áóßóÇäõæÇ ãõÓúÊóÍöÞøöíäó áöáúÚöÞóÇÈö¡ áöÈóÞóÇÆöåóÇ Úóáóì ÍóÇáö ÇáÊøóÍúÑöíãö ÇáøóÐöí ßóÇäó Úóáóì ÓóÇÆöÑö ÇáúÃõãóãö ÇáÓøóÇáöÝóÉö¡ æóáóßöäøóåõ ÚóÒøó æóÌóáøó ÃóÈóÇÍóåóÇ áóåõãú¡ Ýóáóãú íóÓúÊóÍöÞøõæÇ ÇáúÚöÞóÇÈó ÈöÃóÎúÐöåóÇ. æóíóÏõáøõ Úóáóì ÕöÍøóÉö åóÐóÇ ÇáÊøóÃúæöíáö: Þóæúáõåõ ÊóÈóÇÑóßó æóÊóÚóÇáóì: {ÝóßõáõæÇ ãöãøóÇ ÛóäöãúÊõãú ÍóáóÇáðÇ ØóíøöÈðÇ} [ÇáÃäÝÇá: 69] æóáóæú ßóÇäõæÇ ÂÎöÐöíäó áöãóÇ áóãú íóÌõÒú ÃóÎúÐõåõ áóÃóãóÑóåõãú Èöåö¡ æóÈöÞóÊúáö ãóäú Ýöí ÃóíúÏöíåöãú ãöäú ÇáúÃóÓúÑóì¡ ÅÐú ßóÇäó Çáúãóäøõ æóÃóÎúÐõ ÇáúÝöÏóÇÁö ÎóØóÃð¡ ÎöáóÇÝõ Íõßúãö Çááøóåö ÊóÚóÇáóì Ýöíåöãú¡ áöÃóäøó Çááøóåó ÊóÚóÇáóì áóÇ íõÞöÑøõ ÃóÍóÏðÇ Úóáóì ÎöáóÇÝö Íõßúãöåö. æóÝöí Þóæúáå ÊóÚóÇáóì: {íóÇ ÃóíøõåóÇ ÇáäøóÈöíøõ Þõáú áöãóäú Ýöí ÃóíúÏöíßõãú ãöäú ÇáúÃóÓúÑóì Åäú íóÚúáóãú Çááøóåõ Ýöí ÞõáõæÈößõãú ÎóíúÑðÇ íõÄúÊößõãú ÎóíúÑðÇ ãöãøóÇ ÃõÎöÐó ãöäúßõãú æóíóÛúÝöÑú áóßõãú} [ÇáÃäÝÇá: 70] . íóÏõáøõ Úóáóì Ãóäøóåõ ÃóäúÝóÐó áóåõãú ãóÇ ÃóÎóÐõæåõ¡ æóÃóäøóåõ áóæú ßóÇäó ãõÍóÑøóãðÇ Úóáóíúåöãú ßóÊóÍúÑöíãöåö Úóáóì ãóäú ßóÇäó ÞóÈúáóåõãú áóãóÓøóåõãú Ýöí ÃóÎúÐöåö ÚóÐóÇÈñ ÚóÙöíãñ¡ ÝóÃóÎúÈóÑó Úóäú ãóæúÖöÚö ÇáäøöÚúãóÉö Úóáóíúåöãú¡ ÈöÅöÈóÇÍóÊöåö ÃóÎúÐóåóÇ¡ áöÆóáøóÇ íóÓúÊóÍöÞøõæÇ ÇáúÚöÞóÇÈó ÅÐóÇ ÃóÎóÐõæåóÇ. æóÞóÏú Þöíáó: Åäøó Þóæúáå ÊóÚóÇáóì: {ãóÇ ßóÇäó áöäóÈöíøò Ãóäú íóßõæäó áóåõ ÃóÓúÑóì} [ÇáÃäÝÇá: 67] . íóÌõæÒõ Ãóäú íóßõæäó ÇáäøóÈöíøõ - Õóáøóì Çááøóåõ Úóáóíúåö æóÓóáøóãó - ÏóÇÎöáðÇ Ýöíåö¡ ÅáøóÇ Ãóäøóåõ áóãøóÇ ÃóËúÎóäóåõãú ÈöÞóÊúáöåö ÑõÄóÓóÇÁóåõãú æóåóÒöíãóÉö ÇáúÈóÇÞöíäó ãöäúåõãú¡ ÌóÇÒó Ãóäú íóßõæäó áóåõ ÃóÓúÑóì¡ ÝóßóÇäó ÓóÈöíáõåõ Ýöí åóÐóÇ ÇáúÈóÇÈö¡ ÓóÈöíáõ ÓóÇÆöÑö ÇáúÃóäúÈöíóÇÁö ÕóáóæóÇÊõ Çááøóåö æóÓóáóÇãõåõ Úóáóíúåöãú¡ Ýöí Ãóäøóåõ áóãú íõÈöÍú áóåõ ÇáúÃóÓúÑóì ÅáøóÇ ÈóÚúÏó ÇáúÅöËúÎóÇäö¡ Ëõãøó ÎóÇáóÝó Èóíúäó Íõßúãöåö¡ æóÈóíúäó Íõßúãö ÓóÇÆöÑö ÇáúãõÊóÞóÏøöãöíäó¡ ÈöÃóäú áóãú íóÌúÚóáú áöãóäú ÊóÞóÏøóãó ÃóÎúÐó ÇáúãóÇáö ãöäú ÇáúÃóÓúÑóì¡ æóÅöäøóãóÇ ßóÇäó áóåõãú Çáúãóäøõ ÈöÛóíúÑö ÝöÏóÇÁò¡ Ãóæú ÇáúÞóÊúáõ. æóÃóÈóÇÍó áöáäøóÈöíøö - Õóáøóì Çááøóåõ Úóáóíúåö æóÓóáøóãó - ÃóÎúÐó ÇáúÝöÏóÇÁö. ÝóÞóÇáó ÊóÚóÇáóì: {áóæúáóÇ ßöÊóÇÈñ ãöäú Çááøóåö ÓóÈóÞó áóãóÓøóßõãú ÝöíãóÇ ÃóÎóÐúÊõãú ÚóÐóÇÈñ ÚóÙöíãñ} [ÇáÃäÝÇá: 68] (ÈöÃóäú íõÝóÖøóáó Ïõæäó ÓóÇÆöÑö ÇáúÃóäúÈöíóÇÁö ÈöÅöÈóÇÍóÉö ÃóÎúÐö ÇáúÝöÏóÇÁö áóãóÓøóßõãú ÝöíãóÇ ÃóÎóÐúÊõãú ÚóÐóÇÈñ ÚóÙöíãñ) . ßóãóÇ áóæú ÝóÚóáóåõ ãóäú ÞóÈúáóßõãú ãóÚó ÇáúÍóÙúÑö.
æóíóÏõáøõ Úóáóì Ãóäøó Çááøóåó ÊóÚóÇáóì áóãú íõÚóÇÊöÈúåõ Úóáóì ÊóÈúÞöíóÉö ÇáúÃóÓúÑóì ÈöÇáúÝöÏóÇÁö: Ãóäøó Çááøóåó ÊóÚóÇáóì ÞóÏú ßóÇäó ÚóÇáöãðÇ ÈöÃóäøó Ýöí ÃõæáóÆößó ÇáúÃóÓúÑóì ãóäú íõÓúáöãõ¡ æóíóÍúÓõäõ ÅÓúáóÇãõåõ ÅÐóÇ ÇõÓúÊõÈúÞöíó æõÝõæÏöí Èöåö¡ æóíóäúÌõæ ãöäú ÚóÐóÇÈö ÇáúßõÝúÑö.(4/306)
Ýóáóãú íóßõäú ÌóÇÆöÑðÇ Ýöí Íõßúãöåö æóáóÇ ÃóãúÑöåö¡ ÞóÊóáó ãóäú Ýöí ãóÚúáõæãöåö Ãóäøóåõ áóãú íóÃúãõÑú ÈöÞóÊúáöåö¡ ÅÐóÇ ßóÇäó Ýöíåö ÇÞúÊöØóÇÚñ ãöäúåõ áóåõ Úóäú ÇáäøóÌóÇÉö¡ æóÇáúæõÕõæáö Åáóì ÇáËøóæóÇÈö ÈöÅöãóÇÊóÊöåö æóÞóÊúáöåö¡ æóåóÐóÇ áóÇ íóÌõæÒõ Ýöí Íõßúãö Çááøóåö ÊóÚóÇáóì. ÝóÏóáøó Úóáóì Ãóäøó ÇáäøóÈöíøó - Õóáøóì Çááøóåõ Úóáóíúåö æóÓóáøóãó - ßóÇäó ãõÕöíÈðÇ Ýöí ÇÓúÊöÈúÞóÇÆöåöãú¡ æóÃóÎúÐö ÇáúÝöÏóÇÁö ãöäúåõãú¡ æóÓóÞóØó ÈöÐóáößó ÊóÃúæöíáõ ãóäú ÊóÃóæøóáó ÇáúÂíóÉó Úóáóì ÅËúÈóÇÊö ÇáúÚóÊúÈö ãöäú Çááøóåö ÊóÚóÇáóì Ýöí ÃóÎúÐö ÇáúÝöÏóÇÁö¡ æóÇÓúÊöÈúÞóÇÁö ÇáúÃóÓúÑóì. æóÞóÏú ÇÍúÊóÌøõæÇ ÃóíúÖðÇ - ßóãóÇ ÐóßóÑúäóÇ - ÈöÞóæúáöåö ÊóÚóÇáóì: {æóÏóÇæõÏ æóÓõáóíúãóÇäó ÅÐú íóÍúßõãóÇäö Ýöí ÇáúÍóÑúËö} [ÇáÃäÈíÇÁ: 78] Åáóì Þóæúáå ÊóÚóÇáóì: {ÝóÝóåøóãúäóÇåóÇ ÓõáóíúãóÇäó æóßõáøðÇ ÂÊóíúäóÇ ÍõßúãðÇ æóÚöáúãðÇ} [ÇáÃäÈíÇÁ: 79] . ÝóáóãøóÇ ãóÏóÍóåõãóÇ ÌóãöíÚðÇ ÈöãóÇ æóÕóÝóåõãóÇ (Èöåö) ãöäú ÇáúÍõßúãö æóÇáúÚöáúãö¡ Ïóáøó Úóáóì ÊóÕúæöíÈöåö áóåõãóÇ Ýöí ÇÌúÊöåóÇÏöåöãóÇ. æÞóæúáå ÊóÚóÇáóì: {ÝóÝóåøóãúäóÇåóÇ ÓõáóíúãóÇäó} [ÇáÃäÈíÇÁ: 79] ÊóÃóæøóáõæåõ Úóáóì ÅÕóÇÈóÉö ÇáúÃóÔúÈóåö ÚöäúÏó Çááøóåö ÊóÚóÇáóì ÇáøóÐöí áóãú íõßóáøöÝúåóÇ ÇáúãõÌúÊóåöÏó. æóíóÏõáøõ Úóáóì Ðóáößó (ÃóíúÖðÇ) : Þóæúáõ ÇáäøóÈöíøö - Õóáøóì Çááøóåõ Úóáóíúåö æóÓóáøóãó -: «ÃóÕúÍóÇÈöí ßóÇáäøõÌõæãö ÈöÃóíøöåöãú ÇÞúÊóÏóíúÊõãú ÇåúÊóÏóíúÊõãú» . ÝóÇÞúÊóÖóì åóÐóÇ ÇáúÞóæúáõ ÈöÃóäøóåõãú ÅÐóÇ ÇÎúÊóáóÝõæÇ ÝóÇÞúÊóÏóì åóÐóÇ ÈöÈóÚúÖöåöãú æóåóÐóÇ ÈöÈóÚúÖöåöãú Ãóäú íóßõæäóÇ ÌóãöíÚðÇ ãõÌúÊóåöÏöíäó ãõÕöíÈöíäó áöÍõßúãö Çááøóåö ÊóÚóÇáóì ÚóáóíúåöãóÇ. æóíóÏõáøõ Úóáóíúåö ÃóíúÖðÇ: «ÊóÍúßöíãõ ÇáäøóÈöíøö - Õóáøóì Çááøóåõ Úóáóíúåö æóÓóáøóãó - ÓóÚúÏó Èúäó ãõÚóÇÐò Ýöí ÃóãúÑö Èóäöí ÞõÑóíúÙóÉó¡ Úóáóì Ãóäú íóÍúßõãó Ýöíåöãú ÈöãóÇ íóÑóÇåõ ÕóæóÇÈðÇ» ¡ ÝóÓóæøóÛó áóåõãú ÃóíúÖðÇ Íõßúãóåõ Ýöíåöãú Úóáóì Ãóíøö æóÌúåò æóÞóÚó Íõßúãõåõ: ãöäú ÞóÊúáò¡ Ãóæú ãöäú ÇÓúÊöÈúÞóÇÁò.(4/307)
æóãóÚúáõæãñ Ãóäøó Íõßúãóåõ Ðóáößó ßóÇäó ãöäú ØóÑöíÞö ÇáöÇÌúÊöåóÇÏö áóÇ Úóáóì æóÌúåö ÇáúÍóÏúÓö æóÇáÙøóäøö¡ æóáóÇ Úóáóì ÌöåóÉö ÇáÊøóÎúíöíÑö ãöäú ÛóíúÑö ÇÌúÊöåóÇÏò Ýöí ÊóÍóÑøöí ÇáúÃóÕúæóÈö æóÇáúÃóæúáóì. ÝóÏóáøó Ðóáößó Úóáóì Ãóäøó ßõáøó ãóäú ÓóÇÛó áóåõ ÇáöÇÌúÊöåóÇÏõ Ýöí ÇÓúÊöÎúÑóÇÌö Íõßúãö ÍóÇÏöËóÉò Ãóäøóåõ ãõÕöíÈñ áöÍõßúãö Çááøóåö ÊóÚóÇáóì ÝöíãóÇ ÃóÏøóÇåõ Åáóíúåö ÇÌúÊöåóÇÏõåõ. ÝóÅöäú Þöíáó: áóãøóÇ ÞóÇáó áóåõ ÇáäøóÈöíøõ - Õóáøóì Çááøóåõ Úóáóíúåö æóÓóáøóãó - ÈóÚúÏó ÅÈúÑóÇãö ÇáúÍõßúãö: «áóÞóÏú ÍóßóãúÊ ÈöÍõßúãö Çááøóåö ÊóÚóÇáóì ãöäú ÝóæúÞö ÓóÈúÚö ÓóãóæóÇÊò» Ïóáøó (Úóáóì) Ãóäøó Íõßúãóåõ æóÇÝóÞó Íõßúãó Çááøóåö ÊóÚóÇáóì¡ æóÃóäøóåõ áóãú íóßõäú áöáøóåö ÊóÚóÇáóì (Ýöíåö) Íõßúãñ ÛóíúÑõåõ. Þöíáó áóåõ: ÅäøóãóÇ ÞóÇáó Ðóáößó¡ áöÃóäøóåõ ßóÇäó ãõÕöíÈðÇ Ýöí Íõßúãöåö¡ ãöäú ÍóíúËõ íõÓóæøóÛõ áóåõ ÇáöÇÌúÊöåóÇÏõ Ýöíåö ÝóÃóãúÖóÇåõ ÈöÇÌúÊöåóÇÏöåö. (æóáóæú) ßóÇäó Íóßóãó ÈöÛóíúÑöåö áóßóÇäó Ðóáößó Íõßúãó Çááøóåö ÊóÚóÇáóì (ÃóíúÖðÇ) ¡ ÅÐú ÓóæøóÛó ÅãúÖóÇÁó ãóÇ ÑóÂåõ ÕóæóÇÈðÇ ÈöÇÌúÊöåóÇÏöåö¡ æóáóíúÓó Ýöí Þóæúáöåö: áóÞóÏú ÍóßóãúÊ ÈöÍõßúãö Çááøóåö ÊóÚóÇáóì¡ ÏóáóÇáóÉñ Úóáóì Ãóäøóåõ áóæú Íóßóãó ÈöÛóíúÑö Ðóáößó áóãú íóßõäú Ðóáößó Íõßúãó Çááøóåö ÊóÚóÇáóì. æóãöãøóÇ íóÏõáøõ Úóáóì Ðóáößó ãöäú ÅÌúãóÇÚö ÇáÓøóáóÝö: Ãóäøó ÇáÕøóÍóÇÈóÉó ÞóÏú ÇÎúÊóáóÝóÊú Ýöí ÔóíúÆóíúäö¡ ÕóÇÑõæÇ Ýöí ÃóÍóÏöåöãóÇ Åáóì ÇáúÅöäúßóÇÑö Úóáóì ãõÎóÇáöÝöíåöãú¡ æóÅöáóì ÇáÊøóÍóÒøõÈö æóÇáúÞöÊóÇáö æóÇááøóÚúäö æóÇáúÈóÑóÇÁóÉö. æóåõæó ãóÇ ÞóÏú ÚóáöãúäóÇ ßóæúäóåõ ÝöíãóÇ Èóíúäóåõãú. æóßóÇäõæÇ Ýöí ÇáöÇÎúÊöáóÇÝö ÇáúÂÎóÑö ãõÊóÓóÇáöãöíäó ÛóíúÑö ãõäúßöÑò ÈóÚúÖõåõãú Úóáóì ÈóÚúÖò ÎöáóÇÝóåõ ÅíøóÇåõ Ýöíåö¡ æóåõæó ÃóÍúßóÇãõ ÍóæóÇÏöËö ÇáúÝõÊúíóÇ¡ ÝóËóÈóÊó ÈöÐóáößó ÇÝúÊöÑóÇÞõ Íõßúãö ÇáúÃóãúÑóíúäö ÚöäúÏóåõãú¡ Ïóáøó Úóáóì Ãóäøó ÇáøóÐöí ÎóÑóÌõæÇ Ýöíåö Åáóì ÇáúÈóÑóÇÁóÉö¡ æóÇááøóÚúäö¡ æóÇáúÞöÊóÇáö¡ ÑóÃóæúÇ Ãóäøó áöáøóåö ÊóÚóÇáóì Úóáóíúåö ÏóáöíáðÇ ãóäúÕõæÈðÇ¡ íõÝúÖöí Åáóì ÇáúÚóãóáö ÈöãóÏúáõæáöåö¡ æóíóÌöÈõ ÇáúãóÕöíÑõ Åáóíúåö æóÊóÑúßõ ãõÎóÇáóÝóÊöåö.(4/308)
æóÃóäøó ÇáúÈóÇÈó ÇáúÂÎóÑó ÇáøóÐöí ÓóæøóÛó ßõáøõ æóÇÍöÏò ãöäúåõãú ãõÎóÇáóÝóÉó ÕóÇÍöÈöåö Ýöíåö ãöäú ÛóíúÑö äóßöíÑò æóáóÇ ãóäúÚò. ÑóÃóæúÇ Ãóäøóåõ áóíúÓó áöáøóåö ÊóÚóÇáóì Úóáóì Íõßúãöåö Ýöíåö Ïóáöíáñ æóÇÍöÏñ íõÝúÖöí Åáóì ÇáúÚöáúãö Èöåö ÈöÚóíúäöåö¡ æóÃóäøó ßõáøó ãóÐúåóÈò ãöäúåõ Ýóáóåõ ÔóÈöíåñ æóäóÙöíÑñ ãöäú ÇáúÃõÕõæáö íõÓóæøóÛõ ÑóÏøõåõ Åáóíúåö¡ Úóáóì ÍóÓóÈö ãóÇ íóÞúÊóÖöíåö ÇÌúÊöåóÇÏõ ÇáúãõÌúÊóåöÏö¡ æóíóÛúáöÈõ Ýöí Ùóäøöåö Ãóäøóåõ ÃóÔúÈóåõ ÇáúÃõÕõæáö ÈöÇáúÍóÇÏöËóÉö. æóáóãøóÇ æóÌóÏúäóÇ ÇáÓøóáóÝó íõÌöíÒõæäó ÞóÖóÇÁó ÇáúÞõÖóÇÉö Úóáóíúåöãú - æóÅöäú ßóÇäó ÈöÎöáóÇÝö ÑóÃúíöåöãú¡ æóãóÐúåóÈöåöãú Ýöí ÃóÍúßóÇãö ÇáúÍóæóÇÏöËö - æóíõÌöíÒõæäó ÝõÊúíóÇåõãú ÝöíåóÇ Ýöí ÇáÏøöãóÇÁö æóÇáúÝõÑõæÌö æóÇáúÃóãúæóÇáö¡ ãöäú ÛóíúÑö äóßöíÑò æóáóÇ ÊóÎúØöÆóÉò. ÏóáøóäóÇ Ðóáößó Úóáóì Ãóäøóåõãú ÑóÃóæúÇ ÌóãöíÚó Ðóáößó ÕóæóÇÈðÇ ãöäú ÇáúÞóÇÆöáöíäó Èöåö¡ æóÃóäøó ÝóÑúÖó ßõáøö æóÇÍöÏò ãöäúåõãú æóãóÇ ÊóÚóÈøóÏó Èöåö ãóÇ ÃóÏøóÇåõ Åáóíúåö ÇÌúÊöåóÇÏõåõ. ÃóáóÇ ÊóÑóì: Ãóäøó ÃóÈóÇ ÈóßúÑò ÞóÏú ßóÇäó æóáøóì ÒóíúÏó Èúäó ËóÇÈöÊò ÇáúÞóÖóÇÁó æóåõæó íõÎóÇáöÝõåõ Ýöí ÇáúÌóÏøö æóÛóíúÑöåö¡ æóæóáøóì ÚõãóÑõ Èúäõ ÇáúÎóØøóÇÈö ÃõÈóíøó Èúäó ßóÚúÈò¡ æóÔõÑóíúÍðÇ ÇáúÞóÖóÇÁó¡ æóåõãóÇ íõÎóÇáöÝóÇäöåö Ýöí ßóËöíÑò ãöäú ÑóÃúíöåö æóãóÐóÇåöÈöåö. æóÃóäøó ÚóáöíøðÇ æóáøóì ÔõÑóíúÍðÇ ÞóÖóÇÁó ÇáúßõæÝóÉö¡ æóÇÈúäó ÚóÈøóÇÓò ÞóÖóÇÁó ÇáúÈóÕúÑóÉö¡ æóåõãóÇ íõÎóÇáöÝóÇäöåö Ýöí ÃóÔúíóÇÁó ßóËöíÑóÉò. ÇÈúäõ ÚóÈøóÇÓò íõÎóÇáöÝõåõ Ýöí ÇáúÌóÏøö¡ æóÔõÑóíúÍñ íõÎóÇáöÝõåõ Ýöí ÇáúÌóÏøö¡ æóßóËöíÑñ ãöäú ÇáúÃóÔúíóÇÁö íóØõæáõ ÔóÑúÍõåóÇ. æóÇÎúÊóÕóãó Úóáöíøñ Åáóì ÔõÑóíúÍò ãóÚó íóåõæÏöíøò Ýöí ÞöÕøóÉö ÇáÏøöÑúÚö¡ ÝóÞóÖóì Úóáóíúåö ÔõÑóíúÍñ áöáúíóåõæÏöíøö. ÝóÞóÈöáó ÞóÖóÇÁóåõ¡ æóÃóÌóÇÒóåõ Úóáóì äóÝúÓöåö¡ ãóÚó ÎöáóÇÝöåö ÅíøóÇåõ Ýöíåö. ÝóÃóÓúáóãó ÇáúíóåõæÏöíøõ¡ æóÞóÇáó åóÐóÇ Ïöíäñ ÍóÞøñ ÊõÌöíÒõæäó ÃóÍúßóÇãó ÞõÖóÇÊößõãú Úóáóíúßõãú. æóÞóÇáó ÚößúÑöãóÉõ: ÈóÚóËóäöí ÇÈúäõ ÚóÈøóÇÓò Åáóì ÒóíúÏö Èúäö ËóÇÈöÊò ÃóÓúÃóáõåõ Úóäú ÒóæúÌò æóÃóÈóæóíúäö. ÝóÞóÇáó: áöáÒøóæúÌö ÇáäøöÕúÝõ¡ æóáöáúÃõãøö ËõáõËõ ãóÇ ÈóÞöíó¡ æóãóÇ ÈóÞöíó ÝóáöáúÃóÈö¡ ÝóÃóÊóíúÊ ÇÈúäó ÚóÈøóÇÓò ÝóÃóÎúÈóÑúÊå. ÝóÞóÇáó (ÇÈúäõ ÚóÈøóÇÓò) : ÚõÏú Åáóíúåö ÝóÞõáú áóåõ: ÃóÊóÌöÏõ Ýöí ßöÊóÇÈö Çááøóåö ÊóÚóÇáóì ËõáõËó ãóÇ ÈóÞöíó¡(4/309)
æóãóäú ÃóÚúØóì ÇáËøõáõËó ãöäú ÌóãöíÚö ÇáúãóÇáö ÃóÎúØóÃó. ÝóÃóÊóíúÊå¡ ÝóÞóÇáó: áóãú íõÎúØöÆú¡ æóáóßöäøóåõ ÔóíúÁñ ÑóÃóíúäóÇåõ æóÔóíúÁñ ÑóÂåõ.
æóÞöíáó áöÚõãóÑó Èúäö ÇáúÎóØøóÇÈö (Ýöí ÇáúãõÔúÑößóÉö) : áöãó (áóãú) ÊõÔúÑößú ÚóÇãó Ãóæøóáó¿ æóÔóÑøóßúÊ ÇáúÚóÇãó¿ ÝóÞóÇáó: ÐóÇßó Úóáóì ãóÇ ÝóÑóÖúäóÇ æóåóÐóÇ Úóáóì ãóÇ ÝóÑóÖúäóÇ. æóÞöíáó áöÚõãóÑó Èúäö ÚóÈúÏö ÇáúÚóÒöíÒö: áóæú ÌóãóÚóÊú ÇáäøóÇÓõ Úóáóì ÔóíúÁò ãöäú ÇáúÍõßúãö. ÝóÞóÇáó: ãóÇ íóÓõÑøõäöí Ãóäøóåõãú áóãú íóÎúÊóáöÝõæÇ. æóÞóÇáó ÇáúÞóÇÓöãõ Èúäõ ãõÍóãøóÏò: áóÞóÏú äóÝóÚó Çááøóåõ ÊóÚóÇáóì ÈöÃóÕúÍóÇÈö ÑóÓõæáö Çááøóåö - Õóáøóì Çááøóåõ Úóáóíúåö æóÓóáøóãó - æóÐóáößó Ãóäøóß ÅÐóÇ ÃóÎóÐúÊ ÈöÞóæúáö åóÐóÇ ÃóÕóÈúÊ¡ æóÈöÞóæúáö åóÐóÇ ÃóÕóÈúÊ. ÝóËóÈóÊó ÈöãóÇ æóÕóÝúäóÇ ÇÊøöÝóÇÞõ ÇáÓøóáóÝö Úóáóì ÊóÕúæöíÈö ÇáúãõÎúÊóáöÝöíäó Ýöí åóÐóÇ ÇáÖøóÑúÈö ãöäú ÃóÍúßóÇãö ÇáúÍóæóÇÏöËö
ÝóÅöäú ÞóÇáó ÞóÇÆöáñ: ãóÇ ÃóäúßóÑúÊ Ãóäú íóßõæäó ÇáúãõÕöíÈõ æóÇÍöÏðÇ ãöäúåõãú¡ æóÇáúÈóÇÞõæäó ãõÎúØöÆõæäó¡ æóÅöäøóãóÇ ÊóÑóßó ÈóÚúÖõåõãú ÇáäøóßöíÑó Úóáóì ÈóÚúÖò áöÃóäøóåõãú ßóÇäõæÇ ãóÚúÐõæÑöíäó Ýöí ÎóØóÆöåöãú¡ æóßóÇäó ÎóØóÄõåõãú ãóæúÖõæÚðÇ ßóÇáÕøóÛöíÑö ãöäú ÇáÐøõäõæÈö. Þöíáó áóåõ: ÃóÞóáøõ ãóÇ Ýöí åóÐóÇ ÇáúÈóÇÈö Ãóäøóåõ ßóáóÇãñ ãõÊóäóÇÞöÖñ¡ áöÃóäøó ÕóÇÍöÈó ÇáÕøóÛöíÑóÉö ÛóíúÑõ ãóÚúÐõæÑò Ýöí ãõæóÇÞóÚóÊöåóÇ¡ æóáóÇ ãóÃúÌõæÑò Ýöí ÝöÚúáöåóÇ¡ Èóáú åõæó ÚóÇÕò¡ ÊóÇÑößñ áöÃóãúÑö Çááøóåö ÊóÚóÇáóì¡ æóÅöäú ßóÇäó Çááøóåõ ÊóÚóÇáóì ÞóÏú æóÚóÏóåõ ÛõÝúÑóÇäóåóÇ ÈöÇÌúÊöäóÇÈöåö ÇáúßóÈóÇÆöÑó¡ æóáóãú íóÞúØóÚú æöáóÇíóÊóåõ ÈöåóÇ.(4/310)
æóÃóäúÊó ÊóÒúÚõãõ Ãóäøó ÇáúãõÌúÊóåöÏó ãóÃúÌõæÑñ Ýöí ÇÌúÊöåóÇÏöåö¡ æóãóÚúÐõæÑñ Ýöí ÎóØóÆöåö¡ ÝóßóíúÝó íóÌõæÒõ Ãóäú íóßõæäó ãóÃúÌõæÑðÇ Ýöí ÇÌúÊöåóÇÏöåö ÇáúãõÄóÏøöí Åáóì ÎöáóÇÝö Íõßúãö Çááøóåö ÊóÚóÇáóì¡ æóßóíúÝó íóßõæäõ ãóÚúÐõæÑðÇ Ýöí ãõÎóÇáóÝóÉö Íõßúãö Çááøóåö ÚóÒøó æóÌóáøó ÇáøóÐöí äóÕóÈó Úóáóíúåö ÇáúÃóÏöáøóÉó. æóÌóÚóáó áóåõ ÇáÓøóÈöíáó Åáóì ÅÕóÇÈóÊöåö. ÝóÅöäøó ÈöãóÇ æóÕóÝúäóÇ ÊóäóÇÞõÖó åóÐóÇ ÇáúÞóæúáö æóÝóÓóÇÏóåõ. Ëõãøó íõÞóÇáõ áóåõãú: Åäú ßóÇäó áöáøóåö ÊóÚóÇáóì Úóáóì ÃóÍúßóÇãö ÇáúÍóæóÇÏöËö ÏóáóÇÆöáõ ÞóÇÆöãóÉñ ÊõæóÕøöáõ ÇáäøóÇÙöÑó ÝöíåóÇ Åáóì ÍóÞöíÞóÉö ÇáúãóØúáõæÈö. Ýóáöãó ÚõÐöÑõæÇ Ýöí ÊóÑúßö ÅÕóÇÈóÉö ãóÏúáõæáöåóÇ¿ .
æóãóÇ ÇáúÝóÑúÞõ Èóíúäó ÍóæóÇÏöËö ÇáúÝõÊúíóÇ æóÇáúÍóæóÇÏöËö ÇáøóÊöí ÎóÑóÌõæÇ ÝöíåóÇ Åáóì ÇáúÞöÊóÇáö¡ æóÇááøóÚúäö¡ æóÇáúÈóÑóÇÁóÉö. æóÏóáóÇÆöáõ ÇáúÌóãöíÚö ÞóÇÆöãóÉñ. æóßóíúÝó ÇÎúÊóáóÝóÊú ÃóÍúßóÇãõ ÇáúãõÎúÊóáöÝöíäó ÝöíåóÇ (æó) ÃóÍúßóÇãõåõãú ÝöíãóÇ (æóÕóÝúäóÇ¡ ãöãøóÇ) (áóÇ) ÎöáóÇÝó Ýöíåö íõæÌöÈõ ÇáúÈóÑóÇÁóÉó¿ ÝóËóÈóÊó ÈöÐóáößó Ãóäøó ÃóÍúßóÇãó ÍóæóÇÏöËö ÇáúÝõÊúíóÇ ßóÇäóÊú ãóæúÞõæÝóÉð ÚöäúÏóåõãú Úóáóì ãóÇ íõÄóÏøöí Åáóíúåö ÇÌúÊöåóÇÏõ ÇáúãõÌúÊóåöÏöíäó¡ æóÃóãøóÇ ãóÇ ÕóÇÑó Åáóíúåö ßõáøõ æóÇÍöÏò ãöäúåõãú ÈöÇÌúÊöåóÇÏöåö åõæó ÇáúÍõßúãõ ÇáøóÐöí ÊóÚóÈøóÏó Èöåö Ïõæäó ÛóíúÑöåö. ÝóÅöäú ÞóÇáó ÞóÇÆöáñ: ÅäøóãóÇ ÊóÑóßó ÇáäøóßöíÑó ÈóÚúÖõåõãú Úóáóì ÈóÚúÖò Ýöí ÍóæóÇÏöËö ãóÓóÇÆöáö ÇáúÝõÊúíóÇ ãóÚó ÇáúÎöáóÇÝö. áöÃóäøóåõãú ßóÇäõæÇ ãöãøóÇ ÞóÇáõæåõ Úóáóì ÛóÇáöÈö Ùóäøò¡ æóáóãú íóßõæäõæÇ Úóáóì íóÞöíäò Ãóäøóåõ ÇáúÍóÞøõ ÚöäúÏó Çááøóåö ÊóÚóÇáóì Ïõæäó ÛóíúÑöåö¡ æóÞóÏú ßóÇäó ãõÎóÇáöÝõæåõãú íóÏøóÚõæäó ãöËúáó Ðóáößó áöÃóäúÝõÓöåöãú ÝöíãóÇ ÕóÇÑõæÇ Åáóíúåö ãöäú ÎöáóÇÝöåöãú¡ ÝóáöÐóáößó ÌóÇÒó áößõáøö ÃóÍóÏò ãöäúåõãú ÊóÑúßõ ÇáäøóßöíÑö Úóáóì ãõÎóÇáöÝöåö ÝöíãóÇ ÕóÇÑó Åáóíúåö áöÊóÓóÇæöíåöãú Ýöí ÊóÌúæöíÒöåöãú Ãóäú íóßõæäó ãõÎóÇáöÝõæåõãú ÞóÏú ÃóÕóÇÈõæÇ ÇáúÍóÞøó Ïõæäóåõãú.(4/311)
Þöíáó áóåõ: ÞóÏú ËóÈóÊó ÈöãóÇ ÐóßóÑúÊ Ãóäøóåõ áóíúÓó áöáøóåö ÊóÚóÇáóì Ïóáöíáñ ãóäúÕõæÈñ Úóáóì Íõßúãò ÈöÚóíúäöåö ãöäú Êöáúßó ÇáúÃóÍúßóÇãö¡ ÅÐú áóæú ßóÇäó ßóÐóáößó áóãóÇ ßóÇäó ÇáúãõÓúÊóÏöáøõ Èöåö ãõÊóÙóäøöäðÇ ÛóíúÑó ÚóÇáöãò ÈöÅöÕóÇÈóÉö ÇáúÍóÞøö ÚöäúÏó Çááøóåö ÊóÚóÇáóì. ÝóËóÈóÊó Ãóäøó Ïóáöíáó ÃóÍúßóÇãö ÇáúÍóæóÇÏöËö ãõÎúÊóáöÝóÉñ Úóáóì ÍóÓóÈö ÔóÈóåöåóÇ ÈöÇáúÃõÕõæáö¡ æóÃóäøó Íõßúãó Çááøóåö ÊóÚóÇáóì Úóáóì ÇáúãõÌúÊóåöÏö ãóÇ ÃóÏøóÇåõ Åáóíúåö ÇÌúÊöåóÇÏõåõ¡ áóíúÓó Úóáóíúåö Íõßúãõ ÛóíúÑöåö¡ æóÃóäøóåõ áóãú íõßóáøóÝú ÅÕóÇÈóÉó ÇáúãóØúáõæÈö ÈöÚóíúäöåö¡ ÅÐú áóæú ßóÇäó ÇáúãóØúáõæÈõ åõæó Íõßúãó Çááøóåö Úóáóíúåö ÈöÚóíúäöåö¡ æóåõæó ãõßóáøóÝñ áöÅöÕóÇÈóÊöåö áóãóÇ ÃóÎúáóÇåõ Çááøóåõ ÊóÚóÇáóì ãöäú ÏóáóÇáóÉò áóåõ íóäúÕöÈõåóÇ Úóáóíúåö¡ æóáóæú äóÕóÈó Úóáóíúåö ÏóáöíáðÇ áóÃóÝúÖóì ÈöÇáäøóÇÙöÑö Åáóì ÇáúÚöáúãö ÈöãóÏúáõæáöåö¡ æóáóßóÇäó íóßõæäõ ãõÎúØöÆõåõ ÍöíäóÆöÐò ÈöãóäúÒöáóÉö ÇáúãõÎúØöÆö áöÓóÇÆöÑö ãóÇ ßóáøóÝóåõ Çááøóåõ ÊóÚóÇáóì ÅÕóÇÈóÊóåõ Úóáóì ÇáäøóÍúæö ÇáøóÐöí ÐóßóÑúäóÇ. æóÃóíúÖðÇ: Ýóáóæú ßóÇäó åõäóÇßó Ïóáöíáñ ãóäúÕõæÈñ Úóáóì ÃóÍúßóÇãö ÇáúÍóæóÇÏöËö ÇáøóÊöí æóÕóÝúäóÇ ÍóÇáóåóÇ¡ áóãóÇ ÎóáóÊú ÇáÕøóÍóÇÈóÉõ ãöäú ÇáúæõÞõæÝö Úóáóíúåö æóÇáúãóÕöíÑö Åáóì Íõßúãöåö¡ æóÅöäú áóãú ÊõÕöÈúåõ ÇáúÌóãóÇÚóÉõ ÃóÕóÇÈóåõ ÇáúÈóÚúÖõ ãöäúåóÇ æóÏóÚóÇ ÇáúÈóÇÞöíäó Åáóíúåö¡ ÝóíóÊóæóÇÝóæúäó Úóáóì ÇáúÞóæúáö (Èöåö) áöæõÞõæÚö ÇáúÚöáúãö áóåõãú ÈöãóÏúáõæáöåö.
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æóáóæú ÌóÇÒó åóÐóÇ ÝöíãóÇ ÐóßóÑúÊ áóÌóÇÒó Ýöí ÓóÇÆöÑö ãóÇ ÃóÞóÇãó Çááøóåõ ÊóÚóÇáóì ÇáÏøóáóÇÆöáó Úóáóíúåö. ÝóáóãøóÇ ßóÇäó ÇáúãõÌúÊóåöÏõ ÝöíãóÇ æóÕóÝúäóÇ ÚöäúÏóäóÇ ÌóãöíÚðÇ æóÚöäúÏó ÇáÓøóáóÝö ÛóíúÑó ãõÚóäøóÝò Ýöí ÎöáóÇÝöåö ÝöíãóÇ ÎóÇáóÝó Ýöíåö¡ ÚóáöãúäóÇ Ãóäøóåõ áóãú íóäúÕöÈú áóåõ ÏóáóÇáóÉð Úóáóì ÇáúãóØúáõæÈö ÈöÚóíúäöåö¡ æóáóãú íõßóáøóÝú ÅÕóÇÈóÊóåõ. æóíõÞóÇáõ áöãóäú ÃóÈóì ãóÇ ÞõáúäóÇ: ÃóÎúÈóÑúäóÇ Úóäú ÇáúãõÌúÊóåöÏöíäó ÅÐóÇ ÇÎúÊóáóÝõæÇ¡ ÃóÊõÌöíÒõ áößõáøö æóÇÍöÏò ãöäúåõãú ÅÈúÑóÇãó ÇáúÍõßúãö ÈöãóÇ ÃóÏøóÇåõ Åáóíúåö ÇÌúÊöåóÇÏõåõ¿ ÝóÅöäú ÞóÇáó: ÍóÊøóì íóÚúáóãó ÍóÞöíÞóÉó Íõßúãö Çááøóåö ÊóÚóÇáóì. Þöíáó áóåõ: ÝóÇáúãõÎúÊóáöÝõæäó ãöäú ÇáÕøóÍóÇÈóÉö ßóÇäó ÇáúãõÕöíÈõ æóÇÍöÏðÇ ãöäúåõãú ÚöäúÏóß. ÃóÝóÊóÞõæáõ: Åäøó ÇáúÈóÇÞöíäó ÃóÞúÏóãõæÇ Úóáóì ãóÇ áóãú íóßõäú ÌóÇÆöÒðÇ áóåõãú ÇáúÅöÞúÏóÇãõ Úóáóíúåö¡ æóÃóãúÖóæúÇ ÃóÍúßóÇãðÇ áóãú íóßõäú ÌóÇÆöÒðÇ áóåõãú ÅãúÖóÇÄõåóÇ¿ ÝóÅöäú ÞóÇáó: ßóÐóáößó ÝóÚóáõæÇ. ØóÚóäó Ýöí ÇáÓøóáóÝö¡ æóáóÍöÞó ÈöÇáäøóÙøóÇãö æóØóÈóÞóÊöåö¡ Ýöí ØóÚúäöåöãú Úóáóì ÇáÕøóÍóÇÈóÉö Ýöí ÇáØøóÚúäö ÈöÇáöÇÌúÊöåóÇÏö¡ æóÌóæøóÒó ÅÌúãóÇÚóåõãú Úóáóì ÎóØóÃò¡ áöÃóäøóåõ áóæú áóãú íóßõäú íóÌõæÒõ áóåõãú ÅãúÖóÇÁõ ãóÇ ÃóÏøóÇåõãú Åáóíúåö ÇÌúÊöåóÇÏõåõãú¡ áóãóÇ ÃóÌúãóÚõæÇ Úóáóì ÊóÑúßö ÇáäøóßöíÑö Úóáóì ÇáúãõÎúÊóáöÝöíäó Ýöí ÃóÍúßóÇãö ÇáúÍóæóÇÏöËö ÈöãóÇ ÃóãúÖóæúåõ ãöäú ÂÑóÇÆöåöãú. æóÃóÍóÏñ ãöäú ÇáúÝõÞóåóÇÁö áóÇ íõÌöíÒõ Ðóáößó Úóáóì ÇáÕøóÍóÇÈóÉö æóáóÇ Úóáóì ÃóÍóÏò ãöäú Ãóåúáö ÓóÇÆöÑö ÇáúÃóÚúÕóÇÑö ãöäú ÇáúãõÌúÊóåöÏöíäó.
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æóÅöäú ÃóÕóÇÈó Èöåö ÇáúßóÇÝöÑó. æóáóíúÓó íóãúÊóäöÚõ Ãóäú íóßõæäó ÞóÊúáõ ÇáúßóÇÝöÑö ãóÚúÕöíóÉð Ýöí ÃóÍúæóÇáò¡ áöÃóäøóåõ áóæú ÞóÊóáó ÐöãøöíøðÇ Ãóæú ÍóÑúÈöíøðÇ ãõÓúÊóÃúãóäðÇ ßóÇäó ÚóÇÕöíðÇ áöáøóåö ÊóÚóÇáóì ÈöÞóÊúáöåö¡ ÝóÅöÐóÇ ßóÇäó ÞóÊúáõ ÇáúãõÓúáöãö ÞóÏú íóßõæäõ ØóÇÚóÉð. æóÞóÊúáõ ÇáúßóÇÝöÑö ÞóÏú íóßõæäõ ãóÚúÕöíóÉð¡ ÒóÇáó ÇáöÇÚúÊöÑóÇÖõ ÚóáóíúäóÇ Ýöí ãóÓúÃóáóÊöäóÇ¡ ÈöãóÇ ÍóÇæóáó Èöåö ÇáÓøóÇÆöáõ ÇáÊøóÔúäöíÚó ÈöÊóÌúæöíÒöäóÇ ßóæúäó ÞóÊúáö ÇáúãõÓúáöãö ØóÇÚóÉð¡ æóÚóáóì Ãóäøó ÇáúßóáóÇãó Ýöí ÅØúáóÇÞö ÇáúÚöÈóÇÑóÉö ÈöÃóäøóåõ ãóÃúãõæÑñ ÈöÞóÊúáö ÇáúßóÇÝöÑö¡ Ãóæú ÇáöÇãúÊöäóÇÚö ãöäúåõ áóíúÓó åõæó ßóáóÇãðÇ Ýöí ÇáúãóÚúäóì¡ æóÅöäøóãóÇ åõæó ßóáóÇãñ Ýöí ÇááøóÝúÙö¡ æóÝöí ÇáöÇÔúÊöÛóÇáö Èöåö ÎõÑõæÌñ Úóäú ÇáúãóÓúÃóáóÉö¡ ÝóÃóãøóÇ ÇáúãóÚúäóì Ýóåõæó ÕóÍöíÍñ¡ ãõÓúÊóãöÑøñ Úóáóì ÇáúÃóÕúáö ÇáøóÐöí ÈóäóíúäóÇ Úóáóíúåö ÇáúÞóæúáó Ýöí ÇáúãõÓúáöãö.(4/315)
ÝóÅöäú ÞóÇáó ÇáúÞóÇÆöáõ: ãóÇ ÃóäúßóÑúÊ Ãóäú íóßõæäó ÇáúÍõßúãõ ÇáøóÐöí ØóÑöíÞõåõ ÇáöÇÌúÊöåóÇÏõ åõæó Íõßúãñ æóÇÍöÏñ¡ æóåõæó ÇáúÃóÔúÈóåõ ÚöäúÏó Çááøóåö ÊóÚóÇáóì¡ æóÞóÏú íõãúßöäõ ÇáúæõÕõæáõ Åáóíúåö ÚöäúÏó ÇÓúÊöÞúÕóÇÁö ÇáäøóÙóÑö æóÇáúãõÈóÇáóÛóÉö Ýöí ÇáöÇÌúÊöåóÇÏö¡ æóáóßöäøóåõ áóãøóÇ ÛóãõÖóÊú ÏóáóÇáóÊõåõ ÚóÝóÇ Çááøóåõ ÊóÚóÇáóì Úóäú ÇáúãõÎúØöÆö áóåõ. æóáöÐóáößó äóÙóÇÆöÑõ ãóæúÌõæÏóÉñ Ýöí ÇáúÃõÕõæáö: ãöäúåóÇ Ãóäøó ÇáúÞóÇÆöãó Ýöí ÕóáóÇÊöåö ÞóÏú íóäúÓóì¡ ÝóíóÊúÑõßõ ÇáúÞöÑóÇÁóÉó¡ æóÞóÏú íóÓúÌõÏõ ÞóÈúáó ÇáÑøõßõæÚö¡ æóíõÓóáøöãõ Ýöí ÛóíúÑö ãóæúÖöÚö ÇáÊøóÓúáöíãö¡ æóÞóÏú ßóÇäó íõãúßöäõåõ ÇáÊøóÍóÝøõÙõ æóÌóãúÚõ ÇáúÈóÇáö æóÊóÑúßõ ÇáúÝößúÑö Ýöí ÛóíúÑö ÇáÕøóáóÇÉö¡ ÝóíóÓúáóãõ ãöäú Çáúæóåúãö æóÇáúÎóØóÃö.
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ÝóÅöäú ÞóÇáó: äóÚóãú. Þöíáó: ÝóÞóÏú ÌõÚöáó áóåõ ÈóÚúÏó ÇÌúÊöåóÇÏöåö ÇáúÃóæøóáö ãõåúáóÉð Ýöí ÇÓúÊöÆúäóÇÝö ÇáäøóÙóÑö æóÇáöÇÌúÊöåóÇÏö ãóÑøóÉð ÈóÚúÏó ÃõÎúÑóì¡ æóËóÇäöíóÉð ÈóÚúÏó Ãõæáóì¡ ÝóÅöÐóÇ ÌóÚóáó Ðóáößó áóãú ÊóÌöÏú äóÝúÓóåõ Ýöí ÇáúÃóÍúæóÇáö ßõáøöåóÇ ÅáøóÇ ÈöãóäúÒöáóÉò æóÇÍöÏóÉò Ýöí ÈóÇÈö ÚóÏóãö ÇáúÚöáúãö ÈöÇáúÍóÞøö ÚöäúÏó Çááøóåö ÊóÚóÇáóì¡ æóæõÌõæÈö ÇáöÇãúÊöäóÇÚö ãöäú ÇáúÞóØúÚö ÈöÃóäøó ãóÇ ÃóÏøóÇåõ Åáóíúåö ÇÌúÊöåóÇÏõåõ åõæó ÇáúãóØúáõæÈõ ÇáøóÐöí ÃóãóÑóåõ Çááøóåõ ÊóÚóÇáóì ÈöÅöÕóÇÈóÊöåö ÚöäúÏóß. ÝóßóíúÝó áóãú íóÕöáú Åáóíúåö ÈóÚúÏó ÇáúãõÈóÇáóÛóÉö æóÇáöÇÌúÊöåóÇÏö æóÇÓúÊöÞúÕóÇÁö ÇáäøóÙóÑö Ýöí ØóáóÈö ÇáúÍõßúãö¿ ßóíúÝó (áóãú) íóÚúáóãú ÈóÚúÏó åóÐöåö ÇáúÍóÇáö Ãóäøóåõ ãõÕöíÈñ áöÍõßúãö Çááøóåö ÊóÚóÇáóì ÚöäúÏóß¿ ßóãóÇ ÊóÑóì ÇáúÅöäúÓóÇäó ÅÐóÇ ÊóÍóÝøóÙó æóÌóãóÚó ÈóÇáóåõ æóÝößúÑóåõ Ýöí ÇáúÅöÞúÈóÇáö Úóáóì ÕóáóÇÊöåö¡ áóÇ íõÎúØöÆõ æóáóÇ íóÓúåõæ.
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æóãóÚúáõæãñ Ãóäøóåõ ÛóíúÑõ ÌóÇÆöÒò ãöäúåõãú ÊóÑúßõ ÇáúÃóãúÑö ÈöÇáúãóÚúÑõæÝö æóÇáäøóåúíö Úóäú ÇáúãõäúßóÑö¡ ÝóßóíúÝó ÇÊøóÝóÞõæÇ Úóáóì ÅÌóÇÒóÉö ÃóÍúßóÇãö ãóäú ÎóÇáóÝóåõãú Ýöí ÇáúÍóæóÇÏöËö Úóáóì ÃóäúÝõÓöåöãú æóÚóáóì ÛóíúÑöåöãú¡ æóÓóæøóÛõæÇ áóåõãú ÇáúÝõÊúíóÇ ÈöåóÇ¡ æóÅöáúÒóÇãó ÇáäøóÇÓö ÅíøóÇåóÇ¡ æóÃóÍúÓóÈõåõãú ÌóÚóáõæåõãú ãóÚúÐõæÑöíäó Ýöí ÇÌúÊöåóÇÏöåöãú¡ ÝóßóíúÝó ÃóÌóÇÒõæÇ áóåõãú ÅãúÖóÇÁó Êöáúßó ÇáúÃóÍúßóÇãö Úóáóì ÇáúãõÓúáöãöíäó Ýöí ÏöãóÇÆöåöãú æóÝõÑõæÌöåöãú æóÃóãúæóÇáöåöãú æóÃóäúÓóÇÈöåöãú¿ æóãóäú ÇáøóÐöí ÃóæúÌóÈó Úóáóì ÇáúÚóÇáöãö ÅÌóÇÒóÉó ÎóØóÃö ÇáúÌóÇåöáö Úóáóì äóÝúÓöåö¿ æóßóÇäó áóÇ ÃóÞóáøõ ãöäú Ãóäú íóäúåóæúåõãú Ýöí Ãóäú íóÊóÚóÏøóæúÇ ÃóÍúßóÇãóåõãú¡ ÅÐú ßóÇäó ÚöäúÏóåõãú ÃóäøóåóÇ ÎóØóÃñ¡ ÎöáóÇÝõ Íõßúãö Çááøóåö ÊóÚóÇáóì¡ æóÃóäú áóÇ íõáúÒöãõæåóÇ ÃóäúÝõÓóåõãú¡ æóÃóäú áóÇ íõáúÒöãõæÇ ÇáäøóÇÓó ÞóÈõæáóåóÇ æóÅöäúÝóÇÐóåóÇ Úóáóì ÃóäúÝõÓöåöãú. ÝóÅöäú äóåóæúåõãú Ýóáóãú íóäúÊóåõæÇ¡ æóÃóæúÞóÝõæåõãú Úóáóì ãóæúÖöÚö ÅÛúÝóÇáöåöãú Ýóáóãú íóäúÊóÈöåõæÇ¡ æóÚóÑøóÝõæåõãú ãóæúÖöÚó ÇáÏøóáöíáö Ýóáóãú íóÞúÈóáõæÇ¡ æóÃóÞóÇãõæÇ Úóáóíúåöãú ÇáúÍõÌøóÉó ÝóÃóÕóÑøõæÇ Úóáóì ÇáúÎóØóÃö¡ ßóÇäó áóÇ ÃóÞóáøó Ãóäú íóßõæäó ÓóÈöíáõåõãú ÓóÈöíáõ ÇáúÎóæóÇÑöÌö¡ æóãóäú ÚóÏóáó Úóäú ÇáúÍõßúãö ÇáøóÐöí ÞóÇãóÊú ÇáÏøóáóÇáóÉõ Úóáóíúåö ÚöäúÏóåõãú¡ Ãóäøóåõ Íõßúãõ Çááøóåö ÊóÚóÇáóì¡ æóíóãúäóÚõæäó ÞóÈõæáó ÝõÊúíóÇåõ æóÃóÍúßóÇãóåõ ÇáøóÊöí åöíó ÎóØóÃñ ÚöäúÏóåõãú.
ÃóáóÇ ÊóÑóì: Ãóäøóåõãú Íöíäó ÑóÃóæúÇ ÚóÈúÏó Çááøóåö Èúäó ÚóÈøóÇÓò íõÌöíÒõ ÇáÕøóÑúÝó æóíõÈöíÍõ ÇáúãõÊúÚóÉó ÃóäúßóÑõæåõ æóÃóÎúÈóÑõæåõ ÈöÍõßúãö ÇáäøóÈöíøö - Õóáøóì Çááøóåõ Úóáóíúåö æóÓóáøóãó - ÝöíåöãóÇ ÈöÇáÊøóÍúÑöíãö¿ ÝóáóãøóÇ ÊóæóÇÊóÑó ÚöäúÏóåõ ÇáúÎóÈóÑõ ãöäú äóÇÍöíóÊöåöãú ÈöÐóáößó ÇäúÊóåóì Úóäú Þóæúáöåö ÝöíåöãóÇ¡ æóÑóÌóÚó Úóäúåõ. ÃóáóÇ ÊóÑóì: Ãóäøó Þóæúáóåõ áóãøóÇ áóãú íóßõäú ÚöäúÏóåõãú ÕóæóÇÈðÇ ÃóäúßóÑõæåõ¡ æóáóãú íóÚúÐõÑõæåõ¿ æóáóæú ßóÇäó ÓóÈöíáõ ÇáúãõÌúÊóåöÏö ÚöäúÏóåõãú ÅÐóÇ ÎóÇáóÝóåõãú ßóÓóÈöíáö ÇáäøóÇÓöí áöÑõßõæÚöåö æóÓõÌõæÏöåö¡ áóãøóÇ ÊóÑóßõæÇ ãõæóÇÝóÞóÊóåõ¡ ßóãóÇ áóÇ íóÊúÑõßõ ÇáúãóÃúãõæãõ ãõæóÇÝóÞóÉó ÇáúÅöãóÇãö ÅÐóÇ äóÓöíó ÑõßõæÚðÇ Ãóæú ÓõÌõæÏðÇ. ÝóÅöäú ÞóÇáó ÞóÇÆöáñ: ÅÐóÇ ÃóÚúØóíúÊõãõæäóÇ Ãóäøó ÇáúÃóÔúÈóåó áóåõ ÍóÞöíÞóÉñ ãóÚúáõæãóÉñ ÚöäúÏó Çááøóåö ÊóÚóÇáóì¡ æóåõæó ÇáúãóØúáõæÈõ(4/318)
ÇáøóÐöí íóÊóÍóÑøóì ÇáúãõÌúÊóåöÏõ ãõæóÇÝóÞóÊóåõ ÈöÇÌúÊöåóÇÏöåö¡ ÝóæóÇÌöÈñ Ãóäú íóßõæäó ãõÎúØöÆõåõ ãõÎúØöÆðÇ áöÍõßúãö Çááøóåö ÊóÚóÇáóì Úóáóíúåö. Þöíáó áóåõ: äóÍúäõ æóÅöäú ÞõáúäóÇ: Åäøó åõäóÇßó ÃóÔúÈóåó åõæó ÇáúãóØúáõæÈõ¡ ÝóáóíúÓó ÅÕóÇÈóÉõ ÇáúÃóÔúÈóåö åöíó ÇáúÍõßúãõ ÇáøóÐöí ÊóÚóÈøóÏúäóÇ Èöåö¡ ÅÐóÇ áóãú íõÄóÏøöäóÇ ÇáöÇÌúÊöåóÇÏõ Åáóíúåö¡ æóÅöäøóãóÇ ÇáúÍõßúãõ ÇáøóÐöí ÊóÚóÈøóÏúäóÇ Èöåö åõæó ãóÇ ÃóÏøóÇäóÇ (ÇáöÇÌúÊöåóÇÏõ Åáóíúåö) ¡ æóÛóáóÈó Ýöí ÙóäøöäóÇ Ãóäøóåõ åõæó ÇáúÃóÔúÈóåõ¡ æóáóãú äõßóáøóÝú ÅÕóÇÈóÉó ÇáúãóØúáõæÈö. æóåóÐóÇ ßóãóÇ äóÞõæáõ Ýöí ÇáúãõÊóÍóÑøöí áöáúßóÚúÈóÉö: Åäøóåõ áóãú íõßóáøóÝú ãõÍóÇÐóÇÊóåóÇ ÈöÇÌúÊöåóÇÏöåö¡ æóáóãú íõÄúãóÑú ÈöåóÇ¡ áöÃóäøóåõ íõÌúÚóáõ áóåõ ÇáÓøóÈöíáõ ÅáóíúåóÇ¡ æóÅöäøóãóÇ ÇáúÍõßúãõ ÇáúãóÃúãõæÑõ Èöåö åõæó ãóÇ ÃóÏøóÇåõ Åáóíúåö ÊóÍóÑøöíå æóÇÌúÊöåóÇÏõåõ. æóßóãóÇ íõÓóÏøöÏõ ÇáÑøóÌõáóÇäö ÓöåóÇãóåõãóÇ äóÍúæó ßóÇÝöÑò ÝóíõÕöíÈõ ÃóÍóÏõåõãóÇ æóíõÎúØöÆõåõ ÇáúÂÎóÑõ¡ æóßöáóÇåõãóÇ ãõÕöíÈñ áöãóÇ ßõáøöÝó¡ æóÇáúÍõßúãõ ÇáøóÐöí ÊóÚóÈøóÏó Èöåö¡ áöÃóäøóåõãóÇ áóãú íõßóáøóÝóÇ ÇáúÅöÕóÇÈóÉó¡ ÅÐú áóãú íõÌúÚóáú áóåõãóÇ ÓóÈöíáñ ÅáóíúåóÇ æóßóãóÇ Ãóäøó ÑóÌõáðÇ áóæú ÃóÈóÞó áóåõ ÚóÈúÏñ ÝóÃóÑúÓóáó ÚóÈöíÏðÇ áóåõ Ýöí ØóáóÈöåö ßóÇäó ãóÚúáõæãðÇ ÅÐóÇ ßóÇäó ÇáúãõÑúÓöáõ ÍóßöíãðÇ¡ Ãóäøóåõ áóãú íõßóáøöÝúåõãú ÅÕóÇÈóÊóåõ¡ æóÅöäøóãóÇ ÃóáúÒóãó ßõáøó æóÇÍöÏò ãöäúåõãú ÇáöÇÌúÊöåóÇÏó Ýöí ÇáØøóáóÈö. æóãóÚúáõæãñ Ãóäøó ÇáúãóØúáõæÈó Úóíúäñ æóÇÍöÏóÉñ¡ ßóÐóáößó ÇáúÃóÔúÈóåõ áóåõ ÍóÞöíÞóÉñ ãóÚúáõæãóÉñ ÚöäúÏó Çááøóåö ÊóÚóÇáóì¡ æóáóãú íõßóáøóÝú ÇáúãõÌúÊóåöÏõ ÅÕóÇÈóÊóåóÇ¡ æóÅöäøóãóÇ ßõáøöÝó ÇáöÇÌúÊöåóÇÏõ Ýöí ØóáóÈöåóÇ ÈöãóÇ ÇÓúÊóÞóÑøó Úóáóíúåö ÑóÃúíõåõ¡ Ýóåõæó ÇáúÍõßúãõ ÇáøóÐöí ßõáøöÝóåõ áóÇ ÛóíúÑõåõ.
æóáöÐóáößó äóÙóÇÆöÑõ ßóËöíÑóÉñ ãöäú ÃóÝúÚóÇáö ÇáäøóÈöíøö - Õóáøóì Çááøóåõ Úóáóíúåö æóÓóáøóãó - æóÃõÕõæáö ÇáÔøóÑúÚö. ãöäúåóÇ: Ãóäøó ãóäú ÃóÙúåóÑó áóäóÇ ÇáúÅöÓúáóÇãó æóÇáúÅöÞúÑóÇÑó ÈöÔóÑóÇÆöÚöåö¡ æóÇáúÊöÒóÇãó ÃóÍúßóÇãóåõ ßóÇäó ÚóáóíúäóÇ ãõæóÇáóÇÊõåõ Ýöí ÇáÏøöíäö¡ æóÅöÌúÑóÇÄõåõ Úóáóì ÃóÍúßóÇãö ÇáúãõÓúáöãö. æóÅöäú ßóÇäó ÌóÇÆöÒðÇ ÚöäúÏó Çááøóåö ÊóÚóÇáóì Ýöí ÇáúãõÛóíøóÈö Ãóäú íóßõæäó ãõáúÍöÏðÇ ãõÚóØøóáðÇ¡ æóáóãú äõßóáøóÝú Úöáúãó(4/319)
ÇáúãõÛóíøóÈö. æóÞóÏú ÃóÎúÈóÑó Çááøóåõ ÊóÚóÇáóì ãöËúáó Ðóáößó Úóäú Þóæúãò ãöäú ÇáúãõäóÇÝöÞöíäó áóãú íõÚóÑøöÝúåõãú áöáäøóÈöíøö - Õóáøóì Çááøóåõ Úóáóíúåö æóÓóáøóãó - Ýöí Þóæúáå ÊóÚóÇáóì: {æóãöäú Ãóåúáö ÇáúãóÏöíäóÉö ãóÑóÏõæÇ Úóáóì ÇáäøöÝóÇÞö áóÇ ÊóÚúáóãõåõãú äóÍúäõ äóÚúáóãõåõãú} [ÇáÊæÈÉ: 101] ÝóßóÇäó ÇáäøóÈöíøõ - Õóáøóì Çááøóåõ Úóáóíúåö æóÓóáøóãó - íõÌúÑöíåöãú ãóÌúÑóì ÇáúãõÓúáöãöíäó Ýöí ÓóÇÆöÑö ÃóÍúßóÇãöåöãú¡ ãóÚó (Úöáúãö) Çááøóåö ÊóÚóÇáóì ÈöÃóäøóåõãú ßõÝøóÇÑñ ãõäóÇÝöÞõæäó¡ æóáóãú íóßõäú ÇáäøóÈöíøõ - Õóáøóì Çááøóåõ Úóáóíúåö æóÓóáøóãó - ÈöÐóáößó ãõÍöíØðÇ ÈöÍõßúãö Çááøóåö ÊóÚóÇáóì¡ áöÃóäøó Íõßúãó Çááøóåö ÊóÚóÇáóì Úóáóíúåö ßóÇäó ÇáÙøóÇåöÑõ Ïõæäó ÇáúÈóÇØöäö¡ æóÇáúÍóÞöíÞóÉõ (ÇáøóÊöí) åöíó ãóÚúáõæãóÉñ ÚöäúÏó Çááøóåö ÊóÚóÇáóì¡ æóßóÐóáößó åóÐóÇ ÝöíãóÇ ÃóãóÑó Çááøóåõ ÊóÚóÇáóì Èöåö ãöäú ÇÓúÊöÔúåóÇÏö ÇáúÚõÏõæáö (Ýöí ÇáÙøóÇåöÑö¡ æóáóÇ íóßõæäõ ãóäú Íóßóãó ÈöÔóåóÇÏóÉö Þóæúãò ÙóÇåöÑõåõãú ÇáúÚóÏóÇáóÉõ ãõÎúØöÆðÇ áöÍõßúãö Çááøóåö ÊóÚóÇáóì) ¡ æóÅöäú ßóÇäõæÇ Ýöí ÇáúãóÛöíÈö ÛóíúÑó ÚõÏõæáò ÚöäúÏó Çááøóåö ÊóÚóÇáóì. æóÞóÏú ßóÇäó ÃóÊóì ÇáäøóÈöíøó - Õóáøóì Çááøóåõ Úóáóíúåö æóÓóáøóãó - Þóæúãñ ãöäú ÇáúãõÔúÑößöíäó íõÞóÇáõ áóåõãú: Èóäõæ áöÍúíóÇäó¡ æóÇáúÚóÖóáõ¡ æóÇáúÞóÇÏóÉõ¡ æóÃóÙúåóÑõæÇ áóåõ ÇáúÅöÓúáóÇãó æóÓóÃóáõæåõ Ãóäú íõæóÌøöåó áóåõãú ãóäú íõÝóÞøöåõåõãú Ýöí ÇáÏøöíäö æóíõÚóáøöãõåõãú ÇáúÞõÑúÂäó. ÝóæóÌøóåó ãóÚóåõãú ËóáóÇËóÉð ãöäú ÇáÕøóÍóÇÈóÉö: ÎõÈóíúÈõ Èúäõ ÚóÏöíøò¡ æóÚóÇÕöãõ Èúäõ ÃóÈöí ÇáúÃóÝúáóÍö¡ æóÒóíúÏõ Èúäõ ÇáÏøóËöäóÉö. ÝóÛóÏóÑõæÇ Èöåöãú¡ æóÞóÊóáõæÇ ÚóÇÕöãðÇ¡ æóÒóíúÏó Èúäó ÇáÏøóËöäóÉö ÑóÍöãóåõãóÇ Çááøóåõ¡ æóÃóÎóÐõæÇ ÎõÈóíúÈðÇ¡ æóÈóÇÚõæåõ(4/320)
ãöäú Ãóåúáö ãóßøóÉó¡ æóßóÇäó åóÄõáóÇÁö ÇáúÞóæúãö ÏóÓöíÓðÇ ãöäú ÞóÈöíáö ÞõÑóíúÔò¡ ÖóãöäõæÇ áóåõãú Úóáóì Ðóáößó ãóÇáðÇ¡ ÝóÏóÚóÇ ÇáäøóÈöíøõ - Õóáøóì Çááøóåõ Úóáóíúåö æóÓóáøóãó - Ýöí ÞõäõæÊöåö Íöíäó ÈóáóÛóåõ ÎóÈóÑõåõãú.
æóãóÚúáõæãñ Ãóäøó ÇáäøóÈöíøó - Õóáøóì Çááøóåõ Úóáóíúåö æóÓóáøóãó - ÅäøóãóÇ ÝóÚóáó Ðóáößó Úóáóì ãóÇ ÇÞúÊóÖóÇåõ ÙóÇåöÑõ ÍóÇáöåöãú¡ æóáóãú íóÚúáóãú ÇáúÛóíúÈó Ýöí ÖóãöíÑöåöãú¡ æóãóÇ ÚóÒóãõæÇ Úóáóíúåö ãöäú ÇáúÚõÐúÑö¡ Ýóáóãú íóßõäú ÇáäøóÈöíøõ - Õóáøóì Çááøóåõ Úóáóíúåö æóÓóáøóãó - ãõÎúØöÆðÇ áöÍõßúãö Çááøóåö ÊóÚóÇáóì ÅÐú áóãú íóßõäú ãõßóáøóÝðÇ ÈöÛóíúÑö ÇáÙøóÇåöÑö ãöäú ÃóãúÑöåöãú¡ æóáóãú íõÌúÚóáú áóåõ ÓóÈöíáñ Åáóì ÇáúÚöáúãö ÈöÍóÞöíÞóÉö ÍóÇáöåöãú. æóßóÐóáößó ÞöÕøóÉõ Ãóåúáö ÈöÆúÑö ãóÚõæäóÉó¡ æóÞöÕøóÉõ ÇáúÚõÑóäöíøöíäó Íöíäó ÇÓúÊóÇÞõæÇ ÇáúÅöÈöáó æóÇÑúÊóÏøõæÇ. æóäóÍúæõ Ðóáößó ãöãøóÇ ßóÇäó ÇáäøóÈöíøõ - Õóáøóì Çááøóåõ Úóáóíúåö æóÓóáøóãó - ãõßóáøóÝðÇ Ýöíåö áöáúÍõßúãö ÇáÙøóÇåöÑö¡ Ïõæäó ÇáúÍóÞöíÞóÉö¡ Ëõãøó áóãú íóßõäú ãõÎúØöÆðÇ ÚöäúÏó æõÞõæÚö ÇáúÃóãúÑö Úóáóì ÎöáóÇÝö ÊóÞúÏöíÑöåö. ÝóÅöäú Þöíáó: ÅäøóãóÇ ßõáøöÝó Ýöíåö ÇáÙøóÇåöÑó æóáóãú íõßóáøóÝú ÇáúãóÛöíÈó¡ áöÃóäøóåõ áóãú íõÌúÚóáú áóåõ ÓóÈöíáñ Åáóì Úöáúãö ÇáúÛóíúÈö¡ æóÇáúãõÌúÊóåöÏõ ÞóÏú ÌõÚöáó áóåõ ÓóÈöíáñ Åáóì Úöáúãö ÍóÞöíÞóÉö ÇáúãóØúáõæÈö Ýöí Íõßúãö ÇáúÍóÇÏöËóÉö. Þöíáó áóåõ: áóæú ßóÇäó ÞóÏú ÌõÚöáó áóåõ ÓóÈöíáñ Åáóì ÅÏúÑóÇßö ÍóÞöíÞóÉö ÇáúãóØúáõæÈö ÈöÅöÞóÇãóÉö ÇáÏøóáóÇáóÉö Úóáóíúåö¡ áóÚóáöãóåõ ãóäú ÇÌúÊóåóÏó æóÈóÇáóÛó Ýöí ØóáóÈöåö. æóáóæú ßóÇäó ßóÐóáößó áóßóÇäó ãõÎúØöÆõåõ ÚóÇÕöíðÇ¡ æóáóÃóäúßóÑóÊú ÇáÕøóÍóÇÈóÉõ ÈóÚúÖõåóÇ Úóáóì ÈóÚúÖò ÇáúÎöáóÇÝó ÇáúæóÇÞöÚó Èóíúäóåõãú Ýöí ÍóæóÇÏöËö ÇáúÝõÊúíóÇ¡ æóáóãóÇ ÃóÌóÇÒõæÇ ÎóØóÃó ÇáúãõÎúØöÆö Úóáóì ÓóÈöíáö ãóÇ ÈóíøóäøóÇåõ¡ Ëõãøó ÇÍúÊóÓóÈõæÇ ÇáúãõÎúØöÆó ãóÚúÐõæÑðÇ ÈöÇÌúÊöåóÇÏöåö Ýöí ÎóØóÆöåö. ÝóßóÝøó ÚõÐúÑó ãóäú ÚóÑóÝó ÎóØóÃóåõ¡ Ëõãøó ÃóÌóÇÒó Íõßúãóåõ Úóáóì ÇáäøóÇÓö¡ æóÚóáóì äóÝúÓöåö æóáóíúÓó åõæó ãóæúÖöÚõ ÇáúÚõÐúÑö ãóÚó æõÞõæÚö (ÇáúÚöáúãö) ÈöÇáúÎóØóÃö. æóãöãøóÇ íóÒöíÏõ ãóÇ ÞóÏøóãúäóÇ Ýöí Ðóáößó æõÖõæÍðÇ æóÞóÏú ÐóßóÑúäóÇ ÈóÚúÖóåõ¡ æóÅöäøóãóÇ áóãøóÇ äóÐúßõÑõ ãóÚóåõ ãöäú ÇáÒøöíóÇÏóÉö¡ Ãóäøó ÇáúãõÌúÊóåöÏó áóÇ íóÎúáõæ ãöäú Ãóäú íóßõæäó ãóÃúãõæÑðÇ ÈöÅöãúÖóÇÁö ãóÇ ÃóÏøóÇåõ Åáóíúåö ÇÌúÊöåóÇÏõåõ ÝöíãóÇ ØóÑöíÞõåõ ÇáöÇÌúÊöåóÇÏõ¡ æóÅöäú áóãú(4/321)
íóÚúáóãú Ãóäøóåõ ÞóÏú ÃóÕóÇÈó ÍóÞöíÞóÉó ÇáäøóÙöíÑö¡ Ãóãú áóÇ íóßõæäõ ãóÃúãõæÑðÇ ÈöÅöãúÖóÇÁö ãóÇ ÃóÏøóÇåõ Åáóíúåö ÇÌúÊöåóÇÏõåõ. ÅáøóÇ ÈóÚúÏó ÇáúÚöáúãö ÈöÍóÞöíÞóÉö ÇáäøóÙöíÑö (æóÇáÑøóÃúíö) æóÇóáøóÐöí åõæó ÇáúÃóÔúÈóåõ ÚöäúÏó Çááøóåö ÊóÚóÇáóì¡ ÝóÅöäú ßóÇäó ÇáúãõÌúÊóåöÏõ áóÇ íóÌõæÒõ áóåõ ÇáúÍõßúãõ ÈöãóÇ íõÄóÏøöíåö Åáóíúåö ÇÌúÊöåóÇÏõåõ ÍóÊøóì íóÚúáóãó ÍóÞöíÞóÉó ÇáäøóÙöíÑö¡ ÝóæóÇÌöÈñ Ãóäú íóßõæäó ÇáÓøóáóÝõ ÚóÇáöãöíäó ÈöÎóØóÃö ÇáúãõÎúØöÆö ãöäúåõãú¡ ÝóÅöäøóåõ ÍóÇßöãñ ÈöÎöáóÇÝö Íõßúãö Çááøóåö ÊóÚóÇáóì. æóÞóÏú ÈóíøóäøóÇ (ÝóÓóÇÏó) Ðóáößó.
æóßóÇäó íóäúÈóÛöí Ãóäú áóÇ íóäúÝõÐó Íõßúãõ ÇáúÍóÇßöãö ÈöÇÌúÊöåóÇÏöåö ÅÐóÇ ÑóÝóÚó Åáóì ÍóÇßöãò íóÑóì ÎöáóÇÝóåõ¡ æóåóÐóÇ ÝóÇÓöÏñ ÚöäúÏó ÇáúÌóãöíÚö¡ ÝóáóãøóÇ ÈóØóáó åóÐóÇ ËóÈóÊó Ãóäøóåõ ãóÃúãõæÑñ ÈöÅöãúÖóÇÁö ÇáúÍõßúãö ÈöãóÇ ÃóÏøóÇåõ Åáóíúåö ÇÌúÊöåóÇÏõåõ¡ ãóÚó ÝóÞúÏö Úöáúãöåö ÈöÅöÕóÇÈóÉö ÇáúãóØúáõæÈö. æóãóÇ ßóÇäó ãóÃúãõæÑðÇ Èöåö Ýóåõæó Íõßúãõ Çááøóåö ÊóÚóÇáóì¡ ÓóæóÇÁñ ÃóÕóÇÈó ÍóÞöíÞóÉó ÇáäøóÙöíÑö Ãóæú ÃóÎúØóÃóåóÇ¡ áöÃóäøóåõ ÛóíúÑõ ÌóÇÆöÒò Ãóäú íóÃúãõÑóåõ Çááøóåõ ÊóÚóÇáóì ÈöÇáúÎóØóÃö. ÝóËóÈóÊó ãöäú ÍóíúËõ ßóÇäó ãóÃúãõæÑðÇ ÈöÅöãúÖóÇÁö ÇáúÍõßúãö ÈöÇÌúÊöåóÇÏöåö Ãóäøóåõ ãõÕöíÈñ áöãóÇ ßõáøöÝóåõ ãöäú ÇáúÍõßúãö. æóßóãóÇ Ãóäøóåõ áóãøóÇ ßóÇäó ãóÃúãõæÑðÇ ÈöÅöãúÖóÇÁö ãóÇ ÃóÏøóÇåõ Åáóíúåö ÇÌúÊöåóÇÏõåõ ÅÐóÇ ÊóÍóÑøóì ãõÍóÇÐóÇÉó ÇáúßóÚúÈóÉö ßóÇäó ãõÕöíÈðÇ áöãóÇ ßõáøöÝó. æóßóãóÇ Ãóäøó ÇáÑøóÇãöíó áöáúßóÇÝöÑö áóãøóÇ ßóÇäó ãóÃúãõæÑðÇ ÈöÅöÑúÓóÇáö Óóåúãöåö ÈóÚúÏó ÇÌúÊöåóÇÏöåö ßóÇäó ãóÃúãõæÑðÇ áöãóÇ ßõáøöÝó æóÅöäú áóãú íõÕöÈúåõ. ÝóÅöäú ÞóÇáó ÞóÇÆöáñ: ÇáúÝóÕúáõ Èóíúäó ÇáÊøóÍóÑøöí áöáúßóÚúÈóÉö¡ æóÇáÑøóãúíö¡ æóÈóíúäó ãóÓóÇÆöáö ÇáúÍóæóÇÏöËö ãöäú æóÌúåóíúäö.
ÃóÍóÏõåõãóÇ: Ãóäøóåõ ÌóÇÆöÒñ ÊóÑúßõ ãõÍóÇÐóÇÉö ÇáúßóÚúÈóÉö ãóÚó ÇáúÚöáúãö ÈöåóÇ Ýöí ÍóÇáö ÇáúÚõÐúÑö¡ æóáóÇ íóÌõæÒõ ãöËúáõåõ Ýöí ÇáúÚöÊúÞö¡ æóÇáØøóáóÇÞö¡ æóäóÍúæõåóÇ ÊóÑúßõ ÇáúÍõßúãö ãóÚó ÇáúÚöáúãö Èöåö.(4/322)
æóÇáËøóÇäöí: Ãóäøó ÇáúãóÃúãõæÑó Èöåö áóíúÓó åõæó Úóíúäõ ÇáúßóÚúÈóÉö¡ æóáóÇ Úóíúäõ ÇáúßóÇÝöÑö ÇáúãóÑúãöíøö¡ æóÇáúãóÃúãõæÑõ Èöåö Ýöí ÇáúÍóÇÏöËóÉö åõæó ÇáúÍõßúãõ ÇáúãóØúáõæÈõ äóÝúÓõåõ. Þöíáó áóåõ: ÃóãøóÇ ãóÇ ÐóßóÑúÊ ãöäú ÌóæóÇÒö ÊóÑúßö ãõÍóÇÐóÇÉö ÇáúßóÚúÈóÉö ãóÚó ÇáúÚöáúãö ÈöåóÇ æóãóÇ ÝóÕóáúÊ Èöåö ÈóíúäóåóÇ æóÈóíúäó Íõßúãö ÇáúÍóÇÏöËóÉö¡ ÝóÅöäøóåõ ÝóÑúÞñ ãöäú æóÌúåò ÂÎóÑó ÛóíúÑõ ãóÇ ÐóßóÑúäóÇ¡ áöÃóäøó ÌóæóÇÒó ÊóÑúßö ÇáÊøóæóÌøõåö Åáóì ÇáúßóÚúÈóÉö áóãú íõæÌöÈú ÌóæóÇÒó ÊóÑúßö ÇáöÇÌúÊöåóÇÏö Ýöí ØóáóÈö ãõÍóÇÐóÇÊöåóÇ¡ ÝóåõãóÇ ãõÊóÓóÇæöíóÇäö ãöäú åóÐóÇ ÇáúæóÌúåö¡ áóÇ ÝóÑúÞó ÈóíúäóåõãóÇ Ýöíåö¡ æóÇÎúÊöáóÇÝõåõãóÇ ãöäú æóÌúåò ÂÎóÑó áóÇ íóãúäóÚõ ÇáúÌóãúÚó ÈóíúäóåõãóÇ ãöäú ÇáúæóÌúåö ÇáøóÐöí ÐóßóÑúäóÇ. æóÃóíúÖðÇ: ÝóÅöäøóåõ ßóãóÇ ÌóÇÒó ÊóÑúßõ ãõÍóÇÐóÇÉö ÇáúßóÚúÈóÉö áöáúÚõÐúÑö¡ æóßóÐóáößó ÌóÇÆöÒñ æõÑõæÏõ ÇáúÚöÈóÇÑóÉö Ýöí ÃóÍúßóÇãö ÇáúÍóæóÇÏöËö ÈöãóÇ íõæÏöí Åáóíúåö ÇÌúÊöåóÇÏõåõ ãöäú ÍóíúËõ ÌóÇÒó æõÑõæÏõ ÇáúÚöÈóÇÑóÉö Èöåö Úóáóì åóÐóÇ ÇáúæóÌúåö¡ ßóãóÇ ÌóÇÒó ÊóÑúßõ ãõÍóÇÐóÇÉö ÇáúßóÚúÈóÉö áöáúÚõÐúÑö¡ Ëõãøó áöãóÇ ÃõãöÑó ÈöÅöãúÖóÇÁö ãóÇ ÃóÏøóÇåõ Åáóíúåö ÇÌúÊöåóÇÏõåõ¡ ÚóáöãúäóÇ Ãóäøó Ðóáößó Íõßúãõåõ ÇáøóÐöí ÊóÚóÈøóÏó Èöåö¡ æóÃóãøóÇ ãóÇ ÐóßóÑóåõ ãöäú ÇáúÝóÕúáö ÈóíúäóåõãóÇ¡ ÈöÃóäøó äóÝúÓó ÇáúßóÚúÈóÉö æóÇáúãóÑúãöíøö áóíúÓó ãóÃúãõæÑðÇ¡ ÝóÓõÄóÇáñ íóÏõáøõ Úóáóì Ìóåúáö ÓóÇÆöáöåö ÈöÍóÞöíÞóÉö ãóÇ íóÊóÍóÑøóÇåõ ÇáúãõÌúÊóåöÏõ. æóÐóáößó áöÃóäøó ÇáøóÐöí íóÊóÍóÑøóÇåõ ÇáúãõÌúÊóåöÏõ ãõæóÇÝóÞóÉõ ÇáúÃóÔúÈóåö ÚöäúÏó Çááøóåö ÊóÚóÇáóì ãöäú åóÐöåö ÇáúÃõÕõæáö¡ æóÇáúÃóÔúÈóåõ ÅäøóãóÇ åõæó ÕöÝóÉñ áöáúÃóÕúáö ÇáøóÐöí íóÊóÍóÑøóì ÇáúãõÌúÊóåöÏõ (ãõæóÇÝóÞóÊóåõ¡ æóÊöáúßó ÇáÕøöÝóÉõ ÇáøóÊöí æóÕóÝóåóÇ Çááøóåõ ÊóÚóÇáóì æóÌóÚóáóåóÇ áöÐóáößó ÇáúÃóÕúáö ÇáúãõÌúÊóåóÏö) ÛóíúÑõ ãóÃúãõæÑò ÈöåóÇ¡ ßóãóÇ Ãóäøóåõ áóíúÓó ãóÃúãõæÑðÇ ÈöÇáúßóÚúÈóÉö¡ æóáóÇ ÈöÇáúßóÇÝöÑö ÇáúãóÑúãöíøö¡ æóÅöäøóãóÇ åõæó ãóÃúãõæÑñ ÈöÊóÍóÑøöí ãõÍóÇÐóÇÉö ÇáúßóÚúÈóÉö (æóãõÍóÇÐóÇÉõ ÇáúßóÚúÈóÉö) åöíó ÝöÚúáõåõ ÅÐóÇ ÝóÚóáóåóÇ¡ æóãóÃúãõæÑñ ÈöÇáÊøóÓúÏöíÏö äóÍúæó ÇáúßóÇÝöÑö¡ æóãõÍóÇÐóÇÊõåõ ÈöÑóãúíóÊöåö¡ æóÐóáößó ÝöÚúáõåõ¡ æóÅöäú áóãú íóßõäú ÇáúãóÑúãöíøõ ãöäú ÝöÚúáöåö.(4/323)
æóáóÇ ÝóÑúÞó ÈóíúäóåõãóÇ æóÈóíúäó Íõßúãö ÇáúÍóÇÏöËóÉö ãöäú åóÐóÇ ÇáúæóÌúåö. æóíóÏõáøõ Úóáóì ÕöÍøóÉö ãóÇ ÐóßóÑúäóÇ: ÇÊøöÝóÇÞõ ÇáúÌóãöíÚö Úóáóì Ãóäøó ÇáúãõÌúÊóåöÏöíäó Ýöí ÊóÏúÈöíÑö ÇáúÍõÑõæÈö æóãóßóÇÆöÏö ÇáúÚóÏõæøö¡ æóÅöäú ÇÎúÊóáóÝõæÇ Ýóåõãú ãõÕöíÈõæäó áöãóÇ ßõáøöÝõæÇ¡ æóÅöäú ßóÇäóÊú ÇáúÍóÞöíÞóÉõ ÇáøóÊöí ÚöäúÏó Çááøóåö ÊóÚóÇáóì ÝöíåóÇ æóÇÍöÏóÉñ ãöäú Êöáúßó ÇáúÂÑóÇÁö¡ æóáóãú íóßõäú ãöäú ÞöÕóÑö ÑóÃúíöåö Úóäú ÅÕóÇÈóÉö ÇáúÍóÞöíÞóÉö ÚöäúÏó Çááøóåö ÊóÚóÇáóì Ýöí Ðóáößó ÇáúÃóãúÑö ãõÎúØöÆðÇ áöÍõßúãö Çááøóåö ÊóÚóÇáóì. æóÓóÈöíáõ ÇáöÇÌúÊöåóÇÏö Ýöí ÃóÍúßóÇãö ÇáúÍóæóÇÏöËö¡ ÓóÈöíáõ ÇáöÇÌúÊöåóÇÏö Ýöí ÊóÏúÈöíÑö ÇáúÍõÑõæÈö æóãóßóÇÆöÏö ÇáúÚóÏõæøö.(4/324)
[ÝóÕúáñ Ýöí ÓõÄóÇáóÇÊö ãóäú ÞóÇáó Åäøó ÇáúÍóÞøó Ýöí æóÇÍöÏò æóÇÍúÊöÌóÇÌõåõãú áöÐóáößó]
ó ÞóÇáó ÃóÈõæ ÈóßúÑò: ÞóÏú ÇÓúÊóÏóáøó ãóäú ÞóÇáó Ðóáößó ÈöÃóÔúíóÇÁó ãöäú ÌöåóÉö ÇáÙøóÇåöÑö¡ æóÞóæúáõ ÇáÓøóáóÝö¡ æóÇáäøóÙóÑõ. ÝóãöãøóÇ ÇÓúÊóÏóáøõæÇ Èöåö ãöäú ÌöåóÉö ÇáÙøóÇåöÑö Úóáóì ÈõØúáóÇäö Þóæúáö ÇáúÞóÇÆöáöíäó ÈöÊóÕúæöíÈö ÇáúãõÌúÊóåöÏöíäó Ýöí ÃóÍúßóÇãö ÍóæóÇÏöËö ÇáúÝöÞúåö: Åäøó Çááøóåó ÊóÚóÇáóì ÞóÏú ÚóÇÈó ÇáöÇÎúÊöáóÇÝó æóÇáÊøóÝóÑøõÞó¡ æóÐóãøó ÇáúãõÎúÊóáöÝöíäó Ýöí ÇáÏøöíäö¡ æóÚóäøóÝóåõãú ÈöÞóæúáöåö ÊóÚóÇáóì: {æóáóÇ ÊóßõæäõæÇ ßóÇóáøóÐöíäó ÊóÝóÑøóÞõæÇ æóÇÎúÊóáóÝõæÇ} [Âá ÚãÑÇä: 105] æóÞóÇáó ÊóÚóÇáóì: {æóÇÚúÊóÕöãõæÇ ÈöÍóÈúáö Çááøóåö ÌóãöíÚðÇ æóáóÇ ÊóÝóÑøóÞõæÇ} [Âá ÚãÑÇä: 103] æóÞóÇáó ÚóÒøó æóÌóáøó: {Ãóäú ÃóÞöíãõæÇ ÇáÏøöíäó æóáóÇ ÊóÊóÝóÑøóÞõæÇ Ýöíåö} [ÇáÔæÑì: 13] ¡ æÞóæúáå ÊóÚóÇáóì {æóáóæú ßóÇäó ãöäú ÚöäúÏö ÛóíúÑö Çááøóåö áóæóÌóÏõæÇ Ýöíåö ÇÎúÊöáóÇÝðÇ ßóËöíÑðÇ} [ÇáäÓÇÁ: 82] æóÞóÇáó ÊóÚóÇáóì: {Åäøó ÇáÙøóäøó áóÇ íõÛúäöí ãöäú ÇáúÍóÞøö ÔóíúÆðÇ} [íæäÓ: 36] æóÞóÇáó ÊóÚóÇáóì: {Åäú íóÊøóÈöÚõæäó ÅáøóÇ ÇáÙøóäøó æóãóÇ Êóåúæóì ÇáúÃóäúÝõÓõ} [ÇáäÌã: 23] . æóÞóÇáó ÊóÚóÇáóì: {æóáóæö ÇÊøóÈóÚó ÇáúÍóÞøõ ÃóåúæóÇÁóåõãú áóÝóÓóÏóÊö ÇáÓøóãóÇæóÇÊõ æóÇáÃóÑúÖõ æóãóäú Ýöíåöäøó} [ÇáãÄãäæä: 71] . ÝóÊóÖóãøóäóÊú åóÐöåö ÇáúÂíóÇÊõ Çáäøóåúíó Úóäú ÇáöÇÎúÊöáóÇÝö æóÇáÊøóÝóÑøõÞö äóåúíðÇ ÚóÇãøðÇ Ýöí ÇáúÃõÕõæáö æóÇáúÝõÑõæÚö.
ÝóÏóáøó Ãóäøó ãóÇ ÃóÏøóì Åáóì Ðóáößó ÝóáóíúÓó åõæó ÍõßúãðÇ áöáøóåö ÊóÚóÇáóì¡ áöÃóäøóåõ ÇäúÊóÝóì ãöäú ÇáöÇÎúÊöáóÇÝö¡ æóäóÝóÇåõ Úóäú(4/325)
ÃóÍúßóÇãöåö¡ æóÃóäú íóßõæäó ãöäú ÚöäúÏöåö ÈöÞóæúáöåö ÊóÚóÇáóì: {æóáóæú ßóÇäó ãöäú ÚöäúÏö ÛóíúÑö Çááøóåö áóæóÌóÏõæÇ Ýöíåö ÇÎúÊöáóÇÝðÇ ßóËöíÑðÇ} [ÇáäÓÇÁ: 82] . æóÞóæúáõ ÇáúÞóÇÆöáöíäó ÈöÊóÕúæöíÈö ÇáúãõÌúÊóåöÏöíäó íõæÌöÈõ ÌóæóÇÒó ÇáöÇÎúÊöáóÇÝö¡ æóÍóßóãó ãóÚó Ðóáößó ÇáúÞóæúáö ÈöÈõØúáóÇäö ÇáÙøóäøö æóÇáúÍõßúãö ÈöÇáúåóæóì. æóáóíúÓó ÇáúÍõßúãõ ÈöÇáÙøóäøö æóÇÊøöÈóÇÚö Çáúåóæóì ÅáøóÇ Ãóäú íóÍúßõãó ÇáúÍóÇßöãõ ÈöãóÇ íóÛúáöÈõ Ýöí Ùóäøöåö æóíóÓúÊóæúáöí Úóáóì ÑóÃúíöåö ãöäú ÛóíúÑö ÇÊøöÈóÇÚö Ïóáöíáò íõæÌöÈõ áóåõ ÇáúÞóæúáó Èöåö.
ÇáúÌóæóÇÈõ: íõÞóÇáõ áóåõãú: ÃóÎúÈöÑõæäóÇ Úóäú ÇáöÇÎúÊöáóÇÝö ÇáøóÐöí Ðóãøóåõ Çááøóåõ ÊóÚóÇáóì¡ æóÚóÇÈó Ãóåúáóåõ Ýöí åóÐöåö ÇáúÂíóÇÊö¡ æóäóåóì Úóäúåõ¡ åõæó ÇáöÇÎúÊöáóÇÝõ Ýöí ÃóÍúßóÇãö ÍóæóÇÏöËö ÇáúÝõÊúíóÇ¿ ÝóÅöäú ÞóÇáõæÇ: äóÚóãú. Þöíáó áóåõãú: ÝóíóäúÈóÛöí Ãóäú íóßõæäó áöáÕøóÍóÇÈóÉö æóÇáúÃóÆöãøóÉö ÇáúåóÇÏöíóÉö ãöäú ÇáÕøóÏúÑö ÇáúÃóæøóáö ÇáúÍóÙøó ÇáúÃóæúÝóÑó ãöäú åóÐóÇ ÇáÐøóãøö¡ æóãöäú ãõæóÇÞóÚóÉö åóÐóÇ Çáäøóåúíö¡ áößóËúÑóÊöåö ÝöíãóÇ Èóíúäóåõãú ãöäú ãóÓóÇÆöáö ÇáúÝõÊúíóÇ. ÝóÅöäú ßóÇäõæÇ ßóÐóáößó ÚöäúÏóßõãú. ÝóÞóÏú ÕöÑúÊõãú Åáóì ãóÐúåóÈö ÇáØøóÇÚöäöíäó Ýöí ÇáÓøóáóÝö ãöäú ÓóÇÆöÑö ÝöÑóÞö ÇáÖøóáóÇáóÉö. æóáóíúÓó åóÐóÇ Þóæúáõ ÃóÍóÏò ãöäú ÇáúÝõÞóåóÇÁö. æóÇáúßóáóÇãõ Úóáóì åóÄõáóÇÁö ãöäú ÛóíúÑö åóÐóÇ ÇáúæóÌúåö¡ áöÃóäøóåõ ßóáóÇãñ Ýöí ÇáúÃóÕúáö¡ æóÅöäøóãóÇ Êóßóáøóãó åóåõäóÇ Ýöí ÊóÚóÐøõÑö ÇáúãõÌúÊóåöÏöíäó ãöäú ÇáúÞóÇÆöáöíäó ÈöÇáöÇÌúÊöåóÇÏö. ÝóÅöÐóÇ ßóÇäó ÇáúãõÎúÊóáöÝõæäó Ýöí ãóÓóÇÆöáö ÇáúÝöÞúåö ãóÚúÐõæÑöíäó æóãóÃúÌõæÑöíäó¡ ÝóßóíúÝó (íóÌõæÒõ) Ãóäú íóßõæäõæÇ - ÑóÖöíó Çááøóåõ Úóäúåõãú - ãöäú Ãóåúáö åóÐöåö ÇáúÂíóÇÊö¡ ÝóÞóÏú æóÌóÈó ÈöÇÊøöÝóÇÞöäóÇ ÌóãöíÚðÇ Ãóäøó ÇáöÇÎúÊöáóÇÝó Ýöí ãóÓóÇÆöáö ÇáúÝõÊúíóÇ ÛóíúÑõ ãõÑóÇÏò ÈöåóÇ¡ æóáóÇ ÏóÇÎöáò ÝöíåóÇ æóáóæú ßóÇäóÊú åóÐöåö ÇáúÂíóÇÊõ ãõæÌöÈóÉð áöÐóãøö ÇáöÇÎúÊöáóÇÝö ÚóÇãøðÇ¡ áóæóÌóÈó Ãóäú íóßõæäó ÇáúãõÎúÊóáöÝõæäó ÚöäúÏó ÇáúÝóÊóÇæóì Ýöí ÊóÏúÈöíÑö ÇáúÍõÑõæÈö ãõÓúÊóÍöÞøöíäó áöÍõßúãö åóÐöåö ÇáúÂíóÇÊö ãóÐúãõæãöíäó ÈöÇÎúÊöáóÇÝöåöãú.
æóÞóÏú ÇÎúÊóáóÝó ÃóÈõæ ÈóßúÑò æóÚõãóÑõ - ÑóÖöíó Çááøóåõ ÚóäúåõãóÇ - ÚöäúÏó ÇáäøóÈöíøö - Õóáøóì Çááøóåõ Úóáóíúåö æóÓóáøóãó - Ýöí ÔóÃúäö ÃõÓóÇÑóì ÈóÏúÑò¡ Ýóáóãú íóÌúÚóáúåõãú Çááøóåõ ÊóÚóÇáóì æóáóÇ äóÈöíøõåõ - Õóáøóì Çááøóåõ Úóáóíúåö æóÓóáøóãó - ãöäú ÇáúãõÎúÊóáöÝöíäó ÇáøóÐöíäó Ôóãöáóåõãú Íõßúãõ åóÐöåö ÇáúÂíóÇÊö.(4/326)
ÝóËóÈóÊó áöãóÇ æóÕóÝúäóÇ Ãóäøó ÇÎúÊöáóÇÝó ÇáúãõÌúÊóåöÏöíäó áóíúÓó ãóÇ Ðóãøóåõ Çááøóåõ ÊóÚóÇáóì ÈöåóÐöåö ÇáúÂíóÇÊö. æóáóæú ßóÇäó Ðóáößó ÇÎúÊöáóÇÝðÇ ãóÐúãõæãðÇ¡ áóæóÌóÈó Ãóäú íóßõæäó ÇÎúÊöáóÇÝõ ÇáúÚöÈóÇÏóÇÊö ÇáúæóÇÑöÏóÉö ãöäú ØóÑöíÞö ÇáäøóÕøö ãóÐúãõæãðÇ¡ äóÍúæõ ÇÎúÊöáóÇÝö ÝóÑúÖö ÇáúãõÞöíãö æóÇáúãõÓóÇÝöÑö Ýöí ÇáÕøóáóÇÉö æóÇáÕøóæúãö¡ æóÇÎúÊöáóÇÝö Íõßúãö ÇáØøóÇåöÑö æóÇáúÍóÇÆöÖö ÝöíåöãóÇ. ÝóáóãøóÇ ßóÇäó Ðóáößó ÇÎúÊöáóÇÝðÇ Ýöí ÃóÍúßóÇãö ÇáúãõÊóÚóÈøöÏöíäó¡ æóáóãú íóßõäú ãóÚöíÈðÇ æóáóÇ ãóÐúãõæãðÇ¡ Èóáú ßóÇäó ÍößúãóÉð æóÕóæóÇÈðÇ ãöäú ÚöäúÏö Çááøóåö ÊóÚóÇáóì¡ æóáóãú íóäúÝöåö Þóæúáå ÊóÚóÇáóì: {æóáóæú ßóÇäó ãöäú ÚöäúÏö ÛóíúÑö Çááøóåö áóæóÌóÏõæÇ Ýöíåö ÇÎúÊöáóÇÝðÇ ßóËöíÑðÇ} [ÇáäÓÇÁ: 82] ¡ áöÃóäøó ÇáöÇÎúÊöáóÇÝó ÇáøóÐöí äóÝóÇåõ Çááøóåõ ÊóÚóÇáóì Úóäú ßöÊóÇÈöåö¡ æóÃóÍúßóÇãöåö¡ åõæó ÇÎúÊöáóÇÝõ ÇáÊøóÖóÇÏøö æóÇáÊøóäóÇÝöí¡ æóÐóáößó ÛóíúÑõ ãóæúÌõæÏò Ýöí ÃóÍúßóÇãö Çááøóåö ÊóÚóÇáóì.
æóÓóÈöíáõ ÇáúãõÌúÊóåöÏöíäó ÅÐóÇ ÇÎúÊóáóÝõæÇ ÓóÈöíáõ ÇáúãõÊóÚóÈøöÏöíäó ÈöÇáúÃóÍúßóÇãö ÇáúãõÎúÊóáöÝóÉö ãöäú ÌöåóÉö ÇáäøõÕõæÕö¡ æóÇáöÇÊøöÝóÇÞö¡ áöÃóäøó ßõáøðÇ ãöäúåõãú ãõÊóÚóÈøöÏñ ÈöãóÇ ÃóÏøóÇåõ Åáóíúåö ÇÌúÊöåóÇÏõåõ¡ æóÛóíúÑõ ÌóÇÆöÒò áóåõ ÊóÎúØöÆóÉõ ÛóíúÑöåö Ýöí ãõÎóÇáóÝóÊöåö ÅíøóÇåõ. æóÅöäú ßóÇäó ãóÇ ÊóÚóÈøóÏó Èöåö ÎöáóÇÝõ ãóÇ ÊóÚóÈøóÏó Èöåö ÛóíúÑõåõ. ßóãóÇ áóÇ íóÌõæÒõ áöáúãõÓóÇÝöÑö ÊóÎúØöÆóÉõ ÇáúãõÞöíãö Ýöí ãõÎóÇáóÝóÉö Íõßúãöåö áöÍõßúãöåö¡ æóáóÇ íóÌõæÒõ áöáúÍóÇÆöÖö ÊóÎúØöÆóÉõ ÇáØøóÇåöÑóÉö ÝöíãóÇ ÊóÚóÈøóÏó Èöåö ßõáøñ ãöäúåõãóÇ ãöäú ÇáúÍõßúãö¡ ßóÇäó ßóÐóáößó Íõßúãõ ÇáúãõÌúÊóåöÏöíäó ÅÐóÇ ÇÎúÊóáóÝõæÇ Úóáóì åóÐóÇ ÇáúæóÌúåö æóåõãú ÌóãöíÚðÇ ãõÕöíÈõæäó.
æóÃóãøóÇ ÇáúÍõßúãõ ÈöÇáÙøóäøö æóÇáúåóæóì¡ ÝóÅöäøó ÇáúãõÌúÊóåöÏó áóÇ íóÌõæÒõ áóåõ ÇáúÍõßúãõ ÈöÇáÙøóäøö æóÇáúåóæóì¡ æóÅöäøóãóÇ Úóáóíúåö ÇÊøöÈóÇÚõ ÇáúÃóãóÇÑóÇÊö æóÇáÔøóæóÇåöÏö¡ æóÇáúÃóÔúÈóÇåö ÇáøóÊöí äóÕóÈóåóÇ Çááøóåõ ÊóÚóÇáóì Ýöí ÇáúÃóãúæóÇáö¡ æóÌóÚóáóåóÇ ÃóãóÇÑóÇÊò áöÃóÍúßóÇãö ÇáúÍóæóÇÏöËö¡ æóáóæú ßóÇäó ÇáúãõÌúÊóåöÏõ ÍóÇßöãðÇ ÈöÇáÙøóäøö æóÇáúåóæóì áóßóÇäó ÇáúãõÊóÍóÑøöí áöáúßóÚúÈóÉö ÍóÇßöãðÇ ÈöÇáúåóæóì¡ æóáóßóÇäóÊú ÇáÕøóÍóÇÈóÉõ Íöíäó ÊóßóáøóãõæÇ Ýöí ãóÓóÇÆöáö ÇáúÝõÊúíóÇ ãõÊøóÈöÚöíäó áöáúåóæóì ÍóÇßöãöíäó ÈöÇáÙøóäøö¡(4/327)
æóáóßóÇäó ÇáúãõÌúÊóåöÏõæäó Ýöí ÊóÏúÈöíÑö ÇáúÍóÑúÈö æóãóßóÇÆöÏö ÇáúÚóÏõæøö ãõÊøóÈöÚöíäó áöáúåóæóì ÍóÇßöãöíäó ÈöÇáÙøóäøö¡ ÝóáóãøóÇ ÇäúÊóÝóì Ðóáößó Úóãøóäú æóÕóÝúäóÇ æóáóãú íóÌõÒú ÅØúáóÇÞõåõ Ýöíåöãú¡ ßóÇäó ßóÐóáößó Íõßúãõ ÇáúãõÌúÊóåöÏöíäó Ýöí ãóÓóÇÆöáö ÇáúÝõÊúíóÇ. æóÇÍúÊóÌøõæÇ ÃóíúÖðÇ: ÈöãóÇ ÐóßóÑó Çááøóåõ ÊóÚóÇáóì Ýöí ÞöÕøóÉö ÏóÇæõÏ æóÓõáóíúãóÇäó - ÚóáóíúåöãóÇ ÇáÓøóáóÇãõ - Ýöí ÇáúÍóÑúËö¡ Ýöí Þóæúáå ÊóÚóÇáóì: {æóÏóÇæõÏ æóÓõáóíúãóÇäó ÅÐú íóÍúßõãóÇäö Ýöí ÇáúÍóÑúËö} [ÇáÃäÈíÇÁ: 78] Åáóì æÞóæúáå ÊóÚóÇáóì: {ÝóÝóåøóãúäóÇåóÇ ÓõáóíúãóÇäó} [ÇáÃäÈíÇÁ: 79] . ÞóÇáõæÇ: ÝóåóÐóÇ Ïóáöíáñ (Úóáóì) Ãóäøó ÓõáóíúãóÇäó - Úóáóíúåö ÇáÓøóáóÇãõ - ßóÇäó åõæó ÇáúãõÕöíÈõ áöÍóÞöíÞóÉö ÇáúÍõßúãö ÚöäúÏó Çááøóåö ÊóÚóÇáóì¡ áóæúáóÇ Ðóáößó áóãóÇ ÎõÕøó ÈöÇáÊøóÝúåöíãö Ïõæäó ÏóÇæõÏ - ÚóáóíúåöãóÇ ÇáÓøóáóÇãõ -.
ÞóÇáó ÃóÈõæ ÈóßúÑò: ÞóÏú ÃõÌöíÈõæÇ Úóäú åóÐóÇ ÈöÃóÌúæöÈóÉò: Ãóäú áóíúÓó Ýöí Þóæúáå ÊóÚóÇáóì: {ÝóÝóåøóãúäóÇåóÇ ÓõáóíúãóÇäó} [ÇáÃäÈíÇÁ: 79] Ïóáöíáñ (Úóáóì) Ãóäøó ÏóÇæõÏ áóãú íõÝóåøóãúåóÇ¡ ßóãóÇ Ãóäú áóíúÓó Ýöí Þóæúáå ÊóÚóÇáóì: {æóáóÞóÏú ÂÊóíúäóÇ ÏóÇæõÏ æóÓõáóíúãóÇäó ÚöáúãðÇ} [Çáäãá: 15] ÏóáóÇáóÉñ Úóáóì äóÝúíö ÇáúÚöáúãö Úóäú ÛóíúÑöåöãóÇ ãöäú ÇáúÃóäúÈöíóÇÁö - Úóáóíúåöãú ÇáÓøóáóÇãõ -. æóßóãóÇ Ãóäøó Þóæúáå ÊóÚóÇáóì: {áóÞóÏú ÑóÖöíó Çááøóåõ Úóäú ÇáúãõÄúãöäöíäó ÅÐú íõÈóÇíöÚõæäóß ÊóÍúÊó ÇáÔøóÌóÑóÉö} [ÇáÝÊÍ: 18] áóÇ ÏóáóÇáóÉó Ýöíåö Ãóäøóåõ áóãú íóÑúÖó Úóäú ÛóíúÑöåöãú ãöãøóäú áóãú íõÈóÇíöÚú ÊóÍúÊó ÇáÔøóÌóÑóÉö¡ ÅÐú áóíúÓó Ýöí ÊóÎúÕöíÕö ÇáÔøóíúÁö ÈöÇáÐøößúÑö ÏóáóÇáóÉñ Úóáóì Ãóäøó ãóÇ ÚóÏóÇåõ ÈöÎöáóÇÝöåö.(4/328)
æóÞóÏú ÈóíøóäøóÇ Ðóáößó ÝöíãóÇ ÓóáóÝó ãöäú åóÐóÇ ÇáúßöÊóÇÈö¡ ÝóÓóÞóØó ÓõÄóÇáõåõãú ãöäú åóÐóÇ ÇáúæóÌúåö. Ëõãøó ÞóÏú ÊóäóÇÒóÚó Ãóåúáõ ÇáúÚöáúãö Ýöí ÊóÃúæöíáö åóÐöåö ÇáúÂíóÉö: Ýóãöäúåõãú ãóäú ÞóÇáó: Åäøó ÍõßúãóåóÇ ßóÇäó ãöäú ØóÑöíÞö ÇáäøóÕøö áóÇ ãöäú ÌöåóÉö ÇáöÇÌúÊöåóÇÏö¡ æóÅöäøóãóÇ Íõßúãõ ÏóÇæõÏ Ýöí Êöáúßó ÇáúÞöÕøóÉö (ÈöÍõßúãò) ÇÓúÊóãóÏøóåõ ãöäú ØóÑöíÞö ÇáäøóÕøö¡ Ëõãøó äõÓöÎó Íõßúãõåõ Ýöí ãöËúáöåóÇ Úóáóì áöÓóÇäö ÓõáóíúãóÇäó - Õóáøóì Çááøóåõ Úóáóíúåö æóÓóáøóãó - ÈöÞóæúáöåö ÊóÚóÇáóì: {ÝóÝóåøóãúäóÇåóÇ ÓõáóíúãóÇäó} [ÇáÃäÈíÇÁ: 79] ãóÚúäóÇåõ: ÃóäøóÇ ÚóáøóãúäóÇåõ ÍõßúãóåóÇ Ýöí ÇáúãõÓúÊóÞúÈóáö.
æóãöäúåõãú ãóäú íóÞõæáõ: Åäøó ÍõßúãóåõãóÇ ßóÇäó ãöäú ØóÑöíÞö ÇáöÇÌúÊöåóÇÏö¡ ÅáøóÇ Ãóäøó ÓõáóíúãóÇäó - Úóáóíúåö ÇáÓøóáóÇãõ - ÃóÕóÇÈó ÍóÞöíÞóÉó ÇáúãóØúáõæÈö ÇáøóÐöí åõæó ÇáúÃóÔúÈóåõ¡ æóáóãú íõÕöÈúåóÇ ÏóÇæõÏ - Úóáóíúåö ÇáÓøóáóÇãõ - (ÝóÎóÕøó ÓõáóíúãóÇäó) ÈöÇáúÝóåúãö áöåóÐöåö ÇáúÚöáøóÉö¡ æóÅöäú ßóÇäóÇ ÌóãöíÚðÇ ãõÕöíÈöíäó áöãóÇ ßõáøöÝóÇåõ ãöäú ÇáúÍõßúãö. ÞóÇáó: æóÇáÏøóáöíáõ Úóáóì ÃóäøóåõãóÇ ãõÕöíÈóÇäö ÌóãöíÚðÇ: Þóæúáå ÊóÚóÇáóì: {æóßõáøðÇ ÂÊóíúäóÇ ÍõßúãðÇ æóÚöáúãðÇ} [ÇáÃäÈíÇÁ: 79] . ÝóÃóËúäóì ÚóáóíúåöãóÇ ÌóãöíÚðÇ¡ æóæóÕóÝóåõãóÇ ÈöÇáúÚöáúãö æóÇáúÍõßúãö. æóÝöí Ðóáößó Ïóáöíáñ Úóáóì ÃóäøóåõãóÇ ÌóãöíÚðÇ ßóÇäóÇ ãõÕöíÈöíäó áöÍõßúãö Çááøóåö ÊóÚóÇáóì ÇáøóÐöí ÊóÚóÈøóÏóÇ Èöåö.
ÝóÅöäú ÞóÇáó ÞóÇÆöáñ: áóæú ßóÇäó ÏóÇæõÏ ãõÕöíÈðÇ áöáúÍõßúãö áöãó äóÞóÖóåõ ÓõáóíúãóÇäõ Íöíäó ÎõæÕöãó Åáóíúåö Ýöíåö¿ æóÞóÏú Ñõæöíó Ýöí ÇáúÍóÏöíËö: Ãóäøó ÓõáóíúãóÇäó - Úóáóíúåö ÇáÓøóáóÇãõ - Íóßóãó Ýöí Êöáúßó ÇáúÞöÕøóÉö ÈöÚóíúäöåóÇ ÈöÎöáóÇÝö Íõßúãö ÏóÇæõÏ ÝöíåóÇ¿ Þöíáó áóåõ: ÇáöÇÍúÊöãóÇáõ ÇáøóÐöí ÐóßóÑúäóÇåõ ÞóÇÆöãñ¡ æóÐóáößó Ãóäøóåõ áóÇ íóãúÊóäöÚõ Ãóäú íóßõæäó ÏóÇæõÏ áóãú íóáúÒóãú ÇáúÍõßúãó ÈöãóÇ ÃóÏøóÇåõ Åáóíúåö ÇÌúÊöåóÇÏõåõ¡ æóÅöäøóãóÇ ÃóÙúåóÑó áöáúÞóæúãö ÇáúÍõßúãó ÚöäúÏóåõ Ýöíåö æóáóãú íõãúÖöåö¡ ÍóÊøóì áóãøóÇ ÈóáóÛó Ðóáößó ÓõáóíúãóÇäó ÞóÇáó: ÇáúÍõßúãõ ÚöäúÏöí ßóíúÊó æóßóíúÊó. æóíóÍúÊóãöáõ Ãóäú íóßõæäó Çááøóåõ ÊóÚóÇáóì ÃóæúÍóì Åáóì ÓõáóíúãóÇäó - Úóáóíúåö ÇáÓøóáóÇãõ - Ýöí Êöáúßó ÇáúÍõßõæãóÉö¡ æóäóÕøó áóåõ(4/329)
ÚóáóíúåóÇ¡ ÝóßóÇäó Þóæúáõ ÏóÇæõÏ ÝöíåóÇ ãöäú ØóÑöíÞö ÇáöÇÌúÊöåóÇÏö¡ æóãóÇ äóÕøó áöÓõáóíúãóÇäó Úóáóíúåö ÎöáóÇÝõ Íõßúãö ÏóÇæõÏ ÞóÈúáó Ãóäú íõãúÖöíó ÏóÇæõÏ ãóÇ ÑóÂåõ ÝöíåóÇ. ÝóÃóÎúÈóÑó Çááøóåõ ÊóÚóÇáóì: Ãóäøóåõ ÝóåøóãóåóÇ ÓõáóíúãóÇäó¡ íóÚúäöí ÈöäóÕøò ãöäú ÚöäúÏöåö¡ æóáóÇ íóÏõáøõ Ðóáößó Úóáóì ÊóÎúØöÆóÊöåö áöÏóÇæõÏó Ýöí ÇáúÍõßõæãóÉö.
æóÇÍúÊóÌøõæÇ ÃóíúÖðÇ: ÈöãóÇ ÚóÇÊóÈó Çááøóåõ ÊóÚóÇáóì Úóáóíúåö äóÈöíøóåõ Ýöí ãóæóÇÖöÚó ßóÇäó Íõßúãõåõ ÝöíåóÇ ãöäú ØóÑöíÞö ÇáöÇÌúÊöåóÇÏ. ãöäúåóÇ: ÅÐúäõåõ áöãóäú ÊóÎóáøóÝó Úóäú ÌóíúÔö ÇáúÚõÓúÑóÉö ÈöÞóæúáöåö ÊóÚóÇáóì: {ÚóÝóÇ Çááøóåõ Úóäúßó áöãó ÃóÐöäúÊó áóåõãú} [ÇáÊæÈÉ: 43] æóÇáúÚóÝúæõ áóÇ íóßõæäõ ÅáøóÇ Úóäú ÐóäúÈò¡ æóÞóÇáó ÊóÚóÇáóì: {æóáÇ Êóßõäú áöáúÎóÇÆöäöíäó ÎóÕöíãðÇ} [ÇáäÓÇÁ: 105] {æóÇÓúÊóÛúÝöÑö Çááøóåó} [ÇáäÓÇÁ: 106] æóãöäúåóÇ: ãóÇ ßóÇäó ãöäúåõ Ýöí ÔóÃúäö ÇáúÃóÓúÑóì¡ æóÞóÏú ßóÇäó ÝóÚóáó ÌóãöíÚó Ðóáößó ÈöÇÌúÊöåóÇÏö ÑóÃúíöåö¡ Ýóáóãú íõÚóÑøó ãöäú ÇáúÎóØóÃö Ýöíåö. (Þöíáó áóåõ: ÌóÇÆöÒñ Ãóäú íóßõæäó Çááøóåõ ÊóÚóÇáóì ÅäøóãóÇ ÃóæúÞóÝóåõ Úóáóì ÍóÞöíÞóÉö ÇáäøóÙöíÑö ÇáøóÐöí åõæó ÇáúÃóÔúÈóåõ¡ æóáóãú íóßõäú åóÐóÇ ÇáúÎóØóÃõ) ÎóØóÃð Ýöí ÇáÏøöíäö¡ æóáóßöäøóåõ ÎóØóÃñ áöáúÃóÔúÈóåö¡ æóÚõÏõæáñ Úóäú ÍóÞöíÞóÉö ÇáäøóÙöíÑö Úóáóì ãóÇ ÞõáúäóÇ.
æóÃóãøóÇ Þóæúáå ÊóÚóÇáóì: {ÚóÝóÇ Çááøóåõ Úóäúß} [ÇáÊæÈÉ: 43] ÝóáóÇ ÏóáóÇáóÉó Ýöíåö Úóáóì Ãóäøóåõ ßóÇäó ÐóäúÈðÇ. æóáóíúÓó íóÞõæáõ ÃóÍóÏñ ãöäú ÇáúÝõÞóåóÇÁö: Åäøó ÎóØóÃó ÇáúãõÌúÊóåöÏö ÐóäúÈñ. æóÇáúÚóÝúæõ Ýöí ÇááøõÛóÉö: åõæó ÇáÊøóÓúåöíáõ æóÇáÊøóæúÓöÚóÉõ¡ ßóÞóæúáöåö ÊóÚóÇáóì: {ÝóÊóÇÈó Úóáóíúßõãú æóÚóÝóÇ Úóäúßõãú} [ÇáÈÞÑÉ: 187] íóÚúäöí Óóåøóáó Úóáóíúßõãú.(4/330)
æóÇÍúÊóÌøõæÇ ãöäú ÌöåóÉö ÇáÓøõäøóÉö ÈöÍóÏöíËö ÚóáúÞóãóÉó Èúäö ãóÑúËóÏò¡ Úóäú ÇÈúäö ÈõÑóíúÏóÉó¡ Úóäú ÃóÈöíåö. ÞóÇáó: «ßóÇäó ÑóÓõæáõ Çááøóåö - Õóáøóì Çááøóåõ Úóáóíúåö æóÓóáøóãó - ÅÐóÇ ÈóÚóËó ÌóíúÔðÇ ÞóÇáó áóåõãú: æóÅöÐóÇ ÍóÇÕóÑúÊõãú Ãóåúáó ÇáúÍöÕúäö Ãóæú ÇáúãóÏöíäóÉö ÝóÃóÑóÇÏõæÇ Ãóäú ÊõäúÒöáõæåõãú Úóáóì Íõßúãö Çááøóåö ÊóÚóÇáóì¡ ÝóáóÇ ÊõäúÒöáõæåõãú Úóáóì Íõßúãö Çááøóåö ÊóÚóÇáóì¡ ÝóÅöäøóßõãú áóÇ ÊóÏúÑõæäó ãóÇ Íõßúãõ Çááøóåö ÊóÚóÇáóì Ýöíåöãú» ÞóÇáõæÇ: ÝóÞóÏú ÃóÎúÈóÑó Ãóäøóåõãú áóÇ íóÏúÑõæäó ãóÇ Íõßúãõ Çááøóåö ÊóÚóÇáóì Ýöíåöãú¡ æóåóÐóÇ ÎöáóÇÝõ Þóæúáößõãú: Åäøó Íõßúãó Çááøóåö ÊóÚóÇáóì åõæó ãóÇ íóÓúÊóÞöÑøõ Úóáóíúåö ÑóÃúíõ ÇáúãõÌúÊóåöÏö. æóÈöÞóæúáö «ÇáäøóÈöíøö - Õóáøóì Çááøóåõ Úóáóíúåö æóÓóáøóãó - Íöíäó ÇÎúÊóÕóãó Åáóíúåö ÑóÌõáóÇäö¡ ÝóÞóÇáó áöÚóãúÑöæ Èúäö ÇáúÚóÇÕö: ÇÞúÖö ÈóíúäóåõãóÇ ÝóÞóÇáó: ÃóÞúÖöí æóÃóäúÊó ÍóÇÖöÑñ¿ ÞóÇáó: äóÚóãú¡ ÝóÅöäú ÇÌúÊóåóÏúÊ ÝóÃóÕóÈúÊ Ýóáóßó ÚóÔúÑõ ÍóÓóäóÇÊò¡ ÝóÅöäú ÇÌúÊóåóÏúÊ ÝóÃóÎúØóÃúÊó Ýóáóßó ÍóÓóäóÉñ æóÇÍöÏóÉñ» ¡ æóíõÑúæóì Ãóäøóåõ ÞóÇáó ãöËúáóåõ áöÚõÞúÈóÉó Èúäö ÚóÇãöÑò(4/331)
æóÚóäú ÚóãúÑöæ Èúäö ÇáúÚóÇÕö¡ Úóäú ÇáäøóÈöíøö - Õóáøóì Çááøóåõ Úóáóíúåö æóÓóáøóãó - Ãóäøóåõ ÞóÇáó: «ÅÐóÇ ÇÌúÊóåóÏó ÇáúÍóÇßöãõ ÝóÃóÕóÇÈó Ýóáóåõ ÃóÌúÑóÇäö¡ æóÅöäú ÇÌúÊóåóÏó ÝóÃóÎúØóÃó Ýóáóåõ ÃóÌúÑñ æóÇÍöÏñ» ¡
(ÞóÇáõæÇ) : ÝóåóÐöåö ÇáúÃóÎúÈóÇÑõ ÊõäóÈøöÆõ Úóäú ÎóØóÃö ÇáúãõÌúÊóåöÏöíäó Ýöí ÇáúÝõÊúíóÇ¡ æóåöíó äóÇÝöíóÉñ áöÞóæúáö ãóäú ÞóÇáó: ßõáøõ ãõÌúÊóåöÏò ãõÕöíÈñ. ÇáúÌóæóÇÈõ: ÃóãøóÇ ÍóÏöíËõ¡ ÈõÑóíúÏóÉó Ýöí Þóæúáöåö - Õóáøóì Çááøóåõ Úóáóíúåö æóÓóáøóãó -: «ÝóÅöäøóßõãú áóÇ ÊóÏúÑõæäó ãóÇ Íõßúãõ Çááøóåö ÊóÚóÇáóì Ýöíåöãú» íóÍúÊóãöáõ ãóÚúäóíóíúäö:
ÃóÍóÏõåõãóÇ: Ãóäøóåõ ÞóÏú ßóÇäó ÌóÇÆöÒðÇ æõÑõæÏõ ÇáäøóÓúÎö Úóáóì ÇáúÍõßúãö ÇáøóÐöí ßóÇäõæÇ ÚóÑóÝõæåõ Íöíäó ÝóÇÑóÞõæÇ ÇáäøóÈöíøó - Õóáøóì Çááøóåõ Úóáóíúåö æóÓóáøóãó - ÝóÞóÇáó: áóÇ ÊõäúÒöáõæåõãú Úóáóì Ðóáößó ÇáúÍõßúãö¡ áöÃóäøóßõãú áóÇ ÊóÃúãóäõæäó Ãóäú íóßõæäó ÞóÏú äõÓöÎó ÈóÚúÏó ÛóíúÈóÊößõãú æóÃóäúÊõãú áóÇ ÊóÏúÑõæäó Èöåö. æóÇáúãóÚúäóì ÇáúÂÎóÑõ: Íõßúãõ Çááøóåö ÊóÚóÇáóì Ýöíåöãú ÅÐóÇ äóÒóáõæÇ Úóáóíúåö ãóæúßõæáñ Åáóì ÇÌúÊöåóÇÏöäóÇ ÚöäúÏó äõÒõæáöåöãú¡ ÝóíóáúÒóãõäóÇ ÅãúÖóÇÄõåõ Úóáóì ÇáúæóÌúåö ÇáøóÐöí íóßõæäõ ÃóÑóÏøó Úóäú ÇáúÅöÓúáóÇãö æóÃóÕúáóÍó: ãöäú ÞóÊúáò¡ Ãóæú ÓóÈúíò¡ Ãóæú ãóäøò¡ æóÇÓúÊöÈúÞóÇÁò¡ æóæóÖúÚö ÇáúÌöÒúíóÉö¡ æóãóÇ ÌóÑóì ãóÌúÑóì Ðóáößó¡ æóåóÐóÇ áóÇ íóÎúÊóáöÝõ ãóæóÇÖöÚõ ÇáöÇÌúÊöåóÇÏö Ýöíåö ÈöÍóÓóÈö ÃóÍúæóÇáö ÇáúÞóæúãö. ÝóÇÍúÊóãóáó Ãóäú íóßõæäó ãõÑóÇÏõåõ: ÝóáóÇ ÊõäúÒöáõæåõãú Úóáóì Íõßúãö Çááøóåö ÊóÚóÇáóì¡ æóÃóäúÊõãú ÇáúÂäó ÞóÈúáó äõÒõæáöåöãú áóÇ ÊóÏúÑõæäó ãóÇ Íõßúãõ Çááøóåö ÊóÚóÇáóì Ýöíåöãú¡ æóÅöäøóãóÇ ÊóÚúáóãõæäóåõ ÅÐóÇ ÇÌúÊóåóÏúÊõãú Ýöí ÃõãõæÑöåöãú ÈóÚúÏó äõÒõæáöåöãú¡ æóáóÇ ÊõäúÒöáõæåõãú Úóáóì Ðóáößó ÅÐóÇ áóãú íóßõäú ÚöäúÏó ÇáúÞóæúãö Ãóäøóßõãú ÊóÍúßõãõæäó Ýöíåöãú ÈöÍõßúãö Çááøóåö ÊóÚóÇáóì ãöäú ØóÑöíÞö ÇáÑøóÃúíö æóÇáöÇÌúÊöåóÇÏö¡ áóÇ ãöäú ØóÑöíÞö ÇáäøóÕøö æóÇáÊøóæúÞöíÝö. Ýóíóßõæäõ Ýöíåö ÖóÑúÈñ ãöäú ÇáÊøóÚúÒöíÑö áóåõãú ãöãøóÇ (áóãú) íóßõæäõæÇ íóÚúáóãõæäóåõ¡ æóÚóÓóì Ãóäú íóßõæäõæÇ ÅäøóãóÇ íóÏúÎõáõæäó ãóÚóåõãú Ýöí Ðóáößó Úóáóì Ãóäøó ÚöäúÏóåõãú Ãóäøó(4/332)
Íõßúãó Çááøóåö ÊóÚóÇáóì ÚöäúÏóäóÇ Ýöíåöãú íóßõæäõ ãöäú ØóÑöíÞö ÇáäøóÕøö¡ Ïõæäó ÇáÑøóÃúíö æóÇáöÇÌúÊöåóÇÏö.
æóÃóãøóÇ Þóæúáõåõ - Õóáøóì Çááøóåõ Úóáóíúåö æóÓóáøóãó - «ÅÐóÇ ÇÌúÊóåóÏó ÇáúÍóÇßöãõ ÝóÃóÕóÇÈó Ýóáóåõ ÃóÌúÑóÇäö æóÅöÐóÇ ÃóÎúØóÃó Ýóáóåõ ÃóÌúÑñ æóÇÍöÏñ» ÝóÅöäøóåõ íõÍúÊóãóáõ Ãóäú íõÑöíÏó ÅÐóÇ ÃóÕóÇÈó ÇáúÃóÔúÈóåó ÇáúãóØúáõæÈó ÇáøóÐöí íóÊóÍóÑøóì ÇáúãõÌúÊóåöÏõ ãõæóÇÝóÞóÊóåõ - æóÅöÕóÇÈóÊóåõ ÈöÇÌúÊöåóÇÏöåö - (Ýóáóåõ ÃóÌúÑóÇäö) æóÅöäú ÃóÎúØóÃóåõ Ýóáóåõ ÃóÌúÑñ æóÇÍöÏñ¡ Ýóíóßõæäõ ãõÕöíÈðÇ áöáúÍõßúãö Ýöí ÇáúÍóÇáóíúäö¡ ãõÎúØöÆðÇ Ýöí ÃóÍóÏöåöãóÇ áöáúÃóÔúÈóåö¡ áóÇ áöáúÍõßúãö¡ ÅÐú áóãú íóßõäú ÇáúÃóÔúÈóåõ åõæó ÇáúÍõßúãó Úóáóì ãóÇ ÈóíøóäøóÇåõ¡ æóáóíúÓó åóÐóÇ ÇáúÎóØóÃõ ÎóØóÃð Ýöí ÇáúÍõßúãö¡ æóÅöäøóãóÇ åõæó ÎóØóÃñ áöáúÃóÔúÈóåö ÇáøóÐöí áóãú íõßóáøóÝú ÅÕóÇÈóÊóåõ¡ ßóÎóØóÃö ÇáÑøóÇãöí áöáúßóÇÝöÑö.
ÝóÅöäú ÞóÇáó ÞóÇÆöáñ: ÝóÅöÐóÇ ßóÇäó ãõÕöíÈðÇ áöáúÍõßúãö Ýöí ÇáúÍóÇáóíúäö¡ ÝóßóíúÝó íóÌõæÒõ Ãóäú íóÓúÊóÍöÞøó Ýöí ÃóÍóÏöåöãóÇ ÃóÌúÑóíúäö¡ æóÝöí ÇáúÂÎóÑö ÃóÌúÑðÇ æóÇÍöÏðÇ¿ Þöíáó áóåõ: Åäøó ÇáäøóÈöíøó - Õóáøóì Çááøóåõ Úóáóíúåö æóÓóáøóãó - áóãú íõÎúÈöÑú Úóäú ÇáúãõÓúÊóÍóÞøö ãöäú ÇáúÃóÌúÑö Úóäú ÇáöÇÌúÊöåóÇÏö¡ æóÅöäøóãóÇ ÃóÎúÈóÑó ÚóãøóÇ íõÚúØöíåö Çááøóåõ ÊóÚóÇáóì æóíóÌúÚóáõåõ Úóáóì ÌöåóÉö ÇáúæóÚúÏö áóåõ ÈöÇáÊøóÝúÖöíáö¡ æóáóíúÓó íóãúÊóäöÚõ Ðóáößó ÚöäúÏóäóÇ¡ áöÃóäøóåõ ÌóÇÆöÒñ Ãóäú íóßõæäó Ýöí ãóÚúáõæãö Çááøóåö ÊóÚóÇáóì Ãóäøóåõ ÅÐóÇ æóÚóÏó ÃóÍóÏóåõãóÇ ÒöíóÇÏóÉó ÃóÌúÑò¡ æóÅöäú áóãú íóßõäú ãõÓúÊóÍöÞøóåõ Ãóäú áóÇ íóÞóÚó ãöäúåõãóÇ ÊóÞúÕöíÑñ Ýöí ÇáúãõÈóÇáóÛóÉö Ýöí ÇáöÇÌúÊöåóÇÏö¡ æóØóáóÈõ ÇáúÃóÔúÈóåö. æóÃóäøóåõ Åäú áóãú íõÚöÏøó Ðóáößó ÃóÍóÏõåõãóÇ æóÞóÚó ãöäúåõãóÇ ÝõÊõæÑñ Ýöí ÇáúãõÈóÇáóÛóÉö Ýöí ÇáöÇÌúÊöåóÇÏö¡ ßóãóÇ åõæó ÌóÇÆöÒñ (ãõÊóÚóÇáóãñ ÈóíúäóäóÇ Ãóäú íóÞõæáó Íóßöíãñ) ãöäú ÇáúÍõßóãóÇÁö áöÑóÌõáóíúäö: ÇÑúãöíóÇ åóÐóÇ ÇáúßóÇÝöÑó. Ýóãóäú ÃóÕóÇÈóåõ ãöäúßõãóÇ Ýóáóåõ ÏöíäóÇÑóÇäö¡ æóãóäú ÃóÎúØóÃóåõ Ýóáóåõ ÏöíäóÇÑñ æóÇÍöÏñ ÝóáóÇ íóßõæäõ (ãõãúÊóäöÚðÇ æóíóßõæäõ) ÇáúÝóÖúáõ ÇáúãóÔúÑõæØõ áöáúãõÕöíÈö ãöäúåõãóÇ¡ ÊóÍúÑöíÖðÇ áóåõãóÇ¡ æóÊóØúíöíÈðÇ Ýöí æõÞõæÚö ÇáúãõÈóÇáóÛóÉö Ýöí ÇáÊøóÓúÏöíÏö¡ æóÊóÍóÑøöí ÅÕóÇÈóÉö ÇáúãóÑúãóì¡ æóÅöäú áóãú íóßõäú ãõÓúÊóÍóÞøðÇ. æóÃóäøóåõ áóæú áóãú íóÞõáú Ðóáößó áóæóÞóÚó ãöäúåõãóÇ ÝõÊõæÑñ Ýöí ÇáúãõÈóÇáóÛóÉö¡ æóÇáöÇÓúÊöÞúÕóÇÁö Ýöí Ðóáößó. ßóÐóáößó ÌóÇÆöÒñ Ãóäú íóßõæäó ãóÇ ÌóÚóáóåõ ÇáäøóÈöíøõ - Õóáøóì Çááøóåõ Úóáóíúåö æóÓóáøóãó - ãöäú ÒöíóÇÏóÉö ÇáúÃóÌúÑö áöáúãõÕöíÈö ÇáúÃóÔúÈóåó¡ ÛóíúÑõ ãõÓúÊóÍóÞøò ÈöäóÝúÓö ÇáöÇÌúÊöåóÇÏö¡ æóÅöäøóãóÇ æóÚóÏó ÈöåóÇ ÊóÍúÑöíÖðÇ æóÍóËøðÇ Úóáóì ÇáÊøóÞóÕøöí Ýöí ÇáöÇÌúÊöåóÇÏö¡ æóÇáúãõÈóÇáóÛóÉö Ýöí ÊóÍóÑøöí ÇáúãóØúáõæÈö.(4/333)
ÝóÅöäú Þöíáó: áóãøóÇ ÓóãøóÇåõ ÃóÌúÑðÇ Ïóáøó Úóáóì Ãóäøóåõ ãõÓúÊóÍóÞøñ. Þöíáó áóåõ: íóÌõæÒõ Ãóäú íóßõæäó ÓóãøóÇåõ ÃóÌúÑðÇ¡ æóÅöäú áóãú íóßõäú ãõÓúÊóÍóÞøðÇ Úóáóì ÌöåóÉö ÇáúãóÌóÇÒö¡ Íöíäó ßóÇäó ÇáúæóÚúÏõ Èöåö ãõÊóÚóáøöÞðÇ ÈöÞóæúáò íóßõæäõ ãöäúåõ¡ ßóãóÇ ÞóÇáó ÊóÚóÇáóì: {æóÌóÒóÇÁõ ÓóíøöÆóÉò ÓóíøöÆóÉñ ãöËúáõåóÇ} [ÇáÔæÑì: 40] . ÝóÓóãøóì ÇáúÌóÒóÇÁó ÓóíøöÆóÉð Úóáóì æóÌúåö ÇáúãõÞóÇÈóáóÉö.
æóæóÌúåñ ÂÎóÑõ Ýöí ÅíÌóÇÈöåö ÇáúÃóÌúÑóíúäö áöãóäú ÃóÕóÇÈó ÇáúÃóÔúÈóåó ãöäúåõãóÇ: æóåõæó Ãóäøóåõ ÌóÇÆöÒñ Ãóäú íóßõæäó ÅÕóÇÈóÉõ ÇáúãóØúáõæÈö ÇáøóÐöí åõæó ÇáúÃóÔúÈóåõ ãõÊóÚóáøöÞóÉð ÈöÖóÑúÈò ãöäú ÇáúãõÈóÇáóÛóÉö Ýöí ÇáöÇÌúÊöåóÇÏö¡ íõÕóÇÏöÝõ ÈöåóÇ ãõæóÇÝóÞóÉó ÇáúÃóÔúÈóåö¡ æóÅöäú ßóÇäó áóæú ÇÞúÊóÕóÑó Úóáóì ãóÇ ÏõæäóåóÇ ãöäú ÇáÊøóÞóÕøöí æóÇáúãõÈóÇáóÛóÉö Ýöíåö ßóÇäó Ðóáößó ÌóÇÆöÒðÇ¡ æóáóãú íóßõäú ãõØúáóÞðÇ áöÃóßúËóÑó ãöäúåõ¡ æóáóÇ íõÕöíÈõ ÇáúÃóÔúÈóåó ãóÚó Ðóáößó¡ Ýóíóßõæäõ ÇáÖøóÑúÈóÇäö ÌóãöíÚðÇ ãöäú ÇáöÇÌúÊöåóÇÏö ÌóÇÆöÒóíúäö¡ æóÅöäú ßóÇäó ÃóÍóÏõåõãóÇ ÃóÝúÖóáó ãöäú ÇáúÂÎóÑö¡ áöãóÇ Ýöíåö ãöäú ÒöíóÇÏóÉö ÇáúãóÔóÞøóÉö Ýöí ÇáäøóÙóÑö æóÇáöÇÌúÊöåóÇÏö. ÅÐóÇ ßóÇäó åóÐóÇ åóßóÐóÇ: ÌóÇÒó Ãóäú íóßõæäó ÇáúãõÕöíÈõ áöáúÃóÔúÈóåö ÇáúãóØúáõæÈö ãõÓúÊóÍóÞøðÇ áöÒöíóÇÏóÉö ÇáËøóæóÇÈö Úóáóì ÍóÓóÈö æõÞõæÚö ÒöíóÇÏóÉö ÇÌúÊöåóÇÏöåö Úóáóì ÇÌúÊöåóÇÏö ÇáøóÐöí ÞóÕøóÑó Úóäú ãõæóÇÝóÞóÉö ÇáúÃóÔúÈóåö. æóåóÐóÇ ÌóÇÆöÒñ ÓóÇÆöÛñ¡ äóÍúæõ æõÑõæÏö ÇáúÚöÈóÇÏóÉö ãöäú Çááøóåö ÊóÚóÇáóì¡ ßóãóÇ ÞóÇáó Ìóáøó æóÚóÒøó: {æóÇáúÞóæóÇÚöÏõ ãöäú ÇáäøöÓóÇÁö ÇááøóÇÊöí áóÇ íóÑúÌõæäó äößóÇÍðÇ ÝóáóíúÓó Úóáóíúåöäøó ÌõäóÇÍñ Ãóäú íóÖóÚúäó ËöíóÇÈóåõäøó ÛóíúÑó ãõÊóÈóÑøöÌóÇÊò ÈöÒöíäóÉò} [ÇáäæÑ: 60] Ëõãøó ÞóÇáó ÊóÚóÇáóì: {æóÃóäú íóÓúÊóÚúÝöÝúäó ÎóíúÑñ áóåõäøó} [ÇáäæÑ: 60] ÝóÈóíøóäó Íõßúãó ÇáúãõÈóÇÍö ÇáøóÐöí íóÌõæÒõ ÇáöÇÞúÊöÕóÇÑõ Úóáóíúåö¡ æóÃóÈóÇäó Úóäú ãóæúÖöÚö ÇáúÝóÖúáö¡ æóÞóÇáó ÊóÚóÇáóì: {Ýóãóäú ÊóØóæøóÚó ÎóíúÑðÇ Ýóåõæó ÎóíúÑñ áóåõ} [ÇáÈÞÑÉ: 184] . Ëõãøó ÞóÇáó ÊóÚóÇáóì: {æóÃóäú ÊóÕõæãõæÇ ÎóíúÑñ áóßõãú} [ÇáÈÞÑÉ: 184] ¡ ÝóÃóÈóÇÍó áóäóÇ ÇáúÅöÝúØóÇÑó¡ æóÃóÎúÈóÑó ÈöÇáúÝóÕúáö.(4/334)
«æóÊóæóÖøóÃó ÑóÓõæáõ Çááøóåö - Õóáøóì Çááøóåõ Úóáóíúåö æóÓóáøóãó - ãóÑøóÉð ãóÑøóÉð¡ æóÞóÇáó: åóÐóÇ æõÖõæÁñ áóÇ íóÞúÈóáõ Çááøóåõ ÇáÕøóáóÇÉó ÅáøóÇ Èöåö¡ Ëõãøó ÊóæóÖøóÃó ãóÑøóÊóíúäö ãóÑøóÊóíúäö æóÞóÇáó: ãóäú ÊóæóÖøóÃó ãóÑøóÊóíúäö¡ ÖóÇÚóÝó Çááøóåõ ÚóÒøó æóÌóáøó ÃóÌúÑóåõ ãóÑøóÊóíúäö» . æóÃõÈöíÍó áöáúãõÓóÇÝöÑö Ãóäú íõÕóáøöíó ÇáÙøõåúÑó Ýöí ãóäúÒöáöåö íóæúãó ÇáúÌõãõÚóÉö¡ æóÅöäú ÃóÊóì ÇáúÌõãõÚóÉó ÝóÕóáøóÇåóÇ ßóÇäó ÃóÝúÖóáó. (æóßóÐóáößó ÇáúãóÑöíÖõ áóíúÓó Úóáóíúåö ÅÊúíóÇäõ ÇáúÌõãõÚóÉö¡ ÝóÅöäú ÊóÍóãøóáó ÇáúãóÔóÞøóÉó æóÍóÖóÑóåóÇ ßóÇäó ÃóÝúÖóáó) æóßóÇäó ãõÓúÊóÍöÞøðÇ áöáËøóæóÇÈö Ýöí ÅÊúíóÇäöåóÇ¡ ÝóáóíúÓó íóãúÊóäöÚõ Úóáóì åóÐóÇ Ãóäú íóßõæäó ÇÌúÊöåóÇÏõ ÇáúãõÌúÊóåöÏö Úóáóì ÖóÑúÈóíúäö:
ÃóÍóÏõåõãóÇ: ÇáÊøóÞóÕøöí (Ýöíåö) ¡ æóÇáúãõÈóÇáóÛóÉõ Ýöí ÊóÍóÑøöí ãõæóÇÝóÞóÉö ÇáúÃóÔúÈóåö¡ ÝóíóÊøóÝöÞõ ÈöãöËúáöåö ãõÕóÇÏóÝóÉõ ÇáúãóØúáõæÈö¡ ÇáøóÐöí áóæú ÇäúßóÔóÝó ÃóãúÑõåõ áöáúãõÌúÊóåöÏö ÈöÇáäøóÕøö Úóáóíúåö ßóÇäó åõæó Íõßúãõ Çááøóåö ÊóÚóÇáóì áóÇ ÛóíúÑõ. æóÇÌúÊöåóÇÏõ Ïõæäöåö: ÞóÏú ÃõÈöíÍó áöáúãõÌúÊóåöÏö ÇáöÇÞúÊöÕóÇÑõ Úóáóíúåö¡ æóáóÇ íóÊøóÝöÞõ ÈöãöËúáöåö ãõæóÇÝóÞóÉó ÇáúÃóÔúÈóåö¡ æóÅöäú Ùóäøó ÇáúãõÌúÊóåöÏõ Ãóäøóåõ (ÞóÏú) æóÇÝóÞóåõ. ÝóáóÇ íóÓúÊóÍöÞøõ åóÐóÇ ãöäú ÇáúÃóÌúÑö ãóÇ íóÓúÊóÍöÞøõåõ ÇáúÃóæøóáõ¡ æóÅöäú ßóÇäó ãõÕöíÈðÇ¡ ßóãóÇ ÞõáúäóÇ Ýöí äóÙóÇÆöÑöåö - ÇáøóÊöí æóÕóÝúäóÇ - Ýöí ÇáäøõÕõæÕö æóÇáöÇÊøöÝóÇÞö. Ëõãøó íõÞóÇáõ áöáúãõÚúÊóÑöÖö ÈöåóÐóÇ ÇáúÎóÈóÑö: ÎóÈøöÑúäóÇ Úóäú ÇáöÇÌúÊöåóÇÏö ÇáúãõÄóÏøöí Åáóì ÇáúÎóØóÃö¡ åõæó ãóÃúãõæÑñ Èöåö¿ ÝóÅöäú ÞóÇáó: äóÚóãú. Þöíáó áóåõ: ÝóßóíúÝó íóßõæäõ ãóÇ ÃõãöÑó Èöåö ÇáúãõÌúÊóåöÏõ ÅÐóÇ ÝóÚóáóåõ íóßõæäõ ãõÎúØöÆðÇ Èöåö¡ æóßóíúÝó íóÌõæÒõ Ãóäú íõÄóÏøöíó ÇáúãóÃúãõæÑó Èöåö Åáóì ÇáúÎóØóÃö¿ æóÅöäú ÞóÇáó: åõæó ÎóØóÃñ æóáóíúÓó ÈöãóÃúãõæÑò Èöåö. Þöíáó áóåõ: ßóíúÝó íóÌõæÒõ Ãóäú íóÓúÊóÍöÞøó ÇáúÃóÌúÑó Úóáóì ÎóØóÃò áóíúÓó åõæó ãóÃúãõæÑðÇ Èöåö¿ åóÐóÇ ÎóáúÝñ Ýöí ÇáúÞóæúáö.(4/335)
æóÇÍúÊóÌøõæÇ ÃóíúÖðÇ: ÈöãóÇ Ñõæöíó Úóäú ÇáäøóÈöíøö - Õóáøóì Çááøóåõ Úóáóíúåö æóÓóáøóãó - Ãóäøóåõ (ÞóÇáó) : «æóÃóÚúáóãõßõãú ÈöÇáúÍóáóÇáö æóÇáúÍóÑóÇãö ãõÚóÇÐõ Èúäõ ÌóÈóáò¡ æóÃóÝúÑóÖõßõãú ÒóíúÏñ» . ÞóÇáõæÇ: æóáóæú ßóÇäó ßõáøõ ãõÌúÊóåöÏò ãõÕöíÈðÇ¡ ãóÇ åõäóÇßó ÃóÍóÏñ ÃóÚúáóãõ ãöäú ÃóÍóÏò. ÝóíõÞóÇáõ áóåõ: Åäøó æõÌõæåó ÇáÏøóáóÇÆöáö Ýöí ÇáúãóÞóÇíöíÓö ãõÎúÊóáöÝóÉñ. ÝóãöäúåóÇ: ãóÇ íõÓóæøóÛõ Ýöíåö ÇáöÇÌúÊöåóÇÏõ¡ æóÇáúÍóÞøõ Ýöíåö Ýöí ÌóãöíÚö ÃóÞóÇæöíáö ÇáúãõÎúÊóáöÝöíäó. æóãöäúåóÇ: ãóÇ íóßõæäõ ÇáúÍóÞøõ Ýöíåö æóÇÍöÏðÇ¡ áöæõÌõæÏö ÇáÏøóáóÇÆöáö (ÇáúãóäúÕõæÕóÉö Úóáóíúåö) æóÞóÏú íóßõæäõ ÈóÚúÖõ ÇáäøóÇÓö ÃóÚúáóãó ÈöåóÐöåö ÇáúæõÌõæåö ãöäú ÈóÚúÖò¡ æóÞóÏú íóßõæäõ ÈóÚúÖõåõãú ÃóÚúáóãó ÈöÏóáóÇáóÇÊö ÇáúÞóæúáö¡ æóãóÇ íóÌõæÒõ ãöäúåõ ãöãøóÇ áóÇ íóÌõæÒõ¡ æóÃóÚúáóãõ ÈöãóæóÇÖöÚö ÇáäøõÕõæÕö ãöäú ÈóÚúÖò¡ ÝóáóíúÓó ÅÐðÇ Ýöí ßóæúäö ÈóÚúÖö ÇáäøóÇÓö ÃóÚúáóãó ãöäú ÈóÚúÖö ãóÇ íóäúÝöí ÕöÍøóÉó ÞóæúáöäóÇ.
æóãöãøóÇ ÇÍúÊóÌøõæÇ Èöåö ãöäú Þóæúáö ÇáÓøóáóÝö Ýöí Ãóäøó ÇáúÍóÞøó Ýöí æóÇÍöÏò: ãóÇ Ñõæöíó Úóäú ÃóÈöí ÈóßúÑò ÇáÕøöÏøöíÞö - ÑóÖöíó Çááøóåõ Úóäúåõ -: Ãóäøóåõ ÞóÇáó Ýöí ÇáúßóáóÇáóÉö: (ÃóÞõæáõ ÝöíåóÇ ÈöÑóÃúíöí¡ ÝóÅöäú íóßõ ÕóæóÇÈðÇ Ýóãöäú Çááøóåö ÊóÚóÇáóì¡ æóÅöäú íóßõ ÎóØóÃð Ýóãöäøöí æóãöäú ÇáÔøóíúØóÇäö. æóÇóááøóåõ æóÑóÓõæáõåõ ãöäúåõ ÈóÑöíÆóÇäö) . æóÈöãóÇ Ñõæöíó Úóäú ÚõãóÑó - ÑóÖöíó Çááøóåõ Úóäúåõ - áóãøóÇ ÇÓúÊóÔóÇÑó ÇáÕøóÍóÇÈóÉó (Ýöí ÃóãúÑö ÇáúãóÑúÃóÉö ÇáøóÊöí ßóÇäóÊú íóÊóÍóÏøóËõ ÅáóíúåóÇ¡ ÝóÃóÑúÓóáó ÅáóíúåóÇ ÝóÃóÝúÒóÚóåóÇ Ðóáößó¡ æóÃóáúÞóÊú ÌóäöíäðÇ ãóíøöÊðÇ¡ ÝóÞóÇáõæÇ: áóÇ ÔóíúÁó Úóáóíúß¡ ÅäøóãóÇ ÃóäúÊó ãõÄóÏøöÈñ¡ æóÚóáöíøñ ÓóÇßöÊñ Ýöí ÇáúÞóæúãö¡ ÝóÞóÇáó áóåõ: ãóÇ ÊóÞõæáõ íóÇ ÃóÈóÇ ÇáúÍóÓóäö¿ ÝóÞóÇáó: Åäú ßóÇäó åóÐóÇ ÌóåúÏõ ÑóÃúíöåöãú ÝóÞóÏú ÃóÎúØóÆõæÇ¡ æóÅöäú ßóÇäõæÇ ÞóÇÑóÈõæß ÝóÞóÏú ÛóÔøõæß¡ ÃóÑóÇß ÞóÏú ÖóãöäúÊ¡ ÝóÞóÈöáó Þóæúáóåõ Ïõæäóåõãú¡ æóÖóãöäóåõ) . ÝóÞóÏú ÃóØúáóÞó Úóáöíøñ - ÑóÖöíó Çááøóåõ Úóäúåõ - ÇÓúãó ÇáúÎóØóÃö Úóáóíúåöãú Ýöí ÇÌúÊöåóÇÏöåöãú. æóÈöãóÇ Ñõæöíó (Ãóäøó ÚõãóÑó ÞóÖóì ÈöÞóÖöíøóÉò¡ ÝóÞóÇáó áóåõ ÑóÌõáñ: ÃóÕóÈúÊ ÃóÕóÇÈó Çááøóåõ Èößó¡ ÝóÞóÇáó áóåõ ÚõãóÑõ: ãóÇ ÃóÏúÑöí ÃóÕóÈúÊõ Ãóãú ÃóÎúØóÃúÊõ¿ æóáóßöäøöí áóãú Âáõ Úóäú ÇáúÍóÞøö) .(4/336)
æóÈöãóÇ Ñõæöíó Ãóäøó ßóÇÊöÈðÇ ßóÊóÈó Èóíúäó íóÏóíúåö ÔóíúÆðÇ ãöäú ÃóÈúæóÇÈö ÇáúÞóÖóÇÁö¡ ÓõÆöáó Úóäúåõ¡ ÝóßóÊóÈó åóÐóÇ ãóÇ ÃóÑóì Çááøóåõ ÊóÚóÇáóì ÚõãóÑó¡ ÝóÃóãóÑóåõ Ãóäú íóãúÍõæóåõ æóíóßúÊõÈó: åóÐóÇ ãóÇ ÑóÃóì ÚõãóÑõ¡ æóáóæú ßóÇäó ÑóÃúíõåõ æóãóÇ íõÄóÏøöíå Åáóíúåö ÇÌúÊöåóÇÏõåõ ÍõßúãðÇ áöáøóåö ÊóÚóÇáóì¡ áóãóÇ ÇãúÊóäóÚó ßóÃóäøó íóßúÊõÈó åóÐóÇ ãóÇ ÃóÑóì Çááøóåõ ÚõãóÑó. æóÈöÞóæúáö ÇÈúäõ ãóÓúÚõæÏò: (Ýóãóäú ãóÇÊó Úóäú ÇãúÑóÃóÊöåö ÞóÈúáó ÇáÏøõÎõæáö æóáóãú íóÝúÑöÖú áóåóÇ ÕóÏóÇÞðÇ¡ ÃóÞõæáõ ÝöíåóÇ ÈöÑóÃúíöí¡ ÝóÅöäú íóßõ ÕóæóÇÈðÇ Ýóãöäú Çááøóåö ÊóÚóÇáóì¡ æóÅöäú íóßõ ÎóØóÃð Ýóãöäøöí) . æóÈöÞóæúáö ÇÈúäö ÚóÈøóÇÓò: (ÃóáóÇ íóÊøóÞöí Çááøóåó ÒóíúÏñ¿ íóÌúÚóáõ ÇÈúäó ÇáöÇÈúäö ÈöãóäúÒöáóÉö ÇáöÇÈúäö¡ æóáóÇ íóÌúÚóáõ ÇáúÌóÏøó ÈöãóäúÒöáóÉö ÇáúÃóÈö¿ ãóäú ÔóÇÁó ÈóÇåóáúÊå ÚöäúÏó ÇáúÍóÌóÑö ÇáúÃóÓúæóÏö: Ãóäøó ÇáúÌóÏøó ÃóÈñ) . æóÈöÞóæúáö ÇÈúäö ãóÓúÚõæÏò: (ãóäú ÔóÇÁó ÈóÇåóáúÊå Ãóäøó ÓõæÑóÉó ÇáäøöÓóÇÁö ÇáúÞõÕúÑóì) äóÒóáóÊú ÈóÚúÏó Þóæúáå ÊóÚóÇáóì: {ÃóÑúÈóÚóÉó ÃóÔúåõÑò æóÚóÔúÑðÇ} [ÇáÈÞÑÉ: 234] . æóÈöÞóæúáö ÚõãóÑó áöÚóÈúÏö ÇáÑøóÍúãóäö Èúäö ÚóæúÝò: (ÃóÑóÃóíúÊó áóæú ÑóÃóíúÊ ÑóÌõáðÇ Úóáóì ÝóÇÍöÔóÉò. ÃóßõäúÊó ÊõÞöíãõ Úóáóíúåö ÇáúÍóÏøó¿ ÞóÇáó: áóÇ¡ ÍóÊøóì íóßõæäó ãóÚöí ÛóíúÑöí¡ ÞóÇáó: ÝóÞõáúÊõ: áóæú ÞõáúÊó ÛóíúÑó åóÐóÇ áóÑóÃóíúÊõ Ãóäøóß áóãú ÊõÕöÈú) .
æóÈöãóÇ Ñõæöíó (Ãóäøó ÃóÈóÇ åõÑóíúÑóÉó ÓõÆöáó Úóäú ÕóíúÏò ÃóÕóÇÈóåõ ÍóáóÇáñ (íóÃúßõáõ) ãöäúåõ ÇáúãõÍúÑöãõ¿ ÝóÃóÝúÊóì ÈöÃóßúáöåö¡ Ëõãøó áóÞöíó ÚõãóÑó¡ ÝóÃóÎúÈóÑó ÈöãóÇ ßóÇäó ãöäú ÝõÊúíóÇåõ¡ ÝóÞóÇáó áóåõ ÚõãóÑõ: áóæú ÃóÝúÊóíúÊåãú ÈöÛóíúÑö åóÐóÇ áóÃóæúÌóÚúÊõß) . (æóÞöíáó áöÓóÚöíÏö Èúäö ÇáúãõÓóíøöÈö: Åäøó ÔõÑóíúÍðÇ íóÞúÖöí Ýöí ãõßóÇÊóÈò Úóáóíúåö Ïóíúäñ: Ãóäøó ÇáÏøóíúäó æóÇáúßöÊóÇÈóÉó ÈöÇáúÍöÕóÕö¡ ÞóÇáó: ÃóÎúØóÃó ÔõÑóíúÍñ) ¡ ÞóÇáõæÇ: ÝóÞóÏú ÃóÌóÇÒó åóÄõáóÇÁö ÇáúÎóØóÃó Úóáóì ÃóäúÝõÓöåöãú Ýöí ÇÌúÊöåóÇÏöåöãú¡ æóÃóäúÊõãú áóÇ ÊõÌöíÒõæäóåõ Úóáóíúåöãú.(4/337)
ÇáúÌóæóÇÈõ: Åäøó Þóæúáó ÃóÈöí ÈóßúÑò æóÇÈúäö ãóÓúÚõæÏò: æóÅöäú íóßõ ÎóØóÃð Ýóãöäøöí æóãöäú ÇáÔøóíúØóÇäö: ÅäøóãóÇ åõæó ÅÔúÝóÇÞñ (ãöäúåõãóÇ) Ãóäú Êóßõæäó åõäóÇßó ÓõäøóÉñ ãöäú ÑóÓõæáö Çááøóåö - Õóáøóì Çááøóåõ Úóáóíúåö æóÓóáøóãó - ÈöÎöáóÇÝö ÂÑóÇÆöåöãóÇ¡ æóÞóÏú ßóÇäõæÇ íóÚúÑöÖõæäó ÂÑóÇÁóåõãú Úóáóì ÇáÕøóÍóÇÈóÉö áöíóäúÙõÑõæÇ¡ åóáú ÝöíãóÇ ÇÌúÊóåóÏõæÇ Ýöíåö ÓõäøóÉñ ÞóÇÆöãóÉñ Úóäú ÑóÓõæáö Çááøóåö - Õóáøóì Çááøóåõ Úóáóíúåö æóÓóáøóãó - ÚöäúÏó ÇáúÍóÇÖöÑöíäó¿ (ÝóÃóÎúÈóÑóÇ: Ãóäøóåõ áóæú ßóÇäó) åõäóÇßó Þóæúáñ ãöäú ÇáäøóÈöíøö - Õóáøóì Çááøóåõ Úóáóíúåö æóÓóáøóãó - ÈöÎöáóÇÝö ÑóÃúíöåöãóÇ¡ ÝóÇÓúÊöÚúãóÇáåãóÇ áöáÑøóÃúíö Ýöí åóÐöåö ÇáúÍóÇáö ÎóØóÃñ¡ ãöäúåõãóÇ æóãöäú ÇáÔøóíúØóÇäö¡ áöÃóäøóåõ áóÇ ÍóÙøó áöáÑøóÃúíö ãóÚó ÇáÓøõäøóÉö¡ ßóãóÇ Ãóäøóåõ áóãøóÇ ÌóÇÁóÊú ÇáúÌóÏøóÉõ Åáóì ÃóÈöí ÈóßúÑò ÇáÕøöÏøöíÞö - ÑóÖöíó Çááøóåõ Úóäúåõ -¡ ÊóÓúÃóáõåõ Úóäú ãöíÑóÇËöåóÇ¡ ÞóÇáó: (ãóÇ ÃóÌöÏõ áóß Ýöí ßöÊóÇÈö Çááøóåö ÊóÚóÇáóì ÔóíúÆðÇ¡ æóÓóÃóáó ÇáäøóÇÓó¡ ÝóáóãøóÇ ÓóÃóáó ÃõÎúÈöÑó ÈöÓõäøóÉö ÑóÓõæáö Çááøóåö - Õóáøóì Çááøóåõ Úóáóíúåö æóÓóáøóãó - ÞóÇÆöãóÉð Ýöí ãöíÑóÇËöåóÇ) ÝóÃóÔúÝóÞó Íöíäó ÑóÃóì Ýöí ÇáúßóáóÇáóÉö ãóÇ ÑóÃóì¡ Ãóäú Êóßõæäó åõäóÇßó ÓõäøóÉñ ÈöÎöáóÇÝö ÑóÃúíöåö. æóíõÈóíøöäõ áóß åóÐóÇ: Þóæúáõåõ Ýöí ãóæúÖöÚò ÂÎóÑó: (Ãóíøõ ÓóãóÇÁò ÊõÙöáøõäöí¡ æóÃóíøõ ÃóÑúÖò ÊõÞöáøõäöí¡ ÅÐóÇ ÞõáúÊõ Ýöí ßöÊóÇÈö Çááøóåö ÊóÚóÇáóì ÈöãóÇ áóÇ ÃóÚúáóãõ) ÝóÇÓúÊóÚúÙóãó Ãóäú íóÞõæáó Ýöí ßöÊóÇÈö Çááøóåö ÊóÚóÇáóì ÈöãóÇ áóÇ íóÚúáóãõ¡ ÝóÏóáøó Úóáóì Ãóäøó Þóæúáóåõ Ýöí ÇáúßóáóÇáóÉö: ÃóÞõæáõ ÝöíåóÇ ÈöÑóÃúíöí¡ áóãú íóßõäú ÞóæúáðÇ Ýöí ßöÊóÇÈö Çááøóåö ÊóÚóÇáóì ÈöãóÇ áóÇ íóÚúáóãõ¡ æóÃóäøóåõ ÞóÏú ßóÇäó ÚöäúÏóåõ: Ãóäøó Íõßúãó Çááøóåö ÊóÚóÇáóì Úóáóíúåö åõæó ãóÇ ÍóÕóáó Úóáóíúåö ÑóÃúíõåõ æóÇÌúÊöåóÇÏõåõ¡ ãóÇ áóãú íóßõäú åõäóÇßó äóÕøñ ãöäú ÇáäøóÈöíøö - Õóáøóì Çááøóåõ Úóáóíúåö æóÓóáøóãó - (ÈöÎöáóÇÝöåö) . æóÃóãøóÇ Þóæúáõ Úóáöíøò - ÑóÖöíó Çááøóåõ Úóäúåõ -: áöÚõãóÑó - ÑóÖöíó Çááøóåõ Úóäúåõ -¡ ÝóÅöäøóåõ áóãú íóÞõáú: Åäøóåõãú ÃóÎúØóÆõæÇ Íõßúãó Çááøóåö ÊóÚóÇáóì.
æóÌóÇÆöÒñ Ãóäú íóßõæäó ãõÑóÇÏõåõ: Ãóäøóåõãú ÃóÎúØóÆõæÇ ÍóÞöíÞóÉó ÇáäøóÙöíÑö ÚöäúÏöí¡ æóåõæó ÇáúãóØúáõæÈõ ÇáøóÐöí áóãú íõßóáøóÝõæÇ ÅÕóÇÈóÊóåõ¡ æóÚóáóì Ãóäøó åóÐóÇ ÇáúÍóÏöíËó ÅäøóãóÇ íóÑúæöíå ÇáúÍóÓóäõ¡ æóÇáúÍóÓóäõ áóãú íõÔóÇåöÏú (åóÐöåö) ÇáúÞöÕøóÉó. æóßóÐóáößó Þóæúáõ ÚõãóÑó - ÑóÖöíó Çááøóåõ Úóäúåõ -: ãóÇ ÃóÏúÑöí ÃóÕóÈúÊ Ãóãú ÃóÎúØóÃúÊ¿ åõæó Úóáóì åóÐóÇ ÇáúãóÚúäóì¡ áöÃóäøóåõ áóãú íóÞõáú: áóÇ ÃóÏúÑóì ÃóÕóÈúÊõ Íõßúãó Çááøóåö ÊóÚóÇáóì Ãóãú áóÇ¿ æóãóÚúäóÇåõ ÚöäúÏóäóÇ: Ãóäøóåõ áóÇ íóÏúÑöí ÃóÕóÇÈó ÇáúÃóÔúÈóåó ÇáøóÐöí åõæó ÇáúãóØúáõæÈõ¡ Ãóãú áóÇ.(4/338)
æóÃóãøóÇ ÇãúÊöäóÇÚõ ÚõãóÑó ãöäú Ãóäú íóßúÊõÈó: åóÐóÇ ãóÇ ÃóÑóì Çááøóåõ ÚõãóÑó¡ ÝóÅöäøóãóÇ ßóÇäó ãöäú ÌöåóÉö Ãóäøóåõ áóÝúÙñ ÙóÇåöÑñ¡ íõæåöãõ Ãóäøóåõ (ÞóÇáó) ãöäú ØóÑöíÞö ÇáäøóÕøö¡ ÅÐú ßóÇäó ÙóÇåöÑõåõ íóÞúÊóÖöíå. ßóãóÇ ÞóÇáó Çááøóåõ ÊóÚóÇáóì: {ÅöäøóÇ ÃóäúÒóáúäóÇ Åöáóíúßó ÇáúßöÊóÇÈó ÈöÇáúÍóÞøö áöÊóÍúßõãó Èóíúäó ÇáäøóÇÓö ÈöãóÇ ÃóÑóÇßó Çááøóåõ æóáÇ Êóßõäú áöáúÎóÇÆöäöíäó ÎóÕöíãðÇ} [ÇáäÓÇÁ: 105] {æóÇÓúÊóÛúÝöÑö Çááøóåó} [ÇáäÓÇÁ: 106] æóãõÑóÇÏõåõ - æóÇóááøóåõ ÃóÚúáóãõ -: ãóÇ äóÕøó Úóáóíúåö¡ æóÃõæÍöíó Èöåö Åáóíúåö. æóÃóãøóÇ Þóæúáõ ÇÈúäö ÚóÈøóÇÓò: ÃóáóÇ íóÊøóÞö Çááøóåó ÒóíúÏñ¿ æóÞóæúáõåõ: ãóäú ÔóÇÁó ÈóÇåóáúÊå: Ãóäøó ÇáúÌóÏøó ÃóÈñ¡ ÝóáóÇ ÏóáóÇáóÉó Ýöíåö Úóáóì ãóÇ ÐóßóÑõæÇ. æóÐóáößó: Ãóäøóåõ ßóÇäó íóÞúÊóÖöí Ãóäøó ãõÎóÇáöÝóåõ Ýöí ÇáúÌóÏøö¡ ÊóÇÑößñ (áöÊóÞúæóì Çááøóåö ÊóÚóÇáóì) ¡ ÝóÅöäøó ÃóÍóÏðÇ ãöäú ÇáúÝõÞóåóÇÁö áóÇ íõØúáöÞõ Ðóáößó Ýöíãóäú íõÎóÇáöÝõ Ýöí ÇáúÌóÏøö ãóÐúåóÈó ÇÈúäö ÚóÈøóÇÓò. æóßóÐóáößó Þóæúáõåõ: ãóäú ÔóÇÁó ÈóÇåóáúÊå¡ áöÃóäøó ÃóÍóÏðÇ áóÇ íóÞõæáõ: Åäøó ãóäú ÎóÇáóÝó ÇÈúäó ÚóÈøóÇÓò Ýöí ÇáúÌóÏøö ÇÓúÊóÍóÞøó ÇááøóÚúäó¡ æóáóÇ Ýöí ÔóíúÁò ãöäú ãóÓóÇÆöáö ÇáúÝõÊúíóÇ¡ ÅáøóÇ ÞóæúãðÇ ÎóÇÑöÌöíäó Úóäú äöØóÇÞö ÇáúÅöÌúãóÇÚö. æóÙóÇåöÑõ Ðóáößó ÚöäúÏóäóÇ: ãöäú Þóæúáöåö: Åäú ÃóÎúÈóÑó Úóäú ÇÓúÊöÈúÕóÇÑöåö Ýöí ÇÚúÊöÞóÇÏöåö Ãóäøó ÇáúÌóÏøó ÃóÈñ¡ ÝóÅöäøó ÚöäúÏóåõ Ãóäøóåõ ãõÕöíÈñ - Ýöí ÇáúÍóÞöíÞóÉö - ÇáäøóÙöíÑó¡ ÝóÃóÎúÈóÑó ÈöÐóáößó - ÅÚúáóÇãðÇ ãöäúåõ áöáÓøóÇãöÚöíäó - ÈöÃóäøóåõ áóÇ ÔõÈúåóÉó Úóáóíúåö Ýöíåö¡ æóÃóäøóåõ ÛóíúÑõ ãõÊóæóÞøöÝò Ýöíåö¡ æóáóÇ äóÇÙöÑò.
æóáóæú ÈóÇåóáó áóßóÇäóÊú ãõÈóÇåóáóÊõåõ ãõäúÕóÑöÝóÉð Åáóì Ãóäøó åóÐóÇ ÚöäúÏöí ßóÐóÇ¡ æóåóÐóÇ ÌóÇÆöÒñ Ýöíåö ÇáúãõÈóÇåóáóÉõ Úóáóì åóÐóÇ ÇáúæóÌúåö. (ÝóáóÇ ÏóáóÇáóÉó Ýöíåö Úóáóì Ãóäøóåõ ßóÇäó íóÑóì ãõÎóÇáöÝöíåö Ýöí Ðóáößó ãõÎúØöÆöíäó áöáúÍõßúãö ÇáøóÐöí ÊóÚóÈøóÏõæÇ Èöåö) . æóßóÐóáößó: ãóÇ Ñõæöíó Úóäú ÇÈúäö ãóÓúÚõæÏò: ãóäú ÔóÇÁó ÈóÇåóáúÊå¡ Ãóäøó Þóæúáå ÊóÚóÇáóì: {æóÃõæáóÇÊõ ÇáúÃóÍúãóÇáö(4/339)
ÃóÌóáõåõäøó Ãóäú íóÖóÚúäó Íóãúáóåõäøó} [ÇáØáÇÞ: 4] äóÒóáó ÈóÚúÏó Þóæúáå ÊóÚóÇáóì: {ÃóÑúÈóÚóÉó ÃóÔúåõÑò æóÚóÔúÑðÇ} [ÇáÈÞÑÉ: 234] ¡ ÅäøóãóÇ (åõæó) ÅÎúÈóÇÑñ Úóäú Úöáúãöåö ÈöÊóÇÑöíÎö äõÒõæáö ÇáÓøõæÑóÊóíúäö¡ æóãóÚúäóì ÇáúãõÈóÇåóáóÉö Ýöíåö ãõÊóÚóáøöÞñ ÈöãóÇ ßóÇäó ÚöäúÏóåõ¡ æóÑóÇÌöÚñ Åáóì Úöáúãöåö Ïõæäó ÛóíúÑöåö. æóÃóãøóÇ Þóæúáõ ÚõãóÑó áöÚóÈúÏö ÇáÑøóÍúãóäö: áóæú ÞõáúÊ ÛóíúÑó åóÐóÇ áóÑóÃóíúÊ Ãóäøóß áóãú ÊõÕöÈú¡ ÝóÅöäøó ãóÚúäóÇåõ: Ãóäøóß áóãú ÊõÕöÈú ÚöäúÏöí ÍóÞöíÞóÉó ÇáäøóÙöíÑö¡ ÇáøóÐöí åõæó ÇáúÃóÔúÈóåõ ÚöäúÏöí¡ Úóáóì ÇáäøóÍúæö ÇáøóÐöí ÞõáúäóÇ. æóÃóãøóÇ Þóæúáõåõ áöÃóÈöí åõÑóíúÑóÉó Ýöí ÝõÊúíóÇåõ: áóæú ÞõáúÊõ ÛóíúÑó åóÐóÇ áóÃóæúÌóÚúÊõßó¡ ÝóÅöäøóãóÇ ÃóÑóÇÏó Èöåö äóåúíóåõ Úóäú ÇáúÅöÞúÏóÇãö Úóáóì ÇáúÝõÊúíóÇ æóÇáÊøóÓóÑøõÚö Ýöí ÇáúÌóæóÇÈö¡ ÅÐú áóãú íóßõäú ÚöäúÏóåõ ãöäú ÇáúÝõÞóåóÇÁö ÇáøóÐöíäó íóÌõæÒõ áóåõãú ÇáúÅöÞúÏóÇãõ Úóáóì ãóÇ íóÓúÃóáõ Úóäúåõ¡ ãöäú ÛóíúÑö ÑõÌõæÚò ãöäúåõ Åáóì ÅãóÇãöåö¡ Ãóæú Åáóì ãõÔóÇæóÑóÉö Þóæúãò ãöäú Ðóæöí ÇáúÝöÞúåö.
ÓõÄóÇáñ: - æóãöãøóÇ íóÓúÃóáõ ÃóíúÖðÇ: ãöäú Ãóíúäó åóÐóÇ ÇáúãóÐúåóÈõ¿ Ãóäøó ÇáúÞóæúáó ÈöÃóäøó ßõáøó ãõÌúÊóåöÏò ãõÕöíÈñ íõÄóÏøöí Åáóì ÊóÖóÇÏøö ÇáúÃóÍúßóÇãö æóÊóäóÇÝöíåóÇ¡ æóÅöáóì ãóÇ íóÓúÊóÍöíáõ æõÑõæÏõ ÇáúÚöÈóÇÑóÉö Èöåö ãöäú Çááøóåö ÊóÚóÇáóì. æóÐóáößó áöÃóäøó ÇáúãõÓúÊóÝúÊöíó ÅÐóÇ ÓóÃóáó ÃóÍóÏó ÇáúãõÌúÊóåöÏöíäó Úóãøóäú ÞóÇáó áöÇãúÑóÃóÊöåö: ÃóäúÊö Úóáóíøó ÍóÑóÇãñ ÝóÃóÌóÇÈóåõ ÈöæõÞõæÚö ÇáúÈóíúäõæäóÉö. æóÓõÆöáó ÂÎóÑõ: ÝóÃóÌóÇÈóåõ ÝöíåóÇ ÈöÈóÞóÇÁö ÇáÒøóæúÌöíøóÉö¡ æóãóÚúáõæãñ: Ãóäøó Úóáóíúåö ÇáúãóÕöíÑó Åáóì Þóæúáö ÇáúãõÝúÊöíäó¡ ÝóíõæÌöÈõ åóÐóÇ Úóáóíúåö ÇÚúÊöÞóÇÏó ÇáÊøóÍúÑöíãö æóÇáúÅöÈóÇÍóÉö ÌóãöíÚðÇ Ýöí ÍóÇáò æóÇÍöÏò¡ Ýöí ÔóíúÁò æóÇÍöÏò¡ æóÃóäú íóßõæäóÇ ÌóãöíÚðÇ ÍõßúãðÇ áöáøóåö ÊóÚóÇáóì¡ æóíóáúÒóãõæäó Úóáóì Ðóáößó ÊóÌúæöíÒó Ãóäú íóÈúÚóËó Çááøóåõ ÊóÚóÇáóì äóÈöíøóíúäö¡ ÝóíóÃúãõÑó ÃóÍóÏóåõãóÇ ÈöÅöíÌóÇÈö ÍóÙúÑö ÇáúãóÑúÃóÉö æóÊóÍúÑöíãöåóÇ Úóáóì åóÐóÇ ÇáÑøóÌõáö¡ æóíóÃúãõÑó ÇáúÂÎóÑó ÈöÅöÈóÇÍóÊöåóÇ áóåõ ÈöÚóíúäöåö Ýöí æóÞúÊò æóÇÍöÏò¡ Ýóíóßõæäõ ÝóÑúÌñ æóÇÍöÏñ ãóÍúÙõæÑðÇ ãõÈóÇÍðÇ¡ Úóáóì ÑóÌõáò æóÇÍöÏò¡ Ýöí æóÞúÊò æóÇÍöÏò æóáóæú ÌóÇÒó Ðóáößó Ýöí äóÈöíøóíúäö íóÃúãõÑóÇäöåö ÈöÐóáößó¡ áóÌóÇÒó Ãóäú íóÃúãõÑó äóÈöíøñ æóÇÍöÏñ¡ ÈöÃóäú íóÞõæáó áóåõ: åóÐóÇ ãóÍúÙõæÑñ Úóáóíúß¡ æóãõÈóÇÍñ áóß Ýöí ÍóÇáò æóÇÍöÏóÉò¡ æóåóÐóÇ Úóíúäõ ÇáúãõÍóÇáö¡ íóãúÊóäöÚõ æõÌõæÏõ ãöËúáöåö Ýöí ÃóÍúßóÇãö Çááøóåö ÊóÚóÇáóì. ÞóÇáõæÇ: æóíõæÌöÈõ ÊóÌúæöíÒó ãóÇ ÐóßóÑúäóÇ Ýöí ÇáäøóÈöíøóíúäö: Ãóäú íóßõæäó Åäú ÃóÎóÐó ÈöÞóæúáö ÃóÍóÏöåöãóÇ ãõÎóÇáöÝðÇ áöáúÂÎóÑö ÝóÞóÏú ÃõÈöíÍó áóåõ ÅÐðÇ ãõÎóÇáóÝóÉõ ÃóãúÑö ÃóÍóÏö ÇáäøóÈöíøóíúäö. ÞóÇáõæÇ: æóíóäúÈóÛöí Úóáóì åóÐóÇ ÃóíúÖðÇ: Ãóäú íóßõæäó ÇáúãõÌúÊóåöÏõ áóæú æóÞóÚó áóåõ Ïóáöíáõ ÇáúÍóÙúÑö æóÏóáöíáõ ÇáúÅöÈóÇÍóÉö(4/340)
ÌóãöíÚðÇ¡ æóáóãú íóÈöäú ÃóÍóÏõ ÇáúæóÌúåóíúäö ÚöäúÏóåõ ãöäú ÇáúÂÎóÑö ÈöÖóÑúÈò ãöäú ÇáÑøõÌúÍóÇäö: Ãóäú íóÚúÊóÞöÏó ÇáúÍóÙúÑó æóÇáúÅöÈóÇÍóÉó Ýöí ÍóÇáò æóÇÍöÏóÉò Ýöí ÔóíúÁò æóÇÍöÏò. ÝóáóãøóÇ ÇÓúÊóÍóÇáó Ðóáößó¡ ÚóáöãúäóÇ Ãóäøó Íõßúãó Çááøóåö ÊóÚóÇáóì æóÇÍöÏñ (ãöäúåõãóÇ) ¡ æóÃóäøó ÃóÍóÏó ÇáúãõÌúÊóåöÏöíäó ãõÎúØöÆñ áóÇ ãóÍóÇáóÉó¡ ÅÐóÇ áóãú íóßõäú Ýöí ÇáúãóÓúÃóáóÉö ÅáøóÇ Þóæúáóíúäö¡ æóÅöäú ßóÇäó ÝöíåóÇ ÌóãóÇÚóÉó ÃóÞóÇæöíáó ÌóÇÒó Ãóäú íóßõæäó ÇáúÞóæúáóÇäö ÌóãöíÚðÇ ÎóØóÃð¡ æóÇáÕøóæóÇÈõ Ýöí Þóæúáò ËóÇáöËò ÛóíúÑöåóÇ.
ÇáúÌóæóÇÈõ: Ãóäøó ÔóíúÆðÇ ãöãøóÇ ÐóßóÑóåõ åóÐóÇ ÇáÓøóÇÆöáõ ÛóíúÑõ áóÇÒöãò áöáúÞóÇÆöáöíäó ÈöÇáöÇÌúÊöåóÇÏö Úóáóì ÇáäøóÍúæö ÇáøóÐöí ÐóßóÑúäóÇ¡ æóÅöäøóãóÇ ÛóáöØó ÇáÓøóÇÆöáõ Úóáóì ãóÐúåóÈö ÇáúÞóæúãö¡ ÝóÙóäøó Ýöíåö ÔóíúÆðÇ ÕóÇÏóÝó Ùóäøóåõ ÛóíúÑó ÍóÞöíÞóÉö ÇáúãóÐúåóÈö¡ ÝóÃóÎúØóÃó Úóáóíúåöãú Ýöí ÇáúÅöáúÒóÇãö¡ æóÐóáößó áöÃóäøó ãöäú ÃóÕúáöåöãú Ãóäøó ßõáøó ãõÝúÊò ÃóÝúÊóì ÈöÔóíúÁò ØóÑöíÞõåõ ÇáöÇÌúÊöåóÇÏõ¡ ÝóÅöäøóåõ áóÇ íóáúÒóãõ ÇáúãõÓúÊóÝúÊöí ÇÊøöÈóÇÚó ÝõÊúíóÇåõ æóãóÐúåóÈöåö¡ ÝóÅöäøóãóÇ íóÞõæáõ áóåõ: ÅÐóÇ ÊóÓóÇæóì ÚöäúÏóß ÍóÇáõ ÇáúÝóÞöíåóíúäö¡ ÝóÃóäúÊó ãõÎóíøóÑñ Ýöí ÞóÈõæáö ÝõÊúíóÇíó Ãóæú ÊóÑúßöåóÇ¡ æóÞóÈõæáö ÝõÊúíóÇ ÛóíúÑöí¡ ÝóÅöäú ÃóÎóÐúÊó ÈöÞóæúáöí¡ æóÇÎúÊóÑúÊõåõ ÝóÚóáóíúßó Ýöíåö ßóíúÊó æóßóíúÊó. æóÅöäú ÇÎúÊóÑúÊ ÞóÈõæáó Þóæúáö ÛóíúÑöí - ãöãøóäú íóÞõæáõ ÈöÖöÏøö ãóÐúåóÈöí - áóãú íóáúÒóãúßó ÇÊøöÈóÇÚõ Þóæúáöí¡ æóßóÇäó Íõßúãõ Çááøóåö ÊóÚóÇáóì Úóáóíúßó ãóÇ ÃóÝúÊóÇßó Èöåö Ïõæäó ÝõÊúíóÇíó. ÝóÅöÐóÇ ÃóÝúÊóÇåõ ÇáúãõÝúÊöíóÇäö æóåõãóÇ ãõÎúÊóáöÝóÇäö¡ ÝóÅöäú íõÕúÏóÑú ÝõÊúíóÇ (ßõáøö) æóÇÍöÏò ãöäúåõãóÇ Úóäú ÞóÇÆöáöåóÇ Úóáóì åóÐöåö ÇáÔøóÑöíØóÉö¡ Ýóíóßõæäõ ÇáúãõÓúÊóÝúÊöí ãõÎóíøóÑðÇ Èóíúäó ÃóÍóÏö ÇáúÞóæúáóíúäö¡ ÝóÃóíøóåõãóÇ ÇÎúÊóÇÑóåõ ßóÇäó Ðóáößó Íõßúãóåõ ÇáøóÐöí Úóáóíúåö¡ Ïõæäó ÛóíúÑöåö¡ æóíóßõæäõ ÇáúæóØúÁõ ÇáøóÐöí íõÌóÇãöÚõ ÞóÈõæáóåõ ãöäú ÇáúÍóÇÙöÑö ãöäúåõãóÇ¡ ÛóíúÑõ ÇáúæóØúÁö ÇáøóÐöí íõÌóÇãöÚõ ÞóÈõæáóåõ ãöäú ÇáúãõÈöíÍö¡ ÅÐóÇ ÃóÝúÊóÇåõ ÃóÍóÏõåõãóÇ ÈöÍóÙúÑö æóØúÁö ÇáúãóÑúÃóÉö¡ æóÃóÝúÊóÇåõ ÇáúÂÎóÑõ ÈöÅöÈóÇÍóÊöåö¡ ÝóÕóÇÑó ßõáøõ æóÇÍöÏò ãöäú ÇáúÍóÙúÑö æóÇáúÅöÈóÇÍóÉö ãõÊóÚóáøöÞðÇ ÈöãóÚúäðì ÛóíúÑö ãóÇ ÊóÚóáøóÞó Èöåö ÇáúÂÎóÑõ¡ æóåóÐóÇ íóÌõæÒõ æõÑõæÏõ ÇáäøóÕøö Èöåö. æóßóÐóáößó äóÞõæáõ Ýöí ÇáäøóÈöíøóíúäö: ÌóÇÆöÒñ Ãóäú íóÈúÚóËóåõãóÇ Çááøóåõ ÊóÚóÇáóì: ÃóÍóÏõåõãóÇ ÈöÍóÙúÑö ÔóíúÁò¡ æóÇáúÂÎóÑõ ÈöÅöÈóÇÍóÊöåö¡ Úóáóì ÔóÑöíØóÉö Ãóäøó ÇáúãóÃúãõæÑó ãõÎóíøóÑñ Èóíúäó ÇáúÊöÒóÇãö ÃóÍóÏö ÇáúÍõßúãóíúäö¡ æóáóÇ íóÞõæáõ áóåõ æóÇÍöÏñ ãöäú ÇáäøóÈöíøóíúäö: Åäøó åóÐóÇ ÇáÔøóíúÁó ãóÍúÙõæÑñ Úóáóíúß ÍóÙúÑðÇ ÈóÇÊøðÇ¡ Èóáú íóÞõæáõ áóåõ: Åäú ÇÎúÊóÑúÊó ÇáúãóÕöíÑó Åáóì åóÐóÇ(4/341)
ÇáúÞóæúáö áóÒöãóßó Íõßúãõåõ¡ æóáóß Ãóäú áóÇ ÊóÎúÊóÇÑóåõ¡ æóÊóÕöíÑõ Åáóì Þóæúáö ÇáäøóÈöíøö ÇáúÂÎóÑö¡ ÝóÍöíäóÆöÐò íóáúÒóãõß ãóÇ íóÎúÊóÇÑõåõ¡ æóíóÌõæÒõ æõÑõæÏõ ÇáúÚöÈóÇÑóÉö ÈöãöËúáöåö Úóáóì áöÓóÇäö äóÈöíøò æóÇÍöÏò ÃóíúÖðÇ. ÈöÃóäú íóÞõæáó: ÃóäúÊó ãõÎóíøóÑñ ÈöÃóäú ÊõáúÒöãó äóÝúÓóß ÃóÍóÏó ÇáúÍõßúãóíúäö ãöäú ÍóÙúÑò Ãóæú ÅÈóÇÍóÉò. ÃóáóÇ ÊóÑóì: Ãóäøóåõ ÞóÏú íóÌõæÒõ æõÑõæÏõ ÇáäøóÕøö Ýöíãóäú ÞóÇáó áöÇãúÑóÃóÊöåö: ÃóäúÊö Úóáóíøó ÍóÑóÇãñ¡ ÈöÃóäú íõÞóÇáó (áóåõ) : ÃóäúÊó ãõÎóíøóÑñ Èóíúäó Ãóäú ÊóÌúÚóáóåõ ØóáóÇÞðÇ¡ Ãóæú áóÇ ÊóÌúÚóáóåõ ßóÐóáößó.
ÝóÅöäú ÌóÚóáúÊóåõ ØóáóÇÞðÇ ßóÇäóÊú ãõÍóÑøóãóÉð¡ æóÅöäú áóãú ÊóÌúÚóáúåõ ØóáóÇÞðÇ áóãú ÊõÍóÑøóãú Úóáóíúßó. ßóãóÇ Ãóäøó ÇáÑøóÌõáó ãõÎóíøóÑñ ÞóÈúáó Ãóäú íóÞõæáó ÔóíúÆðÇ Èóíúäó Ãóäú íõÍóÑøöãó ÇãúÑóÃóÊóåõ ÈöÇáØøóáóÇÞö¡ æóÈóíúäó Ãóäú áóÇ íõÍóÑøöãóåóÇ¡ Ýóíóßõæäó Úóáóì ÍóÇáöåóÇ¡ æóåõæó ãõÎóíøóÑñ Èóíúäó Ãóäú íõÍóÑøöãó ÃóãóÊóåõ ÈöÇáúÚöÊúÞö¡ æóÈóíúäó ÊóÑúßöåóÇ Úóáóì ÇáúÅöÈóÇÍóÉö æóÇáÑøöÞøö. æóÅöÐóÇ ßóÇäó ÌóÇÆöÒñ æõÑõæÏõ ÇáäøóÕøö ÈöãöËúáöåö Úóáóì æóÌúåö ÇáÊøóÎúíöíÑö¡ ÌóÇÒó Ãóäú íóÝúÑöÖóåõ ãöäú ØóÑöíÞö ÇáöÇÌúÊöåóÇÏö¡ æóíóßõæäó æõÑõæÏõ ÇáúÅöÈóÇÍóÉö æóÇáúÍóÙúÑö ÌóãöíÚðÇ Úóáóì åóÐöåö ÇáÔøóÑöíØóÉö ÍõßúãðÇ áöáøóåö ÊóÚóÇáóì¡ ßóãóÇ ÎóíøóÑó ÇáäøóÈöíøõ - Õóáøóì Çááøóåõ Úóáóíúåö æóÓóáøóãó - Ýöí ÃóãúÑö äöÓóÇÆöåö ÈöÞóæúáöåö ÊóÚóÇáóì: {ÊõÑúÌöí ãóäú ÊóÔóÇÁõ ãöäúåõäøó æóÊõÄúæöí Åáóíúß ãóäú ÊóÔóÇÁõ} [ÇáÃÍÒÇÈ: 51] . æóÃóãøóÇ Þóæúáõåõ: Åäøó Ðóáößó íõæÌöÈõ ãõÎóÇáóÝóÉó ÃóÍóÏö ÇáäøóÈöíøóíúäö ÅÐóÇ ÕóÏóÑó ÇáúÃóãúÑõ ãöäú ßõáøö æóÇÍöÏò ãöäúåõãóÇ Úóáóì ÇáúæóÌúåö ÇáøóÐöí ÐóßóÑúäóÇ. ÝóÅöäøóåõ Åäú ßóÇäó ãõÑóÇÏõ ÇáÓøóÇÆöáö ÈöÐößúÑö ÇáúãõÎóÇáóÝóÉö ãõÎóÇáóÝóÉõ ÃóãúÑöåö ÝóáóÇ¡ æóÅöäú ÃóÑóÇÏó ãõÎóÇáóÝóÉó ÇáúÝöÚúáö ÝóÌóÇÆöÒñ¡ æóÅöäøóãóÇ áóãú íóßõäú ãõÎóÇáöÝðÇ¡ áöÃóäøó ÇáäøóÈöíøó - Õóáøóì Çááøóåõ Úóáóíúåö æóÓóáøóãó - ÞóÏú ÚóÞóÏó ÃóãúÑóåõ ÈöÔóÑöíØóÉö ÇÎúÊöíóÇÑöß áóåõ¡ Ïõæäó ÇÎúÊöíóÇÑö (ÃóãúÑö) ÇáäøóÈöíøö - Õóáøóì Çááøóåõ Úóáóíúåö æóÓóáøóãó - ÇáúÂÎóÑö. ÝóÅöÐóÇ ÇÎúÊóÇÑó ÃóãúÑó ÇáäøóÈöíøö ÇáúÂÎóÑö¡ áóãú íóßõäú ãõÎóÇáöÝðÇ áöÃóãúÑö Çááøóåö ÊóÚóÇáóì.(4/342)
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ÝóÅöäú ÏóÎóáó Ýöí ÕóáóÇÉö ãõÞöíãò ÓóÞóØó ÎöíóÇÑõåõ¡ (ÝóÅöÐú ÞóÏú ßõäøóÇ) æóÌóÏúäóÇ Ýöí ÇáúÃõÕõæáö ãóäú ßóÇäó ãõÎóíøóÑðÇ Èóíúäó ÔóíúÆóíúäö¡ Ëõãøó ÇÎúÊóÇÑó ÃóÍóÏóåõãóÇ æóÃóáúÒóãóåõ äóÝúÓóåõ (ÅíøóÇåõ) (æóÃóãúÖóÇåõ) ¡ áóãú íóßõäú áóåõ ÇáÑøõÌõæÚõ ÚóãøóÇ ÃóãúÖóÇåõ¡ æóáóÇ ÇáúÚõÏõæáõ Åáóì ÂÎóÑó¡ ÝóÞóÏú ÈóØóáó Ãóäú íóÓúÊóÏöáøó ÈöæõÌõæåö ÎöíóÇÑöåö ÞóÈúáó ÇáöÇÎúÊöíóÇÑö æóÇáúÅöíÞóÇÚö Úóáóì ÈóÞóÇÁö ÎöíóÇÑöåö Ýöí ÝóÓúÎö ãóÇ ÃóæúÞóÚó (æó) ÇáúÚõÏõæáö Úóäúåõ Åáóì ÛóíúÑöåö. æóÓóÞóØó ÈöÐóáößó ÓõÄóÇáõ ÇáÓøóÇÆöáö áóäóÇ: ÈöÃóäøóåõ áóãøóÇ ßóÇäó ãõÎóíøóÑðÇ Ýöí ÇáöÇÈúÊöÏóÇÁö æóÌóÈó ÈóÞóÇÁõ ÎöíóÇÑöåö¡ ãóÇ áóãú íóÍúÏõËú åõäóÇßó ÚöäúÏóåõ ÊóÑúÌöíÍñ áöÃóÍóÏö ÇáúÞóæúáóíúäö. æóáóãú íóÕöÍøó Ãóäú íóÌúÚóáó ÇáúÎöíóÇÑó ÇáøóÐöí íóÕúÏõÑõ áóåõ Úóäú ÇáöÇÌúÊöåóÇÏö ÚöäúÏó ÊóÓóÇæöí ÇáúÌöåóÊóíúäö ãöäú ÇáúÞóÈöíáö ÇáøóÐöí ÐóßóÑóåõ ãöäú ßóÝøóÇÑóÇÊö ÇáúÃóíúãóÇäö¡ ãöãøóÇ áóÇ íõãúäóÚõ ÇÎúÊöíóÇÑõåõ (áöÃóÍóÏö ÃóÔúíóÇÁó) ¡ ãöäú ÈóÞóÇÁö ÎöíóÇÑöåö Ïõæäó Ãóäú íóÌúÚóáóåõ ãöäú ÇáúÞóÈöíáö ÇáøóÐöí ÐóßóÑúäóÇ ãöäú ÇáúÃõãõæÑö ÇáøóÊöí íóßõæäõ áóåõ ÝöíåóÇ ÇáúÎöíóÇÑõ¡ Ëõãøó ÅÐóÇ ÃóæúÞóÚó ÃóÍóÏõåõãóÇ ÓóÞóØó ÎöíóÇÑõåõ¡ æóáóãú íóßõäú áóåõ ÇáúÚõÏõæáõ Åáóì ÇáúÂÎóÑö.
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ÝóÅöäú ÞóÇáó ÞóÇÆöáñ: ÝóÅöÐóÇ ßóÇäó Íõßúãõ ÇáúÍóÇßöãö Úóáóíúåö ÈöÎöáóÇÝö ÑóÃúíöåö íõæÌöÈõ Úóáóíúåö ÊóÑúßó ÑóÃúíöåö Åáóì ÑóÃúíö ÇáúÍóÇßöãö. ÝóåóáøóÇ Ïóáøó Ðóáößó Úóáóì Ãóäøóåõ ÛóíúÑõ ãõÕöíÈò Ýöí ÇÌúÊöåóÇÏöåö¿ áöÃóäøóåõ áóæú ßóÇäó ßóÐóáößó áóãóÇ ÌóÇÒó ÊóÑúßõ ÇáÕøóæóÇÈö Åáóì ÛóíúÑöåö.(4/351)
Þöíáó áóåõ: áóãøóÇ ÇäúÚóÞóÏó ÅÌúãóÇÚõ ÇáÓøóáóÝö æóÇáúÎóáóÝö ÈöÐóáößó ÝöíãóÇ ØóÑöíÞõåõ ÇáöÇÌúÊöåóÇÏõ¡ æóÕóÇÑó Íõßúãõåõ ÍöíäóÆöÐò ãóÇ Íóßóãó Èöåö ÇáúÍóÇßöãõ Ïõæäó ãóÇ ÃóÏøóÇåõ Åáóíúåö ÇÌúÊöåóÇÏõåõ¡ ßóãóÇ áóæú ÈóÇäó áóåõ ÖóÑúÈñ ãöäú ÇáÑøõÌúÍóÇäö Ýöí ÎöáóÇÝö Þóæúáöåö ÇáøóÐöí ÇÚúÊóÞóÏóåõ¡ æóÌóÈó Úóáóíúåö ÇáöÇäúÊöÞóÇáõ Åáóíúåö¡ æóßóÇäó Ðóáößó Íõßúãõåõ ÇáøóÐöí ÊóÚóÈøóÏó Èöåö Ïõæäó ÇáúÃóæøóáö.
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Þöíáó áóåõ: (äóÞõæáõ) : Åäøó ÇáúÃóÔúÈóÉó åõæó Íõßúãõ Çááøóåö ÊóÚóÇáóì Úóáóì ãóäú ÕóÇÏóÝóåõ ÈöÇÌúÊöåóÇÏöåö. æóãóäú áóãú íõÕóÇÏöÝúåõ ÈöÇÌúÊöåóÇÏöåö ÝóÍõßúãõ Çááøóåö ÊóÚóÇáóì Úóáóíúåö ãóÇ ÇÓúÊóÞóÑøó Úóáóíúåö ÑóÃúíõåõ¡ æóáóíúÓó æóÇÍöÏñ ãöäú ÇáúãõÌúÊóåöÏöíäó ãõßóáøóÝðÇ áöÅöÕóÇÈóÉö ÇáúÃóÔúÈóåö¡ æóÅöäøóãóÇ åõæó ãõßóáøóÝñ áöáöÇÌúÊöåóÇÏö Ýöí (ÊóÍóÑøöí) ãõæóÇÝóÞóÉö ÇáúÃóÔúÈóåö ÚöäúÏóåõ¡ ÝóáóÇ íóÌõæÒõ ÅØúáóÇÞõ ÇáúÞóæúáö: ÈöÃóäøó ÇáúÃóÔúÈóåó ÚöäúÏó Çááøóåö ÊóÚóÇáóì åõæó ÇáúÍõßúãõ ÇáøóÐöí ÊóÚóÈøóÏúäóÇ Èöåö. æóáóÇ íõØúáóÞõ ÃóíúÖðÇ Ãóäøóåõ áóíúÓó åõæó ÇáúÍõßúãõ¡ áöÃóäøóåõ ÅäøóãóÇ íóßõæäõ ÍõßúãðÇ ÈöÇáúÅöÖóÇÝóÉö æóÇáÊøóÞúíöíÏö Úóáóì ÇáÔøóÑöíØóÉö ÇáøóÊöí ÐóßóÑúäóÇ. æóåóÐóÇ ßóãóÇ äóÞõæáõ áöáúãõÊóÍóÑøöí áöáúßóÚúÈóÉö¡ æóáöÑóÇãöí ÇáúßóÇÝöÑö: Åäøóåõ áóÇ íóÌõæÒõ ÅØúáóÇÞõ ÇáúÞóæúáö: ÈöÃóäøó ÅÕóÇÈóÉó ãõÍóÇÐóÇÉö ÇáúßóÚúÈóÉö¡ æóÅöÕóÇÈóÉó ÇáúßóÇÝöÑö Íõßúãó Çááøóåö ÊóÚóÇáóì Úóáóíúåö¡ æóáóßöäøóÇ äõÞóíøöÏõåõ ÝóäóÞõæáõ: åõæó ãõßóáøóÝñ áöáöÇÌúÊöåóÇÏö æóÇáöÇÑúÊöÆóÇÁö Ýöí ãõÍóÇÐóÇÉö ÇáúßóÚúÈóÉö¡ æóÅöÕóÇÈóÉö ÇáúßóÇÝöÑö¡ ÝóÅöäú ÃóÕóÇÈóåõãóÇ ßóÇäó Íõßúãõ Çááøóåö Úóáóíúåö¡ æóÅöäú ÃóÎúØóÃóåõãóÇ ßóÇäó Íõßúãõ Çááøóåö Úóáóíúåö ãóÇ ÝóÚóáóåõ¡ áóÇ ÛóíúÑõåõ. ÝóÅöäú ÞóÇáó ÞóÇÆöáñ: ÅÐóÇ ßóÇäó ÇáúãõÌúÊóåöÏõæäó ãõÕöíÈöíäó áöãóÇ ßõáøöÝõæÇ¡ ÝóãóÇ ÃóäúßóÑúÊõãú Ãóäú íóÌúÊóåöÏó ãõÌúÊóåöÏñ ÝóíóÚúÊóÞöÏó Ãóäøóßõãú ãõÎúØöÆõæäó Ýöí ÅÌóÇÒóÉö ÇáöÇÌúÊöåóÇÏö æóÇáúÞöíóÇÓö¡ Ýóíóßõæäõ ãõÕöíÈðÇ¡ æóÃóäú íóßõæäó ÇáúÎóæóÇÑöÌõ æóãóäú ÇÓúÊóÍóáøó ÏöãóÇÁóßõãú ãõÕöíÈðÇ¡ ÅÐóÇ ÞóÇáóåõ Úóäú ÇÌúÊöåóÇÏö ÑóÃúíöåö. Þöíáó áóåõ: ÞóÏú ÈóíøóäøóÇ ÝöíãóÇ ÓóáóÝó: Ãóäøóåõ áóíúÓó ßõáøõ ÇáúÍóæóÇÏöËö ØóÑöíÞõåóÇ ÇáöÇÌúÊöåóÇÏõ¡ æóÛóÇáöÈõ ÇáÙøóäøö¡ æóÃóäøó ãöäúåóÇ ãóÇ áöáøóåö ÊóÚóÇáóì Úóáóíúåö Ïóáöíáñ ÞóÇÆöãñ¡ íóÃúËóãõ ãõÎúØöÆõæåõ æóÇáúÚóÇÏöáõ Úóäúåõ (æóãöäúåóÇ: ãóÇ áóÇ íóÌõæÒõ) ÇáöÇÌúÊöåóÇÏõ Ýöíåö¡ æóíõÎúØöÆõ ÇáúÞóÇÆöáõ Èöåö¡ Þóæúáõ ãóäú ÃóÈöí ÌóæóÇÒó ÇáöÇÌúÊöåóÇÏö Ýöí ÇáúÃóÍúßóÇãö. æóßóÐóáößó ãóÐúåóÈõ ãóäú ÇÓúÊóÍóáøó ÏöãóÇÁóäóÇ ãöäú ØóÑöíÞö ÇáÊøóÃúæöíáö: ÞóÏú ÞóÇãóÊú ÇáÏøóáóÇáóÉõ ÈöÈõØúáóÇäö Þóæúáöåö ÅÐóÇ áóãú íóßõäú ØóÑöíÞõåõ ÇáöÇÌúÊöåóÇÏõ¡ Úóáóì ÇáäøóÍúæö ÇáøóÐöí ÐóßóÑúäóÇ.(4/355)
æóÞóÏú íóÌõæÒõ ÚöäúÏóäóÇ ÅÈóÇÍóÉõ ÇáÏøóãö ÈöÇáöÇÌúÊöåóÇÏö¡ æóíóÌõæÒõ ÍóÙúÑõåõ ÃóíúÖðÇ ãöäú åóÐöåö ÇáúÌöåóÉö¡ ÝöíãóÇ áóãú íõäúÕóÈú áóäóÇ Úóáóíúåö Ïóáöíáñ ÞóÇØöÚñ.
ÃóáóÇ ÊóÑóì: ÃóäøóÇ äõÌóæøöÒõ ÇáöÇÌúÊöåóÇÏó Ýöí ÞóÊúáö ÇáúãõÓúáöãö ÈöÇáÐøöãøöíøö¡ æóäõÓóæøöÛõ ÇáöÇÌúÊöåóÇÏó Ýöí ÍóÙúÑöåö¡ Ýóíóßõæäõ ÇáúÝóÑöíÞóÇäö ÌóãöíÚðÇ ãõÕöíÈöíäó. æóÅöäøóãóÇ (áóÇ) íõÓóæøóÛõ Ðóáößó ÝöíãóÇ ÞóÇãóÊú ÇáÏøóáóÇáóÉõ Ýöíåö ÈöÃóÍóÏö ÇáúæóÌúåóíúäö¡ ÝóíóÐúåóÈõ ÐóÇåöÈñ Úóäú æóÌúåö ÇáÏøóáóÇáóÉö áöÔõÈúåóÉò ÊóÏúÎõáõ Úóáóíúåö¡ Ýóíóßõæäõ ãõÎúØöÆðÇ¡ Ëõãøó íóÎúÊóáöÝõ ãóÑóÇÊöÈõ ÇáúãõÎóÇáöÝöíäó áóäóÇ Ýöíåö Ýöí ÈóÇÈö ÇáúãóÃúËóãö¡ æóÚöÙóãö ÇáúÎóØóÃö¡ Úóáóì ÍóÓóÈö ãóÇ íóÞúÊóÖöíå ÇáúæóÇÞöÚõ Ýöíåö. ÝóÅöäú ÞóÇáó ÞóÇÆöáñ: ÝóãóÇ ÊóÞõæáõæäó Ýöíãóäú æóÇÝóÞóßõãú Úóáóì ÅÈóÇÍóÉö ÇáöÇÌúÊöåóÇÏö Ýöí ÇáúÃóÕúáö¡ æóÎóÇáóÝóßõãú Ýöí ÊóÕúæöíÈö ÇáúãõÌúÊóåöÏöíäó¡ æóÒóÚóãó Ãóäøó ÇáúÍóÞøó Ýöí æóÇÍöÏò¡ æóÇáúãõÕöíÈõ æóÇÍöÏñ ãöäú ÇáúãõÎúÊóáöÝöíäó¿ åóáú ÊóÌúÚóáõæäó ãóÐúåóÈóåõ åóÐóÇ (ãöäú) ÈóÇÈö ÇáöÇÌúÊöåóÇÏö¡ æóÊõÕóæøöÈõæäóåõ Ýöíåö¿ ÝóÅöäú ßóÇäó ßóÐóáößó Ýóåõæó íóÔúåóÏõ Úóáóíúåöãú ÈöÇáúÎóØóÃö Ýöí ÊóÕúæöíÈößõãú ÇáúãõÌúÊóåöÏöíäó¡ æóÞóæúáõåõ ÕóæóÇÈñ¡ æóåóÐöåö ÇáúÞóÖöíøóÉõ ÊóÞúÊóÖöí ãöäúßõãú ÇáúÞóæúáó ÈöÎóØóÃö Þóæúáößõãú¡ ãöäú ÍóíúËõ ÕóæøóÈúÊõãú ãóäú ÞóÇáó Ýöíåö ÈöÊóÎúØöÆóÊößõãú. æóÅöäú áóãú ÊõÓóæøöÛõæÇ áóåõãú ÇáúÞóæúáó: ÈöÃóäøó ÇáúÍóÞøó Ýöí æóÇÍöÏò¡ áóÒöãóßõãú (ÇáúÍõßúãõ ÈöÊóÃúËöíãöåöãú) Úóáóì ÍóÓóÈö ãóÇ ÇáúÊóÒóãúÊõãõæåõ ãöäú äóÝúíö ÇáúÞóæúáö ÈöÇáöÇÌúÊöåóÇÏö ÑóÃúÓðÇ. Þöíáó áóåõ: áóÇ ÝóÑúÞó ÚöäúÏóäóÇ Èóíúäó ÇáúÞóÇÆöáöíäó ÈöäóÝúíö ÇáöÇÌúÊöåóÇÏö ÑóÃúÓðÇ¡ æóÈóíúäó ãóäú äóÝóì ÊóÕúæöíÈó ÇáúãõÌúÊóåöÏöíäó ÝöíãóÇ æóÕóÝúäóÇ¡ æóáóÇ íõÓóæøóÛõ ÚöäúÏóäóÇ ÇáöÇÌúÊöåóÇÏõ Ýöí åóÐöåö ÇáúãóÞóÇáóÉö¡ ßóãóÇ áóÇ íõÓóæøóÛõ Ýöí äóÝúíö ÇáöÇÌúÊöåóÇÏö æóÇáúÞöíóÇÓö. æóÇáúÍõßúãõ ÈöÊóÃúËöíãö ÇáúÌóãöíÚö æóÇÌöÈñ ÚöäúÏóäóÇ¡ æóåõãóÇ ÈöãóäúÒöáóÉò ÓóæóÇÁñ Ýöí åóÐóÇ ÇáúæóÌúåö¡ áöÃóäøó ÇáÏøóáóÇáóÉó ÇáøóÊöí ÏóáøóÊú ãöäú ÌöåóÉö ÇáúÂËóÇÑö æóÝöÚúáö ÇáÕøóÍóÇÈóÉö Úóáóì ÌóæóÇÒö ÇáúÞóæúáö ÈöÇáúÞöíóÇÓö æóÇáöÇÌúÊöåóÇÏö: åöíó ÈöÚóíúäöåóÇ ÏóÇáøóÉñ Úóáóì ÊóÕúæöíÈö ÇáúãõÌúÊóåöÏöíäó¡ Úóáóì ÇáäøóÍúæö ÇáøóÐöí ÐóßóÑúäóÇ¡ ÝóÇáúÍõßúãõ ÈöÊóÎúØöÆóÉö ÇáúÝóÑöíÞóíúäö æóÊóÃúËöíãöåöãóÇ æóÇÌöÈñ.(4/356)
ÓõÄóÇáñ: Åäú ÞóÇáó ÞóÇÆöáñ: åóáú íóÎúáõæ ÇáúÞóÇÆöáõ áöÇãúÑóÃóÊöåö: ÃóäúÊö Úóáóíøó ÍóÑóÇãñ¡ ãöäú Ãóäú íóßõæäó ØóáóÇÞðÇ¡ Ãóæú áóíúÓó ÈöØóáóÇÞò¿ ÝóÅöäú ßóÇäó Ýöí äóÝúÓöåö ØóáóÇÞðÇ¡ ÝóÇáúæóÇÌöÈõ Ãóäú íóÞóÚó ÇáöÇÌúÊöåóÇÏõ Ýöíåö ÓóÇÞöØðÇ. æóÅöäú áóãú íóßõäú Ýöí äóÝúÓöåö ØóáóÇÞðÇ ÝóßóíúÝó íóÕöíÑõ ØóáóÇÞðÇ ÈöÇáöÇÌúÊöåóÇÏö¿ . ÇáúÌóæóÇÈõ: Åäøó Þóæúáóåõ: ÃóäúÊö Úóáóíøó ÍóÑóÇãñ áóíúÓó ØóáóÇÞðÇ Ýöí äóÝúÓöåö¡ æóÅöäøóãóÇ íóÕöíÑõ ØóáóÇÞðÇ ÈöÍõßúãö Çááøóåö ÊóÚóÇáóì ÈöÅöíÞóÇÚö ÇáØøóáóÇÞö Èöåö.
ÝóÅöäú Þöíáó: ÝóãóÇ Íõßúãõ Çááøóåö ÊóÚóÇáóì Ýöí åóÐóÇ ÇáúÞóæúáö¿ Þöíáó áóåõ: áóÇ íóÌõæÒõ ÅØúáóÇÞõ ÇáúÞóæúáö Ýöíåö ÈöÍõßúãò ÈöÚóíúäöåö¡ áöÃóäøó ßõáøó ãõÌúÊóåöÏò ÝóÍõßúãõ Çááøóåö ÊóÚóÇáóì Úóáóíúåö Ýöíåö ãóÇ ÃóÏøóÇåõ Åáóíúåö ÇÌúÊöåóÇÏõåõ. Ýóãóäú ÛóáóÈó Ýöí Ùóäøöåö Ãóäøóåõ ØóáóÇÞñ Íóßóãó ÈöÃóäøóåõ ØóáóÇÞñ¡ æóãóäú ÛóáóÈó Ýöí ÑóÃúíöåö ÛóíúÑõ Ðóáößó ßóÇäó Íõßúãõ Çááøóåö ÊóÚóÇáóì Ýöíåö ãóÇ ÛóáóÈó Ýöí ÑóÃúíöåö. æóÅöÐóÇ ßóÇäó åóÐóÇ åóßóÐóÇ¡ áóãú íóÌõÒú ÅØúáóÇÞõ ÇáúÞóæúáö Ýöíåö: ÈöÃóäøóåõ ØóáóÇÞñ ÅáøóÇ Úóáóì ÇáÊøóÞúíöíÏö æóÇáÔøóÑúØö ÇáøóÐöí ÐóßóÑúäóÇ. ÝóÅöäú ÞóÇáó: ÞóÏú ÃóÚúØóíúÊõãú ÇáúÞóæúáó Ýöíåö ÈöÃóäøóåõ áóíúÓó ÈöØóáóÇÞò Ýöí äóÝúÓöåö¡ ÝóßóíúÝó íóÌõæÒõ Ãóäú íóáúÒóãóåõ Çááøóåõ ÊóÚóÇáóì Íõßúãó ÇáØøóáóÇÞö ÈöáóÝúÙò áóíúÓó ÈöØóáóÇÞò¿ Þöíáó áóåõ: ÌóÇÆöÒñ æõÑõæÏõ ÇáúÚöÈóÇÑóÉö ÈöÅöáúÒóÇãö ÇáØøóáóÇÞö ÈöãóÇ áóíúÓó ÈöØóáóÇÞò Ýöí äóÝúÓöåö. ÃóáóÇ ÊóÑóì: Ãóäøóåõ ßóÇäó ÌóÇÆöÒðÇ Ãóäú íóÍúßõãó Çááøóåõ ÊóÚóÇáóì¡ ÈöÃóäøó ãóäú ÞóÐóÝó ÇãúÑóÃóÊóåõ ØóáõÞóÊú ãöäúåõ¡ Ãóæú ÈöÃóäøó ãóäú ßóÐóÈó ßóÐúÈóÉð ØóáõÞóÊú ãöäúåõ ÇãúÑóÃóÊõåõ. æóÞóÏú Íóßóãó Çááøóåõ ÊóÚóÇáóì ÚöäúÏóäóÇ ÈöÃóäøó ÝõÑúÞóÉó ÇááøöÚóÇäö ØóáóÇÞñ¡ ÝóáóíúÓó ÇááøöÚóÇäõ ØóáóÇÞðÇ Ýöí äóÝúÓöåö¡ æóÝõÑúÞóÉõ ÇáúãóÌúÈõæÈö ØóáóÇÞñ Ýöí ÇáúÍõßúãö¡ æóÅöäú áóãú íóßõäú åõäóÇßó áóÝúÙñ ãöäú ÇáÒøóæúÌö Ýöí ÅíÞóÇÚö ÇáØøóáóÇÞö. ÝóÅöäú ÞóÇáó: Íõßúãõ åóÐöåö ÇáúãóÑúÃóÉö ÚöäúÏóßõãú ÃóãõÈóÇÍóÉñ åöíó Ãóãú ãóÍúÙõæÑóÉñ¿ Þöíáó: Åäøó ÌóãöíÚó Ðóáößó ãõÊóÚóáøöÞñ ÈöÇÌúÊöåóÇÏö ÇáúãõÌúÊóåöÏöíäó Úóáóì ÇáÔøóÑúØö ÇáøóÐöí ÞóÏøóãúäóÇ¡ (ÝóáóÇ äõØúáöÞõ ÇáúÞóæúáó: ÈöÃóäøóåóÇ ãõÈóÇÍóÉñ Ãóæú ãóÍúÙõæÑóÉñ¡ ÅáøóÇ Úóáóì ÇáÔøóÑöíØóÉö ÇáøóÊöí ÞóÏøóãúäóÇ) .(4/357)
ÝóÅöäú ÞóÇáó: ÝóãóÇ ÇáúÝóÑúÞõ Èóíúäóßõãú æóÈóíúäó ÃóÕúÍóÇÈö ÇáÙøõäõæäö¡ æóãóäú ÃóäúßóÑó ÍóÞóÇÆöÞó ÇáúÃóÔúíóÇÁö¡ æóÒóÚóãó Ãóäøóåõ áóÇ ÍóÞöíÞóÉó áöÔóíúÁò ÅáøóÇ Úóáóì ÍóÓóÈö ÊóÚóáøõÞöåö ÈöÇÚúÊöÞóÇÏóÇÊö ÇáúãõÚúÊóÞöÏöíäó Ýöíåö Úóáóì ÇÎúÊöáóÇÝöåóÇ¡ æóÃóäøó ßõáøó ÔóíúÁò ãöäú Ðóáößó ÍóÞøñ ÚöäúÏó ÇáúÞóÇÆöáö Èöåö æóãõÚúÊóÞöÏöåö¡ æóáóÇ ÍóÞöíÞóÉó áöÔóíúÁò ãöäúåõ Ýöí äóÝúÓöåö. Þöíáó áóåõ: ÇáúÃóÕúáõ Ýöí Ðóáößó Ãóäøó ÇáÙøõäõæäó ÞóÏú íóÌõæÒõ ÊóÚóáøõÞõåóÇ ÈöÃóãúÑò æóÇÍöÏò Ýöí ÍóÇáò æóÇÍöÏóÉò¡ Úóáóì æõÌõæåò ãõÎúÊóáöÝóÉò. æóÌóÇÆöÒñ Ãóäú íóáúÒóãó ßõáøõ ÙóÇäøò ãöäúåõãú ÍõßúãðÇ ãõÎóÇáöÝðÇ áöÍõßúãö ÇáúÂÎóÑö¡ ÅÐú Ðóáößó ãóÕúáóÍóÉñ ßóãóÇ ÞõáúäóÇ Ýöí ÇáúãõÊóÍóÑøöí áöáúßóÚúÈóÉö¡ æóáöÑóãúíö ÇáúßóÇÝöÑö¡ æóÊóÞúæöíãö ÇáúãõÓúÊóåúáóßóÇÊö æóÇáäøóÝóÞóÇÊö¡ æóäóÍúæöåóÇ. æóäóÍúæõ ÑóÌõáóíúäö ÇáúÊóÞóíóÇ áóíúáðÇ ÝóÛóáóÈó Ýöí Ùóäøö ßõáøö (æóÇÍöÏò) ãöäúåõãóÇ Ãóäøó ÕóÇÍöÈóåõ ÞóÇÕöÏñ áöÞóÊúáöåö¡ ÞóÏú ÃõÈöíÍó áößõáøö æóÇÍöÏò ãöäúåõãóÇ ÇáúÚóãóáõ Úóáóì (ãóÇ ÛóáóÈó) Ýöí Ùóäøöåö¡ æóÞóÊúáõ ÕóÇÍöÈöåö Úóáóì æóÌúåö ÇáÏøóÝúÚö¡ æóÌóãöíÚðÇ ãõØöíÚóÇäö ÝöíãóÇ íóÃúÊöíóÇäöåö¡ ãõÕöíÈóÇäö áöÍõßúãö Çááøóåö ÊóÚóÇáóì ÚóáóíúåöãóÇ. ÅÐú ßóÇäó Íõßúãõ ßõáøö æóÇÍöÏò ãöäúåõãóÇ ãõÊóÚóáøöÞðÇ ÈöÇáÙøóäøö Ïõæäó ÇáúíóÞöíäö. æóÍóÞöíÞóÉõ ÇáúÚöáúãö ÞóÏú ÊóÚóÈøóÏó Çááøóåó ÊóÚóÇáóì ÇáúÍõßøóÇãõ ÈöÞóÈõæáö ÔóåóÇÏóÉö ãóäú ÛóáóÈó Ýöí Ùõäõæäöåöãú ÚöäúÏó ÇáÊøõåóãö¡ æóÅöáúÛóÇÁö ÔóåóÇÏóÉö ãóäú ÛóáóÈó Ýöí Ùóäøöåöãú ÝöÓúÞõåõ¡ ÝóßóÇäó ÌóãöíÚõ Ðóáößó ÃóÍúßóÇãðÇ ãõÊóÚóáøöÞóÉð ÈöÇáÙøõäõæäö¡ ÞóÏú æóÑóÏó (Èöåö äóÕøõ) ÇáúßöÊóÇÈö æóÇáÓøõäøóÉö æóÅöÌúãóÇÚõ ÇáúÃõãøóÉö. æóÇÎúÊöáóÇÝõ ÇáÙøõäõæäö ÝöíåóÇ áóãú ÊõÄóËøöÑú Ýöí ÍóÞóÇÆöÞöåóÇ.
æóÃóãøóÇ ÇáúÚõáõæãõ ÝóáóíúÓóÊú åóÐöåö ÓóÈöíáóåóÇ¡ áöÇÓúÊöÍóÇáóÉö Ãóäú íóÊóÚóáøóÞó ÈöÇáÔøóíúÁö ÇáúæóÇÍöÏö ÚöáúãóÇäö ãõÊóÖóÇÏøóÇäö Ýöí ÍóÇáò æóÇÍöÏóÉò.
ÃóáóÇ ÊóÑóì: Ãóäøóåõ áóÇ íóÕöÍøõ Ãóäú íóÚúáóãó ÔóíúÆðÇ æóÇÍöÏðÇ¡ åóÐóÇ ãóæúÌõæÏðÇ æóåóÐóÇ ãóÚúÏõæãðÇ ßóãóÇ áóÇ íóÌõæÒõ Ãóäú íóßõæäó ÔóíúÁñ æóÇÍöÏñ ãóæúÌõæÏðÇ Ãóæú ãóÚúÏõæãðÇ Ýöí ÍóÇáò æóÇÍöÏóÉò¡ æóÌóÇÆöÒñ Ãóäú íóÙõäøóåõ åóÐóÇ ãóæúÌõæÏðÇ¡ æóíóÙõäøóåõ ÂÎóÑõ ãóÚúÏõæãðÇ¡ ÝóíóÕöÍøõ æõÞõæÚõ ÇáÙøóäøö ãöäú ßõáøö æóÇÍöÏò ãöäúåõãóÇ Úóáóì æóÌúåóíúäö ãõÊóÖóÇÏøóíúäö.(4/358)
æóáóÇ íóÕöÍøõ Èöåö ÚöáúãóÇäö ãõÎúÊóáöÝóÇäö Ýöí ÅäúÒóÇáöåö Úóáóì ÍóÞöíÞóÊóíúäö ãõÎúÊóáöÝóÊóíúäö¡ ßóãóÇ íóÕöÍøõ ÙóäøóÇäö ãõæÌöÈóÇäö áóåõ Íõßúãó ãõÎúÊóáöÝóíúäö¡ áöÇÓúÊöÍóÇáóÉö Ãóäú íóßõæäó áöáÔøóíúÁö (ÇáúæóÇÍöÏö) ÍóÞöíÞóÊóÇäö ãõÎúÊóáöÝóÊóÇäö¡ ÝóÚöáúãóÇäö ÈöÚöáúãóíúäö ãõÎúÊóáöÝóíúäö. Ëõãøó íõÞúáóÈõ åóÐóÇ ÇáÓøõÄóÇáõ Úóáóíúåö¡ ÝóíõÞóÇáõ áóåõ: ÎóÈøöÑúäóÇ Úóäú ÇáÙøõåúÑö Ãóåöíó ÃóÑúÈóÚñ¿ æóÚóäú ÇáúÅöÝúØóÇÑö Ýöí ÑóãóÖóÇäó åóáú åõæó ãõÈóÇÍñ¿ æóÚóäú ÇáäøöÓóÇÁö åóáú Úóáóíúåöäøó ÕóáóÇÉñ¿ .
ÝóÅöäú ÞóÇáó: áóÇ. ÎóÑóÌó Úóäú ÇáúãóÓúÃóáóÉö. æóÅöäú ÞóÇáó: äóÚóãú. ÃóÎúØóÃó Ýöí ÅØúáóÇÞö ÇááøóÝúÙö ÚöäúÏó ÇáúÌóãöíÚö.
ÝóÅöäú ÞóÇáó: (áóÇ) íóÕöÍøõ ÅØúáóÇÞõ ÇáúÞóæúáö ÈöÔóíúÁò ãöäú Ðóáößó¡ æóÅöäøóãóÇ íõÞóÇáõ Ýöíåö ÈöÇáúÅöÖóÇÝóÉö æóÇáÊøóÞúíöíÏö¡ ÝóíõÞóÇáõ: Åäøó ÇáÙøõåúÑó ÃóÑúÈóÚõ ÑóßóÚóÇÊò Úóáóì ÇáúãõÞöíãö¡ æóÑóßúÚóÊóÇäö Úóáóì ÇáúãõÓóÇÝöÑö¡ æóÇáúÅöÝúØóÇÑõ ãõÈóÇÍñ Ýöí ÑóãóÖóÇäó áöáúãõÓóÇÝöÑö æóÇáúãóÑöíÖö¡ ãóÍúÙõæÑñ Úóáóì ÇáÕøóÍöíÍö ÇáúãõÞöíãö¡ æóÇáØøóÇåöÑõ ãöäú ÇáäøöÓóÇÁö ÚóáóíúåóÇ ÝóÑúÖõ ÇáÕøóáóÇÉö¡ æóáóíúÓó Úóáóì ÇáúÍóÇÆöÖö ÝóÑúÖõåóÇ.
æóÅöÐóÇ ßóÇäóÊú (åóÐöåö) ÇáúÝõÑõæÖõ æóÃóãúËóÇáõåóÇ ãöãøóÇ ÎóÇáóÝó Çááøóåõ ÊóÚóÇáóì ÝöíåóÇ ãöäú ÌöåóÉö ÇáäøóÕøö Èóíúäó (Ãóäøó) ÃóÍúßóÇãó ÇáúãõßóáøóÝöíäó áóÇ íõØúáóÞõ ÇáúÞóæúáõ ÝöíåóÇ Úóáóì ÃóÍóÏö ÇáúæóÌúåóíúäö Ïõæäó ÇáúÂÎóÑö¡ ÅáøóÇ ÈöÊóÞúíöíÏò æóÅöÖóÇÝóÉò æóÔóÑúØò Úóáóì ÇáúæóÕúÝö ÇáøóÐöí ÞóÏøóãúäóÇ.
æóáóãú íóáúÒóãúß Úóáóì åóÐóÇ Þóæúáõ ÃóÕúÍóÇÈö ÇáÙøõäõæäö æóÇáúÌóÇÍöÏöíäó áöÍóÞóÇÆöÞö ÇáúÃóÔúíóÇÁö ÈöÇáúÅöÖóÇÝóÉö Åáóì ãõÚúÊóÞöÏöíåóÇ. ÝóãóÇ ÃóäúßóÑúÊ ãöäú ãöËúáöåö ÝöíãóÇ ØóÑöíÞõåõ ÇáöÇÌúÊöåóÇÏõ Úóáóì ÇáúæóÕúÝö ÇáøóÐöí ÈóíøóäøóÇ. ÝóÅöäú ÞóÇáó: Ýóåóáú ÊóÎúáõæ åóÐöåö ÇáúãóÑúÃóÉõ ãöäú Ãóäú Êóßõæäó ÍóÑóÇãðÇ¡ Ãóæú ÍóáóÇáðÇ Ýöí Úöáúãö Çááøóåö ÊóÚóÇáóì¿ Þöíáó áóåõ: ÇáøóÐöí íóÚúáóãõ Çááøóåõ ãöäú Ðóáößó åõæó ãóÇ ÚóáöãúäóÇåõ ÈöÚóíúäöåö¡ áöÃóäøó ÇáÊøóÍúáöíáó æóÇáÊøóÍúÑöíãó Íõßúãñ íóÊóÚóáøóÞõ ÈöÇáúãõßóáøóÝöíäó¡ æóãóÇ íóÚúáóãõåõ Çááøóåõ ÊóÚóÇáóì ãöäúåõ åõæó Íõßúãõåõ ÚóáóíúäóÇ Èöåö.(4/359)
ÝóÅöäú ÞóÇáó: ÝóÅöÐóÇ ÇÚúÊóÞóÏó ÈóÚúÖõåõãú Ýöíåö ÇáúÍóÙúÑó¡ æóÈóÚúÖõåõãú ÇáúÅöÈóÇÍóÉó¡ ÝóÞóÏú ÕóÇÑó ãóÍúÙõæÑðÇ ãõÈóÇÍðÇ Ýöí ÍóÇáò æóÇÍöÏóÉò. Þöíáó áóåõ: áóÇ íóÌõæÒõ ÅØúáóÇÞõ ÇáúÞóæúáö ÈöÃóäøóåõ ãóÍúÙõæÑñ¡ æóáóÇ ÈöÃóäøóåõ ãõÈóÇÍñ¡ áöÃóäøóåõ íõæåöãõ Ãóäøó ÇáúÍóÙúÑó æóÇáúÅöÈóÇÍóÉó ÊóÚóáøóÞóÇ Èöåö Úóáóì ÑóÌõáò æóÇÍöÏò Ýöí ÍóÇáò æóÇÍöÏóÉò¡ æóåóÐóÇ ãõÍóÇáñ¡ æóáóßöäú íõÞóÇáõ ÈöÊóÞúíöíÏò æóÔóÑúØò: Åäøóåõ ãóÍúÙõæÑñ Úóáóì åóÐóÇ¡ æóãõÈóÇÍñ áöåóÐóÇ¡ Úóáóì ÍóÓóÈö ãóÇ íóÞúÊóÖöíå ÇÌúÊöåóÇÏõ ßõáøö æóÇÍöÏò ãöäúåõãú¡ ßóãóÇ äóÞõæáõ: ÝóÑúÖõ ÇáÙøõåúÑö Úóáóì ÇáúãõÞöíãö ÃóÑúÈóÚñ¡ æóÚóáóì ÇáúãõÓóÇÝöÑö ÑóßúÚóÊóÇäö. ÝóÅöäú ÞóÇáó: Åäú ÞóÇáó ÇáúÃóæøóáõ áöÇãúÑóÃóÊöåö: ÃóäúÊö Úóáóíøó ÍóÑóÇãñ¡ æóßóÇäó ãõÌúÊóåöÏðÇ äóÇÙöÑðÇ¡ Ãóæú ãõÓúÊóÝúÊöíðÇ ãõÓúÊóÑúÔöÏðÇ¡ ÝóÇÓúÊóÞóÑøó ÇÌúÊöåóÇÏõ ÇáúãõÌúÊóåöÏö Úóáóì Ãóäøóåõ ØóáóÇÞñ¡ ÝóÇÎúÊóÇÑó ÇáúãõÓúÊóÝúÊöí ÞóÈõæáó ÝõÊúíóÇ ãóäú ÑóÂåõ ØóáóÇÞðÇ¡ ãóÊóì Êóßõæäõ ÇáúãóÑúÃóÉõ ãõØóáøóÞóÉð¡ Íöíäó ÞóÇáó ÇáúÞóæúáó¡ Ãóæú Íöíäó ÇÓúÊóÞóÑøó (ÚöäúÏóåõ) Íõßúãõ ÇáØøóáóÇÞö¿ Þöíáó: ÅäøóãóÇ äóÍúßõãõ Èöåö Ãóäøóåõ ßóÇäó ØóáóÇÞðÇ æóÞúÊó ÝõÕøöáó ãöäú ÞóÇÆöáöåö¡ Ýöí ÓóÇÆöÑö ÃóÍúßóÇãöåö¡ ãöäú ÇÚúÊöÈóÇÑö ÇáúÚöáøóÉö ãöäú íóæúãóÆöÐò¡ æóãöäú æõÞõæÚö ÇáúÈóíúäõæäóÉö¡ æóÞóØúÚö ÇáÊøóæóÇÑõËö¡ æóãóÇ ÌóÑóì ãóÌúÑóÇåõ.
ÝóÅöäú Þöíáó: ÝóßóíúÝó íóÕöÍøõ Ãóäú íóáúÒóãóåõ Ýöí ÇáúãóÇÖöí ãóÇ áóãú íóßõäú áóÇÒöãðÇ áóåõ íóæúãó ÇáúÞóæúáö¿ Þöíáó áóåõ: áöÃóäøó ÃóãúÑóåõ ßóÇäó ãóæúÞõæÝðÇ Úóáóì ãóÇ ËóÈóÊó ÚöäúÏóåõ ãöäú Íõßúãöåö¡ Ýóíóßõæäõ áóÇÒöãðÇ áóåõ íóæúãó ÇáúÞóæúáö. æóáóÓúäóÇ äóÞõæáõ: Åäøóåõ áóãú íóáúÒóãúåõ íóæúãÆöÐò ÈöåóÐóÇ ÇáúÞóæúáö ÔóíúÁñ¡ Èóáú äóÞõæáõ: " Åäøóåõ ÞóÏú áóÒöãóåõ Íõßúãõ ÇáúÞóæúáö Úóáóì (ÇáÔøóÑúØö) ÇáøóÐöí íóÊóÚóáøóÞõ Èöåö¡ æóáöÐóáößó äóÙóÇÆöÑõ ßóËöíÑóÉñ Ýöí ÇáúÃõÕõæáö. ãöäúåóÇ: ÇáÑøóÌõáõ íóÌúÑóÍõ ÇáÑøóÌõáó Ýóíóßõæäõ Íõßúãõ ÌöÑóÇÍöåö ãóæúÞõæÝðÇ Úóáóì ãóÇ íóÆõæáõ Åáóíúåö¡ ÝóÅöäú ÂáóÊú Åáóì ÇáäøóÝúÓö ÍóÕóáó áóåõ (ÇáúÞóÊúáõ ÇáúÂäó ÈöÇáúÌöÑóÇÍóÉö ÇáúãõÊóÞóÏøöãóÉö. ÃóáóÇ ÊóÑóì: Ãóäøó ÇáúÌóÇÑöÍó áóæú ãóÇÊó Ëõãøó ãóÇÊó ÇáúãóÌúÑõæÍõ ßóÇäó) Íõßúãõ ÇáúÞóÊúáö ËóÇÈöÊðÇ Úóáóì ÇáúÌóÇÑöÍö¡ æóÅöäú ßóÇäó ãóíøöÊðÇ íóæúãó ÕóÇÑóÊú ÇáúÌöÑóÇÍóÉõ äóÝúÓðÇ.(4/360)
ÝóÅöäú ÞóÇáó ÞóÇÆöáñ: ÎóÈøöÑúäöí Úóäú ÇáúãõÌúÊóåöÏö ÅÐóÇ ÇÓúÊóÞóÑøó ÑóÃúíõåõ Úóáóì ÔóíúÁò¡ ÃóíóáúÒóãõåõ ÇáúÍõßúãõ ÈöãóÇ íóÛúáöÈõ Ýöí Ùóäøöåö¡ ãöäú ÛóíúÑö Ãóäú íõáúÒöãóåõ äóÝúÓóåõ¿ Ãóæú áóÇ íõáúÒöãóåõ äóÝúÓóåõ ÈöãóÚúäðì íõÍóÏøöÏõåõ¿ Þöíáó áóåõ Ýöíåö æóÌúåóÇäö: ÃóÍóÏõåõãóÇ: Ãóäøóåõ íóáúÒóãõåõ ÇáúÍõßúãõ ÈöãóÇ ÛóáóÈó Ýöí Ùóäøöåö¡ æóáóÇ íóÍúÊóÇÌõ Åáóì Ãóäú íõáúÒöãóåõ åõæó äóÝúÓóåõ. æóÇáúÂÎóÑõ: Ãóäú áóÇ íóáúÒóãóåõ ÍóÊøóì íõáúÒöãóåõ åõæó äóÝúÓóåõ. Ýóãóäú ÞóÇáó ÈöÇáúÞóæúáö ÇáúÃóæøóáö: ÐóåóÈó Ýöíåö Åáóì Ãóäøóåõ ãóÊóì ÛóáóÈó (Ðóáößó) Ýöí Ùóäøöåö áóãú íóÌõÒú áóåõ ÇáúÚõÏõæáõ Úóäúåõ Åáóì ÛóíúÑöåö¡ ÝóÕóÇÑó ÈöãóäúÒöáóÉö ãóäú Þöíáó áóåõ ãöäú ÌöåóÉö ÇáäøóÕøö: ÃõäóÝøöÐõ åóÐóÇ ÇáúÍõßúãó¡ æóÇáúÊóÒóãóåõ¡ ÝóíóáúÒóãõåõ Ðóáößó¡ æóáóÇ íóÍúÊóÇÌõ Ýöí ÕöÍøóÉö áõÒõæãöåö Åáóì Ãóäú íõáúÒöãóåõ äóÝúÓóåõ. æóãóäú ÐóåóÈó Åáóì ÇáúÞóæúáö ÇáËøóÇäöí: ÐóåóÈó Åáóì Ãóäøó Ðóáößó ÅäøóãóÇ íóËúÈõÊõ ÚöäúÏóåõ ãöäú ØóÑöíÞö ÇáöÇÌúÊöåóÇÏö¡ æóÞóÏú íóÚúÑöÖõ áóåõ Ýöí ÇáúÍóÇáö ãóÇ íóáúÒóãõåõ ÇáöÇäúÕöÑóÇÝõ Úóäúåõ Åáóì ÛóíúÑöåö¡ ÝóÞóÏú íõáúÒöãõåõ ÍóÇßöãñ ÎöáóÇÝó ÑóÃúíöåö¡ ÝóíóáúÒóãõåõ ÇáúãóÕöíÑõ Åáóíúåö¡ æóÊóÑúßõ ÑóÃúíöåö áóåõ¡ æóãóÇ ßóÇäó åóÐóÇ æóÕúÝõåõ áóãú íóáúÒóãúåõ ÔóíúÁñ íóÎúÊóÇÑõ ÅáúÒóÇãóåõ äóÝúÓóåõ¡ ÝóÍöíäóÆöÐò íóáúÒóãõåõ¡ æóáóÇ íóÌõæÒõ áóåõ ÇáúÚõÏõæáõ Úóäúåõ.(4/361)
[ÈóÇÈõ ÇáúÞóæúáö Ýöí ÅËúÈóÇÊö ÇáúÃóÔúÈóåö ÇáúãóØúáõæÈö Ýöí ÇáöÇÌúÊöåóÇÏ]
ÈóÇÈõ: ÇáúÞóæúáö Ýöí ÅËúÈóÇÊö ÇáúÃóÔúÈóåö ÇáúãóØúáõæÈö ÞóÇáó ÃóÈõæ (ÈóßúÑò) :¡ ÇÎúÊóáóÝó ÇáúÞóÇÆöáõæäó ÈöÊóÕúæöíÈö ÇáúãõÌúÊóåöÏöíäó¡ æóÅöËúÈóÇÊö ÇáúÍóÞøö Ýöí ÌóãöíÚö (ÃóÞóÇæöíáö) ÇáúãõÎúÊóáöÝöíäó¡ ÝöíãóÇ ÓóÈöíáõåõ ãóÇ æóÕóÝúäóÇ ãöäú ÃóÍúßóÇãö ÍóæóÇÏöËö ÇáúÝõÊúíóÇ. (ÝóÞóÇáó) ÞóÇÆöáõæäó: áóíúÓó áöáúÃóÔúÈóåö ÍóÞöíÞóÉñ ÚöäúÏó Çááøóåö ÊóÚóÇáóì¡ æóÅöäøóãóÇ ÇáúÃóÔúÈóåõ (ãóÇ íóÛúáöÈõ) Ýöí Ùóäøö ÇáúãõÌúÊóåöÏö Ãóäøóåõ ÇáúÃóÔúÈóåõ¡ (æóßõáøöÝó ÅãúÖóÇÁó) ÇáúÍõßúãö Èöåö.
æóÃóãøóÇ (ÇáúÃõÕõæáõ) ÝóáóíúÓó ÔóíúÁñ ãöäúåóÇ ÃóÔúÈóåó ÈöÇáúÍóÇÏöËóÉö ãöäú ÇáúæóÌúåö ÇáøóÐöí íóÌöÈõ ÑóÏøõåóÇ Åáóíúåö ãöäú ÔóíúÁò.
æóÞóÇáó ÂÎóÑõæäó: áóÇ ÈõÏøó (ãöäú) Ãóäú íóßõæäó áöáúÃóÔúÈóåö ÍóÞöíÞóÉñ ãóÚúáõæãóÉñ ÚöäúÏó Çááøóåö ÊóÚóÇáóì ãöäú ÇáúÃõÕõæáö¡ íóÊóÍóÑøóÇåóÇ ÇáúãõÌúÊóåöÏõ¡ åõæó ÃóÔúÈóåõ ÇáúÃõÕõæáö ÈöÇáúÍóÇÏöËóÉö¡ ãöäú ÇáúæóÌúåö ÇáøóÐöí íóÞúÊóÖöí ÇáÑøóÏøó Åáóíúåö.
æóÞóÇáõæÇ ÈöÐóáößó Ýöí ÌóãöíÚö ÇáúÍóæóÇÏöËö¡ æóÃóäøóåõ áóÇ ÈõÏøó Ãóäú íóßõæäó Ýöí ÇáúÃõÕõæáö ãóÇ åõæó ÃóÔúÈóåõ ÈöåóÇ.(4/365)
æóÞóÇáó ÂÎóÑõæäó: áóÇ íóÌöÈõ Ðóáößó Ýöí ÌóãöíÚö ÇáúÍóæóÇÏöËö (ÏóÇÆöãðÇ) ¡ æóÅöäøóãóÇ íóÌöÈõ Ðóáößó Ýöí ÈóÚúÖöåóÇ áöÊóÕúÍöíÍö ÇáöÇÌúÊöåóÇÏö¡ æóÞóÏú ÐóßóÑúäóÇ ÝöíãóÇ ÓóáóÝó: Ãóäøóåõ ãóÐúåóÈõ ÃóÈöí ÚóÈúÏö Çááøóåö Èúäö ÒóíúÏò ÇáúæóÇÓöØöíøö¡ æóíõÓóãøöíå ÊóÞúæöíãó ÐóÇÊö ÇáöÇÌúÊöåóÇÏö¡ íóÚúäöí Ãóäøóåõ íóÕöÍøõ ÇáöÇÌúÊöåóÇÏõ¡ ÝóÅöÐóÇ ÚóáöãúäóÇ Ýöí ÇáúÃõÕõæáö ãóÇ åõæó ÃóÔúÈóåõ ÈöÈóÚúÖö ÇáúÍóæóÇÏöËö ÈöÛóíúÑö ÃóÚúíóÇäöåóÇ¡ ÝóäóÍúäõ äõÌóæøöÒõ Ýöí ßõáøö ÍóÇÏöËóÉò Ãóäú Êóßõæäó åöíó ÇáøóÊöí áóåóÇ ÃóÕúáñ åõæó ÃóÔúÈóåõ ÇáúÃõÕõæáö ÈöåóÇ¡ ÝóíóÕöÍøõ ÍöíäóÆöÐò ÇáöÇÌúÊöåóÇÏõ Ýöí ÇáØøóáóÈö.
ÞóÇáó ÃóÈõæ ÈóßúÑò: ÞóÏú ÐóßóÑúäóÇ Ýöí Ãóæøóáö ÇáöÇÌúÊöåóÇÏö¡ æóÍóßóíúäóÇ ÃóíúÖðÇ Úóäú ÃóÈöí ÇáúÍóÓóäö Ýöí ãóÚúäóì Þóæúáö ÃóÕúÍóÇÈöäóÇ: Ãóäøó ÇáúÍóÞøó ÚöäúÏó Çááøóåö ÊóÚóÇáóì Ýöí æóÇÍöÏò: Ãóäøó åõäóÇßó ÍóÞöíÞóÉñ ãóØúáõæÈóÉñ¡ íóÊóÍóÑøóì ÇáúãõÌúÊóåöÏõ ãõæóÇÝóÞóÊóåóÇ ÈöÇÌúÊöåóÇÏöåö¡ æóÅöäú áóãú íóßõäú ãõßóáøóÝðÇ áöÅöÕóÇÈóÊöåóÇ¡ æóÃóäøó ãóÇ ÚöäúÏó Çááøóåö ãöäú Ðóáößó åõæó ÇáúÃóÔúÈóåõ ÇáúãóØúáõæÈõ. áóÇ íõÍúÝóÙõ ÚöäúÏóåõãú ÇáúÞóæúáõ ÈöÊóÌúæöíÒö Ãóäú áóÇ íóßõæäó áöÈóÚúÖö ÇáúÍóæóÇÏöËö ãöäú ÇáúÃõÕõæáö ãóÇ åõæó ÃóÔúÈóåõ ÈöåóÇ¡ æóåõæó Þóæúáõåõãú: ÇáúÍóÞøõ ÚöäúÏó Çááøóåö ÊóÚóÇáóì Ýöí æóÇÍöÏò¡ íóÏõáøõ Úóáóì Ãóäøóåõãú áóãú íóÝúÕöáõæÇ Èóíúäó ÔóíúÁò ãöäúåóÇ Ýöí Ãóäøó áóåóÇ ãöäú ÇáúÃõÕõæáö ãóÇ åõæó ÃóÔúÈóåõ ÈöåóÇ.(4/366)
æóÇáÏøóáöíáõ Úóáóì Ãóäøó áöãóÇ íóÊóÍóÑøóÇåõ ÇáúãõÌúÊóåöÏõ ÍóÞöíÞóÉñ ãóÚúáõæãóÉñ ÚöäúÏó Çááøóåö ÚóÒøó æóÌóáøó¡ åõæó ÃóÔúÈóåõ ÇáúÃõÕõæáö ÈöÇáúÍóÇÏöËóÉö¡ æóÃóäøó Çááøóåó ÊóÚóÇáóì áóæú ßóÔóÝó áöáúãõÌúÊóåöÏö Úóäú ÇáúÃóÔúÈóåö ÈöÇáäøóÕøö (æóÇáÊøóæúÞöíÝö) áóßóÇäó Ðóáößó ÇáúãóØúáõæÈõ ÈöÇáöÇÌúÊöåóÇÏö. æóÅöäú áóãú íõßóáøóÝú ÅÕóÇÈóÊóåõ: (ãóÇ Íóßóì Çááøóåõ ÊóÚóÇáóì) Ýöí ÞöÕøóÉö ÏóÇæõÏ æóÓõáóíúãóÇäó - ÚóáóíúåöãóÇ ÇáÓøóáóÇãõ - æóÊóÎúÕöíÕöåö ÓõáóíúãóÇäó - Úóáóíúåö ÇáÓøóáóÇãõ - ÈöÇáúÝóåúãö¡ (ãóÚó ÅÎúÈóÇÑöåö) ÈöÅöíÊóÇÆöåöãóÇ ÇáúÍõßúãó æóÇáúÚöáúãó¡ ÝóÏóáøó Úóáóì Ãóäøó ÓõáóíúãóÇäó - Úóáóíúåö ÇáÓøóáóÇãõ - (ÞóÏú) ÃóÕóÇÈó ÔóíúÆðÇ áóãú íõÕöÈúåõ (ÏóÇæõÏ) - Úóáóíúåö ÇáÓøóáóÇãõ -.
ÝóËóÈóÊó Ãóäøó ãóÇ ÃóÕóÇÈóåõ ÓõáóíúãóÇäõ ßóÇäó ÇáúÃóÔúÈóåó ÇáúãóØúáõæÈó (ÇáøóÐöí ÊóÍóÑøóíóÇåõ) ÌóãöíÚðÇ ÈöÇÌúÊöåóÇÏöåöãóÇ¡ ÝóáóæúáóÇ Ãóäøó Ðóáößó ßóÐóáößó ßóÇäóÇ ãõÊóÓóÇæöíóíúäö Ýöí Ýóåúãö ÇáúÍóÇÏöËóÉö¡ (æóÅöÕóÇÈóÉö) ÇáúÃóÔúÈóåö.
æóßóÐóáößó ãóÇ Ñõæöíó Úóäú ÇáäøóÈöíøö - Õóáøóì Çááøóåõ Úóáóíúåö æóÓóáøóãó - Ãóäøóåõ ÞóÇáó: «ÅÐóÇ ÇÌúÊóåóÏó ÇáúÍóÇßöãõ ÝóÃóÕóÇÈó Ýóáóåõ ÃóÌúÑóÇäö¡ æóÅöÐóÇ ÇÌúÊóåóÏó ÝóÃóÎúØóÃó Ýóáóåõ ÃóÌúÑñ æóÇÍöÏñ» ¡ Ýóáóæú áóãú íóßõäú åõäóÇßó ãóØúáõæÈñ áóåõ ÍóÞöíÞóÉð íóÊóÍóÑøóÇåõ ÇáúãõÌúÊóåöÏóÇäö ÝóÑõÈøóãóÇ ÃóÕóÇÈóåõ ÃóÍóÏõåõãóÇ¡ æóÃóÎúØóÃóåõ ÇáúÂÎóÑõ¡ áóãóÇ ÕóÍøó ãóÚúäóì ÇáúßóáóÇãö¡ ÅÐú ÞóÏú ÚóáöãúäóÇ Ãóäøóåõ áóãú íõÑöÏú Èöåö ÎóØóÃó ÇáúÍõßúãö¡ ÝóËóÈóÊó Ãóäøó ÇáúãõÑóÇÏó ÎóØóÃõ ÇáúãóØúáõæÈö ÇáøóÐöí åõæó ÇáúÃóÔúÈóåõ¡ (Ãóæú Ãóäú íóßõæäó ÇáúãóØúáõæÈõ Èöåö æõÌõæÏó ÇáÔøóÈóåö) .
æóÃóíúÖðÇ: ÝóÅöäøóåõ áóÇ íóÎúáõæ ÇáúãóØúáõæÈõ ÈöÇáöÇÌúÊöåóÇÏö ãöäú Ãóäú íóßõæäó åõæó ÇáúÃóÔúÈóåõ¡ Ãóæú Ãóäú íóßõæäó ÇáúãóØúáõæÈõ Èöåö æõÌõæÏõ ÇáÔøóÈóåö Èóíúäó ÇáúÍóÇÏöËóÉö æóÈóíúäó ÇáúÃõÕõæáö¡ æóÅöäú áóãú íóßõäú ÚöäúÏó ÇáúãõÌúÊóåöÏö Ãóäøóåõ ÃóÔúÈóåõ.
æóÛóíúÑõ ÌóÇÆöÒò Ãóäú íóßõæäó ÇáúãóØúáõæÈõ Èöåö æõÌõæÏó ÇáÔøóÈóåö¡ áöÃóäøóåõ áóæú ßóÇäó ßóÐóáößó áóÓóÞóØó ÇáöÇÌúÊöåóÇÏõ¡ æóßóÇäó(4/367)
íóßõæäõ ÇáúÍõßúãõ ÍöíäóÆöÐò ÊóÇÈöÚðÇ áöæõÌõæÏö ÇáÔøóÈóåö¡ æóßóÇäó áößõáøö æóÇÍöÏò Ãóäú íóÑõÏøó ÇáúÍóÇÏöËóÉó Åáóì (ãóÇ ÔóÇÁó) ãöäú ÇáúÃõÕõæáö¡ áöæõÌõæÏö ÇáÔøóÈóåö ÈóíúäóåóÇ æóÈóíúäóåõ¡ ÅÐú áóíúÓóÊú ÊóÎúáõæ ÇáúÍóÇÏöËóÉõ ãöäú Ãóäú íóßõæäó áóåóÇ ÔóÈóåñ ãöäú ßõáøö ÃóÕúáò ãöäú æóÌúåò ãöäú ÇáúæõÌõæåö.
ÝóáóãøóÇ ÈóØóáó åóÐóÇ¡ ÚóáöãúäóÇ Ãóäøó ÇáúãõÌúÊóåöÏó ÅäøóãóÇ íóØúáõÈõ ÃóÔúÈóåó ÇáúÃõÕõæáö ÈöÇáúÍóÇÏöËóÉö. Ýóáóæú ßõäøóÇ ÞóÏú ÚóáöãúäóÇ Ãóäøóåõ áóíúÓó åõäóÇßó ÃóÔúÈóåõ áóÇÓúÊóÍóÇáó ØóáóÈõ ÇáúÃóÔúÈóåö¡ ãóÚó ÇáúÚöáúãö Ãóäøóåõ áóíúÓó åõäóÇßó ÃóÔúÈóåõ.
ÃóáóÇ ÊóÑóì: Ãóäøóåõ áóÇ íóÕöÍøõ Ãóäú íõßóáøóÝó ÊóÍóÑøöíó ÇáúßóÚúÈóÉö. æóáóíúÓó åõäóÇßó ßóÚúÈóÉñ¡ æóáóÇ íóÕöÍøõ Ãóäú íõßóáøóÝó Ñóãúíó ÇáúßóÇÝöÑö¡ æóáóíúÓó åõäóÇßó ãóÑúãðì ãóÞúÕõæÏðÇ ÈöÇáÑøóãúíö.
æóßóÐóáößó ãóÊóì ÇÓúÊóÚúãóáúäóÇ ÇáöÇÌúÊöåóÇÏó Ýöí ØóáóÈö ÚóÏóÇáóÉö ÇáÔøõåõæÏö¡ ÝóáóÇ ÈõÏøó ãöäú Ãóäú íóÊóÚóáøóÞó Ðóáößó ÈöãóØúáõæÈò åöíó ÇáúÚóÏóÇáóÉõ¡ æóÅöáøóÇ Ýóáóæú ÚóáöãúäóÇ áóíúÓó åõäóÇßó ÚóÏóÇáóÉñ áóãóÇ ÕóÍøó ÊóßúáöíÝõ ÇáöÇÌúÊöåóÇÏö Ýöí ØóáóÈöåóÇ¡ ßóÐóáößó áóæú ÚóáöãúäóÇ Ýöí Ùóäøö ÇáúãõÌúÊóåöÏö Ãóäøóåõ áóíúÓó åõäóÇßó ÃóÔúÈóåõ (áóÇÓúÊóÍóÇáó ÊóßúáöíÝñ) Ýöí ØóáóÈöåö.
ÃóáóÇ ÊóÑóì: Ãóäøóåõ ãóÊóì ÛóáóÈó Ýöí Ùóäøö ÇáúãõÌúÊóåöÏö ÃóÔúÈóåõ ÇáúÃõÕõæáö (ÈöÇáúÍóÇÏöËóÉö ÚöäúÏóåõ) ÝóÙóäøóåõ åóÐóÇ íóäúÈóÛöí Ãóäú íóßõæäó ãõÊóÚóáøöÞðÇ ÈöãóÙúäõæäò¡ æóÅöáøóÇ áóãú íóÕöÍøó¡ áöÃóäøó (ÇáúãõÌúÊóåöÏó áóíúÓó íóÊóßóáøóÝõ) ÇáöÇÌúÊöåóÇÏó áöíõÄóÏøöíóåõ ÇÌúÊöåóÇÏóåõ Åáóì Ãóäøóåõ ÙóÇäøñ¡ áöÃóäøóåõ ÞóÏú (ÍóÕóáó áóåõ ÇáÙøóäøõ) ãöäú ÌöåóÉö ÇáúíóÞöíäö¡ ÝóæóÌóÈó Ãóäú íóßõæäó Ùóäøõåõ ãõÊóÚóáøöÞðÇ ÈöãóÙúäõæäò¡ åõæó (ÇáúÍóÞöíÞóÉõ) ÇáúãóØúáõæÈóÉõ ÈöÇáöÇÌúÊöåóÇÏö.
ÃóáóÇ ÊóÑóì Ãóäøóåõ áóÇ íóÕöÍøõ Ãóäú íóÞõæáó: Ýöí ÛóÇáöÈö Ùóäøöí (Ãóäøöí ãõÕöíÈò) áöáÙøóäøö¡ æóÅöäøóãóÇ íóÞõæáõ: Ýöí(4/368)
ÛóÇáöÈö Ùóäøöí Ãóäøöí ãõÕöíÈñ áöáúÍóÞöíÞóÉö¡ ÝóÅöÐóÇ áóãú íóßõäú áöáÔøóíúÁö (ÚöäúÏóåõ) ÍóÞöíÞóÉñ ãóØúáõæÈóÉñ¡ ÝóÇáöÇÌúÊöåóÇÏõ ÓóÇÞöØñ Ýöí ØóáóÈö ãóÇ ÞóÏú Úóáöãó Ãóäøóåõ ÛóíúÑõ ãóæúÌõæÏò.
ÝóÅöäú ÞóÇáó ÞóÇÆöáñ: ÇáÏøóáöíáõ Úóáóì ÇáúÃóÔúÈóåö ÛóíúÑõ ãõÊóÚóáøöÞò ÈöÇáúÃõÕõæáö ÇáúãóÞöíÓö ÚóáóíúåóÇ¡ æóÅöäøóãóÇ åõæó ãõÊóÚóáøöÞñ ÈöÙóäøö ÇáúãõÌúÊóåöÏö: Ãóäøó ÇáúÞóÇÆöÓöíäó ÞóÏú ÇÎúÊóáóÝõæÇ Ýöí ÊóÍúÑöíãö (ÚöáøóÉö) ÇáÊøóÝóÇÖõáö Ýöí ÇáúÃóÕúäóÇÝö ÇáÓøöÊøóÉö Úóáóì ÇáúæõÌõæåö ÇáúãóÚúáõæãóÉö: ãöäú ÇÚúÊöÈóÇÑö Çáúßóíúáö¡ Ãóæú ÇáúæóÒúäö¡ Ãóæú ÇáúÃóßúáö¡ Ãóæú ÇáöÇÞúÊöíóÇÊö¡ ãóÚó ÇáúÌöäúÓö¡ æóãóÚúáõæãñ Ãóäøó ÃóÍóÏó åóÐöåö ÇáúæõÌõæåö áóíúÓó ÈöÃóÔúÈóåó ÈöãóÇ íõÞóÇÓõ Úóáóíúåö Èöåö ãöäú ÈóÚúÖò¡ Èóáú åöíó Ýöí ÇáÔøóÈóåö ÈöÇáúÍóÇÏöËóÉö ãõÊóÓóÇæöíóÉñ¡ áóÇ ãóÒöíøóÉó áöÈóÚúÖöåóÇ Úóáóì ÈóÚúÖò ãöäú åóÐóÇ ÇáúæóÌúåö¡ ÕóÍøó Ãóäøó ÇáúãõÚúÊóÈóÑó Ýöí Ðóáößó æõÌõæÏõ ãóÇ íóÍúÕõáõ Ýöí Ùóäøö ÇáúãõÌúÊóåöÏö Ãóäøóåõ ÃóÔúÈóåó.
ÇáúÌóæóÇÈõ: Ãóäøó åóÐóÇ ÛóáóØñ ãöäú ÞóÇÆöáöåö Úóáóì ãóÐúåóÈö ÇáúÞóæúãö¡ æóÐóáößó áöÃóäøóåõ Ùóäøó Ãóäøóåõãú íóÚúÊóÈöÑõæäó ÇáúÃóÔúÈóåó ãöäú ÌöåóÉö ÇáÕøõæÑóÉö æóÇáúåóíúÆóÉö æóäóÍúæöåóÇ¡ æóáóíúÓó Ðóáößó (ßóÐóáößó) ¡ ÚöäúÏó ÃóÕúÍóÇÈöäóÇ ÏóÇÆöãðÇ íõÚúÊóÈóÑõ ÇáúÃóÔúÈóåõ ãöäú ØóÑöíÞö ãóÇ íóÊóÚóáøóÞõ Èöåö ãöäú ÇáúÍõßúãö¡ æóÇáúßóíúáõ æóÇáúæóÒúäõ ÃóÔúÈóåõ ÚöäúÏóåõãú ÝöíãóÇ íóÊóÚóáøóÞõ ÈöåöãóÇ. ãöäú ÇáúÃóßúáö æóÇáöÇÞúÊöíóÇÊö.
æóÅöÐóÇ ßóÇäó ßóÐóáößó áóãú íõÞóÏøóãú ãóÇ ÐóßóÑõæåõ ÝöíãóÇ æóÕóÝúäóÇ¡ æóÓóáöãó áóäóÇ ÇáúÃóÕúáõ ÇáøóÐöí ÞóÏøóãúäóÇ.
ÝóÅöäú ÞóÇáó: Åäøó ãóÇ ÐóßóÑúÊ ãöäú ÊóÚóáøõÞö ÇáúÍõßúãö ÅäøóãóÇ åõæó ßóáóÇãñ Ýöí Ïóáöíáö ÇáúÚöáøóÉö¡ áóÇ Ýöí ÇáúÚöáøóÉö äóÝúÓöåóÇ¡ æóÇáúÞöíóÇÓõ ÅäøóãóÇ íóÞóÚõ Úóáóì ÇáúÚöáøóÉö áóÇ Úóáóì ÏóáöíáöåóÇ.
Þöíáó áóåõ: æóåóÐóÇ ÛóáóØñ ËóÇäò¡ áöÃóäøó Çáúßóíúáó æóÇáúæóÒúäó ÅäøóãóÇ ÕóÇÑóÇ ÚöáøóÉð áöÃóäøóåõãóÇ ÈöåóÐóÇ ÇáúæóÕúÝö ÇáøóÐöí ÐóßóÑúäóÇ ãöäú ÊóÚóáøõÞö ÇáúÍõßúãö ÈöåöãóÇ¡ ÝóÅöÐóÇ ßóÇäó ÊóÚóáøóÞó ÇáúÍõßúãõ ÈöÇáúßóíúáö æóÇáúæóÒúäö æóÕúÝðÇ ãöäú ÃóæúÕóÇÝöåöãóÇ ßóÇäóÇ ÃóÔúÈóåó ÈöÇáúÍóÇÏöËóÉö ãöäú ÇáúÃóßúáö æóÇáöÇÞúÊöíóÇÊö ãöäú ÈóÇÈö ÊóÚóáøõÞö ÇáúÍõßúãö ÈöåöãóÇ.(4/369)
ÝóÊóÈóíøóäó ÈöãóÇ æóÕóÝúäóÇ Ãóäøó ÇáúÃóÔúÈóåó ÅäøóãóÇ åõæó ÕöÝóÉñ ÑóÇÌöÚóÉñ Åáóì ÇáúÃóÕúáö ÇáúãóÞöíÓö (Úóáóíúåö áóÇ Åáóì) Ùóäøö ÇáúãõÌúÊóåöÏö¡ Ëõãøó äóÞúáöÈõ Úóáóíúåö¡ åóÐóÇ ÇáÓøõÄóÇáó ÝöíãóÇ (íóÚúÊóÈöÑõåõ åóÐóÇ ÇáúÞóÇÆöáõ ãöäú) ÇáúÃóÔúÈóåö Ýöí Ùóäøö ÇáúãõÌúÊóåöÏö.
ÝóíõÞóÇáõ áóåõ: ÎóÈøöÑúäóÇ Úóäú Çáúßóíúáö Ãóæú ÇáúÃóßúáö Ãóæú ÇáöÇÞúÊöíóÇÊö¡ ÃóíóÞõæáõ: Åäøó ÈóÚúÖó åóÐöåö ÇáúÃóæúÕóÇÝö ÃóÔúÈóåõ Ýöí Ùóäøö ÇáúãõÌúÊóåöÏö ÈöÇáúÈõÑøö æóÇáÊøóãúÑö (ãöäú ÈóÚúÖöåö) ¿ ÝóÅöäú ÞóÇáó: äóÚóãú.
Þöíáó áóåõ: æóßóíúÝó íóÌõæÒõ Ãóäú íóÙõäøó Ðóáößó¿ æóãóÚúáõæãñ Ãóäøó (ÔóÈóåó ÇáúÃóÑõÒøö ÈöÇáúÈõÑøö) Ýöí ßóæúäöåöãóÇ ãóßöíáóíúäö áöÔóÈóåöåö Èöåö Ýöí ßóæúäöåöãóÇ ãóÃúßõæáóíúäö æóãõÞúÊóÇÊóíúäö (æóãõÏøóÎóÑóíúäö) ÝóÛóáóÈóÉõ ÇáÙøóäøö Ýöí åóÐóÇ ÇáúæóÌúåö ÓóÇÞöØñ.
ÝóÅöÐðÇ (áóÇ) ÇÚúÊöÈóÇÑó Ýöí Ðóáößó ÈöÍõÕõæáö (ÇáúÃóÔúÈóåö) (ÛóíúÑó åóÐóÇ ÇáúæóÌúåö) ¡ Çááøóåõãøó ÅáøóÇ Ãóäú íóÓúÞõØó ÇÚúÊöÈóÇÑõ ÇáúÃóÔúÈóåö¡ æóíõÚúÊóÈóÑó æõÌõæÏõ (ÇáÔøóÈóåö) ÝóÍóÓúÈõ. ÝóíõÄóÏøöíß åóÐóÇ Åáóì ÅÓúÞóÇØö ÇáöÇÌúÊöåóÇÏö ÑóÃúÓðÇ¡ ÑóÏøõ ÇáúÍóÇÏöËóÉö Åáóì Ãóíøö ÇáúÃõÕõæáö ÔóÇÁó ÇáúÞóÇÆöÓõ¡ áöæõÌõæÏö ÇáÔøóÈóåö ÈóíúäóåóÇ æóÈóíúäóåõ ãöäú æóÌúåò ãöäú ÇáúæõÌõæåö¡ æóåóÐóÇ Þóæúáñ ÎóÇÑöÌñ Úóäú ÃóÞóÇæöíáö ÇáúÝõÞóåóÇÁö.
ÝóÅöäú ÞóÇáó ÞóÇÆöáñ: ÃóáóíúÓó ÞóÏú ÌóÇÒó Ãóäú íóÊóÚóÈøóÏóäóÇ Çááøóåõ ÊóÚóÇáóì ÈöÇáöÇÌúÊöåóÇÏö Ýöí ØóáóÈö ÚóÏóÇáóÉö ÇáÔøóÇåöÏö¡ æóÅöäøó Úöáúãó Çááøóåö ÊóÚóÇáóì Ãóäøóåõ áóíúÓó åõäóÇßó ÚóÏóÇáóÉñ¡ ÝóãóÇ ÃóäúßóÑúÊõãú Ãóäú íóßõæäó ßóÐóáößó (Íõßúãõ) ÇáúÍóæóÇÏöËö¿
Þöíáó áóåõ: áóæú áóãú äóÙõäøó Ãóäøó åõäóÇßó ÚóÏóÇáóÉñ áóãóÇ ÕóÍøó ÊóßóáøõÝóäóÇ ÇáöÇÌúÊöåóÇÏó Ýöí ØóáóÈöåóÇ.(4/370)
ÃóáóÇ ÊóÑóì: Ãóäøóåõ áóÇ íóÕöÍøõ Ãóäú íõßóáøöÝóäóÇ (ØóáóÈó) ÚóÏóÇáóÉö ÇáúÝóÇÓöÞö ÇáøóÐöí ÞóÏú Úóáöãó ÈöÝöÓúÞöåö¡ æóÅöäøóãóÇ ÕóÍøó ÇáöÇÌúÊöåóÇÏõ áöÃóäøóäóÇ ÙóäóäøóÇ Ãóäøó åõäóÇßó ÚóÏóÇáóÉð ÝóÇÌúÊóåóÏúäóÇ Ýöí ØóáóÈöåóÇ.
Ýóåóáú ÊóÞõæáõ ÃóäúÊó Ýöí Íõßúãö ÇáúÍóÇÏöËóÉö: Åäøöí ÃóÙõäøõ Ýöí ÇáúÃõÕõæáö ãóÇ åõæó ÃóÔúÈóåõ ÈöåóÇ Ýöí ÇáúÍóÞöíÞóÉö¿ .
ÝóÅöäú ÞõáúÊ åóÐóÇ: ÝóÞóÏú ÊóÑóßúÊ Þóæúáóß: Ýöí Ãóäøó ÇáúÃóÔúÈóåó ÅäøóãóÇ íóÊúÈóÚõ Ùóäøó ÇáúãõÌúÊóåöÏö¡ áóÇ ÇáúÃóÕúáó ÇáúãóØúáõæÈó Ýöí ÑóÏøö ÇáúÍóÇÏöËóÉö Åáóíúåö¡ æóÅöäú ÃóÞóãúÊ Úóáóì Þóæúáöß: Åäøóåõ áóíúÓó åõäóÇßó ÃóÔúÈóåó Ýöí ÇáúÍóÞöíÞóÉö¡ æóáóãú íóÕöÍøó áóß ÇáöÇÓúÊöÔúåóÇÏõ ÈöãóÓúÃóáóÉö ÇáúãõÊóÍóÑøöí Ýöí ØóáóÈö ÚóÏóÇáóÉö ÇáÔøõåõæÏö¡ Èóáú ßóÇäóÊú ÔóÇåöÏóÉð Úóáóíúß¡ ãöäú ÍóíúËõ áóæú ÚóáöãúäóÇ Ãóäú áóÇ ÚóÏóÇáóÉó áóãóÇ ÕóÍøó ÇáöÇÌúÊöåóÇÏõ Ýöí ØóáóÈöåóÇ.(4/371)
[ÝóÕúáñ ÝöíãóÇ íõæÌöÈõåõ ÇáöÇÌúÊöåóÇÏõ ãöäú ÇáúÃóÍúßóÇãö]
ÝóÕúáñ
ÇÎúÊóáóÝó Ãóåúáõ ÇáúÚöáúãö ÝöíãóÇ íõæÌöÈõåõ ÇáöÇÌúÊöåóÇÏõ ãöäú ÇáúÃóÍúßóÇãö¡ åóáú íõÓóãøóì ÏöíäðÇ áöáøóåö ÊóÚóÇáóì¿ ÝóÞóÇáó ÞóÇÆöáõæäó: (áóÇ íõÞóÇáõ: Åäøóåõ Ïöíäñ) áöáøóåö ÊóÚóÇáóì¡ áöÃóäøóåõ íõæÌöÈõ Ãóäú íóßõæäó Çááøóåõ ÊóÚóÇáóì ÞóÏú ÔóÑóÚó áóäóÇ ÃóÏúíóÇäðÇ ãõÎúÊóáöÝóÉð¡ Úóáóì ÍóÓóÈö ÇÎúÊöáóÇÝö ÇáúãõÌúÊóåöÏöíäó.
æóíóáúÒóãõ ÞóÇÆöáóåõ ÃóíúÖðÇ: Ãóäú íóÞõæáó: Åäøó Ïöíäó Çááøóåö ÊóÚóÇáóì íóÍöáøõ ÊóÑúßõåõ æóÇáúÚõÏõæáõ Úóäúåõ¡ æóáóæú ÌóÇÒó ÊóÑúßõ Ïöíäö Çááøóåö ÊóÚóÇáóì áóÌóÇÒóÊú ãõÎóÇáóÝóÉõ ÇáÑøóÓõæáö - Õóáøóì Çááøóåõ Úóáóíúåö æóÓóáøóãó -.
æóãöäú ÇáäøóÇÓö ãóäú íõØúáöÞõ Ãóäøóåõ Ïöíäõ Çááøóåö ÊóÚóÇáóì¡ áöÃóäøóåõ áóæú áóãú íóßõäú ÏöíäðÇ áöáøóåö ÊóÚóÇáóì áóßóÇäó Ýöíåö ÅÍúáóÇáõ ÇáúÝõÑõæÌö æóÇáÏøöãóÇÁö æóÇáúÃóãúæóÇáö ÈöÛóíúÑö Ïöíäö Çááøóåö ÊóÚóÇáóì.
ÞóÇáó ÃóÈõæ ÈóßúÑò: æóÇáÕøóÍöíÍõ Ãóäøóåõ Ïöíäñ áöáøóåö ÊóÚóÇáóì (æóãóäú ÃóÈóì ÅØúáóÇÞó Ðóáößó ÝóÅöäøóãóÇ ÎóÇáóÝó Ýöí ÇáöÇÓúãö áóÇ Ýöí ÇáúãóÚúäóì¡ áöÃóäøó ÃóÕúÍóÇÈó ÇáöÇÌúÊöåóÇÏö ßõáøõåõãú ãõÌúãöÚõæäó Ãóäøó Çááøóåó ÊóÚóÇáóì) ÞóÏú ÝóÑóÖó ÇáúÞóæúáó Èöåö Úóáóì ãóäú ÃóÏøóÇåõ Åáóíúåö ÇÌúÊöåóÇÏõåõ¡ æóÃóäøó ÇáúÚóÇãöáó Èöåö ÚóÇãöáñ ãöäú Çááøóåö ÊóÚóÇáóì¡ æóãóÇ ÃóáúÒóãõæäóÇ ãöäú ÅíÌóÇÈö Ãóäøó áöáøóåö ÊóÚóÇáóì ÃóÏúíóÇäðÇ ãõÎúÊóáöÝóÉð¡ ÝóÅöäøóåõ áóÇ íóáúÒóãõ¡ áöÃóäøó ÇÎúÊöáóÇÝó ÇáúÝõÑõæÖö ãöäú ÌöåóÉö ÇáäøóÕøö áóãú íõáúÒöãúåõãú (Ðóáößó) .
ßóÐóáößó ÅÐóÇ ÞõáúäóÇ ãöäú ÌöåóÉö ÇáöÇÌúÊöåóÇÏö: áóãú íóáúÒóãúäóÇ¡ æóÅöäøóãóÇ íóãúÊóäöÚõ ÅØúáóÇÞõ Ðóáößó Úóáóì ãóÐúåóÈö ãóäú íóÌúÚóáõ ÇáúÍóÞøó Ýöí æóÇÍöÏò¡ æóãóÇ ÚóÏóÇåõ ÎóØóÃð¡ ÝóáóÇ íõØúáóÞõ: Ãóäøóåõ Ïöíäñ áöáøóåö ÊóÚóÇáóì¡ áöÃóäøóåõ áóÇ íóÃúãóäõ Ãóäú íóßõæäó ãóÇ ÃóÏøóÇåõ Åáóíúåö ÇÌúÊöåóÇÏõåõ ÎóØóÃð¡ áóíúÓó åõæó ÇáúÍõßúãó ÇáúãóØúáõæÈó.
ÝóÃóãøóÇ ãóäú ÃóÚúØóì Ãóäøóåõ ãõÕöíÈñ áöáúÍóÞøö ÚöäúÏó Çááøóåö ÊóÚóÇáóì¡ æóÃóäøó Íõßúãó Çááøóåö ÊóÚóÇáóì Úóáóì ßõáøö æóÇÍöÏò Ýöí ÃóÍúßóÇãö ÇáúÍóæóÇÏöËö ãóÇ ÃóÏøóÇåõ Åáóíúåö ÇÌúÊöåóÇÏõåõ¡ ÝóáóÇ æóÌúåó áöÇãúÊöäóÇÚöåö ãöäú ÅØúáóÇÞö ÇáúÞóæúáö: ÈöÃóäøó ãóÇ ÝóÑóÖóåõ Çááøóåõ ÊóÚóÇáóì Úóáóíúåö ãöäú åóÐóÇ ÇáúæóÌúåö åõæó Ïöíäõ Çááøóåö ÊóÚóÇáóì.(4/372)
[ÈóÇÈõ ÇáúßóáóÇãö Úóáóì ÚõÈóíúÏö Çááøóåö Èúäö ÇáúÍóÓóäö ÇáúÚóäúÈóÑöíøö]
øö ÞóÇáó ÃóÈõæ ÈóßúÑò: ÒóÚóãó ÚõÈóíúÏõ Çááøóåö ÇáúÚóäúÈóÑöíøõ: Ãóäøó ÇÎúÊöáóÇÝó Ãóåúáö ÇáúãöáøóÉö Ýöí ÇáúÚóÏúáö æóÇáúÌóÈúÑö¡ æóÝöí ÇáÊøóæúÍöíÏö æóÇáÊøóÔúÈöíåö¡ æóÇáúÅöÑúÌóÇÁö æóÇáúæóÚöíÏö¡ æóÝöí ÇáúÃóÓúãóÇÁö¡ æóÇáúÃóÍúßóÇãö¡ æóÓóÇÆöÑö ãóÇ ÇÎúÊóáóÝõæÇ Ýöíåö. ßõáøõåõ ÍóÞøñ æóÕóæóÇÈñ. ÅÐú ßõáøõ ÞóÇÆöáò ãöäúåõãú ÝóÅöäøóãóÇ ÇÚúÊóÞóÏó ãóÇ ÕóÇÑó Åáóíúåö ãöäú ÌöåóÉö ÊóÃúæöíáö ÇáúßöÊóÇÈö æóÇáÓøõäøóÉö¡ ÝóÌóãöíÚõåõãú ãõÕöíÈõæäó¡ áöÃóäøó ßõáøó æóÇÍöÏò ãöäúåõãú ßõáøöÝó Ãóäú íóÞõæáó Ýöíåö ÈöãóÇ ÛóáóÈó Ýöí Ùóäøöåö¡ æóÇÓúÊóæúáóì Úóáóíúåö ÑóÃúíõåõ¡ æóáóãú íõßóáøóÝú Ýöíåö Úöáúãó ÇáúãõÛóíøóÈö ÚöäúÏó Çááøóåö ÊóÚóÇáóì¡ Úóáóì ÍóÓóÈö ãóÇ ÞõáúäóÇ Ýöí Íõßúãö ÇáúãõÌúÊóåöÏöíäó Ýöí ÃóÍúßóÇãö ÍóæóÇÏöËö ÇáúÝõÊúíóÇ.(4/375)
ÞóÇáó ÃóÈõæ ÈóßúÑò: æóåóÐóÇ ãóÐúåóÈñ ÝóÇÓöÏñ ÙóÇåöÑõ ÇáöÇäúÍöáóÇáö. æóÇáúÃóÕúáõ Ýöíåö: Ãóäøó ÇáÊøóßúáöíÝó ãöäú ØóÑöíÞö ÇáöÇÌúÊöåóÇÏö ÅäøóãóÇ íóÕöÍøõ Úóáóì ÇáúæóÌúåö ÇáøóÐöí íóÕöÍøõ æõÑõæÏõ ÇáäøóÕøö Èöåö¡ (æóßõáøõ ãóÇ) ÃóÌóÒúäóÇ Ýöíåö ÇáöÇÌúÊöåóÇÏó¡ æóÕóæøóÈúäóÇ Ýöíåö ÇáúãõÌúÊóåöÏöíäó Úóáóì ÇÎúÊöáóÇÝöåöãú Ýöíåö¡ ÝóÅöäøóãóÇ ÃóÌóÒúäóÇåõ Úóáóì æóÌúåò íóÌõæÒõ æõÑõæÏõ ÇáäøóÕøö ÈöãöËúáöåö ãöäú ÇáúÃóÍúßóÇãö ÇáúãõÎúÊóáöÝóÉö.
ÝóÃóãøóÇ ÇáúÚóÏúáõ æóÇáúÌóÈúÑõ¡ æóÇáÊøóæúÍöíÏõ æóÇáÊøóÔúÈöíåõ æóäóÍúæõ Ðóáößó¡ ÝóÅöäøóåõ ÛóíúÑõ ÌóÇÆöÒò æõÑõæÏõ ÇáäøóÕøö Ýöíåö ÈöÌóãöíÚö ÃóÞóÇæöíáö ÇáúãõÎúÊóáöÝöíäó. æóÇóáøóÐöí ßõáøöÝó ÇáúãõÎúÊóáöÝõæäó Ýöíåö ÇÚúÊöÞóÇÏó ßõáøö ÔóíúÁò ãöäúåõ Úóáóì ãóÇ åõæó Úóáóíúåö¡ æóíóÓúÊóÍöíáõ æõÑõæÏõ ÇáäøóÕøö ÈöÊóßúáöíÝö ÈóÚúÖö ÇáäøóÇÓö ÇáúÞóæúáó ÈöÇáúÚóÏúáö¡ æóÂÎóÑöíäó ÇáúÞóæúáó ÈöÇáúÌóÈúÑö¡ æóÈöÊóßúáöíÝö ÈóÚúÖöåöãú ÇáúÞóæúáó ÈöÇáÊøóæúÍöíÏö¡ æóÂÎóÑó ÇáúÞóæúáó ÈöÇáÊøóÔúÈöíåö.(4/376)
æóßóÐóáößó ÓóÇÆöÑõ ãóÇ ÇÎúÊóáóÝó Ýöíåö Ãóåúáõ ÇáúãöáøóÉö ãöäú ÕöÝóÇÊö Çááøóåö ÊóÚóÇáóì æóÃóÓúãóÇÆöåö¡ áöÊóäóÇÞõÖö ÇáúÞóæúáö Èöåö¡ æóÇÓúÊöÍóÇáóÊöåö.
ÝóáóãøóÇ ßóÇäó Ðóáößó ßóÐóáößó áóãú íóÌõÒú Ãóäú íõßóáøóÝõæÇ ÇáúÞóæúáó ÈöÇáúãóÐóÇåöÈö ÇáúãõÎúÊóáöÝóÉö¡ ãöäú ØóÑöíÞö ÇáäøóÙóÑö æóÇáöÇÌúÊöåóÇÏö æóÚóáóíúåö ÇáÑøóÃúíõ¡ æóÌóÇÒó ÊóßúáöíÝõåõãú ÇáúÞóæúáó ÈöÃóÍúßóÇãö ÇáúÍóæóÇÏöËö Úóáóì ãóÇ íõÄóÏøöíåöãú Åáóíúåö ÇáöÇÌúÊöåóÇÏõ¡ áöÌóæóÇÒö æõÑõæÏö ÇáäøóÕøö (Èöåö) ¡ Úóáóì ÇáúæõÌõæåö ÇáúãõÎúÊóáöÝóÉö. æóãöäú ÌöåóÉò ÃõÎúÑóì: Åäøó ÇáúÞóÇÆöáöíäó ÈöåóÐöåö ÇáúãóÐóÇåöÈö ãöäú Ãóåúáö ÇáúãöáøóÉö Úóáóì ÇÎúÊöáóÇÝöåöãú ÝöíåóÇ¡ ãõÊøóÝöÞõæäó ÞóÈúáó ÚõÈóíúÏö Çááøóåö Èúäö ÍóÓóäò Úóáóì ÅíÌóÇÈö ÇáÊøóÃúËöíãö æóÇáÊøóÖúáöíáö ÈöÇáúÎöáóÇÝö ÝöíåóÇ¡ Ýóãóäú ÕóæøóÈó ÇáúÌóãöíÚó ãöäú ÇáúãõÎúÊóáöÝöíäó Ýóåõæó ÎóÇÑöÌñ ÚóãøóÇ ÇäúÚóÞóÏó Èöåö ÅÌúãóÇÚõ ÇáúÌóãöíÚö.
æóãöäú ÌöåóÉò ÃõÎúÑóì: ÅäøóÇ ÞóÏú ÚóáöãúäóÇ ÍóÞöíÞóÉó ÕöÍøóÉö ãóÇ ÇÚúÊóÞóÏúäóÇåõ Ýöí åóÐöåö ÇáúÃõãõæÑö¡ ÈöÏóáóÇÆöáó ÙóÇåöÑóÉò ãóÚúÞõæáóÉò ßóÏóáóÇÆöáö ÇáÊøóæúÍöíÏö¡ ÅËúÈóÇÊõ ÇáÕøóÇäöÚö ÇáúÞóÏöíãö¡ æóÃóäøóåõ ÚóÏúáñ áóÇ íóÌõæÑõ¡ æóÊóËúÈöíÊõ ÇáÑøõÓõáö - Úóáóíúåöãú ÇáÓøóáóÇãõ -¡ æóäóÍúæöåóÇ.
ÝóáóãøóÇ ßóÇäó Çááøóåõ ÊóÚóÇáóì ÞóÏú ÃóÞóÇãó Úóáóì ÍóÞóÇÆöÞö åóÐöåö ÇáúÃõãõæÑö ÃóÏöáøóÉð ÊõæÌöÈõ ÇáúÚöáúãó ÈöãóÏúáõæáóÇÊöåóÇ Úóáóì ÇáúæóÌúåö ÇáøóÐöí ÐóßóÑúäóÇ¡ áóãú íóÌõÒú Ãóäú íóßõæäó ÇáÐøóÇåöÈõ Úóäú ÇáÏøóáöíáö ãõÕöíÈðÇ¡ ÅÐú ÞóÏú ÌõÚöáó áóåõ ÇáÓøóÈöíáõ Åáóì ÅÕóÇÈóÉö ÇáúÍóÞöíÞóÉö ãöäú ÌöåóÉö ÅÞóÇãóÉö ÇáÏøóáóÇáóÉö.
æóÃóíúÖðÇ: ÝóáóãøóÇ ßóÇäó ÇáÊøóßúáöíÝõ Ýöí åóÐöåö ÇáúÃõãõæÑö ãõÊóÚóáøöÞðÇ ÈöÇáöÇÚúÊöÞóÇÏö. Ýóáóæú ßóÇäó Çááøóåõ ÊóÚóÇáóì ÞóÏú ÃóÑóÇÏó ãöäú ÇáúÌóÈúÑöíøö æóÇáúãõÔóÈøöåö ÇÚúÊöÞóÇÏó ãóÇ ÇÚúÊóÞóÏóåõ¡ áóßóÇäó ãõÈöíÍðÇ áöáúÌóåúáö Èöåö æóÈöÕöÝóÇÊöåö.
æóáóæú ÌóÇÒó Ðóáößó áóÌóÇÒó ãöäúåõ ÅÈóÇÍóÉõ ÇáúÌóåúáö Èöåö¡ æóÈößóæúäöåö ÕóÇäöÚðÇ ÞóÏöíãðÇ¡ æóáóæú ÌóÇÒó ãöäúåõ ÅÈóÇÍóÉõ ÇáúÌóåúáö áöáúãõßóáøóÝöíäó ÈöÐóáößó áóÌóÇÒó ãöäúåõ Ãóäú íóÃúãõÑó ÈöÇáúÌóåúáö (Èöåö) ¡ ÝóáóãøóÇ ÈóØóáó Ðóáößó ÚóáöãúäóÇ Ãóäøó ÇáúÍóÞøó (Ýöí) æóÇÍöÏò ãöäú ÃóÞóÇæöíáö ÇáúãõÎúÊóáöÝöíäó Ýöíåö¡ æóåõæó ãóÇ ÞóÇãóÊú ÏóáóÇáóÊõåõ æóËóÈóÊóÊú ÍõÌøóÊõåõ¡ æóÃóäøó ãóäú ÎóÇáóÝó Ýöíåö. æóÚóÏóáó Úóäúåõ¡ Ýóåõæó ÖóÇáøñ ÛóíúÑõ ãõåúÊóÏò.(4/377)
æóÃóíúÖðÇ: ÝóáóÇ íóÎúáõæ ÇáúÞóÇÆöáõ ÈöÐóáößó ãöäú Ãóäú íõÌóæøöÒó Úóáóì Çááøóåö ÊóÚóÇáóì ÊóßúáöíÝó ÇáúãõÌúÊóåöÏöíäó Ýöíåö ÇáúÚöáúãó ÈöÍóÞöíÞóÉö ÇáúÞóæúáóíúäö¡ ÍóÊøóì íóßõæäó ãõßóáøöÝðÇ áößõáøö æóÇÍöÏò ãöäúåõãú ÕöÍøóÉó æõÞõæÚö ÇáúÚöáúãö ÈöÍóÞöíÞóÉö ãóÇ ÃóÏøóÇåõ Åáóíúåö ÇÌúÊöåóÇÏõåõ æóäóÙóÑõåõ¡ Úóáóì ÇÎúÊöáóÇÝö ÇáúãóÞóÇáóÊóíúäö¡ æóÊóÖóÇÏøö ÇáúãóÐúåóÈóíúäö¡ Ãóæú íõßóáøóÝó ßõáøõ æóÇÍöÏò ãöäúåõãú ÇáÙøóäøó ÈöãóÇ ÃóÏøóÇåõ Åáóíúåö ÇÌúÊöåóÇÏõåõ¡ Ïõæäó ÍóÞöíÞóÉö ÇáúÚöáúãö.
ÝóÅöäú ßóÇäó ÊóßúáöíÝõåõ ÅíøóÇåõãóÇ ãõÊóÚóáøöÞðÇ ÈöÍóÞöíÞóÉö ÇáúÚöáúãö¡ ÝóÅöäøóÇ ÞóÏú ÚóáöãúäóÇ Ãóäøó ÍóÞöíÞóÉó ÇáúÚöáúãö æóÇÍöÏóÉñ¡ áóÇ íóÌõæÒõ Ãóäú íóÊóÚóáøóÞó ÈöåóÇ ÚöáúãóÇäö ãõÊóÖóÇÏøóÇäö¡ ÝóÊóßõæäõ ãóÚúáõæãóÉð ãöäú Êöáúßó ÇáúÌöåóÉö ÈöÇáúÚöáúãóíúäö. ßóãóÇ áóÇ íóÌõæÒõ Ãóäú íóßõæäó áöáÔøóíúÁö ÇáúæóÇÍöÏö ÍóÞöíÞóÊóÇäö ãõÊóÖóÇÏøóÊóÇäö.
ÝóáóãøóÇ ÇÓúÊóÍóÇáó Ðóáößó ÚóáöãúäóÇ ÇÓúÊöÍóÇáóÉó ÊóßúáöíÝö Ãóåúáö ÇáúÚöáúãö ÈöåóÇ Úóáóì æóÌúåóíúäö ãõÊóÖóÇÏøóíúäö¡ (æóÅöäú ÞõáúäóÇ: Åäøóåõ ßóáøóÝóåõãóÇ ÇáÙøóäøó ÝóÍóÓúÈõ¡ Ïõæäó ÍóÞöíÞóÉö ÇáúÚöáúãö¡ ãöäú ÍóíúËõ áóÇ íóÓúÊóÍöíáõ æõÌõæÏõ ÇáÙøóäøö ãöäúåõãóÇ Úóáóì æóÌúåóíúäö ãõÊóÖóÇÏøóíúäö) .
æóÅöäú ßóÇäóÊú ÇáúÍóÞöíÞóÉõ æóÇÍöÏóÉð¡ ÝóÅöäøó Ðóáößó ãõãúÊóäöÚñ ãöäú ÇáúæõÌõæåö ÇáøóÊöí ÐóßóÑúäóÇ¡ ÅÐóÇ áóãú íóßõäú ãõÞóÇÑöäðÇ áöáäøóÙóÑö ÇáúãõÄóÏøöí Åáóì ÇáúãóÚúÑöÝóÉö¡ æóßóÇäó ãóÚó ÇáúÅöÚúÑóÇÖö Úóäú ÇáäøóÙóÑö æóÓõßõæäö ÇáäøóÝúÓö Åáóì ãóÇ íóÛúáöÈõ Ýöí ÇáÙøóäøö.
ÝóÃóãøóÇ ÅÐóÇ ßóÇäó ãõÞóÇÑöäðÇ áöáäøóÙóÑö æóØóáóÈö ÇáúÍóÞöíÞóÉö¡ ÝóÅöäøóåõ ÞóÏú íóßõæäõ ÇáÙøóäøõ ãõÈóÇÍðÇ Úóáóì åóÐóÇ ÇáúæóÌúåö ÈöÓóÈóÈö ãóÇ íóÓúÊóÝúÑöÛõ ãõÏøóÉó ÇáäøóÙóÑö¡ ÝóíõÄóÏøöíå Åáóì ÇáúãóÚúÑöÝóÉö æóÇáúÚöáúãö ÈöÍóÞöíÞóÉö ÇáúãóØúáõæÈö.
æóíóãúÊóäöÚõ ÃóíúÖðÇ: ÊóßúáöíÝõ ÇáÙøóäøö Úóáóì ÇáúæóÌúåö ÇáøóÐöí ÐóßóÑúäóÇ¡ ãöäú ÌöåóÉö æõÑõæÏö ÇáäøóÕøö ÈöãöËúáöåö æóãöäú ÌöåóÉö ãóÇ Ýöíåö ãöäú ÅÈóÇÍóÉö ÇáúÌóåúáö ÈöÇóááøóåö ÊóÚóÇáóì æóÈöÕöÝóÇÊöåö¡ æóÈöãóÇ æóÕóÝúäóÇ ãöäú ÙõåõæÑö Ïóáöíáö ÇáúÍóÞöíÞóÉö ãöäúåóÇ¡ æóÈöãóÇ æóÕóÝúäóÇ ãöäú ÇÊøöÝóÇÞö ÇáúÌóãöíÚö ãöäú ÇáúãõÎúÊóáöÝöíäó¡ Úóáóì Ãóäøó ÇáúÍóÞøó Ýöí æóÇÍöÏò ãöäúåõãóÇ¡ æóÚóáóì ÊóÃúËöíãö ãóäú ÎóÇáóÝó Ýöíåö¡ æóåõæó ãõÊóÝóÇÑöÞñ áöãóÇ æóÕóÝúäóÇ ãöäú ÇáöÇÌúÊöåóÇÏö Ýöí ÃóÍúßóÇãö ÍóæóÇÏöËö ÇáúÞöíóÇÓö ãöäú ÓóÇÆöÑö ÇáúæõÌõæåö ÇáøóÊöí ÐóßóÑúäóÇ.
ÃóÍóÏõåóÇ: Ãóäøóåõ áóíúÓó Ýöí ÇáúÍõßúãö ãöãøóÇ ØóÑöíÞõåõ ÍóÞöíÞóÉñ æóÇÍöÏóÉñ¡ Èóáú Íõßúãõåõ Úóáóì ßõáøö ÃóÍóÏò ÅãúÖóÇÁõ ãóÇ ÃóÏøóÇåõ Åáóíúåö ÇÌúÊöåóÇÏõåõ¡ æóÓóÇÆöÑõ ÇáúÃõãõæÑö ÇáøóÊöí ÐóßóÑúäóÇ ãöäú ÇáúÚóÏúáö æóÇáúÌóÈúÑö æóÇáÊøóæúÍöíÏö æóÇáÊøóÔúÈöíåö ÞóÏú ÍóÕóáóÊú Úóáóì ÍóÞöíÞóÉò ãóÚúáõæãóÉò¡ ÝóÛóíúÑõ ÌóÇÆöÒò Ãóäú íóßõæäó ÇáúÍõßúãõ ÚöäúÏó Çááøóåö ÊóÚóÇáóì ÈöÎöáóÇÝö ÍóÞóÇÆöÞöåóÇ.(4/378)
æóãöäúåóÇ: Ãóäøó ÃóÍúßóÇãó ÇáúÍóæóÇÏöËö ÅäøóãóÇ íóÕöÍøõ ÊóßúáöíÝõåóÇ Úóáóì ÇáúæóÌúåö ÇáøóÐöí íóÌõæÒõ æõÑõæÏõ ÇáäøóÕøö Èöåö¡ ßóÇÎúÊöáóÇÝö ÝóÑúÖö ÇáúãõÓóÇÝöÑö æóÇáúãõÞöíãö¡ æóÇáúÍóÇÆöÖö æóÇáØøóÇåöÑö.
æóáóãøóÇ ÇãúÊóäóÚó æõÑõæÏõ ÇáäøóÕøö Ýöí ÓóÇÆöÑö ÇáúÃóÔúíóÇÁö ÇáøóÊöí ÐóßóÑúäóÇ Úóáóì ÇáúæõÌõæåö ÇáúãõÎúÊóáöÝóÉö áóãú íóÕöÍøó ÊóßúáöíÝõ ÇÚúÊöÞóÇÏöåóÇ Úóáóì Êöáúßó ÇáúæõÌõæåö.
ÝóÅöäú ÞóÇáó ÞóÇÆöáñ: ãóÇ ÃóäúßóÑúÊ Ãóäú íóßõæäó Úóáóì æóÇÍöÏò ãöäú ÇáúãõÎúÊóáöÝöíäó Ýöí ÕöÝóÇÊö Çááøóåö ÊóÚóÇáóì æóÃóÝúÚóÇáöåö ÅäøóãóÇ ßõáøöÝó ãóÇ ÛóáóÈó Ýöí Ùóäøöåö¡ æóÇÓúÊóæúáóì Úóáóì ÑóÃúíöåö¡ Ïõæäó ÅÕóÇÈóÉö ÇáúÍóÞöíÞóÉö¡ ÅÐú áóÇ íóÓúÊóÍöíáõ æõÌõæÏõ ÇáÙøóäøö ãöäú ßõáøö æóÇÍöÏò ãöäúåõãú Úóáóì ÇáúæõÌõæåö ÇáúãõÎúÊóáöÝóÉö. ÝóíóÕöÍøõ ÊóßúáöíÝõåõãú Ðóáößó¡ Ïõæäó ÇáúãóÛöíÈö ÚöäúÏó Çááøóåö ÊóÚóÇáóì ãöäú ÍóÞöíÞóÊöåö.
ßóãóÇ ßõáøöÝó ÇáúãõÊóÍóÑøöí áöáúßóÚúÈóÉö ÇáöÇÚúÊöÞóÇÏó ÈöãóÇ íóÛúáöÈõ Ýöí Ùóäøöåö ãöäú ÌöåóÊöåóÇ¡ ãóÚó ÇÎúÊöáóÇÝö ÇáúÌöåóÇÊö æóÊóÖóÇÏøöåóÇ¡ ÝóßõáøöÝó æóÇÍöÏñ ÇáöÇÚúÊöÞóÇÏó ÈöÃóäøóåóÇ Ýöí ÌöåóÉö ÇáÔøöãóÇáö¡ ÅÐóÇ ÛóáóÈó Ðóáößó Ýöí Ùóäøöåö¡ æóßõáøöÝó ÇáúÂÎóÑõ ÇáöÇÚúÊöÞóÇÏó ÈöÃóäøóåóÇ Ýöí ÌöåóÉö ÇáúÌóäõæÈö¡ ÚöäúÏó ÛóáóÈóÉö Ðóáößó Ýöí Ùóäøöåö¡ ãóÚó ÊóÖóÇÏøö ÇáúÌöåóÊóíúäö¡ æóÇÓúÊöÍóÇáóÉö æõÑõæÏö ÇáäøóÕøö ÈöåöãóÇ¡ æóÇáúßóÚúÈóÉõ áóåóÇ ÍóÞöíÞóÉñ æóÇÍöÏóÉñ ÚöäúÏó Çááøóåö ÊóÚóÇáóì¡ æóÌöåóÉñ æóÇÍöÏóÉñ áóÇ íõÄóËøöÑõ ÝöíåóÇ ÇÌúÊöåóÇÏõ ÇáúãõÌúÊóåöÏöíäó¡ æóáóÇ íõÛóíøöÑõåóÇ Úóäú ÌöåóÊöåóÇ ÇáøóÊöí åöíó ÝöíåóÇ ÇÎúÊöáóÇÝõ ÇáúãõÎúÊóáöÝöíäó.
æóßóÐóáößó ÝóÑóÖó Úóáóì æóÇÍöÏò ÛóáóÈó Ýöí Ùóäøöåö ÚóÏóÇáóÉõ ÇáÔøõåõæÏö: ÇÚúÊöÞóÇÏó ÚóÏóÇáóÊöåöãú æóÅöãúÖóÇÁó ÇáúÍõßúãö ÈöÔóåóÇÏóÊöåöãú¡ æóÝóÑóÖó Úóáóì ÂÎóÑó ÛóáóÈó Ýöí Ùóäøöåö (ÝöÓúÞõåõãú) : ÇÚúÊöÞóÇÏó ÝöÓúÞöåöãú¡ æóÅöáúÛóÇÁó ÔóåóÇÏóÊöåöãú¡ æóãóÚúáõæãñ Ãóäøóåõãú áóÇ íóÎúáõæäó ãöäú Ãóäú íóßõæäõæÇ ÚöäúÏó Çááøóåö ÊóÚóÇáóì ÚõÏõæáðÇ Ãóæú ÝõÓøóÇÞðÇ¡ ÞóÏú ÍóÕóáóÊú ÍóÇáõåõãú ÚöäúÏó Çááøóåö ÊóÚóÇáóì Úóáóì ÅÍúÏóì ÌöåóÊóíúäö.
æóßóÐóáößó ÇáäøóÝóÞóÇÊõ¡ æóÊóÞúæöíãõ ÇáúãõÓúÊóåúáóßóÇÊö¡ æóãóÞóÇÏöíÑõ ÇáúãóßöíáóÇÊö¡ æóÇáúãóæúÒõæäóÇÊõ¡ ÞóÏú ÊóÎúÊóáöÝõ ÂÑóÇÁõ ÇáúãõÌúÊóåöÏöíäó ÝöíåóÇ Úóáóì ÍóÓóÈö ãóÇ íóÛúáöÈõ Ýöí Ùõäõæäöåöãú¡ æóãóÚúáõæãñ Ãóäøó áöåóÐöåö ÇáúÃõãõæÑö ÍóÞóÇÆöÞó ÚöäúÏó Çááøóåö ÊóÚóÇáóì¡ ÞóÏú ÍóÕóáóÊú Úóáóì æóÌúåò æóÇÍöÏò¡ ÅãøóÇ ãõæóÇÝöÞóÉð áöÙóäøö ÈóÚúÖöåöãú¡ Ãóæú ãõÎóÇáöÝóÉð áöÙóäøö ÌóãöíÚöåöãú¡ ÅÐú ÌóÇÆöÒñ Ãóäú íóßõæäó ÇáúÍóÞøõ Ýöí ÛóíúÑö ãóÇ ÞóÇáõæÇ¡ æóãóÚó Ðóáößó ÝóÛóíúÑõ ÌóÇÆöÒò æõÑõæÏõ ÇáäøóÕøö ÈöåóÇ Úóáóì ÇáúæõÌõæåö ÇáøóÊöí ÍóÕóáó ÇÎúÊöáóÇÝõ ÇáúãõÎúÊóáöÝöíäó ÝöíåóÇ¡ ÝóÞóÏú ÕóÍøó ÊóßúáöíÝõåõãú ÇáÙøõäõæäó Úóáóì ÇÎúÊöáóÇÝöåóÇ æóÊóÖóÇÏøöåóÇ¡(4/379)
ÈöÍóÞöíÞóÉò æóÇÍöÏóÉò¡ ÝóãóÇ ÃóäúßóÑúÊõãú ãöäú ãöËúáöåö ÝöíãóÇ ÇÎúÊóáóÝóÊú ÇáúÃõãøóÉõ Ýöíåö ãöäú ÕöÝóÇÊö Çááøóåö ÊóÚóÇáóì æóÃóÝúÚóÇáöåö¡ æóäóÍúæöåóÇ¡ æóÃóäú íóßõæäõæÇ ãõÊóÚóÈøöÏöíäó ÈöÇÚúÊöÞóÇÏö ãóÇ íóÛúáöÈõ Ýöí Ùõäõæäöåöãú¡ æóáóíúÓó Úóáóíúåöãú ÔóíúÁñ ãöäú ÇáúãóÛöíÈö ÚöäúÏó Çááøóåö ÊóÚóÇáóì ãöäú ÍóÞöíÞóÉö ÇáúãóÙúäõæäö¡ ÅÐú áóãú íõßóáøóÝõæÇ ÇáúãóÛöíÈó.
æóÌóÇÆöÒñ áöáúÅöäúÓóÇäö ÅÐóÇ ÛóáóÈó Ýöí Ùóäøöåö ÇáÔøóíúÁó Ãóäú íóÞõæáó: åõæó ßóÐóÇ¡ æóãõÑóÇÏõåõ Ãóäøóåõ ßóÐóáößó ÚöäúÏöí¡ æóÝöí Ùóäøöí¡ Ýóíóßõæäõ ÕóÇÏöÞðÇ.
ÃóáóÇ ÊóÑóì: Ãóäøóåõ íóÌõæÒõ Åäú ÛóáóÈó Ýöí Ùóäøöåö Ãóäøó ÇáúßóÚúÈóÉó Ýöí åóÐöåö ÇáúÌöåóÉö¡ Ãóäú íóÞõæáó: åóÐöåö ÌöåóÉõ ÇáúßóÚúÈóÉö¡ æóíóÞõæáõ ÂÎóÑõ ÛóáóÈó Ýöí Ùóäøöåö ÌöåóÉñ ÃõÎúÑóì: Åäøó åóÐöåö ÌöåóÊõåóÇ¡ æóÅöäøóãóÇ íóÑúÌöÚõ Ýöíåö Åáóì ãóÇ ÚöäúÏóåõ áóÇ Åáóì ÇáúãõÛóíøóÈö ÚöäúÏó Çááøóåö ÊóÚóÇáóì ãöäú ÍóÞöíÞóÊöåóÇ.
æóÞóÏú Íóßóì Çááøóåõ ÊóÚóÇáóì Úóäú ÈóÚúÖö ÃóäúÈöíóÇÆöåö - Úóáóíúåöãú ÇáÓøóáóÇãõ -: Ãóäøóåõ ÃóãóÇÊóåõ ãöÇÆóÉó ÚóÇãò Ëõãøó ÈóÚóËóåõ {ÞóÇáó ßóãú áóÈöËúÊ ÞóÇáó áóÈöËúÊ íóæúãðÇ Ãóæú ÈóÚúÖó íóæúãò} [ÇáÈÞÑÉ: 259] æóßóÇäó ÕóÇÏöÞðÇ¡ áöÃóäøó ÅØúáóÇÞóåõ Ðóáößó ßóÇäó ãõÊóÚóáøöÞðÇ ÈöãóÇ ßóÇäó ÛóáóÈó Ýöí Ùóäøöåö.
æóÍóßóì Çááøóåõ ÊóÚóÇáóì Úóäú ÃóÕúÍóÇÈö ÇáúßóåúÝö Ãóäøóåõãú ÞóÇáõæÇ: {áóÈöËúäóÇ íóæúãðÇ Ãóæú ÈóÚúÖó íóæúãò} [ÇáßåÝ: 19] æóßóÇäõæÇ ÕóÇÏöÞöíäó Ýöí Þóæúáöåöãú¡ ÅÐú ßóÇäó Þóæúáõåõãú Ðóáößó ÅäøóãóÇ ÕóÏóÑó Úóäú Ùõäõæäöåöãú¡ æóãóÇ ßóÇäó ÚöäúÏóåõãú Ýöí ÇÚúÊöÞóÇÏöåöãú¡ «æóÞóÇáó Ðõæ ÇáúíóÏóíúäö áöáäøóÈöíøö - Õóáøóì Çááøóåõ Úóáóíúåö æóÓóáøóãó -: ÃóÞóÕõÑóÊú ÇáÕøóáóÇÉõ Ãóãú äóÓöíÊ¿ ÝóÞóÇáó ÇáäøóÈöíøõ - Õóáøóì Çááøóåõ Úóáóíúåö æóÓóáøóãó -: ßõáøõ Ðóáößó áóãú íóßõäú» æóãóÚúäóÇåõ: áóãú íóßõäú ÚöäúÏöí¡ ÝóÅöÐðÇ ÞóÏú ÌóÇÒó ÅØúáóÇÞõ Ðóáößó ãöäú ÇáúÃóäúÈöíóÇÁö æóÇáúÃóÊúÞöíóÇÁö ÇáúãóãúÏõæÍöíäó¡ æóßóÇäó Ðóáößó ãöäúåõãú ãõÊóÚóáøöÞðÇ ÈöÛóÇáöÈö Ùõäõæäöåöãú¡ Ïõæäó ãóÇ íóÌõæÒõ æõÑõæÏõ ÇáäøóÕøö Èöåö¡ æóÏõæäó ÍóÞöíÞóÉö ãóÙúäõæäöåöãú¡ ÝóãóÇ ÃóäúßóÑúÊõãú Ãóäú íóßõæäó ßóÐóáößó Íõßúãõ ãóÇ ÇÎúÊóáóÝóÊú ÇáúÃõãøóÉõ Ýöíåö æóÃóäøó ßõáøó ãóäú ÛóáóÈó Ýöí Ùóäøöåö ÔóíúÁñ æóÇÓúÊóÞóÑøó ÛóáóÈóÉõ ÑóÃúíöåö ãõÊóÚóÈøöÏñ ÈöÇÚúÊöÞóÇÏö ãóÇ ÛóáóÈó Ýöí Ùóäøöåö¡ æóÃóäú íóÌõæÒó áóåõ ÇáúÅöÎúÈóÇÑõ Èöåö Úóáóì ÇáúÅöØúáóÇÞö¡ Ãóäøóåõ ßóÐóáößó¡ Úóáóì ÍóÓóÈö ãóÇ ÍóßóíúäóÇåõ Úóãøóäú ÃóØúáóÞó Ðóáößó¡ æóßóÇäó ÅØúáóÇÞõåõ (ÓóÇÆöÛðÇ ÍóÇÆöÒðÇ) ÈöãóÇ ÚöäúÏóåõ Ýöí ÛóÇáöÈö Ùóäøöåö.
ÇáúÌóæóÇÈõ: Ãóäøó ãóÇ ÞóÏøóãúäóÇ ßóÇÝò áöãóäú íóÊóÏóÈøóÑõåõ Ýöí ÅÓúÞóÇØö åóÐóÇ ÇáÓøõÄóÇáö ãöäú ÇáúæõÌõæåö ÇáøóÊöí ÐóßóÑúäóÇ¡ æóÝöí ÅÌóÇÒóÉö ãóÇ ÔóÇÁó ãöäúåõ åóÐóÇ ÇáÓøóÇÆöáõ ÅÌóÇÒóÉõ ÅÈóÇÍóÉö ÇáúÌóåúáö ÈöÇóááøóåö ÊóÚóÇáóì æóÈöÕöÝóÇÊöåö.(4/380)
æóáóæú ÌóÇÒó Ãóäú íõÈöíÍó Ðóáößó áóÌóÇÒó Ãóäú íóÃúãõÑó Èöåö¡ æóáóæú ÌóÇÒó åóÐóÇ áóÌóÇÒó Ãóäú íóÃúãõÑó ÈöÇáúßóÐöÈö Úóáóíúåö æóíóÔúÊõãóåõ¡ æóíóÔúÊõãó ÃóäúÈöíóÇÁóåõ - Úóáóíúåöãú ÇáÓøóáóÇãõ -¡ æóåóÐóÇ ÞóÈöíÍñ áóÇ íóÌõæÒõ ÝöÚúáõåõ (Úóáóì Çááøóåö ÊóÚóÇáóì) ¡ ÝóáóÇ íõãúßöäõ ÇáúÞóÇÆöáó ÈöåóÐóÇ ÇáúÞóæúáö ÇáöÇäúÝöÕóÇáõ ãöãøóäú ÃóÌóÇÒó ãöËúáóåõ Ýöí ÌóãöíÚö ãóÇ ÇÎúÊóáóÝó ÇáäøóÇÓõ Ýöíåö¡ ãöäú Ãóåúáö ÇáúãöáøóÉö æóÛóíúÑöåöãú ãöäú ÓóÇÆöÑö ÃóÕúäóÇÝö Ãóåúáö ÇáúÅöáúÍóÇÏö æóÇáÔøöÑúßö¡ ÍóÊøóì íóßõæäó ßõáøõ ãõÚúÊóÞöÏò ãöäúåõãú ÈöÔóíúÁò ÛóáóÈó Ýöí Ùóäøöåö ãóÃúãõæÑðÇ ÈöÇÚúÊöÞóÇÏö ãóÇ ÇÚúÊóÞóÏóåõ¡ æóÃóäú áóÇ íóßõæäó áöãóÇ ÇÎúÊóáóÝóÊú ÇáúÃõãøóÉõ Ýöíåö ÇÎúÊöÕóÇÕñ ÈöÊóÌúæöíÒö Ðóáößó Ýöíåö¡ Ïõæäó ãóÇ ÎóÇáóÝó Ýöíåö ÇáúÎóÇÑöÌõæäó Úóäú ÇáúãöáøóÉö¡ ãöäú ÓóÇÆöÑö ÃóÕúäóÇÝö Ãóåúáö ÇáúÅöáúÍóÇÏö æóÇáÔøöÑúßö.
ÝóáóãøóÇ ßóÇäó ÊóÌúæöíÒõ Ðóáößó ÊóÕúæöíÈó ÇáúãõÌúÊóåöÏöíäó Ýöíåö ãõÄóÏøöíðÇ Åáóì ÇäúÓöáóÇÎò ãöäú ÇáúÅöÓúáóÇãö æóÇáúÎõÑõæÌö Úóäú ÇáúãöáøóÉö ßóÇäó ßóÐóáößó Íõßúãõ ÇáúãõÎúÊóáöÝöíäó ãöäú ÇáúÃõãøóÉö Ýöí ÕöÝóÇÊö Çááøóåö ÊóÚóÇáóì ÐößúÑõåõ¡ æóãóÇ íóÌõæÒõ Úóáóíúåö ãöãøóÇ áóÇ íóÌõæÒõ¡ æóãöäú ÍóíúËõ ßóÇäó ÙõåõæÑõ ÏóáóÇÆöáö ÇáÊøóæúÍöíÏö¡ (æóÊóËúÈöíÊõ ÇáÑøõÓõáö) ãóÇäöÚðÇ ãöäú ÊóÕúæöíÈö ÇáúãõÎúÊóáöÝöíäó Ýöíåö - Úóáóì ÇÎúÊöáóÇÝöåöãú - æóÌóÈó ãöËúáõåõ Ýöí ÇÎúÊöáóÇÝö Ãóåúáö ÇáúãöáøóÉö æóÕöÝóÇÊö Çááøóåö ÊóÚóÇáóì ÐößúÑõåõ æóÃóÝúÚóÇáõåõ.
æóãóÇ ÐóßóÑóåõ ãöäú ÃóãúÑö ÇáúãõÎúÊóáöÝöíäó Ýöí ÊóÍóÑøöí ÇáúßóÚúÈóÉö¡ æóÊóÚúÏöíáö ÇáÔøõåõæÏö æóÇáäøóÝóÞóÇÊö¡ æóÅöËúÈóÇÊö ãóÞóÇÏöíÑö ÇáúãóßóÇíöíáö æóÇáúãóæóÇÒöíäö áöÛóÇáöÈö ÇáÙøóäøö¡ æóÊóßúáöíÝö ßõáøö ÃóÍóÏò ãóÇ ÃóÏøóÇåõ Åáóíúåö ÇÌúÊöåóÇÏõåõ ãóÚó ßóæúäö ÇáúÍóÞöíÞóÉö ÝöíåóÇ ÚöäúÏó Çááøóåö ÊóÚóÇáóì æóÇÍöÏóÉð¡ æóÇãúÊöäóÇÚõ æõÑõæÏö ÇáäøóÕøö ÈöåóÇ Úóáóì ÍóÓóÈö æõÌõæÏò áóÇ ÇÎúÊöáóÇÝò¡ ÝóáóíúÓó åõæó ãöãøóÇ ÐóßóÑúäóÇ Ýöí ÔóíúÁò¡ æóÐóáößó (Ãóäøóåõ) áóíúÓó ÇáúÝóÑúÖõ Úóáóì ÇáúãõÊóÍóÑøöí áöáúßóÚúÈóÉö åõæó Ùóäøõåõ ÈöÃóäøó ÇáúßóÚúÈóÉó Ýöí åóÐöåö ÇáúÌöåóÉö Ïõæäó ÛóíúÑöåóÇ.
æóßóÐóáößó (ÇáúÝóÑúÖõ Úóáóì ÇáúãõÊóÍóÑøöí) ÇáúÍóÇßöãö áóíúÓó ÇáúÝóÑúÖó ÇáøóÐöí ßõáøöÝó æõÌõæÏó ÇáÙøóäøö ãöäúåõ ÈöÃóäøó åóÐóÇ ÚóÏúáñ¡ Ãóæú ÝóÇÓöÞñ æóßóÐóáößó ÇáäøóÝóÞóÇÊõ æóäóÍúæõåóÇ.(4/381)
æóÅöäøóãóÇ ÊóÚóáøóÞó ÇáÊøóßúáöíÝõ Ýöí åóÐöåö ÇáúÃóÔúíóÇÁö ÈöÃõãõæÑò ÃõÎóÑó ÞóÏú ÃõãöÑõæÇ ÈöÅöãúÖóÇÆöåóÇ ÚöäúÏó æõÌõæÏö ÛóáóÈóÉö ÇáÙøóäøö ãöäúåõãú Úóáóì æóÕúÝò¡ æóÅöäú áóãú íóßõäú ÇáÙøóäøõ äóÝúÓõåõ åõæó ÇáúãóÃúãõæÑõ Èöåö.
ÝóÃóãøóÇ ãóäú ÃóÏøóÇåõ ÇÌúÊöåóÇÏõåõ Åáóì Ãóäøó åóÐöåö ÌöåóÉñ áöáúßóÚúÈóÉö Ãóäú íõÕóáøöíó ÅáóíúåóÇ¡ æóãóäú ÛóáóÈó Ýöí Ùóäøöåö ÚóÏóÇáóÉõ ÇáÔøõåõæÏö¡ ÃóãúÖóì ÇáúÍõßúãó ÈöÔóåóÇÏóÊöåöãú¡ æóãóäú ÇÓúÊóæúáóì Úóáóì ÑóÃúíöåö Ãóäøó ÞöíãóÉó ÇáËøóæúÈö ÇáúãõÓúÊóåúáóßö ßóÐóÇ¡ Ãóäú íóáúÒóãóåóÇ ãõÓúÊóåúáößóÉó.
ÃóáóÇ ÊóÑóì: Ãóäøóåõ áóæúáóÇ ÇáÕøóáóÇÉõ ÇáúãóÝúÑõæÖóÉõ Úóáóíúåö Åáóì ÌöåóÉö ÇáúßóÚúÈóÉö¡ áóãóÇ ßóÇäó ãóÃúãõæÑðÇ ÈöØóáóÈöåóÇ æóáóÇ ÇáÊøóÍóÑøöí áöÌöåóÊöåóÇ. æóãóäú áóíúÓó Úóáóíúåö ÇÓúÊöãóÇÚõ ÇáúÈóíøöäóÉö Ãóæú ÇáúÅöÎúÈóÇÑö ÈöÇáöÇÌúÊöåóÇÏö Ýöí ÊóÚúÏöíáö ÇáÔøõåõæÏö (ÝóÇáÊøóÍóÑøöí) Úóäúåõ ÓóÇÞöØñ.
æóßóÐóáößó ãóäú áóíúÓó Úóáóíúåö ÅáúÒóÇãõ Íõßúãò áöÛóíúÑöåö Ýöí ÖóãóÇäö ãóÇ ÇÍúÊóÇÌó Åáóì ÇáÊøóÞúæöíãö¡ ÝóáóíúÓó Úóáóíúåö ÇáöÇÌúÊöåóÇÏõ.
ÝóÚóáöãúÊ Ãóäøó ÇáÊøóßúáöíÝó Ýöí åóÐöåö ÇáúãóæóÇÖöÚö ãõÊóÚóáøöÞñ ÈöÅöãúÖóÇÁö ÇáúÍõßúãö ÈöãóÇ ÛóáóÈó Ýöí Ùóäøöåö¡ áóÇ ÇáöÇÚúÊöÞóÇÏö áöáÙøóäøö¡ æóßõáøõ ãóÇ ßõáøöÝó ãöäú Ðóáößó æóÃõãöÑó ÈöÅöãúÖóÇÆöåö æóÛóáóÈó Ýöí Ùóäøöåö ÝóÅöäøóåõ ÌóÇÆöÒñ æõÑõæÏõ ÇáäøóÕøö ÈöãöËúáöåö. ÃóáóÇ ÊóÑóì: Ãóäøóåõ ÌóÇÆöÒñ Ãóäú íóÃúãõÑó ÈóÚúÖó ÇáäøóÇÓö ÈöÇáÊøóæóÌøõåö Åáóì ÇáúßóÚúÈóÉö¡ æóÈóÚúÖóåõãú ÈöÇáÊøóæóÌøõåö Åáóì ÛóíúÑöåóÇ ãóÚó ÇáúÚöáúãö ÈöåóÇ¡ ßóÇáúÎóÇÆöÝö æóäóÍúæöåö.
æóÌóÇÆöÒñ Ãóäú íõßóáøöÝó ÇáúÅöäúÓóÇäó ÇáúÍõßúãó ÈöÔóåóÇÏóÉö åóÐóíúäö¡ æóíõßóáøöÝó ÂÎóÑó Ãóäú áóÇ íõãúÖöíó ÍõßúãðÇ ÈöÔóåóÇÏóÊöåöãóÇ.
æóÌóÇÆöÒñ Ãóäú íõßóáøöÝó ÈóÚúÖó ÇáäøóÇÓö Ãóäú íõáúÒöãó ãõÓúÊóåúáößó åóÐóÇ ÇáËøóæúÈö ÚóÔóÑó ÏóÑóÇåöãó¡ æóíõßóáøöÝó ÂÎóÑó ÅÐóÇ ÇÎúÊóÕóãõæÇ Åáóíúåö Ãóäú íõáúÒöãóåõ ÃóÍóÏó ÚóÔóÑó ÏöÑúåóãðÇ¡ ÝóÇáúÃõãõæÑõ ÇáøóÊöí ÊóÚóáøóÞóÊú ÈöåóÇ ÕöÍøóÉõ ÇáÊøóßúáöíÝö Úóáóì ÇÎúÊöáóÇÝöåóÇ íóÌõæÒõ æõÑõæÏõ ÇáúÚöÈóÇÑóÉö ÈöåóÇ ãöäú ØóÑöíÞö ÇáäøóÕøö¡ ÝóáöÐóáößó ßóÇäó ÇáúÌóãöíÚõ ãõÕöíÈöíäó¡ æóÓóÞóØó ÇÚúÊöÈóÇÑõ ÇáÙøõäõæäö ÇáúãõÎúÊóáöÝóÉö¡ ÅÐú áóíúÓóÊú åöíó ÇáúÝõÑõæÖõ ÇáøóÊöí ßõáøöÝõæåóÇ¡ æóÅöäú ßóÇäõæÇ ÅäøóãóÇ ßõáøöÝõæÇ ÇáúÝõÑõæÖó(4/382)
ÚöäúÏó æõÌõæÏöåóÇ¡ ßóãóÇ íõßóáøóÝõ ÇáúÝóÑúÖõ ÚöäúÏó ÇáúÈõáõæÛö ÝóÍõÖõæÑõ ÃóæúÞóÇÊò¡ æóÃõãõæÑò áóíúÓóÊú åöíó Ýöí ÃóäúÝõÓöåóÇ ÝõÑõæÖðÇ.
æóáóíúÓó ßóÐóáößó (Íõßúãõ) ãóÇ ÇÎúÊóáóÝóÊú Ýöíåö ÇáúÃõãøóÉõ ãöäú ÕöÝóÇÊö Çááøóåö ÊóÚóÇáóì¡ æóÃóÝúÚóÇáöåö ÚóÒøó æóÌóáøó¡ áöÃóäøó ÇáúÍõßúãó ÇáøóÐöí ßõáøöÝõæåõ Ýöí Ðóáößó åõæó ÇáöÇÚúÊöÞóÇÏõ áöáÔøóíúÁö Úóáóì ãóÇ åõæó¡ áóÇ Íõßúãó Úóáóíúåö ÝöíåóÇ ÛóíúÑõåõ¡ Ýóáóãú íóßõäú ÌóÇÆöÒðÇ Ãóäú íõÈöíÍó Çááøóåõ ÊóÞóÏøóÓóÊú ÃóÓúãóÇÄõåõ áóåõãú ÇÚúÊöÞóÇÏó ãóÇ ßóáøóÝóåõãú ÇÚúÊöÞóÇÏóåõ Úóáóì ãóÇ åõæó Èöåö Ãóäú íóÚúÊóÞöÏõæåõ Úóáóì ÎöáóÇÝö ãóÇ åõæó Úóáóíúåö¡ ÝóáöÐóáößó ßóÇäó ÇáúÍóÞøõ Ýöí æóÇÍöÏò ãöäú Êöáúßó ÇáúÃóÞóÇæöíáö¡ æóåõæó ÇáøóÐöí ÕóÇÏóÝó ÍóÞöíÞóÉó ÇáúãóØúáõæÈö Úóáóì ãóÇ åõæó Úóáóíúåö¡ æóãóÇ ÚóÏóÇåõ ÝóÖóáóÇáñ æóÈóÇØöáñ. æóÇóááøóåõ ÃóÚúáóãõ ÈöÇáÕøóæóÇÈö.(4/383)
ßóÊóÈó Ýöí ÂÎöÑö ÇáäøõÓúÎóÉö " Í ": ÝóÑóÛó ãöäú äóÓúÎö åóÐóÇ ÇáúßöÊóÇÈö ÇáúÝõÕõæáö áöáÑøóÇÒöíøö ÈöÚóæúäö Çááøóåö ÇáúãõÌóÇÒöí¡ ÇáúÝóÞöíÑõ Åáóì ÑóÍúãóÊöåö¡ ãõÍóãøóÏõ Èúäõ ãóÇÖöíøò¡ ÚóÝóÇ Çááøóåõ Úóäúåõ¡ æóãóÊøóÚó Èöåö ãõÓúÊóäúÓöÎóåõ æóäóÇÙöÑóåõ. ÇáúÚóÕúÑó Ýöí íóæúãö ÇáöÇËúäóíúäö ÇáúãõÈóÇÑóßö ãöäú ÔóåúÑö ÑóÈöíÚò ÇáúÂÎóÑö¡ ÚóÇãó ËóãóÇäò æóÃóÑúÈóÚöíäó æóÓóÈúÚö ãöÇÆóÉò. ÃóÍúÓóäó Çááøóåõ ÚóÇÝöíóÊóåõ¡ æóÐóáößó ÈöÇáúãóÓúÌöÏö ÇáúÃóÞúÕóì ".
æóßóÊóÈó Ýöí ÂÎöÑö ÇáäøõÓúÎóÉö " åÜ ": " åóÐóÇ ÂÎöÑõ ÃõÕõæáö ÇáúÝöÞúåö áöáúÅöãóÇãö ÃóÈöí ÈóßúÑò ÇáúÌóÕøóÇÕö ÃóÍúãóÏó Èúäö Úóáöíøò ÇáÑøóÇÒöíøö¡ - ÑóÍöãóåõ Çááøóåõ -¡ ÝóÑóÛó Úóäú ßöÊóÇÈóÊöåö ÇáúÚóÈúÏõ ÇáÖøóÚöíÝõ ÃóÈõæ ÍóäöíÝóÉó¡ ÃóãöíÑõ ßóÇÊöÈö Èúäö ÃóãöíÑö ÚõãóÑó ÇáúÚóãöíÏö ÇáúãóÏúÚõæø ÈöÞöæóÇãö ÇáúÝóÇÑóÇÈöíøö ÇáúÃóÊúÞóÇäöíøö ÈöÏöãóÔúÞó¡ ÍóãóÇåóÇ Çááøóåõ Úóäú ÇáúÂÝóÇÊö¡ ÓöÑóÇÑó ÇáúãõÍóÑøóãö ãöäú ÓóäóÉö ÊöÓúÚò æóÃóÑúÈóÚöíäó æóÓóÈúÚöãöÇÆóÉò¡ æóßóÇäó ÊóÇÑöíÎõ ÇáäøõÓúÎóÉö ÇáøóÊöí ßõÊöÈóÊú åóÐöåö ÇáäøõÓúÎóÉõ ãöäúåóÇ Ýöí ÑóÌóÈò ãöäú ÓóäóÉö ÅÍúÏóì æóÊöÓúÚöíäó æóËóáóËöãöÇÆóÉò¡ æóßóÇäó æóÝóÇÉõ ÃóÈöí ÈóßúÑò ÇáÑøóÇÒöíøö ÓóäóÉó ÓóÈúÚöíäó æóËóáóËöãöÇÆóÉò. æóÇáúÍóãúÏõ áöáøóåö ßóãóÇ åõæó Ãóåúáõåõ¡ æóÕóáóæóÇÊõåõ Úóáóì ÓóíøöÏöäóÇ ãõÍóãøóÏò æóÂáöåö ÃóÌúãóÚöíäó. ÞõæÈöáó ÈöÞóÏúÑö ÇáúæõÓúÚö æóÇáúÅöãúßóÇäö ÈöÇáúÃóÕúáö ÇáúãóäúÓõæÎö ãöäúåõ¡ Ýöí ÔóåúÑö ÑóÈöíÚò ÇáúÃóæøóáö ãöäú ÇáÓøóäóÉö ÇáúãóÐúßõæÑóÉö ". Êóãøó ÏöÑóÇÓóÉõ æóÊóÍúÞöíÞõ ßöÊóÇÈö " ÇáúÝõÕõæáö Ýöí ÇáúÃõÕõæáö " áöáúÅöãóÇãö ÇáúÌóÕøóÇÕö æóáöáøóåö ÇáúÝóÖúáõ æóÇáúãöäøóÉõ.(4/384)