉñ ÃóÝóÇÏóÊö ÇáÊøóÑóÊøõÈó ÇáÐøößúÑöíøó¡ ÝóÅöäøóåõ áóãøóÇ ÐóßóÑó ãöäú ÃóÍúæóÇáö ÌóãöíÚöåöãú ãóÇ åõæó ãóËóÇÑõ ÇáÊøóÚúÌöíÈö ãöäú ÍóÇáöåöãú ÃóÚúÞóÈóåõ ÈöãóÇ íóÏõáøõ Úóáóíúåö ãóÚúØõæÝðÇ ÈöÝóÇÁö ÇáÊøóÑóÊøõÈö. æóãóÍóáøõ ÇáÊøóÚúÌöíÈö åõæó ÊóæóÇØõÄõåõãú Úóáóì åóÐóÇ ÇáúÛõÑõæÑö¡ Ãóíú íóÊóÑóÊøóÈõ Úóáóì ÍößóÇíóÉö ÊóßúÐöíÈöåöãú æóÃóÎúÐöåöãõ ÇÓúÊöÝúåóÇãõ ÇáÊøóÚúÌöíÈö ãöäú ÛõÑõæÑöåöãú æóÃóãúäöåöãú ÛóÖóÈó ÇáúÞóÇÏöÑö ÇáúÚóáöíãö.
æóÞóÏú ÊóÞóÏøóãó ÇáúßóáóÇãõ Úóáóì ãöËúáö åóÐóÇ ÇáÊøóÑúßöíÈö ÚöäúÏó Þóæúáöåö ÊóÚóÇáóì: ÃóÝóßõáøóãÇ ÌÇÁóßõãú ÑóÓõæáñ Ýöí ÓõæÑóÉö ÇáúÈóÞóÑóÉö [87] .
æóÌöíÁó ÈöÞóæúáöåö: íóÃúÊöíóåõãú ÈöÕöíÛóÉö ÇáúãõÖóÇÑöÚö áöÃóäøó ÇáúãõÑóÇÏó ÍößóÇíóÉõ Ãóãúäöåöãõ ÇáøóÐöí ãóÖóì ãöäú ÅöÊúíóÇäö ÈóÃúÓö Çááøóåö Ýöí ãõÓúÊóÞúÈóáö Ðóáößó ÇáúæóÞúÊö.(9/22)
æóÞóæúáõåõ: ÃóæóÃóãöäó Ãóåúáõ ÇáúÞõÑì Ãóäú íóÃúÊöíóåõãú ÈóÃúÓõäÇ ÖõÍðì æóåõãú íóáúÚóÈõæäó ÞóÑóÃóåõ äóÇÝöÚñ¡ æóÇÈúäõ ßóËöíÑò¡ æóÇÈúäõ ÚóÇãöÑò¡ æóÃóÈõæ ÌóÚúÝóÑò- ÈöÓößõæäö ÇáúæóÇæö- Úóáóì Ãóäøóåõ ÚóØúÝñ ÈöÍóÑúÝö (Ãóæú) ÇáøóÐöí åõæó áöÃóÍóÏö ÇáÔøóíúÆóíúäö ÚóØúÝðÇ Úóáóì ÇáÊøóÚúÌöíÈö¡ Ãóíú: åõæó ÊóÚúÌöíÈñ ãöäú ÃóÍóÏö ÇáúÍóÇáóíúäö. æóÞóÑóÃóåõ ÇáúÈóÇÞõæäó- ÈöÝóÊúÍö ÇáúæóÇæö- Úóáóì Ãóäøóåõ ÚóØúÝñ ÈöÇáúæóÇæö ãõÞóÏøóãóÉñ Úóáóíúåö åóãúÒóÉõ ÇáöÇÓúÊöÝúåóÇãö¡ Ýóåõæó ÚóØúÝõ ÇÓúÊöÝúåóÇãò ËóÇäò ÈöÇáúæóÇæö ÇáúãõÝöíÏóÉö áöáúÌóãúÚö¡ Ýóíóßõæäõ ßöáóÇ ÇáöÇÓúÊöÝúåóÇãóíúäö ãóÏúÎõæáðÇ áöÝóÇÁö ÇáÊøóÚúÞöíÈö¡ Úóáóì Þóæúáö ÌõãúåõæÑö ÇáäøõÍóÇÉö¡ æóÃóãøóÇ Úóáóì ÑóÃúíö ÇáÒøóãóÎúÔóÑöíøö ÝóíóÊóÚóíøóäõ Ãóäú Êóßõæäó ÇáúæóÇæõ áöáÊøóÞúÓöíãö¡ Ãóíú ÊóÞúÓöíãö ÇáöÇÓúÊöÝúåóÇãö Åöáóì ÇÓúÊöÝúåóÇãóíúäö¡ æóÊóÞóÏøóãó ÐößúÑõ ÇáÑøóÃúíóíúäö ÚöäúÏó Þóæúáöåö ÊóÚóÇáóì: ÃóÝóßõáøóãÇ ÌÇÁóßõãú ÑóÓõæáñ Ýöí ÓõæÑóÉö ÇáúÈóÞóÑóÉö [87] .
æÈóíÇÊÇð ÊóÞóÏøóãó ãóÚúäóÇåõ æóæóÌúåõ äóÕúÈöåö ÚöäúÏó Þóæúáöåö ÊóÚóÇáóì: æóßóãú ãöäú ÞóÑúíóÉò ÃóåúáóßúäÇåÇ ÝóÌÇÁóåÇ ÈóÃúÓõäÇ ÈóíÇÊÇð Ýöí Ãóæøóáö åóÐöåö ÇáÓøõæÑóÉö [4] .
æóÇáÖøõÍóì ÈöÇáÖøóãøö ãóÚó ÇáúÞóÕúÑö åõæó Ýöí ÇáúÃóÕúáö ÇÓúãñ áöÖóæúÁö ÇáÔøóãúÓö ÅöÐóÇ ÃóÔúÑóÞó æóÇÑúÊóÝóÚó¡ æóÝóÓøóÑóåõ ÇáúÝõÞóåóÇÁõ ÈöÃóäú ÊóÑúÊóÝöÚó ÇáÔøóãúÓõ ÞöíÏó ÑõãúÍò¡ æóíõÑóÇÏöÝõåõ ÇáÖøóÍúæóÉõ æóÇáÖøóÍúæõ.
æóÇáÖøõÍóì íõÐóßøóÑõ æóíõÄóäøóËõ¡ æóÔóÇÚó ÇáÊøóæúÞöíÊõ Èöåö ÚöäúÏó ÇáúÚóÑóÈö æóãóäú ÞóÈúáóåõãú¡ ÞóÇáó ÊóÚóÇáóì ÍößóÇíóÉð Úóäú ãõæÓóì: ÞÇáó ãóæúÚöÏõßõãú íóæúãõ ÇáÒøöíäóÉö æóÃóäú íõÍúÔóÑó ÇáäøóÇÓõ ÖõÍðì [Øå: 59] .
æóÊóÞúíöíÏõ ÇáÊøóÚúÌöíÈö ãöäú Ãóãúäöåöãú ãóÌöíÁó ÇáúÈóÃúÓö¡ ÈöæóÞúÊöíö ÇáúÈóíóÇÊö æóÇáÖøõÍóì¡ ãöäú Èóíúäö ÓóÇÆöÑö ÇáúÃóæúÞóÇÊö¡ æóÈöÍóÇáóíö Çáäøóæúãö æóÇááøóÚöÈö¡ ãöäú Èóíúäö ÓóÇÆöÑö ÇáúÃóÍúæóÇáö¡ áöÃóäøó ÇáúæóÞúÊóíúäö ÃóÌúÏóÑõ ÈöÃóäú íõÍúÐóÑó Íõáõæáõ ÇáúÚóÐóÇÈö ÝöíåöãóÇ¡ áöÃóäøóåõãóÇ æóÞúÊóÇäö áöáÏøóÚóÉö¡ ÝóÇáúÈóíóÇÊõ áöáäøóæúãö ÈóÚúÏó ÇáúÝóÑóÇÛö ãöäó ÇáÔøõÛúáö. æóÇáÖøõÍóì áöáøóÚöÈö ÞóÈúáó ÇÓúÊöÞúÈóÇáö ÇáÔøõÛúáö¡ ÝóßóÇäó ÔóÃúäõ Ãõæáöí Çáäøõåóì ÇáúãõÚúÑöÖöíäó Úóäú ÏóÚúæóÉö ÑõÓõáö Çááøóåö Ãóäú áóÇ íóÃúãóäõæÇ ÚóÐóÇÈóåõ¡ ÈöÎóÇÕøóÉò Ýöí åóÐóíúäö ÇáúæóÞúÊóíúäö æóÇáúÍóÇáóíúäö.
æóÝöí åóÐóÇ ÇáÊøóÚúÌöíÈö ÊóÚúÑöíÖñ ÈöÇáúãõÔúÑößöíäó ÇáãßÐÈíä ááäÈíÁ Õóáøóì Çááåõ Úóáóíúåö æóÓóáøóãó Ãóäú íóÍõáøó Èöåöãú ãóÇ Íóáøó ÈöÇáúÃõãóãö ÇáúãóÇÖöíóÉö¡ ÝóßóÇäó ÐößúÑõ æóÞúÊö ÇáúÈóíóÇÊö¡ æóæóÞúÊö ÇááøóÚöÈö¡ ÃóÔóÏøó ãõäóÇÓóÈóÉð ÈöÇáúãóÚúäóì ÇáÊøóÚúÑöíÖöíøö¡.
ÊóåúÏöíÏðÇ áóåõãú ÈöÃóäú íõÕöíÈóåõãõ ÇáúÚóÐóÇÈõ ÈöÃóÝúÙóÚö ÃóÍúæóÇáöåö¡ ÅöÐú íóßõæäõ Íõáõæáõåõ Èöåöãú Ýöí ÓóÇÚóÉö ÏóÚóÊöåöãú æóÓóÇÚóÉö áóåúæöåöãú äößóÇíóÉð Èöåöãú.
æóÞóæúáõåõ: ÃóÝóÃóãöäõæÇ ãóßúÑó Çááøóåö ÊóßúÑöíÑñ áöÞóæúáöåö: ÃóÝóÃóãöäó Ãóåúáõ ÇáúÞõÑì ÞõÕöÏó ãöäúåõ ÊóÞúÑöíÑõ ÇáÊøóÚúÌöíÈö ãöäú ÛóÝúáóÊöåöãú¡ æóÊóÞúÑöíÑõ ãóÚúäóì ÇáÊøóÚúÑöíÖö ÈöÇáÓøóÇãöÚöíäó ãöäó ÇáúãõÔúÑößöíäó¡ ãóÚó ÒöíóÇÏóÉö(9/23)
ÇáÊøóÐúßöíÑö ÈöÃóäøó ãóÇ Íóáøó ÈöÃõæáóÆößó ãöäú ÚóÐóÇÈö Çááøóåö íõãóÇËöáõ åóíúÆóÉó ãóßúÑö ÇáúãóÇßöÑö ÈöÇáúãóãúßõæÑö ÝóáóÇ íóÍúÓóÈõæÇ ÇáúÅöãúåóÇáó ÅöÚúÑóÇÖðÇ
Úóäúåõãú¡ æóáúíóÍúÐóÑõæÇ Ãóäú íóßõæäó Ðóáößó ßóÝöÚúáö ÇáúãóÇßöÑö ÈöÚóÏõæøöåö.
æóÇáúãóßúÑõ ÍóÞöíÞóÊõåð: ÝöÚúáñ íõÞúÕóÏõ Èöåö ÖõÑøõ ÃóÍóÏò Ýöí åóíúÆóÉò ÊóÎúÝóì Ãóæú åóíúÆóÉò íóÍúÓóÈõåóÇ ãóäúÝóÚóÉð. æóåõæó åõäóÇ ÇÓúÊöÚóÇÑóÉñ áöáúÅöãúåóÇáö æóÇáúÅöäúÚóÇãö Ýöí ÍóÇáö ÇáÅäÚÇã Ýöí ÍóÇá ÇáúÅöãúåóÇáö¡ Ýóåöíó ÊóãúËöíáöíøóÉñ¡ ÔóÈøóåó ÍóÇáó ÇáúÃóäúÚóÇãö ãóÚó ÇáúÅöãúåóÇáö æóÊóÚúÞöíÈóåõ ÈöÇáöÇäúÊöÞóÇãö ÈöÍóÇáö ÇáúãóßúÑö¡ æóÊóÞóÏøóãó Ýöí ÓõæÑóÉö Âáö ÚöãúÑóÇäó [54] ÚöäúÏó Þóæúáöåö: æóãóßóÑõæÇ æóãóßóÑó Çááøóåõ æóÇááøóåõ ÎóíúÑõ ÇáúãÇßöÑöíäó.
æóÞóæúáõåõ: ÝóáÇ íóÃúãóäõ ãóßúÑó Çááøóåö ÅöáøóÇ ÇáúÞóæúãõ ÇáúÎÇÓöÑõæäó ãõÊóÑóÊøöÈñ æóãõÊóÝóÑøöÚñ Úóäö ÇáÊøóÚúÌöíÈö Ýöí Þóæúáöåö: ÃóÝóÃóãöäõæÇ ãóßúÑó Çááøóåö áöÃóäøó ÇáúãóÞúÕõæÏó ãöäúåõ ÊóÝúÑöíÚõ Ãóäøó Ãóåúáó ÇáúÞõÑóì ÇáúãóÐúßõæÑöíäó ÎóÇÓöÑõæäó áöËõÈõæÊö Ãóäøóåõãú ÃóãöäõæÇ ãóßúÑó Çááøóåö¡ æóÇáÊøóÞúÏöíÑõ: ÃóÝóÃóãöäõæÇ ãóßúÑó Çááøóåö Ýóåõãú Þóæúãñ ÎóÇÓöÑõæäó.
æóÅöäøóãóÇ ÕöíÛó åóÐóÇ ÇáÊøóÝúÑöíÚõ ÈöÕöíÛóÉò ÊóÚõãøõ ÇáúãõÎúÈóÑó Úóäúåõãú æóÛóíúÑóåõãú áöíóÌúÑöíó ãóÌúÑóì ÇáúãóËóáö æóíóÕöíÑó ÊóÐúíöíáðÇ áöáúßóáóÇãö¡ æóíóÏúÎõáó Ýöíåö ÇáúãõÚóÑøóÖó Èöåöãú Ýöí åóÐöåö ÇáúãóæúÚöÙóÉö æóåõãõ ÇáúãõÔúÑößõæäó ÇáúÍóÇÖöÑõæäó¡ æóÇáÊøóÞúÏöíÑõ: Ýóåõãú Þóæúãñ ÎóÇÓöÑõæäó¡ ÅöÐú áóÇ íóÃúãóäõ ãóßúÑó Çááøóåö ÅöáøóÇ ÇáúÞóæúãõ ÇáúÎóÇÓöÑõæäó.
æóÇáúÎõÓúÑóÇäõ- åõäóÇ- åõæó ÅöÖóÇÚóÉõ ãóÇ Ýöíåö äóÝúÚõåõãú ÈöÓõæÁö ÇÚúÊöÞóÇÏöåöãú¡ ÔóÈøóåó Ðóáößó ÈöÇáúÎõÓúÑóÇäö æóåõæó ÅöÖóÇÚóÉõ ÇáÊøóÇÌöÑö ÑóÃúÓó ãóÇáöåö ÈöÓõæÁö ÊóÕóÑøõÝöåö¡ áöÃóäøóåõãú ÈöÇØúãöÆúäóÇäöåöãú Åöáóì ÇáÓøóáóÇãóÉö ÇáúÍóÇÖöÑóÉö¡ æóÅöÚúÑóÇÖöåöãú Úóäö ÇáÊøóÝóßøõÑö ÝöíãóÇ íóÚúÞõÈõåóÇ ãöäó ÇáúÃóÎúÐö ÇáÔøóÈöíåö ÈöÝöÚúáö ÇáúãóÇßöÑö ÞóÏú ÎóÓöÑõæÇ ÇáöÇäúÊöÝóÇÚó ÈöÚõÞõæáöåöãú æóÎóÓöÑõæÇ ÃóäúÝõÓóåõãú.
æóÊóÞóÏøóãó Þóæúáõåõ ÊóÚóÇáóì: ÇáøóÐöíäó ÎóÓöÑõæÇ ÃóäúÝõÓóåõãú Ýöí ÓõæÑóÉö ÇáúÃóäúÚóÇãö [12] ¡ æóÞóæúáõåõ:
ÝóÃõæáÆößó ÇáøóÐöíäó ÎóÓöÑõæÇ ÃóäúÝõÓóåõãú Ýöí Ãóæøóáö ÇáÓøõæÑóÉö [9] .
æóÊóÞóÏøóãó Ãóäøó ÅöØúáóÇÞó ÇáúãóßúÑö Úóáóì ÃóÎúÐö Çááøóåö ãõÓúÊóÍöÞøöí ÇáúÚöÞóÇÈö ÈóÚúÏó ÅöãúåóÇáöåöãú: Ãóäøó Ðóáößó ÊóãúËöíáñ ÚöäúÏó Þóæúáöåö ÊóÚóÇáóì: æóãóßóÑõæÇ æóãóßóÑó Çááøóåõ æóÇááøóåõ ÎóíúÑõ ÇáúãÇßöÑöíäó Ýöí ÓõæÑóÉö Âáö ÚöãúÑóÇäó [54] .
æóÇÚúáóãú Ãóäøó ÇáúãõÑóÇÏó ÈöÃóãúäö ãóßúÑö Çááøóåö Ýöí åóÐöåö ÇáúÂíóÉö åõæó ÇáúÃóãúäõ ÇáøóÐöí ãöäú äóæúÚö Ãóãúäö Ãóåúáö ÇáúÞõÑóì ÇáúãõßóÐøöÈöíäó¡ ÇáøóÐöí ÇÈúÊõÏöÆó ÇáúÍóÏöíËõ Úóäúåõ ãöäú Þóæúáöåö: æóãÇ ÃóÑúÓóáúäÇ Ýöí ÞóÑúíóÉò ãöäú äóÈöíÁò ÅöáøóÇ ÃóÎóÐúäÇ ÃóåúáóåÇ ÈöÇáúÈóÃúÓÇÁö æóÇáÖøóÑøóÇÁö áóÚóáøóåõãú íóÖøóÑøóÚõæäó [ÇáúÃóÚúÑóÇÝ: 94] Ëõãøó Þóæúáöåö: ÃóÝóÃóãöäó Ãóåúáõ ÇáúÞõÑì Ãóäú íóÃúÊöíóåõãú ÈóÃúÓõäÇ ÈóíÇÊÇð ÇáúÂíóÇÊö¡ æóåõæó ÇáúÃóãúäõ ÇáäøóÇÔöÆõ Úóäú ÊóßúÐöíÈö ÎÈÑ ÇáÑøóÓõæá- Õóáøóì Çááåõ Úóáóíúåö æóÓóáøóãó -¡ æóÚóäö ÇáúÛõÑõæÑö ÈöÃóäøó Ïöíäó ÇáÔøöÑúßö åõæó ÇáúÍóÞøõ Ýóåõæó Ãóãúäñ(9/24)
äóÇÔöÆñ Úóäú ßõÝúÑò¡ æóÇáúãóÃúãõæäõ ãöäúåõ åõæó æóÚöíÏõ ÇáÑøõÓõáö ÅöíøóÇåõãú æóãóÇ ÃõØúáöÞó Úóáóíúåö Ãóäøóåõ ãóßúÑõ Çááøóåö.
æóãöäó ÇáúÃóãúäö ãöäú ÚóÐóÇÈö Çááøóåö ÃóÕúäóÇÝñ ÃõÎúÑóì ÊõÛóÇíöÑõ åóÐóÇ ÇáúÃóãúäó¡ æóÊóÊóÞóÇÑóÈõ ãöäúåõ¡ æóÊóÊóÈóÇÚóÏõ¡
ÈöÍóÓóÈö ÇÎúÊöáóÇÝö ÖóãóÇÆöÑö ÇáäøóÇÓö æóãóÈóÇáöÛö äöíøóÇÊöåöãú¡ ÝóÃóãøóÇ ãóÇ ßóÇäó ãöäúåóÇ ãõÓúÊóäöÏðÇ áöÏóáöíáò ÔóÑúÚöíøò ÝóáóÇ ÊóÈöÚóÉó Úóáóì ÕóÇÍöÈöåö¡ æóÐóáößó ãöËúáõ Ãóãúäö ÇáúãõÓúáöãöíäó ãöäú ÃóãúËóÇáö ÚóÐóÇÈö ÇáúÃõãóãö ÇáúãóÇÖöíóÉö ÇáúãõÓúÊóäöÏö Åöáóì Þóæúáöåö ÊóÚóÇáóì: æóãÇ ßÇäó Çááøóåõ ãõÚóÐøöÈóåõãú æóåõãú íóÓúÊóÛúÝöÑõæäó [ÇáúÃóäúÝóÇá: 33] ¡ æóÅöáóì Þóæá ÇáäÈíÁ Õóáøóì Çááåõ Úóáóíúåö æóÓóáøóãó áóãøóÇ äóÒóáó Þóæúáõåõ ÊóÚóÇáóì: Þõáú åõæó ÇáúÞÇÏöÑõ Úóáì Ãóäú íóÈúÚóËó Úóáóíúßõãú ÚóÐÇÈÇð ãöäú ÝóæúÞößõãú-
ÝóÞóÇáó ÇáäøóÈöíÁõ- Úóáóíúåö ÇáÕøóáóÇÉõ æóÇáÓøóáóÇãõ: ÃóÚõæÐõ ÈöÓõÈõÍóÇÊö æóÌúåößö ÇáúßóÑöíãö- Ãóæú ãöäú ÊóÍúÊö ÃóÑúÌõáößõãú- ÝóÞóÇáó:
ÃóÚõæÐõ ÈöÓõÈõÍóÇÊö æóÌúåößö ÇáúßóÑöíãö Ãóæú íóáúÈöÓóßõãú ÔöíóÚÇð [ÇáúÃóäúÚóÇã: 65] ÇáúÂíóÉó- ÝóÞóÇáó: åóÐöåö Ãóåúæóäõ»
ßóãóÇ ÊóÞóÏøóãó Ýöí ÊóÝúÓöíÑöåóÇ Ýöí ÓõæÑóÉö ÇáúÃóäúÚóÇãö æóãöËúáõ¡ Ãóãúäö Ãóåúáö ÈóÏúÑò ãöäú ÚóÐóÇÈö ÇáúÂÎöÑóÉö
áÞóæúá ÇáäÈíÁ Õóáøóì Çááåõ Úóáóíúåö æóÓóáøóãó: «ãóÇ íõÏúÑöíßó áóÚóáøó Çááøóåó ÇØøóáóÚó Úóáóì Ãóåúáö ÈóÏúÑò ÝóÞóÇáó: «ÇÚúãóáõæÇ ãóÇ ÔöÆúÊõãú ÝóÞóÏú ÛóÝóÑúÊõ áóßõãú»
Ýöí ÞöÕøóÉö ÍóÇØöÈö Èúäö ÃóÈöí ÈóáúÊóÚóÉó.
æóãöËúáõ ÅöÎúÈóÇÑ ÇáäÈíÁ Õóáøóì Çááåõ Úóáóíúåö æóÓóáøóãó ÚóÈúÏó Çááøóåö Èúäó ÓóáóÇãò Ãóäøóåõ áóÇ íóÒóÇáõ ÂÎöÐðÇ ÈöÇáúÚõÑúæóÉö ÇáúæõËúÞóì¡ æóãöËúáõ ÇáúÃóäúÈöíóÇÁö ÝóÅöäøóåõãú Âãöäõæäó ãöäú ãóßúÑö Çááøóåö ÈöÅöÎúÈóÇÑö Çááøóåö ÅöíøóÇåõãú ÈöÐóáößó¡ æóÃóæúáöíóÇÁõ Çááøóåö ßóÐóáößó¡ ÞóÇáó ÊóÚóÇáóì:
ÃóáÇ Åöäøó ÃóæúáöíÇÁó Çááøóåö áóÇ ÎóæúÝñ Úóáóíúåöãú æóáÇ åõãú íóÍúÒóäõæäó ÇáøóÐöíäó ÂãóäõæÇ æóßÇäõæÇ íóÊøóÞõæäó [íõæäõÓ: 62¡ 63] Ýóãöäó ÇáúÚóÌöíÈö ãóÇ ÐóßóÑóåõ ÇáúÎóÝóÇÌöíøõ Ãóäøó ÇáúÍóäóÝöíøóÉó ÞóÇáõæÇ: ÇáúÃóãúäõ ãöäú ãóßúÑö Çááøóåö ßõÝúÑñ áöÞóæúáöåö ÊóÚóÇáóì:
ÝóáÇ íóÃúãóäõ ãóßúÑó Çááøóåö ÅöáøóÇ ÇáúÞóæúãõ ÇáúÎÇÓöÑõæäó.
æóÇáúÃóãúäõ ãõÌúãóáñ æóãóßúÑõ Çááøóåö ÊóãúËöíáñ æóÇáúÎõÓúÑóÇäõ ãõÔóßøóßõ ÇáúÍóÞöíÞóÉö. æóÞóÇáó ÇáúÎóÝóÇÌöíøõ: ÇáúÃóãúäõ ãöäú ãóßúÑö Çááøóåö ßóÈöíÑóÉñ ÚöäúÏó ÇáÔøóÇÝöÚöíøóÉö¡ æóåõæó ÇáöÇÓúÊöÑúÓóÇáõ Úóáóì ÇáúãóÚóÇÕöí ÇÊøößóÇáðÇ Úóáóì ÚóÝúæö Çááøóåö æóÐóáößó ãöãøóÇ äóÓóÈóåõ ÇáÒøóÑúßóÔöíøõ Ýöí «ÔóÑúÍö ÌóãúÚö ÇáúÌóæóÇãöÚö» Åöáóì æóáöíøö ÇáÏøöíäö¡
æóÑóæóì ÇáúÈóÒøóÇÑõ æóÇÈúäõ ÃóÈöí ÍóÇÊöãò Úóäö ÇÈúäö ÚóÈøóÇÓò: «Ãóä ÇáäÈíÁ Õóáøóì Çááåõ Úóáóíúåö æóÓóáøóãó ÓõÆöáó: ãóÇ ÇáúßóÈóÇÆöÑõ ÝóÞóÇáó: ÇáÔøöÑúßõ ÈöÇááøóåö æóÇáúíóÃúÓõ ãöäú ÑóæúÍö Çááøóåö æóÇáúÃóãúäõ ãöäú ãóßúÑö Çááøóåö»
¡ æóáóãú ÃóÞöÝú Úóáóì ãóÈúáóÛö åóÐóÇ ÇáúÍóÏöíËö ãöäó ÇáÕøöÍøóÉö¡ æóÞóÏú ÐóßóÑúäóÇ ÛóíúÑó ãóÑøóÉò Ãóäøó ãóÇ íóÃúÊöí Ýöí ÇáúÞõÑúÂäö ãöäó ÇáúæóÚöíÏö áöÃóåúáö ÇáúßõÝúÑö Úóáóì ÃóÚúãóÇáò áóåõãú ãõÑóÇÏñ ãöäúåõ ÃóíúÖðÇ ÊóÍúÐöíÑõ ÇáúãõÓúáöãöíäó ãöãøóÇ íõÔúÈöåõ Êöáúßó ÇáúÃóÚúãóÇáó ÈöÞóÏúÑö ÇÞÊÑÇÈ ÔÈåå.(9/25)
Ãóæóáóãú íóåúÏö áöáøóÐöíäó íóÑöËõæäó ÇáúÃóÑúÖó ãöäú ÈóÚúÏö ÃóåúáöåóÇ Ãóäú áóæú äóÔóÇÁõ ÃóÕóÈúäóÇåõãú ÈöÐõäõæÈöåöãú æóäóØúÈóÚõ Úóáóì ÞõáõæÈöåöãú Ýóåõãú áóÇ íóÓúãóÚõæäó (100)
[ÓõæÑóÉ ÇáúÃóÚúÑóÇÝ (7) : ÂíóÉ 100]
Ãóæóáóãú íóåúÏö áöáøóÐöíäó íóÑöËõæäó ÇáúÃóÑúÖó ãöäú ÈóÚúÏö ÃóåúáöåÇ Ãóäú áóæú äóÔÇÁõ ÃóÕóÈúäÇåõãú ÈöÐõäõæÈöåöãú æóäóØúÈóÚõ Úóáì ÞõáõæÈöåöãú Ýóåõãú áóÇ íóÓúãóÚõæäó (100)
ÚõØöÝóÊú Úóáóì ÌõãúáóÉö: ÃóÝóÃóãöäó Ãóåúáõ ÇáúÞõÑì [ÇáúÃóÚúÑóÇÝ: 97] áöÇÔúÊöÑóÇßö ãóÖúãõæäö ÇáúÌõãúáóÊóíúäö Ýöí ÇáöÇÓúÊöÝúåóÇãö ÇáÊøóÚúÌöíÈöíøö¡ ÝóÇäúÊóÞóáó Úóäö ÇáÊøóÚúÌöíÈö ãöäú ÍóÇáö ÇáøóÐöíäó ãóÖóæúÇ Åöáóì ÇáÊøóÚúÌöíÈö ãöäú ÍóÇáö ÇáúÃõãøóÉö ÇáúÍóÇÖöÑóÉö¡ æóåöíó ÇáúÃõãøóÉõ ÇáúÚóÑóÈöíøóÉõ ÇáøóÐöíäó æóÑöËõæÇ ÏöíóÇÑó ÇáúÃõãóãö ÇáúãóÇÖöíóÉö ÝóÓóßóäõæåóÇ: ãöËúáõ Ãóåúáö
äóÌúÑóÇäó¡ æóÃóåúáö Çáúíóãóäö¡ æóãóäú ÓóßóäõæÇ ÏöíóÇÑó ËóãõæÏó ãöËúáõ Èóáöíøò¡ æóßóÚúÈò¡ æóÇáÖøóÌóÇÛöãö¡ æóÈóåúÑóÇÁó¡ æóãóäú ÓóßóäõæÇ ÏöíóÇÑó ãóÏúíóäó ãöËúáõ ÌõåóíúäóÉó¡ æóÌóÑúãò¡ æóßóÐóáößó ãóäú ÕóÇÑõæÇ ÞóÈóÇÆöáó ÚóÙöíãóÉð ÝóäóÇáõæÇ ÇáÓøöíóÇÏóÉó Úóáóì ÇáúÞóÈóÇÆöáö: ãËá ÞõÑóíúÔ¡ æØí¡ æóÊóãöíãò¡ æóåõÐóíúáò. ÝóÇáúãóæúÕõæáõ ÈöãóäúÒöáóÉö áóÇãö ÇáÊøóÚúÑöíÝö ÇáúÚóåúÏöíøö¡ æóÞóÏú íõÞúÕóÏõ ÈöÇáøóÐöíäó íóÑöËõæäó ÇáúÃóÑúÖó ßõáøõ ÃõãøóÉò ÎóáóÝóÊú ÃõãøóÉð ÞóÈúáóåóÇ¡ ÝóíóÔúãóáõ ÚóÇÏðÇ æóËóãõæÏðÇ¡ ÝóÞóÏú ÞóÇáó áößõáøò äóÈöíøõåõãú æóÇÐúßõÑõæÇ ÅöÐú ÌóÚóáóßõãú ÎõáóÝÇÁó [ÇáúÃóÚúÑóÇÝ: 74] ÅöáóÎú æóáóßöäøó ÇáúãõÔúÑößöíäó ãöäó ÇáúÚóÑóÈö íóæúãóÆöÐò ãóÞúÕõæÏõæäó Ýöí åóÐóÇ ÇÈúÊöÏóÇÁð. ÝóÇáúãóæúÕõæáõ ÈöãóäúÒöáóÉö áóÇãö ÇáúÌöäúÓö.
æóÇáöÇÓúÊöÝúåóÇãõ Ýöí Þóæúáöåö: Ãóæóáóãú íóåúÏö ãõÓúÊóÚúãóáñ Ýöí ÇáÊøóÚúÌöíÈö. ãöËúáõ ÇáøóÐöí Ýöí Þóæúáöåö:
ÃóÝóÃóãöäó Ãóåúáõ ÇáúÞõÑì [ÇáúÃóÚúÑóÇÝ: 97] ÊóÚúÌöíÈðÇ ãöäú ÔöÏøóÉö ÖóáóÇáóÊöåöãú ÅöÐú ÚõÏöãõæÇ ÇáöÇåúÊöÏóÇÁó æóÇáöÇÊøöÚóÇÙó ÈöÍóÇáö ãóäú ÞóÈúáóåõãú ãöäó ÇáúÃõãóãö¡ æóäóÓõæÇ Ãóäøó Çááøóåó ÞóÇÏöÑñ Úóáóì ÇÓúÊöÆúÕóÇáöåöãú ÅöÐóÇ ÔóÇÁóåõ.
æóÇáÊøóÚúÑöíÝõ Ýöí ÇáúÃóÑúÖö ÊóÚúÑöíÝõ ÇáúÌöäúÓö¡ Ãóíú íóÑöËõæäó Ãóíøó ÃóÑúÖò ßóÇäóÊú ãóäóÇÒöáó áöÞóæúãò ÞóÈúáóåõãú¡ æóåóÐóÇ ÅöØúáóÇÞñ ÔóÇÆöÚñ Ýöí ßóáóÇãö ÇáúÚóÑóÈö¡ íóÞõæáõæäó åóÐöåö ÃóÑúÖõ ØóíøöÁò¡ æóÝöí ÍóÏöíËö ÇáúÌöäóÇÒóÉö «ãöäú Ãóåúáö ÇáúÃóÑúÖö» Ãóíú ãöäó ÇáÓøõßøóÇäö ÇáúÞóÇØöäöíäó ÈöÃóÑúÖöåöãú áóÇ ãöäó ÇáúãõÓúáöãöíäó ÇáúÝóÇÊöÍöíäó ÝóÇáúÃóÑúÖõ ÈöåóÐóÇ ÇáúãóÚúäóì ÇÓúãõ ÌöäúÓò ÕóÇÏöÞñ Úóáóì ÔóÇÆöÚò ãõÊóÚóÏøöÏò¡ ÝóÊóÚúÑöíÝõåõ ÊóÚúÑöíÝõ ÇáúÌöäúÓö¡ æóÈöåóÐóÇ ÇáúÅöØúáóÇÞö ÌõãöÚóÊú Úóáóì ÃóÑÖíä¡ ÝóÇáúãóÚúäì: Ãóæ áã íóåúÏö áöáøóÐöíäó íóÑöËõæäó ÃóÑúÖðÇ ãöäú ÈóÚúÏö ÃóåúáöåóÇ.
æóÇáúÅöÑúËõ: ãóÕöíÑõ ãóÇáö ÇáúãóíøöÊö Åöáóì ãóäú åõæó Ãóæúáóì Èöåö¡ æóíõØúáóÞõ ãóÌóÇÒðÇ Úóáóì ãõãóÇËóáóÉö ÇáúÍóíøö ãóíøöÊðÇ Ýöí ÕöÝóÇÊò ßóÇäóÊú áóåõ¡ ãä ÚÒøà æÓíÇÏÉ¡ ßóãóÇ ÝõÓøöÑó Èöåö Þóæúáõåõ ÊóÚóÇáóì ÍößóÇíóÉ Úóä ÒóßóÑöíøóÇÁ ÝóåóÈú áöí ãöäú áóÏõäúßó æóáöíøðÇ íóÑöËõäöí [ãóÑúíóã: 5¡ 6] Ãóíú íóÎúáõÝõäöí Ýöí ÇáäøõÈõæÁóÉö¡ æóÞóÏú íõØúáóÞõ Úóáóì ÇáúÞóÏúÑö(9/26)
ÇáúãõÔúÊóÑóßö Èóíúäó ÇáúãóÚúäóíóíúäö¡ æóåõæó ãõØúáóÞõ ÎöáóÇÝóÉö ÇáúãõäúÞóÑöÖö. æóåõæó åõäóÇ ãõÍúÊóãöáñ áöáúÅöØúáóÇÞóíúäö¡ áöÃóäøóåõ Åöäú ÃõÑöíÏó ÈöÇáúßóáóÇãö Ãóåúáõ ãóßøóÉó ÝóÇáúÅöÑúËõ ÈöãóÚúäóÇåõ ÇáúãóÌóÇÒöíøö¡ æóÅöäú ÃõÑöíÏó Ãóåúáõ ãóßøóÉó æóÇáúÞóÈóÇÆöáõ ÇáøóÊöí ÓóßóäóÊú ÈöáóÇÏó ÇáúÃõãóãö ÇáúãóÇÖöíóÉö Ýóåõæó ãõÓúÊóÚúãóáñ Ýöí ÇáúÞóÏúÑö ÇáúãõÔúÊóÑóßö¡ æóåõæó ßóÞóæúáöåö ÊóÚóÇáóì: Ãóäøó ÇáúÃóÑúÖó íóÑöËõåÇ ÚöÈÇÏöíó ÇáÕøóÇáöÍõæäó [ÇáúÃóäúÈöíóÇÁ: 105] æóÃóíøðÇ ãóÇ ßóÇäó ÝóÞóíúÏõ ãöäú ÈóÚúÏö ÃóåúáöåÇ ÊóÃúßöíÏñ áöãóÚúäóì íóÑöËõæäó¡ íõÑóÇÏõ ãöäúåõ ÊóÐúßöíÑõ ÇáÓøóÇãöÚöíäó ÈöãóÇ ßóÇäó Ýöíåö Ãóåúáõ ÇáúÃóÑúÖö ÇáúãóæúÑõæËóÉö ãöäú ÈõÍúÈõæÍóÉö ÇáúÚóíúÔö¡ Ëõãøó ãóÇ ÕóÇÑõæÇ Åöáóíúåö ãöäó ÇáúåóáóÇßö ÇáÔøóÇãöáö ÇáúÚóÇÌöáö¡ ÊóÕúæöíÑðÇ áöáúãóæúÚöÙóÉö ÈöÃóÚúÙóãö ÕõæÑóÉò Ýóåõæó ßóÞóæúáöåö ÊóÚóÇáóì:
æóíóÓúÊóÎúáöÝóßõãú Ýöí ÇáúÃóÑúÖö ÝóíóäúÙõÑó ßóíúÝó ÊóÚúãóáõæäó [ÇáúÃóÚúÑóÇÝ: 129] .
æóãóÚúäóì áóãú íóåúÏö áóãú íõÑúÔöÏú æóíõÈóíøöäú áóåõãú¡ ÝóÇáúåöÏóÇíóÉõ ÃóÕúáõåóÇ ÊóÈúíöíäõ ÇáØøóÑöíÞö áöáÓøóÇÆöÑö¡ æóÇÔúÊõåöÑó ÇÓúÊöÚúãóÇáõåõãú Ýöí ãõØúáóÞö ÇáúÅöÑúÔóÇÏö: ãóÌóÇÒðÇ Ãóæö ÇÓúÊöÚóÇÑóÉð ßóÞóæúáöåö ÊóÚóÇáóì: ÇåúÏöäóÇ ÇáÕøöÑÇØó ÇáúãõÓúÊóÞöíãó [ÇáúÝóÇÊöÍóÉ: 6] . æóÊóÞóÏøóãó Ãóäøó ÝöÚúáóåóÇ íóÊóÚóÏøóì Åöáóì ãóÝúÚõæáóíúäö¡ æóÃóäøóåõ íóÊóÚóÏøóì Åöáóì ÇáúÃóæøóáö ãöäúåõãóÇ ÈöäóÝúÓöåö æóÅöáóì
ÇáËøóÇäöí ÊóÇÑóÉð ÈöäóÝúÓöåö æóÃõÎúÑóì ÈöÇáúÍóÑúÝö: ÇááøóÇãö Ãóæú (Åöáóì) ¡ ÝóáöÐóáößó ßóÇäóÊú ÊóÚúÏöíóÊõåõ Åöáóì ÇáúãóÝúÚõæáö ÇáúÃóæøóáö ÈöÇááøóÇãö Ýöí åóÐöåö ÇáúÂíóÉö ÅöãøóÇ áöÊóÖúãöíäöåö ãóÚúäóì íõÈóíøöäõ¡ æóÅöãøóÇ áöÊóÞúæöíóÉö ÊóÚóáøõÞö ãóÚúäóì ÇáúÝöÚúáö ÈöÇáúãóÝúÚõæáö ßóãóÇ Ýöí Þóæúáöåöãú: ÔóßóÑúÊõ áóåõ¡ æóÞóæúáöåö ÊóÚóÇáóì: ÝóåóÈú áöí ãöäú áóÏõäúßó æóáöíøðÇ [ãóÑúíóã: 5] ¡ æóãöËúáö Þóæúáöåö ÊóÚóÇáóì: ÃóÝóáóãú íóåúÏö áóåõãú ßóãú ÃóåúáóßúäÇ ÞóÈúáóåõãú ãöäó ÇáúÞõÑõæäö íóãúÔõæäó Ýöí ãóÓÇßöäöåöãú Ýöí ÓõæÑóÉö Øå [128] .
æÃóäú ãõÎóÝøóÝóÉñ ãöäú (Ãóäøó) æóÇÓúãõåóÇ ÖóãöíÑõ ÇáÔøóÃúäö¡ æóÌõãúáóÉõ áóæú äóÔÇÁõ ÎóÈóÑõåóÇ. æóáóãøóÇ ßóÇäóÊú (Ãóäøó) - ÇáúãóÝúÊõæÍóÉõ ÇáúåóãúÒóÉö- ãöäó ÇáúÍõÑõæÝö ÇáøóÊöí ÊõÝöíÏõ ÇáúãóÕúÏóÑöíøóÉó Úóáóì ÇáÊøóÍúÞöíÞö áöÃóäøóåóÇ ãõÑóßøóÈóÉñ ãöäú (Åöäøö) ÇáúãóßúÓõæÑóÉö ÇáúãõÔóÏøóÏóÉö¡ æóãöäú (Ãóäøó) ÇáúãóÝúÊõæÍóÉö ÇáúãõÎóÝøóÝóÉö ÇáúãóÕúÏóÑöíøóÉö áöÐóáößó ÚõÏøóÊú Ýöí ÇáúãóæúÕõæáóÇÊö ÇáúÍóÑúÝöíøóÉö æóßóÇäó ãóÇ ÈóÚúÏóåóÇ ãõÄóæøóáðÇ ÈöãóÕúÏóÑò ãõäúÓóÈößò ãöäú áóÝúÙö ÎóÈóÑöåóÇ Åöäú ßóÇäó ãõÝúÑóÏðÇ ãõÔúÊóÞøðÇ¡ Ãóæú ãöäó Çáúßóæúäö Åöäú ßóÇäó ÎóÈóÑõåóÇ ÌõãúáóÉð¡ ÝóãóæúÞöÚõ Ãóäú áóæú äóÔÇÁõ ÃóÕóÈúäÇåõãú ãóæúÞöÚõ ÝóÇÚöáö íóåúÏö¡ æóÇáúãÚúäóì: Ãóæ áã íõÈóíøóäú áöáøóÐöíäó íóÎúáõÝõæäó Ýöí ÇáúÃóÑúÖö ÈóÚúÏó ÃóåúáöåóÇ ßóæúäõ ÇáÔøóÃúäö Çáúãõåöãøö æóåõæó áóæú äóÔóÇÁõ ÃóÕóÈúäóÇåõãú ÈöÐõäõæÈöåöãú ßóãóÇ ÃóÕóÈúäóÇ ãóäú ÞóÈúáóåõãú.
æóåóÄõáóÇÁö åõãõ ÇáøóÐöíäó ÃóÔúÑóßõæÇ ÈöÇááøóåö æßÐÈæÇ ãõÍóãøóÏðÇ Õóáøóì Çááåõ Úóáóíúåö æóÓóáøóãó.
æóÇáúÅöÕóÇÈóÉõ: äóæóÇáõ ÇáÔøóíúÁö ÇáúãóØúáõæÈö ÈöÊóãóßøõäò Ýöíåö. ÝóÇáúãóÚúäóì: Ãóäú äóÃúÎõÐóåõãú ÃóÎúÐðÇ áóÇ íõÝúáöÊõæäó ãöäúåõ. æóÇáúÈóÇÁõ Ýöí ÈöÐõäõæÈöåöãú áöáÓøóÈóÈöíøóÉö¡ æóáóíúÓóÊú áöÊóÚúÏöíóÉö ÝöÚúáö ÃóÕóÈúäÇåõãú.(9/27)
æóÌõãúáóÉõ: Ãóäú áóæú äóÔÇÁõ ÃóÕóÈúäÇåõãú ÈöÐõäõæÈöåöãú æóÇÞöÚóÉñ ãóæúÞöÚó ãõÝúÑóÏò¡ åõæó ÝóÇÚá íóåúÏö¡ Ý (Åöä) ãõÎóÝøóÝóÉñ ãöäó ÇáËøóÞöíáóÉö æóåöíó ãöäú ÍõÑõæÝö ÇáÊøóÃúßöíÏö æóÇáúãóÕúÏóÑöíøóÉö æóÇÓúãõåóÇ Ýöí ÍóÇáóÉö ÇáÊøóÎúÝöíÝö¡ ÖóãöíÑõ ÔóÃúäò ãõÞóÏøóÑñ¡ æóÌõãúáóÉõ ÔóÑúØö (áóæú) æóÌóæóÇÈöåö ÎóÈóÑõ (Ãóäú) .
æó (áóæú) ÍóÑúÝõ ÔóÑúØò íõÝöíÏõ ÊóÚúáöíÞó ÇãúÊöäóÇÚö ÍõÕõæáö ÌóæóÇÈöåö áöÃóÌúáö ÇãúÊöäóÇÚö ÍõÕõæáö ÔóÑúØöåö: Ýöí ÇáúãóÇÖöí¡ Ãóæú Ýöí ÇáúãõÓúÊóÞúÈóáö¡ æóÅöÐú ÞóÏú ßóÇäó ÝöÚúáõ ÇáÔøóÑúØö åõäóÇ ãõÖóÇÑöÚðÇ ßóÇäó Ýöí ãóÚúäóì ÇáúãóÇÖöí¡ ÅöÐú áóÇ íóÌõæÒõ ÇÎúÊöáóÇÝõ Òóãóäóíú ÝöÚúáóíö ÇáÔøóÑúØö æóÇáúÌóæóÇÈö¡ æóÅöäøóãóÇ íõÎóÇáóÝõ ÈóíúäóåõãóÇ Ýöí ÇáÕøõæÑóÉö áöãõÌóÑøóÏö ÇáÊøóÝóäøõäö ßóÑóÇåöíóÉó ÊóßúÑöíÑö ÇáÕøõæÑóÉö ÇáúæóÇÍöÏóÉö¡ ÝóÊóÞúÏöíÑõ Þóæúáöåö: áóæú äóÔÇÁõ ÃóÕóÈúäÇåõãú ÇäúÊóÝóì ÃóÎúÐõäóÇ ÅöíøóÇåõãú Ýöí ÇáúãóÇÖöí ÈöÐõäõæÈö ÊóßúÐöíÈöåöãú¡ áöÃóÌúáö ÇäúÊöÝóÇÁö ãóÔöíÆóÊöäóÇ Ðóáößó áöÍößúãóÉö ÅöãúåóÇáöåöãú áóÇ áößóæúäöåöãú ÃóÚóÒøó ãöäó ÇáúÃõãóãö ÇáúÈóÇÆöÏóÉö Ãóæú ÃóÝúÖóáó ÍóÇáðÇ ãöäúåõãú¡ ßóãóÇ ÞóÇáó ÊóÚóÇáóì: ÝóíóäúÙõÑõæÇ ßóíúÝó ßÇäó ÚÇÞöÈóÉõ ÇáøóÐöíäó ßÇäõæÇ ãöäú ÞóÈúáöåöãú ßÇäõæÇ åõãú ÃóÔóÏøó ãöäúåõãú ÞõæøóÉð æóÂËÇÑÇð Ýöí ÇáúÃóÑúÖö ÝóÃóÎóÐóåõãõ Çááøóåõ ÈöÐõäõæÈöåöãú [ÛóÇÝöÑ: 21] ÇáúÂíóÉó¡ æóÝöí åóÐóÇ ÊóåúÏöíÏñ ÈöÃóäøó Çááøóåó ÞóÏú íõÕöíÈõåõãú ÈöÐõäõæÈöåöãú Ýöí ÇáúãõÓúÊóÞúÈóáö¡ ÅöÐú áóÇ íóÕõÏøõåõ Úóäú Ðóáößó ÛóÇáöÈñ¡ æóÇáúãóÚúäóì: ÃóÛóÑøóåõãú ÊóÃóÎøõÑõ ÇáúÚóÐóÇÈö ãóÚó ÊóßúÐöíÈöåöãú ÝóÍóÓöÈõæÇ ÃóäúÝõÓóåõãú Ýöí ãóäóÚóÉò ãöäúåõ¡ æóáóãú
íóåúÊóÏõæÇ Åöáóì Ãóäøó ÇäúÊöÝóÇÁó äõÒõæáöåö Èöåöãú ãõÚóáøóÞñ Úóáóì ÇäúÊöÝóÇÁö ãóÔöíÆóÊöäóÇ æõÞõæÚå áÍßãÉ¡ ÝóãóÇ Èóíúäóåõãú æóÈóíúäó ÇáúÚóÐóÇÈö ÅöáøóÇ Ãóäú äóÔóÇÁó ÃóÎúÐóåõãú¡ æóÇáúãóÕúÏóÑõ ÇáøóÐöí ÊõÝöíÏõåõ (Ãóäú) ÇáúãõÎóÝøóÝóÉõ¡ ÅöÐóÇ ßóÇäó ÇÓúãõåóÇ ÖóãöíÑó ÔóÃúäò¡ íõÞóÏøöÑõ ËõÈõæÊðÇ ãõÊóÕóíøóÏðÇ ãöãøóÇ Ýöí (Ãóäú) æóÎóÈóÑöåóÇ ãöäó ÇáäøöÓúÈóÉö ÇáúãõÄóßøóÏóÉö¡ æóåõæó ÝóÇÚöáõ íóåúÏö ÝóÇáÊøóÞúÏöíÑõ Ýöí ÇáúÂíóÉ: Ãóæ áã íóåúÏö áöáøóÐöíäó íóÑöËõæäó ÇáúÃóÑúÖó ãöäú ÈóÚúÏö ÃóåúáöåóÇ ËõÈõæÊõ åóÐóÇ ÇáúÎóÈóÑö Çáúãõåöãøö æóåõæó áóæú äóÔÇÁõ ÃóÕóÈúäÇåõãú ÈöÐõäõæÈöåöãú.
æóÇáúãóÚúäóì: ÃóÚóÌöÈõæÇ ßóíúÝó áóãú íóåúÊóÏõæÇ Åöáóì Ãóäøó ÊóÃúÎöíÑó ÇáúÚóÐóÇÈö Úóäúåõãú åõæó ÈöãóÍúÖö ãóÔöíÆóÊöäóÇ æóÃóäøóåõ íÍöÞ Úóáóíúåöã ÚöäúÏ ãóÇ äóÔóÇÄõåõ.
æóÌõãúáóÉõ: æóäóØúÈóÚõ Úóáì ÞõáõæÈöåöãú áóíúÓóÊú ãóÚúØõæÝóÉð Úóáóì ÌõãúáóÉö: ÃóÕóÈúäÇåõãú ÍóÊøóì Êóßõæäó Ýöí Íõßúãö ÌóæóÇÈö (áóæú) áöÃóäøó åóÐóÇ íõÝúÓöÏõ ÇáúãóÚúäóì¡ ÝóÅöäøó åóÄõáóÇÁö ÇáøóÐöíäó æóÑöËõæÇ ÇáúÃóÑúÖó ãöäú ÈóÚúÏö ÃóåúáöåóÇ ÞóÏú ØõÈöÚó Úóáóì ÞõáõæÈöåöãú ÝóáöÐóáößó áóãú ÊõÌúÏö Ýöíåöãú ÏóÚúæóÉ ãõÍóãøóÏ Õóáøóì Çááåõ Úóáóíúåö æóÓóáøóãó ãõäúÐõ ÈõÚöËó Åöáóì Òóãóäö äõÒõæáö åóÐöåö ÇáÓøõæÑóÉö¡ Ýóáóæú ßóÇäó ÌóæóÇÈðÇ áö (áóæú) áóÕóÇÑó ÇáØøóÈúÚõ Úóáóì ÞõáõæÈöåöãú(9/28)
Êöáúßó ÇáúÞõÑóì äóÞõÕøõ Úóáóíúßó ãöäú ÃóäúÈóÇÆöåóÇ æóáóÞóÏú ÌóÇÁóÊúåõãú ÑõÓõáõåõãú ÈöÇáúÈóíøöäóÇÊö ÝóãóÇ ßóÇäõæÇ áöíõÄúãöäõæÇ ÈöãóÇ ßóÐøóÈõæÇ ãöäú ÞóÈúáõ ßóÐóáößó íóØúÈóÚõ Çááøóåõ Úóáóì ÞõáõæÈö ÇáúßóÇÝöÑöíäó (101) æóãóÇ æóÌóÏúäóÇ áöÃóßúËóÑöåöãú ãöäú ÚóåúÏò æóÅöäú æóÌóÏúäóÇ ÃóßúËóÑóåõãú áóÝóÇÓöÞöíäó (102)
ãõãúÊóäöÚðÇ æóåóÐóÇ ÝóÇÓöÏñ¡ ÝóÊóÚóíøóäó: ÅöãøóÇ Ãóäú Êóßõæäó ÌõãúáóÉõ æóäóØúÈóÚõ ãóÚúØõæÝóÉð Úóáóì ÌõãúáóÉö ÇáöÇÓúÊöÝúåóÇãö ÈöÑõãøóÊöåóÇ ÝóáóåóÇ ÍõßúãõåóÇ ãöäó ÇáúÚóØúÝö Úóáóì ÃóÎúÈóÇÑö ÇáúÃõãóãö ÇáúãóÇÖöíóÉö æóÇáúÍóÇÖöÑóÉö.
æóÇáÊøóÞúÏöíÑõ: æóØóÈóÚúäóÇ Úóáóì ÞõáõæÈöåöãú¡ æóáóßöäøóåõ ÕöíÛó ÈöÕöíÛóÉö ÇáúãõÖóÇÑöÚö áöáÏøóáóÇáóÉö Úóáóì ÇÓúÊöãúÑóÇÑö åóÐóÇ ÇáØøóÈúÚö æóÇÒúÏöíóÇÏöåö ÂäðÇ ÝóÂäðÇ¡ æóÅöãøóÇ Ãóäú ÊóÌúÚóáó (ÇáúæóÇæó) áöáöÇÓúÊöÆúäóÇÝö æóÇáúÌõãúáóÉó ãõÓúÊóÃúäóÝóÉð¡ Ãóíú: æóäóÍúäõ äóØúÈóÚõ Úóáóì ÞõáõæÈöåöãú Ýöí ÇáúãõÓúÊóÞúÈóáö ßóãóÇ ØóÈóÚúäóÇ ÚóáóíúåóÇ Ýöí ÇáúãóÇÖöí¡ æóíõÚúÑóÝõ ÇáØøóÈúÚõ ÚóáóíúåóÇ Ýöí ÇáúãóÇÖöí ÈöÃóÎúÈóÇÑò ÃõÎúÑóì ßóÞóæúáöåö ÊóÚóÇáóì: Åöäøó ÇáøóÐöíäó ßóÝóÑõæÇ ÓóæÇÁñ Úóáóíúåöãú [ÇáúÈóÞóÑóÉ: 6] ÇáúÂíóÉó¡ ÝóÊóßõæäõ ÇáúÌõãúáóÉõ ÊóÐúíöíáðÇ áöÊóäúåöíóÉö ÇáúÞöÕøóÉö¡ æóáóßöäú ãóæúÞöÚõ ÇáúæóÇæö Ýöí Ãóæøóáö ÇáúÌõãúáóÉö íõÑóÌøöÍõ ÇáúæóÌúåó ÇáúÃóæøóáó¡ æóßóÃóäøó ÕóÇÍöÈó «ÇáúãöÝúÊóÇÍö» íóÃúÈóì ÇÚúÊöÈóÇÑó ÇáöÇÓúÊöÆúäóÇÝö ãöäú ãóÚóÇäöí ÇáúæóÇæö.
æóÌõãúáóÉõ: Ýóåõãú áóÇ íóÓúãóÚõæäó ãóÚúØõæÝóÉñ ÈöÇáúÝóÇÁö Úóáóì äóØúÈóÚõ ãõÊóÝóÑøöÚðÇ Úóáóíúåö¡ æóÇáúãõÑóÇÏõ ÈöÇáÓøóãóÇÚö Ýóåúãõ ãóÛúÒóì ÇáúãóÓúãõæÚóÇÊö áóÇ ÇÓúÊößóÇßõ ÇáúÂÐóÇäö¡ ÈöÞóÑöíäóÉö Þóæúáöåö: æóäóØúÈóÚõ Úóáì ÞõáõæÈöåöãú.
æóÊóÞóÏøóãó ãóÚúäóì ÇáØøóÈúÚö ÚöäúÏó Þóæúáöåö ÊóÚóÇáóì: Èóáú ØóÈóÚó Çááøóåõ ÚóáóíúåÇ ÈößõÝúÑöåöãú Ýöí ÓõæÑóÉ ÇáäøöÓóÇÁ [155] .
[101¡ 102]
[ÓõæÑóÉ ÇáúÃóÚúÑóÇÝ (7) : ÇáúÂíóÇÊ 101 Åöáóì 102]
Êöáúßó ÇáúÞõÑì äóÞõÕøõ Úóáóíúßó ãöäú ÃóäúÈÇÆöåÇ æóáóÞóÏú ÌÇÁóÊúåõãú ÑõÓõáõåõãú ÈöÇáúÈóíøöäÇÊö ÝóãÇ ßÇäõæÇ áöíõÄúãöäõæÇ ÈöãÇ ßóÐøóÈõæÇ ãöäú ÞóÈúáõ ßóÐáößó íóØúÈóÚõ Çááøóåõ Úóáì ÞõáõæÈö ÇáúßÇÝöÑöíäó (101) æóãÇ æóÌóÏúäÇ áöÃóßúËóÑöåöãú ãöäú ÚóåúÏò æóÅöäú æóÌóÏúäÇ ÃóßúËóÑóåõãú áóÝÇÓöÞöíäó (102)
áóãøóÇ ÊóßóÑøóÑó ÐößúÑõ ÇáúÞõÑóì ÇáøóÊöí ßóÐøóÈó ÃóåúáõåóÇ ÑõÓõáó Çááøóåö ÈöÇáÊøóÚúíöíäö æóÈöÇáÊøóÚúãöíãö¡ ÕóÇÑóÊú áöáÓøóÇãöÚöíäó
ßóÇáúÍóÇÖöÑóÉö ÇáúãõÔóÇåóÏóÉö ÇáÕøóÇáöÍóÉö áöÃóäú íõÔóÇÑó ÅöáóíúåóÇ¡ ÝóÌóÇÁó ÇÓúãõ ÇáúÅöÔóÇÑóÉö áöÒöíóÇÏóÉö ÅöÍúÖóÇÑöåóÇ Ýöí ÃóÐúåóÇäö ÇáÓøóÇãöÚöíäó ãöäú Þæã ãõÍóãøóÏ Õóáøóì Çááåõ Úóáóíúåö æóÓóáøóãó¡ áöíóÚúÊóÈöÑõæÇ ÍóÇáóåõãú ÈöÍóÇáö Ãóåúáö ÇáúÞõÑóì¡ ÝóíóÑóæúÇ Ãóäøóåõãú ÓóæóÇÁñ ÝóíóÝöíÆõæÇ Åöáóì ÇáúÍóÞøö.
æóÌõãúáóÉõ: Êöáúßó ÇáúÞõÑì ãõÓúÊóÃúäóÝóÉñ ÇÓúÊöÆúäóÇÝó ÇáúÝóÐúáóßóÉö áöãóÇ ÞóÈúáóåóÇ ãöäó ÇáúÞóÕóÕö ãöäú Þóæúáöåö:
áóÞóÏú ÃóÑúÓóáúäÇ äõæÍÇð Åöáì Þóæúãöåö [ÇáúÃóÚúÑóÇÝ: 59] Ëõãøó Þóæúáöåö ÊóÚóÇáóì: æóãÇ ÃóÑúÓóáúäÇ Ýöí ÞóÑúíóÉò ãöäú äÈíÁ [ÇáúÃóÚúÑóÇÝ: 94] ÇáúÂíóÉó.
æÇáúÞõÑì íóÌõæÒõ Ãóäú íóßõæäó ÎóÈóÑðÇ Úóäö ÇÓúãö ÇáúÅöÔóÇÑóÉö áöÃóäøó ÇÓúÊöÍúÖóÇÑó ÇáúÞõÑóì Ýöí(9/29)
ÇáÐøöåúäö ÈöÍóíúËõ ÕóÇÑóÊú ßóÇáúãõÔóÇåóÏö áöáÓøóÇãöÚö¡ ÝóßóÇäóÊö ÇáúÅöÔóÇÑóÉõ ÅöáóíúåóÇ ÅöÔóÇÑóÉó ÚöÈúÑóÉò ÈöÍóÇáöåóÇ¡ æóÐóáößó ãõÝöíÏñ áöáúãóÞúÕõæÏö ãöäó ÇáúÅöÎúÈóÇÑö ÚóäúåóÇ ÈöÇÓúãöåóÇ áöãóäú áóÇ íóÌúåóáõ ÇáúÎóÈóÑó ßóÞóæúáöåö ÊóÚóÇáóì: åóÐóÇ ãóÇ ßóäóÒúÊõãú áöÃóäúÝõÓößõãú [ÇáÊøóæúÈóÉ: 35] Ãóíú åóÐóÇ ÇáøóÐöí ÊõÔóÇåöÏõæäóåõ Êõßúæóæúäó Èöåö åõæó ßóäúÒõßõãú¡ æóåõãú ÞóÏú ÚóáöãõæÇ Ãóäøóåõ ßóäúÒõåõãú¡ æóÅöäøóãóÇ ÃõÑöíÏó ãöäó ÇáúÅöÎúÈóÇÑö ÈöÃóäøóåõ ßóäúÒõåõãú ÅöÙúåóÇÑõ ÎóØóÃö ÝöÚúáöåöãú¡ æóíóÌõæÒõ Ãóäú íóßõæäó ÇáúÞõÑóì ÈóíóÇäðÇ áöÇÓúãö ÇáúÅöÔóÇÑóÉö.
æóÌõãúáóÉõ: äóÞõÕøõ Úóáóíúßó ãöäú ÃóäúÈÇÆöåÇ ÅöãøóÇ ÍóÇáñ ãöäó ÇáúÞõÑì Úóáóì ÇáúæóÌúåö ÇáúÃóæøóáö.
æóÝóÇÆöÏóÉõ åóÐöåö ÇáúÍóÇáö ÇáöÇãúÊöäóÇäõ ÈöÐößúÑö ÞóÕóÕöåóÇ¡ æóÇáöÇÓúÊöÏúáóÇáõ Úóáóì äÈæÁÉ ãõÍóãøóÏ Õóáøóì Çááåõ Úóáóíúåö æóÓóáøóãó¡ ÅöÐú Úóáøóãóåõ Çááøóåõ ãöäú Úöáúãö ÇáúÃóæøóáöíäó ãóÇ áóãú íóÓúÈöÞú áóåõ Úöáúãõåõ¡ æóÇáúæóÚúÏõ ÈöÇáÒøöíóÇÏóÉö ãöäú Ðóáößó¡ áöãóÇ Ïóáøó Úóáóíúåö Þóæúáõåõ: äóÞõÕøõ ãöäó ÇáÊøóÌóÏøõÏö æóÇáöÇÓúÊöãúÑóÇÑö¡ æóÇáÊøóÚúÑöíÖõ ÈöÇáúãõÚúÑöÖöíäó Úóäö ÇáöÇÊøöÚóÇÙö ÈöÃóÎúÈóÇÑöåóÇ.
æóÅöãøóÇ ÎóÈóÑñ Úóäö ÇÓúãö ÇáúÅöÔóÇÑóÉö Úóáóì ÇáúæóÌúåö ÇáËøóÇäöí Ýöí ãóÍúãöáö Þóæúáöåö: ÇáúÞõÑì.
æó (ãöäú) ÊóÈúÚöíÖöíøóÉñ áöÃóäøó áóåóÇ ÃóäúÈóÇÁð ÛóíúÑó ãóÇ ÐõßöÑó åõäóÇ ãöãøóÇ ÐõßöÑó ÈóÚúÖõåõ Ýöí ÂíóÇÊò ÃõÎúÑóì æóØõæöíó ÐößúÑõ ÈóÚúÖöåö áöÚóÏóãö ÇáúÍóÇÌóÉö Åöáóíúåö Ýöí ÇáÊøóÈúáöíÛö.
æóÇáúÃóäúÈóÇÁõ: ÇáúÃóÎúÈóÇÑõ¡ æóÞóÏú ÊóÞóÏøóãó Ýöí Þóæúáöåö ÊóÚóÇáóì: æóáóÞóÏú ÌÇÁóßó ãöäú äóÈóÅö ÇáúãõÑúÓóáöíäó Ýöí ÓõæÑóÉö ÇáúÃóäúÚóÇãö [34] .
æóÇáúãõÑóÇÏõ ÈöÇáúÞõÑóì æóÖóãöíÑö ÃóäúÈóÇÆöåóÇ: ÃóåúáõåóÇ¡ ßóãóÇ Ïóáøó Úóáóíúåö ÇáÖøóãöíÑõ Ýöí Þóæúáöåö: ÑõÓõáõåõãú.
æóÌõãúáóÉõ: æóáóÞóÏú ÌÇÁóÊúåõãú ÑõÓõáõåõãú ÈöÇáúÈóíøöäÇÊö ÚóØúÝñ Úóáóì ÌõãúáóÉö: Êöáúßó ÇáúÞõÑì áöãõäóÇÓóÈóÉö ãóÇ Ýöí ßöáúÊóÇ ÇáúÌõãúáóÊóíúäö ãöäú ÞóÕúÏö ÇáÊøóäúÙöíÑö ÈöÍóÇáö ÇáãßÐÈíä ÈöãõÍóãÏ Õóáøóì Çááåõ Úóáóíúåö æóÓóáøóãó.
æóÌóãúÚõ «ÇáúÈóíøöäóÇÊö» íõÔöíÑõ Åöáóì ÊóßóÑøõÑö ÇáúÈóíøöäóÇÊö ãóÚó ßõáøö ÑóÓõæáò¡ æóÇáúÈóíøöäóÇÊõ: ÇáÏøóáóÇÆöáõ ÇáÏøóÇáøóÉõ
Úóáóì ÇáÕøöÏúÞö æóÞóÏú ÊóÞóÏøóãóÊú ÚöäúÏó Þóæúáöåö ÊóÚóÇáóì: ÞóÏú ÌÇÁóÊúßõãú ÈóíøöäóÉñ ãöäú ÑóÈøößõãú Ýöí ÞöÕøóÉö ËóãõæÏó Ýöí åóÐöåö ÇáÓøõæÑóÉö [73] .
(æóÇáúÝóÇÁõ) Ýöí Þóæúáöåö: ÝóãÇ ßÇäõæÇ áöíõÄúãöäõæÇ áöÊóÑúÊöíÈö ÇáúÅöÎúÈóÇÑö ÈöÇäúÊöÝóÇÁö ÅöíãóÇäöåöãú Úóäö ÇáúÅöÎúÈóÇÑö ÈöãóÌöíÁö ÇáÑøõÓõáö Åöáóíúåöãú ÈöãóÇ ãöäú ÔóÃúäöåö Ãóäú íóÍúãöáóåõãú Úóáóì ÇáúÅöíãóÇä.
æóÕöíÛóÉ ÝóãÇ ßÇäõæÇ áöíõÄúãöäõæÇ ÊõÝöíÏõ ãõÈóÇáóÛóÉó ÇáäøóÝúíö ÈöáóÇãö ÇáúÌõÍõæÏö ÇáÏøóÇáøóÉö Úóáóì Ãóäøó ÍõÕõæáó ÇáúÅöíãóÇäö ßóÇäó ãõäóÇÝöíðÇ áöÍóÇáöåöãú ãöäó ÇáÊøóÕóáøõÈö Ýöí ÇáúßõÝúÑö. æóÞóÏú ÊóÞóÏøóãó æóÌúåõ ÏóáóÇáóÉö áóÇãö ÇáúÌõÍõæÏö(9/30)
Úóáóì ãõÈóÇáóÛóÉö ÇáäøóÝúíö ÚöäúÏó Þóæúáöåö ÊóÚóÇáóì: ãóÇ ßÇäó áöÈóÔóÑò Ãóäú íõÄúÊöíóåõ Çááøóåõ ÇáúßöÊÇÈó ÇáúÂíóÉó Ýöí ÓõæÑóÉö Âáö ÚöãúÑóÇäó [79] . æóÇáúãóÚúäóì: ÝóÇÓúÊóãóÑøó ÚóÏóãõ ÅöíãóÇäöåöãú æóÊóãóßøóäó ãöäúåõãõ ÇáúßõÝúÑõ Ýöí Íöíäö ßóÇäó ÇáÔøóÃúäõ Ãóäú íÞáÚæÇ Úóäåõ.
æÈöãÇ ßóÐøóÈõæÇ ãóæúÕõæáñ æóÕöáóÊõåõ æóÍõÐöÝõ ÇáúÚóÇÆöÏõ ÇáúãóÌúÑõæÑõ Úóáóì ØóÑöíÞóÉö ÍóÐúÝö ÃóãúËóÇáöåö ÅöÐóÇ ÌõÑøó ÇáúãóæúÕõæáõ ÈöãöËúáö ÇáúÍóÑúÝö ÇáúãóÍúÐõæÝö¡ æóáóÇ íõÔúÊóÑóØõ ÇÊøöÍóÇÏõ ãõÊóÚóáøöÞóíö ÇáúÍóÑúÝóíúäö Úóáóì ãóÇ ÐóåóÈó Åöáóíúåö ÇáúãõÍóÞøöÞõæäó ãöäúåõãõ ÇáÑøóÖöíøõ ßóãóÇ Ýöí åóÐöåö ÇáúÂíóÉ.
æóãóÇ ÕÏÞ (ãóÇ) ÇáúãóæúÕõæáóÉö: ãóÇ íóÏõáøõ Úóáóíúåö ßóÐøóÈõæÇ¡ Ãóíú: ÝóãóÇ ßóÇäõæÇ áöíõÄúãöäõæÇ ÈöÔóíúÁò ßóÐøóÈõæÇ Èöåö ãöäú ÞóÈúáõ ãöãøóÇ ÏõÚõæÇ Åöáóì ÇáúÅöíãóÇäö Èöåö ãöäó ÇáÊøóæúÍöíÏö æóÇáúÈóÚúËö. æóÔóÃúäõ (ãóÇ) ÇáúãóæúÕõæáóÉö Ãóäú íõÑóÇÏó ÈöåóÇ ÛóíúÑõ ÇáúÚóÇÞöáö¡ ÝóáóÇ íßæä ãóÇ ÕÏÞ (ãóÇ) åõäóÇ ÇáÑøõÓõáó¡ Èóáú ãóÇ ÌóÇÁóÊú Èöåö ÇáÑøõÓõáõ¡ ÝóáöÐóáößó ßóÇäó ÝöÚúáõ ßóÐøóÈõæÇ åõäóÇ ãõÞóÏøóÑðÇ ãõÊóÚóáøöÞõåõ áóÝúÙõ (Èöåö) ßóãóÇ åõæó ÇáúÝóÑúÞõ Èóíúäó ßóÐøóÈóåõ æóßóÐøóÈó Èöåö¡ ÞóÇáó ÊóÚóÇáóì: ÝóßóÐøóÈõæåõ ÝóÃóäúÌóíúäÇåõ [ÇáúÃóÚúÑóÇÝ: 64] æóÞóÇáó: æóßóÐøóÈó Èöåö Þóæúãõßó æóåõæó ÇáúÍóÞøõ [ÇáúÃóäúÚóÇã: 66] æóÍõÐöÝó ÇáúãõÊóÚóáøöÞõ åõäóÇ ÅöíÌóÇÒðÇ¡ áöÃóäøóåõ ÞóÏú ÓóÈóÞó ÐößúÑõ ÊóßúÐöíÈö Ãóåúáö ÇáúÞõÑóì¡ ÇÈúÊöÏóÇÁð ãöäú Þóæúáöåö ÊóÚóÇáóì:
æóãÇ ÃóÑúÓóáúäÇ Ýöí ÞóÑúíóÉò ãöäú äóÈöíÁò ÅöáøóÇ ÃóÎóÐúäÇ ÃóåúáóåÇ ÈöÇáúÈóÃúÓÇÁö æóÇáÖøóÑøóÇÁö áóÚóáøóåõãú íóÖøóÑøóÚõæäó [ÇáúÃóÚúÑóÇÝ:
94] æóÞóÏú ÓóÈóÞó Ýöí Ðóáößó Þóæúáõåõ: æóáßöäú ßóÐøóÈõæÇ ÝóÃóÎóÐúäÇåõãú ÈöãÇ ßÇäõæÇ íóßúÓöÈõæäó [ÇáúÃóÚúÑóÇÝ: 96] æóáöåóÐóÇ áóãú íõÍúÐóÝú ãõÊóÚóáøöÞõ ÝöÚúáö ßóÐøóÈõæÇ Ýöí äóÙöíÑö åóÐöåö ÇáúÂíóÉö ãöäú ÓõæÑóÉö íõæäõÓó.
æóÇáúãóÚúäóì: ãóÇ ÃóÝóÇÏóÊúåõãõ ÇáúÈóíøöäóÇÊõ Ãóäú íõÄúãöäõæÇ ÈöÔóíúÁò ßóÇäó ÈóÏóÑó ãöäúåõãõ ÇáÊøóßúÐöíÈõ Èöåö Ýöí ÇÈúÊöÏóÇÁö ÇáÏøóÚúæóÉö¡ ÝóÇáúãõÖóÇÝõ ÇáúãóÍúÐõæÝõ ÇáøóÐöí Ïóáøó Úóáóíúåö ÈöäóÇÁõ ÞóÈúáõ Úóáóì ÇáÖøóãøö ÊóÞúÏöíÑõåõ: ãöäú ÞóÈúáö ãóÌöíÁö ÇáúÈóíøöäóÇÊö.
æóÃõÓúäöÏó äóÝúíõ ÇáúÅöíãóÇäö Åöáóì ÖóãöíÑö ÌóãöíÚö Ãóåúáö ÇáúÞõÑóì ÈöÇÚúÊöÈóÇÑö ÇáúÛóÇáöÈö¡ æóåõæó ÇÓúÊöÚúãóÇáñ ßóËöíÑñ¡ æóÓóíóÎúÑõÌõ ÇáúãõÄúãöäõæäó ãöäúåõãú ÈöÞóæúáöåö: æóãÇ æóÌóÏúäÇ áöÃóßúËóÑöåöãú ãöäú ÚóåúÏò æóÅöäú æóÌóÏúäÇ ÃóßúËóÑóåõãú
áóÝÇÓöÞöíäó.
æóãÚäì Þæáåä: ßóÐáößó íóØúÈóÚõ Çááøóåõ Úóáì ÞõáõæÈö ÇáúßÇÝöÑöíäó ãöËúáõ Ðóáößó ÇáØøóÈúÚö ÇáúÚóÌöíÈö ÇáúãõÓúÊóÝóÇÏö ãöäú ÍößóÇíóÉö ÇÓúÊöãúÑóÇÑöåöãú Úóáóì ÇáúßõÝúÑö¡ æóÇáúãõÄúÐöäõ Èöåö ÝöÚúáõ íóØúÈóÚõ¡ æóÞóÏú ÊóÞóÏøóãó äóÙóÇÆöÑõåõ ÛóíúÑó ãóÑøóÉò¡ ãöäúåóÇ ÚöäúÏó Þóæúáöåö ÊóÚóÇáóì: æóßóÐáößó ÌóÚóáúäÇßõãú ÃõãøóÉð æóÓóØÇð Ýöí ÓõæÑóÉö ÇáúÈóÞóÑóÉö [143] .
æóÊóÞóÏøóãó ãóÚúäóì ÇáØøóÈúÚö ÚöäúÏó Þóæúáöåö ÊóÚóÇáóì: Èóáú ØóÈóÚó Çááøóåõ ÚóáóíúåÇ ÈößõÝúÑöåöãú Ýöí ÓõæÑóÉö ÇáäøöÓóÇÁö(9/31)
æóÅöÙúåóÇÑõ ÇáúãõÓúäóÏö Åöáóíúåö Ýöí ÌõãúáóÉö íóØúÈóÚõ Çááøóåõ Ïõæäó ÇáúÅöÖúãóÇÑö: áöãóÇ Ýöí ÅöÓúäóÇÏö ÇáØøóÈúÚö Åöáóì ÇáöÇÓúãö ÇáúÚóáóãö ãöäú ÕóÑóÇÍóÉö ÇáÊøóäúÈöíåö Úóáóì Ãóäøóåõ ØóÈúÚñ ÑóåöíÈñ áóÇ íõÛóÇÏöÑõ áöáúåõÏóì ãóäúÝóÐðÇ Åöáóì ÞõáõæÈöåöãú ßóÞóæúáöåö ÊóÚóÇáóì: åóÐóÇ ÎóáúÞõ Çááøóåö [áõÞúãóÇä: 11] Ïõæäó Ãóäú íóÞõæáó: åóÐóÇ ÎóáúÞöí¡ æóáöåóÐóÇ ÇÎúÊöíÑó áóåõ ÇáúÝöÚúáõ ÇáúãõÖóÇÑöÚõ ÇáÏøóÇáøõ Úóáóì ÇÓúÊöãúÑóÇÑö ÇáúÎóÊúãö æóÊóÌóÏøõÏöåö.
æóÇáúÞõáõæÈõ: ÇáúÚõÞõæáõ¡ æóÇáúÞóáúÈõ¡ Ýöí áöÓóÇäö ÇáúÚóÑóÈö: ãöäú ÃóÓúãóÇÁö ÇáúÚóÞúáö¡ æóÊóÞóÏøóãó ÚöäúÏó Þóæúáöåö ÊóÚóÇáóì: ÎóÊóãó Çááøóåõ Úóáì ÞõáõæÈöåöãú Ýöí ÓõæÑóÉö ÇáúÈóÞóÑóÉö [7] .
æóÇáÊøóÚúÑöíÝõ Ýöí ÇáúßÇÝöÑöíäó ÊóÚúÑöíÝõ ÇáúÌöäúÓö¡ ãõÝöíÏñ áöáöÇÓúÊöÛúÑóÇÞö¡ Ãóíú: ÌóãöíÚõ ÇáúßóÇÝöÑöíäó ãöãøóäú ÐõßöÑó æóÛóíúÑöåöãú.
æóÝöí Þóæúáöåö: æóáóÞóÏú ÌÇÁóÊúåõãú ÑõÓõáõåõãú ÈöÇáúÈóíøöäÇÊö Åöáóì ÂÎöÑö ÇáúÂíóÉö¡ ÊóÓúáöíóÉ áãõÍóãÏ Õóáøóì Çááåõ Úóáóíúåö æóÓóáøóãó ÈöÃóäøó ãóÇ áóÞöíóåõ ãöäú Þóæúãöåö åõæó ÓõäøóÉõ ÇáÑøõÓõáö ÇáÓøóÇÈöÞöíäó¡ æóÃóäøó Ðóáößó áóíúÓó áöÊóÞúÕöíÑò ãöäúåõ¡ æóáóÇ áöÖóÚúÝö ÂíóÇÊöåö¡ æóáóßöäøóåõ áöáúÎóÊúãö Úóáóì ÞõáõæÈö ßóËöíÑò ãöäú Þóæúãöåö.
æóÚõØöÝóÊú ÌõãúáóÉõ: æóãÇ æóÌóÏúäÇ áöÃóßúËóÑöåöãú ãöäú ÚóåúÏò Úóáóì ÌõãúáóÉö: æóáóÞóÏú ÌÇÁóÊúåõãú ÑõÓõáõåõãú æóãóÇ ÑÊÈ ÚóáóíúåóÇ ãöäú Þóæúáöåö: ÝóãÇ ßÇäõæÇ áöíõÄúãöäõæÇ ÈöãÇ ßóÐøóÈõæÇ ãöäú ÞóÈúáõ ÊóäúÈöíåðÇ Úóáóì ÑõÓõæÎö ÇáúßõÝúÑö ãöäú äõÝõæÓöåöãú ÈöÍóíúËõ áóãú íóÞúáóÚúåõ ãöäúåõãú áóÇ ãóÇ ÔóÇåóÏõæåõ ãöäó ÇáúÈóíøöäóÇÊö¡ æóáóÇ ãóÇ æóÖóÚóåõ Çááøóåõ Ýöí ÝöØúÑóÉö ÇáúÅöäúÓóÇäö ãöäó ÇÚúÊöÞóÇÏö æõÌõæÏö Åöáóåò æóÇÍöÏò æóÊóÕúÏöíÞö ÇáÑøõÓõáö ÇáÏøóÇÚöíäó Åöáóíúåö¡ æóáóÇ ÇáúæóÝóÇÁõ ÈöãóÇ ÚóÇåóÏõæÇ Úóáóíúåö ÇáÑøõÓõáó ÚöäúÏó ÇáÏøóÚúæóÉö: Åöäøóåõãú Åöäú ÃóÊóæúåõãú ÈöÇáúÈóíøöäóÇÊö íõÄúãöäõæäó ÈöåóÇ.
æóÇáúæöÌúÏóÇäõ Ýöí ÇáúãóæúÖöÚóíúäö ãóÌóÇÒñ Ýöí ÇáúÚöáúãö¡ ÝóÕóÇÑó ãöäú ÃóÝúÚóÇáö ÇáúÞõáõæÈö¡ æóäóÝúíõåõ Ýöí ÇáúÃóæøóáö ßöäóÇíóÉñ Úóäö ÇäúÊöÝóÇÁö ÇáúÚóåúÏö ÈöÇáúãóÚúäóì ÇáúãóÞúÕõæÏö¡ Ãóíú æóÝóÇÆöåö¡ áöÃóäøóåõ áóæú ßóÇäó ãóæúÌõæÏðÇ áóÚóáöãóåõ ãóäú ÔóÃúäõåõ Ãóäú íóÚúáóãóåõ æóíóÈúÍóËó Úóäúåõ ÚöäúÏó ØóáóÈö ÇáúæóÝóÇÁö Èöåö¡ áóÇ ÓöíøóãóÇ æóÇáúãõÊóßóáøöãõ åõæó ÇáøóÐöí áóÇ ÊóÎúÝóì Úóáóíúåö ÎóÇÝöíóÉñ ßóÞóæúáöåö: Þõáú áóÇ ÃóÌöÏõ Ýöí ãóÇ ÃõæÍöíó Åöáóíøó ãõÍóÑøóãÇð [ÇáúÃóäúÚóÇã: 145] ÇáúÂíóÉó¡ Ãóíú áóÇ ãõÍóÑøóãó ÅöáøóÇ ãóÇ ÐõßöÑó¡
ÝóãóÚúäóì æóãÇ æóÌóÏúäÇ áöÃóßúËóÑöåöãú ãöäú ÚóåúÏò ãóÇ áöÃóßúËóÑöåöãú ÚóåúÏñ.
æóÇáúÚóåúÏõ: ÇáöÇáúÊöÒóÇãõ æóÇáúæóÚúÏõ ÇáúãõÄóßøóÏõ æõÞõæÚõåõ¡ æóÇáúãõæóËøóÞõ ÈöãóÇ íóãúäóÚõ ãöäú ÅöÎúáóÇÝöåö: ãöäú íóãöíäò¡ Ãóæú ÖóãóÇäò¡ Ãóæú ÎóÔúíóÉö ãóÓóÈøóÉò¡ æóåõæó ãõÔúÊóÞøñ ãöäú ÚóåöÏó ÇáÔøóíúÁó ÈöãóÚúäóì ÚóÑóÝóåõ¡ áöÃóäøó ÇáúæóÚúÏó ÇáúãõÄóßøóÏó íóÚúÑöÝõåõ ãõáúÊóÒöãõåõ æóíóÍúÑöÕõ Ãóäú áóÇ íóäúÓóÇåõ.
æóíõÓóãøóì ÅöíÞóÇÚõ ãóÇ ÇáúÊóÒóãóåõ ÇáúãõáúÊóÒöãõ ãöäú ÚóåúÏöåö ÇáúæóÝóÇÁó ÈöÇáúÚóåúÏö¡ ÝóÇáúÚóåúÏõ åõäóÇ íóÌõæÒõ Ãóäú íõÑóÇÏó(9/32)
Èöåö ÇáúæóÚúÏõ ÇáøóÐöí ÍóÞøóÞóåõ ÇáúÃõãóãõ áöÑõÓõáöåöãú ãËá Þóæúáåã: ÝÃääÇ ÈöÂíóÉò Åöäú ßõäúÊó ãöäó ÇáÕøóÇÏöÞöíäó¡ ÝóÅöäøó ãóÚúäóì Ðóáößó: Åöäú ÃóÊóíúÊóäóÇ ÈöÂíóÉò ÕóÏøóÞúäóÇßó. æóíóÌõæÒõ Ãóäú íõÑóÇÏó Èöåö æóÚúÏñ æóËøóÞóåõ ÃóÓúáóÇÝõ ÇáúÃõãóãö ãöäú ÚóåúÏö ÂÏóãó Ãóäú áóÇ íóÚúÈõÏõæÇ ÅöáøóÇ Çááøóåó æóåõæó ÇáúãóÐúßõæÑõ Ýöí Þóæúáöåö ÊóÚóÇáóì: Ãóáóãú ÃóÚúåóÏú Åöáóíúßõãú íóÇ Èóäöí ÂÏóãó Ãóäú áóÇ ÊóÚúÈõÏõæÇ ÇáÔøóíúØÇäó [íÓ: 60] ÇáúÂíóÉó¡ ÝóßóÇäó áóÇÒöãðÇ áöÃóÚúÞóÇÈöåöãú.
æóíóÌõæÒõ Ãóäú íõÑóÇÏó Èöåö ãóÇ æóÚóÏóÊú Èöåö ÃóÑúæóÇÍõ ÇáúÈóÔóÑö ÎóÇáöÞóåóÇ Ýöí ÇáúÃóÒóáö ÇáúãóÍúßöíøö Ýöí Þóæúáöåö ÊóÚóÇáóì: æóÅöÐú ÃóÎóÐó ÑóÈøõßó ãöäú Èóäöí ÂÏóãó ãöäú ÙõåõæÑöåöãú ÐõÑøöíøóÇÊöåöãú æóÃóÔúåóÏóåõãú Úóáì ÃóäúÝõÓöåöãú ÃóáóÓúÊõ ÈöÑóÈøößõãú ÞÇáõæÇ Èóáì ÔóåöÏúäÇ [ÇáúÃóÚúÑóÇÝ: 172] ÇáúÂíóÉó. æóåõæó ÚöÈóÇÑóÉñ Úóäú ÎóáúÞö Çááøóåö ÝöØúÑóÉó ÇáúÈóÔóÑöíøóÉö ãõÚúÊóÞöÏóÉð æõÌõæÏó ÎóÇáöÞöåóÇ æóæóÍúÏóÇäöíøóÊóåõ¡ Ëõãøó ÍóÑøóÝóÊúåóÇ ÇáäøóÒóÚóÇÊõ ÇáúæóËóäöíøóÉõ æóÇáÖøóáóÇáóÇÊõ ÇáÔøóíúØóÇäöíøóÉõ.
æóæõÞõæÚõ ÇÓúãö åóÐóÇ ÇáúÌöäúÓö Ýöí ÓöíóÇÞö ÇáäøóÝúíö íóÞúÊóÖöí ÇäúÊöÝóÇÁóåõ ÈöÌóãöíÚö ÇáúãóÚóÇäöí ÇáÕøóÇÏöÞö åõæó ÚóáóíúåóÇ.
æóãóÚúäóì ÇäúÊöÝóÇÁö æöÌúÏóÇäöåö. åõæó ÇäúÊöÝóÇÁõ ÇáúæóÝóÇÁö Èöåö¡ áöÃóäøó ÃóÕúáó ÇáúæóÚúÏö ËóÇÈöÊñ ãóæúÌõæÏñ¡ æóáóßöäøóåõ áóãøóÇ ßóÇäó ÊóÍóÞøõÞõåõ áóÇ íóÙúåóÑõ ÅöáøóÇ Ýöí ÇáúãõÓúÊóÞúÈóáö¡ æóåõæó ÇáúæóÝóÇÁõ¡ ÌóÚóáó ÇäúÊöÝóÇÁó ÇáúæóÝóÇÁö ÈöãóäúÒöáóÉö ÇäúÊöÝóÇÁö ÇáúæõÞõæÚö¡ æóÇáúãóÚúäóì Úóáóì ÊóÞúÏöíÑö ãõÖóÇÝò¡ Ãóíú: ãóÇ æóÌóÏúäóÇ áöÃóßúËóÑöåöãú ãöäú æóÝóÇÁö ÚóåúÏò.
æóÅöäøóãóÇ ÚõÏøöíó ÚóÏóãõ æöÌúÏóÇäö ÇáúæóÝóÇÁö ÈöÇáúÚóåúÏö Ýöí ÃóßúËóÑóåõãú áöáúÅöÔóÇÑóÉö Åöáóì ÅöÎúÑóÇÌö ãõÄúãöäöí ßõáøö ÃõãøóÉò ãöäú åóÐóÇ ÇáÐøóãøö¡ æóÇáúãõÑóÇÏõ ÈöÃóßúËóÑöåöãú¡ ÃóßúËóÑõ ßõáøö ÃõãøóÉò ãöäúåõãú¡ áóÇ ÃõãøóÉñ æóÇÍöÏóÉñ ÞóáöíáóÉñ ãöäú Èóíúäö ÌóãöíÚö ÇáúÃõãóãö.
æóÞóæúáõåõ: æóÅöäú æóÌóÏúäÇ ÃóßúËóÑóåõãú áóÝÇÓöÞöíäó ÅöÎúÈóÇÑñ ÈöÃóäøó ÚóÏóãó ÇáúæóÝóÇÁö ÈöÇáúÚóåúÏö ãöäú ÃóßúËóÑöåöãú ßóÇäó ãöäúåõãú Úóäú ÚóãúÏò æóäóßúËò¡ æóáößóæúäö Ðóáößó ãóÚúäðì ÒóÇÆöÏðÇ Úóáóì ãóÇ Ýöí ÇáúÌõãúáóÉö ÇáøóÊöí ÞóÈúáóåóÇ ÚõØöÝóÊú æóáóãú ÊõÌúÚóáú ÊóÃúßöíÏðÇ áöáøóÊöí ÞóÈúáóåóÇ Ãóæú ÈóíóÇäðÇ¡ áöÃóäøó ÇáúÝöÓúÞó åõæó ÚöÕúíóÇäõ ÇáúÃóãúÑö¡ æóÐóáößó Ãóäøóåõãú ßóÐøóÈõæÇ ÝöíãóÇ æóÚóÏõæÇ Úóäú ÞóÕúÏò áöáúßõÝúÑö.
æó (Åöäú) ãõÎóÝøóÝóÉñ ãöäó ÇáËøóÞöíáóÉö¡ æóÈóÚúÏóåóÇ ãõÈúÊóÏóÃñ ãóÍúÐõæÝñ åõæó ÖóãöíÑõ ÇáÔøóÃúäö¡ æóÇáúÌõãúáóÉõ ÎóÈóÑñ Úóäúåõ
ÊóäúæöíåðÇ ÈöÔóÃúäö åóÐóÇ ÇáúÎóÈóÑö áöíóÚúáóãóåõ ÇáÓøóÇãöÚõæäó.
æóÇááøóÇãõ ÇáÏøóÇÎöáóÉõ Ýöí ÎóÈóÑö æóÌóÏúäÇ áóÇãõ ÇÈúÊöÏóÇÁò¡ ÈöÇÚúÊöÈóÇÑö ßóæúäö Ðóáößó ÇáúÎóÈóÑö ÎóÈóÑðÇ ãöäú ÌõãúáóÉò åöíó ÎóÈóÑñ Úóäö ÇáöÇÓúãö ÇáúæóÇÞöÚö ÈóÚúÏó (Åöäú) ¡ æóÌõáöÈóÊö ÇááøóÇãõ áöáÊøóÝúÑöÞóÉö Èóíúäó ÇáúãõÎóÝøóÝóÉö æóÇáäøóÇÝöíóÉö.
æóÞóÏú ÊóÞóÏøóãó äóÙöíÑõ åóÐóÇ ÚöäúÏó Þóæúáöåö ÊóÚóÇáóì: æóÅöäú ßÇäõæÇ ãöäú ÞóÈúáõ áóÝöí ÖóáÇáò ãõÈöíäò [Âá ÚãÑóÇä:
164] .(9/33)
Ëõãøó ÈóÚóËúäóÇ ãöäú ÈóÚúÏöåöãú ãõæÓóì ÈöÂíóÇÊöäóÇ Åöáóì ÝöÑúÚóæúäó æóãóáóÆöåö ÝóÙóáóãõæÇ ÈöåóÇ ÝóÇäúÙõÑú ßóíúÝó ßóÇäó ÚóÇÞöÈóÉõ ÇáúãõÝúÓöÏöíäó (103)
æóÃõÓúäöÏó Íõßúãõ ÇáäøóßúËö Åöáóì ÃóßúËóÑö Ãåá ÇáúÞÑì¡ ÊóÈíäÇ áößóæúäö ÖóãöíÑö ÝóãÇ ßÇäõæÇ áöíõÄúãöäõæÇ ÌóÑóì Úóáóì ÇáÊøóÛúáöíÈö¡ æóáóÚóáøó äõßúÊóÉó åóÐóÇ ÇáÊøóÕúÑöíÍö Ýöí ÎõÕõæÕö åóÐóÇ ÇáúÍõßúãö Ãóäøóåõ Íõßúãõ ãóÐóãøóÉò æóãóÓóÈøóÉò¡ ÝóäóÇÓóÈóÊú ãõÍóÇÔóÇÉó ãóäú áóãú ÊóáúÊóÕöÞú Èöåö Êöáúßó ÇáãÓÈÉ.
[103]
[ÓõæÑóÉ ÇáúÃóÚúÑóÇÝ (7) : ÂíóÉ 103]
Ëõãøó ÈóÚóËúäÇ ãöäú ÈóÚúÏöåöãú ãõæÓì ÈöÂíÇÊöäÇ Åöáì ÝöÑúÚóæúäó æóãóáÇÆöåö ÝóÙóáóãõæÇ ÈöåÇ ÝóÇäúÙõÑú ßóíúÝó ßÇäó ÚÇÞöÈóÉõ ÇáúãõÝúÓöÏöíäó (103)
ÇäúÊöÞóÇáñ ãöäú ÃóÎúÈóÇÑö ÇáÑøöÓóÇáóÇÊö ÇáÓøóÇÈöÞóÉö Åöáóì ÃóÎúÈóÇÑö ÑöÓóÇáóÉò ÚóÙöíãóÉò áöÃõãøóÉò ÈóÇÞöíóÉò Åöáóì æóÞúÊö äõÒõæáö ÇáúÞõÑúÂäö ÝóÖøóáóåóÇ Çááøóåõ ÈöÝóÖúáöåö Ýóáóãú ÊõæóÝøö ÍóÞøó ÇáÔøõßúÑö æóÊóáóÞøóÊú ÑóÓõæáóåóÇ Èóíúäó ØóÇÚóÉò æóÅöÈóÇÁò æóÇäúÞöíóÇÏò æóäöÝóÇÑò¡ Ýóáóãú íÚÇãáåÇ Çááå ÈÇáÇÓÊíÕÇá æóáóßöäøóåõ ÃóÑóÇåóÇ ÌóÒóÇÁó ãõÎúÊóáöÝö ÃóÚúãóÇáöåóÇ¡ ÌóÒóÇÁð æöÝóÇÞðÇ¡ Åöäú ÎóíúÑðÇ ÝóÎóíúÑñ¡ æóÅöäú ÔóÑøðÇ ÝóÔóÑøñ.
æóÎõÕøóÊú ÈöÇáÊøóÝúÖöíáö ÞöÕøóÉõ ÅöÑúÓóÇáö ãõæÓóì áöãóÇ ÊóÍúÊóæöí Úóáóíúåö ãöäó ÇáúÍóæóÇÏöËö ÇáúÚóÙöíãóÉö¡ æóÇáúÃóäúÈóÇÁö ÇáúÞóíøöãóÉö¡ æóáöÃóäøó ÑöÓóÇáóÊóåõ ÌóÇÁóÊú ÈöÃóÚúÙóãö ÔóÑöíÚóÉò Èóíúäó íóÏóíú ÔóÑöíÚóÉö ÇáúÅöÓúáóÇãö¡ æóÃõÑúÓöáó ÑóÓõæáõåóÇ åóÇÏöíðÇ æóÔóÇÑöÚðÇ ÊóãúåöíÏðÇ áöÔóÑöíÚóÉò ÊóÃúÊöí áöÃõãøóÉö ÃóÚúÙóãó ãöäúåóÇ Êóßõæäõ ÈóÚúÏóåóÇ¡ æóáöÃóäøó ÍóÇáó ÇáúãõÑúÓóáö Åöáóíúåöãú ÃóÔúÈóåõ ÈöÍóÇáö ãöäú ÃõÑúÓöáó Åöáóíúåöã ãõÍóãøóÏ Õóáøóì Çááåõ Úóáóíúåö æóÓóáøóãó ÝóÅöäøóåõãú ßóÇäõæÇ ÝóÑöíÞóíúäö ßóËöíÑóíúäö ÇÊøóÈóÚó ÃóÍóÏõåõãú ãõæÓóì æóßóÝóÑó Èöåö ÇáúÂÎóÑõ¡ ßóãóÇ ÇÊøóÈóÚó ãõÍóãøóÏðÇ- Úóáóíúåö ÇáÓøóáóÇã- ÌóãúÚñ ÚóÙöíãñ æóßóÝóÑó Èöåö ÝóÑöíÞñ ßóËöíÑñ¡ ÝóÃóåúáóßó Çááøóåõ ãóäú ßóÝóÑó æóäóÕóÑó ãóäú Âãóäó.
æóÞóÏú ÏóáøóÊú Ëõãøó Úóáóì ÇáúãõåúáóÉö: áöÃóäøó ãõæÓóì- Úóáóíúåö ÇáÓøóáóÇãõ- ÈõÚöËó ÈóÚúÏó ÔõÚóíúÈò ÈöÒóãóäò Øóæöíá¡ ÝóÅöäøóåõ áãÇ ÊóæóÌøóåó Åöáóì ãóÏúíóäó Íöíäó ÎõÑõæÌöåö ãöäú ãöÕúÑó¡ ÑóÌóÇ Çááøóåó Ãóäú íóåúÏöíóåõ ÝóæóÌóÏó ÔõÚóíúÈðÇ¡ æóßóÇäó ÇÊøöÕóÇáõåõ Èöåö æóãõÕóÇåóÑóÊõåõ ÊóÏúÑöíÌðÇ áóåõ Ýöí Óõáøóãö ÞóÈõæáö ÇáÑøöÓóÇáóÉö Úóäö Çááøóåö ÊóÚóÇáóì ÝóÇáúãõåúáóÉõ ÈöÇÚúÊöÈóÇÑö ãóÌúãõæÚö ÇáúÃõãóãö ÇáúãóÍúßöíøö ÚóäúåóÇ ÞóÈúáõ¡ ÝóÅöäøó ãöäúåóÇ ãóÇ Èóíúäóåõ æóÈóíúäó ãõæÓóì ÞõÑõæäñ ãöËúáõ Þóæúãö äõæÍò¡ æóãöËúáõ ÚóÇÏò æóËóãõæÏó¡ æóÞóæúãö áõæØò¡ ÝóÇáúãõåúáóÉõ ÇáøóÊöí ÏóáøóÊú ÚóáóíúåóÇ Ëõãøó ãõÊóÝóÇæöÊóÉõ ÇáúãöÞúÏóÇÑö¡ ãóÚó ãóÇ íóÞúÊóÖöíåö
ÚóØúÝõ ÇáúÌõãúáóÉö ÈöÍóÑúÝö Ëõãøó ãöäó ÇáÊøóÑóÇÎöí ÇáÑøõÊóÈöíøö æóåõæó ãõáóÇÒöãñ áóåóÇ ÅöÐóÇ ÚõØöÝóÊú ÈöåóÇ ÇáúÌõãóáõ.
ÝóÍóÑúÝõ (Ëõãøó) åõäóÇ ãõÓúÊóÚúãóáñ Ýöí ãóÚúäóíóíö ÇáúãõåúáóÉö ÇáúÍóÞöíÞöíøö æóÇáúãóÌóÇÒöíøö.
æóÇáÖøóãöíÑõ Ýöí Þóæúáöåö: ãöäú ÈóÚúÏöåöãú íóÚõæÏõ Åöáóì ÇáúÞõÑóì¡ ÈöÇÚúÊöÈóÇÑö ÃóåúáöåóÇ¡ ßóãóÇ ÚóÇÏóÊú(9/34)
Úóáóíúåöãõ ÇáÖøóãóÇÆöÑõ Ýöí Þóæúáöåö æóáóÞóÏú ÌÇÁóÊúåõãú ÑõÓõáõåõãú ÇáúÂíóÊóíúäö [ÇáúÃóÚúÑóÇÝ: 101] .
æóÇáúÈóÇÁõ Ýöí ÈöÂíÇÊöäÇ áöáúãõáóÇÈóÓóÉö¡ æóåöíó Ýöí ãóæúÖöÚö ÇáúÍóÇáö ãöäú ãõæÓóì¡ Ãóíú: ãóÕúÍõæÈðÇ ÈöÂíóÇÊò ãöäøóÇ¡ æóÇáúÂíóÇÊõ: ÇáÏøóáóÇÆöáõ Úóáóì ÕöÏúÞö ÇáÑøóÓõæáö¡ æóåöíó ÇáúãõÚúÌöÒóÇÊõ¡ ÞóÇáó ÊóÚóÇáóì: ÞÇáó Åöäú ßõäúÊó ÌöÆúÊó ÈöÂíóÉò ÝóÃúÊö ÈöåÇ Åöäú ßõäúÊó ãöäó ÇáÕøóÇÏöÞöíäó ÝóÃóáúÞì ÚóÕÇåõ ÝóÅöÐÇ åöíó ËõÚúÈÇäñ ãõÈöíäñ [ÇáúÃóÚúÑóÇÝ:
106¡ 107] .
æÝöÑúÚóæúäó Úóáóãõ ÌöäúÓò áöãóáößö ãöÕúÑó Ýöí ÇáúÞóÏöíãö¡ Ãóíú: ÞóÈúáó Ãóäú íóãúáößóåóÇ ÇáúíõæäóÇäõ¡ æóåõæó ÇÓúãñ ãöäú áõÛóÉö ÇáúÞöÈúØö. Þöíáó: ÃóÕúáõåõ Ýöí ÇáúÞöÈúØöíøóÉö (ÝóÇÑóÇåõ) æóáóÚóáøó ÇáúåóÇÁó Ýöíåö ãõÈúÏóáóÉñ Úóäö ÇáúÚóíúäö ÝóÅöäøó (ÑóÚú) ÇÓúãõ ÇáÔøóãúÓö ÝóãóÚúäóì (ÝóÇÑóÇåõ) äõæÑõ ÇáÔøóãúÓö áöÃóäøóåõãú ßóÇäõæÇ íóÚúÈõÏõæäó ÇáÔøóãúÓó ÝóÌóÚóáõæÇ ãóáößó ãöÕúÑó ÈöãóäúÒöáóÉö äõæÑö ÇáÔøóãúÓö¡ áöÃóäøóåõ íõÕúáöÍõ ÇáäøóÇÓó¡ äõÞöáó åóÐóÇ ÇáöÇÓúãõ Úóäúåõãú Ýöí ßõÊõÈö ÇáúíóåõæÏö æóÇäúÊóÞóáó Úóäúåõãú Åöáóì ÇáúÚóÑóÈöíøóÉö¡ æóáóÚóáøóåõ ãöãøóÇ ÃóÏúÎóáóåõ ÇáúÅöÓúáóÇãõ¡ æóåóÐóÇ ÇáöÇÓúãõ äóÙöíÑõ (ßöÓúÑóì) áöãóáößö ãõáõæßö ÇáúÝõÑúÓö ÇáúÞõÏóãóÇÁö¡ æó (ÞóíúÕóÑó) áöãóáößö ÇáÑøæã¡ æ (äãúÑõæÏ) áöãóáößö ßóäúÚóÇäó¡ æó (ÇáäøóÌóÇÔöíø) áãáß ÇáúÍóÈóÔ¡ æó (ÊõÈøóÚò) áöãóáößö ãõáõæßö Çáúíóãóäö¡ æó (ÎóÇäó) áöãóáößö ÇáÊøõÑúßö.
æóÇÓúãõ ÝöÑúÚóæúäó ÇáøóÐöí ÃõÑúÓöáó ãõæÓóì Åöáóíúåö: ãöäúÝöØóÇÍõ ÇáËøóÇäöí¡ ÃóÍóÏõ ãõáõæßö ÇáúÚóÇÆöáóÉö ÇáÊøóÇÓöÚóÉó ÚóÔúÑóÉó ãöäó ÇáúÚóÇÆöáóÇÊö ÇáøóÊöí ãóáóßóÊú ãöÕúÑó¡ Úóáóì ÊóÑúÊöíÈö ÇáúãõÄóÑøöÎöíäó ãöäó ÇáúÅöÝúÑöäúÌö æóÐóáößó Ýöí ÓóäóÉö 1491 ÞóÈúáó ãöíáóÇÏö ÇáúãóÓöíÍö.
æóÇáúãóáóÃõ: ÇáúÌóãóÇÚóÉõ ãöäú ÚöáúíóÉö ÇáúÞóæúãö¡ æóÊóÞóÏøóãó ÞóÑöíÈðÇ¡ æóåõãú æõÒóÑóÇÁõ ÝöÑúÚóæúäó æóÓóÇÏóÉõ Ãóåúáö ãöÕúÑó ãöäó ÇáúßóåóäóÉö æóÞõæøóÇÏö ÇáúÌõäúÏö¡ æóÅöäøóãóÇ ÎóÕøó ÝöÑúÚóæúäó æóãóáóÃóåõ áöÃóäøóåõãú Ãóåúáõ ÇáúÍóáøö æóÇáúÚóÞúÏö ÇáøóÐöíäó íóÃúÐóäõæäó Ýöí ÓóÑóÇÍö Èóäöí ÅöÓúÑóÇÆöíáó¡ ÝóÅöäøó ãõæÓóì ÈóÚóËóåõ Çááøóåõ Åöáóì Èóäöí ÅöÓúÑóÇÆöíáó áöíõÍóÑøöÑóåõãú ãöäó ÇáÑøöÞøö ÇáøóÐöí ßóÇäõæÇ Ýöíåö ÈöãöÕúÑó¡ æóáóãøóÇ ßóÇäó ÎõÑõæÌõåõãú ãöäú ãöÕúÑó ãõÊóæóÞøöÝðÇ Úóáóì ÃóãúÑö ÝöÑúÚóæúäó æóãóáóÆöåö ÈóÚóËóåõ Çááøóåõ Åöáóíúåöãú áöíóÚúáóãõæÇ Ãóäøó Çááøóåó ÃóÑúÓóáó ãõæÓóì ÈöÐóáößó¡ æóÝöí Ööãúäö Ðóáößó ÊóÍúÕõáõ ÏóÚúæóÉõ ÝöÑúÚóæúäó áöáúåõÏóì¡ áöÃóäøó ßõáøó äóÈöíÁò íõÚúáöäõ ÇáÊøóæúÍöíÏó æóíóÃúãõÑõ ÈöÇáúåõÏóì¡ æóÅöäú ßóÇäó ÇáúãóÃúãõæÑõ ãöäú ÛóíúÑö ÇáúãóÈúÚõæËö Åöáóíúåöãú ÍöÑúÕðÇ Úóáóì ÇáúåõÏóì ÅöáøóÇ Ãóäøóåõ áóÇ íõÞöíãõ Ýöíåöãú æóáóÇ íõßóÑøöÑõ Ðóáößó¡ æóÇáúÝóÇÁõ Ýöí Þóæúáöåö: ÝóÙóáóãõæÇ áöáÊøóÚúÞöíÈö Ãóíú ÝóÈóÇÏóÑõæÇ ÈöÇáÊøóßúÐöíÈö.
æóÇáÙøõáúãõ: ÇáöÇÚúÊöÏóÇÁõ Úóáóì ÍóÞøö ÇáúÛóíúÑö¡ ÝóíóÌõæÒõ Ãóäú íóßõæäó ÝóÙóáóãõæÇ åõäóÇ Úóáóì ÃóÕúáö æóÖúÚöåö æóÊóßõæäõ ÇáúÈóÇÁõ áöáÓøóÈóÈöíøóÉö¡ æóÍõÐöÝó ãóÝúÚõæáõ (ÙóáóãõæÇ) áöÞóÕúÏö ÇáúÚõãõæãö¡ æóÇáúãóÚúäóì: ÝóÙóáóãõæÇ ßõáøó ãóäú áóåõ ÍóÞøñ Ýöí ÇáöÇäúÊöÝóÇÚö ÈöÇáúÂíóÇÊö¡ Ãóíú ãóäóÚõæÇ ÇáäøóÇÓó ãöäó ÇáÊøóÕúÏöíÞö ÈöåóÇ æóÂÐóæõÇ ÇáøóÐöíäó(9/35)
ÂãóäõæÇ ÈöãõæÓóì áóãøóÇ ÑóÃóæúÇ ÂíóÇÊöåö¡ ßóãóÇ ÞóÇáó ÊóÚóÇáóì: ÞÇáó ÝöÑúÚóæúäõ ÂãóäúÊõãú Èöåö ÞóÈúáó Ãóäú ÂÐóäó áóßõãú- Åöáóì Þóæúáöåö- áóÃõÞóØøöÚóäøó ÃóíúÏöíóßõãú æóÃóÑúÌõáóßõãú ãöäú ÎöáÇÝò [ÇáúÃóÚúÑóÇÝ: 123¡ 124] ÇáúÂíóÉó.
æóÙóáóãõæÇ ÃóäúÝõÓóåõãú ÅöÐú ßóÇÈóÑõæÇ æóáóãú íõÄúãöäõæÇ¡ ÝóßóÇäó ÇáÙøõáúãõ ÈöÓóÈóÈö ÇáúÂíóÇÊö Ãóíú ÈöÓóÈóÈö ÇáöÇÚúÊöÑóÇÝö ÈöåóÇ.
æóíóÌõæÒõ Ãóäú íóßõæäó Öãøä ÝóÙóáóãõæÇ ãóÚúäóì ßóÝóÑõæÇ ÝóÚõÏøöíó Åöáóì ÇáúÂíóÇÊö ÈöÇáúÈóÇÁö¡ æóÇáÊøóÞúÏöíÑõ:
ÝóÙóáóãõæÇ ÅöÐú ßóÝóÑõæÇ ÈöåóÇ¡ áöÃóäøó ÇáúßõÝúÑó ÈöÇáúÂíóÇÊö Ùáã ÍóÞöíÞóÉ¡ ÅöÐö ÇáÙøõáúãõ ÇáöÇÚúÊöÏóÇÁõ Úóáóì ÇáúÍóÞøö Ýóãóäú ßóÝóÑó ÈöÇáÏøóáóÇÆöáö ÇáúæóÇÖöÍóÉö ÇáúãõÓóãøóÇÉö (ÂíóÇÊò) ÝóÞóÏö ÇÚúÊóÏóì Úóáóì ÍóÞøö ÇáÊøóÃóãøõáö æóÇáäøóÙóÑö.
æóÇáúÝóÇÁõ Ýöí Þóæúáöåö: ÝóÇäúÙõÑú áöÊóÝúÑöíÚö ÇáúÃóãúÑö Úóáóì åóÐóÇ ÇáúÅöÎúÈóÇÑö¡ Ãóíú: áóÇ ÊóÊóÑóíøóËú ÚöäúÏó ÓóãóÇÚö ÎóÈóÑö ßõÝúÑöåöãú Úóäú Ãóäú ÊõÈóÇÏöÑó ÈöÇáÊøóÏóÈøõÑö ÝöíãóÇ ÓóäóÞõÕøõ Úóáóíúßó ãöäú ÚóÇÞöÈóÊöåöãú.
æóÇáúãóäúÙõæÑõ åõæó ÚóÇÞöÈóÊõåõãõ ÇáøóÊöí Ïóáøó ÚóáóíúåóÇ Þóæúáõåõ: ÝóÃóÛúÑóÞúäÇåõãú Ýöí Çáúíóãøö ÈöÃóäøóåõãú ßóÐøóÈõæÇ ÈöÂíÇÊöäÇ æóßÇäõæÇ ÚóäúåÇ ÛÇÝöáöíäó [ÇáúÃóÚúÑóÇÝ: 136] æóåóÐóÇ ÇáäøóÙóÑõ äóÙóÑõ ÇáúÚóÞúáö æóåõæó ÇáúÝößúÑõ ÇáúãõÄóÏøöí Åöáóì ÇáúÚöáúãö Ýóåõæó ãöäú ÃóÝúÚóÇáö ÇáúÞõáõæÈö.
æóÇáúÎØÇÈ ááäÈíÁ Õóáøóì Çááåõ Úóáóíúåö æóÓóáøóãó æóÇáúãõÑóÇÏõ åõæó æóãóäú íóÈúáõÛõåõ¡ Ãóæö ÇáúãõÎóÇØóÈõ ÛóíúÑõ ãõÚóíøóäò æóåõæó ßõáøõ ãóäú íóÊóÃóÊøóì ãöäúåõ ÇáäøóÙóÑõ æóÇáöÇÚúÊöÈóÇÑõ ÚöäúÏó ÓóãóÇÚö åóÐöåö ÇáúÂíóÇÊö¡ ÝóÇáÊøóÞúÏöíÑõ: ÝóÇäúÙõÑú ÃóíøõåóÇ ÇáäøóÇÙöÑõ¡ æóåóÐóÇ ÇÓúÊöÚúãóÇáñ ÔóÇÆöÚñ Ýöí ßõáøö ßóáóÇãò ãõæóÌøóåò áöÛóíúÑö ãõÚóíøóäò.
æóáóãøóÇ ßóÇäó ãóÇ Âáó Åöáóíúåö ÃóãúÑõ ÝöÑúÚóæúäö æóãóáóÆöåö ÍóÇáóÉð ÚóÌöíÈóÉð¡ ÚõÈøöÑó Úóäúåõ Èö (ßóíúÝó) ÇáúãóæúÖõæÚóÉö áöáÓøõÄóÇáö Úóäö ÇáúÍóÇáö¡ æóÇáöÇÓúÊöÝúåóÇãõ ÇáúãõÓúÊóÝóÇÏõ ãöäú (ßóíúÝó) íóÞúÊóÖöí ÊóÞúÏöíÑó ÔóíúÁò¡ Ãóíö: ÇäúÙõÑú ÚóÇÞöÈóÉó ÇáúãõÝúÓöÏöíäó ÇáøóÊöí íõÓúÃóáõ ÚóäúåóÇ ÈößóíúÝó.
æóÚõáøöÞó ÝöÚúáõ ÇáäøóÙóÑö Úóäö ÇáúÚóãóáö áöãóÌöíÁö ÇáöÇÓúÊöÝúåóÇãö ÈóÚúÏóåõ¡ ÝóÕóÇÑó ÇáÊøóÞúÏöíÑõ: ÝóÇäúÙõÑú¡ Ëõãøó ÇÝúÊóÊóÍó ßóáóÇãðÇ ÈöÌõãúáóÉö ßóíúÝó ßÇäó ÚÇÞöÈóÉõ ÇáúãõÝúÓöÏöíäó¡ æóÇáÊøóÞúÏöíÑõ Ýöí ÃóãúËóÇáöåö Ãóäú íõÞóÏøóÑó: ÝóÇäúÙõÑú ÌóæóÇÈó ßóíúÝó ßóÇäó ÚóÇÞöÈóÉõ ÇáúãõÝúÓöÏöíäó.
æóÇáúÚóÇÞöÈóÉõ: ÂÎöÑõ ÇáúÃóãúÑö æóäöåóÇíóÊõåõ¡ æóÞóÏú ÊóÞóÏøóãó ÚöäúÏó Þóæúáöåö ÊóÚóÇáóì: Þõáú ÓöíÑõæÇ Ýöí ÇáúÃóÑúÖö Ëõãøó ÇäúÙõÑõæÇ ßóíúÝó ßÇäó ÚÇÞöÈóÉõ ÇáúãõßóÐøöÈöíäó Ýöí ÓõæÑóÉö ÇáúÃóäúÚóÇãö [11] .
æóÇáúãõÑóÇÏõ ÈÇáãÝÓÏíä: ÝöÑúÚóæúä æãáÃå¡ Ýóåõæó ãöäó ÇáúÅöÙúåóÇÑö Ýöí ãóÞóÇãö ÇáúÅöÖúãóÇÑö ÊóäúÈöíåðÇ Úóáóì Ãóäøóåõãú ÃõÕöíÈõæÇ ÈöÓõæÁö ÇáúÚóÇÞöÈóÉö áößõÝúÑöåöãú æóÝóÓóÇÏöåöãú¡ æóÇáúßõÝúÑõ ÃóÚúÙóãõ ÇáúÝóÓóÇÏö áöÃóäøóåõ ÝóÓóÇÏõ(9/36)
æóÞóÇáó ãõæÓóì íóÇ ÝöÑúÚóæúäõ Åöäøöí ÑóÓõæáñ ãöäú ÑóÈøö ÇáúÚóÇáóãöíäó (104) ÍóÞöíÞñ Úóáóì Ãóäú áóÇ ÃóÞõæáó Úóáóì Çááøóåö ÅöáøóÇ ÇáúÍóÞøó ÞóÏú ÌöÆúÊõßõãú ÈöÈóíøöäóÉò ãöäú ÑóÈøößõãú ÝóÃóÑúÓöáú ãóÚöíó Èóäöí ÅöÓúÑóÇÆöíáó (105) ÞóÇáó Åöäú ßõäúÊó ÌöÆúÊó ÈöÂíóÉò ÝóÃúÊö ÈöåóÇ Åöäú ßõäúÊó ãöäó ÇáÕøóÇÏöÞöíäó (106) ÝóÃóáúÞóì ÚóÕóÇåõ ÝóÅöÐóÇ åöíó ËõÚúÈóÇäñ ãõÈöíäñ (107) æóäóÒóÚó íóÏóåõ ÝóÅöÐóÇ åöíó ÈóíúÖóÇÁõ áöáäøóÇÙöÑöíäó (108)
ÇáúÞóáúÈö íóäúÔóÃõ Úóäúåõ ÝóÓóÇÏõ ÇáúÃóÚúãóÇáö¡
æóÝöí ÇáúÍóÏöíËö: «ÃóáóÇ æóÅöäøó Ýöí ÇáúÌóÓóÏö ãõÖúÛóÉð ÅöÐóÇ ÕóáóÍóÊú ÕóáóÍó ÇáúÌóÓóÏõ ßõáøõåõ æóÅöÐóÇ ÝóÓóÏóÊú ÝóÓóÏó ÇáúÌóÓóÏõ ßõáøõåõ ÃóáóÇ æóåöí ÇáúÞáÈ» .
[104- 108]
[ÓõæÑóÉ ÇáúÃóÚúÑóÇÝ (7) : ÇáúÂíóÇÊ 104 Åöáóì 108]
æóÞÇáó ãõæÓì íóÇ ÝöÑúÚóæúäõ Åöäøöí ÑóÓõæáñ ãöäú ÑóÈøö ÇáúÚÇáóãöíäó (104) ÍóÞöíÞñ Úóáì Ãóäú áóÇ ÃóÞõæáó Úóáóì Çááøóåö ÅöáÇøó ÇáúÍóÞøó ÞóÏú ÌöÆúÊõßõãú ÈöÈóíøöäóÉò ãöäú ÑóÈøößõãú ÝóÃóÑúÓöáú ãóÚöíó Èóäöí ÅöÓúÑÇÆöíáó (105) ÞÇáó Åöäú ßõäúÊó ÌöÆúÊó ÈöÂíóÉò ÝóÃúÊö ÈöåÇ Åöäú ßõäúÊó ãöäó ÇáÕøóÇÏöÞöíäó (106) ÝóÃóáúÞì ÚóÕÇåõ ÝóÅöÐÇ åöíó ËõÚúÈÇäñ ãõÈöíäñ (107) æóäóÒóÚó íóÏóåõ ÝóÅöÐÇ åöíó ÈóíúÖÇÁõ áöáäøóÇÙöÑöíäó (108)
ÚõØöÝó Þóæúáõ ãõæÓóì ÈöÇáúæóÇæö¡ æóáóãú íõÝúÕóáú ÚóãøóÇ ÞóÈúáóåõ¡ ãóÚó Ãóäøó ÌõãúáóÉó åóÐóÇ ÇáúÞóæúáö ÈöãóäúÒöáóÉö ÇáúÈóíóÇäö áöÌõãúáóÉö ÈóÚóËúäÇ ãöäú ÈóÚúÏöåöãú ãõæÓì [ÇáúÃóÚúÑóÇÝ: 103] ¡ áöÃóäøóåõ áóãøóÇ ßóÇäó Þóæúáå: ÈöÂíÇÊöäÇ [ÇáúÃóÚúÑóÇÝ:
103] ÍóÇáðÇ ãöäú ãõæÓóì ÝóÞóÏú Ýõåöãó Ãóäøó ÇáúãóÞúÕõæÏó ÊóäúÙöíÑõ ÍóÇáö ÇáøóÐöíäó ÃõÑúÓöáó Åöáóíúåöãú ãõæÓóì ÈöÍóÇáö ÇáúÃõãóãö ÇáøóÊöí ãóÖóì ÇáúÅöÎúÈóÇÑõ ÚóäúåóÇ Ýöí ÇáúãõßóÇÈóÑóÉö Úóáóì ÇáÊøóßúÐöíÈö¡ ãóÚó ÙõåõæÑö ÂíóÇÊö ÇáÕøöÏúÞö¡ áöíóÊöãøó ÈöÐóáößó ÊóÔóÇÈõåõ ÍóÇáö ÇáúãóÇÖöíäó ãóÚó ÍóÇáö ÇáúÍóÇÖöÑöíäó ÇáãßÐÈíä ÈöãõÍóãÏ Õóáøóì Çááåõ Úóáóíúåö æóÓóáøóãó¡ ÝóÌõÚöáóÊú ÍößóÇíóÉõ ãõÍóÇæóÑóÉö ãõæÓóì ãóÚó ÝöÑúÚóæúäó æóãóáóÆöåö ÎóÈóÑðÇ ãõÓúÊóÞöáøðÇ áöÃóäøóåõ áóãú íõÍúßó Ýöíåö Þóæúáõåõ ÇáúãõÞóÇÑöäõ áöÅöÙúåóÇÑö ÇáúÂíóÉö Èóáú ÐõßöÑóÊö ÇáúÂíóÉõ ãöäú ÞóÈúáõ¡ ÈöÎöáóÇÝö ãóÇ Íõßöíó Ýöí ÇáúÞóÕóÕö ÇáøóÊöí ÞóÈúáóåóÇ ÝóÅöäøó ÍößóÇíóÉó ÃóÞúæóÇáö ÇáÑøõÓõáö ßóÇäóÊú ÞóÈúáó ÐößúÑö ÇáúÂíóÉö¡ æóáöÃóäøó ÇáúÞöÕøóÉó åõäóÇ ÞóÏú Íõßöíó ÌóãöíÚõåóÇ ÈöÇÎúÊöÕóÇÑò ÈÌãá ÈóÚóËúäÇ [ÇáúÃóÚúÑóÇÝ:
103] ¡ ÝóÙóáóãõæÇ [ÇáúÃóÚúÑóÇÝ: 103] ¡ ÝóÇäúÙõÑú [ÇáúÃóÚúÑóÇÝ: 103] ¡ ÝóÕóÇÑóÊú ÌõãúáóÉõ: ÞÇáó ÊóÝúÕöíáðÇ áöÈóÚúÖö ãóÇ ÊóÞóÏøóãó¡ ÝóáóÇ Êóßõæäõ ãóÝúÕõæáóÉð áöÃóäøó ÇáúÝóÕúáó ÅöäøóãóÇ íóßõæäõ Èóíúäó ÌõãúáóÊóíúäö¡ áóÇ Èóíúäó ÌõãúáóÉò æóÈóíúäó ÚöÏøóÉö Ìõãóáò ÃõÎúÑóì.
æóÇáÙøóÇåöÑõ Ãóäøó ÎöØóÇÈó ãõæÓóì ÝöÑúÚóæúäó ÈöÞóæúáöåö: íóÇ ÝöÑúÚóæúäõ ÎöØóÇÈõ ÅößúÑóÇãò áöÃóäøóåõ äóÇÏóÇåõ ÈöÇáöÇÓúãö ÇáÏøóÇáøö Úóáóì Çáúãõáúßö æóÇáÓøõáúØóÇäö ÈöÍóÓóÈö ãõÊóÚóÇÑóÝö ÃõãøóÊöåö ÝóáóíúÓó åõæó ÈöÊóÑóÝøõÚò Úóáóíúåö áöÃóäøó Çááøóåó ÊóÚóÇáóì ÞóÇáó áóåõ æóáöåóÇÑõæäó ÝóÞõæáÇ áóåõ ÞóæúáðÇ áóíøöäÇð [Øå: 44] ¡ æóÇáÙøóÇåöÑõ ÃóíúÖðÇ Ãóäøó Þóæúáó ãõæÓóì åóÐóÇ åõæó Ãóæøóáõ ãóÇ ÎóÇØóÈó Èöåö ÝöÑúÚóæúäó ßóãóÇ ÏóáøóÊú Úóáóíúåö ÓõæÑóÉõ Øå.(9/37)
æóÕóæúÛõ ÍößóÇíóÉö ßóáóÇãö ãõæÓóì ÈöÕöíÛóÉö ÇáÊøóÃúßöíÏö ÈöÍóÑúÝö (Åöäøó) áöÃóäøó ÇáúãõÎóÇØóÈó ãóÙöäøóÉõ ÇáúÅöäúßóÇÑö Ãóæö ÇáÊøóÑóÏøõÏö ÇáúÞóæöíøö Ýöí ÕöÍøóÉö ÇáúÎóÈóÑö.
æóÇÎúÊöíóÇÑõ ÕöÝóÉö ÑóÈøö ÇáúÚÇáóãöíäó Ýöí ÇáúÅöÚúáóÇãö ÈöÇáúãõÑúÓöáö ÅöÈúØóÇáñ áöÇÚúÊöÞóÇÏö ÝöÑúÚóæúäó Ãóäøóåõ ÑóÈøõ
ãöÕúÑó æóÃóåúáöåóÇ ÝóÅöäøóåõ ÞóÇáó áóåõãú: ÃóäóÇ ÑóÈøõßõãõ ÇáúÃóÚúáì [ÇáäÇÒÚÇÊ: 24] ÝóáóãøóÇ æóÕóÝó ãõæÓóì ãõÑúÓöáóåõ ÈöÃóäøóåõ ÑóÈøõ ÇáúÚóÇáóãöíäó Ôóãöáó ÝöÑúÚóæúäó æóÃóåúáó ãóãúáóßóÊöåö ÝóÊóÈúØõáõ ÏóÚúæóì ÝöÑúÚóæúä Ãóäå ÅáÇå ãöÕúÑó ÈöØóÑöíÞö ÇááøõÒõæãö¡ æóÏóÎóáó Ýöí Ðóáößó ÌóãöíÚõ ÇáúÈöáóÇÏö æóÇáúÚöÈóÇÏö ÇáøóÐöíäó áóãú íóßõäú ÝöÑúÚóæúäõ íóÏÚöí Ãóäå Åáååã ãöËúáõ ÇáúÝõÑúÓö æóÇáúÂÔõæÑöíøöíäó.
æóÞóæúáõåõ: ÍóÞöíÞñ Úóáì ÞóÑóÃóåõ äóÇÝöÚñ ÈöÇáúíóÇÁö Ýöí ÂÎöÑö (Úóáóíøó) Ýóåöíó íóÇÁõ ÇáúãõÊóßóáøöãö ÏóÎóáó ÚóáóíúåóÇ ÍóÑúÝõ (Úóáóì) æóÊóÚúÏöíóÉõ ÍóÞöíÞò ÈöÍóÑúÝö (Úóáóì) ãóÚúÑõæÝóÉñ. ÞóÇáó ÊóÚóÇáóì: ÝóÍóÞøó ÚóáóíúäÇ Þóæúáõ ÑóÈøöäÇ [ÇáÕøóÇÝøóÇÊö: 31] ¡ æóáöÃóä ÍÞíÞ ÈöãóÚúäóì æóÇÌöÈò ÝóÊóÚúÏöíóÊõåõ ÈöÍóÑúÝö Úóáóì æóÇÖöÍóÉñ¡ æÍóÞöíÞñ ÎóÈóÑñ ËóÇäò Úóäú Åöäøöí¡ ÝóáóíúÓó Ýöí ÖóãöíÑö ÇáúãõÊóßóáøöãö ãöäú Þóæúáöåö: (Úóáóíøó) Úóáóì ÞöÑóÇÁóÉö äóÇÝöÚò ÇáúÊöÝóÇÊñ¡ ÈöÎöáóÇÝö ãóÇ áóæú ÌõÚöáó Þóæúáõåõ: ÍóÞöíÞñ ÕöÝóÉð áö ÑóÓõæáñ ÝóÍöíäóÆöÐò íóßõæäõ ãõÞúÊóÖóì ÇáÙøóÇåöÑö ÇáúÅöÊúíóÇäó ÈöÖóãöíÑö ÇáúÛóÇÆöÈö¡ ÝóíóÞõæáõ: ÍóÞöíÞñ Úóáóíúåö¡ Ýóíóßõæäõ ÇáúÚõÏõæáõ Åöáóì ÇáÊøóßóáøõãö ÇáúÊöÝóÇÊðÇ¡ æóÝóÇÚöáõ ÍóÞöíÞñ åõæó ÇáúãóÕúÏóÑõ ÇáúãóÃúÎõæÐõ ãöäú Þóæúáöåö: Ãóäú áóÇ ÃóÞõæáó Ãóíú: ÍóÞöíÞñ Úóáóíøó ÚóÏóãõ Þóæúáöí Úóáóì Çááøóåö ÛóíúÑó ÇáúÍóÞøö.
æóÍóÞöíÞñ ÝóÚöíáñ ÈöãóÚúäóì ÝóÇÚöáò¡ æóåõæó ãõÔúÊóÞøñ ãöäú (ÍóÞøó) ÈöãóÚúäóì æóÌóÈó æóËóÈóÊó Ãóíú: ãõÊóÚóíøöäñ æóæóÇÌöÈñ Úóáóíøó Þóæúáõ ÇáúÍóÞøö Úóáóì Çááøóåö¡ æó (Úóáóì) ÇáúÃõæáóì áöáöÇÓúÊöÚúáóÇÁö ÇáúãóÌóÇÒöíøö æó (Úóáóì) ÇáËøóÇäöíóÉõ ÈöãóÚúäóì Úóäú¡ æóÞóÑóÃó ÇáúÌõãúåõæÑõ (Úóáóì) ÈöÃóáöÝò ÈóÚúÏó ÇááøóÇãö¡ æóåöíó (Úóáóì) ÇáúÌóÇÑøóÉõ.
ÝóÝöí ÊóÚóáøõÞö (Úóáóì) æóãóÌúÑõæÑöåóÇ ÇáÙøóÇåöÑö Èö ÍóÞöíÞñ ÊóÃúæöíáñ ÈöæõÌõæåò ÃóÍúÓóäõåóÇ Þóæúáõ ÇáúÝóÑøóÇÁö¡ æóÃóÈöí Úóáöíøò ÇáúÝóÇÑöÓöíøö: Ãóäøó (Úóáóì) åõäóÇ ÈöãóÚúäóì ÇáúÈóÇÁö æóÃóäøó ÍóÞöíÞñ ÝóÚöíáñ ÈöãóÚúäóì ãóÝúÚõæáò: Ãóíú ãóÍúÞõæÞñ ÈöÃóäú áóÇ ÃóÞõæáó Úóáóì Çááøóåö ÅöáøóÇ ÇáúÍóÞøó¡ Ãóíú: ãóÌúÚõæáñ Þóæúáõ ÇáúÍóÞøö ÍóÞøðÇ Úóáóíøó¡ ßóÞóæúáö ÇáúÃóÚúÔóì:
áóãóÍúÞõæÞóÉñ Ãóäú ÊóÓúÊóÌöíÈöí áöÞóæúáöåö Ãóíú ãóÍúÞõæÞóÉñ ÈöÃóäú ÊóÓúÊóÌöíÈöí¡ æóÞóæúáõ ÓóÚöíÏö Èúäö ÒóíúÏò «æóáóæú Ãóäøó ÃõÍõÏðÇ ÇäúÞóÖøó áöãóÇ ÕóäóÚúÊõãú ÈöÚõËúãóÇäó áóßóÇäó ãóÍúÞõæÞðÇ ÈöÃóäú íóäúÞóÖøó» .(9/38)
æóãöäúåóÇ ãóÇ ÞóÇáó ÕóÇÍöÈõ «ÇáúßóÔøóÇÝö» «æóÇáúÃóæúÌóåõ ÇáúÃóÏúÎóáõ Ýöí äõßóÊö ÇáúÞõÑúÂäö Ãóäú íõÛúÑöÞó ãõæÓóì Ýöí æóÕúÝö äóÝúÓöåö ÈöÇáÕøöÏúÞö Ýöí Ðóáößó ÇáúãóÞóÇãö ÝóíóÞõæáó: ÃóäóÇ ÍóÞöíÞñ Úóáóì Þóæúáö ÇáúÍóÞøö¡ Ãóíú: ÃóäóÇ æóÇÌöÈñ Úóáóì Þóæúáö ÇáúÍóÞøö Ãóäú Ãóßõæäó ÃóäóÇ ÞóÇÆöáóåõ æóÇáúÞóÇÆöãó Èöåö» . ÞóÇáó ÔóÇÑöÍõæåõ: ÝóÇáúãóÚúäóì áóæú ßóÇäó Þóæúáõ ÇáúÍóÞøö ÔóÎúÕðÇ ÚóÇÞöáðÇ áóßõäúÊõ ÃóäóÇ æóÇÌöÈðÇ Úóáóíúåö. Ãóäú áóÇ íóÕúÏõÑó ÅöáøóÇ Úóäøöí æóÃóäú Ãóßõæäó ÞóÇÆöáóåõ¡ æóåõæó Úóáóì åóÐóÇ ÇÓúÊöÚóÇÑóÉñ ÈöÇáúßöäóÇíóÉö: ÔõÈøöåó Þóæúáõ ÇáúÍóÞøö ÈöÇáúÚõÞóáóÇÁö ÇáøóÐöíäó íóÎúÊóÇÑõæäó ãóæóÇÑöÏóåõãú æóãóÕóÇÏöÑóåõãú.
æóÑõãöÒó Åöáóì ÇáúãõÔóÈøóåö Èöåö ÈöãóÇ åõæó ãöäú ÑóæóÇÏöÝöåö¡ æóåõæó ßóæúäõ ãóÇ íõäóÇÓöÈõåõ ãõÊóÚóíøóäðÇ Úóáóíúåö.
æóãöäúåóÇ ãóÇ Þöíáó: Öõãøöäó ÍóÞöíÞñ ãóÚúäóì ÍóÑöíÕò ÝóÚõÏøöíó ÈöÚóáóì ÅöÔóÇÑóÉð Åöáóì Ðóáößó ÇáÊøóÖúãöíäö æóÃóÍúÓóäõ ãöäú åóÐóÇ Ãóäú íõÖóãøóäó ÍóÞöíÞñ ãóÚúäóì ãóßöíäò æóÊóßõæäó (Úóáóì) ÇÓúÊöÚóÇÑóÉð áöáöÇÓúÊöÚúáóÇÁö ÇáúãóÌóÇÒöíøö.
æóÌõãúáóÉõ ÞóÏú ÌöÆúÊõßõãú ÈöÈóíøöäóÉò ãõÓúÊóÃúäóÝóÉñ ÇÓúÊöÆúäóÇÝðÇ ÈóíóÇäöíøðÇ¡ áöÃóäøó ãóÞóÇãó ÇáúÅöäúßóÇÑö ãöãøóÇ íõËöíÑõ ÓõÄóÇáó ÓóÇÆöáò Ãóäú íóÞõæáó åóÐöåö ÏóÚúæóì ÛóÑöíÈóÉñ ÊóÍúÊóÇÌõ Åöáóì ÈóíøöäóÉò.
æóÇáúÈóíøöäóÉõ: ÇáúÍõÌøóÉõ. æóÞóÏú ÊóÞóÏøóãó ÇáúßóáóÇãõ ÚóáóíúåóÇ ÚöäúÏó Þóæúáöåö ÊóÚóÇáóì: Þõáú Åöäøöí Úóáì ÈóíøöäóÉò ãöäú ÑóÈøöí Ýöí ÓõæÑóÉö ÇáúÃóäúÚóÇãö [57] . æóÇáúÍõÌøóÉõ åõäóÇ íóÌõæÒõ Ãóäú íóßõæäó ÇáúãõÑóÇÏõ ÈöåóÇ ÇáúÈóÑóÇåöíäó ÇáúÚóÞúáöíøóÉó Úóáóì ÕöÏúÞö ãóÇ ÌóÇÁó Èöåö ãõæÓóì ãöäó ÇáÊøóæúÍöíÏö æóÇáúåõÏóì¡ æóíóÌõæÒõ Ãóäú Êóßõæäó ÇáúãõÚúÌöÒóÉó ÇáÏøóÇáøóÉó Úóáóì ÕöÏúÞö ÇáÑøóÓõæáö. ÝóÚóáóì ÇáúæóÌúåö ÇáúÃóæøóáö Êóßõæäõ ÇáúÈóÇÁõ Ýöí Þóæúáöåö: ÈöÈóíøöäóÉò áöÊóÚúÏöíóÉö ÝöÚúáö ÇáúãóÌöíÁö¡ æóÚóáóì ÇáúæóÌúåö ÇáËøóÇäöí Êóßõæäõ ÇáúÈóÇÁõ áöáúãõáóÇÈóÓóÉö¡ æóÇáúãõÑóÇÏõ ÈöÇáúãõáóÇÈóÓóÉö ãõáóÇÈóÓóÉõ ÇáÊøóãóßøõäö ãöäú ÅöÙúåóÇÑö ÇáúãõÚúÌöÒóÉö ÇáøóÊöí ÃóÙúåóÑóåóÇ Çááøóåõ áóåõ ßóãóÇ Ýöí ÓõæÑóÉö Øóåó [17] æóãÇ Êöáúßó Èöíóãöíäößó íóÇ ãõæÓì. æóíõÍúÊóãóáõ ÇáúãóÚúäóì ÇáúÃóÚóãøõ ÇáÔøóÇãöáõ áöáäøóæúÚóíúäö Úóáóì ãóÇ íóÍúÊóãöáõåõ ßóáóÇãõ ãõæÓóì ÇáúãõÊóÑúÌóãõ Úóäúåõ åõäóÇ.
æóÇáúÝóÇÁõ Ýöí Þóæúáöåö ÝóÃóÑúÓöáú áöÊóÝúÑöíÚö ØóáóÈö ÊóÓúÑöíÍö Èóäöí ÅöÓúÑóÇÆöíáó Úóáóì ÊóÍóÞøõÞö ÇáÑøöÓóÇáóÉö Úóäú ÑóÈøö ÇáúÚóÇáóãöíäó¡ æóÇáöÇÓúÊöÚúÏóÇÏö áöÅöÙúåóÇÑö ÇáúÈóíøöäóÉö Úóáóì Ðóáößó¡ æóÞóÏú Èóäóì ãõæÓóì ßóáóÇãóåõ Úóáóì ãóÇ íóËöÞõ Èöåö ãöäú ÕöÏúÞö ÏóÚúæóÊöåö ãóÚó ÇáöÇÓúÊöÚúÏóÇÏö áöáÊøóÈúíöíäö Úóáóì Ðóáößó ÇáÕøöÏúÞö ÈöÇáúÈóÑóÇåöíäö Ãóæö ÇáúãõÚúÌöÒóÉö Åöäú ØóáóÈóåóÇ ÝöÑúÚóæúäõ áöÃóäøó ÔóÃúäó ÇáÑøõÓõáö Ãóäú áóÇ íóÈúÊóÏöÆõæÇ ÈöÅöÙúåóÇÑö ÇáúãõÚúÌöÒóÇÊö ÕóæúäðÇ áöãóÞóÇãö ÇáÑøöÓóÇáóÉö Úóäú ÊóÚúÑöíÖöåö áöáÊøóßúÐöíÈö¡ ßóãóÇ ÈóíøóäøóÇåõ ÚöäúÏó Þóæúáöåö ÊóÚóÇáóì: æóÃóÞúÓóãõæÇ ÈöÇááøóåö ÌóåúÏó ÃóíúãÇäöåöãú áóÆöäú ÌÇÁóÊúåõãú ÂíóÉñ áóíõÄúãöäõäøó ÈöåÇ ÇáúÂíóÇÊö Ýöí ÓõæÑóÉö ÇáúÃóäúÚóÇãö [109] .
æóÇáúÅöÑúÓóÇáõ: ÇáúÅöØúáóÇÞõ æóÇáÊøóÎúáöíóÉõ¡ ßóÞóæúáöåöãú: ÃóÑúÓóáóåóÇ ÇáúÚöÑóÇßó¡ æóåõæó åõäóÇ ãóÌóÇÒñ áõÛóæöíøñ Ýöí ÇáúÅöÐúäö áöÈóäöí ÅöÓúÑóÇÆöíáó ÈöÇáúÎõÑõæÌö¡ ÇáúãóØúáõæÈö ãöäú ÝöÑúÚóæúäó.(9/39)
æóÊóÞúíöíÏõåõ Èö ãóÚöíó áöÃóäøó ÇáúãóÞúÕõæÏó ãöäú ÅöÎúÑóÇÌöåöãú ãöäú ãöÕúÑó Ãóäú íóßõæäõæÇ ãóÚó ÇáÑøóÓõæáö áíÑÔÏåã æóíõÏÈÑ ÔÄæäåã.
æóÞóæúáõ ÝöÑúÚóæúäó: Åöäú ßõäúÊó ÌöÆúÊó ÈöÂíóÉò ÝóÃúÊö ÈöåÇ ãõÊóÚóíøöäñ áöÃóäú íóßõæäó ãóÚúäóÇåõ: Åöäú ßõäúÊó ÌöÆúÊó ÈöãõÚúÌöÒóÉò¡ ÝóÅöäøó ÃóßúËóÑó ãóæóÇÑöÏö ÇáúÂíóÉö Ýöí ÇáúÞõÑúÂäö ãõÑóÇÏñ Ýöíåö ÇáúãõÚúÌöÒóÉõ¡ æóÃóßúËóÑó ãóæóÇÑöÏö ÇáúÈóíøöäóÉö ãõÑóÇÏñ Ýöíåö ÇáúÍõÌøóÉõ¡ ÝóÇáúãõÑóÇÏõ ÈöÇáúÈóíøöäóÉö Ýöí Þóæúáö ãõæÓóì ÞóÏú ÌöÆúÊõßõãú ÈöÈóíøöäóÉò ãöäú ÑóÈøößõãú ÇáúÍõÌøóÉõ Úóáóì ÅöËúÈóÇÊö
ÇáúÅöáóåöíøóÉö æóÚóáóì ÍóÞöíøóÉö ãóÇ ÌóÇÁó Èöåö ãöäú ÅöÑúÔóÇÏò áöÞóæúãöåö¡ ÝóßóÇäó ÝöÑúÚóæúäõ ÛóíúÑó ãõÞúÊóäöÚò ÈöÈõÑúåóÇäö ÇáúÚóÞúáö Ãóæú ÞóÇÕöÑðÇ Úóäö ÇáäøóÙóÑö Ýöíåö ÝóÇäúÊóÞóáó Åöáóì ØóáóÈö ÎóÇÑöÞö ÇáúÚóÇÏóÉö¡ ÝóÇáúãóÚúäóì: Åöäú ßõäúÊó ÌöÆúÊóäóÇ ãõÊóãóßøöäðÇ ãöäú ÅöÙúåóÇÑö ÇáúãõÚúÌöÒóÇÊö¡ áöÃóäøó ÝöÑúÚóæúäó ÞóÇáó Ðóáößó ÞóÈúáó Ãóäú íõÙúåöÑó ãõæÓóì- Úóáóíúåö ÇáÓøóáóÇãõ- ãõÚúÌöÒóÊóåõ¡ ÝóÇáúÈóÇÁõ Ýöí Þóæúáöåö: ÈöÂíóÉò áöáúãóÚöíøóÉö ÇáÊøóÞúÏöíÑöíøóÉö¡ Ãóíú: ãõÊóãóßøöäðÇ ãöäú ÂíóÉò¡ Ãóæö ÇáúÈóÇÁõ áöáúãõáóÇÈóÓóÉö¡ æóÇáúãõáóÇÈóÓóÉõ ãóÚúäóÇåóÇ æóÇÓöÚñ¡ Ãóíú: áóßó Êóãúßöíäñ ãöäú ÅöÙúåóÇÑö ÂíóÉò.
æóÞóæúáõåõ: ÝóÃúÊö ÈöåÇ ÇÓúÊõÚúãöáó ÇáúÅöÊúíóÇäõ Ýöí ÇáúÅöÙúåóÇÑö ãóÌóÇÒðÇ ãõÑúÓóáðÇ¡ ÝóÇáúÈóÇÁõ Ýöí Þóæúáöåö:
ÈöåÇ áöÊóÚúÏöíóÉö ÝöÚúáö ÇáúÅöÊúíóÇäö¡ æóÈöÐóáößó íóÊøóÖöÍõ ÇÑúÊöÈóÇØõ ÇáúÌóÒóÇÁö ÈöÇáÔøóÑúØö¡ áöÃóäøó ÇáúÅöÊúíóÇäó ÈöÇáúÂíóÉö ÇáúãóÐúßõæÑóÉö Ýöí ÇáúÌóÒóÇÁö åõæó ÛóíúÑõ ÇáúãóÌöíÁö ÈöÇáúÂíóÉö ÇáúãóÐúßõæÑóÉö Ýöí ÇáÔøóÑúØö¡ Ãóíú: Åöäú ßõäúÊó ÌöÆúÊó ãõÊóãóßøöäðÇ ãöäú ÅöÙúåóÇÑö ÇáúÂíóÉö ÝóÃóÙúåöÑú åóÐöåö ÇáúÂíóÉó.
æóÇáúÅöáúÞóÇÁõ: ÇáÑøóãúíõ Úóáóì ÇáúÃóÑúÖö Ãóæú Ýöí ÇáúãóÇÁö Ãóæú äóÍúæõ Ðóáößó¡ Ãóíú: ÝóÑóãóì ÚóÕóÇåõ ãöäú íóÏöåö.
æó (ÅöÐóÇ) áöáúãõÝóÇÌóÃóÉö æóåöíó ÍõÏõæËõ ÇáúÍóÇÏöËö Úóäú ÛóíúÑö ÊóÑóÞøõÈò.
æóÇáËøõÚúÈóÇäõ: ÍóíøóÉñ ÚóÙöíãóÉñ¡ æãõÈöíäñ ÇÓúãõ ÝóÇÚöáò ãöäú ÃóÈóÇäó ÇáúÞóÇÕöÑö ÇáúãõÑóÇÏöÝö áöÈóÇäó¡ Ãóíú ÙóåóÑó¡ Ãóíö: ÇáÙøóÇåöÑõ ÇáøóÐöí áóÇ Ôóßøó Ýöíåö æóáóÇ ÊóÎóíøõáó.
æóäóÒóÚó: ÃóÒóÇáó ÇÊøöÕóÇáó ÔóíúÁò Úóäú ÔóíúÁ¡ æóãöäúå äæÚ ËóæúÈóåõ¡ æóÇáúãóÚúäóì åõäóÇ Ãóäøóåõ ÃóÎúÑóÌó íóÏóåõ ãöäú ÌóíúÈö ÞóãöíÕöåö ÈóÚúÏó Ãóäú ÃóÏúÎóáóåóÇ Ýöí ÌóíúÈöåö ßóãóÇ Ýöí ÓõæÑóÉö Çáäøóãúáö æóÓõæÑóÉö ÇáúÞóÕóÕö ÝóáóãøóÇ ÃóÎúÑóÌóåóÇ ÕóÇÑóÊú ÈóíúÖóÇÁó¡ Ãóíú ÈóíóÇÖðÇ ãöäó ÇáäøõæÑö.
æóÞóÏú Ïóáøó Úóáóì åóÐóÇ ÇáúÈóíóÇÖö Þóæúáõåõ: áöáäøóÇÙöÑöíäó¡ Ãóíú ÈóíóÇÖðÇ íóÑóÇåõ ÇáäøóÇÙöÑõæäó ÑõÄúíóÉó ÊóÚóÌøõÈò ãöäú ÈóíóÇÖöåóÇ. ÝóÇáúãóÞúÕõæÏõ ãöäú ÐößúÑö Þóæúáöåö: áöáäøóÇÙöÑöíäó ÊóÊúãöíãõ ãóÚúäóì ÇáúÈóíóÇÖö.
æóÇááøóÇãõ Ýöí Þóæúáöåö: áöáäøóÇÙöÑöíäó áóãú íõÚóÑøöÌö ÇáúãõÝóÓøöÑõæäó Úóáóì ÈóíóÇäö ãóÚúäóÇåóÇ æóãóæúÞöÚöåóÇ Óöæóì Ãóäøó ÕóÇÍöÈó «ÇáúßóÔøóÇÝö» ÞóÇáó: «íóÊóÚóáøóÞõ áöáäøóÇÙöÑöíäó ÈöÈóíúÖóÇÁó» Ïõæäó Ãóäú íõÈóíøöäó äóæúÚó ÇáÊøóÚóáøõÞö æóáóÇ ãóÚúäóì(9/40)
ÞóÇáó ÇáúãóáóÃõ ãöäú Þóæúãö ÝöÑúÚóæúäó Åöäøó åóÐóÇ áóÓóÇÍöÑñ Úóáöíãñ (109) íõÑöíÏõ Ãóäú íõÎúÑöÌóßõãú ãöäú ÃóÑúÖößõãú ÝóãóÇÐóÇ ÊóÃúãõÑõæäó (110) ÞóÇáõæÇ ÃóÑúÌöåú æóÃóÎóÇåõ æóÃóÑúÓöáú Ýöí ÇáúãóÏóÇÆöäö ÍóÇÔöÑöíäó (111) íóÃúÊõæßó Èößõáøö ÓóÇÍöÑò Úóáöíãò (112)
ÇááøóÇãö¡ æóÓóßóÊó Úóáóíúåö «ÔõÑøóÇÍõåõ» æóÇáúÈóíúÖóÇæöíøõ¡ æóÙóÇåöÑõ Þóæúáöåö íóÊóÚóáøóÞõ Ãóäøóåõ ÙóÑúÝõ áóÛúæò ÊóÚóáøóÞó ÈöÈóíúÖóÇÁó ÝóáóÚóáøóåõ áöãóÇ Ýöí ÈóíúÖóÇÁó ãöäú ãóÚúäóì ÇáúÝöÚúáö ßóÃóäøóåõ Þöíáó: ÇÈúíóÖøóÊú áöáäøóÇÙöÑöíäó ßóãóÇ íóÊóÚóáøóÞõ ÇáúãóÌúÑõæÑõ ÈöÇáúãõÔúÊóÞøö ÝóÊóÚóíøóäó Ãóäú íóßõæäó ãóÚúäóì ÇááøóÇãö åõæó ãóÇ ÓóãøóÇåõ ÇÈúäõ ãóÇáößò ÈöãóÚúäóì ÇáÊøóÚúÏöíóÉö æóåõæó íõÑöíÏõ Èöåö ÊóÚúÏöíóÉð ÎóÇÕøóÉð (áóÇ ãõØúáóÞó ÇáÊøóÚúÏöíóÉö Ãóíú ÊóÚúÏöíóÉó ÇáúÝöÚúáö ÇáúÞóÇÕöÑö Åöáóì ãóÇ áóÇ íóÊóÚóÏøóì áóåõ ÈöÃóÕúáö æóÖúÚöåö áöÃóäøó Ðóáößó ÍóÇÕöáñ Ýöí ÌóãöíÚö ÍõÑõæÝö ÇáúÌóÑøö¡ ÝóáóÇ Ôóßøó Ãóäøóåõ ÃóÑóÇÏó ÊóÚúÏöíóÉð ÎóÇÕøóÉð áóãú íõÈóíøöäú ÍóÞöíÞóÊóåóÇ. æóÞóÏú ãóËøóáó áóåóÇ Ýöí «ÔóÑúÍö ÇáúßóÇÝöíóÉö» ÈöÞóæúáöåö ÊóÚóÇáóì: ÝóåóÈú áöí ãöäú áóÏõäúßó æóáöíøðÇ [ãóÑúíóã: 5] æóÌóÚóáó Ýöí «ÔóÑúÍö ÇáÊøóÓúåöíáö»
åóÐóÇ ÇáúãöËóÇáó ãöËóÇáðÇ áöãóÚúäóì ÔöÈúåö Çáúãöáúßö¡ æóÇÎúÊóÇÑó ÇÈúäõ åöÔóÇãò Ãóäú íõãóËøóáó áöáÊøóÚúÏöíóÉö ÈöäóÍúæö ãóÇ ÃóÖúÑóÈó ÒóíúÏðÇ áöÚóãúÑòæ.
æóáóãú íõÝúÕöÍõæÇ Úóäú åóÐöåö ÇáÊøóÚúÏöíóÉö ÇáúÎóÇÕøóÉö ÈöÇááøóÇãö¡ æóíóÙúåóÑõ áöí ÃóäøóåóÇ Úóãóáñ áóÝúÙöíøñ ãóÍúÖñ¡ Ãóíú áóÇ íõÝöíÏõ ãóÚúäðì ÌõÒúÆöíøðÇ ßóãóÚóÇäöí ÇáúÍõÑõæÝö¡ ÝóÊóÍóÕøóáó Ãóäøóåõãú Ýöí ÇÑúÊöÈóÇßò Ýöí ÊóÍúÞöíÞö ãóÚúäóì ÇáÊøóÚúÏöíóÉö¡ æóÚöäúÏöí Ãóäøó Þóæúáóåõ ÊóÚóÇáóì: ÈóíúÖÇÁõ áöáäøóÇÙöÑöíäó ÃóÍúÓõäõ ãóÇ íõãóËøóáõ Èöåö áößóæúäö ÇááøóÇãö áöáÊøóÚúÏöíóÉö æóÃóäú äõÝóÓøöÑó åóÐóÇ ÇáúãóÚúäóì ÈöÃóäøóåõ ÊóÞúÑöíÈõ ÇáúãõÊóÚóáøöÞö ÈößóÓúÑ ÇááøóÇã áãÊÚáøÞ ÈöÝóÊúÍö ÇááøóÇãö ÊóÞúÑöíÈðÇ áóÇ íóÌúÚóáõåõ Ýöí ãóÚúäóì ÇáúãóÝúÚõæáö Èöåö.
æóÅöäú ÔöÆúÊó ÅöÑúÌóÇÚó ãóÚúäóì ÇáÊøóÚúÏöíóÉö Åöáóì ÃóÕúáò ãöäó ÇáúãóÚóÇäöí ÇáúãóÔúåõæÑóÉö áöáøóÇãö¡ ÝóÇáÙøóÇåöÑõ ÃóäøóåóÇ ãöäú ÝõÑõæÚö ãóÚúäóì ÔöÈúåö Çáúãöáúßö ßóãóÇ ÇÞúÊóÖóÇåõ ÌóÚúáõ ÇÈúäö ãóÇáößò ÇáúãöËóÇáó ÇáøóÐöí ãóËøóáó Èöåö áöáÊøóÚúÏöíóÉö ãöËóÇáðÇ áöÔöÈúåö Çáúãöáúßö.
æóÃóÞúÑóÈõ ãöäú Ðóáößó Ãóäú Êóßõæäó ÇááøóÇãõ ÈöãóÚúäóì (ÚöäúÏó) æóíóßõæäó ãõÝóÇÏõ Þóæúáöåö ÊóÚóÇáóì: ÈóíúÖÇÁõ áöáäøóÇÙöÑöíäó ÃóäøóåóÇ ÈóíúÖóÇÁõ ÈóíóÇÖðÇ ãõÓúÊóÞöÑøðÇ Ýöí ÃóäúÙóÇÑö ÇáäøóÇÙöÑöíäó æóíóßõæäõ ÇáÙøóÑúÝõ ãõÓúÊóÞöÑøðÇ íõÌúÚóáõ ÍóÇáðÇ ãöäú ÖãíÑ íóÏå.
[109- 112]
[ÓõæÑóÉ ÇáúÃóÚúÑóÇÝ (7) : ÇáúÂíóÇÊ 109 Åöáóì 112]
ÞÇáó ÇáúãóáóÃõ ãöäú Þóæúãö ÝöÑúÚóæúäó Åöäøó åóÐóÇ áóÓÇÍöÑñ Úóáöíãñ (109) íõÑöíÏõ Ãóäú íõÎúÑöÌóßõãú ãöäú ÃóÑúÖößõãú ÝóãÇÐÇ ÊóÃúãõÑõæäó (110) ÞÇáõæÇ ÃóÑúÌöåú æóÃóÎÇåõ æóÃóÑúÓöáú Ýöí ÇáúãóÏÇÆöäö ÍÇÔöÑöíäó (111) íóÃúÊõæßó Èößõáøö ÓÇÍöÑò Úóáöíãò (112)
ÌóÑóÊú ÌõãúáóÉõ: ÞÇáó ÇáúãóáóÃõ Úóáóì ØóÑöíÞóÉö ÇáúÝóÕúáö áöÃóäøóåóÇ ÌóÑóÊú Ýöí ØóÑöíÞ ÇáãÍÇæÑÉ ÇáúÌóÇÑöíóÉö Èóíúäó ãõæÓóì æóÈóíúäó ÝöÑúÚóæúäó æóãóáóÆöåö ÝóÅöäøóåõ ÍöæóÇÑñ æóÇÍöÏñ.
æóÊóÞóÏøóãó ÇáúßóáóÇãõ Úóáóì ÇáúãóáóÃö ÂäöÝðÇ Ýöí ÇáúÞóÕóÕö ÇáúãóÇÖöíóÉö¡ ÝóãóáóÃõ Þóæúãö ÝöÑúÚóæúäó åõãú ÓóÇÏóÊõåõãú æóåõãú Ãóåúáõ ãóÌúáöÓö ÝöÑúÚóæúäó æóãóÔõæÑóÊöåö¡ æóÞóÏú ßóÇäóÊú ÏóÚúæóÉõ ãõæÓóì Ãóæøóáó ÇáúÃóãúÑö ÞóÇÕöÑóÉð Úóáóì(9/41)
ÝöÑúÚóæúäó Ýöí ãóÌúáöÓöåö Ýóáóãú íóßõäú ÈöãóÑúÃðì æóãóÓúãóÚò ãöäó ÇáúÚóÇãøóÉö áöÃóäøó Çááøóåó ÊóÚóÇáóì ÞóÇáó Ýöí ÂíóÉò ÃõÎúÑóì ÇÐúåóÈÇ Åöáì ÝöÑúÚóæúäó Åöäøóåõ ØóÛì [Øå: 43] æóÞóÇáó Ýöí åóÐöåö ÇáúÂíóÉö: Åöáì ÝöÑúÚóæúäó æóãóáóÇÆöåö [ÇáúÃóÚúÑóÇÝ: 103] æóÅöäøóãóÇ ÃõÔúåöÑóÊú ÏóÚúæóÊõåõ Ýöí ÇáúãóÑøóÉö ÇáúÂÊöíóÉö ÈóÚúÏó ÇÌúÊöãóÇÚö ÇáÓøóÍóÑóÉö.
æóÅöäøóãóÇ ÞóÇáõæÇ åóÐóÇ ÇáúßóáóÇãó Úóáóì æóÌúåö ÇáÔøõæÑóì ãóÚó ÝöÑúÚóæúäó æóÇÓúÊöäúÈóÇØö ÇáöÇÚúÊöÐóÇÑö áöÃóäúÝõÓöåöãú Úóäú ÞöíóÇãö ÍõÌøóÉö ãõæÓóì Ýöí æõÌõæåöåöãú ÝóÇÚúÊóáøõæÇ áöÃóäúÝõÓöåöãú ÈóÚúÖõåõãú áöÈóÚúÖò ÈöÃóäøó ãõæÓóì ÅöäøóãóÇ åõæó ÓóÇÍöÑñ
Úóáöíãñ ÈöÇáÓøöÍúÑö ÃóÙúåóÑó áóåõãú ãóÇ áóÇ ÚóåúÏó áóåõãú ÈöãöËúáöåö ãöäú ÃóÚúãóÇáö ÇáÓøóÍóÑóÉö¡ æóåóÐóÇ ÇáúÞóæúáõ ÞóÏú ÃóÚúÑóÈó Úóäú ÑóÃúíö ÌóãöíÚö Ãóåúáö ãóÌúáöÓö ÝöÑúÚóæúäó¡ ÝóÝöÑúÚóæúäõ ßóÇäó ãõÔóÇÑößðÇ áóåõãú Ýöí åóÐóÇ áöÃóäøó ÇáúÞõÑúÂäó Íóßóì Úóäú ÝöÑúÚóæúäó Ýöí ÛóíúÑö åóÐöåö ÇáÓøõæÑóÉö Ãóäøóåõ ÞóÇáó áöáúãóáóÃö Íóæúáóåõ Åöäøó åóÐóÇ áóÓÇÍöÑñ Úóáöíãñ¡ æóåóÐöåö ÇáúãóÚúÐöÑóÉõ ÞÏ ÇäÊÍáæåÇ æÊæÇØÃæÇ ÚóáóíúåóÇ ÊóÈöÚõæÇ ÝöíåóÇ ãóáößóåõãú Ãóæú ÊóÈöÚóåõãú ÝöíåóÇ¡ Ýóßõáøõ æóÇÍöÏò ãöäú Ãóåúáö Ðóáößó ÇáúãóÌúáöÓö ÞóÏú æóØøóäó äóÝúÓóåõ Úóáóì åóÐóÇ ÇáöÇÚúÊöÐóÇÑö æóáöÐóáößó ÝóÇáúÎöØóÇÈõ Ýöí Þóæúáöåö: íõÎúÑöÌóßõãú ãöäú ÃóÑúÖößõãú ÝóãÇÐÇ ÊóÃúãõÑõæäó ÎöØóÇÈõ ÈóÚúÖöåöãú áöÈóÚúÖò æóåõæó ÍóÇÕöáñ ãöäú ØóæóÇÆöÝö Ðóáößó ÇáúãóáóÃö áöØóæóÇÆöÝó íõÑóÏøöÏõæäóåõ Èóíúäóåõãú æóíóÞõæáõåõ ÈóÚúÖõåõãú áöÈóÚúÖò.
æóæóÌúåõ ÇÓúÊöÝóÇÏóÊöåöãú Ãóäøó ãõæÓóì íõÑöíÏõ ÅöÎúÑóÇÌóåõãú ãöäú ÃóÑúÖöåöãú¡ ÅöãøóÇ Ãóäøóåõãú ÞóÇÓõæÇ Ðóáößó Úóäú Þóæúáö ãõæÓóì ÝóÃóÑúÓöáú ãóÚöíó Èóäöí ÅöÓúÑÇÆöíáó [ÇáúÃóÚúÑóÇÝ: 105] ÈöÞóÇÚöÏóÉö ãóÇ ÌóÇÒó Úóáóì ÇáúãöËúáö íóÌõæÒõ Úóáóì ÇáúãõãóÇËöáö¡ íóÚúäõæäó Ãóäøóåõ ãóÇ ÃóÙúåóÑó ÅöÎúÑóÇÌó Èóäöí ÅöÓúÑóÇÆöíáó ÅöáøóÇ ÐóÑöíÚóÉð áöÅöÎúÑóÇÌö ßõáøö ãóäú íõÄãä Èöåö áíÊÎÏåã ÊóÈóÚðÇ æóíõÞöíãó Èöåöãú ãõáúßðÇ ÎóÇÑöÌó ãöÕúÑó. ÝóÒóÚóãõæÇ Ãóäøó Êöáúßó ãóßöíÏóÉñ ãöäú ãõæÓóì áöËóáúãö ãõáúßö ÝöÑúÚóæúäó.
æóÅöãøóÇ Ãóäú íóßõæäó ãóáóÃõ ÝöÑúÚóæúäó ãõÍúÊóæöíðÇ Úóáóì ÑöÌóÇáò ãöäú Èóäöí ÅöÓúÑóÇÆöíáó ßóÇäõæÇ ãõÞóÑøóÈöíäó ÚöäúÏó ÝöÑúÚóæúäó æóãöäú Ãóåúáö ÇáÑøóÃúíö Ýöí ÇáúãóãúáóßóÉö¡ Ýóåõãõ ÇáúãóÞúÕõæÏõ ÈöÇáúÎöØóÇÈö¡ Ãóíú: íõÑöíÏõ ÅöÎúÑóÇÌó Þóæúãößõãú ãöäú ÃóÑúÖößõãõ ÇáøóÊöí ÇÓúÊóæúØóäúÊõãõæåóÇ ÃóÑúÈóÚóÉó ÞõÑõæäò æóÕóÇÑóÊú áóßõãú ãóæúØöäðÇ ßóãóÇ åöíó áöáúãöÕúÑöíøöíäó¡ æóãóÞúÕöÏõåõãú ãöäú Ðóáößó ÊóÐúßöíÑõåõãú ÈöÍõÈøö æóØóäöåöãú¡ æóÊóÞúÑöíÈõåõãú ãöäú ÃóäúÝõÓöåöãú¡ æóÅöäúÓóÇÄõåõãú ãóÇ ßóÇäõæÇ íóáúÞóæúäó ãöäó ÇÖúØöåóÇÏö ÇáúÞöÈúØö æóÇÓúÊöÐúáóÇáöåöãú¡ ÔõÚõæÑðÇ ãöäúåõãú ÈöÍóÑóÇÌóÉö ÇáúãóæúÞöÝö.
æóÅöãøóÇ Ãóäøóåõãú ÚóáöãõæÇ Ãóäøóåõ ÅöÐóÇ ÔóÇÚó Ýöí ÇáúÃõãøóÉö ÙõåõæÑõ ÍõÌøóÉö ãõæÓóì æóÚóÌúÒõ ÝöÑúÚóæúäó æóãóáóÆöåö ÃóÏúÎóáó Ðóáößó ÝöÊúäóÉð Ýöí ÚóÇãøóÉö ÇáúÃõãøóÉö ÝóÂãóäõæÇ ÈöãõæÓóì æóÃóÕúÈóÍó åõæó Çáúãóáößó Úóáóì ãöÕúÑó ÝóÃóÎúÑóÌó ÝöÑúÚóæúäó æóãóáóÃóåõ ãöäúåóÇ.
æóíóÌõæÒõ Ãóäú íóßõæäó ÇáúãóáóÃõ ÎóÇØóÈõæÇ ÈöÐóáößó ÝöÑúÚóæúäó. ÝóÌóÑóÊú ÖóãóÇÆöÑõ ÇáúÎöØóÇÈö Ýöí Þóæúáöåö: Ãóäú íõÎúÑöÌóßõãú ãöäú ÃóÑúÖößõãú Úóáóì ÕöíÛóÉö ÇáúÌóãúÚö ÊóÚúÙöíãðÇ áöáúãóáößö ßóãóÇ Ýöí Þóæúáöåö ÊóÚóÇáóì:(9/42)
ÞÇáó ÑóÈøö ÇÑúÌöÚõæäö [ÇáúãõÄúãöäõæäó: 99] æóåóÐóÇ ÇÓúÊöÚúãóÇáñ ãõØøóÑöÏñ.
æóÇáúÃóãúÑõ ÍóÞöíÞóÊõåõ ØóáóÈõ ÇáúÝöÚúáö¡ ÝóãóÚúäóì ÝóãÇÐÇ ÊóÃúãõÑõæäó ãóÇÐóÇ ÊóØúáõÈõæäó Ãóäú äóÝúÚóáó¡ æóÞóÇáó ÌóãóÇÚóÉñ ãöäú Ãóåúáö ÇááøõÛóÉö: ÛóáóÈó ÇÓúÊöÚúãóÇáõ ÇáúÃóãúÑö Ýöí ÇáØøóáóÈö ÇáÕøóÇÏöÑö ãöäó ÇáúÚóáöíøö Åöáóì ãóäú Ïõæäóåõ ÝóÅöÐóÇ ÇáúÊõÒöãó åóÐóÇ ßóÇäó ÅöØúáóÇÞõåõ åõäóÇ Úóáóì æóÌúåö ÇáÊøóáóØøõÝö ãóÚó ÇáúãõÎóÇØóÈöíäó¡ æóÃóíøðÇ ãóÇ ßóÇäó ÝóÇáúãóÞúÕõæÏõ ãöäúåõ ÇáØøóáóÈõ Úóáóì æóÌúåö ÇáúÅöÝúÊóÇÁö æóÇáöÇÔúÊöæóÇÑö áöÃóäøó ÃóãúÑóåõãú áóÇ íóÊóÚóíøóäõ ÇáúÚóãóáõ Èöåö¡ ÝóÅöÐóÇ ßóÇäó ÇáúãõÎóÇØóÈõ
ÝöÑúÚóæúäó Úóáóì ãóÇ ÊóÞóÏøóãó¡ ßóÇäó ãõÑóÇÏðÇ ãöäó ÇáúÃóãúÑö ÇáØøóáóÈõ ÇáøóÐöí íóÌöÈõ ÇãúÊöËóÇáõåõ ßóãóÇ ÞóÇáó ãóáóÃõ ÈöáúÞöíÓó:
ÝóÇäúÙõÑöí ãóÇÐóÇ ÊóÃúãõÑöíäó [Çáäøóãúá: 33] .
æóÇáÓøóÇÍöÑõ ÝóÇÚöáõ ÇáÓøöÍúÑö¡ æóÊóÞóÏøóãó ÇáúßóáóÇãõ Úóáóì ÇáÓøöÍúÑö ÚöäúÏó Þóæúáöåö ÊóÚóÇáóì: íõÚóáøöãõæäó ÇáäøóÇÓó ÇáÓøöÍúÑó Ýöí ÓõæÑóÉö ÇáúÈóÞóÑóÉö [102] .
æóÌõãúáóÉõ: ÞÇáõæÇ ÃóÑúÌöåú ÌóæóÇÈõ ÇáúÞóæúã ÇáãÓÊÔÇÑíä¡ ÝÊÌÑ íóÏåóÇ ãöäú ÍóÑúÝö ÇáúÚóØúÝö áöÌóÑóíóÇäöåóÇ Ýöí ØóÑöíÞö ÇáúãõÍóÇæóÑóÉö¡ Ãóíú: ÝóÃóÌóÇÈó ÈóÚúÖõ ÇáúãóáóÃö ÈöÅöÈúÏóÇÁö ÑóÃúíò áöÝöÑúÚóæúäó ÝöíãóÇ íóÊóÚóíøóäõ Úóáóíúåö ÇÊøöÎóÇÐõåõ. æóíóÌõæÒõ Ãóäú Êóßõæäó ÌõãúáóÉõ: ÞÇáõæÇ ÃóÑúÌöåú ÈóÏóáðÇ ãöäú ÌõãúáóÉö: ÞÇáó ÇáúãóáóÃõ ãöäú Þóæúãö ÝöÑúÚóæúäó ÈöÅöÚóÇÏóÉö ÝöÚúáö ÇáúÞóæúáö æóåõæó ÇáúÚóÇãöáõ Ýöí ÇáúãõÈúÏóáö ãöäúåõ ÅöÐóÇ ßóÇäó ÝöÑúÚóæúäõ åõæó ÇáúãóÞúÕõæÏó ÈöÞóæúáöåöãú: ÝóãÇÐÇ ÊóÃúãõÑõæäó.
æóÝöÚúáõ ÃóÑúÌöåú ÃóãúÑñ ãöäó ÇáúÅöÑúÌóÇÁö æóåõæó ÇáÊøóÃúÎöíÑõ. ÞóÑóÃóåõ äóÇÝöÚñ¡ æóÚóÇÕöãñ¡ æóÇáúßöÓóÇÆöíøõ æóÃóÈõæ ÌóÚúÝóÑò ÃóÑúÌöåú- ÈöÌöíãò Ëõãøó åóÇÁò- æóÃóÕúáõåõ (ÃóÑúÌöÆúåõ) ÈöåóãúÒóÉò ÈóÚúÏó ÇáúÌöíãö ÝóÓõåøöáóÊö ÇáúåóãúÒóÉõ ÊóÎúÝöíÝðÇ¡ ÝóÕóÇÑóÊú íóÇÁð ÓóÇßöäóÉð¡ æóÚõæãöáóÊú ãõÚóÇãóáóÉó ÍóÑúÝö ÇáúÚöáøóÉö Ýöí ÍóÇáóÉö ÇáúÃóãúÑö¡ æóÞóÑóÃóåõ ÇáúÈóÇÞõæäó- ÈöÇáúåóãúÒö ÓóÇßöäðÇ Úóáóì ÇáúÃóÕúáö- æóáóåõãú Ýöí ÍóÑóßóÇÊö åóÇÁö ÇáúÛóíúÈóÉö æóÅöÔúÈóÇÚöåóÇ æõÌõæåñ ãõÞóÑøóÑóÉñ Ýöí Úöáúãö ÇáúÞöÑóÇÁóÇÊö.
æóÇáúãóÚúäóì: ÃóÎøöÑú ÇáúãõÌóÇÏóáóÉó ãóÚó ãõæÓóì Åöáóì ÅöÍúÖóÇÑö ÇáÓøóÍóÑóÉö ÇáøóÐöíäó íõÏóÇÝöÚõæäó ÓöÍúÑóåõ¡ æóÍóßóì ÇáúÞõÑúÂäõ ÐößúÑó ÇáúÃóÎö åõäóÇ áöáúÅöÔóÇÑóÉö Åöáóì Ãóäøóåõ Øõæöíó ÐößúÑõåõ Ýöí Ãóæøóáö ÇáúÞöÕøóÉö¡ æóÞóÏú ÐõßöÑó Ýöí ÛóíúÑö åóÐöåö ÇáúÞöÕøóÉö ÇÈúÊöÏóÇÁð.
æóÚõÏøöíó ÝÚá ÇáúÅöÑúÓóÇá (ÈÝí) Ïõæäó (Åöáóì) áöÃóäøó ÇáúÝöÚúáó åõäóÇ ÛóíúÑõ ãóÞúÕõæÏò ÊóÚúÏöíóÊõåõ Åöáóì ÇáúãõÑúÓóáö Åöáóíúåöãú Èóáö ÇáúãóÞúÕõæÏõ ãöäúåõ ÇáúãõÑúÓóáõæäó ÎóÇÕøóÉð. æóåõæó ÇáúãóÝúÚõæáõ ÇáúÃóæøóáõ. ÅöÐö ÇáúãóÚúäóì: æóÃóÑúÓöáú ÍóÇÔöÑöíäó Ýöí ÇáúãóÏóÇÆöäö íóÃúÊõæßó ÈöÇáÓøóÍóÑóÉö¡ ÝóÚõáöãó Ãóäøóåõãú ãõÑúÓóáõæäó áöáúÈóÍúËö æóÇáúÌóáúÈö. áóÇ áöáúÅöÈúáóÇÛö(9/43)
æóåóÐóÇ ÞóÑöíÈñ ãöäú Þóæúáöåö ÊóÚóÇáóì: ÝóÃóÑúÓóáúäÇ Ýöíåöãú ÑóÓõæáðÇ ãöäúåõãú Ýöí ÓõæÑóÉö ÇáúãõÄúãöäöíäó [32] ¡ ÞóÇáó Ýöí «ÇáúßóÔøóÇÝö» åõäóÇáößó: «áóãú íÚÏ ÇáúÝöÚúá ÈóÞöí ãöËúáó ãóÇ íõÚóÏøóì ÈöÅöáóì¡ æóáóßöäøó ÇáúÃõãøóÉó ÌõÚöáóÊú ãóæúÖöÚðÇ áöáúÅöÑúÓóÇáö ßóãóÇ ÞóÇáó ÑõÄúÈóÉõ:
ÃóÑúÓóáúÊó ÝöíåóÇ ãõÕúÚóÈðÇ ÐóÇ ÅöÞúÍóÇãò (1)
æóÞóÏú ÌóÇÁó (ÈóÚóËó) Úóáóì Ðóáößó Ýöí Þóæúáöåö: æóáóæú ÔöÆúäÇ áóÈóÚóËúäÇ Ýöí ßõáøö ÞóÑúíóÉò äóÐöíÑÇð [ÇáúÝÑúÞóÇä:
51] ¡ æóÞóÏú ÊóÞóÏøóãó ÂäöÝðÇ ÞóÑöíÈñ ãöäúåõ ÚöäúÏó Þóæúáöåö ÊóÚóÇáóì: æóãÇ ÃóÑúÓóáúäÇ Ýöí ÞóÑúíóÉò ãöäú äóÈöíøò [ÇáúÃóÚúÑóÇÝ:
94] .
æóÇáúãóÏóÇÆöäõ: ÌóãúÚõ ãóÏöíäóÉò¡ æóåöíó ÈöæóÒúäö ÝóÚöíáóÉò¡ ãõÔúÊóÞøóÉñ ãöäú ãóÏóäó ÈöÇáúãóßóÇäö ÅöÐóÇ ÃóÞóÇãó æóáóÚóáøó (ãóÏóäó) åõæó ÇáúãõÔúÊóÞøõ ãöäó ÇáúãóÏöíäóÉö áóÇ ÇáúÚóßúÓõ¡ æóÃóíøðÇ ãóÇ ßóÇäó ÝóÇáúÃóÙúåóÑõ Ãóäøó ãöíãó ãóÏöíäóÉò ÃóÕúáöíøóÉñ æóáöÐóáößó ÌõãöÚóÊú Úóáóì ãóÏóÇÆöäó ÈöÇáúåóãúÒóÉö ßóãóÇ ÞóÇáõæÇ (ÕóÍóÇÆöÝõ) ÌóãúÚõ ÕóÍöíÝóÉò. æóáóæú ßóÇäóÊú ãóÝúÚóáóÉð ãöäú ÏóÇäóåõ áóÞóÇáõæÇ Ýöí ÇáúÌóãúÚö ãóÏóÇíöäó ÈöÇáúíóÇÁö ãöËúáó ãóÚóÇíöÔó.
æóãõÏóÇíöäõ ãöÕúÑó Ýöí Ðóáößó ÇáÒøóãóäö ßóËöíÑóÉñ æóÓóäóÐúßõÑõ ÈóÚúÖóåóÇ ÚöäúÏó Þóæúáöåö ÊóÚóÇáóì: ÝóÃóÑúÓóáó ÝöÑúÚóæúäõ Ýöí ÇáúãóÏÇÆöäö ÍÇÔöÑöíäó Ýöí ÓõæÑóÉö ÇáÔøõÚóÑóÇÁö [53] . Þöíáó ÃóÑóÇÏõæÇ ãóÏóÇÆöäó ÇáÕøóÚöíÏö æóßóÇäóÊú ãóÞóÑøó ÇáúÚõáóãóÇÁö ÈöÇáÓøöÍúÑö. æóÇáúÍóÇÔöÑõæäó ÇáøóÐöíäó íóÍúÔõÑõæäó ÇáäøóÇÓó æóíóÌúãóÚõæäóåõãú.
æóÇáÔøóÃúäõ Ãóäú íóßõæäó ãóáóÃõ ÝöÑúÚóæúäó ÚõÞóáóÇÁó Ãóåúáó ÓöíóÇÓóÉò¡ ÝóÚóáöãõæÇ Ãóäøó ÃóãúÑó ÏóÚúæóÉö ãõæÓóì áóÇ íóßóÇÏõ íóÎúÝóì. æóÃóäøó ÝöÑúÚóæúäó Åöäú ÓóÌóäóåõ Ãóæú ÚóÇäóÏó¡ ÊóÍóÞøóÞó ÇáäøóÇÓõ Ãóäøó ÍõÌøóÉó ãõæÓóì ÛóáóÈóÊú¡ ÝóÕóÇÑó Ðóáößó ÐóÑöíÚóÉð áöáÔøóßøö Ýöí Ïöíäö ÝöÑúÚóæúäó¡ ÝóÑóÃóæúÇ Ãóäú íõáóÇíöäõæÇ ãõæÓóì¡ æóØóãöÚõæÇ Ãóäú íõæÌóÏó Ýöí ÓóÍóÑóÉö ãöÕúÑó ãóäú íõÏóÇÝöÚõ ÂíóÇÊö ãõæÓóì¡ ÝóÊóßõæäõ ÇáúÍõÌøóÉõ Úóáóíúåö ÙóÇåöÑóÉð áöáäøóÇÓö.
æóÌóÒúãõ íóÃúÊõæßó Úóáóì ÌóæóÇÈö ÇáúÃóãúÑö áöáÏøóáóÇáóÉö Úóáóì ÔöÏøóÉö ÇÊøöÕóÇáö ÇáÓøóÈóÈöíøóÉö Èóíúäó ÇáúÅöÑúÓóÇáö æóÇáúÅöÊúíóÇäö¡ ÝóÇáÊøóÞúÏöíÑõ: Åöäú ÊõÑúÓöáú íóÃúÊõæßó¡ æóÞóÏú Þöíáó: Ýöí ãöËúáöåö Åöäøóåõ ãóÌúÒõæãñ ÈöáóÇãö ÇáúÃóãúÑö ãóÍúÐõæÝóÉò¡ Úóáóì Ãóäøó ÇáúÌõãúáóÉó ÈóÏóáñ ãöäú ÃóÑúÓöáú ÈóÏóáó ÇÔúÊöãóÇáò. Ãóíú: ÃóÑúÓöáúåõãú ÂãöÑðÇ áóåõãú ÝóáúíóÃúÊõæßó Èößõáøö ÓóÇÍöÑò Úóáöíãò¡ æóåóÐóÇ ÇáöÇÓúÊöÚúãóÇáõ ßóËöíÑñ Ýöí ßóáóÇãö ÇáúÚóÑóÈö ãóÚó ÝöÚúáö ÇáúÞóæúáö äóÍúæóöö:
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(1) ÇáãÕÚÈ ÈöÖóã Çáúãöíã æóÝÊÍ ÇáúÚíä (ÇáúÝóÍúá) ÇáÕÚÈ ãä ÇáúÅöÈöá æóÈóÞöíøóÉ ÇáÑÌÒ:
ØÈøÇ ÝóÞöíåÇ ÈÐæÇÊ ÇáÅíáÇã(9/44)
æóÌóÇÁó ÇáÓøóÍóÑóÉõ ÝöÑúÚóæúäó ÞóÇáõæÇ Åöäøó áóäóÇ áóÃóÌúÑðÇ Åöäú ßõäøóÇ äóÍúäõ ÇáúÛóÇáöÈöíäó (113) ÞóÇáó äóÚóãú æóÅöäøóßõãú áóãöäó ÇáúãõÞóÑøóÈöíäó (114) ÞóÇáõæÇ íóÇ ãõæÓóì ÅöãøóÇ Ãóäú ÊõáúÞöíó æóÅöãøóÇ Ãóäú äóßõæäó äóÍúäõ ÇáúãõáúÞöíäó (115) ÞóÇáó ÃóáúÞõæÇ ÝóáóãøóÇ ÃóáúÞóæúÇ ÓóÍóÑõæÇ ÃóÚúíõäó ÇáäøóÇÓö æóÇÓúÊóÑúåóÈõæåõãú æóÌóÇÁõæÇ ÈöÓöÍúÑò ÚóÙöíãò (116)
Þõáú áöÚöÈÇÏöíó ÇáøóÐöíäó ÂãóäõæÇ íõÞöíãõæÇ ÇáÕøóáÇÉó [ÅöÈúÑóÇåöíã: 31] ÝóßóÐóáößó ãóÇ ßóÇäó Ýöíåö ãóÚúäóì ÇáúÞóæúáö ßóãóÇ åõäóÇ.
æó (ßõáøõ) ãõÓúÊóÚúãóáò Ýöí ãóÚúäóì ÇáúßóËúÑóÉö¡ Ãóíú: ÈöÌóãúÚò ÚóÙöíãò ãöäó ÇáÓøóÍóÑóÉö íõÔúÈöåõ Ãóäú íóßõæäó ÌóãöíÚó Ðóáößó ÇáäøóæúÚö.
æóÞóÑóÃó ÇáúÌõãúåõæÑõ: Èößõáøö ÓÇÍöÑò æóÞóÑóÃó ÌãÒÉ¡ æóÇáúßöÓóÇÆöíøõ¡ æóÎóáóÝñ: Èößõáøö ÓóÍøóÇÑò¡ Úóáóì ÇáúãõÈóÇáóÛóÉö Ýöí ãóÚúÑöÝóÉö ÇáÓøöÍúÑö¡ Ýóíóßõæäõ æóÕúÝõ Úóáöíãò ÊóÃúßöíÏðÇ áöãóÚúäóì ÇáúãõÈóÇáóÛóÉö áöÃóäøó æóÕúÝó Úóáöíãò ÇáøóÐöí åõæó ãöäú ÃóãúËöáóÉö ÇáúãõÈóÇáóÛóÉö áöáÏøóáóÇáóÉö Úóáóì ÞõæøóÉò ÇáúãóÚúÑöÝóÉö ÈöÇáÓøöÍúÑö¡ æóÍõÐöÝõ ãõÊóÚóáøöÞö Úóáöíãò áöÃóäøóåõ ÕóÇÑó ÈöãóäúÒöáóÉö ÃóÝúÚóÇáö ÇáÓøóÌóÇíóÇ. æóÇáúãóÞóÇãõ íóÏõáøõ Úóáóì Ãóäøó ÇáúãõÑóÇÏó ÞõæøóÉõ Úöáúãö ÇáÓÍÑ áóåõ.
[113- 116]
[ÓõæÑóÉ ÇáúÃóÚúÑóÇÝ (7) : ÇáúÂíóÇÊ 113 Åöáóì 116]
æóÌÇÁó ÇáÓøóÍóÑóÉõ ÝöÑúÚóæúäó ÞÇáõæÇ Åöäøó áóäÇ áóÃóÌúÑÇð Åöäú ßõäøóÇ äóÍúäõ ÇáúÛÇáöÈöíäó (113) ÞÇáó äóÚóãú æóÅöäøóßõãú áóãöäó ÇáúãõÞóÑøóÈöíäó (114) ÞÇáõæÇ íóÇ ãõæÓì ÅöãøóÇ Ãóäú ÊõáúÞöíó æóÅöãøóÇ Ãóäú äóßõæäó äóÍúäõ ÇáúãõáúÞöíäó (115) ÞÇáó ÃóáúÞõæÇ ÝóáóãøóÇ ÃóáúÞóæúÇ ÓóÍóÑõæÇ ÃóÚúíõäó ÇáäøóÇÓö æóÇÓúÊóÑúåóÈõæåõãú æóÌÇÄõ ÈöÓöÍúÑò ÚóÙöíãò (116)
ÚõØöÝóÊú ÌõãúáóÉõ æóÌÇÁó ÇáÓøóÍóÑóÉõ Úóáóì ÌõãúáóÉö: ÞÇáõæÇ ÃóÑúÌöåú æóÃóÎÇåõ æóÃóÑúÓöáú Ýöí ÇáúãóÏÇÆöäö ÍÇÔöÑöíäó íóÃúÊõæßó Èößõáøö ÓÇÍöÑò Úóáöíãò [ÇáúÃóÚúÑóÇÝ: 111¡ 112] æóÝöí ÇáúßóáóÇãö ÅöíÌóÇÒõ ÍóÐúÝò. æóÇáÊøóÞúÏöíÑõ:
ÞóÇáõæÇ ÃóÑúÌöåö æóÃóÎóÇåõ æóÃóÑúÓöáú ÅöáóÎú¡ ÝóÃóÑúÓóáó ÝöÑúÚóæúäõ Ýöí ÇáúãóÏóÇÆöäö ÍóÇÔöÑöíäó ÝóÍóÔóÑõæÇ æóÌóÇÁó ÇáÓøóÍóÑóÉõ ãöäó ÇáúãóÏóÇÆöäö ÝóÍóÖóÑõæÇ ÚöäúÏó ÝöÑúÚóæúäó.
ÝóÇáÊøóÚúÑöíÝõ Ýöí Þóæúáöåö: ÇáÓøóÍóÑóÉõ ÊóÚúÑöíÝõ ÇáúÚóåúÏö. Ãóíö ÇáÓøóÍóÑóÉõ ÇáúãóÐúßõæÑõæäó¡ æóßóÇäó ÍõÖõæÑõ ÇáÓøóÍóÑóÉö ÚöäúÏó ÝöÑúÚóæúäó Ýöí Çáúíóæúãö ÇáøóÐöí Úóíøóäóåõ ãõæÓóì áöáöÞóÇÁö ÇáÓøóÍóÑóÉö æóåõæó ÇáúãóÐúßõæÑõ Ýöí ÓõæÑóÉö Øóåó.
æóÌõãúáóÉõ: ÞÇáõæÇ Åöäøó áóäÇ áóÃóÌúÑÇð ÇÓúÊöÆúäóÇÝñ ÈóíóÇäöíøñ ÈöÊóÞúÏöíÑö ÓõÄóÇáö ãóäú íóÓúÃóáõ: ãóÇÐóÇ ÕóÏóÑó ãöäó ÇáÓøóÍóÑóÉö Íöíäó ãóËõáõæÇ Èóíúäó íóÏóíú ÝöÑúÚóæúäó¿.
æóÞóÑóÃó äóÇÝöÚñ¡ æóÇÈúäõ ßóËöíÑò¡ æóÍóÝúÕñ¡ æóÃóÈõæ ÌóÚúÝóÑò Åöäøó áóäÇ áóÃóÌúÑÇð ÇÈúÊöÏóÇÁð ÈöÍóÑúÝö (Åöäøó) Ïõæäó åóãúÒóÉö ÇÓúÊöÝúåóÇãò¡ æóÞóÑóÃóåõ ÇáúÈóÇÞõæäó ÈöåóãúÒóÉö ÇÓúÊöÝúåóÇãò ÞóÈúáó (Åöäøó) .(9/45)
æóÚóáóì ÇáúÞöÑóÇÁóÊóíúä ÝóÇáúãóÚúäóì Úóáóì ÇáöÇÓúÊöÝúåóÇãö¡ ßóãóÇ åõæó ÙóÇåöÑõ ÇáúÌóæóÇÈö Èö äóÚóãú¡ æóåóãúÒóÉõ ÇáöÇÓúÊöÝúåóÇãö ãóÍúÐõæÝóÉñ ÊóÎúÝöíÝðÇ Úóáóì ÇáúÞöÑóÇÁóÉö ÇáúÃõæáóì¡ æóíóÌõæÒõ Ãóäú íóßõæäó ÇáúãóÚúäóì ÚóáóíúåóÇ ÃóíúÖðÇ Úóáóì ÇáúÎóÈóÑöíøóÉö áöÃóäøóåõãú æóËöÞõæÇ ÈöÍõÕõæáö ÇáúÃóÌúÑö áóåõãú¡ ÍóÊøóì ÕóíøóÑõæåõ Ýöí ÍóíøöÒö ÇáúãõÎúÈóÑö Èöåö Úóäú ÝöÑúÚóæúäó¡ æóíóßõæäõ ÌóæóÇÈõ ÝöÑúÚóæúäó Èö äóÚóãú ÊóÞúÑöíÑðÇ áöãóÇ ÃóÎúÈóÑõæÇ Èöåö Úóäåõ.
æÊäßíÑ áóÃóÌúÑÇð ÊäßíÑ ÊóÚúÙöíãò ÈöÞóÑöíäóÉö ãóÞóÇãö Çáúãóáößö æóÚöÙóãö ÇáúÚóãóáö¡ æóÖóãöíÑõ äóÍúäõ ÊóÃúßöíÏñ áöÖóãöíÑö ßõäøóÇ ÅöÔúÚóÇÑðÇ ÈöÌóÏóÇÑóÊöåöãú ÈöÇáúÛóáóÈö¡ æóËöÞóÊöåöãú ÈöÃóäøóåõãú ÃóÚúáóãõ ÇáäøóÇÓö ÈöÇáÓøöÍúÑö¡ ÝóÃóßøóÏõæÇ ÖóãöíÑóåõãú áöÒöíóÇÏóÉö ÊóÞúÑöíÑö ãóÏúáõæáöåö¡ æóáóíúÓó åõæó ÈöÖóãöíÑö ÝóÕúáò ÅöÐú áóÇ íõÞúÕóÏõ ÅöÑóÇÏóÉõ ÇáúÞóÕúÑö¡ áöÃóäøó ÅöÎúÈóÇÑóåõãú Úóäú ÃóäúÝõÓöåöãú ÈöÇáúÛóÇáöÈöíäó íõÛúäöí Úóäö ÇáúÞóÕúÑö¡ ÅöÐú íóÊóÚóíøóäõ Ãóäøó ÇáúãóÛúáõæÈó Ýöí ÒóÚúãöåöãú åõæó ãõæÓóì Úóáóíúåö ÇáÓøóáóÇãõ.
æóÞóæúáõ ÝöÑúÚóæúäó äóÚóãú ÅöÌóÇÈóÉð ÚóãøóÇ ÇÓÊÝåãæÇ¡ Ãóæ ÊóÞúÑöíÑ áöãóÇ ÊóæóÓøóãõæÇ: Úóáóì ÇáöÇÍúÊöãóÇáóíúäö ÇáúãóÐúßõæÑóíúäö Ýöí Þóæúáöåö: Åöäøó áóäÇ áóÃóÌúÑÇð ÂäöÝðÇ¡ ÝóÍóÑúÝõ (äóÚóãú) íõÞóÑøöÑõ ãóÖúãõæäó ÇáúßóáóÇãö ÇáøóÐöí íõÌóÇÈõ Èöåö¡ Ýóåõæó ÊóÕúÏöíÞñ ÈóÚúÏó ÇáúÎóÈóÑö¡ æóÅöÚúáóÇãñ ÈóÚúÏó ÇáöÇÓúÊöÝúåóÇãö¡ ÈöÍõÕõæáö ÇáúÌóÇäöÈö ÇáúãõÓúÊóÝúåóãõ Úóäúåõ¡
æóÇáúãóÚúäóíóÇäö ãõÍúÊóãóáóÇäö åõäóÇ Úóáóì ÞöÑóÇÁóÉö äóÇÝöÚò æóãóäú æóÇÝóÞóåõ¡ æóÃóãøóÇ Úóáóì ÞöÑóÇÁóÉö ÛóíúÑöåöãú ÝóíóÊóÚóíøóäõ ÇáúãóÚúäóì ÇáËøóÇäöí.
æóÚóØúÝõ ÌõãúáóÉö: Åöäøóßõãú áóãöäó ÇáúãõÞóÑøóÈöíäó Úóáóì ãóÇ ÊóÖóãøóäóåõ ÍóÑúÝõ ÇáúÌóæóÇÈö ÅöÐö ÇáÊøóÞúÏöíÑõ: äóÚóãú áóßõãú ÃóÌúÑñ æóÅöäøóßõãú áóãöäó ÇáúãõÞóÑøóÈöíäó¡ æóáóíúÓó åõæó ãöäú ÚóØúÝö ÇáÊøóáúÞöíäö: áöÃóäøó ÇáÊøóáúÞöíäó ÅöäøóãóÇ íõÚúÊóÈóÑõ Ýöí ßóáóÇãóíúäö ãöäú ãõÊóßóáøöãóíúäö áóÇ ãöäú ãõÊóßóáøöãò æóÇÍöÏò.
æóÝõÕöáóÊú ÌõãúáóÉõ: ÞÇáõæÇ íóÇ ãõæÓì áöæõÞõæÚöåóÇ Ýöí ØóÑöíÞóÉö ÇáúãõÍóÇæóÑóÉö Èóíúäóåõãú æóÈóíúäó ÝöÑúÚóæúäó æóãõæÓóì¡ áöÃóäøó åóÄõáóÇÁö åõãú Ãóåúáõ ÇáúßóáóÇãö Ýöí Ðóáößó ÇáúãóÌúãóÚö.
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åõãóÇ ÎõØøóÊóÇ ÅöãøóÇ ÅöÓóÇÑò æóãöäøóÉò ... æóÅöãøóÇ Ïóãò æóÇáúãóæúÊõ ÈöÇáúÍõÑøö ÃóÌúÏóÑõ
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æóÇáöÇÓúÊöÑúåóÇÈõ: ØóáóÈõ ÇáÑøóåúÈö Ãóíö ÇáúÎóæúÝö. æóÐóáößó Ãóäøóåõãú ÚóÒøóÒõæÇ ÊóÎóíøõáóÇÊö ÇáÓøöÍúÑö ÈöÃõãõæÑò ÃõÎúÑóì ÊõËöíÑõ ÎæÝ ÇáäÇÙÑíä¡ áÊÒÏÇÏ Êóãóßøõäõ ÇáÊøóÎóíøõáóÇÊö ãöäú ÞõáõæÈöåöãú¡ æóÊöáúßó ÇáúÃõãõæÑõ ÃóÞúæóÇáñ æóÃóÝúÚóÇáñ
Êõæåöãõ Ãóäú ÓóíóÞóÚó ÔóíúÁñ ãõÎöíÝñ ßóÃóäú íóÞõæáõæÇ áöáäøóÇÓö: ÎõÐõæÇ ÍöÐúÑóßõãú æóÍóÇÐöÑõæÇ¡ æóáóÇ ÊóÞúÊóÑöÈõæÇ¡ æóÓóíóÞóÚõ ÔóíúÁñ ÚóÙöíãñ¡ æóÓóíóÍúÖõÑõ ßóÈöíÑõ ÇáÓøóÍóÑóÉö¡ æóäóÍúæõ Ðóáößó ãöäó ÇáÊøóãúæöíåóÇÊö¡ æóÇáúÎõÒóÚúÈóáóÇÊö¡ æóÇáÕøöíóÇÍö¡ æóÇáÊøóÚúÌöíÈö.
æóáóßó Ãóäú ÊóÌúÚóáó ÇáÓøöíäó æóÇáÊøóÇÁó Ýöí æóÇÓúÊóÑúåóÈõæåõãú áöáÊøóÃúßöíÏö¡ Ãóíú: ÃóÑúåóÈõæåõãú ÑóåóÈðÇ ÔóÏöíÏðÇ¡ ßóãóÇ íõÞóÇáõ ÇÓúÊóßúÈóÑó æóÇÓúÊóÌóÇÈó.
æóÞóÏú ÈóíøóäúÊõ Ýöí ÊóÝúÓöíÑö Þóæúáöåö ÊóÚóÇáóì: íõÚóáøöãõæäó ÇáäøóÇÓó ÇáÓøöÍúÑó ãöäú ÓõæÑóÉö ÇáúÈóÞóÑóÉö [102] Ãóäøó ãóÈúäóì ÇáÓøöÍúÑö Úóáóì ÇáÊøóÎúíöíáö æóÇáÊøóÎúæöíÝö.(9/48)
æóÃóæúÍóíúäóÇ Åöáóì ãõæÓóì Ãóäú ÃóáúÞö ÚóÕóÇßó ÝóÅöÐóÇ åöíó ÊóáúÞóÝõ ãóÇ íóÃúÝößõæäó (117) ÝóæóÞóÚó ÇáúÍóÞøõ æóÈóØóáó ãóÇ ßóÇäõæÇ íóÚúãóáõæäó (118) ÝóÛõáöÈõæÇ åõäóÇáößó æóÇäúÞóáóÈõæÇ ÕóÇÛöÑöíäó (119)
æóæõÕöÝó ÇáÓøöÍúÑõ ÈöÇáúÚóÙöíãö áöÃóäøóåõ ãöäú ÃóÚúÙóãö ãóÇ íóÝúÚóáõåõ ÇáÓøóÍóÑóÉõ ÅöÐú ßóÇäó ãóÌúãõæÚðÇ ãöãøóÇ ÊóÝóÑøóÞó Èóíúäó ÓóÍóÑóÉö ÇáúãóãúáóßóÉö ãöäó ÇáúÎóÕóÇÆöÕö ÇáúãóÓúÊõæÑóÉö ÈöÇáÊøóæúåöíãö ÇáúÎóÝöíøóÉö ÃóÓúÈóÇÈõåóÇ Úóä ÇáúÚóÇãøóÉ.
[117- 119]
[ÓõæÑóÉ ÇáúÃóÚúÑóÇÝ (7) : ÇáúÂíóÇÊ 117 Åöáóì 119]
æóÃóæúÍóíúäÇ Åöáì ãõæÓì Ãóäú ÃóáúÞö ÚóÕÇßó ÝóÅöÐÇ åöíó ÊóáúÞóÝõ ãóÇ íóÃúÝößõæäó (117) ÝóæóÞóÚó ÇáúÍóÞøõ æóÈóØóáó ãóÇ ßÇäõæÇ íóÚúãóáõæäó (118) ÝóÛõáöÈõæÇ åõäÇáößó æóÇäúÞóáóÈõæÇ ÕÇÛöÑöíäó (119)
ÌõãúáóÉõ: æóÃóæúÍóíúäÇ ãÚØæÝÉ Úáì Ìãá ÓóÍóÑõæÇ ÃóÚúíõäó ÇáäøóÇÓö¡ æóÇÓúÊóÑúåóÈõæåõãú æóÌÇÄõ ÈöÓöÍúÑò ÚóÙöíãò [ÇáúÃóÚúÑóÇÝ: 116] ¡ Ýóåöíó Ýöí ÍóíøöÒö ÌóæóÇÈö áóãøóÇ¡ Ãóíú: áóãøóÇ ÃóáúÞóæúÇ ÓóÍóÑõæÇ¡ æóÃóæúÍóíúäóÇ Åöáóì ãõæÓóì Ãóäú ÃóáúÞö áóåõãú ÚóÕóÇßó.
æÃóäú ÊóÝúÓöíÑöíøóÉñ áöÝöÚúáö ÃóæúÍóíúäÇ¡ æóÇáúÝóÇÁõ áöáÊøóÚúÞöíÈö ÇáÏøóÇáøö Úóáóì ÓõÑúÚóÉö ãõÝóÇÌóÃóÉö ÔõÑõæÚöåóÇ Ýöí ÇáÊøóáóÞøõÝö ÈöãõÌóÑøóÏö ÅöáúÞóÇÆöåóÇ¡ æóÞóÏú Ïóáøó ÇáÓøöíóÇÞõ Úóáóì ÌõãúáóÊóíúäö ãóÍúÐõæÝóÊóíúäö¡ ÅöÐö ÇáÊøóÞúÏöíÑõ: ÝóÃóáúÞóÇåóÇ ÝóÏóÈøóÊú ÝöíåóÇ ÇáúÍóíóÇÉõ æóÇäúÞóáóÈóÊú ËõÚúÈóÇäðÇ ÝóÅöÐóÇ åöíó ÊóáúÞóÝõ¡ Ïóáøó Úóáóì ÇáúÌõãúáóÉö ÇáúÃõæáóì ÇáúÃóãúÑõ ÈöÇáúÅöáúÞóÇÁö¡ æóÚóáóì ÇáúÌõãúáóÉö ÇáËøóÇäöíóÉö ÇáÊøóáóÞøõÝõ áöÃóäøóåõ ãöäú ÔóÃúäö ÇáúÍóíóæóÇäö¡ æóÇáúÚóÕóÇ ÅöÐóÇ ÏóÈøóÊú ÝöíåóÇ ÇáúÍóíóÇÉõ ÕóÇÑóÊú ËõÚúÈóÇäðÇ ÈöÏõæäö ÊóÈúÏöíáö Ôóßúáò.
æóÇáÊøóáóÞøõÝõ: ãõÈóÇáóÛóÉñ Ýöí ÇááøóÞúÝö æóåõæó ÇáöÇÈúÊöáóÇÚõ æóÇáöÇÒúÏöÑóÇÏõ.
æóãóÇ ãóæúÕõæáóÉñ æóÇáúÚóÇÆöÏõ ãóÍúÐõæÝñ Ãóíú: ãóÇ íóÃúÝößõæäóåõ. æóÇáúÅöÝúßõ: ÇáÕøóÑúÝõ Úóäö ÇáÔøóíúÁö æóíõÓóãøóì ÇáÒøõæÑõ ÅöÝúßðÇ¡ æóÇáúßóÐöÈõ ÇáúãóÕúäõæÚó ÅöÝúßðÇ¡ áöÃóäøó Ýöíåö ÕóÑúÝðÇ Úóäö ÇáúÍóÞøö æóÅöÎúÝóÇÁð áöáúæóÇÞöÚö¡ ÝóáóÇ íõÓóãøóì ÅöÝúßðÇ ÅöáøóÇ ÇáúßóÐöÈõ ÇáúãõÕúØóäóÚõ Çáúãõãóæøóåõ¡ æóÅöäøóãóÇ ÌõÚöáó ÇáÓøöÍúÑõ ÅöÝúßðÇ áöÃóäøó ãóÇ íóÙúåóÑõ ãöäúåõ ãõÎóÇáöÝñ áöáúæóÇÞöÚö ÝóÔõÈøöåó ÈöÇáúÎóÈóÑö ÇáúßóÇÐöÈö.
æóÞóÑóÃó ÇáúÌõãúåõæÑõ ÊóáúÞóÝõ- ÈöÞóÇÝò ãõÔóÏøóÏóÉò-¡ æóÃóÕúáõåõ ÊóÊóáóÞøóÝõ¡ Ãóíú ÊõÈóÇáöÛõ æóÊóÊóßóáøóÝõ ÇááøóÞúÝó
ãóÇ ÇÓúÊóØóÇÚóÊú¡ æóÞóÑóÃó ÍóÝúÕñ Úóäú ÚóÇÕöãò: ÈöÓõßõæäö ÇááøóÇãö æóÊóÎúÝöíÝö ÇáúÞóÇÝö Úóáóì ÕöíÛóÉö ÇáúãõÌóÑøóÏö.
æóÇáÊøóÚúÈöíÑõ ÈöÕöíÛóÉö ÇáúãõÖóÇÑöÚö Ýöí Þóæúáöåö: ÊóáúÞóÝõ æíóÃúÝößõæäó áöáÏøóáóÇáóÉö Úóáóì ÇáÊøóÌúÏöíÏö æóÇáÊøóßúÑöíÑö¡ ãóÚó ÇÓúÊöÍúÖóÇÑö ÇáÕøõæÑóÉö ÇáúÚóÌöíÈóÉö¡ Ãóíú: ÝóÅöÐóÇ åöíó íóÊóÌóÏøóÏõ ÊóáóÞøõÝõåóÇ áöãóÇ íóÊóÌóÏøóÏõ æóíóÊóßóÑøóÑõ ãöäú ÅöÝúßöåöãú. æóÊóÓúãöíóÉõ ÓöÍúÑöåöãú ÅöÝúßðÇ Ïóáöíáñ Úóáóì Ãóäøó ÇáÓøöÍúÑó áóÇ ãóÚúãõæáó áóåõ æóÃóäøóåõ ãõÌóÑøóÏõ ÊóÎúíöíáóÇÊò æóÊóãúæöíåóÇÊò.(9/49)
æóÞóæúáõåõ ÝóæóÞóÚó ÇáúÍóÞøõ ÊóÝúÑöíÚñ Úóáóì ÊóáúÞóÝõ ãóÇ íóÃúÝößõæäó. æóÇáúæõÞõæÚõ ÍóÞöíÞóÊõåõ ÓõÞõæØõ ÇáÔøóíúÁö ãöäú ÃóÚúáóì Åöáóì ÇáúÃóÑúÖö¡ æóãöäúåõ: æóÞóÚó ÇáØøóÇÆöÑõ¡ ÅöÐóÇ äóÒóáó Åöáóì ÇáúÃóÑúÖö¡ æóÇÓúÊõÚöíÑó ÇáúæõÞõæÚõ áöÙõåõæÑö ÃóãúÑò ÑóÝöíÚö ÇáúÞóÏúÑö¡ áöÃóäøó ÙõåõæÑóåõ ßóÇäó ÈöÊóÃúíöíÏò Åöáóåöíøò ÝóÔõÈøöåó ÈöÔóíúÁò äóÒóáó ãöäú Úõáõæøò¡ æóÞóÏú íõØúáóÞõ ÇáúæõÞõæÚõ Úóáóì ÇáúÍõÕõæáö áöÃóäøó ÇáÔøóíúÁó ÇáúÍóÇÕöáó íõÔúÈöåõ ÇáäøóÇÒöáó Úóáóì ÇáúÃóÑúÖö¡ æóåöíó ÇÓúÊöÚóÇÑóÉñ ÔóÇÆöÚóÉñ ÞóÇáó ÊóÚóÇáóì: æóÅöäøó ÇáÏøöíäó áóæÇÞöÚñ [ÇáÐÇÑíÇÊ: 6] Ãóíú: ÍóÇÕöáñ æóßóÇÆöäñ¡ æóÇáúãóÚúäóì ÝóÙóåóÑó ÇáúÍóÞøõ æóÍóÕóáó.
æóáóÚóáøó Ýöí ÇÎúÊöíóÇÑö áóÝúÙö (æóÞóÚó) ¡ åõäóÇ Ïõæäó (äóÒóáó) ãõÑóÇÚóÇÉð áöÝöÚúáö ÇáúÅöáúÞóÇÁö áöÃóäøó ÇáÔøóíúÁó ÇáúãõáúÞóì íóÞóÚõ Úóáóì ÇáúÃóÑúÖö ÝóßóÇäó æõÞõæÚõ ÇáúÚóÕóÇ Úóáóì ÇáúÃóÑúÖö æóÙõåõæÑõ ÇáúÍóÞøö ãõÞúÊóÑöäóíúäö.
æÇáúÍóÞøõ: åõæó ÇáúÃóãúÑõ ÇáËøóÇÈöÊõ ÇáúãõæóÇÝöÞõ áöáúÈõÑúåóÇäö¡ æóÖöÏøõåõ ÇáúÈóÇØöáõ¡ æóÇáúÍóÞøõ åõäóÇ ÃõÑöíÏó Èöåö ÕöÏúÞõ ãõæÓóì æóÕöÍøóÉõ ãõÚúÌöÒóÊöåö æóßóæúäõ ãóÇ ÝóÚóáóÊúåõ ÇáúÚóÕóÇ åõæó ãöäú ÕõäúÚö Çááøóåö ÊóÚóÇáóì¡ æóÃóËóÑö ÞõÏúÑóÊöåö.
æÈóØóáó: ÍóÞöíÞóÊõåõ ÇÖúãóÍóáøó. æóÇáúãõÑóÇÏõ: ÇÖúãöÍúáóÇáõ ÇáúãóÞúÕõæÏö ãöäúåõ æóÇäúÊöÝóÇÁõ ÃóËóÑò ãóÒúÚõæãò áöÔóíúÁò íõÞóÇáõ: ÈóØóáó ÓóÚúíõåõ¡ Ãóíú: áóãú íóÃúÊö ÈöÝóÇÆöÏóÉò¡ æóíõÞóÇáõ: ÈóØóáó Úóãóáõåõ¡ Ãóíú: ÐóåóÈó ÖóíóÇÚðÇ æóÎóÓöÑó ÈöáóÇ ÃóÌúÑò¡ æóãöäúåõ Þóæúáõåõ ÊóÚóÇáóì: æóíõÈúØöáó ÇáúÈÇØöáó [ÇáúÃóäúÝóÇá: 8] Ãóíú: íõÒöíáõ ãóÝúÚõæáóåõ æóãóÇ ÞóÕóÏõæåõ ãöäúåõ¡ ÝóÇáúÈóÇØöáõ åõæó ÇáøóÐöí áóÇ ÝóÇÆöÏóÉó Ýöíåö¡ Ãóæú áóÇ ÎóíúÑó Ýöíåö¡ æóãöäúåõ Óõãøöíó ÖöÏøõ ÇáúÍóÞøö ÈóÇØöáðÇ áöÃóäøóåõ ÔóíúÁñ áóÇ íóÍúÕõáõ ãöäúåõ ÇáúÃóËóÑõ ÇáúãóÑúÌõæøõ¡ æóåõæó ÇáúÞóÈõæáõ áóÏóì ÇáúÚõÞõæáö ÇáúãõÓúÊóÞöíãóÉö. æóÔóÇÚó åóÐóÇ ÇáúÅöØúáóÇÞõ ÍóÊøóì ÕóÇÑó ÇáúÈóÇØöáõ ßóÇáöÇÓúãö ÇáúÌóÇãöÏö¡ ãóÏúáõæáõåõ åõæó ÖöÏøõ ÇáúÍóÞøö¡ æóíõØúáóÞõ ÇáúÈóÇØöáõ ÇÓúãó ÝóÇÚöáò ãöäú ÈóØóáó¡ ÝóíõÓóÇæöí ÇáúãóÕúÏóÑó Ýöí ÇááøóÝúÙö¡ æóíóÊóÚóíøóäõ ÇáúãõÑóÇÏõ ãöäúåõãóÇ ÈöÇáúÞóÑöíäóÉö¡ ÝóÕóæúÛõ ÝöÚúáö ÈóØóáó íóßõæäõ ãõÔúÊóÞøðÇ ãöäó ÇáúãóÕúÏóÑö æóåõæó ÇáúÈõØúáóÇäõ¡ æóÞóÏú íóßõæäõ ãõÔúÊóÞøðÇ ãöäó ÇáöÇÓúãö æóåõæó ÇáúÈóÇØöáõ. ÝóãóÚúäóì ÈóØóáó ÍöíäóÆöÐò æõÕöÝó ÈöÃóäøóåõ ÈóÇØöáñ ãöËúáõ ÝóåöÏò æóÃóÓóÏò¡ æóíóÕöÍøõ ÊóÝúÓöíÑõåõ åõäóÇ ÈöÇáúãóÚúäóíóíúäö¡ ÝóÚóáóì ÇáúÃóæøóáö íóßõæäõ ÇáúãóÚúäóì: æóÇäúÊóÝóÊú ÍöíäóÆöÐò ÂËóÇÑõ ãóÇ ßóÇäõæÇ íóÚúãóáõæäó¡ æóÚóáóì ÇáËøóÇäöí íóßõæäõ ÇáúãóÚúäóì: æóÇÊøóÕóÝó ãóÇ íóÚúãóáõæäó ÈöÃóäøóåõ ÈóÇØöáñ¡ æóÚóáóì åóÐóÇ ÇáúæóÌúåö íóÊóÚóíøóäõ Ãóäú íóßõæäó ÇáúãõÑóÇÏõ ãöäó ÇáúÝöÚúáö ãóÚúäóì ÇáÙøõåõæÑö áóÇ ÇáúÍõÏõæËö¡ áöÃóäøó ßóæúäó ãóÇ íóÚúãóáõæäóåõ ÈóÇØöáðÇ æóÕúÝñ ËóÇÈöÊñ áóåõ ãöäú ÞóÈúáö Ãóäú íõáúÞöíó ãõæÓóì ÚóÕóÇåõ¡ æóáóßöäú ÚöäúÏó ÅöáúÞóÇÁö ÇáúÚóÕóÇ ÙóåóÑó ßóæúäõåõ ÈóÇØöáðÇ¡ æóíõÈúÚöÏõ åóÐóÇ Ãóäøó ÇÓúÊöÚúãóÇáó ÕöíÛóÉö ÇáúÝöÚúáö Ýöí ãóÚúäóì
ÙõåõæÑö ÍóÏóËöåö áóÇ Ýöí ãóÚúäóì æõÌõæÏöåö æóÍõÏõæËöåö¡ ÎöáóÇÝõ ÇáúÃóÕúáö ÝóáóÇ íõÕóÇÑõ Åöáóíúåö ÈöáóÇ ÏóÇÚò.(9/50)
æóÃóãøóÇ ãóäú ÝóÓøóÑó ÈóØóáó ÈöãóÚúäì: ÇáúÚóÏóã. æóÝóÓøóÑó ãóÇ ßÇäõæÇ íóÚúãóáõæäó ÈöÍöÈóÇáö ÇáÓøóÍóÑóÉö æóÚöÕöíøöåöãú ÝóÝöí ÊóÝúÓöíÑöåö äõÈõæøñ Úóäö ÇáöÇÓúÊöÚúãóÇáö¡ æóÚóäö ÇáúãóÞóÇãö.
æóÒöíóÇÏóÉõ Þóæúáöåö: æóÈóØóáó ãóÇ ßÇäõæÇ íóÚúãóáõæäó ÈóÚúÏó Þóæúáöåö: ÝóæóÞóÚó ÇáúÍóÞøõ ÊóÞúÑöíÑñ áöãóÖúãõæäö ÌõãúáóÉö ÝóæóÞóÚó ÇáúÍóÞøõ áöÊóÓúÌöíáö Ðóãøö Úóãóáöåöãú¡ æóäöÏóÇÁñ ÈöÎóíúÈóÊöåöãú¡ ÊóÃúäöíÓðÇ áöáúãõÓúáöãöíäó æóÊóåúÏöíÏðÇ áöáúãõÔúÑößöíäó æóáöáúßóÇÝöÑöíäó ÃóãúËóÇáõåóÇ.
æóãóÇ ßÇäõæÇ íóÚúãóáõæäó åõæó ÇáÓøöÍúÑõ¡ Ãóíú: ÈóØóáóÊú ÊóÎóíøõáóÇÊõ ÇáäøóÇÓö Ãóäøó ÚöÕöíøó ÇáÓøóÍóÑóÉö æóÍöÈóÇáóåõãú ÊóÓúÚóì ßóÇáúÍóíøóÇÊö¡ æóáóãú íõÚóÈøóÑú Úóäúåõ ÈöÇáÓøöÍúÑö ÅöÔóÇÑóÉð Åöáóì Ãóäøóåõ ßóÇäó ÓöÍúÑðÇ ÚóÌöíÈðÇ ÊóßóáøóÝõæÇ áóåõ æóÃóÊóæúÇ ÈöãõäúÊóåóì ãóÇ íóÚúÑöÝõæäóåõ.
æóÞóÏú ÚõØöÝó Úóáóíúåö ÌõãúáóÉõ ÝóÛõáöÈõæÇ ÈöÇáúÝóÇÁö áöÍõÕõæáö ÇáúãóÛúáõæÈöíøóÉö ÅöËúÑó ÊóáóÞøõÝö ÇáúÚóÕóÇ áöÅöÝúßöåöãú.
æåõäÇáößó ÇÓúãõ ÅöÔóÇÑóÉö ÇáúãóßóÇäö Ãóíú ÛõáöÈõæÇ Ýöí Ðóáößó ÇáúãóßóÇäö ÝóÃóÝóÇÏó ÈóÏóÇåóÉó ãóÛúáõæÈöíøóÊöåöãú æóÙõåõæÑóåóÇ áößõáøö ÍóÇÖöÑò.
æóÇáöÇäúÞöáóÇÈõ: ãõØóÇæöÚõ ÞóáóÈó æóÇáúÞóáúÈõ ÊóÛúíöíÑõ ÇáúÍóÇáö æóÊóÈóÏøõáõåõ¡ æóÇáúÃóßúËóÑõ Ãóäú íóßõæäó ÊóÛúíöíÑðÇ ãöäó ÇáúÍóÇáö ÇáúãõÚúÊóÇÏóÉö Åöáóì ÍóÇáò ÛóÑöíÈóÉò.
æóíõØúáóÞõ ÇáöÇäúÞöáóÇÈõ ÔóÇÆöÚðÇ Úóáóì ÇáÑøõÌõæÚö Åöáóì ÇáúãóßóÇäö ÇáøóÐöí íõÎúÑóÌõ ãöäúåõ æóáöÃóä ÇáÑøóÇÌöÚó ÞóÏú ÚóßóÓó ÍóÇáó ÎõÑõæÌöåö.
æóÇäúÞóáóÈó ãöäó ÇáúÃóÝúÚóÇáö ÇáøóÊöí ÊóÌöíÁõ ÈöãóÚúäóì (ÕóÇÑó) æóåõæó ÇáúãõÑóÇÏõ åõäóÇ Ãóíú: ÕóÇÑõæÇ ÕóÇÛöÑöíäó.
æóÇÎúÊöíóÇÑõ áóÝúÙö ÇäúÞóáóÈõæÇ Ïõæäó (ÑóÌóÚõæÇ) Ãóæú (ÕóÇÑõæÇ) áöãõäóÇÓóÈóÊöåö áöáøóÝúÙö ÛõáöÈõæÇ Ýöí ÇáÕøöíÛóÉö¡ æóáöãóÇ íõÔúÚöÑõ Èöåö ÃóÕúáõ ÇÔúÊöÞóÇÞöåö ãöäó ÇáÑøõÌõæÚö Åöáóì ÍóÇáò ÃóÏúæóäó¡ ÝóßóÇäó áóÝúÙõ (ÇäúÞóáóÈõæÇ) ÃóÏúÎóáó Ýöí ÇáúÝóÕóÇÍóÉö.
æóÇáÕøóÛóÇÑõ: ÇáúãóÐóáøóÉõ¡ æóÊöáúßó ÇáúãóÐóáøóÉõ åöíó ãóÐóáøóÉõ ÙõåõæÑö ÚóÌúÒöåöãú¡ æóãóÐóáøóÉõ ÎóíúÈóÉö ÑóÌóÇÆöåöãú ãóÇ Ãóãøóáõæåõ ãöäó ÇáúÃóÌúÑö æóÇáúÞõÑúÈö ÚöäúÏ ÝöÑúÚóæúä.(9/51)
æóÃõáúÞöíó ÇáÓøóÍóÑóÉõ ÓóÇÌöÏöíäó (120) ÞóÇáõæÇ ÂãóäøóÇ ÈöÑóÈøö ÇáúÚóÇáóãöíäó (121) ÑóÈøö ãõæÓóì æóåóÇÑõæäó (122) ÞóÇáó ÝöÑúÚóæúäõ ÂãóäúÊõãú Èöåö ÞóÈúáó Ãóäú ÂÐóäó áóßõãú Åöäøó åóÐóÇ áóãóßúÑñ ãóßóÑúÊõãõæåõ Ýöí ÇáúãóÏöíäóÉö áöÊõÎúÑöÌõæÇ ãöäúåóÇ ÃóåúáóåóÇ ÝóÓóæúÝó ÊóÚúáóãõæäó (123) áóÃõÞóØøöÚóäøó ÃóíúÏöíóßõãú æóÃóÑúÌõáóßõãú ãöäú ÎöáóÇÝò Ëõãøó áóÃõÕóáøöÈóäøóßõãú ÃóÌúãóÚöíäó (124) ÞóÇáõæÇ ÅöäøóÇ Åöáóì ÑóÈøöäóÇ ãõäúÞóáöÈõæäó (125) æóãóÇ ÊóäúÞöãõ ãöäøóÇ ÅöáøóÇ Ãóäú ÂãóäøóÇ ÈöÂíóÇÊö ÑóÈøöäóÇ áóãøóÇ ÌóÇÁóÊúäóÇ ÑóÈøóäóÇ ÃóÝúÑöÛú ÚóáóíúäóÇ ÕóÈúÑðÇ æóÊóæóÝøóäóÇ ãõÓúáöãöíäó (126)
[ÓõæÑóÉ ÇáúÃóÚúÑóÇÝ (7) : ÇáúÂíóÇÊ 120 Åöáóì 126]
æóÃõáúÞöíó ÇáÓøóÍóÑóÉõ ÓÇÌöÏöíäó (120) ÞÇáõæÇ ÂãóäøóÇ ÈöÑóÈøö ÇáúÚÇáóãöíäó (121) ÑóÈøö ãõæÓì æóåÇÑõæäó (122) ÞÇáó ÝöÑúÚóæúäõ ÂãóäúÊõãú Èöåö ÞóÈúáó Ãóäú ÂÐóäó áóßõãú Åöäøó åóÐóÇ áóãóßúÑñ ãóßóÑúÊõãõæåõ Ýöí ÇáúãóÏöíäóÉö áöÊõÎúÑöÌõæÇ ãöäúåÇ ÃóåúáóåÇ ÝóÓóæúÝó ÊóÚúáóãõæäó (123) áóÃõÞóØøöÚóäøó ÃóíúÏöíóßõãú æóÃóÑúÌõáóßõãú ãöäú ÎöáÇÝò Ëõãøó áóÃõÕóáøöÈóäøóßõãú ÃóÌúãóÚöíäó (124)
ÞÇáõæÇ ÅöäøóÇ Åöáì ÑóÈøöäÇ ãõäúÞóáöÈõæäó (125) æóãÇ ÊóäúÞöãõ ãöäøóÇ ÅöáÇøó Ãóäú ÂãóäøóÇ ÈöÂíÇÊö ÑóÈøöäÇ áóãøóÇ ÌÇÁóÊúäÇ ÑóÈøóäÇ ÃóÝúÑöÛú ÚóáóíúäÇ ÕóÈúÑÇð æóÊóæóÝøóäÇ ãõÓúáöãöíäó (126)
ÚóØúÝñ Úóáóì ÝóÛõáöÈõæÇ æóÇäúÞóáóÈõæÇ [ÇáúÃóÚúÑóÇÝ: 119] ¡ Ýóåõæó Ýöí ÍóíøöÒö ÝóÇÁö ÇáÊøóÚúÞöíÈö¡ Ãóíú:
ÍóÕóáó Ðóáößó ßõáøõåõ ÚóÞöÈó ÊóáóÞøõÝö ÇáúÚóÕóÇ ãóÇ íóÃúÝößõæäó¡ Ãóíú: ÈöÏõæäö ãõåúáóÉò¡ æóÊóÚúÞöíÈõ ßõáøö ÔóíúÁò ÈöÍóÓóÈöåö¡ ÝóÓõÌõæÏõ ÇáÓøóÍóÑóÉö ãõÊóÃóÎøöÑñ Úóäú ãóÕöíÑöåöãú ÕóÇÛöÑöíäó¡ æóáóßöäøóåõ ãõÊóÃóÎøöÑñ ÈöÒóãóäò Þóáöíáò æóåõæó Òóãóäõ ÇäúÞöÏóÇÍö ÇáÏøóáöíáö Úóáóì ÕöÏúÞö ãõæÓóì Ýöí äõÝõæÓöåöãú¡ ÝóÅöäøóåõãú ßóÇäõæÇ ÃóÚúáóãó ÇáäøóÇÓö ÈöÇáÓøöÍúÑö ÝóáóÇ íóÎúÝóì Úóáóíúåöãú ãóÇ åõæó ÎóÇÑöÌñ Úóäö ÇáúÃóÚúãóÇáö ÇáÓøöÍúÑöíøóÉö¡ æóáöÐóáößó áóãøóÇ ÑóÃóæúÇ ÊóáóÞøõÝó ÚóÕóÇ ãõæÓóì áöÍöÈóÇáöåöãú æóÚöÕöíøöåöãú ÌóÒóãõæÇ ÈöÃóäøó Ðóáößó ÎóÇÑöÌñ Úóäú ØóæúÞö ÇáÓøóÇÍöÑö¡ ÝóÚóáöãõæÇ Ãóäøóåõ ÊóÃúíöíÏñ ãöäó Çááøóåö áöãõæÓóì æóÃóíúÞóäõæÇ Ãóäøó ãóÇ ÏóÚóÇåõãú Åöáóíúåö ãõæÓóì ÍóÞøñ¡ ÝóáöÐóáößó ÓóÌóÏõæÇ¡ æóßóÇäó åóÐóÇ ÎóÇÕøðÇ Èöåöãú Ïõæäó ÈóÞöíøóÉö ÇáúÍóÇÖöÑöíäó¡ ÝóáöÐóáößó ÌöíÁó ÈöÇáöÇÓúãö ÇáÙøóÇåöÑö Ïõæäó ÇáÖøóãöíÑö áöÆóáøóÇ íóáúÊóÈöÓó ÈöÇáÖøóãöíÑö ÇáøóÐöí ÞóÈúáóåõ ÇáøóÐöí åõæó ÔóÇãöáñ áöáÓøóÍóÑóÉö æóÛóíúÑöåöãú.
æóÇáúÅöáúÞóÇÁõ: ãõÓúÊóÚúãóáñ Ýöí ÓõÑúÚóÉö Çáúåõæöíøö Åöáóì ÇáúÃóÑúÖö¡ Ãóíú: áóãú íóÊóãóÇáóßõæÇ Ãóäú ÓóÌóÏõæÇ ÈöÏõæäö ÊóÑóíøõËò æóáóÇ ÊóÑóÏøõÏò.
æóÈõäöíó ÝöÚúáõ ÇáúÅöáúÞóÇÁö áöáúãóÌúåõæáö áöÙõåõæÑö ÇáúÝóÇÚöáö¡ æóåõæó ÃóäúÝõÓõåõãú¡ æóÇáÊøóÞúÏöíÑõ: æóÃóáúÞóæúÇ ÃóäúÝõÓóåõãú Úóáóì ÇáúÃóÑúÖö.
æÓÇÌöÏöíäó ÍóÇáñ¡ æóÇáÓøõÌõæÏõ åóíúÆóÉñ ÎóÇÕøóÉñ áöÅöáúÞóÇÁö ÇáúãóÑúÁö äóÝúÓóåõ Úóáóì ÇáúÃóÑúÖö íõÞúÕóÏõ ãöäúåóÇ ÇáúÅöÝúÑóÇØõ Ýöí ÇáÊøóÚúÙöíãö¡ æóÓõÌõæÏõåõãú ßóÇäó áöáøóåö ÇáøóÐöí ÚóÑóÝõæåõ ÍöíäóÆöÐò ÈöÙõåõæÑö ãõÚúÌöÒóÉö ãõæÓóì- Úóáóíúåö ÇáÓøóáóÇãõ- æóÇáÏøóÇÚöí Åöáóíúåö ÈöÚõäúæóÇäö ßóæúäöåö ÑóÈøó ÇáúÚóÇáóãöíäó.(9/52)
æóÌõãúáóÉõ: ÞÇáõæÇ ÈóÏóáõ ÇÔúÊöãóÇáò ãöäú ÌõãúáóÉö: ÃõáúÞöíó ÇáÓøóÍóÑóÉõ áöÃóäøó Çáúåõæöíøó áöáÓøõÌõæÏö ÇÔúÊóãóáó Úóáóì Ðóáößó ÇáúÞóæúáö¡ æóåõãú ÞóÕóÏõæÇ ãöäú Þóæúáöåöãú Ðóáößó ÇáúÅöÚúáóÇäó ÈöÅöíãóÇäöåöãú ÈöÇááøóåö áöÆóáøóÇ íóÙõäøó ÇáäøóÇÓõ Ãóäøóåõãú ÓóÌóÏõæÇ áöÝöÑúÚóæúäó¡ ÅöÐú ßóÇäóÊú ÚóÇÏóÉõ ÇáúÞöÈúØö ÇáÓøõÌõæÏó áöÝöÑúÚóæúäó¡ æóáöÐóáößó æóÕóÝõæÇ Çááøóåó ÈöÃóäøóåõ ÑóÈøõ ÇáúÚóÇáóãöíäó ÈöÇáúÚõäúæóÇäö ÇáøóÐöí ÏóÚóÇ Èöåö ãõæÓóì- Úóáóíúåö ÇáÓøóáóÇãõ-¡ æóáóÚóáøóåõãú áóãú íóßõæäõæÇ íóÚúÑöÝõæäó ÇÓúãðÇ ÚóáóãðÇ áöáøóåö ÊóÚóÇáóì¡ ÅöÐú áóãú íóßõäú áöáøóåö ÇÓúãñ ÚöäúÏóåõãú¡ æóÞóÏú Úõáöãó ÈöÐóáößó Ãóäøóåõãú ßóÝóÑõæÇ ÈöÅöáóÇåöíøóÉö ÝöÑúÚóæúäó.
æóÒóÇÏõæÇ åóÐóÇ ÇáúÞóÕúÏó ÈóíóÇäðÇ ÈÇáÅÈÏÇá ãä ÈöÑóÈøö ÇáúÚÇáóãöíäó Þóæúáóåõãú ÑóÈøö ãõæÓì æóåÇÑõæäó áöÆóáøóÇ íõÊóæóåøóãó ÇáúãõÈóÇáóÛóÉõ Ýöí æóÕúÝö ÝöÑúÚóæúäó ÈöÃóäøóåõ ÑóÈøõ ÌóãöíÚö ÇáúÚóÇáóãöíäó¡ æóÊóÚóíøóäó Ýöí ÊóÚúÑöíÝö ÇáúÈóÏóáö ØóÑöíÞõ ÊóÚúÑöíÝö ÇáúÅöÖóÇÝóÉö áöÃóäøóåóÇ ÃóÎúÕóÑõ ØóÑöíÞò¡ æóÃóæúÖóÍõåõ åõäóÇ¡ áóÇ ÓöíøóãóÇ ÅöÐóÇ áóãú íóßõæäõæÇ íóÚúÑöÝõæäó
ÇÓúãðÇ ÚóáóãðÇ Úóáóì ÇáÐøóÇÊö ÇáúÚóáöíøóÉö. æóåóÐóÇ ãóÇ íóÞúÊóÖöíåö ÊóÚúáöíãõ Çááøóåö ÇÓúãóåõ áöãõæÓóì Íöíäó ßóáøóãóåõ ÝóÞóÇáó:
Åöäøóäöí ÃóäóÇ Çááøóåõ Ýöí ÓõæÑóÉö Øå [14] . æóÝöí ÓöÝúÑö ÇáúÎõÑõæÌö æóÞóÇáó Çááøóåõ áöãõæÓóì åóßóÐóÇ ÊóÞõæáõ áöÈóäöí ÅöÓúÑóÇÆöíáó (íóåúæóåõ) Åöáóåõ ÂÈóÇÆößõãú ÅöáóÎö ÇáöÇÕúÍóÇÍö ÇáËøóÇáöËö.
æóÝõÕöáóÊú ÌõãúáóÉõ: ÞÇáó ÝöÑúÚóæúäõ áöæõÞõæÚöåóÇ Ýöí ØóÑöíÞö ÇáãÍÇæÑÉ.
æóÞóæáå: ÂãóäúÊõãú ÞóÑóÃóåõ ÇáúÌõãúåõæÑõ ÈöÕöíÛóÉö ÇáöÇÓúÊöÝúåóÇãö- ÈöåóãúÒóÊóíúäö- Ýóãöäúåõãú ãóäú ÍóÞøóÞóåóÇ¡ æóåõãú: ÍóãúÒóÉõ¡ æóÇáúßöÓóÇÆöíøõ¡ æóÃóÈõæ ÈóßúÑò Úóäú ÚóÇÕöãò¡ æóÑóæúÍñ Úóäú íóÚúÞõæÈó¡ æóÎóáóÝò¡ æóãöäúåõãú ãóäú Óóåøóáó ÇáËøóÇäöíóÉó ãóÏøóÉð¡ ÝóÕóÇÑó ÈóÚúÏó ÇáúåóãúÒóÉö ÇáúÃõæáóì ãóÏøóÊóÇäö¡ æóåóÄõáóÇÁö åõãú: äóÇÝöÚñ¡ æóÃóÈõæ ÚóãúÑòæ¡ æóÇÈúäõ ÚóÇãöÑò¡ æóÞóÑóÃóåõ ÍóÝúÕñ Úóäú ÚóÇÕöãò- ÈöåóãúÒóÉò æóÇÍöÏóÉò- ÝóíóÌõæÒõ Ãóäú íóßõæäó ÅöÎúÈóÇÑðÇ¡ æóíóÌõæÒõ Ãóäú Êóßõæäó åóãúÒóÉõ ÇáöÇÓúÊöÝúåóÇãö ãóÍúÐõæÝóÉð æóãóÇ Ðóáößó ÈöÈöÏúÚò.
æóÇáöÇÓúÊöÝúåóÇãõ áöáúÅöäúßóÇÑö æóÇáÊøóåúÏöíÏö ãóÌóÇÒðÇ ãõÑúÓóáðÇ ãõÑóßøóÈðÇ¡ æóÇáúÅöÎúÈóÇÑõ ãõÓúÊóÚúãóáñ ßóÐóáößó ÃóíúÖðÇ áöÙõåõæÑö Ãóäøóåõ áóÇ íóÞúÕöÏõ ÍóÞöíÞóÉó ÇáöÇÓúÊöÝúåóÇãö æóáóÇ ÍóÞöíÞóÉó ÇáúÅöÎúÈóÇÑö áöÃóäøó ÇáúãõÎóÇØóÈöíäó ÕóÑøóÍõæÇ ÈöÐóáößó æóÚóáöãõæåõ¡ æóÇáÖøóãöíÑõ ÇáúãóÌúÑõæÑõ ÈöÇáúÈóÇÁö ÚóÇÆöÏñ Åöáóì ãõæÓóì¡ Ãóíú: ÂãóäúÊõãú ÈöãóÇ ÞóÇáóåõ¡ Ãóæú Åöáóì ÑóÈøö ãõæÓóì.
æóÌõãúáóÉõ: Åöäøó åóÐóÇ áóãóßúÑñ ÅöáóÎú ... ÎóÈóÑñ ãõÑóÇÏñ Èöåö áóÇÒöãõ ÇáúÝóÇÆöÏóÉ Ãóí: ÞÏ ÚóáöãúÊõ ãõÑóÇÏóßõãú áöÃóäøó ÇáúãõÎóÇØóÈó áóÇ íõÎúÈóÑõ ÈöÔóíúÁò ÕóÏóÑó ãöäúåõ¡ ßóÞóæúáö ÚóäúÊóÑóÉó:
Åöäú ßõäúÊö ÃóÒúãóÚúÊö ÇáúÝöÑóÇÞö ÝóÅöäøóãóÇ ... ÒõãøóÊú ÑößóÇÈõßõãõ Èöáóíúáò ãõÙúáöãö
Ãóíú: Åöäú ßõäúÊö ÃóÎúÝóíúÊö Úóäøöí ÚóÒúãóßö Úóáóì ÇáúÝöÑóÇÞö ÝóÞóÏú ÚóáöãúÊõ Ãóäøóßõãú ÔóÏóÏúÊõãú ÑöÍóÇáóßõãú Èöáóíúáò áöÊóÑúÍóáõæÇ ÎõÝúíóÉð.(9/53)
æóÞóæúáõåõ: ÞóÈúáó Ãóäú ÂÐóäó áóßõãú ÊóÑóÞøò Ýöí ãõæÌöÈö ÇáÊøóæúÈöíÎö¡ Ãóíú áóãú íóßúÝößõãú Ãóäøóßõãú ÂãóäúÊõãú ÈöÛóíúÑöí ÍóÊøóì ÝóÚóáúÊõãú Ðóáößó Úóäú ÛóíúÑö ÇÓúÊöÆúÐóÇäò¡ æóÝóÕúáõåóÇ ÚóãøóÇ ÞóÈúáóåóÇ áöÃóäøóåóÇ ÊöÚúÏóÇÏñ áöáÊøóæúÈöíÎö.
æóÇáúãóßúÑõ ÊóÞóÏøóãó ÚöäúÏó Þóæúáöåö ÊóÚóÇáóì: æóãóßóÑõæÇ æóãóßóÑó Çááøóåõ Ýöí ÓõæÑóÉö Âáö ÚöãúÑóÇäó [54] ¡ æóÊóÞóÏøóãó ÂäöÝðÇ ÚöäúÏó Þóæúáöåö ÊóÚóÇáóì: ÃóÝóÃóãöäõæÇ ãóßúÑó Çááøóåö [ÇáúÃóÚúÑóÇÝ: 99] .
æóÇáÖøóãöíÑõ ÇáúãóäúÕõæÈõ Ýöí ãóßóÑúÊõãõæåõ ÖóãöíÑõ ÇáúãóÕúÏóÑö ÇáúãõÄóßøöÏö áöÝöÚúáöåö.
æÝöí ÙóÑúÝöíøóÉñ ãóÌóÇÒöíøóÉñ: ÌõÚöáó ãóßúÑõåõãú ßóÃóäøóåõ ãóæúÖõæÚñ Ýöí ÇáúãóÏöíäóÉö ßóãóÇ íõæÖóÚõ ÇáúÚõäúÕõÑõ ÇáúãõÝúÓöÏõ¡ Ãóíú: ÃóÑóÏúÊõãú ÅöÖúÑóÇÑó ÃóåúáöåóÇ¡ æóáóíúÓóÊú ÙóÑúÝöíøóÉð ÍóÞöíÞöíøóÉð áöÃóäøóåóÇ áóÇ ÌóÏúæóì áóåóÇ ÅöÐú ãóÚúáõæãñ áößõáøö
ÃóÍóÏò Ãóäøó ãóßúÑóåõãú æóÞóÚó Ýöí Êöáúßó ÇáúãóÏöíäóÉö¡ æóÝóÓøóÑóåõ Ýöí «ÇáúßóÔøóÇÝö» ÈöÃóäøóåõãú ÏóÈøóÑõæåõ Ýöí ÇáúãóÏöíäóÉö Íöíäó ßóÇäõæÇ ÈöåóÇ ÞóÈúáó ÇáúÍõÖõæÑö Åöáóì ÇáÕøóÍúÑóÇÁö ÇáøóÊöí æóÞóÚóÊú ÝöíåóÇ ÇáúãõÍóÇæóÑóÉõ¡ æóÞóÏú ÊóÈóíøóäó Ãóäøó ÇáúãõÑóÇÏó ÈöÇáÙøóÑúÝöíøóÉö ãóÇ ÐóßóÑúäóÇåõ ÈöÇáÊøóÚúáöíáö ÇáøóÐöí ÈóÚúÏóåóÇ Ýöí Þóæúáöåö: áöÊõÎúÑöÌõæÇ ãöäúåÇ ÃóåúáóåÇ æóÇáúãõÑóÇÏõ- åõäóÇ- ÈóÚúÖõ ÃóåúáöåóÇ¡ æóåõãú Èóäõæ ÅöÓúÑóÇÆöíáó¡ áöÃóäøó ãõæÓóì ÌóÇÁó ØóáóÈðÇ áöÅöÎúÑóÇÌö Èóäöí ÅöÓúÑóÇÆöíáó ßóãóÇ ÊóÞóÏøóãó.
æóÞóæúáõ ÝöÑúÚóæúäó åóÐóÇ íõÍúÊóãóáõ Ãóäøóåõ ÞóÇáóåõ ãõæóÇÝöÞðÇ áöÙóäøöåö Úóáóì ÓóÈöíáö ÇáÊøõåúãóÉö áóåõãú áöÃóäøóåõ áóãú íóßõäú áóåõ Úöáúãñ ÈöÏóÞóÇÆöÞö Úöáúãö ÇáÓøöÍúÑö ÍóÊøóì íõÝóÑøöÞó Èóíúäóåõ æóÈóíúäó ÇáúãõÚúÌöÒóÉö ÇáúÎóÇÑöÞóÉö áöáúÚóÇÏóÉö¡ ÝóÙóäøó ÃóäøóåóÇ ãóßöíÏóÉñ ÏóÈøóÑóåóÇ ãõæÓóì ãóÚó ÇáÓøóÍóÑóÉö¡ æóÃóäøóåõ áößóæúäöåö ÃóÚúáóãóåõãú Ãóæú ãõÚóáøöãóåõãú ÃóãúÑóåõãú ÝóÃúÊóãóÑõæÇ ÈöÃóãúÑöåö¡ ßóãóÇ Ýöí ÇáúÂíóÉö ÇáúÃõÎúÑóì Åöäøóåõ áóßóÈöíÑõßõãõ ÇáøóÐöí Úóáøóãóßõãõ ÇáÓøöÍúÑó [Øå: 71] .
æóíõÍúÊóãóáõ Ãóäøóåõ ÞóÇáóåõ ÊóãúæöíåðÇ æóÈõåúÊóÇäðÇ áöíóÕúÑöÝó ÇáäøóÇÓó Úóäö ÇÊøöÈóÇÚö ÇáÓøóÍóÑóÉö¡ æóÚóäö ÇáÊøóÃóËøõÑö ÈöÛóáóÈóÉö ãõæÓóì ÅöíøóÇåõãú ÝóíõÏúÎöáõ Úóáóíúåöãú ÔóßøðÇ Ýöí ÏóáóÇáóÉö ÇáúÛóáóÈóÉö æóÇÚúÊöÑóÇÝö ÇáÓøóÍóÑóÉö ÈöåóÇ¡ æóÃóäøó Ðóáößó ãõæóÇØóÃóÉñ Èóíúäó ÇáúÛóÇáöÈö æóÇáúãóÛúáõæÈö áöÛóÇíóÉò ãóÞúÕõæÏóÉò¡ æóåõæó ãõæóÇÝöÞñ Ýöí Þóæúáöåö åóÐóÇ¡ áöãóÇ ßóÇäó ÃóÔóÇÑó Èöåö.
ÇáúãóáóÃõ ãöäú Þóæúãöåö Íöíäó ÞóÇáõæÇ: íõÑöíÏõ Ãóäú íõÎúÑöÌóßõãú ãöäú ÃóÑúÖößõãú ÈöÓöÍúÑöåö [ÇáÔøõÚóÑóÇÁ: 35] æóÃóíøðÇ ãóÇ ßóÇäó ÝóÚóÒúãõåõ Úóáóì ÊóÚúÐöíÈöåöãú ãóÕöíÑñ Åöáóì ÇáÙøõáúãö æóÇáúÛóÔúãö áöÃóäøóåõ ãóÇ ßóÇäó íóÍöÞøõ áóåõ Ãóäú íóÃúÎõÐåõãú ÈÇáÊåãÉ¡ Èáå Ãóäú íõÚóÇÞöÈóåõãú Úóáóì ÇáúãóÕöíÑö Åöáóì ÇáúÍõÌøóÉö¡ æóáóßöäøóåõ áóãøóÇ ÃóÚúÌóÒóÊúåõ ÇáúÍõÌøóÉõ ÕóÇÑó Åöáóì ÇáúÌóÈóÑõæÊö.
æóÝóÑøóÚó Úóáóì ÇáúÅöäúßóÇÑö æóÇáÊøóæúÈöíÎö ÇáúæóÚöíÏó ÈöÞóæúáöåö: ÝóÓóæúÝó ÊóÚúáóãõæäó¡ æóÍóÐóÝó ãóÝúÚõæáó ÊóÚúáóãõæäó áöÞóÕúÏö ÇáúÅöÌúãóÇáö Ýöí ÇáúæóÚöíÏö áöÅöÏúÎóÇáö ÇáÑøõÚúÈö¡ Ëõãøó Èóíøóäóåõ ÈöÌõãúáóÉö áóÃõÞóØøöÚóäøó ÃóíúÏöíóßõãú æóÃóÑúÌõáóßõãú ãöäú ÎöáÇÝò. æóæõÞõæÚõ ÇáúÌóãúÚö ãõÚóÑøóÝðÇ ÈöÇáúÅöÖóÇÝóÉö íõßúÓöÈõåõ ÇáúÚõãõæãó ÝóíóÚõãøõ(9/54)
ßõáøó íóÏò æóßõáøó ÑöÌúáò ãöäú ÃóíúÏöí æóÃóÑúÌõáö ÇáÓøóÍóÑóÉö.
æãöäú Ýöí Þóæúáöåö: ãöäú ÎöáÇÝò ÇÈúÊöÏóÇÆöíøóÉñ áöÈóíóÇäö ãóæúÖöÚö ÇáúÞóØúÚö ÈöÇáäøöÓúÈóÉö Åöáóì ÇáúÚõÖúæö ÇáËøóÇäöí¡ æóÞóÏú ÊóÞóÏøóãó ÈóíóÇäõ äóÙöíÑöåóÇ ÚöäúÏó Þóæúáöåö ÊóÚóÇáóì: Ãóæú ÊõÞóØøóÚó ÃóíúÏöíåöãú æóÃóÑúÌõáõåõãú ãöäú ÎöáÇÝò Ýöí ÓõæÑóÉö ÇáúãóÇÆöÏóÉö [33] . ÝóÇáúãóÚúäóì: Ãóäøóåõ íóÞúØóÚõ ãöäú ßõáøö ÓóÇÍöÑò íóÏðÇ æóÑöÌúáðÇ ãõÊóÎóÇáöÝóÊöíö ÇáúÌöåóÉö ÛóíúÑó ãõÊóÞóÇÈöáóÊóíúåóÇ¡ Ãóíú: Åöäú ÞóØóÚó íóÏóåõ Çáúíõãúäóì ÞóØóÚó ÑöÌúáóåõ ÇáúíõÓúÑóì æóÇáúÚóßúÓõ¡ æóÅöäøóãóÇ áóãú íóÞúØóÚö ÇáúÞóæóÇÆöãó ÇáúÃóÑúÈóÚó áöÃóäøó ÇáúãóÞúÕõæÏó ÈóÞóÇÁõ ÇáÔøóÎúÕö ãõÊóãóßøöäðÇ ãöäó ÇáúãóÔúíö ãõÊóæóßøöÆðÇ Úóáóì ÚõæÏò ÊóÍúÊó ÇáúíóÏö ãöäú ÌöåóÉö ÇáÑøöÌúáö ÇáúãóÞúØõæÚóÉö.
æóÏóáøóÊú Ëõãøó Úóáóì ÇáöÇÑúÊöÞóÇÁö Ýöí ÇáúæóÚíÏ ÈÇáËáÈ¡ æóÇáúãóÚúÑõæÝõ Ãóäøó ÇáÕøóáúÈó Ãóäú íõÞúÊóáó ÇáúãóÑúÁõ
ãóÔúÏõæÏðÇ Úóáóì ÎóÔóÈóÉò¡ æóÊóÞóÏøóãó Ýöí Þóæúáöåö: æóãÇ ÞóÊóáõæåõ æóãÇ ÕóáóÈõæåõ Ýöí ÓõæÑóÉö ÇáäøöÓóÇÁö [157] ¡ æóÚóáóì åóÐóÇ íóßõæäõ ÊóæóÚøóÏóåõãú ÈöäóæúÚóíúäö ãöäó ÇáúÚóÐóÇÈö. æóÇáúæóÚöíÏõ ãõæóÌøóåñ Åöáóì ÌóãóÇÚóÊöåöãú ÝóÚõáöãó Ãóäøóåõ ÌóÚóáóåõãú ÝóÑöíÞóíúäö: ÝóÑöíÞñ íõÚóÐøóÈõ ÈöÇáúÞóØúÚö ãöäú ÎöáóÇÝò¡ æóÝóÑöíÞñ íõÚóÐøóÈõ ÈöÇáÕøóáúÈö æóÇáúÞóÊúáö¡ ÝóÚóáóì åóÐóÇ áóíúÓó ÇáúãóÚúäóì Úóáóì Ãóäøóåõ íóÕúáõÈõåõãú ÈóÚúÏó Ãóäú íõÞóØøöÚóåõãú¡ ÅöÐú áóÇ ÝóÇÆöÏóÉó Ýöí ÊóÞúíöíÏö ÇáúÞóØúÚö Èößóæúäöåö ãöäú ÎöáóÇÝò ÍöíäóÆöÐò æóíõÍúÊóãóáõ Ãóäú íõÑóÇÏó ÈöÇáÕøóáúÈö: ÇáÕøóáúÈõ Ïõæäó ÞóÊúáò¡ Ýóíóßõæäõ ÃóÑóÇÏó ÕóáúÈóåõãú ÈóÚúÏó ÇáúÞóØúÚö áöíóÌúÚóáóåõãú äóßóÇáðÇ íóäúÐóÚöÑõ Èöåöãõ ÇáäøóÇÓõ¡ ßóíúáóÇ íóÞúÏóãó ÃóÍóÏñ Úóáóì ÚöÕúíóÇäö ÃóãúÑöåö ãöäú ÈóÚúÏõ¡ ÝóÊóßõæäõ (Ëõãøó) ÏóÇáøóÉð Úóáóì ÇáÊøóÑúÊöíÈö æóÇáúãõåúáóÉö¡ æóáóÚóáøó ÇáúãõåúáóÉó ÞóÕóÏó ãöäúåóÇ ãõÏøóÉó ßóíøö æóÇäúÏöãóÇáö ãóæúÖöÚö ÇáúÞóØúÚö¡ æóåóÐóÇ åõæó ÇáúãõäóÇÓöÈõ áöÙóÇåöÑö Þóæúáöåö: ÃóÌúãóÚöíäó ÇáúãõÝöíÏö Ãóäøó ÇáÕøóáúÈó íóäóÇáõåõãú ßõáøóåõãú.
æóÝõÕöáóÊú ÌõãúáóÉõ ÞÇáõæÇ ÅöäøóÇ Åöáì ÑóÈøöäÇ ãõäúÞóáöÈõæäó áöæõÞõæÚöåóÇ Ýöí ÓöíóÇÞö ÇáúãõÍóÇæóÑóÉö.
æóÇáöÇäúÞöáóÇÈõ: ÇáÑøõÌõæÚõ æóÞóÏú ÊóÞóÏøóãó ÞóÑöíÈðÇ. æóåóÐóÇ ÌóæóÇÈñ Úóäú æóÚöíÏö ÝöÑúÚóæúäó ÈöÃóäøóåõ æóÚöíÏñ áóÇ íõÖöíÑõåõãú¡ áöÃóäøóåõãú íóÚúáóãõæäó Ãóäøóåõãú ÕóÇÆöÑõæäó Åöáóì Çááøóåö ÑóÈøö ÇáúÌóãöíÚö¡ æóÞóÏú ÌóÇÁó åóÐóÇ ÇáúÌóæóÇÈõ ãõæÌóÒðÇ ÅöíÌóÇÒðÇ ÈóÏöíÚðÇ áöÃóäøóåõ íóÊóÖóãøóäõ Ãóäøóåõãú íóÑúÌõæäó ËóæóÇÈó Çááøóåö Úóáóì ãóÇ íóäóÇáõåõãú ãöäú ÚóÐóÇÈö ÝöÑúÚóæúäó¡ æóíóÑúÌõæäó ãöäúåõ ãóÛúÝöÑóÉó ÐõäõæÈöåöãú¡ æóíóÑúÌõæäó ÇáúÚöÞóÇÈó áöÝöÑúÚóæúäó Úóáóì Ðóáößó¡ æóÅöÐóÇ ßóÇäó ÇáúãõÑóÇÏõ ÈöÇáÕøóáúÈö ÇáúÞóÊúáó æóßóÇäó ÇáúãõÑóÇÏõ ÊóåúÏöíÏó ÌóãöíÚö ÇáúãõÄúãöäöíäó¡ ßóÇäó Þóæúáõåõãú: ÅöäøóÇ Åöáì ÑóÈøöäÇ ãõäúÞóáöÈõæäó ÊóÔóæøõÞðÇ Åöáóì Íõáõæáö Ðóáößó Èöåöãú ãóÍóÈøóÉð áöáöÞóÇÁö Çááøóåö ÊóÚóÇáóì¡ ÝóÅöäøó Çááøóåó ÊóÚóÇáóì áóãøóÇ åóÏóÇåõãú Åöáóì ÇáúÅöíãóÇäö ÃóßúÓóÈóåõãú ãóÍóÈøóÉó áöÞóÇÆöåö¡ Ëõãøó ÈóíøóäõæÇ Ãóäøó ÚöÞóÇÈó ÝöÑúÚóæúäó áóÇ ÛóÖóÇÖóÉó Úóáóíúåöãú ãöäúåõ¡ áöÃóäøóåõ áóãú íóßõäú Úóäú ÌöäóÇíóÉò ÊóÕöãõåõãú Èóáú ßóÇäó Úóáóì ÇáúÅöíãóÇäö ÈöÂíóÇÊö áóãøóÇ ÙóåóÑóÊú áóåõãú. Ãóíú: ÝóÅöäøóßó áóÇ(9/55)
ÊóÚúÑöÝõ áóäóÇ ÓóÈóÈðÇ íõæÌöÈõ ÇáúÚõÞõæÈóÉó ÛóíúÑó Ðóáößó.
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æóÌõãúáóÉõ ÑóÈøóäÇ ÃóÝúÑöÛú ÚóáóíúäÇ ÕóÈúÑÇð ãöäú ÊóãóÇãö ßóáóÇãöåöãú¡ æóåöíó ÇäúÊöÞóÇáñ ãöäú ÎöØóÇÈöåöãú ÝöÑúÚóæúäó Åöáóì ÇáÊøóæóÌøõåö Åöáóì ÏõÚóÇÁö Çááøóåö ÊóÚóÇáóì¡ æóáöÐóáößó ÝõÕöáóÊú Úóäö ÇáúÌõãúáóÉö ÇáøóÊöí ÞóÈúáóåóÇ.
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æóáóãøóÇ ßóÇäó Ðóáößó ÇáúæóÚöíÏõ ãöãøóÇ áóÇ ÊõØöíÞõåõ ÇáäøõÝõæÓõ ÓóÃóáõæÇ Çááøóåó Ãóäú íóÌúÚóáó áöäõÝõæÓöåöãú ÕóÈúÑðÇ ÞóæöíøðÇ¡ íÝæÞ ÇáúãõÊóÚóÇÑÝ¡ ÝÔå ÇáÕøóÈúÑõ ÈöãóÇÁò ÊóÔúÈöíåó ÇáúãóÚúÞõæáö ÈöÇáúãóÍúÓõæÓö¡ Úóáóì ØóÑöíÞóÉö ÇáöÇÓúÊöÚóÇÑóÉö ÇáúãóßúäöíøóÉö¡ æóÔõÈøöåó ÎóáúÞõåõ Ýöí äõÝõæÓöåöãú ÈöÅöÝúÑóÇÛö ÇáúãóÇÁö ãöäó ÇáúÅöäóÇÁö Úóáóì ØóÑöíÞóÉö ÇáÊøóÎúíöíáöíøóÉö¡ ÝóÅöäøó ÇáúÅöÝúÑóÇÛó ÕóÈøõ ÌóãöíÚö ãóÇ Ýöí ÇáúÅöäóÇÁö¡ æóÇáúãóÞúÕõæÏõ ãöäú Ðóáößó ÇáúßöäóÇíóÉõ Úóäú ÞõæøóÉö ÇáÕøóÈúÑö áöÃóäøó ÅöÝúÑóÇÛó ÇáúÅöäÇÁö íóÓúÊóáúÒöãõ Ãóäøóåõ áóãú íóÈúÞó Ýöíåö ÔóíúÁñ ãöãøóÇ ÍóæóÇåõ¡ ÝóÇÔúÊóãóáóÊú åóÐöåö ÇáúÌõãúáóÉõ Úóáóì ãóßúäöíøóÉò æóÊóÎúíöíáöíøóÉò æóßöäóÇíóÉò.
æóÊóÞóÏøóãó äóÙöíÑõåõ Ýöí Þóæúáöåö ÊóÚóÇáóì: ÞÇáõæÇ ÑóÈøóäÇ ÃóÝúÑöÛú ÚóáóíúäÇ ÕóÈúÑÇð Ýöí ÓõæÑóÉö ÇáúÈóÞóÑóÉö [250] .
æóÏóÚóæúÇ áöÃóäúÝõÓöåöãú ÈöÇáúæóÝóÇÉö Úóáóì ÇáúÅöÓúáóÇãö ÅöíÐóÇäðÇ ÈöÃóäøóåõãú ÛóíúÑõ ÑóÇÛöÈöíäó Ýöí ÇáúÍóíóÇÉö¡ æóáóÇ ãõÈóÇáöíäó ÈöæóÚöíÏö ÝöÑúÚóæúäó¡ æóÃóäøó åöãøóÊóåõãú áóÇ ÊóÑúÌõæ ÅöáøóÇ ÇáäøóÌóÇÉó Ýöí ÇáúÂÎöÑóÉö¡ æóÇáúÝóæúÒó ÈöãóÇ ÚöäúÏó Çááøóåö¡ æóÞóÏö ÇäúÎóÐóáó ÈöÐóáößó ÝöÑúÚóæúäõ¡ æóÐóåóÈó æóÚöíÏõåõ ÈóÇØöáðÇ¡ æóáóÚóáøóåõ áóãú íõÍóÞøöÞú ãóÇ ÊóæóÚøóÏóåõãú Èöåö áöÃóäøó Çááøóåó ÃóßúÑóãóåõãú ÝóäóÌøóÇåõãú ãöäú ÎöÒúíö ÇáÏøõäúíóÇ ßóãóÇ äóÌøóÇåõãú ãöäú ÚóÐóÇÈö ÇáúÂÎöÑóÉö.
æóÇáúÞõÑúÂäõ áóãú íóÊóÚóÑøóÖú åõäóÇ¡ æóáóÇ Ýöí ÓõæÑóÉö ÇáÔøõÚóÑóÇÁö¡ æóáóÇ Ýöí ÓõæÑóÉö Øóåó¡ áöáúÅöÎúÈóÇÑö Úóäú æõÞõæÚö ãóÇ ÊóæóÚøóÏóåõãú Èöåö ÝöÑúÚóæúäõ áöÃóäøó ÛóÑóÖó ÇáúÞóÕóÕö ÇáúÞõÑúÂäöíøóÉö åõæó ÇáöÇÚúÊöÈóÇÑõ ÈöãóÍóáøö ÇáúÚöÈúÑóÉö æóåõæó ÊóÃúíöíÏõ Çááøóåö ãõæÓóì æóåöÏóÇíóÉõ ÇáÓøóÍóÑóÉö æóÊóÕóáõÈõåõãú Ýöí ÅöíãóÇäöåöãú ÈóÚúÏó ÊóÚóÑøõÖöåöãú áöáúæóÚöíÏö ÈöäõÝõæÓò ãõØúãóÆöäøóÉò.(9/56)
æóÞóÇáó ÇáúãóáóÃõ ãöäú Þóæúãö ÝöÑúÚóæúäó ÃóÊóÐóÑõ ãõæÓóì æóÞóæúãóåõ áöíõÝúÓöÏõæÇ Ýöí ÇáúÃóÑúÖö æóíóÐóÑóßó æóÂáöåóÊóßó ÞóÇáó ÓóäõÞóÊøöáõ ÃóÈúäóÇÁóåõãú æóäóÓúÊóÍúíöí äöÓóÇÁóåõãú æóÅöäøóÇ ÝóæúÞóåõãú ÞóÇåöÑõæäó (127) ÞóÇáó ãõæÓóì áöÞóæúãöåö ÇÓúÊóÚöíäõæÇ ÈöÇááøóåö æóÇÕúÈöÑõæÇ Åöäøó ÇáúÃóÑúÖó áöáøóåö íõæÑöËõåóÇ ãóäú íóÔóÇÁõ ãöäú ÚöÈóÇÏöåö æóÇáúÚóÇÞöÈóÉõ áöáúãõÊøóÞöíäó (128)
æóáóíúÓó ãöäú ÛóÑóÖö ÇáúÞõÑúÂäö ãóÚúÑöÝóÉõ ÇáúÍóæóÇÏöËö ßóãóÇ ÞóÇáó Ýöí ÓõæÑóÉö ÇáäøóÇÒöÚóÇÊö [26] Åöäøó Ýöí Ðáößó áóÚöÈúÑóÉð áöãóäú íóÎúÔì¡ ÝóÇÎúÊöáóÇÝõ ÇáúãõÝóÓøöÑöíäó Ýöí ÇáúÈóÍúËö Úóäú ÊóÍúÞöíÞö æóÚöíÏö ÝöÑúÚóæúäó ÒöíóÇÏóÉñ Ýöí ÊóÝúÓöíÑö ÇáúÂíóÉö.
æóÇáÙøóÇåöÑõ Ãóäøó ÝöÑúÚóæúäó ÃõÝúÍöãó áóãøóÇ ÑóÃóì ÞöáøóÉó ãõÈóÇáóÇÊöåöãú ÈöæóÚöíÏöåö Ýóáóãú íóÑõÏøó ÌóæóÇÈðÇ.
æóÐößúÑõåõãõ ÇáúÅöÓúáóÇãó Ýöí ÏõÚóÇÆöåöãú íóÏõáøõ Úóáóì Ãóäøó Çááøóåó Ãóáúåóãóåõãú ÍóÞöíÞóÊóåõ ÇáøóÊöí ßóÇäó ÚóáóíúåóÇ ÇáäøóÈöíøõæäó æóÇáÕøöÏøöíÞõæäó ãöäú ÚóåúÏö ÅöÈúÑóÇåöíãó- Úóáóíúåö ÇáÓøóáóÇãõ-.
æóÇáÙøóÇåöÑõ Ãóäøó ßóáöãóÉó ãõÓúáöãöíäó ÊóÚúÈöíÑõ ÇáúÞõÑúÂäö Úóäú ÏõÚóÇÆöåöãú ÈöÃóäú íóÊóæóÝøóÇåõãõ Çááøóåõ Úóáóì ÍóÇáóÉö ÇáÕøöÏøöíÞöíäó¡ æóåöíó ÇáøóÊöí íóÌúãóÚõ áóÝúÙõ ÇáúÅöÓúáóÇãö ÊóÝúÕöíáóåóÇ¡ æóÞóÏú ÊóÞóÏøóãó ÔóÑúÍõ ãóÚúäóì ßóæúäö ÇáúÅöÓúáóÇãö æóåõæó Ïöíäõ ÇáúÃóäúÈöíóÇÁö ÚöäúÏó Þóæúáöåö: ÝóáÇ ÊóãõæÊõäøó ÅöáøóÇ æóÃóäúÊõãú ãõÓúáöãõæäó Ýöí ÓõæÑóÉ ÇáúÈóÞóÑóÉ [132] .
[127¡ 128]
[ÓõæÑóÉ ÇáúÃóÚúÑóÇÝ (7) : ÇáúÂíóÇÊ 127 Åöáóì 128]
æóÞÇáó ÇáúãóáóÃõ ãöäú Þóæúãö ÝöÑúÚóæúäó ÃóÊóÐóÑõ ãõæÓì æóÞóæúãóåõ áöíõÝúÓöÏõæÇ Ýöí ÇáúÃóÑúÖö æóíóÐóÑóßó æóÂáöåóÊóßó ÞÇáó ÓóäõÞóÊøöáõ ÃóÈúäÇÁóåõãú æóäóÓúÊóÍúíöí äöÓÇÁóåõãú æóÅöäøóÇ ÝóæúÞóåõãú ÞÇåöÑõæäó (127) ÞÇáó ãõæÓì áöÞóæúãöåö ÇÓúÊóÚöíäõæÇ ÈöÇááøóåö æóÇÕúÈöÑõæÇ Åöäøó ÇáúÃóÑúÖó áöáøóåö íõæÑöËõåÇ ãóäú íóÔÇÁõ ãöäú ÚöÈÇÏöåö æóÇáúÚÇÞöÈóÉõ áöáúãõÊøóÞöíäó (128)
ÌõãúáóÉõ: ÞÇáó ÇáúãóáóÃõ ÚóØúÝñ Úóáóì ÌõãúáóÉö: ÞÇáó ÝöÑúÚóæúäõ ÂãóäúÊõãú Èöåö [ÇáúÃóÚúÑóÇÝ: 123] Ãóæ Úáì ÍóãáóÉ ÞÇáó ÇáúãóáóÃõ ãöäú Þóæúãö ÝöÑúÚóæúäó Åöäøó åóÐóÇ áóÓÇÍöÑñ Úóáöíãñ [ÇáúÃóÚúÑóÇÝ: 109] . æóÅöäøóãóÇ ÚõØöÝóÊú æóáóãú ÊõÝúÕóáú áöÃóäøóåóÇ ÎóÇÑöÌóÉñ Úóäö ÇáúãõÍóÇæóÑóÉö ÇáøóÊöí Èóíúäó ÝöÑúÚóæúäó æóãóäú Âãóäó ãöäú Þóæúãöåö ÈöãõæÓóì æóÂíóÇÊöåö¡ áöÃóäøó ÃõæáóÆößó áóãú íõÚóÑøöÌõæÇ Úóáóì ÐößúÑö ãóáóÃö ÝöÑúÚóæúäó¡ Èóáú åöíó ãõÍóÇæóÑóÉñ Èóíúäó ãóáóÃö ÝöÑúÚóæúäó æóÈóíúäóåõ Ýöí æóÞúÊò ÛóíúÑö æóÞúÊö ÇáúãõÍóÇæóÑóÉö ÇáøóÊöí ÌóÑóÊú Èóíúäó ÝöÑúÚóæúäó æóÇáÓøóÍóÑóÉö¡ ÝóÅöäøóåõãú áóãøóÇ ÑóÃóæúÇ ÞöáøóÉó ÇßúÊöÑóÇËö ÇáúãõÄúãöäöíäó ÈöæóÚöíÏö ÝöÑúÚóæúä¡ æóÑóÃóæÇ ÞáøóÉ ÇßÊÑÇË ÇáúãõÄãäöíäó ÈæÚíÏ ÝöÑúÚóæúäó¡ æóÑóÃóæúÇ äõåõæÖó ÍõÌøóÊöåöãú Úóáóì ÝöÑúÚóæúäó æóÅöÝúÍóÇãóåõ. æóÃóäøóåõ áóãú íõÍöÑú ÌóæóÇÈðÇ. ÑóÇãõæÇ ÅöíÞóÇÙó Ðöåúäöåö¡ æóÅöÓúÚóÇÑó ÍóãöíøóÊöåö¡ ÝóÌóÇÁõæÇ ÈöåóÐóÇ ÇáúßóáóÇãö ÇáúãõËöíÑö áöÛóÖóÈö ÝöÑúÚóæúäó¡ æóáóÚóáøóåõãú ÑóÃóæúÇ ãöäúåõ ÊóÃóËøõÑðÇ ÈöãõÚúÌöÒóÉö ãõæÓóì æóãóæúÚöÙóÉö ÇáøóÐöíäó ÂãóäõæÇ ãöäú Þóæúãöåö(9/57)
æóÊóæóÞøóÚõæÇ ÚõÏõæáóåõ Úóäú ÊóÍúÞöíÞö æóÚöíÏöåö¡ ÝóåóÐöåö ÇáúÌõãúáóÉõ ãõÚúÊóÑöÖóÉñ Èóíúäó ãóÇ ÞóÈúáóåóÇ æóÈóíúäó ÌõãúáóÉö:
ÞÇáó ãõæÓì áöÞóæúãöåö ÇÓúÊóÚöíäõæÇ ÈöÇááøóåö.
æóÇáöÇÓúÊöÝúåóÇãõ Ýöí Þóæúáöåö: ÃóÊóÐóÑõ ãõæÓì ãõÓúÊóÚúãóáñ Ýöí ÇáúÅöÛúÑóÇÁö ÈöÅöåúáóÇßö ãõæÓóì æóÞóæúãöåö æóÇáúÅöäúßóÇÑö Úóáóì ÇáúÅöÈúØóÇÁö ÈöÅöÊúáóÇÝöåöãú¡ æóãõæÓóì ãóÝúÚõæáõ ÊóÐóÑõ Ãóíú ÊóÊúÑõßõåõ ãõÊóÕóÑøöÝðÇ æóáóÇ ÊóÃúÎõÐõ Úóáóì íóÏöåö.
æóÇáúßóáóÇãõ Úóáóì ÝöÚúáö ÊóÐóÑõ ÊóÞóÏøóãó Ýöí Þóæúáöåö: æóÐóÑö ÇáøóÐöíäó ÇÊøóÎóÐõæÇ Ïöíäóåõãú áóÚöÈÇð Ýöí ÇáúÃóäúÚóÇãö [70] .
æóÞóæúãõ ãõæÓóì åõãú ãóäú Âãóäó Èöåö¡ æóÃõæáóÆößó åã ÈäæÇ ÅöÓúÑóÇÆöíáó ßõáøõåõãú æóãóäú Âãóäó ãöäó ÇáúÞöÈúØö.
æóÇááøóÇãõ Ýöí Þóæúáöåö: áöíõÝúÓöÏõæÇ áóÇãõ ÇáÊøóÚúáöíáö æóåõæó ãõÈóÇáóÛóÉñ Ýöí ÇáúÅöäúßóÇÑö ÅöÐú ÌóÚóáõæÇ ÊóÑúßó ãõæÓóì æóÞóæúãöåö ãõÚóáøóáðÇ ÈöÇáúÝóÓóÇÏö¡ æóåóÐöåö ÇááøóÇãõ ÊõÓóãøóì áóÇãó ÇáúÚóÇÞöÈóÉö¡ æóáóíúÓóÊö ÇáúÚóÇÞöÈóÉõ ãóÚúäðì ãöäú ãóÚóÇäöí ÇááøóÇãö ÍóÞöíÞóÉð æóáóßöäøóåóÇ ãóÌóÇÒñ: ÔõÈøöåó ÇáúÍóÇÕöáõ ÚóÞöÈó ÇáúÝöÚúáö áóÇ ãóÍóÇáóÉó ÈöÇáúÛóÑóÖö ÇáøóÐöí íõÝúÚóáõ ÇáúÝöÚúáõ áöÊóÍúÕöíáöåö¡ æóÇÓúÊõÚöíÑó áöÐóáößó ÇáúãóÚúäóì ÍóÑúÝõ ÇááøóÇãö ÚöæóÖðÇ Úóäú ÝóÇÁö ÇáÊøóÚúÞöíÈö ßóãóÇ Ýöí Þóæúáöåö ÊóÚóÇáóì:
ÝóÇáúÊóÞóØóåõ Âáõ ÝöÑúÚóæúäó áöíóßõæäó áóåõãú ÚóÏõæøðÇ æóÍóÒóäÇð [ÇáúÞóÕóÕ: 8] .
æóÇáúÅöÝúÓóÇÏõ ÚöäúÏóåõãú åõæó ÅöÈúØóÇáõ ÃõÕõæáö ÏöíóÇäóÊöåöãú æóãóÇ íóäúÔóÃõ Úóäú Ðóáößó ãöäú ÊóÝúÑöíÞö ÇáúÌóãóÇÚóÉö æóÍóËøö Èóäöí ÅöÓúÑóÇÆöíáó Úóáóì ÇáúÍõÑøöíøóÉö¡ æóãõÛóÇÏóÑóÉö ÃóÑúÖö ÇáöÇÓúÊöÚúÈóÇÏö.
æÇáúÃóÑúÖö ãóãúáóßóÉõ ÝöÑúÚóæúäó æóåöíó ÞõØúÑõ ãöÕúÑó.
æóÞóæúáõåõ: æóíóÐóÑóßó ÚóØúÝñ Úóáóì áöíõÝúÓöÏõæÇ Ýóåõæó ÏÇÎáí ÇáÊøóÚúáöíáö ÇáúãóÌóÇÒöíøö¡ áöÃóäøó åóÐóÇ
ÍóÇÕöáñ Ýöí ÈóÞóÇÆöåöãú Ïõæäó Ôóßøò¡ æóãóÚúäóì ÊóÑúßöåöãú ÝöÑúÚóæúäó¡ ÊóÑúßõåõãú ÊóÃúáöíåóåõ æóÊóÚúÙöíãóåõ¡ æóãóÚúäóì ÊóÑúßö ÂáöåóÊöåö äóÈúÐõåõãú ÚöÈóÇÏóÊóåóÇ æóäóåúíõåõãõ ÇáäøóÇÓó Úóäú ÚöÈóÇÏóÊöåóÇ.
æóÇáúÂáöåóÉõ ÌóãúÚõ Åöáóåò¡ æóæóÒúäõåõ ÃóÝúÚöáóÉñ¡ æóßóÇäó ÇáúÞöÈúØõ ãõÔúÑößöíäó íóÚúÈõÏõæäó ÂáöåóÉð ãõÊóäóæøöÚóÉð ãöäó ÇáúßóæóÇßöÈö æóÇáúÚóäóÇÕöÑö æóÕóæøóÑõæÇ áóåóÇ ÕõæóÑðÇ ÚóÏöíÏóÉð ãõÎúÊóáöÝóÉð ÈöÇÎúÊöáóÇÝö ÇáúÚõÕõæÑö æóÇáúÃóÞúØóÇÑö¡ ÃóÔúåóÑõåóÇ (ÝöÊóÇÍõ) æóåõæó ÃóÚúÙóãõåóÇ ÚöäúÏóåõãú æóßóÇäó íõÚúÈóÏõ ÈöãóÏöíäóÉö (ãóäúÝöíÓó) ¡ æóãöäúåóÇ (ÑóÚú) æóåõæó ÇáÔøóãúÓõ æóÊóÊóÝóÑøóÚõ Úóäúåõ ÂáöåóÉñ ÈöÇÚúÊöÈóÇÑö ÃóæúÞóÇÊö ÔõÚóÇÚö ÇáÔøóãúÓ¡ æóãöäúåóÇ (ÇÒíÑíÓ) æó (ÅöÒöíÓõ) æó (åõæÑõæÓõ) æóåóÐóÇ ÚöäúÏóåõãú ËóÇáõæËñ ãóÌúãõæÚñ ãöäú ÃóÈò æóÃõãøò æóÇÈúäò¡ æóãöäúåóÇ (ÊõæÊú) æóåõæó ÇáúÞóãóÑõ æóßóÇäó ÚöäúÏóåõãú ÑóÈøó ÇáúÍößúãóÉö¡ æóãöäúåóÇ (Ãóãõæäú ÑóÚú) ÝóåóÐöåö ÇáúÃóÕúäóÇãõ ÇáúãóÔúåõæÑóÉõ ÚöäúÏóåõãú æóåöíó ÃóÕúáõ ÅöÖúáóÇáö ÚõÞõæáöåöãú.
æóßóÇäóÊú áóåõãú ÃóÕúäóÇãñ ÝóÑúÚöíøóÉñ ÕõÛúÑóì ÚóÏöíÏóÉñ ãöËúáó ÇáúÚöÌúáö (ÅöíÈöíÓó) æóãöËúáó ÇáúÌöÚúÑóÇäö æóåõæó ÇáúÌõÚóáõ.(9/58)
æóßóÇäó ÃóÚúÙóãó åóÐöåö ÇáúÃóÕúäóÇãö åõæó ÇáøóÐöí íóäúÊóÓöÈõ ÝöÑúÚóæúäõ Åöáóì ÈõäõæøóÊöåö æóÎöÏúãóÊöåö¡ æóßóÇäó ÝöÑúÚóæúäõ ãóÚúÏõæÏðÇ ÇÈúäó ÇáúÂáöåóÉö æóÞóÏú ÍóáøóÊú Ýöíåö ÇáúÅöáóåöíøóÉõ Úóáóì äóÍúæö ÚóÞöíÏóÉö ÇáúÍõáõæáö¡ ÝóÝöÑúÚóæúäõ åõæó ÇáúãõäóÝøöÐõ áöáÏøöíäö¡ æóßóÇäó íõÚóÏøõ Åöáóåó ãöÕúÑó¡ æóßóÇäóÊ ØóÇÚóÊå ØóÇÚóÊõåõ áöáúÂáöåóÉö ßóãóÇ Íóßóì Çááøóåõ ÊóÚóÇáóì Úóäúåõ: ÝóÞÇáó ÃóäóÇ ÑóÈøõßõãõ ÇáúÃóÚúáì [ÇáäÇÒÚÇÊ: 24] ãóÇ ÚóáöãúÊõ áóßõãú ãöäú Åöáåò ÛóíúÑöí [ÇáúÞóÕóÕ: 38] . æóÊóæóÚøóÏó ÝöÑúÚóæúäõ ãõæÓóì æóÞóæúãóåõ ÈöÇáöÇÓúÊöÆúÕóÇáö ÈöÞóÊúáö ÇáúÃóÈúäóÇÁö æóÇáúãõÑóÇÏõ ÇáÑøöÌóÇáõ ÈöÞóÑöíäóÉö ãõÞóÇÈóáóÊöåö ÈöÇáäøöÓóÇÁö¡ æóÇáÖøóãöíÑõ ÇáúãõÖóÇÝõ Åöáóíúåö ÚóÇÆöÏñ Úóáóì ãõæÓóì æóÞóæúãöåö¡ ÝóÇáúÅöÖóÇÝóÉõ Úóáóì ãóÚúäóì (ãöäö) ÇáÊøóÈúÚöíÖöíøóÉö.
æóÞóÑóÃó äóÇÝöÚñ æóÇÈúäõ ßóËöíÑò¡ æóÃóÈõæ ÌóÚúÝóÑò: ÓóäõÞóÊøöáõ- ÈöÝóÊúÍö Çáäøõæäö æóÓõßõæäö ÇáúÞóÇÝö æóÖóãøö ÇáÊøóÇÁö- æóÞóÑóÃóåõ ÇáúÈóÞöíøóÉõ ÈöÖóãøö Çáäøõæäö æóÝóÊúÍö ÇáúÞóÇÝö æóÊóÔúÏöíÏö ÇáÊøóÇÁö áöáúãõÈóÇáóÛóÉö Ýöí ÇáúÞóÊúáö ãõÈóÇáóÛóÉó ßóËúÑóÉò æóÇÓúÊöíÚóÇÈò.
æóÇáöÇÓúÊöÍúíóÇÁõ: ãõÈóÇáóÛóÉñ Ýöí ÇáúÅöÍúíóÇÁö¡ ÝóÇáÓøöíäõ æóÇáÊøóÇÁõ Ýöíåö áöáúãõÈóÇáóÛóÉö¡ æóÅöÎúÈóÇÑõåõ ãóáóÃóåõ ÈöÇÓúÊöÍúíóÇÁö ÇáäøöÓóÇÁö ÊóÊúãöíãñ áóÇ ÃóËóÑó áóåõ Ýöí ÅöÌóÇÈóÉö ãõÞúÊóÑóÍö ãóáóÆöåö¡ áöÃóäøóåõãõ ÇÞúÊóÑóÍõæÇ Úóáóíúåö Ãóäú áóÇ íõÈúÞöíó ãõæÓóì æóÞóæúãóåõ ÝóÃóÌóÇÈóåõãú ÈöãóÇ ÚóÒóãó Úóáóíúåö Ýöí åóÐóÇ ÇáÔøóÃúäö¡ æóÇáúÛóÑóÖõ ãöäó ÇÓúÊöÈúÞóÇÁö ÇáäøöÓóÇÁö Ãóäú íóÊøóÎöÐõæåõäøó ÓöÑóÇÑöíó æóÎóÏóãðÇ.
æóÌõãúáóÉõ: æóÅöäøóÇ ÝóæúÞóåõãú ÞÇåöÑõæäó ÇÚúÊöÐóÇÑñ ãöäú ÝöÑúÚóæúäó áöáúãóáóÅö ãöäú Þóæúãöåö Úóäú ÅöÈúØóÇÆöåö ÈöÇÓúÊöÆúÕóÇáö ãõæÓóì æóÞóæúãöåö¡ Ãóíú: åõãú áóÇ íóÞúÏöÑõæäó Ãóäú íõÝúÓöÏõæÇ Ýöí ÇáúÈöáóÇÏö æóáóÇ Ãóäú íóÎúÑõÌõæÇ Úóäú ØóÇÚóÊöí æóÇáúÞóÇåöÑõ: ÇáúÛóÇáöÈõ ÈöÅöÐúáóÇáò.
æÝóæúÞóåõãú ãõÓúÊóÚúãóáñ ãóÌóÇÒðÇ Ýöí ÇáÊøóãóßøõäö ãöäó ÇáÔøóíúÁö æóßóáöãóÉõ ÝóæúÞóåõãú ãõÓúÊóÚóÇÑóÉñ
áöÇÓúÊöØóÇÚóÉö ÞóåúÑöåöãú áöÃóäøó ÇáöÇÚúÊöáóÇÁó Úóáóì ÇáÔøóíúÁö ÃóÞúæóì ÃóÍúæóÇáö ÇáÊøóãóßøõäö ãöäú ÞóåúÑöåö¡ Ýóåöíó ÊóãúËöíáöíøóÉñ.
æóÌõãúáóÉõ: ÞÇáó ãõæÓì áöÞóæúãöåö æóÇÞöÚóÉñ ÌóæóÇÈðÇ áöÞóæúáö Þóæúãöåö ÅöäøóÇ Åöáì ÑóÈøöäÇ ãõäúÞóáöÈõæäó [ÇáúÃóÚúÑóÇÝ: 125] Åöáóì ÂÎöÑöåóÇ ÇáøóÐöí ÃóÌóÇÈõæÇ Èöåö Úóäú æóÚöíÏö ÝöÑúÚóæúäó¡ ÝóßóÇäó ãõæÓóì ãóÚúÏõæÏðÇ Ýöí ÇáúãõÍóÇæóÑóÉö¡ æóáöÐóáößó äóÒóáó ßóáóÇãõåõ ÇáøóÐöí ÎóÇØóÈó Èöåö Þóæúãóåõ ãóäúÒöáóÉó ÌóæóÇÈò ãöäúåõ áöÝöÑúÚóæúäó¡ áöÃóäøóåõ Ýöí ÞõæøóÉö ÇáÊøóÕúÑöíÍö ÈöÞöáøóÉö ÇáöÇßúÊöÑóÇËö ÈöÇáúæóÚöíÏö¡ æóÈöÏóÝúÚö Ðóáößó ÈöÇáÊøóæóßøõáö Úóáóì Çááøóåö.
æóÇáÊøóæóßøõáõ åõæó ÌöãóÇÚõ Þóæúáöåö: ÇÓúÊóÚöíäõæÇ ÈöÇááøóåö æóÇÕúÈöÑõæÇ æóÞóÏú ÚõÈøöÑó Úóäú Ðóáößó ÈöáóÝúÙö ÇáÊøóæóßøõáö Ýöí Þóæúáöåö: æóÞÇáó ãõæÓì íóÇ Þóæúãö Åöäú ßõäúÊõãú ÂãóäúÊõãú ÈöÇááøóåö ÝóÚóáóíúåö ÊóæóßøóáõæÇ Åöäú ßõäúÊõãú ãõÓúáöãöíäó Ýöí ÓõæÑóÉö íõæäõÓó [84] ¡ ÝóÅöäøó ÍóÞöíÞóÉó ÇáÊøóæóßøõáö Ãóäøóåõ ØóáóÈõ äóÕúÑö Çááøóåö æóÊóÃúíöíÏöåö Ýöí ÇáúÃóãúÑö ÇáøóÐöí íõÑúÛóÈõ ÍõÕõæáõåõ¡ æóÐóáößó ÏóÇÎöáñ Ýöí ÇáöÇÓúÊöÚóÇäóÉö æóåõæó íóÓúÊóáúÒöãõ ÇáÕøóÈúÑó Úóáóì ÇáÖøõÑøö áöÇÚúÊöÞóÇÏö Ãóäøóåõ ÒóÇÆöáñ ÈöÅöÐúäö Çááøóåö.(9/59)
æóÎóÇØóÈó ãõæÓóì Þóæúãóåõ ÈöÐóáößó ÊóØúãöíäðÇ áöÞõáõæÈöåöãú¡ æóÊóÚúáöíãðÇ áóåõãú ÈöäóÕúÑö Çááøóåö ÅöíøóÇåõãú áöÃóäøóåõ Úáã áöÃóäøóåõ ÈöæóÍúíö Çááøóåö Åöáóíúåö.
æóÌõãúáóÉõ: Åöäøó ÇáúÃóÑúÖó áöáøóåö ÊóÐúíöíáñ æóÊóÚúáöíáñ áöáúÃóãúÑö ÈöÇáöÇÓúÊöÚóÇäóÉö ÈöÇááøóåö æóÇáÕøóÈúÑö¡ Ãóíö: ÇÝúÚóáõæÇ Ðóáößó áöÃóäøó Íõßúãó ÇáÙøõáúãö áóÇ íóÏõæãõ¡ æóáöÃóÌúáö åóÐóÇ ÇáúãóÚúäóì ÝõÕöáóÊö ÇáúÌõãúáóÉõ.
æóÞóæúáõåõ: Åöäøó ÇáúÃóÑúÖó áöáøóåö íõæÑöËõåÇ ãóäú íóÔÇÁõ ãöäú ÚöÈÇÏöåö ßöäóÇíóÉñ Úóäú ÊóÑóÞøõÈö ÒóæóÇáö ÇÓúÊöÚúÈóÇÏö ÝöÑúÚóæúäó ÅöíøóÇåõãú¡ ÞõÕöÏó ãöäúåóÇ ÕóÑúÝõ ÇáúíóÃúÓö Úóäú ÃóäúÝõÓöåöãõ ÇáäøóÇÔöÆö Úóäú ãõÔóÇåóÏóÉö ÞõæøóÉö ÝöÑúÚóæúäó æóÓõáúØóÇäöåö¡ ÈöÃóäøó Çááøóåó ÇáøóÐöí Îóæøóáóåõ Ðóáößó ÇáÓøõáúØóÇäó ÞóÇÏöÑñ Úóáóì äóÒúÚöåö ãöäúåõ áöÃóäøó ãõáúßó ÇáúÃóÑúÖö ßõáøöåóÇ áöáøóåö Ýóåõæó ÇáøóÐöí íõÞóÏøöÑõ áöãóäú íóÔóÇÁõ ãõáúßó ÔóíúÁò ãöäúåóÇ æóåõæó ÇáøóÐöí íõÞóÏøöÑõ äóÒúÚóåõ.
ÝóÇáúãõÑóÇÏõ ãöäó ÇáúÃóÑúÖö åõäóÇ ÇáÏøõäúíóÇ áöÃóäøóåõ ÃóáúíóÞõ ÈöÇáÊøóÐúíöíáö æóÃóÞúæóì Ýöí ÇáÊøóÚúáöíáö¡ ÝóåóÐóÇ ÅöíãóÇÁñ Åöáóì Ãóäøóåõãú ÎóÇÑöÌõæäó ãöäú ãöÕúÑó æóÓóíóãúáößõæäó ÃóÑúÖðÇ ÃõÎúÑóì.
æóÌõãúáóÉõ: æóÇáúÚÇÞöÈóÉõ áöáúãõÊøóÞöíäó ÊóÐúíöíáñ¡ ÝóíóÌõæÒõ Ãóäú Êóßõæäó ÇáúæóÇæõ ÇÚúÊöÑóÇÖöíøóÉð¡ Ãóíú: ÚóÇØöÝóÉð Úóáóì ãóÇ Ýöí Þóæúáöåö: Åöäøó ÇáúÃóÑúÖó áöáøóåö ãöäú ãóÚúäóì ÇáÊøóÚúáöíáö¡ Ýóíóßõæäõ åóÐóÇ ÊóÚúáöíáðÇ ËóÇäöíðÇ áöáúÃóãúÑö ÈöÇáöÇÓúÊöÚóÇäóÉö æóÇáÕøóÈúÑö¡ æóÈöåóÐóÇ ÇáöÇÚúÊöÈóÇÑö ÃõæËöÑó ÇáúÚóØúÝõ ÈöÇáúæóÇæö Úóáóì ÝóÕúáö ÇáúÌõãúáóÉö ãóÚó Ãóäøó ãõÞúÊóÖóì ÇáÊøóÐúíöíáö Ãóäú Êóßõæäó ãóÝúÕõæáóÉð.
æóÇáúÚóÇÞöÈóÉõ ÍóÞöíÞóÊõåóÇ äöåóÇíóÉõ ÃóãúÑò ãöäó ÇáúÃõãõæÑö æóÂÎöÑõåõ¡ ßóÞóæúáöåö ÊóÚóÇáóì: ÝóßÇäó ÚÇÞöÈóÊóåõãÇ ÃóäøóåõãÇ Ýöí ÇáäøóÇÑö [ÇáúÍóÔúÑ: 17] ¡ æóÞóÏú ÊóÞóÏøóãó ÐößúÑõåóÇ ÚöäúÏó Þóæúáöåö ÊóÚóÇáóì: Þõáú ÓöíÑõæÇ Ýöí ÇáúÃóÑúÖö Ëõãøó ÇäúÙõÑõæÇ ßóíúÝó ßÇäó ÚÇÞöÈóÉõ ÇáúãõßóÐøöÈöíäó Ýöí Ãóæøóáö ÓõæÑóÉö ÇáúÃóäúÚóÇãö [11] ¡ ÝóÅöÐóÇ ÚõÑøöÝóÊö ÇáúÚóÇÞöÈóÉõ ÈöÇááøóÇãö
ßóÇäó ÇáúãõÑóÇÏõ ãöäúåóÇ ÇäúÊöåóÇÁó ÃóãúÑö ÇáÔøóíúÁö ÈöÃóÍúÓóäó ãöäú Ãóæøóáöåö æóáóÚóáøó ÇáÊøóÚúÑöíÝó ÝöíåóÇ ãöäú ÞóÈöíáö ÇáúÚöáúãö ÈöÇáúÛóáóÈóÉö. æóÐóáößó áöÃóäøó ßõáøó ÃóÍóÏò íóæóÏøõ Ãóäú íóßõæäó ÂÎöÑõ ÃóÍúæóÇáöåö ÎóíúÑðÇ ãöäú ÃóæøóáöåóÇ áößóÑóÇåóÉö ãõÝóÇÑóÞóÉö ÇáúãõáóÇÆöãö¡ Ãóæú áöáÑøóÛúÈóÉö Ýöí ÒóæóÇáö ÇáúãõäóÇÝöÑö¡ ÝóáöÐóáößó ÃõØúáöÞóÊö ÇáúÚóÇÞöÈóÉõ ãõÚóÑøóÝóÉð Úóáóì ÇäúÊöåóÇÁö ÇáúÍóÇáö ÈöãóÇ íóÓõÑøõ æóíõáóÇÆöãõ¡ ßóãóÇ ÞóÇáó ÊóÚóÇáóì: æóÇáúÚÇÞöÈóÉõ áöáÊøóÞúæì [Øå: 132] . æóÝöí ÍóÏöíËö ÃóÈóì ÓõÝúíóÇäó Þóæúáõ åöÑóÞúáó: «æóßóÐóáößó ÇáÑøõÓõáõ ÊõÈúÊóáóì Ëõãøó Êóßõæäõ áóåõãõ ÇáúÚóÇÞöÈóÉõ» ÝóáóÇ ÊõØúáóÞõ ÇáúãõÚóÑøóÝóÉõ Úóáóì ÚóÇÞöÈóÉö ÇáÓøõæÁö.
ÝóÇáúãõÑóÇÏõ ÈöÇáúÚóÇÞöÈóÉö åõäóÇ ÚóÇÞöÈóÉõ ÃõãõæÑöåöãú Ýöí ÇáúÍóíóÇÉö ÇáÏøõäúíóÇ áöíõäóÇÓöÈó Þóæúáóåõ Åöäøó ÇáúÃóÑúÖó áöáøóåö íõæÑöËõåÇ ãóäú íóÔÇÁõ ãöäú ÚöÈÇÏöåö(9/60)
ÞóÇáõæÇ ÃõæÐöíäóÇ ãöäú ÞóÈúáö Ãóäú ÊóÃúÊöíóäóÇ æóãöäú ÈóÚúÏö ãóÇ ÌöÆúÊóäóÇ ÞóÇáó ÚóÓóì ÑóÈøõßõãú Ãóäú íõåúáößó ÚóÏõæøóßõãú æóíóÓúÊóÎúáöÝóßõãú Ýöí ÇáúÃóÑúÖö ÝóíóäúÙõÑó ßóíúÝó ÊóÚúãóáõæäó (129)
æóÊóÔúãóáõ ÚóÇÞöÈóÉó ÇáúÎóíúÑö Ýöí ÇáúÂÎöÑóÉö áöÃóäøóåóÇ Ãóåóãøõ ãóÇ íõáóÇÍöÙõåõ ÇáúãõÄúãöäõæäó.
æóÇáúãõÊøóÞõæäó: ÇáúãõÄúãöäõæäó ÇáúÚóÇãöáõæäó.
æóÌöíÁó Ýöí ÌõãúáóÊóíú: Åöäøó ÇáúÃóÑúÖó áöáøóåö íõæÑöËõåÇ ãóäú íóÔÇÁõ ãöäú ÚöÈÇÏöåö æóÇáúÚÇÞöÈóÉõ áöáúãõÊøóÞöíäó ÈöáóÝúÙóíúäö ÚóÇãøóíúäö¡ æóåõãóÇ: ãóäú íóÔóÇÁõ ãöäú ÚöÈóÇÏöåö æóÇáúãõÊøóÞöíäó¡ áöÊóßõæäó ÇáúÌõãúáóÊóÇäö ÊóÐúíöíáðÇ áöáúßóáóÇãö æóáöíóÍúÑöÕó ÇáÓøóÇãöÚõæäó Úóáóì Ãóäú íóßõæäõæÇ ãöäó ÇáúãõÊøóÞöíäó.
æóÞóÏú Úõáöãó ãöäú Þóæúáöåö: æóÇáúÚÇÞöÈóÉõ áöáúãõÊøóÞöíäó Ãóäøó ãóäú íóÔóÇÁõ Çááøóåõ Ãóäú íõæÑöËóåõãõ ÇáúÃóÑúÖó åõãõ ÇáúãõÊøóÞõæäó ÅöÐóÇ ßóÇäó Ýöí ÇáäøóÇÓö ãõÊøóÞõæäó æóÛóíúÑõåõãú¡ æóÃóäøó Êóãúáöíßó ÇáúÃóÑúÖö áöÛóíúÑöåöãú ÅöãøóÇ ÚóÇÑöÖñ æóÅöãøóÇ áöÇÓúÊöæóÇÁö Ãóåúáö ÇáúÃóÑúÖö Ýöí ÚÏã ÇáÊøóÞúæóì.
[129]
[ÓõæÑóÉ ÇáúÃóÚúÑóÇÝ (7) : ÂíóÉ 129]
ÞÇáõæÇ ÃõæÐöíäÇ ãöäú ÞóÈúáö Ãóäú ÊóÃúÊöíóäÇ æóãöäú ÈóÚúÏö ãóÇ ÌöÆúÊóäÇ ÞÇáó ÚóÓì ÑóÈøõßõãú Ãóäú íõåúáößó ÚóÏõæøóßõãú æóíóÓúÊóÎúáöÝóßõãú Ýöí ÇáúÃóÑúÖö ÝóíóäúÙõÑó ßóíúÝó ÊóÚúãóáõæäó (129)
ÞÇáõæÇ ÍößóÇíóÉõ ÌóæóÇÈö Þóæúãö ãõæÓóì ÅöíøóÇåõ¡ ÝóáöÐóáößó ÝõÕöáóÊú ÌõãúáóÉõ ÇáúÞóæúáö Úóáóì ØóÑöíÞóÉö ÇáúãõÍóÇæóÑóÉö¡ æóåóÐóÇ ÇáúÎóÈóÑõ ãõÓúÊóÚúãóáñ Ýöí ÇáÔßÇíÉ æÇÓÊÆËÇÑåã ãõæÓóì áöíóÏúÚõæó ÑóÈøóåõ Ãóäú íõÝóÑøöÌó ßóÑúÈóåõãú.
æóÇáúÅöíÐóÇÁõ: ÇáúÅöÕóÇÈóÉõ ÈöÇáúÃóÐóì¡ æóÇáúÃóÐóì ãóÇ íõÄúáöãõ æóíõÍúÒöäõ ãöäú Þóæúáò Ãóæú ÝöÚúáò¡ æóÞóÏú ÊóÞóÏøóãó ÚöäúÏó Þóæúáöåö ÊóÚóÇáóì: áóäú íóÖõÑøõæßõãú ÅöáøóÇ ÃóÐìð Ýöí ÓõæÑóÉö Âáö ÚöãúÑóÇäó [111] ¡ æóÞóæúáöåö: ÝóÕóÈóÑõæÇ Úóáì ãóÇ ßõÐøöÈõæÇ æóÃõæÐõæÇ Ýöí ÓõæÑóÉö ÇáúÃóäúÚóÇãö [34] ¡ æóåõæó íóßõæäõ ÖóÚöíÝðÇ æóÞóæöíøðÇ¡ æóãõÑóÇÏõåõãú åõäóÇ ÇáúÞóæöíøõ ãöäúåõ¡ æóåõæó ãóÇ áóÍöÞóåõãú ãöäó ÇáöÇÓúÊöÚúÈóÇÏö æóÊóßúáöíÝöåöãõ ÇáúÃóÚúãóÇáó ÇáÔøóÇÞøóÉó Úóáóíúåöãú Ýöí ÎöÏúãóÉö ÝöÑúÚóæúäó æóãóÇ ÊóæóÚøóÏóåõãú Èöåö ÝöÑúÚóæúäõ ÈóÚúÏó ÈóÚúËóÉö ãõæÓóì ãöäó ÇáúÞóØúÚö æóÇáÕøóáúÈö æóÞóÊúáö ÇáúÃóÈúäóÇÁö¡ æóßóÃóäøóåõãú ÃóÑóÇÏõæÇ ÇáÊøóÚúÑöíÖó ÈöäóÝóÇÏö ÕóÈúÑöåöãú æóÃóäøó ÇáúÃóÐóì ÇáøóÐöí ãóÓøóåõãú ÈóÚúÏó ÈóÚúËóÉö ãõæÓóì áóãú íóßõäú ÈöÏóÇíóÉó ÇáúÃóÐóì¡ Èóáú ÌóÇÁó ÈóÚúÏó Øõæáö ãõÏøóÉò Ýöí ÇáúÃóÐóì¡ ÝóáöÐóáößó ÌóãóÚõæÇ Ýöí ßóáóÇãöåöãú ãóÇ áóÍöÞóåõãú ÞóÈúáó ÈóÚúËóÉö ãõæÓóì.
æóÞóÏú Êóæóåøóãó ÈóÚúÖõ ÇáúãõÝóÓøöÑöíäó Ãóäøó åóÐóÇ ÇãúÊöÚóÇÖñ ãöäúåõãú ãöãøóÇ áóÍöÞóåõãú ÈöÓóÈóÈö ãõæÓóì æóÈöæóÇÓöØóÊöåö
ãõÓúÊóäöÏðÇ Åöáóì Ãóäøó ÞóÊúáó ÇáÐøõßõæÑö ãöäúåõãú ßóÇäó ÞóÈúáó ãóÌöíÁö ãõæÓóì ÈöÓóÈóÈö ÊóæóÞøõÚö æöáóÇÏóÉö ãõæÓóì¡ æóßóÇäó ÇáúæóÚöíÏõ ÈöãöËúáöåö ÈóÚúÏó ãóÌöíÆöåö ÈöÓóÈóÈö ÏóÚúæóÊöåö¡ æóáóíúÓó Ðóáößó ÈöãõÊøóÌöåò áöÃóäøóåõ áóæú ßóÇäó åõæó ÇáúãõÑóÇÏó áóãóÇ ßóÇäó áöáÊøóÚúÈöíÑö ÈöÞóæúáöåö: ãöäú ÞóÈúáö Ãóäú ÊóÃúÊöíóäÇ ãóæúÞöÚñ¡ æóÇáúÅöÊúíóÇäõ æóÇáúãóÌöíÁõ ãõÊóÑóÇÏöÝóÇäö¡ ÝóÐößúÑõ ÇáúãóÌöíÁö ÈóÚúÏó ÇáúÅöÊúíóÇäö áóíúÓó áöÇÎúÊöáóÇÝö ÇáúãóÚúäóì¡ æóáóßöäøóåõ áöáÊøóÝóäøõäö æóßóÑóÇåöíóÉö ÅöÚóÇÏóÉö ÇááøóÝúÙö.(9/61)
æóÇáúÅöÊúíóÇäõ æóÇáúãóÌöíÁõ ãóÏúáõæáõåõãóÇ æóÇÍöÏñ¡ æóåõæó ÈöÚúËóÉõ ãõæÓóì ÈöÇáÑøöÓóÇáóÉö¡ ÝóÌõÚöáó ÇáúÝöÚúáõ ÇáúãõÚóÈøöÑõ Úóäúåõ Íöíäó ÚõáøöÞó Èöåö (ÞóÈúáö) ÈöÕöíÛóÉö ÇáúãõÖóÇÑöÚö ÇáúãõÞúÊóÑöäö Èö (Ãóäö) ÇáÏøóÇáøóÉö Úóáóì ÇáöÇÓúÊöÞúÈóÇáö æóÇáúãóÕúÏóÑöíøóÉö áöãõäóÇÓóÈóÉö áóÝúÙö (ÞóÈúáö) áöÃóäøó ãóÇ íõÖóÇÝõ Åöáóì (ÞóÈúáö) ãõÓúÊóÞúÈóáñ ÈöÇáäøöÓúÈóÉö áöãóÏúáõæáöåóÇ¡ æóÌõÚöáó Íöíäó ÚõáøöÞó Èöåö (ÈóÚúÏö) ÈöÕöíÛóÉö ÇáúãóÇÖöí ÇáúãõÞúÊóÑöäö ÈöÍóÑúÝö (ãóÇ) ÇáúãóÕúÏóÑöíøóÉö áöÃóäøó (ãóÇ) ÇáúãóÕúÏóÑöíøóÉó áóÇ ÊõÝöíÏõ ÇáöÇÓúÊöÞúÈóÇáó áöíõäóÇÓöÈó áóÝúÙó (ÈóÚúÏö) áöÃóäøó ãõÖóÇÝó ßóáöãóÉö (ÈóÚúÏö) ãóÇÖò ÈöÇáäøöÓúÈóÉö áöãóÏúáõæáöåóÇ.
ÝóÃóÌóÇÈóåõãú ãõæÓóì ÈöÊóÞúÑöíÈö Ãóäú íóßõæäõæÇ åõãõ ÇáøóÐöíäó íóÑöËõæäó ãõáúßó ÇáúÃóÑúÖö æóÇáøóÐöíäó Êóßõæäõ áóåõãõ ÇáúÚóÇÞöÈóÉõ.
æóÌóÇÁó ÈöÝöÚúáö ÇáÑøóÌóÇÁö Ïõæäó ÇáúÌóÒúãö ÊóÃóÏøõÈðÇ ãóÚó Çááøóåö ÊóÚóÇáóì¡ æóÅöÞúÕóÇÁð áöáöÇÊøößóÇáö Úóáóì ÃóÚúãóÇáöåöãú áöíóÒúÏóÇÏõæÇ ãöäó ÇáÊøóÞúæóì æóÇáÊøóÚóÑøõÖö Åöáóì ÑöÖóì Çááøóåö ÊóÚóÇáóì æóäóÕúÑöåö. ÝóÞóæúáõåõ: ÚóÓì ÑóÈøõßõãú Ãóäú íõåúáößó ÚóÏõæøóßõãú äóÇÙöÑñ Åöáóì Þóæúáöåö: Åöäøó ÇáúÃóÑúÖó áöáøóåö [ÇáúÃóÚúÑóÇÝ: 128] æóÞóæúáõåõ: æóíóÓúÊóÎúáöÝóßõãú Ýöí ÇáúÃóÑúÖö äóÇÙöÑñ Åöáóì Þóæúáöåö æóÇáúÚÇÞöÈóÉõ áöáúãõÊøóÞöíäó [ÇáúÃóÚúÑóÇÝ: 128] .
æóÇáúãõÑóÇÏõ ÈöÇáúÚóÏõæøö¡ ÝöÑúÚóæúäõ æóÍöÒúÈõåõ¡ ÝóæóÕúÝõ ÚóÏõæøò íõæÕóÝõ Èöåö ÇáúÌóãúÚõ ÞóÇáó ÊóÚóÇáóì: åõãõ ÇáúÚóÏõæøõ [ÇáãõäóÇÝöÞõæäó: 4] .
æóÇáúãõÑóÇÏõ ÈöÇáöÇÓúÊöÎúáóÇÝö: ÇáöÇÓúÊöÎúáóÇÝõ Úóäö Çááøóåö Ýöí ãõáúßö ÇáúÃóÑúÖö. æóÇáöÇÓúÊöÎúáóÇÝõ ÅöÞóÇãóÉõ ÇáúÎóáöíÝóÉö¡ ÝóÇáÓøöíäõ æóÇáÊøóÇÁõ áöÊóÃúßöíÏö ÇáúÝöÚúáö ãöËúáó ÇÓúÊóÌóÇÈó áóåõ¡ Ãóíú ÌóÚóáóåõãú ÃóÍúÑóÇÑðÇ ÛóÇáöÈöíäó æóãõÄóÓøöÓöíäó ãõáúßðÇ Ýöí ÇáúÃóÑúÖö ÇáúãõÞóÏøóÓóÉö.
æóãóÚúäóì ÝóíóäúÙõÑó ßóíúÝó ÊóÚúãóáõæäó ÇáÊøóÍúÐöíÑõ ãöäú Ãóäú íóÚúãóáõæÇ ãóÇ áóÇ íõÑúÖöí Çááøóåó ÊóÚóÇáóì¡ æóÇáÊøóÍúÑöíÖõ Úóáóì ÇáöÇÓúÊößúËóÇÑö ãöäó ÇáØøóÇÚóÉö áöíóÓúÊóÍöÞøõæÇ æóÕúÝó ÇáúãõÊøóÞöíäó¡ ÊóÐúßöíÑðÇ áóåõãú ÈöÃóäøóåõ Úóáöíãñ ÈöãóÇ íóÚúãóáõæäóåõ.
ÝóÇáäøóÙóÑõ ãõÓúÊóÚúãóáñ Ýöí ÇáúÚöáúãö ÈöÇáúãóÑúÆöíøóÇÊö¡ æóÇáúãóÞúÕõæÏõ ÈöãóÇ ÊóÚúãóáõæäó Úóãóáóåõãú ãóÚó ÇáäøóÇÓö Ýöí ÓöíóÇÓóÉö ãóÇ ÇÓúÊõÎúáöÝõæÇ Ýöíåö¡ æóåõæó ßõáøõåõ ãöäó ÇáúÃõãõæÑö ÇáøóÊöí ÊõÔóÇåóÏõ ÅöÐú áóÇ ÏóÎúáó áöáäøöíøóÇÊö æóÇáÖøóãóÇÆöÑö Ýöí ÇáÓøöíóÇÓóÉö æóÊóÏúÈöíÑö ÇáúãóãóÇáößö¡ ÅöáøóÇ ÈöãöÞúÏóÇÑö ãóÇ ÊóÏúÝóÚõ Åöáóíúåö ÇáäøöíøóÇÊõ ÇáÕøóÇáöÍóÉõ ãöäó ÇáúÃóÚúãóÇáö ÇáúãõäóÇÓöÈóÉö
áóåóÇ¡ ÝóÅöÐóÇ ÕóÏóÑóÊö ÇáúÃóÚúãóÇáõ ÕóÇáöÍóÉð ßóãóÇ íõÑúÖöí Çááøóåó¡ æóãóÇ ÃóæúÕóì Èöåö¡ ÍóÕóáó ÇáúãóÞúÕõæÏõ¡ æóáóÇ íóÖõÑøõåóÇ ãóÇ Êõßöäøõåõ äóÝúÓõ ÇáúÚóÇãöáö.
æó (ßóíúÝó) íóÌõæÒõ ßóæúäõåóÇ ÇÓúÊöÝúåóÇãðÇ Ýóåöíó ãõÚóáøöÞóÉñ áöÝöÚúáö (íóäúÙõÑó) Úóäö ÇáúãóÝúÚõæáö¡ ÝóÇáÊøóÞúÏöíÑõ ÝóíóäúÙõÑó ÌóæóÇÈó ÇáÓøõÄóÇáö Èö ßóíúÝó ÊóÚúãóáõæäó¡ æóíóÌõæÒõ ßóæúäõåóÇ ãõÌóÑøóÏóÉð Úóäú ãóÚúäóì ÇáöÇÓúÊöÝúåóÇãö ÏóÇáøóÉð Úóáóì ãõÌóÑøóÏö ÇáúßóíúÝöíøóÉö¡ Ýóåöíó ãóÝúÚõæáñ Èöåö á ÝóíóäúÙõÑó ßóãóÇ ÊóÞóÏøóãó Ýöí Þóæúáöåö ÊóÚóÇáóì: åõæó ÇáøóÐöí íõÕóæøöÑõßõãú Ýöí ÇáúÃóÑúÍÇãö ßóíúÝó íóÔÇÁõ Ýöí ÓõæÑóÉö Âáö ÚöãúÑóÇäó [6] ¡ æóÞóæúáöåö ÊóÚóÇáóì:(9/62)
æóáóÞóÏú ÃóÎóÐúäóÇ Âáó ÝöÑúÚóæúäó ÈöÇáÓøöäöíäó æóäóÞúÕò ãöäó ÇáËøóãóÑóÇÊö áóÚóáøóåõãú íóÐøóßøóÑõæäó (130) ÝóÅöÐóÇ ÌóÇÁóÊúåõãõ ÇáúÍóÓóäóÉõ ÞóÇáõæÇ áóäóÇ åóÐöåö æóÅöäú ÊõÕöÈúåõãú ÓóíøöÆóÉñ íóØøóíøóÑõæÇ ÈöãõæÓóì æóãóäú ãóÚóåõ ÃóáóÇ ÅöäøóãóÇ ØóÇÆöÑõåõãú ÚöäúÏó Çááøóåö æóáóßöäøó ÃóßúËóÑóåõãú áóÇ íóÚúáóãõæäó (131)
ÇäúÙõÑú ßóíúÝó äõÈóíøöäõ áóåõãõ ÇáúÂíÇÊö Ýöí ÓõæÑóÉö ÇáúãóÇÆöÏóÉö [75] æóÞÏ ÊÞÏã.
[130¡ 131]
[ÓõæÑóÉ ÇáúÃóÚúÑóÇÝ (7) : ÇáúÂíóÇÊ 130 Åöáóì 131]
æóáóÞóÏú ÃóÎóÐúäÇ Âáó ÝöÑúÚóæúäó ÈöÇáÓøöäöíäó æóäóÞúÕò ãöäó ÇáËøóãóÑÇÊö áóÚóáøóåõãú íóÐøóßøóÑõæäó (130) ÝóÅöÐÇ ÌÇÁóÊúåõãõ ÇáúÍóÓóäóÉõ ÞÇáõæÇ áóäÇ åÐöåö æóÅöäú ÊõÕöÈúåõãú ÓóíøöÆóÉñ íóØøóíøóÑõæÇ ÈöãõæÓì æóãóäú ãóÚóåõ ÃóáÇ ÅöäøóãÇ ØÇÆöÑõåõãú ÚöäúÏó Çááøóåö æóáßöäøó ÃóßúËóÑóåõãú áóÇ íóÚúáóãõæäó (131)
åóÐóÇ ÇäúÊöÞóÇáñ Åöáóì ÐößúÑö ÇáúãóÕóÇÆöÈö ÇáøóÊöí ÃóÕóÇÈó Çááøóåõ ÈöåóÇ ÝöÑúÚóæúäó æóÞóæúãóåõ¡ æóÌóÚóáóåóÇ ÂíóÇÊ áãõæÓóì¡ áíáÌìÁ ÝöÑúÚóæúäó Åöáóì ÇáúÅöÐúäö áöÈóäöí ÅöÓúÑóÇÆöíáó ÈöÇáúÎõÑõæÌö¡ æóÞóÏú æóÞóÚóÊú Êöáúßó ÇáúÂíóÇÊõ ÈóÚúÏó ÇáúãõÚúÌöÒóÉö ÇáúßõÈúÑóì ÇáøóÊöí ÃóÙúåóÑóåóÇ Çááøóåõ áöãõæÓóì Ýöí ãóÌúãóÚö ÇáÓøóÍóÑóÉö¡ æóíóÙúåóÑõ Ãóäøó ÝöÑúÚóæúäó ÃóÛúÖóì Úóäú ÊóÍúÞöíÞö æóÚöíÏöåö ÅöÈúÞóÇÁð Úóáóì Èóäöí ÅöÓúÑóÇÆöíáó¡ áöÃóäøóåõãú ßóÇäõæÇ íóÞõæãõæäó ÈöÇáúÃóÔúÛóÇáö ÇáúÚóÙöíãóÉö áöÝöÑúÚóæúäó.
æóíõÄúÎóÐõ ãöäó ÇáÊøóæúÑóÇÉö Ãóäøó ãõæÓóì ÈóÞöíó Ýöí Þóæúãöåö ãõÏøóÉð íõÚöíÏõ ãõÍóÇæóáóÉó ÝöÑúÚóæúäó Ãóäú íõØúáöÞó Èóäöí ÅöÓúÑóÇÆöíáó¡ æóÝöÑúÚóæúäõ íóÚöÏõ æóíõÎúáöÝõ¡ æóáóãú ÊóÖúÈöØö ÇáÊøóæúÑóÇÉõ ãõÏøóÉó ãõÞóÇãö ãõæÓóì ßóÐóáößó¡ æóÙóÇåöÑõåóÇ Ãóäøó ÇáúãõÏøóÉó áóãú ÊóØõáú¡ æóáóíúÓó Þóæúáõåõ ÊóÚóÇáóì: ÈöÇáÓøöäöíäó ÏóáöíáðÇ Úóáóì ÃóäøóåóÇ ØóÇáóÊú ÃóÚúæóÇãðÇ áöÃóäøó ÇáÓøöäöíäó åõäóÇ ÌõãóÚõ ÓóäóÉò ÈöãóÚúäóì ÇáúÌóÏúÈö áóÇ ÈöãóÚúäóì ÇáÒøóãóäö ÇáúãõÞóÏøóÑö ãöäó ÇáÏøóåúÑö. ÝóÇáÓøóäóÉõ Ýöí ßóáóÇãö ÇáúÚóÑóÈö ÅöÐóÇ ÚõÑøöÝóÊú ÈöÇááøóÇãö íõÑóÇÏõ ÈöåóÇ ÓóäóÉõ ÇáúÌóÏúÈö¡ æóÇáúÞóÍúØö¡ æóåöíó ÍöíäóÆöÐò Úóáóãõ ÌöäúÓò ÈöÇáúÛóáóÈóÉö¡ æóãöäú Ëóãøó ÇÔúÊóÞøõæÇ ãöäúåóÇ: ÃóÓúäóÊó ÇáúÞóæúãõ¡ ÅöÐóÇ ÃóÕóÇÈóåõãõ ÇáúÌóÏúÈõ æóÇáúÞóÍúØõ¡ ÝóÇáÓøöäöíäõ Ýöí ÇáúÂíóÉö ãõÑóÇÏñ ÈöåóÇ ÇáúÞõÍõæØõ æóÌóãúÚõåóÇ ÈöÇÚúÊöÈóÇÑö ßóËúÑóÉö ãóæóÇÞöÚöåóÇ Ãóíú: ÃóÕóÇÈóåõãõ ÇáúÞóÍúØõ Ýöí ÌóãöíÚö ÇáúÃóÑóÖöíäó æóÇáúÈõáúÏóÇäö¡ ÝóÇáúãóÚúäóì: æóáóÞóÏú ÃóÎóÐúäóÇåõãú ÈöÇáúÞõÍõæØö ÇáúÚóÇãøóÉö Ýöí ßõáøö ÃóÑúÖò.
æóÇáúÃóÎúÐõ: åõäóÇ ãóÌóÇÒñ Ýöí ÇáúÞóåúÑö æóÇáúÛóáóÈóÉö¡ ßóÞóæúáöåö: áóÇ ÊóÃúÎõÐõåõ ÓöäóÉñ æóáÇ äóæúãñ [ÇáúÈóÞóÑóÉ:
255] . æóíóÕöÍøõ Ãóäú íóßõæäó åõäóÇ ãóÌóÇÒðÇ Ýöí ÇáúÅöÕóÇÈóÉö ÈöÇáÔøóÏóÇÆöÏö¡ áöÃóäøó ÍóÞöíÞóÉó ÇáúÃóÎúÐö: ÊóäóÇæõáõ ÇáÔøóíúÁö ÈöÇáúíóÏö¡ æóÊóÚóÏøóÏóÊú ÅöØúáóÇÞóÇÊõåõ¡ ÝóÃõØúáöÞó ßöäóÇíóÉð Úóäö Çáúãõáúßö.
æóÃõØúáöÞó ÇÓúÊöÚóÇÑóÉð áöáúÞóåúÑö æóÇáúÛóáóÈóÉö¡ æóáöáúÅöåúáóÇßö. æóÞóÏú ÊóÞóÏøóãóÊú ãóÚóÇäöíåö ãõÊóÝóÑøöÞóÉð Ýöí ÇáÓøõæóÑö
ÇáúãóÇÖöíóÉö.
æóÌõãúáóÉõ áóÚóáøóåõãú íóÐøóßøóÑõæäó Ýöí ãóæúÖöÚö ÇáÊøóÚúáöíáö áöÌõãúáóÉö æóáóÞóÏú ÃóÎóÐúäÇ ÝóáöÐóáößó ÝõÕöáóÊú.(9/63)
æóäóÞúÕò ÇáËøóãóÑóÇÊö ÞöáøóÉõ ÅöäúÊóÇÌöåóÇ ÞöáøóÉð ÛóíúÑó ãõÚúÊóÇÏóÉò áóåõãú. ÝóÊóäúæöíäõ äóÞúÕò áöáÊøóßúËöíÑö æóáöÐóáößó äõßøöÑó (äóÞúÕò) æóáóãú íõÖóÝú Åöáóì (ÇáËøóãóÑóÇÊö) áöÆóáøóÇ ÊóÝõæÊó ÇáÏøóáóÇáóÉõ Úóáóì ÇáúßóËúÑóÉö.
ÝóÇáÓøöäõæäó ÊóäúÊóÇÈõ ÇáúãóÒóÇÑöÚó æóÇáúÍõÞõæáó¡ æóäóÞúÕõ ÇáËøóãóÑóÇÊö íóäúÊóÇÈõ ÇáúÌóäøóÇÊö.
æó (áóÚóáøó) áöáÑøóÌóÇÁö¡ Ãóíú ãóÑúÌõæøðÇ ÊóÐóßøõÑõåõãú¡ áöÃóäøó ÇáúãóÕóÇÆöÈó æóÇáúÃóÖúÑóÇÑó ÇáúãõÞóÇÑöäóÉó áöÊóÐúßöíÑö ãõæÓóì ÅöíøóÇåõãú ÈöÑóÈøöåöãú¡ æóÊóÓúÑöíÍö ÚóÈöíÏöåö¡ ãöäú ÔóÃúäöåóÇ Ãóäú íóßõæäó ÃóÕúÍóÇÈõåóÇ ãóÑúÌõæøðÇ ãöäúåõãú Ãóäú íóÊóÐóßøóÑõæÇ ÈöÃóäøó Ðóáößó ÚöÞóÇÈñ Úóáóì ÅöÚúÑóÇÖöåöãú æóÚóáóì ÚóÏóãö ÊóÐóßøõÑöåõãú¡ áöÃóäøó Çááøóåó äóÕóÈó ÇáúÚóáóÇãóÇÊö áöáöÇåúÊöÏóÇÁö Åöáóì ÇáúÎóÝöíøöÇÊö ßóãóÇ ÞóÏøóãúäóÇåõ ÚöäúÏó Þóæúáöåö ÊóÚóÇáóì: æóãÇ ÃóÑúÓóáúäÇ Ýöí ÞóÑúíóÉò ãöäú äóÈöíÁò Ýöí åóÐöåö ÇáÓøõæÑóÉö [94] ¡ ÝóÔóÃúäõ Ãóåúáö ÇáúÃóáúÈóÇÈö Ãóäú íóÊóÐóßøóÑõæÇ¡ ÝóÅöÐóÇ áóãú íóÊóÐóßøóÑõæÇ¡ ÝóÞóÏú ÎóíøóÈõæÇ Ùóäøó ãóäú íóÙõäøõ Èöåöãú Ðóáößó ãöËúáö ãõæÓóì æóåóÇÑõæäó¡ ÃóãøóÇ Çááøóåõ ÊóÚóÇáóì Ýóåõæó íóÚúáóãõ Ãóäøóåõãú áóÇ íóÊóÐóßøóÑõæäó æóáóßöäøóåõ ÃóÑóÇÏó ÇáúÅöãúáóÇÁó áóåõãú¡ æóÞóØúÚó ÚõÐúÑöåöãú¡ æóÐóáößó áóÇ íõäóÇÝöí ãóÇ íóÏõáøõ Úóáóíúåö (áóÚóáøó) ãöäó ÇáÑøóÌóÇÁö áöÃóäøó ÏóáóÇáóÊóåóÇ Úóáóì ÇáÑøóÇÌöí æóÇáúãóÑúÌõæøö ãöäúåõ ÏóáóÇáóÉñ ÚõÑúÝöíøóÉñ¡ æóÞóÏú ÊóÞóÏøóãó ÇáúßóáóÇãõ Úóáóì æõÞõæÚö (áóÚóáøó) Ýöí ßóáóÇãö Çááøóåö ÊóÚóÇáóì ÚöäúÏó Þóæúáöåö ÊóÚóÇáóì: íóÇ ÃóíøõåóÇ ÇáäøóÇÓõ ÇÚúÈõÏõæÇ ÑóÈøóßõãõ ÇáøóÐöí ÎóáóÞóßõãú æóÇáøóÐöíäó ãöäú ÞóÈúáößõãú áóÚóáøóßõãú ÊóÊøóÞõæäó Ýöí ÓõæÑóÉö ÇáúÈóÞóÑóÉö [21] .
æóÝöí åóÐöåö ÇáúÂíóÉö ÊóäúÈöíåñ áöáúÃõãøóÉö áöáäøóÙóÑö ÝöíãóÇ íõÍöíØõ ÈöåóÇ ãöäú ÏóáóÇÆöáö ÛóÖóÈö Çááøóåö ÝóÅöäøó ÓóáúÈó ÇáäøöÚúãóÉö áöáúãõäúÚóãö Úóáóíúåöãú ÊóäúÈöíåñ áóåõãú Úóáóì ÇÓúÊöÍúÞóÇÞöåöãú ÅöÚúÑóÇÖó Çááøóåö ÊóÚóÇáóì Úóäúåõãú.
æóÇáúÝóÇÁõ Ýöí Þóæúáöåö: ÝóÅöÐÇ ÌÇÁóÊúåõãõ ÇáúÍóÓóäóÉõ áöÊóÝúÑöíÚö åóÐóÇ ÇáúÎóÈóÑö Úóáóì ÌõãúáóÉö ÃóÎóÐúäÇ Âáó ÝöÑúÚóæúäó ÈöÇáÓøöäöíäó Ãóíú: ÝóßóÇäó ÍóÇáõåõãú ÅöÐóÇ ÌóÇÁóÊúåõãõ ÇáúÍóÓóäóÉõ ÅöáóÎú ... æóÇáúãóÚúäóì: Ýóáóãú íóÊóÐóßøóÑõæÇ æóáóßöäøóåõãú ÒóÇÏõæÇ ßõÝúÑðÇ æóÛõÑõæÑðÇ.
æóÇáúãóÌöíÁõ: ÇáúÍõÕõæáõ æóÇáúÅöÕóÇÈóÉõ¡ æóÅöäøóãóÇ ÚõÈøöÑó Ýöí ÌóÇäöÈö ÇáúÍóÓóäóÉö ÈöÇáúãóÌöíÁö áöÃóäøó ÍõÕõæáóåóÇ ãóÑúÛõæÈñ¡ Ýóåöíó ÈöÍóíúËõ ÊõÊóÑóÞøóÈõ ßóãóÇ íõÊóÑóÞøóÈõ ÇáúÌóÇÆöí¡ æóÚõÈøöÑó Ýöí ÌóÇäöÈö ÇáÓøóíøöÆóÉö ÈöÇáúÅöÕóÇÈóÉö áöÃóäøóåóÇ ÊÍÕá ÝóÌúÃóÉ ãä ÛóíúÑö ÑóÛúÈóÉò æóáóÇ ÊóÑóÞøõÈò.
æóÌöíÁó Ýöí ÌóÇäöÈö ÇáúÍóÓóäóÉö ÈöÅöÐóÇ ÇáÔøóÑúØöíøóÉö áöÃóäøó ÇáúÛóÇáöÈó Ýöí (ÅöÐóÇ) ÇáÏøóáóÇáóÉõ Úóáóì ÇáúíóÞöíäö ÈöæõÞõæÚö ÇáÔøóÑúØö Ãóæú ãóÇ íóÞúÑõÈõ ãöäó ÇáúíóÞöíäö ßóÞóæúáößó: ÅöÐóÇ ØóáóÚóÊö ÇáÔøóãúÓõ ÝóÚóáúÊõ ßóÐóÇ¡ æóáöÐóáößó ÛóáóÈó Ãóäú íóßõæäó ÝöÚúáõ ÇáÔøóÑúØö ãóÚó (ÅöÐóÇ) ÝöÚúáðÇ ãóÇÖöíðÇ áößóæúäö ÇáúãóÇÖöí ÃóÞúÑóÈó Åöáóì ÇáúíóÞöíäö Ýöí ÇáúÍõÕõæáö ãöäó
ÇáúãõÓúÊóÞúÈóáö¡ ßóãóÇ Ýöí ÇáúÂíóÉö¡ ÝóÇáúÍóÓóäóÇÊõ Ãóíö: ÇáäøöÚóãõ ßóËöíÑóÉõ ÇáúÍõÕõæáö(9/64)
ÊóäúÊóÇÈõåõãú ãõÊóæóÇáöíóÉð ãöäú ÕöÍøóÉò æóÎöÕúÈò æóÑóÎóÇÁò æóÑóÝóÇåöíóÉò. æóÌöíÁó Ýöí ÌóÇäöÈö ÇáÓøóíøöÆóÉö ÈöÍóÑúÝö (Åöäú) áöÃóäøó ÇáúÛóÇáöÈó Ãóäú ÊóÏõáøó (Åöäú) Úóáóì ÇáÊøóÑóÏøõÏö Ýöí æõÞõæÚö ÇáÔøóÑúØö¡ Ãóæú Úóáóì ÇáÔøóßøö¡ æóáößóæúäö ÇáÔøóíúÁö ÇáäøóÇÏöÑö ÇáúÍõÕõæáö ÛóíúÑó ãóÌúÒõæãò ÈöæõÞõæÚöåö¡ æóãóÔúßõæßðÇ Ýöíåö¡ ÌöíÁó Ýöí ÔóÑúØö ÅöÕóÇÈóÉö ÇáÓøóíøöÆóÉö ÈöÍóÑúÝö (Åöäú) áöäõÏúÑóÉö æõÞõæÚö ÇáÓøóíøöÆóÇÊö Ãóíö:
ÇáúãóßúÑõæåóÇÊö Úóáóíúåöãú¡ ÈöÇáäøöÓúÈóÉö Åöáóì ÇáúÍóÓóäóÇÊö¡ Ãóíö: ÇáäøöÚóãö¡ æóÝöí Ðóáößó ÊóÚúÑöíÖñ ÈöÃóäøó äöÚóãó Çááøóåö ßóÇäóÊú ãõÊóßóÇËöÑóÉð áóÏóíúåöãú æóÃóäøóåõãú ßóÇäõæÇ ãõÚúÑöÖöíäó Úóäö ÇáÔøõßúÑö¡ æóÊóÚúÑöíÖñ ÈöÃóäøó ÅöÕóÇÈóÊóåõãú ÈöÇáÓøóíøöÆóÇÊö äóÇÏöÑóÉñ æóåõãú íóÚõÏøõæäó ÇáÓøóíøöÆóÇÊö ãöäú ÌóÑøóÇÁö ãõæÓóì æóãóäú Âãóäó ãóÚóåõ¡ Ýóåõãú Ýöí ßöáúÊóÇ ÇáúÍóÇáóÊóíúäö Èóíúäó ßóÇÝöÑöíäó ÈöÇáäøöÚúãóÉö æóÙóÇáöãöíäó áöãõæÓóì æóãóäú ãóÚóåõ¡ æóáöåóÐóíúäö ÇáöÇÚúÊöÈóÇÑóíúäö ÚõÑøöÝóÊö ÇáúÍóÓóäóÉõ ÊóÚúÑöíÝó ÇáúÌöäúÓö ÇáúãóÚúÑõæÝó Ýöí Úöáúãö ÇáúãóÚóÇäöí ÈöÇáúÚóåúÏö ÇáÐøöåúäöíøö¡ Ãóíú: ÌóÇÁóÊúåõãõ ÇáúÍóÓóäóÇÊõ¡ áöÃóäøó åóÐóÇ ÇáúÌöäúÓó ãóÍúÈõæÈñ ãóÃúáõæÝñ ßóËöíÑõ ÇáúÍõÕõæáö áóÏóíúåöãú¡ æóäõßøöÑóÊú ÓóíøöÆóÉñ áöäõÏúÑóÉö æõÞõæÚöåóÇ Úóáóíúåöãú¡ æóáöÃóäøóåóÇ ÔóíúÁñ ÛóíúÑõ ãóÃúáõæÝò Íõáõæáõåõ Èöåöãú¡ Ãóíú: æóÅöäú ÊõÕöÈúåõãú ÂíóÉñ ÓóíøöÆóÉñ¡ ßóÐóÇ Ýöí «ÇáúßóÔøóÇÝ» æ «ÇáúãöÝúÊóÇÍ» .
æóÇÚúáóãú Ãóäøó ÇáÊøóÝúÑöÞóÉó Èóíúäó ÊóÚúÑöíÝö ÇáúÌöäúÓö æóÇáÊøóäúßöíÑö ãöäú áóØóÇÆöÝö ÇáöÇÓúÊöÚúãóÇáö ÇáúÈóáóÇÛöíøö¡ ßóãóÇ ÃóÔóÑúäóÇ Åöáóíúåö Ýöí Þóæúáöåö ÊóÚóÇáóì: ÇáúÍóãúÏõ áöáøóåö Ýöí ÓõæÑóÉö ÇáúÝóÇÊöÍóÉö [2] ¡ æóÃóãøóÇ ãöäú ÌöåóÉö ãõÝóÇÏö ÇááøóÝúÙö¡ ÝóÇáúãõÚóÑøóÝõ ÈáÇã ÇáúÌöäúÓ æÇáãäßÑÉ ÓóæóÇÁñ¡ ÝóáóÇ ÊóÙõäøó Ãóäøó ÇááøóÇãó áöáúÚóåúÏö áöÍóÓóäóÉò ãóÚúåõæÏóÉò æóæõÞõæÚõ ÇáúãõÚóÑøóÝö ÈáÇã ÇáúÌöäúÓ æÇáäßÑÉ Ýöí ÓöíóÇÞö ÇáÔøóÑúØö¡ Ýöí åóÐöåö ÇáúÂíóÉö íóÚõãøõ ßõáøó ÍóÓóäóÉò æóßõáøó ÓóíøöÆóÉò.
æóÇáúÍóÓóäóÉõ æóÇáÓøóíøöÆóÉõ åóäóÇ ãõÑóÇÏñ ÈöåöãóÇ ÇáúÍóÇáóÉõ ÇáúÍóÓóäóÉõ æóÇáúÍóÇáóÉõ ÇáÓøóíøöÆóÉõ.
æóÇááøóÇãõ Ýöí Þóæúáöåö áóäÇ åóÐöåö áóÇãõ ÇáöÇÓúÊöÍúÞóÇÞö Ãóíú: åóÐöåö ÇáúÍóÓóäóÉõ ÍóÞøñ áóäóÇ¡ áöÃóäøóåõãú ÈöÛõÑõæÑöåöãú íóÍúÓóÈõæäó Ãóäøóåõãú ÃóÍúÑöíóÇÁõ ÈöÇáäøöÚóãö¡ Ãóíú: ÝóáóÇ íóÑóæúäó Êöáúßó ÇáúÍóÓóäóÉó ÝóÖúáðÇ ãöäó Çááøóåö æóäöÚúãóÉð.
æíóØøóíøóÑõæÇ ÃóÕúáõåõ íóÊóØóíøóÑõæÇ¡ æóåõæó ÊóÝóÚøõáñ¡ ãõÔúÊóÞøñ ãöäó ÇÓúãö ÇáØøóíúÑö¡ ßóÃóäøóåõãú ÕóÇÛõæåõ Úóáóì æóÒúäö ÇáÊøóÝóÚøõáö áöãóÇ Ýöíåö ãöäú ÊóßóáøõÝö ãóÚúÑöÝóÉö ÍóÙøö ÇáúãóÑúÁö ÈöÏóáóÇáóÉö ÍóÑóßóÇÊö ÇáØøóíúÑö¡ Ãóæú åõæó ãõØóÇæóÚóÉñ Óõãøöíó ÈöåóÇ ãóÇ íóÍúÕõáõ ãöäó ÇáöÇäúÝöÚóÇáö ãöäú ÅöËúÑö ØóíóÑóÇäö ÇáØøóíúÑö. æóßóÇäó ÇáúÚóÑóÈõ ÅöÐóÇ ÎóÑóÌõæÇ Ýöí ÓóÝóÑò áöÍóÇÌóÉò¡ äóÙóÑõæÇ Åöáóì ãóÇ íõáóÇÞöíåöãú Ãóæøóáó ÓöíóÑöåöãú ãöäú ØóÇÆöÑò¡ ÝóßóÇäõæÇ íóÒúÚõãõæäó Ãóäøó Ýöí ãõÑõæÑöåö ÚóáóÇãóÇÊö íõãúäò æóÚóáóÇãóÇÊö ÔõÄúãò¡ ÝóÇáøóÐöí Ýöí ØíÑÇäå ÚóáÇãóÉ Èöãä Ýöí ÇÕúØöáóÇÍöåöãú íõÓóãøõæäóåõ ÇáÓøóÇäöÍó¡ æóåõæó ÇáøóÐöí íóäúåóÖõ ÝóíóØöíÑõ ãöäú ÌöåóÉö Çáúíóãöíäö áöáÓøóÇÆöÑö æóÇáøóÐöí ÚóáóÇãóÊõåõ ÇáÔøõÄúãõ åõæó ÇáúÈóÇÑöÍõ æóåõæó ÇáøóÐöí íóãõÑøõ Úóáóì ÇáúíóÓóÇÑö¡ æóÅöÐóÇ æóÌóÏó ÇáÓøóÇÆöÑõ ØóíúÑðÇ ÌóÇËöãðÇ ÃóËóÇÑóåõ áöíóäúÙõÑó Ãóíøó ÌöåóÉò íóØöíÑõ¡ æóÊõÓóãøóì Êöáúßó ÇáúÅöËóÇÑóÉõ ÒóÌúÑðÇ¡ Ýóãöäó ÇáØøóíúÑö ãóíúãõæä æóãöäúå ãÔÄæã(9/65)
æóÇáúÚóÑóÈõ íóÏúÚõæäó áöáúãõÓóÇÝöÑö ÈöÞóæúáöåöãú «Úóáóì ÇáØøóÇÆöÑö Çáúãóíúãõæäö» ¡ Ëõãøó ÛóáóÈó ÇÓúÊöÚúãóÇáõ áóÝúÙö ÇáÊøóØóíøõÑö Ýöí ãóÚúäóì ÇáÊøóÔóÇÄõãö ÎóÇÕøóÉð¡ íõÞóÇáõ ÇáØøöíóÑóÉõ ÃóíúÖðÇ¡ ßóãóÇ
Ýöí ÇáúÍóÏöíËö
«áóÇ ØöíóÑóÉó æóÅöäøóãóÇ ÇáØøöíóÑóÉõ Úóáóì ãóäú ÊóØóíøóÑó»
Ãóíú: ÇáÔøõÄúãõ íóÞóÚõ Úóáóì ãóäú íóÊóÔóÇÁóãõ¡ ÌóÚóáó Çááøóåõ Ðóáößó ÚõÞõæÈóÉð áóåõ Ýöí ÇáÏøõäúíóÇ áöÓõæÁö Ùóäøöåö ÈöÇááøóåö¡ æóÅöäøóãóÇ ÛóáóÈó áóÝúÙõ ÇáØøöíóÑóÉö Úóáóì ÇáÊøóÔóÇÄõãö áöÃóäøó áöáúÃóËóÑö ÇáúÍóÇÕöáö ãöäú ÏóáóÇáóÉö ÇáØøóíóÑóÇäö Úóáóì ÇáÔøõÄúãö ÏóáóÇáóÉð ÃóÔõÏøó Úóáóì ÇáäøóÝúÓö¡ áöÃóäøó ÊóæóÞøõÚó ÇáÖøõÑøö ÃóÏúÎóáõ Ýöí ÇáäøõÝõæÓö ãöäú ÑóÌóÇÁö ÇáäøóÝúÚö. æóÇáúãõÑóÇÏõ Èöåö Ýöí ÇáúÂíóÉ Ãóäåã íóÊóÔóÇÁóãõæäó ÈöãõæÓóì æóãóäú ãóÚóåõ ÝóÇÓúÊõÚúãöáó ÇáÊøóØóíøõÑó Ýöí ÇáÊøóÔóÇÄõãö ÈöÏõæäö ÏóáóÇáóÉò ãöäó ÇáØøóíúÑö¡ áöÃóäøó Þóæúãó ÝöÑúÚóæúäó áóãú íóßõæäõæÇ ãöãøóäú íóÒúÌõÑõ ÇáØøóíúÑó ÝöíãóÇ ÚóáöãúäóÇ ãöäú ÃóÍúæóÇáö ÊóÇÑöíÎöåöãú¡ æóáóßöäøóåõãú ÒóÚóãõæÇ Ãóäøó ÏóÚúæóÉó ãõæÓóì Ýöíåöãú ßóÇäóÊú ÓóÈóÈó ãóÕóÇÆöÈó ÍóáøóÊú Èöåöãú¡ ÝóÚõÈøöÑó Úóäú Ðóáößó ÈöÇáÊøóØóíøõÑö Úóáóì ØóÑöíÞóÉö ÇáÊøóÚúÈöíÑö ÇáúÚóÑóÈöíøö.
æóÇáÊøóÔóÇÄõãõ: åõæó ÚÏ ÇáÔøóíúÁ ãÔÄæãÇ¡ Ãóíú: íóßõæäõ æõÌõæÏõåõ. ÓóÈóÈðÇ Ýöí æõÌõæÏö ãóÇ íõÍúÒöäõ æóíóÖõÑøõ¡ ÝóãóÚúäóì íóØøóíøóÑõæÇ ÈöãõæÓì íóÍúÓóÈõæäó Íõáõæáó Ðóáößó Èöåöãú ãõÓóÈøóÈðÇ Úóäú æõÌõæÏö ãõæÓóì æóãóäú Âãóäó Èöåö æóÐóáößó Ãóäøó Âáó ÝöÑúÚóæúäó ßóÇäõæÇ ãõÊóÚóáøöÞöíäó ÈöÖóáóÇáö Ïöíäöåöãú¡ æóßóÇäõæÇ íóÍúÓóÈõæäó Ãóäøóåõãú ÅöÐóÇ ÍóÇÝóÙõæÇ Úóáóì ÇÊøöÈóÇÚöåö ßóÇäõæÇ Ýöí ÓóÚóÇÏóÉö ÚóíúÔò¡ ÝóÍóÓöÈõæÇ æõÌõæÏó ãóäú íõÎóÇáöÝõ Ïöíäóåõãú Èóíúäóåõãú ÓóÈóÈðÇ Ýöí Íõáõæáö ÇáúãóÕóÇÆöÈö æóÇáúÅöÖúÑóÇÑö Èöåöãú ÝóÊóÔóÇÁóãõæÇ Èöåöãú¡ æóáóãú íóÚúáóãõæÇ Ãóäøó ÓóÈóÈó ÇáúãóÕóÇÆöÈö åõæó ßõÝúÑõåõãú æóÅöÚúÑóÇÖõåõãú¡ áöÃóäøó Íõáõæáó ÇáúãóÕóÇÆöÈö Èöåöãú íóáúÒóãõ Ãóäú íóßõæäó ãõÓóÈøóÈðÇ Úóäú ÃóÓúÈóÇÈò Ýöíåöãú áóÇ Ýöí ÛóíúÑöåöãú.
æóåóÐóÇ ãöäó ÇáúÚóãóÇíóÉö Ýöí ÇáÖøóáóÇáóÉö ÝóíóÈúÞóæúäó ãõäúÕóÑöÝöíäó Úóäú ãóÚúÑöÝóÉö ÇáúÃóÓúÈóÇÈö ÇáúÍóÞöíÞóíøóÉö¡ æóáöÐóáößó ßóÇäó ÇáÊøóØóíøõÑõ ãöäú ÔöÚóÇÑö Ãóåúáö ÇáÔøöÑúßö áöÃóäøóåõ ãóÈúäöíøñ Úóáóì äöÓúÈóÉö ÇáúãõÓóÈøóÈóÇÊö áöÛóíúÑö ÃóÓúÈóÇÈöåóÇ¡ æóÐóáößó ãöäú ãõÎúÊóÑóÚóÇÊö ÇáøóÐöíäó æóÖóÚõæÇ áóåõãú ÏöíóÇäóÉó ÇáÔøöÑúßö æóÃóæúåóÇãóåóÇ.
Ýöí ÇáúÍóÏöíËö «ÇáØøöíóÑóÉõ ÔöÑúßñ»
(1) æóÊóÃúæöíáõåõ ÃóäøóåóÇ: ãöäú ÈóÞóÇíóÇ Ïöíäö ÇáÔøöÑúßö¡ æóíóÞóÚõ ÈóÚúÏó ÝöÚúáö ÇáÊøóØóíøõÑö ÈóÇÁñ¡ æóåöíó ÈóÇÁõ ÇáÓøóÈóÈöíøóÉö ÊóÏúÎõáõ Úóáóì ãõæÌöÈö ÇáÊøóØóíøõÑö¡ æóÞóÏú íõÞóÇáõ ÃóíúÖðÇ: ÊóØóíøóÑó ãöäú ßóÐóÇ.
æóÚóØúÝõ æóãóäú ãóÚóåõ¡ Ãóíú: ãóäú ÂãóäõæÇ Èöåö¡ áöÃóäøó Þóæúãó ÝöÑúÚóæúäó íóÚõÏøõæäó ãõæÌöÈó ÔõÄúãö ãõæÓóì åõæó ãóÇ ÌóÇÁó Èöåö ãöäó ÇáÏøöíäö áöÃóäøóåõ áóÇ íõÑúÖöí ÂáöåóÊóåõãú æóÏöíäóåõãú¡ æóáóæúáóÇ Ïöíäõåõ áã íßä ãÔÄæãÇ ßóãóÇ ÞóÇáó ËóãõæÏõ ÞóÏú ßõäúÊó ÝöíäÇ ãóÑúÌõæøðÇ ÞóÈúáó åóÐóÇ [åæÏ: 62] .
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(1) ÑóæóÇåõ ÃóÕúÍóÇÈ ÇáÓøäóä.(9/66)
æó (ÃóáÇ) ÍóÑúÝõ ÇÓúÊöÝúÊóÇÍò íõÝöíÏõ ÇáöÇåúÊöãóÇãó ÈöÇáúÎóÈóÑö ÇáúæóÇÑöÏö ÈóÚúÏóåõ. ÊóÚúáöíãðÇ áöáúÃõãøóÉö¡ æóÊóÚúÑöíÖðÇ ÈöãõÔúÑößöí ÇáúÚóÑóÈö.
æóÇáØøóÇÆöÑõ: ÇÓúãñ áöáØøóíúÑö ÇáøóÐöí íõËóÇÑõ áöíõÊóíóãøóäó Èöåö Ãóæú íõÊóÔóÇÁóãó¡ æóÇÓúÊõÚöíÑó åõäóÇ áöáÓøóÈóÈö ÇáúÍóÞøö áöÍõáõæáö
ÇáúãóÕóÇÆöÈö Èöåöãú ÈöÚóáóÇÞóÉö ÇáúãõÔóÇßóáóÉö áöÞóæúáöåö: íóØøóíøóÑõæÇ ÝóÔõÈøöåó ÇáÓøóÈóÈõ ÇáúÍóÞøõ¡ æóåõæó ãóÇ ÇÓúÊóÍóÞøõæÇ Èöåö ÇáúÚóÐóÇÈó ãöäú ÛóÖóÈö Çááøóåö ÈöÇáØøóÇÆöÑö.
æÚöäúÏó ãõÓúÊóÚúãóáóÉñ Ýöí ÇáÊøóÕóÑøõÝö ãóÌóÇÒðÇ áöÃóäøó ÇáÔøóíúÁó ÇáúãõÊóÕóÑøóÝó Ýöíåö ßóÇáúãõÓúÊóÞöÑøö Ýöí ãóßóÇäò¡ Ãóíú: ÓóÈóÈõ ÔõÄúãöåöãú ãõÞóÏøóÑñ ãöäó Çááøóåö¡ æóåóÐóÇ ßóãóÇ æóÞóÚó
Ýöí ÇáúÍóÏöíËö: «æóáóÇ ØóíúÑó ÅöáøóÇ ØóíúÑõßó»
¡ ÝóÚõÈøöÑó ÚóãøóÇ ÞóÏøóÑóåõ Çááøóåõ áöáäøóÇÓö «ÈöØóíúÑò» ãõÔóÇßóáóÉð áöÞóæúáöåö: «æóáóÇ ØóíúÑó» æóãóäú ÝóÓøóÑó ÇáØøóÇÆöÑó ÈöÇáúÍóÙøö ÝóÞóÏú ÃóÈúÚóÏó Úóäö ÇáÓøöíóÇÞö.
æóÇáúÞóÕúÑõ ÇáúãõÓúÊóÝóÇÏõ ãöäú ÅöäøóãÇ ÅöÖóÇÝöíøñ Ãóíú: ÓõæÁõ ÍóÇáöåöãú ÚöÞóÇÈñ ãöäó Çááøóåö¡ áóÇ ãöäú ÚöäúÏö ãõæÓóì æóãóäú ãóÚóåõ¡ ÝóáóÇ íõäóÇÝöí Ãóäøó ÇáúãõÄúãöäöíäó íóÚúáóãõæäó Ãóäøó ÓóÈóÈó Íõáõæáö ÇáúãóÕóÇÆöÈö ÈöÃóåúáö ÇáÔøöÑúßö ÇáúãõÚóÇäöÏöíäó áöáÑøõÓõáö¡ åõæó ÔöÑúßõåõãú æóÊóßúÐöíÈõåõãõ ÇáÑøõÓõáó: íóÚúáóãõæäó Ðóáößó ÈöÃóÎúÈóÇÑö ÇáÑøõÓõáö¡ Ãóæú ÈöÕöÏúÞö ÇáúÝöÑóÇÓóÉö æóÍõÓúäö ÇáöÇÓúÊöÏúáóÇáö¡ ßóãóÇ ÞóÇáó ÃóÈõæ ÓõÝúíóÇäó áóíúáóÉó ÇáúÝóÊúÍö áóãøóÇ åóÏóÇåõ Çááøóåõ «áóÞóÏú ÚóáöãúÊõ Ãóäú áóæú ßóÇäó ãóÚóåõ Åöáóåñ ÂÎóÑõ áóÞóÏú ÃóÛúäóì Úóäøöí ÔóíúÆðÇ» . ÝóÃóãøóÇ ÇáúãõÔúÑößõæäó æóÃóÖúÑóÇÈõåõãú ãöäú Ãóåúáö ÇáúÚóÞóÇÆöÏö ÇáÖøóÇáøóÉö¡ ÝóíõÓúäöÏõæäó ÕõÏõæÑó ÇáÖøóÑóÑö æóÇáäøóÝúÚö Åöáóì ÃóÔúíóÇÁó ÊõÞóÇÑöäõ ÍõÕõæáó ÖõÑøò æóäóÝúÚò¡ ÝóíóÊóæóåøóãõæäó Êöáúßó ÇáúãõÞóÇÑóäóÉó ÊóÓóÈøõÈðÇ¡ æóáöÐóáößó ÊóÑóÇåõãú íóÊóØóáøóÈõæäó ãóÚúÑöÝóÉó ÍõÕõæáö ÇáúÎóíúÑö æóÇáÔøóÑøö ãöäú ÛóíúÑö ÃóÓúÈóÇÈöåóÇ¡ æóãöäú Ðóáößó ÇáöÇÓúÊöÞúÓóÇãõ ÈöÇáúÃóÒúáóÇãö ßóãóÇ ÊóÞóÏøóãó Ýöí ÓõæÑóÉö ÇáúÚõÞõæÏö.
æóÌõãúáóÉõ ÃóáÇ ÅöäøóãÇ ØÇÆöÑõåõãú ÚöäúÏó Çááøóåö æóáßöäøó ÃóßúËóÑóåõãú áóÇ íóÚúáóãõæäó ãõÚúÊóÑöÖóÉñ æóáöÐóáößó ÝõÕöáóÊú¡ æóÇáöÇÓúÊöÏúÑóÇßõ ÇáúãõÓúÊóÝóÇÏõ ãöäú áßöäøó ÚóãøóÇ íõæåöãõåõ ÇáöÇåúÊöãóÇãõ ÈöÇáúÎóÈóÑö ÇáøóÐöí ÞóÈúáóåõ áöÞóÑúäöåö ÈöÃóÏóÇÉö ÇáöÇÓúÊöÝúÊóÇÍö¡ æóÇÔúÊöãóÇáöåö Úóáóì ÕöíÛóÉö ÇáúÞóÕúÑö: ãöäú ßóæúäö ÔóÃúäöåö Ãóäú áóÇ íóÌúåóáóåõ ÇáúÚõÞóáóÇÁõ¡ ÝóÇÓúÊõÏúÑößó ÈöÃóäøó ÃóßúËóÑó ÃõæáóÆößó áóÇ íóÚúáóãõæäó.
ÝóÇáÖøóãöíÑõ Ýöí Þóæúáöåö: ÃóßúËóÑóåõãú ÚóÇÆöÏñ Åöáóì ÇáøóÐöíäó ÞÇáõæÇ áóäÇ åÐöåö æóÅöäøóãóÇ äõÝöíó ÇáúÚöáúãõ Úóäú ÃóßúËóÑöåöãú ÊóäúÈöíåðÇ Úóáóì Ãóäøó ÞóáöíáðÇ ãöäúåõãú íóÚúáóãõæäó ÎöáóÇÝó Ðóáößó æóáóßöäøóåõãú íõÔóÇíöÚõæäó ãÞóÇáóÉ ÇáúÃóßúËóÑíä.(9/67)
æóÞóÇáõæÇ ãóåúãóÇ ÊóÃúÊöäóÇ Èöåö ãöäú ÂíóÉò áöÊóÓúÍóÑóäóÇ ÈöåóÇ ÝóãóÇ äóÍúäõ áóßó ÈöãõÄúãöäöíäó (132) ÝóÃóÑúÓóáúäóÇ Úóáóíúåöãõ ÇáØøõæÝóÇäó æóÇáúÌóÑóÇÏó æóÇáúÞõãøóáó æóÇáÖøóÝóÇÏöÚó æóÇáÏøóãó ÂíóÇÊò ãõÝóÕøóáóÇÊò ÝóÇÓúÊóßúÈóÑõæÇ æóßóÇäõæÇ ÞóæúãðÇ ãõÌúÑöãöíäó (133)
[ÓõæÑóÉ ÇáúÃóÚúÑóÇÝ (7) : ÇáúÂíóÇÊ 132 Åöáóì 133]
æóÞÇáõæÇ ãóåúãÇ ÊóÃúÊöäÇ Èöåö ãöäú ÂíóÉò áöÊóÓúÍóÑóäÇ ÈöåÇ ÝóãÇ äóÍúäõ áóßó ÈöãõÄúãöäöíäó (132) ÝóÃóÑúÓóáúäÇ Úóáóíúåöãõ ÇáØøõæÝÇäó æóÇáúÌóÑÇÏó æóÇáúÞõãøóáó æóÇáÖøóÝÇÏöÚó æóÇáÏøóãó ÂíÇÊò ãõÝóÕøóáÇÊò ÝóÇÓúÊóßúÈóÑõæÇ æóßÇäõæÇ ÞóæúãÇð ãõÌúÑöãöíäó (133)
ÌõãúáóÉõ: æóÞÇáõæÇ ãóÚúØõæÝóÉñ Úóáóì ÌõãúáóÉö æóáóÞóÏú ÃóÎóÐúäÇ Âáó ÝöÑúÚóæúäó ÈöÇáÓøöäöíäó [ÇáúÃóÚúÑóÇÝ: 130] ÇáúÂíóÉó¡ Ýóåõãú ÞóÇÈóáõæÇ ÇáúãóÕóÇÆöÈó ÇáøóÊöí ÃóÕóÇÈóåõãõ Çááøóåõ ÈöåóÇ áöíóÐøóßøóÑõæÇ¡ ÈöÇÒúÏöíóÇÏö ÇáúÛõÑõæÑö ÝóÃóíöÓõæÇ ãöäó ÇáÊøóÐóßøõÑö ÈöåóÇ¡ æóÚóÇäóÏõæÇ ãõæÓóì Íöíäó ÊóÍóÏøóÇåõãú ÈöåóÇ ÝóÞóÇáõæÇ: ãóåúãóÇ ÊóÃúÊöäóÇ Èöåö ãöäú ÃóÚúãóÇáö ÓöÍúÑößö ÇáúÚóÌöíÈóÉö ÝóãóÇ
äóÍúäõ áóßó ÈöãõÄúãöäöíäó¡ Ãóíú: ÝóáóÇ ÊõÊúÚöÈú äóÝúÓóßó Ýöí ÇáÓøöÍúÑö.
æãóåúãÇ ÇÓúãñ ãõÖóãøóäñ ãóÚúäóì ÇáÔøóÑúØö¡ áöÃóäøó ÃóÕúáóåõ (ãóÇ) ÇáúãóæúÕõæáóÉõ Ãóæö ÇáäøóßöÑóÉõ ÇáÏøóÇáøóÉõ Úóáóì ÇáúÚõãõæãö¡ ÝóÑõßøöÈóÊú ãóÚóåóÇ (ãóÇ) áöÊóÕúíöíÑöåóÇ ÔóÑúØöíøóÉð ßóãóÇ ÑõßøöÈóÊú (ãóÇ) ãóÚó (Ãóíú) æó (ãóÊóì) æó (Ãóíúäó) ÝóÕóÇÑóÊú ÃóÓúãóÇÁó ÔóÑúØò¡ æóÌõÚöáóÊö ÇáúÃóáöÝõ ÇáúÃõæáóì åóÇÁð ÇÓúÊöËúÞóÇáðÇ áöÊóßúÑöíÑö ÇáúãõÊóÌóÇäöÓóíúäö¡ æóáöÞõÑúÈö ÇáúåóÇÁö ãöäó ÇáúÃóáöÝö ÝóÕóÇÑóÊú ãóåúãóÇ¡ æóãóÚúäóÇåóÇ: ÔóíúÁñ ãóÇ¡ æóåöíó ãõÈúåóãóÉñ ÝóíõÄúÊóì ÈóÚúÏóåóÇ Èöãöäö ÇáÊøóÈúíöíäöíøóÉö¡ Ãóíú: Åöäú ÊóÃúÊöäóÇ ÈöÔóíúÁò ãöäó ÇáúÂíóÇÊö ÝóãóÇ äóÍúäõ áóßó ÈöãõÄúãöäöíäó.
æãóåúãÇ Ýöí ãóÍóáøö ÑóÝúÚò ÈöÇáöÇÈúÊöÏóÇÁö¡ æóÇáÊøóÞúÏöíÑõ: ÃóíøõãóÇ ÔóíúÁò ÊóÃúÊöíäóÇ Èöåö¡ æóÎóÈóÑõåõ ÇáÔøóÑúØõ æóÌóæóÇÈõåõ¡ æóíóÌõæÒõ ßóæúäõåóÇ Ýöí ãóÍóáøö äóÕúÈò áöÝöÚúáò ãóÍúÐõæÝò íóÏõáøõ Úóáóíúåö ÊóÃúÊöäÇ Èöåö ÇáúãóÐúßõæÑõ.
æóÇáÊøóÞúÏöíÑõ: Ãóíøõ ÔóíúÁò ÊõÍúÖöÑõäóÇ ÊóÃúÊöíäóÇ Èöåö.
æóÐõßøöÑó ÖóãöíÑõ Èöåö ÑóÚúíðÇ áöáóÝúÙö ãóåúãÇ ÇáøóÐöí åõæó Ýöí ãóÚúäóì Ãóíøö ÔóíúÁò¡ æóÃõäøöËó ÖóãöíÑõ ÈöåÇ ÑóÚúíðÇ áöæõÞõæÚöåö ÈóÚúÏó ÈóíóÇäö ãóåúãÇ ÈöÇÓúãò ãõÄóäøóËò åõæó ÂíóÉò.
æãöäú ÂíóÉò ÈóíóÇäñ áöÅöÈúåóÇãö ãóåúãÇ.
æóÇáúÂíóÉõ: ÇáúÚóáóÇãóÉõ ÇáÏøóÇáøóÉõ¡ æóÞóÏú ÊóÞóÏøóãó ÇáúßóáóÇãõ ÚóáóíúåóÇ ÚöäúÏó Þóæúáöåö ÊóÚóÇáóì: æóÇáøóÐöíäó ßóÝóÑõæÇ æóßóÐøóÈõæÇ ÈöÂíÇÊöäÇ ÃõæáÆößó ÃóÕúÍÇÈõ ÇáäøóÇÑö Ýöí ÓõæÑóÉö ÇáúÈóÞóÑóÉö [39] ¡ æóÝöí Þóæúáöåö ÊóÚóÇáóì: æóÞÇáõæÇ áóæúáÇ äõÒøöáó Úóáóíúåö ÂíóÉñ ãöäú ÑóÈøöåö Ýöí ÓõæÑóÉö ÇáúÃóäúÚóÇãö [37] .
æóÓóãøóæúÇ ãóÇ ÌóÇÁó Èöåö ãõæÓóì ÂíóÉð ÈöÇÚúÊöÈóÇÑö ÇáúÛóÑóÖö ÇáøóÐöí ÊóÍóÏøóÇåõãú Èöåö ãõæÓóì Íöíäó ÇáúÅöÊúíóÇäö ÈöåóÇ¡ áöÃóäøó ãõæÓóì íóÃúÊöíåöãú ÈöåóÇ ÇÓúÊöÏúáóÇáðÇ Úóáóì ÕöÏúÞö ÑöÓóÇáóÊöåö¡ æóåõãú áóÇ íóÚõÏøõæäóåóÇ ÂíóÉð æóáóßöäøóåõãú ÌóÇÑõæÇ ãõæÓóì Ýöí ÇáÊøóÓúãöíóÉö ÈöÞóÑöíäóÉö Þóæúáöåöãú áöÊóÓúÍóÑóäÇ ÈöåÇ¡ æóÝöí Ðóáößó(9/68)
ÇÓúÊöåúÒóÇÁñ ßóãóÇ Íóßóì Çááøóåõ Úóäú ãõÔúÑößöí Ãóåúáö ãóßøóÉ æóÞóÇáõæÇ: íóÇ ÃóíøõåóÇ ÇáøóÐöí äõÒøöáó Úóáóíúåö ÇáÐøößúÑõ Åöäøóßó áóãóÌúäõæäñ [ÇáúÍÌÑ: 6] ÈöÞóÑöíäóÉö Þóæúáöåöãú: Åöäøóßó áóãóÌúäõæäñ.
æóÌõãúáóÉõ ÝóãÇ äóÍúäõ áóßó ÈöãõÄúãöäöíäó ãõÝöíÏóÉñ ÇáúãõÈóÇáöÛóÉó Ýöí ÇáúÞóØúÚö ÈöÇäúÊöÝóÇÁö ÅöíãóÇäöåöãú ÈöãõæÓóì áöÃóäøóåõãú ÌóÇÁõæÇ Ýöí ßóáóÇãöåöãú ÈöãóÇ ÍóæóÊúåõ ÇáúÌõãúáóÉõ ÇáöÇÓúãöíøóÉõ ÇáøóÊöí ÍóßóÊúåõ ãöäó ÇáÏøóáóÇáóÉö Úóáóì ËõÈõæÊö åóÐóÇ ÇáöÇäúÊöÝóÇÁö æóÏóæóÇãöåö. æóÈöãóÇ ÊõÝöíÏõåõ ÇáúÈóÇÁõ ãöäú ÊóæúßöíÏö ÇáäøóÝúíö¡ æóãóÇ íõÝöíÏõåõ ÊóÞúÏöíãõ ãõÊóÚóáøöÞö ãõÄúãöäöíäó ãöäó ÇåúÊöãóÇãöåöãú ÈöãõæÓóì Ýöí ÊóÚúáöíÞö ÇáúÅöíãóÇäö Èöåö ÇáúãóäúÝöíøö ÈöÇÓúãöåö.
æóÇáúÝóÇÁõ Ýöí Þóæúáöåö: ÝóÃóÑúÓóáúäÇ áöÊóÝúÑöíÚö ÅöÕóÇÈóÊöåöãú ÈöåóÐöåö ÇáúãóÕóÇÆöÈö Úóáóì ÚõÊõæøöåöãú æóÚöäóÇÏöåöãú.
æóÇáúÅöÑúÓóÇáõ: ÍóÞöíÞóÊõåõ ÊóæúÌöíåõ ÑóÓõæáò Ãóæú ÑöÓóÇáóÉò ÝóíõÚóÏøóì Åöáóì ÇáúãóÝúÚõæáö ÇáËøóÇäöí (ÈöÅöáóì) æóíõÖóãøóäõ ãóÚúäóì ÇáúÅöÑúÓóÇáö ãöäú ÝóæúÞó¡ ÝóíõÚóÏøóì Åöáóì ÇáúãóÝúÚõæáö ÇáËøóÇäöí (ÈöÚóáóì) ¡ ÞóÇáó ÊóÚóÇáóì: æóÃóÑúÓóáó Úóáóíúåöãú ØóíúÑÇð ÃóÈÇÈöíáó [ÇáúÝöíá: 3] ¡ æóÝöí ÚÇÏò ÅöÐú ÃóÑúÓóáúäÇ Úóáóíúåöãõ ÇáÑøöíÍó ÇáúÚóÞöíãó [ÇáÐÇÑíÇÊ: 41] ÝóÍóÑúÝõ (Úóáóì) Ïóáøó Úóáóì Ãóäøó ÌõãúáóÉó ÃóÑúÓóáúäóÇ ãõÝóÑøóÚóÉñ ÊóÝúÑöíÚó ÇáúÚÞóÇÈ áóÇ ÊóÝúÑöíÛ ÒöíóÇÏóÉö ÇáúÂíóÇÊö.
æóÇáØøõæÝóÇäõ: ÇáÓøóíúÍõ ÇáúÛóÇáöÈõ ãöäó ÇáúãóÇÁö ÇáøóÐöí íóÛúãõÑõ ÌöåóÇÊò ßóËöíÑóÉð æóíóØúÛóì Úóáóì ÇáúãóäóÇÒöáö æóÇáúãóÒóÇÑöÚö¡ Þöíáó åõæó ãõÔúÊóÞøñ ãöäó ÇáØøóæóÇÝö áöÃóäøó ÇáúãóÇÁó íóØõæÝõ ÈöÇáúãóäóÇÒöáö¡ Ãóíú: ÊóÊóßóÑøóÑõ ÌóÑúíóÊõåõ ÍóæúáóåóÇ¡ æóáóãú íóÏúÎõáö ÇáØøõæÝóÇäõ ÇáúÃóÑúÖó ÇáøóÊöí ßóÇäó ÈöåóÇ Èóäõæ ÅöÓúÑóÇÆöíáó æóåöíó ÃóÑúÖõ (ÌóÇÓóÇäó) .
æóÇáúÌóÑóÇÏõ: ÇáúÍóÔóÑóÉõ ÇáØøóÇÆöÑóÉõ ãöäú ÝóÕöíáóÉö ÇáÕøõÑúÕõÑö æóÇáúÎóäóÇÝöÓö áóåõ ÃóÌúäöÍóÉñ ÓöÊøóÉñ ÐóÇÊõ ÃóáúæóÇäò ÕõÝúÑò æóÍõãúÑò ÊóäúÊóÔöÑõ ÚöäúÏó ØóíóÑóÇäöåö¡ íóßõæäõ ÌõäõæÏðÇ ßóËöíÑóÉð íõÓóãøóì ÇáúÌõäúÏõ ãöäúåóÇ ÑöÌúáðÇ. æóåõæó ãõåúáößñ áöáÒøóÑúÚö æóÇáÔøóÌóÑö¡ íóÃúßõáõ ÇáúæóÑóÞó æóÇáÓøõäúÈõáó æóæóÑóÞó ÇáÔøóÌóÑö æóÞöÔúÑóåõ¡ Ýóåõæó ãöäú ÃóÓúÈóÇÈö ÇáúÞóÍúØö. ÃóÕóÇÈó ÃóÑúÖó Þóæúãö ÝöÑúÚóæúäó æóáóãú íõÕöÈú ÃóÑúÖó Èóäöí ÅöÓúÑóÇÆöíáó.
æóÇáúÞõãøóáõ:- ÈöÖóãøö ÇáúÞóÇÝö æóÊóÔúÏöíÏö Çáúãöíãö ÇáúãóÝúÊõæÍóÉö Ýöí ÇáúÞöÑóÇÁóÇÊö ÇáúãóÔúåõæÑóÉö- ÇÓúãõ äóæúÚò ãöäó ÇáúÞõÑóÇÏö ÚóÙöíãò íõÓóãøóì ÇáúÍõãúäóÇäõ- ÈöÖóãøö ÇáúÍóÇÁö ÇáúãõåúãóáóÉö æóãöíãò ÓóÇßöäóÉò æóäõæäóíúäö- æóÇÍöÏóÊõåõ ÍóãúäóÇäóÉñ æóåõæó íóãúÊóÕøõ Ïóãó ÇáúÅöäúÓóÇäö (æóåõæó ÛóíúÑõ ÇáúÞóãúáö- ÈöÝóÊúÍö ÇáúÞóÇÝö æóÓõßõæäö Çáúãöíãö- ÇáøóÐöí åõæó ãöäó ÇáúÍóÔóÑóÇÊö ÇáÏøóÞöíÞóÉö ÇáøóÊöí Êóßõæäõ Ýöí ÔóÚúÑö ÇáÑøóÃúÓö æóÝöí ÌöáúÏö ÇáúÌóÓóÏö íóÊóßóæøóäõ ãöäú ÊóÚóÝøõäö ÇáúÌóáúÏö áöæóÓóÎöåö æóÏõÓõæãóÊöåö æóãöäú ÊóÚóÝøõäö ÌöáúÏö ÇáÑøóÃúÓö ßóËöíÑðÇ) ¡ ÃóÕóÇÈó ÇáúÞöÈúØó ÌõäúÏñ ßóËöíÑñ ãöäó ÇáúÍõãúäóÇäö ÚóÓõÑó ÇáöÇÍúÊöÑóÇÒõ Úóäúåõ æóáóÚóáøóåõ ÃóÕóÇÈó ãóæóÇÔöíóåõãú.
æóÇáÖøóÝóÇÏöÚõ: ÌóãúÚõ ÖöÝúÏóÚò æóåõæó ÍóíóæóÇäñ íóãúÔöí Úóáóì ÃóÑúÌõáò ÃóÑúÈóÚò æóíóÓúÍóÈõ ÈóØúäóåõ Úóáóì(9/69)